第一篇：大学体验英语听力下第九单元教案
Unit 9 Travel Alternatives Teaching Objectives: In this unit, students will listen to monologues and conversations about travel alternatives.Students will listen to a talk about eco-tourism in Listening Task and a conversation about travel experiences in Real World Listening.In Real World Listening 2, students will hear about three people’s travel plans.Students will be asked to design a present a backpacking itinerary in Real World Speaking.Teaching Difficulties: 1.Students may encounter some difficult words while listening, and they are required to figure out the contextual meanings of these words.It takes time and the instructor has to take pains to gradually acquaint students the skill of how to understand unfamiliar words while listening.2.Students may come across difficulties of taking down notes while listening.The instructor has to pause while listening to tell the students how to jot down brief notes in process of listening comprehension.Teaching Procedures: 1.Warming-up exercise Students will listen to monologues and conversations about travel alternatives.Students will listen to a talk about eco-tourism in Listening Task and a conversation about travel experiences in Real World Listening 1.In Real World Listening 2, students will hear about three people’s travel plans.Students will be asked to design and present a backpacking itinerary in Real World Speaking.2.Vocabulary—Read and Choose development n.the act or action of developing or the state of being developed revenue n.money collected from taxes and fees benefit v.to bring advantages to someone or improve his/her life in some way economy n.operation of a country’s money supply, industry and trade impact n.strong impression or effect on someone or something take advantage of v.to use a particular situation to do or get what one wants awareness n.having knowledge or understanding of someone or something sustainable a.an action or process that sustainable can continue or last for a long time refuge n.(a place that provides)protection or shelter from danger outstanding a.better than others;very good community n.the people living in one place, district or country, or with a shared awareness or experience, considered as a whole environment n.the natural or social conditions in which people live Supplementary Expressions
a day trip
一日游
a short trip
短暂的旅行
a voyage
海上旅行
be(away)on a journey
在旅行中
business trip
商务旅行
camping holiday
野营度假
fare
票价
guided tour
有向导的团队旅行
holiday / vacation
假日旅行
holiday camp
假日旅行
homeward journey
蜜月旅行
honeymoon
蜜月旅行
jaunt
远足；短途旅游
junket
公费旅游
package tour 团队旅行
return journey 返航；回程
round trip
（乘船、飞机、火车等）来回票
round-the-world trip 环球旅行
school trip
学校远足；休学旅行
suitcase
旅行箱
tour bus
游览巴士
tour car
游览车
tour of inspection
视察旅行
tour operator
包团旅游承办商
tourist attraction
旅游胜地
tourist group
观光团；旅游团
tourist map
旅游地图
3.Listening Task Pre-listening Activity Learning Strategies——Keeping a Travel Diary Most of us never travel without a camera as it helps us to record our expenditures.But there is a better way to do this: keeping a travel diary.In a travel diary, we can write about and comment on the places we’ve visited, the people we’ve met, the difficulties we’ve encountered, and our emotions during the journey.Pictures can make our diary even more interesting.Listening Activities
1)Now listen to Part 1 and decide whether the following statements are true(T)or false(F).2)Now listen to Part 3 of the conversation and choose the best answers.4.Real World Listening 1 1)Predict.Jeff is an American taking a gap year traveling.He is talking to two other backpackers and telling them why he has never been to Europe.Why do you think he hasn’t been there? 2)Get the Main Idea.Listen to Part 2 of the conversation and fill the details about Simon and Isabel’s first two trips.5.Real World Listening 2 1)Describe.Listen to Gary talk about his travel in Part 1.Use the following questions to help you make notes and then describe to your partner what he has said.2)Discover.In Part 2, Jacky talks about her travel plans.Listen carefully and match the beginnings with the endings to make complete sentences.Tapescript for Listening Task
[Part 1] Tourism can bring a lot of money and development to a region.In many places it is a vital source of revenue welcomed by the local people.However, the benefits to the local economy are not automatic and sometimes tourism may even have a negative impact on a region.The environment is often the first to suffer and this can be particularly disastrous to a region if its natural beauty was the attraction that brought visitors in the first place.If an area is very popular, people from outside may move there to take advantage of the money-making opportunities, which may force the local people out of their homes and villages to make way for larger resorts.Thanks to a growing awareness of these problems, a different type of tourism that doesn’t destroy the tourist site is gaining popularity.Some call it “sustainable tourism”, some call it “eco-tourism”.Imagine an area of untouched natural beauty, such as a rainforest or a refuge where you can see animals in their natural habitat.The visiting tourists get to see a place of outstanding natural beauty and animals otherwise only seen in a zoo or on television.And, while there, he or she spends money in the local economy, thereby contributing in a significant way to the community.The local inhabitants see their standard of living improve and understand the importance of spending time and money protecting and improving their environment.In this kind of tourism, everybody wins.[Part 2]
So, where can you go as an eco-tourist? The list is a long one.Many eco-tourist holidays include outdoor activities, such as trekking trough jungles, climbing mountains, canoeing, white water rafting, skiing, or any one of a hundred other options.Do you want to see a tiger? Do you want to come face to face with a gorilla? Some people have always wanted to see a bear up-close.There are eco-tour companies that can arrange such activities for you and they’ll make sure it’s all done without harm to the natural environment or the local communities.So, if hunting is your idea of fun, ecotourism isn’t for you.[Part 3]
Resorts at eco-tourist destinations are often different than other resorts.Many are small with a restriction on the number of visitors.Hotels and guesthouses are made with environmentally friendly materials that are found locally.Electrical power might
come from solar, wind or water energy, and the waste is often recycled.The tourist guides are local people who share their knowledge of the area.Before you book your next holiday try doing some research yourself.Find out what impact your visit will have on the local ecosystem and people.Do they want more tourists to come to their area? How will the animals benefit? Will your visit cause them stress and possibly harm their future breeding patterns? A good eco-tour company will be happy to answer your questions and will take pride in the fact that they are helping the local communities.With a little research, you can enjoy your trip because you know that you will not only have a great holiday, but also make a positive contribution to the area you visited.
第二篇：大学体验英语听力下第十单元教案[模版]
Unit 10 Negotiations
Teaching Objectives: In this unit, students will listen to a discussion that has two buyers bargaining with a stall vendor in a market(Listening Task).They will also listen to a telephone conversation that has one person offering another some advice about negotiating a salary in an interview(Real World Listening 1)and a dialog that has two people talking about the differences and similarities between negotiating a salary and bargaining in a market.Students will also role-play a salary negotiation(Real World Speaking).Teaching Difficulties: 1.Students may encounter some difficult words while listening, and they are required to figure out the contextual meanings of these words.It takes time and the instructor has to take pains to gradually acquaint students the skill of how to understand unfamiliar words while listening.2.Students may come across difficulties of taking down notes while listening.The instructor has to pause while listening to tell the students how to jot down brief notes in process of listening comprehension.Teaching Procedures: 1.Warming-up exercise Introduce “negotiation” as an important strategy for reaching agreement.Ask students to interpret the quote, “If you can’t go round it, over it, or through it, you had better negotiate with it.” T: How would you interpret the quote in your book: “If you can’t go around it, over it, or through it, you had better negotiate with it?” Do you agree with that? Why or why not?
2.Vocabulary—Read and Choose similar a.like or alike;of the same kind bargain v.to talk about the conditions of a sale, agreement, or contract negotiate v.to talk with another person or group in order to try to come to an agreement salary n.a fixed regular pay each month for a job worth n.value bankrupt a.unable to pay one’s debts market rate n.the usual amount paid at a particular time budget n.the quantity of money that is available to a person or an organization, or a plan of how to arrange private or public income or spending undervalue v.to put too low a value on someone or something reasonable a.(esp.of prices)fair;not too much previous a.having happened before the time, event, or thing being talked about offer v.to hold something out(to a person)for acceptance or refusal Supplementary Expressions Bargaining on the Buying Side Can you come down a bit? Can you sell it for 3 pounds? I can give you no more than $20.Can you sell it for that? I don’t think I could afford to spend so much money for this jewel.I’m sure you can do better than that.What’s your best price? It’s daylight robbery!Sheer robbery!That is shocking!That’s too dear / expensive.Well then, how about splitting the difference?
