英语听力-Test4

第一篇：英语听力-Test4

Test 4

• 11.W: I thought you were going to drive carefully so you wouldn’t get a traffic ticket.• M: I was, but it didn’t work out that way.• Q: What happened to the man on that day?

• 12.M: I don’t think Jim particularly likes his cousin.What do you say? • W: You are smart.There have been hard feelings between them for years, but no one knows the • Q: What does the woman say about Jim and his cousin?

details.• 13.M: I can’t find the kind of jogging shoes I want anywhere in the town.• W: Why not order them from a catalog? It’s easier than running around town looking for them.• Q: What does the woman suggest that the man do? • 14.W: Have you had a chance to wear your new shirt yet? You must look good in it.• M: That reminds me.I’ve been meaning to exchange it for a larger size.• Q: What does the man imply about the shirt? • 15.W: Are you going to the post office for stamps or to pick up a package? • M: Neither, I left a letter for the postman to collect yesterday, but he forgot.And it has to be mailed today, so I’d better hurry.• Q: What will the man do?

• 16.W：Which of these sweaters do you like better? • M: That is not an easy question for me to answer, since this one isn’t my favorite color and the other one is too fancy for me.• Q: What conclusion can be drawn from the man’s answer? • 17.W: Hi, George.Could you give me a ride? I want to buy some food for the picnic.• M: OK.I’m going home, but I can drop you at the supermarket.• Q: What does the woman want to do?

• 18.W: These tomatoes are huge!You must have watered them a lot!• M: Yes, I did.They ought to be ripe enough to pick by the next Friday when we have our picnic.• Q: Where did the conversation most probably take place？

W: I often read two newspapers, Washington Post and The Sun.What about you? M: I will buy the newspaper whose headlines catch my eyes in the front page.Do you buy the two newspapers every day? W: Yes, that way I’m sure not to miss my favorite sections.Doesn’t the size of the daily paper surprise you?

• M: Yes, it certainly does.The newspaper staff—the reporters, writers, editors, and linotype operators—must be busy continuously.They need a large circulation to support such a staff, don’t they? • W: I’m sure they do.Of course, much of a newspaper’s income comes from advertisements.• M: That’s true.You try to read the whole paper, don’t you?

W: No.I just read the parts that interest me.I glance at the headlines, but I read the sports page and the business section carefully.Do you read those? M: No, but I do read the editorials and news section.You saw the article about the earthquake in Japan, didn’t you?

W: Yes.That was a terrible disaster.Do you think newspapers should print stories like that?

M: Certainly they should!They’re part of the news of the day and people want to know about them.Don’t you agree?

W: Yes, I suppose disasters are news, too.It seems to me that newspapers would be more pleasant to read if the had a large society section and more comic strips.Don’t you like to read articles about celebrations and happy events? M: Yes, I enjoy reading them.But since you don’t like to read unhappy news, why do you subscribe to two newspapers? If I were you, I wouldn’t read a newspaper at all.• Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you’ve just heard.• 19.What sort of newspaper will the man buy? • 20.What surprises the speakers? • 21.Which part of the newspaper does the woman usually read? • 22.Why doesn’t the woman enjoy reading about disasters in the daily newspaper?

•(Knock, knock…)• M: Come in.• W: Good morning, Mr.Brown.• M: Oh, come in, Mary.I’ve been expecting you.Take a seat.• W: Thanks.• M: And what can I do for you? • W: Well, I was thinking about taking a year off after we finish school this summer, and I wanted some advice.• M: I see.You mean putting off going to university for a year? • W: That’s right.I’ve been offered a place at London University, but what I’d really like to do is take • • • • • a year out first—do something different, maybe go abroad.M: So were you thinking of getting some sort of job, or traveling around? I mean, is your main aim to earn some money, or to do something else? Or do you want to do a bit of both?

W: I’d really like to travel –but I don’t have any money.But I’ve heard of an organization called Peterson International—and that’s what I want to ask you about.Do you know anything about it? M: Sure.It’s a charity and it’s aimed very much at young people like you, and what they do is to get teams of young people to work together on various projects all over the world –environment projects, community projects, that sort of thing.W: Um, it sounds great.Is it just English people on the projects? M: No, they’re international teams.You’d be working with quite a variety of people.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you’ve just heard.•

• 23.When does Mary want to take a year off? • 24.What project does Peterson International carry out? • 25.Where do the people in the Peterson International teams come from?

The days of the hunter are almost over in India.This is partly because there is practically nothing left to kill, and partly because some steps have been taken, mainly by banning tiger-shooting, to protect those animals which still survive.Some people say that Man is a natural hunter.I disagree whit this view.Surely our earliest forefathers, who at first possessed no weapons, spent their time digging for roots, and were no doubt themselves often hunted by meat-eating animals.I believe the main reason why the modern hunter kills is that he thinks people will admire his courage in overpowering dangerous animals.Of course, there are some who truly believe that the killing is not really the important thing, and that the chief pleasure lies in the joy of the hunt and the beauties of the wild countryside.There are also those for whom hunting in fact offers a chance to prove themselves and to risk death by design;these men go out after dangerous animals like tigers, even if they say they only do it to rid the countryside of a threat.I can respect reasons like these, but they are clearly different from the need to strengthen your high opinion of yourself.The greatest big-game hunters expressed in their writings something of these finer motives.One of them wrote ―You must properly respect what you are after and shoot it cleanly and on the animal’s own territory.You must fix forever in your mind all the wonders of that particular day.It is better than letting him grow a few years older to be attacked and wounded by his own son and eventually eaten, half-alive, by other animals.Hunting is not a cruel and senseless killing—not if you respect the thing you kill, not if you kill to enrich your memories, not if you kill to feed your people.‖

I can understand such beliefs, and can compare these hunters with those who hunted lions with spears and bravely caught them by the tail.But this is very different from many tiger-shoots I have seen, in which modern weapons were used.The so-called hunters fired from tall trees or from the backs of trained elephants.Such methods made tigers seem no more dangerous than rabbits.Questions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you’ve just heard.26.Why is there no more hunting in India now? 27.What is the main purpose of modern hunters’ killing? 28.What do we learn about the big-game hunters? 29.What is the speaker’s view on the tiger-shoot he has seen?

Diet, diet, diet!It gets to be a constant battle for many of us to stay fit and healthy.But diets don’t always allow us to learn new eating habits, improve our self-image, or make lifestyle changes.Developing good eating habits and proper exercise is a permanent issue.And it’s the main topic of this workshop.In order to keep a healthy diet and minimize the risk of disease, it’s essential to eat a diet that consists of low-fat foods and to maximize energy with carbohydrates.Beef, nuts, oils, and most dairy products are rich in fat, so you should eat less of those;while pastry, rice, potatoes, and bread contain almost no fat and are a high-energy source of complex carbohydrates.You know that many food manufactures use sugar to make low-fat or fat-free foods taste good, but don’t worry too much about that.You don’t necessarily ―get fat‖ by eating sugar, since sugar is an indirect fat.When you exercise, carbohydrates are the first calories to burn.If you want to burn off fat, it’s good to do some sort of aerobic exercise such as biking, swimming, running, or fast waking.But you have to keep doing this exercise for at least twenty minutes because it takes about that long before we start to burn fat.And then the effect of burning fat decreases after 45minutes of exercise.So if you do some sort of aerobic exercise for three to four days a week for about thirty to forty minutes, you’ll have an effective schedule for reducing weight.Questions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you’ve just heard.30.According to the speaker, which will burn most quickly with exercise? 31.What does the speaker say is burned at the beginning of exercise? 32.According to the speaker, what is the most effective exercise time schedule for reducing weight?