Bargaining on the selling Side How much would you like it to be? I’ll bring the price down to $10 a piece3 if you’re going to make a big purchase.It’s a real bargain.It’s our standard price.One hundred dollars——you can’t go wrong with that.That’s almost cost price.That’s our rock-bottom price.That’s the best we can do.The price is reasonable because the quality is superior.We are practically giving this away.We don’t give discounts.3.Listening Task Pre-listening Activity Learning Strategies——Putting Forth Strong Arguments Bargaining, like many other types of negotiation, is an art.The key to bargaining is making a persuasive argument that others can’t resort.In Book 5, you learnt how to find faults in others’ arguments, but that is not enough in negotiations.You have to be persuasive, to know the market value of the item you’re bargaining for, and to have an attitude that shows you intend to get what you want.You also have to be reasonable.Don’t suggest an insulting-low price or make any ridiculous accusations.With these few simple rules, you will usually get what you want.Listening Activities
1)First Listening.Chris wants to buy a plate and the vendor asks for 250 yuan.After bargaining, how much do you think she pays for it? Listen and check your answer.2)Second Listening.Now listen to Part 1 of the conversation and answer the following questions.In Part 2, Minxi explains the basic rules of bargaining to Chris.Listening carefully and choose the best answers for the following questions.4.Real World Listening 1 1)Describe.Josh calls Mary to ask for advice.Listen to Part 1 and answer the following questions.2)Get the Main Idea.Now listen to Part 2.Help Josh complete his notes on how to prepare for and conduct the interview.5.Real World Listening 2 1)Predict.After Josh hangs up, he realizes that he is actually quite experienced in negotiating.What negotiating experience do you think he has had before? 2)Discover.In Part 2, Josh and Mary are discussing the similarities and differences between salary negotiation and bargaining in the market.Listen carefully and fill in the following table with the correct letters.Tapescript for Listening Task
[Part 1]
Minxi: Chirs, look at that glass plate.Isn’t it beautiful? Chirs: Yeah, let’s take a closer look at it.I’ve been looking for something like that for my glassware(玻璃器皿, 玻璃制品)collection.Minxi: Okay.[to stall vendor(货摊小贩)] Excuse me, how much is this vase? Vendor: Three hundred yuan.Chris: Wow!Minxi: Oh, no, that’s too expensive…how about this jar? Vendor: That’s two hundred and fifty.Minxi: Thanks.[to Chris] Let’s look at the other stalls.Vendor: Look, you won’t get a plate like this anywhere else.This is unique.You can have it for two hundred and twenty if you really want it.Minixi: Thanks.I’ll think about it.But I think I’ve seen similar ones elsewhere.Vendor: Two hundred, then…hey!Don’t go!We can talk about this… [M & C walk away]
[Part 2]
Chris: Why did you walk away? I think two hundred yuan is a good price for a plate like that.It would cost much more in the States.Minxi: Trust me, you can do better than that.Chris: But I really wanted to buy it.I think he was willing to bargain too.I’m sure I could have got him down to a hundred and eighty.We might not find another one like it.Minxi: Don’t worry we’ll go back.There’s no need to rush.Chris: He might be too angry to bargain when we go back.Minxi: Oh no he won’t.It’s expected that you’ll go round checking prices before bargaining.There’s an art to bargaining, even a profession.Some people earn a living by bargaining for other people in the market.Chris: So, teach me the art.How much would you be willing to pay for a plate like that? Minxi: I would normally pay thirty to forty yuan for a plate of similar size.But given the quality and design of that particular plate, I would allow another ten yuan in budget.Chris: What? That’s a fifth of what he asked for!Minxi: It doesn’t matter how much the vendor asks, what matters is how much the thing is worth.Now, let’s go back to the stall.I’m ready to bargain properly with him.[back to the vendor] [Part 3]
Minxi: How much is that plate again? Vendor: You can have it for one hundred and fifty.Now that’s a bargain!Minxi: I’d be a fool to think that was a bargain…
Vendor: How much do you want it for then? Just give me a price.Minxi: Thirty yuan.Vendor: Impossible!Eighty yuan.That’s the lowest I can go.Minxi: Let me see…no, this plate isn’t worth eighty yuan!There’re too many bubbles in the glass.And, oh dear!Is that a scratch? Yep, thought so, and a very deep one too.Vendor: You can hardly see that, no one else would have noticed it;and the bubbles are meant to be there.Minxi: I know when bubbles are meant to be there and when they’re not.Now, thirty yuan really is the highest price I can pay you.Vendor: No way!I’ll lose money.Minxi: Too bad then, I really don’t want you to lose money, but I can’t afford a scratched and bubbly eighty-yuan plate.I’m afraid I’ll have to leave it.Goodbye.Vendor: Wait a minute…okay,okay, sixty yuan.Minxi: Forty? Vendor: Fifty!Minxi: Forty-two.Vendor: Now forty-five, take it or leave it.Minxi: All right, deal.
第三篇：大学体验英语下第5单元教案
研究生大学英语体验英语听说（下）教案
2014-2015学年第二学期
Unit 5 Eccentricity Teaching Objectives: In this unit, students will listen to a talk about what eccentricity is, and positive and negative views towards it.Students will hear the biographies of four famous eccentric people in Real Word Listening 1.In Read World Listening 2, students will hear two sides of the same set of events between two flat mates who can’t get along.Then students will have an opportunity to role-paly a mediator between those two flat mates in Real World Speaking.Teaching Difficulties: 1.Students may encounter some difficult words while listening, and they are required to figure out the contextual meanings of these words.It takes time and the instructor has to take pains to gradually acquaint students the skill of how to understand unfamiliar words while listening.2.Students may come across difficulties of taking down notes while listening.The instructor has to pause while listening to tell the students how to jot down brief notes in process of listening comprehension.Teaching Procedures: 1.Warming-up exercise Students will start by examining their own attitudes toward eccentricity.Then they will hear a talk which explores the meaning of the word and how so called eccentric people are viewed in society.2.Vocabulary—Read and Choose odd: a.strange;unusual;peculiar useless: a.not of any use refuse: v.to say or show that one is unwilling to give, accept , grant or do something appreciate: v.to understand and enjoy the good qualities or value of something emphasize: v.to place special meaning, value or importance on something conformity: n.behavior, etc.of keeping to or complying with generally accepted rules, customs, etc.productive: a.that produces well or much behavior: way of acting or functioning inventive: a.having or showing the ability to invent things and think originally contradictory: a.containing information which is contrary to other information or gives opposite information paranoia n.abnormal tendency to suspect and mistrust other people without reason depression n.a feeling of sadness and hopelessness
3.Listening Task 研究生大学英语体验英语听说（下）教案
2014-2015学年第二学期
Pre-listening Activity
Learning Strategies——Thinking Independently
Whilst being eccentric cannot be regarded as a learning strategy, independent thinking most certainly can.Thinking independently means being able to look at problems from new angles and going beyond received opinions.It is the basis of all scientific developments.However, it should be balanced by accepting guidance and the wisdom of experience.Finding the right balance can catapult a good student towards becoming a brilliant student.Listening Activities
1.Listen to the recording and find out which famous person used to walk away from his guests during conversations.2.Listen to Part 1 and complete the summary by choosing the right words or phrases.3.Listen to Part 2 and complete the following table about reactions to eccentricity.4.Listen to Part 3 and check the best summary of the speaker’s own conclusion.4.Real World Listening 1 1)Describe.What do you know about these four people? Why are they famous? Discuss these questions in pairs.2)Get the main idea.Listen to each part separately and decide whether the sentences true(T)or false(F).5.Real World Listening 2 1)Predict.Listen to Part 1 and discuss in pairs to guess what kind of person Mathew is.Listen again and complete the summary.2)Now listen to Part 2 and complete the summary according to Mathew’s version of events.Have you views on Mathew changed? Discuss in pairs.Tapescript for Listening Task
[Part 1] Most of us want other people to think we are normal.So we dress in the same way as others and live in the same kinds of houses as our neighbors.We want to be liked and to have friends.We are polite when friends talk to us and get along well with the people at our job or in our school.We know that sometimes it is okay to act a little bit crazy;but mostly we want to fit in with the crowd, happy to be conventional.However, not everyone fits in with the crowd.Some people stand out from the crowd, they are unconventional, they may even be eccentric.In mathematics, the word eccentricity means the measurement of how much a round object is different from the shape of a perfect circle.Eccentricity for people is the same idea.Eccentricity is when a person acts very differently to what everyone else says is normal.Eccentric people seem to do strange and odd things.If you think of 研究生大学英语体验英语听说（下）教案
2014-2015学年第二学期
conventional people as smooth circles, perhaps eccentrics are egg shaped, or cones.In fact, you could say eccentrics are any number of different shapes because there are so many ways that eccentricity may be expressed.An eccentric may be someone who likes a hobby so much that she never spends any time doing anything else.Or, an eccentric might love to invent things, but all his inventions are useless.Some eccentrics wear the same kinds of clothes every day.Others live in oddly shaped house, or have more than two dozen cats, or refuse to throw anything away.[Part 2] Reactions to others’ eccentric can vary too.Some people appreciate how an eccentric will often have a strong opinion about something and not be afraid to share it.Some admire how an eccentric might refuse to do something just because everyone else is doing it.They may enjoy the amusing antics of an eccentric friend.But others are disturbed by how eccentrics act.These people emphasize the importance of conformity and promote the idea of peer pressure as a positive force.Whether a person’s eccentricity is approved of or not often seems to depend on the person’s standing in their community.There is a famous saying from an unknown author about this.It is: “Crazy people who are productive are geniuses.Crazy people who are rich are eccentric.But crazy people who are neither productive nor rich are just crazy.”
[Part 3] So what are you? A perfect circle? Or do you sometimes feel more like a cone? If a cone, you are not alone because none of us are perfect, no matter how much we want to be.We all have a little bit of eccentricity inside of us.And, that’s good.Experts believe that eccentric behavior makes us more creative, and for certain, history agrees.Some of the smartest, most inventive people in the world have been called eccentric.For example, did you know that Sir Isaac Newton was a famous eccentric? When people came to visit him, he used to wander off to work on his inventions while he was in the middle of talking to them.People thought this was strange, but nobody was laughing when he discovered the Law of Gravity.Of course, most eccentrics are not Sir Isaac Newton, but they still make life very interesting.