From the earliest times, the sea has been a place of secrets—a place of mysteries hidden from us by thousands of kilograms of water.The early Greeks sailed the oceans.They wrote about the seas.But since they could not dive deep into the waters, they could not lat bare these secrets and so the secrets remained.But today we have more ways to study the sea than did the early Greek.Scientists are learning about life in the sea, and how it may improve life on land.The study of sea plants and sea animals may help us learn new ways of getting food.Scientists are searching the ocean floor for oil and gas, to keep our world running smoothly.And they are also learning how not to pollute the oceans.For if the sea dies, so does life on earth.The sea may even become our home some day.People are studying ways to build cities on the ocean, and make more room to live in an overcrowded world.Modern study was done, at first, by divers.But it was too dangerous for divers to keep diving and coming to the surface.So now, laboratories on the ocean floor are the homes for divers for months on end.Divers can work outside in the water and return to the laboratory to eat and sleep.Little by little, we are solving the mysteries of the deep.Little by little, the sea is showing us how we can live a better life on land.Questions 33 to 35.33.Who wrote about the seas in early times? 34.What kept early people from understanding the sea? 35.What happens if the sea dies? 36.recently 37.decide 38.awareness 39.rising 40.improved 41.lowered 42.survive 43.thus leaving even less for the people in the underdeveloped areas to survive on 44.there are striking regional differences in the population growth trends 45.which at present contains about 3/5 of the people in the world

第二篇：试题 Test4

Model Test 4

Section A

Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations.At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said.Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once.After each question there will be a pause.During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C)and D), and decide which is the best answer.Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.11.A)He would rather decide later.

B)The woman set the meeting date.

C)He will locate another place to meet.

D)The woman can come to either session.

12.A)She didn’t notice the poster collection.

B)Betty probably made the posters.

C)The collection doesn’t belong to Mary Ann.

D)Mary Ann’s posters are very attractive.13.A)He’s been playing the fiddle.

B)He’s in excellent health.

C)He’s been rehearsing music.

D)He’s now able to fit into his old clothes.

14.A)He thought the store had delivered it.

B)He thought he’d better store it for the party.

C)He didn’t live near the store.

D)He asked the store to deliver it.15.A)Go right into the office.

B)Come back at four.

C)Wait a short time.

D)Change the appointment.16.A)The new teacher is sick.

B)He hasn’t met the teacher yet.

C)There are three new teachers.

D)He didn’t like the teacher.17.A)Get off the floor.B)Go out.

C)Stand up.D)Hang up.18.A)He thinks the woman would like to swim.

B)He wants the woman to make some plans.

C)He has already gone swimming.

D)He has his suitcase packed.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19.A)Purchase her plane ticket.

B)Change her plane ticket.

C)Pick up a passport application form.

D)Arrange for her accommodations in Europe.20.A)Three weeks.B)One month.

C)Three months.D)Over a year.

21.A)He’s spoken to him on the phone.

B)He stayed in his apartment one summer.

C)He went to a summer trip with him.

D)He used to work with him.

22.A)Leave it vacant.

B)Rent it to the man she’s talking with.

C)Rent it to Jim Thomas.

D)Ask her landlord to sublet it.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.23.A)Why Tom needs to get glasses.

B)The research Tom has done for his chemistry.

C)The disadvantages of working in an office.

D)How one’s eyes are affected when a computer is used.24.A)It helps the eyes absorb eye drops.

B)It helps to keep the eyes moist.

C)It improves a person’s concentration.

D)It prevents a buildup of chemicals in the eyes.25.A)He has been working for a long time.

B)He doesn’t know how to use a computer.

C)He doesn’t want to write the paper.

D)He never studies hard.Section B

Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages.At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions.Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C)and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage One

Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.

26.A)Because he lacked practice in public speaking.

B)Because he felt his education was inadequate.

C)Because he didn’t like arguing and debating with people.D)Because he felt the others were being impractical.

27.A)Because he did not like the country.

B)Because he was too busy to travel.

C)Because he could not communicate directly with the French leaders.D)Because he did not know any French leaders.28.A)It was of great variety.

B)It was probably equal to those of most young gentlemen of his time.C)It may seem poor by modern standards, but was good enough for his time.D)It was rather limited for a president.Passage Two

Questions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.

29.A)She married Samuel Edison in Canada.

B)She was a school teacher.

C)Her father was a minister.

D)She took part in the Canadian Rebellion.30.A)In Milan, Ohio, in 1847.

B)In the wildness country in 1847.

C)In Canada in 1837.

D)In England in 1837.31.A)Thomas’s being dreamy and quiet.

B)Thomas’s being stupid.

C)Thomas’s loving to make experiments.

D)A teacher’s accusation of Thomas’s being stupid.Passage Three

Questions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.32.A)Computers have become part of our daily lives.