第四篇：大学体验英语听力下册教案
Experiencing English Advanced Listening and Speaking
Book II 大学体验英语听说教程
下册 Unit 1 International Conferences
Teaching Objectives: In this unit, students will listen to an introduction speech at an English Language Teaching Conference in the Listening Task section and a speech on mnemonics for real world listening.They are expected to find many useful concepts and practices for English language learning in this unit, so tell them to pay particular attention.Teaching Difficulties: 1.Students may encounter some difficult words while listening, and they are required to figure out the contextual meanings of these words.It takes time and the instructor has to take pains to gradually acquaint students the skill of how to understand unfamiliar words while listening.2.Students may come across difficulties of taking down notes while listening.The instructor has to pause while listening to tell the students how to jot down brief notes in process of listening comprehension.Teaching Procedures: 1.Warming-up exercise The purpose of this task is to draw students into the unit by asking them to reflect on their personal experiences and linking those with the unit topic.Instructors are advised to ask students as many questions as they can think of, relating to the conference a student talks about to the class.The purpose of your questions is to give the students an opportunity to speak up in English, and also to get students thinking about the unit topic.2.Vocabulary—Read and Choose strategy: n.a particular plan or method for winning success in a particular activity insight: n.deep understanding, the power of using one’s mind to understand something deeply effective: a.having a noticeable or desired effect;producing the desired result honored: a.feeling very proud and pleased principle: n.a general truth or belief that is used as a base for reasoning or action or for the development of further ideas overall: a.including everything
acclaimed: a.publicly praised by a lot of people currently: adv.at present fundamental: a.of or forming the basis or foundation of something;essential meticulous: a.very careful;with attention to detail fluency: n.the quality or condition of speaking a language very well issue: n.an important point;a point in question or a matter that is in dispute or may be argued about because of its importance 3.Listening Task Pre-listening Activity: Students are asked to present their problems in learning English and discuss these problems in pairs.Listening Activities: 1)First Listening
The chairperson at an International English Language Teaching Conference is introducing three speakers.Listen and choose the best summary of each introduction.2)Second Listening Who are the most likely to attend educational conferences? What do people share at an educational conference? Discuss the words below.Then listen to Part 1 of the introduction again and circle the words that are mentioned.Learning Strategies: Staying Motivated Studies have shown that motivation plays a huge role in learning and achievement.However, after many years of study, our enthusiasm can diminish.There are many ways to stay motivated and different methods to work well for different people.It’s important to find the method that works best for you.4.Real World Listening 1 1)Ingrid Anderson is giving her speech to the conference.Listen to Part 1 and complete the sentences.Then choose the sentence that best states what Ingrid will talk about in the rest of her speech.2)Listen to Part 2 and complete the outline of this part of Ingrid’s speech.3)Listen to Part 3 and complete the following tasks.5.Real World Listening 2 1)Listen to Part 1 and circle the best answer.2)Listen to Part 2.Which of the following is NOT one of Karl Grass’s concerns?
6.Post-listening Activity What would you ask if you were at the Q&A session with the three speakers? Look at the following three examples and then write down three questions of your own.7.Homework Students are asked to listen to Listening Tasks and Real World Listening materials one more time in their spare time.Tapescript for Listening Tasks:
Introducing Speakers at a Conference [Part 1] Host: Good evening ladies and gentlemen and welcome to the fifth annual International English Language Teaching Conference.Every year English language educators of all kinds—teachers, lecturers, researchers, authors and publishers—come from all over the world to share research results, strategies and fresh insights for effective English language teaching and learning.As usual, this year, we’re honored to have here some very highly regarded speakers, who are all leading experts in their fields.[Part 2] Host: We have three speakers tonight.Our first speaker this evening is Professor Ingrid Anderson.She will be talking about using mnemonics in vocabulary learning.Mnemonics are often mentioned as useful memory aids but how do they work? Ingrid Anderson will be telling us about some general principles behind mnemonics and how these principles can improve our overall learning.Ingrid Anderson has been an English language teacher for the past twenty-five years;she is the author of the widely acclaimed book Vocabulary and Language Learning and is currently a senior professor of ELT at The Institute of Foreign Languages in Shanghai.It’s my great pleasure to introduce to you Professor Ingrid Anderson.[Applause] Host: Mr.John Bhudrani will follow Professor Anderson to talk to us about another fundamental area of language—grammar.In particular John Bhudrani will be focusing on the confusing area of grammar and natural language.Why do some second language learners who pay meticulous attention to grammar, sometimes lack a natural fluency? John Bhudrani will be tackling this and other related issues in his speech.John Bhudrani’s career has taken him through twenty-two years of study, lecturing and research at Edinburgh University in the UK and Harvard University in the United States, where he is currently the head of the linguistics department.He wrote his Ph.D thesis on language teaching theory and is a leading expert in ELT pedagogy.Please welcome Mr.John Bhudranni.[Applause]
[Part 3] Host: Our final speaker will talk on a subject that teachers spend a great deal of time thinking about: motivation.Motivation has long been recognized as an important area of language learning—so how do educators create the best conditions to stimulate motivation? What can educators do when faced with a classroom of unmotivated students? Or, if a teacher is lucky enough to have well motivated students, how can that teacher get the most out of the students’ motivation? To help us find answers to these and other questions about motivation Ms.Naomi Green will be our third speaker.[Part 4] Host: Naomi Green is a highly effective and experienced language teacher.She started her career in ELT more than thirty-five years ago and since then has worked all over the world as a teacher and an administrator.She is currently the director of the British Council in Tokyo.She has a master’s degree in ELT and will soon complete a second master’s degree in applied linguistics at Reading University.She’s not only an excellent teacher but also an outstanding student of languages herself and is fluent in Spanish, French and Japanese.Ladies and gentlemen, please welcome Ms.Naomi Green.[Applause]
第五篇：九语下第六单元教案
21《曹刿论战》
学习目标：
1、积累文言文常用的实词、虚词、特殊句式。
2、把握本文以“论战”为中心组织材料、详略得当的特点。
3、分析曹刿和鲁庄公两个人物形象。体会作品的艺术魅力，理解课文的主旨。
4、学习曹刿的爱国精神。学习重难点：
1、积累古今义不同的实词；
2、体会课文剪裁得当的叙事特点。课时安排： 3课时 学习过程：
（一）导入：
三国时众多的以弱胜强、以少胜多的战役，比如：“赤壁之战”、“官渡之战”、“淝水之战”为什么弱者反而可以在战争中取胜呢？也许是人心所向吧？正义永远会战胜邪恶的。但是有这么一场战役比这几场还要早，曾受到毛泽东同志的称赞的战争，也许同学们已经知道了，那就是长勺之战。鲁国一个弱小的国家，为什么可以战胜如此强大的齐国呢？今天我们就来共同探险个究竟吧！请看课文《曹刿论战》。
板书： 曹刿论战《左传》
（二）新授：
1、学生依据课文注解了解《左传》，并作必要补充
《左传》是我国第一部叙事详细、完整的编年体史书。原名《左氏春秋》，又称《春秋左氏传》，相传是鲁国史官左丘明根据孔子写的鲁国历史《春秋》所编。与《公羊传》、《谷梁传》合称“春秋三传”。
2、听课文录音，解决常规问题（1）字词整理：
刿
间 鄙
弗
编
孚
乘
长勺
辙
轼
竭
盈 靡
夫 帛（2）请学生概括复述课文大意
鲁庄公十年春，齐国出兵进攻鲁国。当时齐强鲁弱。曹刿请见庄公，询问备战情况，随同庄公参战，大获全胜，曹刿为鲁庄公释疑解惑。
（3）请学生给课文梳理结构： 第一部分（第1段）第二部分（第2段）第三部分（第3段）
3、研读学习第一部分（1）疏通文意
①先对照文下注释，独自翻译全文（有疑难的作记号）。②与小组成员共同讨论，互相解决疑难的字、句。③小组内不能解决的疑难全班讨论解疑。
（2）问题探讨，以下问题先请学生独立思考，如不能解决的提出交全班讨论解决。①文中哪一句话点明曹刿请见的原因，从这句话中可以看出曹刿怎样的品质？（交流：爱国、深谋远虑，非“肉食者”）
②“何以战”这三个字唤起下文分析战争的条件，突出了曹刿重视战前的政治准备。鲁庄公认为要作哪几方面的准备呢？曹刿又是作山明评价的？
③进一步提问：为什么说“小大之狱。虽不能察。必以情”是“可以一战”的主要条件?（交流：因为民心向背是决定战争胜负的主要因素。这就突出表现了曹刿重视人民力量的政治远见。）
3.学习第二三部分内容
1、请学生齐声朗读第二，三部分内容
2、疏通文意
（1）先对照文下注释，独自翻译全文（有疑难的作记号）。
（2）与小组成员共同讨论，互相解决疑难的字、句。（3）小组内不能解决的疑难全班讨论解疑。
3、（1）在战争中，曹刿是怎样帮助鲁庄公选择反击时机的？（2）鲁国获胜后，“公闻其故”，曹刿的解释分几层意思？ 思考：学了课文后，你心目中的曹刿是一个怎样的人？
（三）练习
一.解释下列加点的词语。
1．肉食者谋之，又何间焉（）2．牺牲玉帛，弗敢加也，必以信（）
3．神弗福也（）4．小大之狱（）
5．战于长勺________公将鼓之________公将驰之________遂逐齐师_______ ＿＿＿
6．小惠未徧（）小信未孚（）公问其故（）望其旗靡（）
7．既克，公问其故（）（）8．彼竭我盈（）9．忠之属也()
10．何以战（）11．弗敢专也（）
二．用现代汉语翻译下列句子。
1．吾视其辙乱，望其旗靡，故逐之。
2．小惠未徧，民弗从也。
3．公与之乘。战于长勺。
4．小大之狱，虽不能察，必以情。
5．一鼓作气，再而衰，三而竭
6．肉食者谋之，又何间焉？
7．衣食所安，弗敢专也，必以分人。
8．小信未孚，神弗福也。
9．下视其辙，登轼而望之。
三．简答题
1．曹刿认为战争取得胜利的先决条件是什么？
答：＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿
2．选文写乡人对战争的冷漠态度和鲁庄公的见识浅陋是为了反衬曹刿的＿＿＿ 和＿＿＿。
3．曹刿在这场战役中的表现给了你哪些启发？
答：＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿
4．请分析“肉食者鄙，未能远谋”一句在文中的作用。
答：＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿
5．文章结尾一段表现了曹刿哪些方面的才能？
答：＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿
6．曹刿为什么要“下视其辙，登轼而望之”？这表现了曹刿什么样的特点？
答：
7．曹刿认为鲁国“可以一战”的条件是什么?