B)Computers have advantages as well as disadvantages.

C)People have different attitudes to computers.

D)More and more families will own computers.33.A)Computers can bring financial problems.

B)Computers can bring unemployment.

C)Computers can be very useful in families.

D)Computerized robots can take over some unpleasant jobs.34.A)Computers may change the life they have been accustomed to.B)Spending too much time on computers may spoil people’s relationship.C)Buying computers may cost a lot of money.

D)Computers may take over from human beings altogether.35.A)Affectionate.B)Disapproving.

C)Approving.D)Neutral.Section C

Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times.When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea.When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard.For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information.For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words.Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.barely ten years old when my dad gave me the responsibility of(38)feeding the chicken and cleaning out the stable.He it was important for me to have those jobs to

and then went to(43)and sang until 2 in the morning.It wasn't long before I became known as the singing cook.(44)I__________________________________________ night, a woman executive from the Warner Brother's Records came to hear me sing.When the show was over, we sat down and talked, and after she left, I said to myself that's one more rejection.(45)________________________________________________________________________ Soon after I released my first record in June, 1986.It sold over 2 million copies.way today, even though I have become a well-known singer.

第三篇：英语听力

学生场景

freshman大一学生sophomore大学二年级生, 有二年经验的junior student大三学生senior student大四学生，高年级学生

undergraduate student 本科生graduate student / postgraduate student 研究生

master‘s degree硕士学位bachelor’s degree学士学位

doctor student / doctor candidate 博士研究生 post doctor student博士后

alumni / alumnus（男）毕业生

老师场景

professor教授teaching fellow 讲师assistant

tutor / mentor / director / supervisor 导师president校长faculty全体教职员工

dean 系主任department 系staff全体员工(商店、企业)

上课、选课、听讲座、听报告场景

take/sign up the course选课drop the course 退课

register注册pick up = learncancel取消full报满lecture讲座seminar讨论班

elective course / elective course /optional course选修课

requirement / required course /compulsory必修课

credit学分introductory course初级课程advanced course高级课程

math数学computer course计算机psychology course心理学

physics物理学economics经济学computer science计算机科学

sociology社会学geology地质学chemistry化学

biology生物学biochemistry生物化学science理科

art文科engineering 工科

homework / assignment / projectbook report读书报告presentation课堂发言

reading list书单turn in / hand in hand 上交deadline最后期限

due到期extension延期

essay小论文thesis中论文dissertation大论文

term paper学期报告proposal开题报告

考试场景

Exam

mid-term exam期中考试

finalexam 期末考试

quiz测验

pop quiz不提前通知的考试

grade / score 分数

pass及格

passing grade及格分

failing grade失败

make up exam补考

cheat作弊

图书馆场景

shelf书架stack书库copier复印机

reference room参考书阅览室periodical room期刊阅览室study lounge 自习室reading room阅览室librarian图书管理员

catalogue书目index索引volume卷，宗 library card借书卡writing permission书面许可 book reservation 借书check out外借

overdue

超

期

renew续借fine罚款return还书 put on reserve被限制在馆内阅读magazine杂志journal期刊periodical期刊quarterly季刊current issue现刊back issue过刊author作者subject题目title名字key words关键字

常用地点英语

1.餐馆场景

restaurant餐馆dining hall食堂cafeteria自助餐厅

bar酒吧inn小旅馆，小客栈motel汽车旅馆 fast food快餐店snack food小吃snack bar快餐店

pizza hut必胜客sandwich三明治hamburger汉堡burger king汉堡王French restaurant法式餐厅Italian restaurant意式餐厅

食品：

buffet自助餐salad沙拉soup汤eat soup喝汤soup spoon汤匙sauce汁，酱dessert甜点main dish主菜pudding布丁dressing调味汁doughnut面包圈French bread法式面包a loaf 一条面包toast土司jam果酱apple pie苹果酱

potato chips土豆fish and chipsFrench fries炸薯条yoghourt酸奶steak牛排

soft drink软饮料soda water苏打水orange Juice橘汁mineral water矿泉水lemon juice柠檬wine酒liquor烈酒beer啤酒a cup of beer一杯啤酒