答：＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿
8．曹刿认为“肉食者鄙，未能远谋”。战前鲁庄公的“鄙”表现在哪里?请用自己的话概括回答。答：＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿
9．第一段就曹刿与鲁庄公的对话，联系全文，说说曹刿在对话中表达出来的主要意思。
10．曹刿“下视其辙，登轼而望之”的目的是什么？（用自己的话回答）第③段中，鲁庄公的“鄙”表现在哪里？（用原文回答）
答：＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿
11．齐军重兵压境，曹刿问“何以战”，鲁庄公前两次回答被曹刿否定，最后一答“小大之狱，虽不能察，必以情。”曹刿说：“可以一战”。从曹刿与鲁庄公问答的过程中，你认识到他们各是怎样的人？请用简要的语言概括。
答：＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿
12．从曹刿的论述来看，弱国战胜强国的必要条件有哪些？
答：＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿
13．曹刿不听乡人劝阻，执意请见的原因是什么？（用原文语句回答）
答：＿＿＿＿＿
14．在战前的谈话中，曹刿认可的是庄公的哪一句话？
答：＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿
15．长勺之战是中国历史上著名的以弱胜强的战役。作战中，曹刿两次抓住战机，出奇制胜，第一次是在＿＿＿＿＿＿之时，第二次是在＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 之时（用原文填空）。
16．曹刿的 “远谋”体现在哪里?请用自己的话从政治、军事两方面作简要分析。
答：
17．文中刻画人物采用的方法是什么？文中运用的主要写作方法又是什么？
答：
18．曹刿给你留下的最深刻的印象是什么？请结合全文说明理由。
答：＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿
三、《曹刿论战》试题精选答案
《曹刿论战》试题精选参考答案
一.解释下列加点的词语。
1参与 2祭祀用的猪、牛、羊等 3赐福，保佑 4案件 5．在击鼓
驱车（追赶）
于是；追赶、追击 6．同“遍”，遍及（普遍）；为人所信服（信服）；原因（缘故）；倒下 7．已经；战胜 8．“充满”或“士气正旺盛”.9．尽力做好本分的事10．凭借
11．独自占有
二．用现代汉语翻译下列句子。
1．我看见他们的车辙印混乱，望见他们的军旗倒下，所以追击他们。
2．这种小恩小惠不能遍及百姓，老百姓是不会听从您的。
3．鲁庄公与曹刿共坐一辆战车，（齐鲁两军）在长勺交战。
4．大大小小的案件，即使不能一一明察，也要以实情判断。（或：大大小小的案件，虽然不能件件都了解得清楚，但一定要处理得合情合理。）
5．第一次击鼓能够振作士气，第二次击鼓勇气衰退，第三次击鼓勇气已经消失了。
6．当权的人会谋划这件事，你又何必参与呢？
7．衣食一类养生的东西，我不敢独自享用，一定把它分给别人。
8．这种小信用不能受到神的信任，神灵是不会降福的。
9．（他）下车察看齐军战车的车辙（轮迹），登上车前的横木远望齐军的阵容。
三．简答题
1．政治上取信于民 2．爱国热情；深谋远虑
3．例如：①我们遇事要三思而后行，切不可莽撞行事。②对事物的正确判断应建立在仔细观察、周密分析的基础上。
4．（1）为下文写庄公张本（或“铺垫”）（2）衬托曹刿的远见卓识
5．作战中善于把握战机，注重观察敌情，做到知己知彼。
6．夫大国，难测也，惧有伏焉（担心齐国有埋伏）
表现了曹刿沉着、冷静、谨慎的特点
7．取信于民。或：小大之狱，虽不能察，必以情。
8．战前鲁庄公的“鄙”表现在把战争取胜的希望寄托在贵族的拥护和神灵的保佑上。(意思对即可。若谷原文“衣食所安，弗敢专也，必以分人”和“牺牲玉帛，弗敢加也，必以信”则不给分：若答这两句的翻泽，给1分。).9．只有尽心尽职才能取信于民，只有取信于民，得到人民的支持，才是战争取胜的基本条件。10．大国难测，怕有埋伏；通过考察敌情，弄清齐军退却真相，再决定是否追击齐军。既克，公问其故。
11．曹刿：具有爱国思想，且政治上拥有远见的卓识的人。
鲁庄公：政治上缺乏远见，目光短浅，但能善于纳谏
12．政治上取信于民；运用正确的战略战术和掌握时机。
13．肉食者鄙，未能远谋 14．小大之狱，虽不能察，必以情。
15．彼竭我盈，（故克之）；视其辙乱，望其旗靡，（故逐之）
16．政治上认为取信于民是作战的先决条件,军事上善于把握进攻和追击的时机。
17．语言描写 议论
18．有政治远见和卓越的军事才能。
政治远见表现在战前对可否一战的讨论。
军事才能表现在掌握战机，详察敌情，教学反思：
22《邹忌讽齐王纳谏》
【学习目标】：
1、认识除弊纳谏在当时的积极作用和在今天的借鉴意义。
2、了解《战国策》这部国别体史书的基本情况及其在中国文学和史学上的地位
3、理解和掌握文中重点文言词语的意义和用法。
4、提高借助语境推断文言实词意义的能力。
【学习重点】：
1、反复诵读中对文章的写作特色和劝谏技巧的领悟
2、本文记述了邹忌以自己的生活感受为喻，讽劝齐王纳谏除蔽的故事。如何较全面、正确地认识邹忌这个人物形象。
【学习难点】：
1、理解和掌握文中重点文言词语的意义和用法。
2、提高借助语境推断文言实词意义的能力。
【课时安排】：三课时
【学习过程】：
【课前预习】
一、作者作品
《战国策》是战国末年和秦汉间人编集的一部重要的国别体史书。作者已不可考，最初有《国策》《国事》《短长》《事语》《长书》《修书》等名称，经过西汉时期刘向整理编辑，始定名为《战国策》。全书共三十三篇，分国别编辑。
《战国策》的内容，主要记载战国时期各国谋臣策士游说诸侯或进行谋议论辩时的政治主张和纵横捭阖、尔虞我诈的故事，也记述了一些义士豪侠不畏强暴、勇于斗争的行为。《战国策》的作者在记叙历史事件时，过分夸张渲染谋臣策士的作用，有时为了突出纵横游说之士在历史事件中的决定作用，甚至编造一些情节，不免违背历史的真实。《战国策》长于议论和叙事，文笔流畅，生动活泼，在我国散文史上具有重要的地位。
二、背景材料
春秋战国之际，七雄并立，各国间的兼并战争，各统治集团内部新旧势力的斗争，以及民众风起云涌的反抗斗争，都异常尖锐激烈。在这激烈动荡的时代，士作为一种最活跃的阶层出现在政治舞台上。他们以自己的才能和学识，游说于各国之间，施展着自己治国安邦的才干。各国统治者也认识到，人心的向背，是国家政权能否巩固的决定性因素。失去了民心，国家的统治就难以维持。所以，他们争相延揽人才，虚心纳谏，争取“士”的支持。至于邹忌讽齐王纳谏的故事，于史无考。
三、相关人物
邹忌，齐国的谋臣，历事桓公、威王、宣王三朝，以敢于进谏和善辩著称。据史载，一次邹忌听齐威王弹琴，他就借谈论弹琴，阐述治国安民之道，齐威王听后，大为赞赏，封他为齐相。而当时的淳于髡（kūn）不服，就用隐语向邹忌提出了关于修身、处世、安民、用贤、治国五个难题，邹忌都能对答如流。辩论结束后，淳于髡对他的仆人说，看来这个人被破格重用的日子不远了。时过一年，齐威王果然封邹忌为成侯。邹忌不仅是一个能言善辩的雄辩家，而且是一个有远见的政治家。
齐威王，是一个很有作为的君王。据史载，他继位之初，好为淫乐，不理政事，结果“百官荒废，诸侯并侵，国且危亡，在于旦暮”。齐威王爱隐语，谋士淳于髡乃以隐语进谏曰：“国中有大鸟，止于王庭，三年不飞不鸣，王知此鸟何也？”齐威王听后顿悟曰：“此鸟不飞则已，一飞冲天；不鸣则已，一鸣惊人。”从此后，齐威王励精图治，修明政治，齐国大
治。
四、重要字词
纳谏（jiàn）
昳(yì)丽
朝(zhāo)服衣冠(guān)
窥(kuī)镜
期(jī)年
朝(cháo)于齐
间(jiàn)进
【课文导学】
一、导语：
唐太宗说：“以铜为镜，可以正衣冠；以古为镜，可以知兴替；以人为镜，可以明得失。”历代君主要成就一番霸业，身边没有几位敢进谏言的大臣是不成的；而劝谏能否奏效，一要看做君王的是否贤明，二要看谏者是否注意了进谏的艺术，使“良药”既“爽于口”，又“利于病”。战国时齐威王非常幸运遇到了这样一位贤臣——邹忌。而这位以雄辩著称的谋臣的讽谏之法更是令人叫绝。今天，我们就欣赏选自《战国策》的历史散文《邹忌讽齐王纳谏》。
二、疏通文意
1.初读课文：让4名学生轮流朗读课文，提醒学生注意读音、语气、句读（投影显示）
2.再读课文：教师从读音、语气、句读三个角度进行指导，让学生根据课文下的注解，理解字义、词义、句意。（投影显示教师重点强调的内容）
（1）．邹忌修八尺有余
（2）．“窥镜”的“窥”，本义是从小孔、缝隙或隐蔽处偷看，又引申为观察、侦察。
（3）．我孰与城北徐公美？
（4）．“孰”：古为“熟”的本字。本文的“孰视之”的“孰”，即用其本义的引申义，是“精审”，“孰视”是“定睛细看”。
（5）．齐地方千里
（6）．能面刺寡人之过者，受上赏。
（7）．数月之后，时时而间进；期年之后，虽欲言，无可进者。
3.三读课文：理清结构层次
教师在学生讨论的基础上小结：（投影显示）
第一段：（第1自然段）邹忌与徐公比美，发觉受蒙蔽。（提出问题）
第二段：（第2自然段）邹忌以自己受蔽的事讽喻齐主。（分析问题）
第三段：（第3、4自然段）纳谏的举措及结果。（解决问题）
三、合作探究（学生把预习中发现的问题在小组内讨论）。
1．为什么说邹忌进谏的方法很巧妙？邹忌为什么不“直谏”而要“讽喻”？
2．本文的题目是《邹忌讽齐王纳谏》，而作者却用占全文二分之一的篇幅去写邹忌和徐公比美，这是不是详略不当？
3.这突出了邹忌的什么特点？突出了齐王什么性格？
4.文中依次叙述“令初下”“数月之后”“期年之后”进谏者的人数，这是为什么？
5.邹忌进谏成功的原因在哪里？
四、拓展迁移
1.古今中外类似齐威王这样善于纳谏的人还有谁？你能讲给大家听一听吗？（学生思考后举手讲述，教师给以鼓励）
2.学习本文在今天有什么现实意义？（可从邹忌与齐王二人的品德修养和邹忌的语言艺术两个方面来谈，也可从其他方面来谈。）
五、课内基础知识总结
（一）解释下列词语
修
昳丽
窥镜
旦日
孰视之
吾妻之美我者
私我也
王之蔽甚矣
面刺
谤讥
时时而间进
期年
（二）词类活用：
1、朝服衣冠
2、吾妻之美我者，私我也
3、能面刺寡人之过者
4、闻寡人之耳者
（三）一词多义
1、修
a.乃重修岳阳楼（）
b.外结好孙权，内修政理（）
c.雨村便急忙修书（）
d.邹忌修八尺有余（）
2、朝
a.相如每朝时常称病
（）
b.燕、赵、韩、魏闻之，皆朝于齐
（）
c.于是入朝见威王
（）
d.朝服衣冠（）
3、孰
a.我与城北徐公孰美
（）
b.孰视之，自以为不如
（）
4、诚
a.臣诚知不如徐公美
（）
b.帝感其诚 《列子•愚公移山》（）
c.此诚危急存亡之秋也 诸葛亮：《出师表》
（）
d.今将军诚能命猛将统兵数万，与豫州协规同力，破曹军必矣（(四)古今异义
1。邹忌讽齐王纳谏
古：
今：讽刺
2。窥镜
古：
今：偷看
3。明日，徐公来
古：
今：明天
4。今齐地方千里
古：
今：地点
5。能面刺寡人之过
古：
今：用尖的物体进入或穿过 6。谤讥于市朝
古：
今：诽谤嘲讽
7。臣之妻私臣
古：
今：自私
8。宫妇左右莫不私王
古：
今：不，不要
古：
今：方位词
(五)翻译句子
1.此所谓战胜于朝廷
2.四境之内莫不有求于王
3.今齐地方千里，百二十城
4.邹忌讽齐王纳谏
5.我孰与城北徐公美?
6.群臣吏民能面刺寡人之过者，受上赏。
7.期年之后，虽欲言，无可进者
8.由此观之，王之蔽甚矣
教学反思：）愚公移山
学习目标：
1．积累文言文重要的实词、虚词，辨析一词多义。2．理解课文深刻的寓意。
3．把握愚公这一人物形象，体会对比，衬托手法的表达效果。学习重点：
1．积累文言文常用的词语，培养语感。2．理解本文的时代意义。学习难点：
1．培养多角度分析问题的能力。
2．理解神话结尾的作用，体会“京城氏之子”“跳往助之”这一细节的作用。学习方法：
诵读法
辩论法
品读法
延伸拓展法
理读法 引导学生积累常见的文言词语，包括古今异义词、多义词、通假字及常用虚词。学习要点
朗读课文，整体感知；译读课文，把握文意；思读课文，探究文章寓意；品读课文，鉴赏文章写法上的特点；研读课文，联系实际，总结升华 学习过程：
一、导语设计
愚公移山的故事家喻户晓，同学们耳熟能详，愚公移山这首歌恐怕也都吟唱自如。下面请欣赏画面，品味美妙的乐曲。
二、朗读课文，整体感知
1．学生齐读课文，教师提示句子停顿。
2．学生根据注释提示，借助工具书，疏通文句，圈点勾画难词难句。同桌之间讨论交流，教师巡视，答疑解惑。3．教师检查学生自学情况。
(1)指出下列句中的通假字并解释。
始一反焉 汝之不惠 亡以应 一厝朔东 无陇断焉
(2)对加点字的解释正确的一项是………………………………………()惩山北之塞 A．处罚 B．警戒 C．苦于
出入之迂也 A．绕远 B．迂腐 C．困难
指通豫南 A．指向 B．手指 C．一直
杂然相许 A．允许 B．赞成 C．答应
且焉置土石 A．哪里 B．乃、才 C．语气助词(3)一词多义
方七百里 年且九十 曾不若孀妻弱子
方其远出海门 且焉置土石 曾益其所不能
汝心之固，固不可彻 河曲智叟亡以应 惧其不已也
其如土石何 吾义固不杀人 今亡亦死，举大计亦死 帝感其诚 其妻献疑
以君之力。曾不能毁山之一毛
虽我之死。有子存焉
甚矣。汝之不惠
告之于帝(4)翻译下列句子。
①甚矣。汝之不惠!②遂率子孙荷担者三夫
③投渚渤海之尾。
④冀之南，汉之阴，无陇断焉。
4．教师播放教学图片，每显示一幅，学生用自己的语言描述或朗读课文相关片断。
第一幅：二山雄立图 第二幅：在家庭会议上
第三幅：毕力平险图 第四幅：愚公智叟辩难图
第五幅：神灵移山图
三、思读课文，理解寓意
1．学生分两组，展开课堂辩论。
辩题：愚公、智叟到底淮愚? 正方：愚公实愚
反方：智叟不智
辩词选摘：正方：愚公实愚
两座山雄伟高大．实难移走；愚公年且九十，山未移身先死。如何享利?全家人力量微弱，况且只有一个七八岁的孩子帮忙；工具落后，敲石挖土，用畚箕装了土石远运山外；路途遥远。运土石到渤海之尾，隐土之北。
反方：智叟不智
愚公痛感迂塞之苦，有艰苦奋斗的精神；”指通豫南，达于汉阴”，确知移山之利，有长期奋斗的思想准备；有子孙的支持，使移山之役得以顺利开始；深明可移之理，“子子孙孙无穷匮也，而山不加增”，有发展变化的观点；感动天帝，将山搬走，显示愚公移山力量之大，精神感人至深；智叟知难而止，无所作为，讥讽阻拦愚公移山是真正的愚。
教师总结：经过一番激烈的辩驳，愚公智叟孰智孰愚已成不争的事实，那就是愚公不愚，智叟不智。
2．提问：这是一篇古代寓言，它通过愚公移山成功的故事说明了一个什么道理呢? 学生讨论交流。
示例：要克服困难，就必须下定决心，只要坚持不懈，成功终会属于我们。
做任何事。都要有坚定的信念，要有恒心和毅力。
凡事预则立，不预则废。
大小、多少是相对的，都可以向自己的对立面转化，成功、失败亦如此。
四、品读课文，把握本文的艺术特征 1．提问：如何理解课文的神话结尾? 学生自由发言。
生1：这是作者迷信思想的反映。
生2：这反映了作者阶级的局限性。
生3：这是对愚公移山巨大力量和伟大精神的肯定和歌颂，也表达了古代人民借助想象、寄托于神话向自然斗争并取得胜利的愿望。这个神话结尾，增强了故事的艺术效果，使“愚公移山”的形象更为高大、感人。
教师点拨：神话不同于迷信，在生产力极不发达的社会条件下，人们只能幻想通过具有超人力量的神来帮助人类征服自然。这个神话式的结尾反映了古代劳动人民的美好愿望。
2．关于对比、衬托手法
学生讨论，明确：文中有多处对比，如愚公与智叟、京城氏之子和智叟、愚公之妻和智叟的对比。愚公有实现“指通豫南，达于汉阴”以造福人民大众和后代子孙的宏伟抱负，对人力的无穷尽怀有坚定信念；智叟只看到自然的威力，看不到人力的伟大，认
为愚公移山是“不惠之举”，两相对比，一个高尚，一个平庸。京城氏之子听说愚公移山就“跳往助之”，而智叟却“笑而止之”，对比之下，更显出智叟见解鄙陋，对造福千万人的事业的冷漠态度。愚公之妻对丈夫关心，提出合情合理的疑问；智叟表现出极度的轻蔑，嘲讽之意溢于言表，一“君”一“汝”，境界全出。
文中运用衬托的例子也不少，如写太行、王屋二山的高大，运土路程的遥远，一年返家一次对显现愚公的气魄，说明移山劳动的艰巨具有衬托作用。写操蛇之神的“惧”和天帝的“感”也从侧面反映了愚公的决心不可动摇。
五、研读课文，总结升华
教师提问：我们这个时代还需要愚公精神吗? 学生争相发言。
教师总结：
愚公精神的实质是排除干难万险不达目的决不休止。我们这个时代仍然需要这种精神。如果人人都只求眼前利益，哪里会有“神舟”五号的发射成功，非典、禽流感的防治?哪里会有我国近十年的辉煌成就?哪里会有时代的发展、人类的进步?让我们从愚公手里接过精神火把，点燃智慧，照亮前行的路。去追寻明天的太阳!
六、课堂小结
教师朗诵《愚公移山》歌词：
听起来是奇闻，讲起来是笑谈，任凭那扁担把脊背压弯，任凭那脚板把木屐磨穿。面对着王屋与太行，凭着是一身肝胆。
讲起来不是那奇闻，谈起来不是笑淡，望望头土：天外天，走走脚下一马平川，面对着满堂儿孙，了却了心中祈愿。
无路难呀开路更难，所以后来人为你感叹。
多媒体显示：没有比脚更长的路，没有比人更高的山。
学生齐读。结束全文学习。
七、布置作业
1．以“有志者事竟成——读《愚公移公》有感”为题，写一篇读后感。
2．有人说，愚公精神就是苦干精神，仅有苦干是远远不够的，苦干加巧干才等于成功。你如何评价这种观点，写一段话阐明你的观战场点。同步练习
一、基础积累部分
1．给下列黑体字注音：
万仞（）箕畚（）出入之迂（）匮乏（）冀州（）2．连词起连接作用，表示被连接部分之间的关系，指出下列连词所表示的关系。（1）面山而居。（2）聚室而谋。
（3）河曲智叟笑而止之。
（4）子子孙孙无穷匮也，而山不加增。3．解释下列句子中黑体字的意思。（1）惩山北之塞：
（2）汝心之固，固不可彻：
（3）命夸娥氏二子负二山：
（4）北山愚公者，年且九十：
（5）帝感其诚：
（6）孀妻弱子：
（7）聚室而谋日：
4．下列加点字注音完全正确的一项是()
A.惩(chãng)山北之塞(sâ)遂率子孙荷(hã)担者三夫
B.京城氏之孀(shuāng)妻 始龀(chân)，跳往助之
C.高万仞(rân)曾(chãng)不能损魁父之丘
D.河曲智叟(sòu)一厝(cuò)朔东
5．下列黑体字解释不完全正确的一项是()
A.杂然相许(赞同)
寒暑易节(交换)
B.何苦而不平(愁)
子子孙孙无穷匮也(穷尽)
C.而山不加增(加大)
惧其不已也(停止)
D.方七百里(周长)
其如土石何(用在“如„„何”前，起加强反问语气的作用)
6．下列句中加点的“之”用法不相同的一项是()
A.笑而止之
B.跳往助之
C.惩山北之塞
D.操蛇之神闻之
7．有与“河曲智叟亡无应”中“亡”字的用法不相同的一项是()
A.子子孙孙无穷匮也 B.甚至，汝之不惠
C.寒暑易节，始一反焉 D.一厝朔东
8．给下列各句找出正确的译文。
①帝感其诚()
A.天地感到了他的诚心 B.天帝被他的诚心感动了。
②遂率子孙荷担者三夫()
A.于是率领子孙和能挑担子的三个人。B.于是率领三个能挑担子的子孙。
③指通豫南，达于汉阴（）A.一直通向豫州南部，达到汉水南边 B.一直通向豫州南部，达到汉水北边 9．填空
（1）、《愚公移山》选自
，这是一篇
作品。（2）文章通过愚公移山的成功说明了
，的道理。
10．本文中有不少词语保存在现代汉语里，试将下面成语填完整。①奔腾不 ②移风 俗③诉 理性④真相 露
教学反思：
24《诗经》两首
学习目标：
1、了解关于《诗经》的基本知识。
2、反复朗诵诗歌，理解诗歌中蕴涵的思想感情。
3、揣摩体会重章叠句的表达方式，提高诗歌的鉴赏能力。学习重点：
1、反复朗诵诗歌，并能背诵诗歌。
2、理解诗歌中蕴涵的思想感情，学会鉴赏诗歌。课前准备：
学生：搜集有关《诗经》的基本知识，阅读其中的诗篇。教师：掌握有关《诗经》的基本知识，阅读其中的诗篇。学习过程：
一、导入新课
1、三到四名学生介绍自己所了解的《诗经》。
2、教师补充
《诗经》是我国第一部诗歌总集，共汇集了自西周初期至春秋中期大约五百多年间的诗歌三百零五篇。《诗经》中的作品都是在周武王灭商以后产生的。《周颂》的时代最早，是贵族文人的作品，以宗庙乐歌、颂神乐歌为主，也有描写农业生产的诗歌。《大雅》祭祀和宴会的乐歌居多，也有一些反映人民愿望的讽刺诗。《小雅》内容一部分与《大雅》相同，一部分跟《国风》相同，其中有不少好诗。《国风》是人民大众的口头创作，是《诗经》中的精华部分，有不少篇章揭露贵族统治集团对人民的压迫和剥削，也反映了人们的劳动生产情况和爱情生活。常用复沓的手法来反复咏叹，一首诗中的各章往往只有几个字不同，表现了民歌的特色。
以上三部分，《颂》有40篇，《雅》有105篇，《风》的数量最多，共160篇，合起来是305篇。古人取其整数，常说“诗三百（篇）”。
二、整体感知
1、《关雎》、《蒹葭》在《诗经》中的地位。
《关雎》是“周南”里的第一首诗，也是，《诗经》的第一篇，古人把它冠于三百篇之首，说明对它评价很高。诗歌所表达的感情质朴、真率，千年后读起来，还是那么清新动人。
《蒹葭》属于秦风，是三百篇中抒情的名篇，它独标一格，与其他秦诗大异其趣，绝不相类，是一篇玲珑剔透缠绵悱恻之作。
2、教师范读
教师范读诗歌，用以感染学生。范读之后，再一句一句地领读，使学生能读得比较顺畅，从而贯通诗意。
3、学生齐读诗歌，深入领会诗意。
三、研读赏析
精读《关雎》，思考下列问题：
1、诗歌表达了主人公怎样的思想感情？
明确：诗歌写了一个男子对一个女子的思念、追求过程，写他求之不得的痛苦和求而得之的喜悦。
2、全诗从内容上可以分为几章？
明确：可分为三章。首章见物起兴，直写自己的爱情和愿望。次章写自己的寤寐不忘。三章写愿望实现时的欢乐之情，实际上是向往之辞。
3、诗歌主要采用了哪些表现手法？
明确：这诗的主要表现手法是兴寄。所谓“兴”，即先从别的景物引起所咏之物，以为寄托。是一种委婉含蓄的表现手法。这种手法的优点在于寄托深远，能产生文已尽而意有余的效果。这首诗还采用了一些双声叠韵的连绵字，以增强诗歌音调的和谐美和描写人物的生动性。精读《蒹葭》，思考下列问题：
1、全诗三章，每一章在表达方式上有什么共同特点？
明确：每一章都是首二句写景，后六句抒情。全诗熔写景、抒情于一炉。
2、诗歌描绘了一种怎样的景象？表达了诗人怎样的心境？
明确：“蒹葭苍苍，白露为霜”，展现了一幅萧瑟冷落的秋景，给全诗笼罩了一层凄清落寞的情调。诗人抓住秋色独有的特征，不惜用浓墨重彩反复进行描绘，渲染深秋空寂悲凉的氛围，以抒写诗人怅然若失而又热烈企慕友人的心境。
3、诗歌运用了重章叠句的表达方式，在感情的表达上有什么作用？
明确：诗歌三章只换了几个词，内容基本相同，也极为单纯，写古今中外“永恒”的题材，男女恋爱。而且仅选取一个特定的场景：在那么一个深秋的清晨，有位恋者在蒹苍露白的河畔，徘徊往复，神魂颠倒，心焦地寻求他思恋的恋人，如此而已。但作品给予人的美感却非常丰富，使表达的感情愈来愈强烈。也体现了诗歌咏唱的音乐特点，增强了韵律的悠扬和谐美。
三、拓展延伸
1、《关雎》和《蒹葭》在风格和表现手法上有何不同？
《关雎》一诗着重于叙事，我们从诗中可以清晰地看到小伙子从爱上“窈窕淑女”到追求她，追求不到又在幻想中得到她这样一条线索。《蒹葭》中却没有明确的故事，第一章就写到主人公隔水远望，苦苦追寻，伊人却若即若离。第二章、第三章是第一章的反复咏叹，突出追寻之路的艰险与漫长，渲染主人公感情的绵长持久，表现出主人公不能够走近“伊人”，又永远点亮希望的感情状态。与《关雎》相比，《蒹葭》的感情韵味更浓郁。
在艺术手法上，《蒹葭》比《关雎》“兴”的特点更加突出。“蒹葭”“水”和“伊人”的形象交相辉映，浑然一体，用作起兴的事物与所要描绘的对象形成一个完整的艺术世界。开头写秋天水边芦苇丛生的景象，这正是“托象以明义”，具有“起情”的作用，因为芦苇丛生，又在天光水色的映照之下，必然会呈现出一种迷茫的境界，这就从一个侧面显示了诗的主人公心中的那个“朦胧的爱”的境界。主人公跟“伊人”并无交往，甚至还不知道对方的名字，但只要能够远望，便心满意足。“朦胧”和“距离”正是这首诗的动人之处。
2、完成课后练习题三
《关雎》和《蒹葭》：对美好爱情的追求和渴望 《木瓜》：情人之间互赠礼品，作为永结恩爱的信物
学生可根据理解谈出自己的观点和想法，只要言之成理，合乎情理即可。教学反思：
第六单元测试卷
一、基础演练(14分)1．下列注音不正确的一组是(2分)()A．仓廪(lǐn)嗜学(shì)好逑(hàoqiö）肉食者鄙(pǐ)．．．．． B．容臭(xiõ)逾约(yö)皲裂(jūn)小信未孚(fö)．．．． C．绮秀(qǐ)烨然(yâ)所恃(sì)关关雎鸠(jūjiū)．．．．． D．汩没(gǔ)夫战(fö)玉帛(bó)又何间焉(jiàn)．．．．2．下列句子中加点字解释完全正确的一组是(2分)()A．恐遂汩没(因)遂逐齐师(就)．． B．夫战，勇气也(发语词)且夫人之学也(再说)．． C．使君谢罗敷(请问)溯游从之(逆着水流方向走)．． D．皆言夫婿姝(美丽的样子)赐归待选(回家)．．3．下列加点的词的意义在句中有变化的一项是(2分)()A．衣食所安，弗敢专也，必以分人。B．牺牲玉帛，弗敢加也，必以信。．．．． C．且夫人之学也，不志其大，虽多而何为? D．太史公行天下，周览四海名山大川。．．．．4．下列句子中不含通假字的一组是(2分)()A．同舍生皆被绮绣 B．父母岁有裘葛之遗
C．四支僵劲不能动 D．鸡栖于桀，日之夕矣，羊牛下括 5．下列句子的字形、标点和课文相符的一项是(2分)()A．下视其辙，登轼而望焉，曰：“可以。”遂逐齐师。B．头上倭堕髻，耳中明月珠，缃绮为下裙，紫绮为上襦。C．百氏之书，虽无所不读，然皆古人之陈迹，不足以激发其志气。
D．其业有不精，德有不成者，非天资之卑，则心不若余之专耳，岂他人之过哉? 6．选出下列翻译中有错误的一组(2分)()A．故余虽愚，卒获有所闻。
译：因此即使我愚笨，但终于还能有所收获。B．岂尝执笔学为如此之文哉? 译：难道(他们)曾经拿起笔来故意学做这样的文章吗? C．一鼓作气，再而衰，三而竭。
译：第一次击鼓(能够)振作(士兵们的)勇气，第二次击鼓士气就低落了，第三次击鼓土气就丧尽了。
D．来归相怨怒，但坐观罗敷。
译：回来后互相抱怨，只因为贪看罗敷的关系，耽误了农活。7．下列说法中有误的一项是(2分)()
A．“行者见罗敷，下担捋髭须。少年见罗敷，脱帽著帩头。耕者忘其犁，锄者忘其锄。”几句，栩栩如生地描绘出罗敷的美丽超众非凡。这样的间接描写给读者留下了极其深刻的印象。
B．《上枢密韩太尉书》是一封求见信，写信人是刚满19岁的新科进士，收信人却是掌管着全国军政大权的枢密使韩琦。
C．曹刿认为，人民的支持是战争取胜的主要因素，所以他说：“小大之狱，虽不能察，必以情。”
D．宋濂是明初诗文三大家之一。他的《送东阳马生序》一文，先叙述自己青少年时求学的种种艰辛，可谓现身说法；然后联系马生求学的优越条件，从对比中很自然地得出结论，指明是否学有所成，关键在于自己的专心与否；最后赞许马生的谦虚好学，表达对他的期望和勉励之情。标题中的“生”，是平辈之间的称呼。
二、挑战阅读(46分)(一)(10分)
纪昌学射
甘蝇，古之善射者，彀(gòu，使劲张弓)弓而兽伏鸟下。弟子名飞卫，学射于甘蝇，而巧过其师。纪昌者，又学射于飞卫。飞卫曰：“尔先学不瞬，而后可言射矣。”
纪昌归，偃卧其妻之机下，以目承牵挺。二年之后，虽锥未倒眦而不瞬也。以告飞卫，飞卫曰：“未也，必学视而后可。视小如大，视微如著，而后告我。”
昌以氅悬虱于中牖(yǒu，窗户)，南面而望之。旬日之间浸大也三年之后如车轮焉以睹余物皆丘山也乃以燕角之弧朔蓬之竿射之贯虱之心而悬不绝。以告飞卫。飞卫高蹈拊膺(fǔyīng，拍胸)曰：“汝得之矣!”
8．解释下列加点的词在文中的意思。(4分)①纪昌归()②倒眦()③视微如著()④以睹余物．．．．()9．用“／”给文中画线文字断句。(注意：此题不要求加标点符号)(2分)旬日之间浸大也三年之后如车轮焉以睹余物皆丘山也乃以燕角之弧朔蓬之竿射之贯虱之心而悬不绝。
10．这则寓言选自《列子·汤问》。文中纪昌是向飞卫学射，为什么开头却写甘蝇的射技?(2分)答：____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 11．从文中看，纪昌是一个怎样的人?请谈谈你的看法。(2分)答：
_______________________________________________________________________________
(二)(10分)以五十步笑百步
梁惠王曰：“寡人之于国也，尽心焉耳矣。河内凶，则移其民于河东，移其襄于河内；河东凶亦然。察邻国之政，无如寡人之用心者；邻国之民不加少，寡人之民不加多，何也?”孟子对曰：“王好战，请以战喻：填然鼓之，兵刃既接，弃甲曳兵而走，或百步而后止，或五十步而后止+以五十步笑百步，则何如?”
曰：“不可，直不百步耳，是亦走也。”
曰：“王如知此，则无望民之多于邻国也。” 12．解释下列句中加点的词语。(4分)①河东凶亦然()③察邻国之政()②填然鼓之()④是亦走也 ．．．．()13．加点的字意思相同的两项是(2分)()A．寡人之于国也 B 移其粟于河内 ．． C．则无望民之多于邻国也 D．移其民于河东 ．．14．指出下列词语在文中的比喻意义。(2分)①五十步：___________________________________________ ②百 步：___________________________________________ 15．对文中四句话理解不正确的一项是(2分)A．第一句是梁惠王向孟子问疑的话。B．第二句是孟子直接解答粱惠王疑问的话。C．第三句是梁惠王回答孟子的话。D．第四句是孟子解答梁惠王疑问的话。(三)(12分)
红尘之上
岁末，照例有许多贺年卡飞来飞去，像候鸟一样。
飞向我的鸟儿，身上披着五彩缤纷的羽毛，还有无数的祝愿；从我手上飞走的鸟儿，却是小小一袭素羽，里面的话也简单，千篇一律的，写的是——
明月松间照，清泉石上流。
我的鸟儿大朴素ô既不富贵气也不现代派。我让它就这样飞向你，愿你明白这一种真挚。
我想了很久，该在那洁白的羽毛上抹上什么颜色?那么多的友朋，不同的亲疏、不同的期待与理解，我写什么呢?我厌恶那种不分青红皂白的热情的句子，透着虚假、肉麻。我更不想用东洋、西洋的文字把我的鸟儿涂得七彩斑驳，光怪陆离。
面对等侯起飞的白色鸟群，我竟微微凝眉沉思了。
仿佛一股清凉的气息拂来，一句遥远的诗句来到我心间。我微笑了，就是它吧。于是向每一袭羽毛抹上这淡远而润泽的墨痕。．．
我不禁想起你们那一张张熟悉的脸，想起我们在漠漠红尘中平淡或奇特的相遇，怎么交换第一朵微笑、第一瞬凝望，然后在彼此生命的画纸上留下深深浅浅、枯枯润润的痕迹。
明月松间照，清泉石上流。这是我向往的画面，我迷恋的音乐，把它送给你，你会明白吗? 给你，聪明而不安定的女孩。人生不可能有大多的狂喜大悲，在这里找不到的浪漫奇情，在别处、在远方也依然是海市蜃楼。流浪的日子是累人的，而你为此，已投掷了不少黄金韶华。真要把所有的青春千金一掷，作一次豪赌吗?为什么不回到起始的单纯?一切的一切，听其自然，如松间明月朗朗地照，如石上清泉涓涓地流，不好吗? 对你，这句诗是一种宁静、淡泊的人生态度，你喜欢吗? 给你，我朝夕共事的朋友。我们原该相知很深的，但也许大熟悉了，反而无法真正沟通。一株柳树与一株水杉，栽得更近也无法彼此了解。但我们不是草木，我们为什么这样?真想让你明白：我无意与人竞争什么，也不想在某个光圈中成为聚光点。我只想在自己的围墙之内，让我的心灵自由生长，迎风开出素淡的花。可我不能解释，因为那也许低看了你。
对你，这句诗是一种无须防范、了无芥蒂的默契。你会珍惜吗? 给你，一个特别的男孩。在所有的感情中，你都无法安于一个角色，可大幕落下你又觉得孤寂难耐。你频繁地接近那些赏心悦目的女性，又时时告诫自己：你是不可能真正付出什么的。这种诱惑与抗拒的游戏，你把它当成一杯咖啡，先煮沸，再等它凉，苦的液体，加上糖，然后不冷不热，亦苦亦甜地啜饮。
对你，这句诗是一种单一洁净，不染尘埃的人间情怀。你能领悟吗? 最后，给你，我亲爱的人。
我把这句诗直接寄上，连依托的翅膀都不用了。我想你知道，我多想走出这个千年好梦，找一段树根为枕，静静藉草而眠，让泉水在我身畔流淌，松针在我身上堆积。这时，我的心中只有一片安谧、温柔，不知道什么叫忧虑，什么叫复杂。连你我的名字也模糊了，如云如雾如烟如岚，在山间若隐若现地浮动。
对你，这句诗是什么?物我两忘、浑然天成的憧憬吗?仅仅是这样吗? 我只知道，在十丈红尘之上，有这样一个去处，安宁、纯净、隽永，亘古不变。
于是向片片白羽抹上这淡远而润泽的墨痕：明月松间照，清泉石上流。
16．“红尘”泛指“人世间”。文中的“女孩”“同事”“男孩”在“漠漠红尘”各是怎样的人?(3分)女孩：___________________________________________。
同事：___________________________________________。
男孩：___________________________________________。
17．第17段画线句子中的“千年好梦二是指——(用文中的语句回答)；作者想“走出这个千年好梦”的原因是___________________________________________。(3分)
18．从全文来看，标题“红尘之上”的含义是________________________________________________________________________________________。(2分)19．下列说法与原文意思不相符的两项是(2分)()A．文中所有的“鸟儿”“鸟群”都是喻指贺年片，喻体“候鸟”的特点就是每到一定的时候便飞来飞去。
B．第2段中“小小”“一袭”“素”“简单”等词语，突出表明“我”厌恶不分情由的热情和虚假的客套，追求“君子之交淡如水”的境界。
C．第7段中“它”和“墨痕”所指的内容是不同的；“淡远”是指时间的久远，“润泽”是指感情浓郁。
D．第12段画线的句子表明“我”不想成为众人瞩目的对象、无意与人纷争、只想在自己的天地里自由生活的愿望。
E．本文脉络清晰，王维的两句诗贯穿始终，是全文的线索；作者在文中借这两句诗表达了自己对人生的理解，它和王维这两句诗的原有涵义是完全一样的，20．如果你也选两句诗(王勃的《杜少府之任蜀州》一诗除外)制成贺年片来表达你的祝愿，你准备把它寄给谁，为什么?(2分)答： __________________________________________________________(四)(14分)
成功并不像你想象的那么难
1965年，一位韩国学生到剑桥大学主修心理学。他常到学校的咖啡厅或茶座听一些成功人士聊天，、他们当中有诺贝尔奖获得者，某一领域的学术权威和一些创造了经济神话的人。这些人幽默风趣，举重若轻，把自己的成功都看得非常自然和顺理成章。时间长了，他．．．．发现，在国内时，他被一些成功人士欺骗了。①那些人为了让正在创业的人知难而退，普遍把自己的创业艰辛夸大了，他们在用自己的成功经历吓唬那些还没有取得成功的人。
于是，他就对韩国成功人士的心态加以研究。他把《成功并不象你想像的那么难》作为毕业论文，提交给现代经济心理学的创始人威尔·布雷登教授。教授大为惊喜，认为这是一个新发现，这种现象虽然普遍存在，但此前还没有一个人大胆地提出来并加以研究。
后来这本书伴随着韩国的经济起飞而流传开来，这本书鼓舞了许多人。它从一个新的角度告诉人们，成功与“劳其筋骨，饿其体肤”、“三更灯火五更鸡”、“头悬梁，锥刺股”没有必然的联系。只要你对某一事业感兴趣，长久地坚持下去就会成功，因为上帝赋予你的时间和智慧够你圆满做完一件事情。后来，这位青年也获得了成功，他成了韩国泛亚汽车公司的总裁。
我没有读过这本在韩国曾引起轰动的书，但凭我的人生经历，我已经感知到了它要说的一些道理：②人生中的许多事，只要想做，都能做到；该克服的困难，也都能自己克服，用
不着什么钢铁般的意志，更用不着什么技巧或谋略。只要一个人还在朴实而饶有兴趣地生活着，他终究会发现，造物主对世事的安排，都是水到渠成的。(节选自《读者》2001年．．．．8月)21．文中画线①句反映了“韩国成功人士”——的心态。(2分)22．根据语境，解释文中加点词语的含义。(3分)①举重若轻：___________________________________________。
②水到渠成：___________________________________________。
23．文中画线②句是否真的说什么事都用不着“钢铁般的意志”、用不着“技巧和谋略”?此话是针对什么问题说的?作者的用意是什么?(3分)答______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 24．通读全文后，可以看出作者对成功问题的观点是_____________________________________。文章主要采用___________________________________________阐明道理。(4分)25．文中告诉我们，从一个新的角度思考，就可以引出新的观点。请从下列成语中任选一个，变换角度提炼出言之成理的观点。(2分)“铁杵磨成针”或“名师出高徒”
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
三、创新作文(60分)有时，我们想得到理解。有时，我们想改变自己。有时，我们要宽容别人。有时，我们想活得轻松。有时，我们想享受阳光„„
请以《我想______________》为题写一篇作文。要求：①可从以上一句话中选择关键词语将补全作文题，也可以另选其他词语；②题目自拟，除诗歌外文体不限；③文中不得出现真实的校名、地名、人名；④不少于600字。
第六单元测试卷参考答案
1．A 2．A 3．C 4．B 5．C 6．A 7．C 8．①回家；②眼眶；③明显；④看 9．旬日之间／浸大也／三年之后／如车轮焉／以睹余物／皆丘山也／乃以燕角之弧／朔蓬之竿射之／贯虱之心／而悬不绝 10．为了突出飞卫射箭技艺的高超 11．纪昌是一个谦虚好学的人 12．①饥荒；③了解；②击鼓；④奔跑，逃跑 13．B D 14．①梁惠王移栗，抗灾御凶的权宜之计；②邻国之政 15．B 16．为追求浪漫奇情而虚度青春年华；因竞争而对人防范心存芥蒂；想得到别人的感情却不付出真情 17．明月松间照，清泉石上流(或“如松间明月朗朗地照，如石上清泉涓涓地流”，等等)；不想逃避现实、消极遁世，而是
要执着追求，希望在现实中实现自己所追求的美好理想18．人要有高尚的精神追求，要努力使现实社会变得更加纯洁美好 19．BC 20．此题无标准答案，按下列答题要点分别给分。①有恰当的两句诗，给合适的对象；②理由充分，言之成理；③语句通顺，没有语病 21．不愿意别人超过自己(惟恐别人后来居上)22．①比喻以轻松自若的积极态度克服困难而取得成功；②比喻功到自然成 23．不是。此话是针对“那些人为了让正在创业的人知难而退„„吓唬那些还没有取得成功的人”说的(或“针对有人故意夸大困难，让人产生畏难情绪时说的)作者的用意是鼓励人们不要害怕困难，要相信自己经过努力能够取得成功 24．只要你对某一事业感兴趣，长久地坚持下去就会成功(或：“只要一个人还在朴实而饶有兴趣地生活着，他终究会发现，他的成功是水到渠成的)；举事实(举事例、或：摆事实)法 25．示例：铁杵何须“磨”针、办事应讲究效率；名师未必出“高徒”、高徒未必都出自“名师”„„
教学反思：
点击咨询 