动作：

menu菜单

order dishes点菜 bring me the menu看菜单 recommendation推荐，招牌菜

付账：

pick up the bill买单 I will pick up the table.Let me treat you.Let me foot the bill.It's on me.I will buy the bill.AA制

Let's go fifty-fifty.separate checks split the bill tip小费

Let's go Dutch.各人付自己的帐 2.医院场景 医生：

内科医生physician外科医生surgeon牙科医生dentist

医院的部门名称：

候诊室waiting room急诊室emergency department小诊所clinic 医疗中心health center校医院infirmary

常见的生病症状：

症状symptom感冒catch a cold病愈get over发烧 fever温度temperature咳嗽cough

流鼻涕running nose肚子痛stomachache头痛headache

过敏be allergic to心脏病heart attack骨折fracture脚踝ankle流血bleeding

常见的设施：

体检check up / physical examination 体育锻炼physical education

常见的药品：

阿斯匹林aspirin药品medicine剂量dosage吃药 take the pill药方 prescription打针 injection抓药fill the prescription一天三次 take the pills three times a day

3.机场与车站场景、旅游场景 机场场景

机场airport起飞take off降落land盘旋circle 行李luggage登机门boarding gate / departure gate登机牌boarding pass离港departure起飞时间departure time

机场费airport fare办理登记手续check in

行李柜台baggage counter头等舱first-class经济舱economy class 商务舱business class准点到达arrive on schedule 晚点（到达）behind schedule延误，取消cancel 预定航班make a reservation 旅游场景

旅游trip，tour

假期vacation

预定饭店make a hotel reservation 去度假leave for a vacation 旅行社travel agency 观光go sightseeing 避暑胜地summer resort 夏威夷Hawaii

悉尼歌剧院Sydney opera house

带某人四处逛逛I will show you around 饭店接待hotel accommodation

4.银行场景、邮局场景 银行场景 银行bank

户头account开户open an account 支票帐户check account 支票check

旅游支票traveler's check 帐单bill

付账pay the bill 兑现支票cash a check 取钱draw 透支overdraw

出纳员teller活期存款 current deposit定期存款fixed deposit

邮局场景

邮局post office平信regular mail挂号信registered mail邮票stamp邮资postage电报telegram加急电报urgentcable超重overweight快递EMS（Express Mail Service）

联合包裹快递服务UPS（United Parcel Service）

5.租房子、住宾馆场景 宾馆场景

宾馆hotel小旅馆，小客栈inn汽车旅馆motel订房间book / make a reservation 订满booked up / occupied客房服务room service 单人间single room双人间double room 浴室bathroom前台front desk / reception 行李搬运工porter叫早服务wake up call

租房场景

房租rent房东landlord

房客renter / tenant契约lease / agreement 水电费utilities门厅hall 家具furniture风景画poster

橱柜cabinet书架book case / shelf 淋浴管道shower pipe修理fix / repair

坏了break down裂缝leak

管道pipe修理公司roofing company

修理工作repair job修理工maintenance man / repairman管道工plumber电工electrician

6.电话场景、工作场景 电话场景

接线员operator

长途电话long distance call 越洋电话overseas call

对方付费电话collect call

占线The line is busy / engaged.把电话接通put sb.through

让某人重打一次give sb.credit for the call 关机power off

不在服务区not at the service

先别挂Please hold on / hold for a moment.挂电话hang up 投币电话pay phone

打入的电话incoming calls 打出的电话outgoing calls

工作场景

老板boss秘书secretary 前台reception雇员employee 雇主employer面试interview 面试管interviewer面试者interviewee

部门主管head of departmentCEOChief Executive Officer 提升promotion顶头上司immediate boss

加薪give a raise经验experience经历experiences文凭credential辞职quit/resign退休retire失业lay off

面试场景

申请工作apply for the job 申请application 全职full-time 兼职part-time

首席执行官

求职者job applicator

简历resume

职位position / post

参加面试have / take a interview

第四篇：英语听力障碍

英语听力障碍剖析:提高英语听力水平所遇到的障碍可分为语言障碍和非语言障碍。要突破听力障碍 ,提高听力水平, 必须提高听力技能 , 扩大词汇量 , 提高基础英语水平, 了解文化背景知识 ,增强心理素质。语言教学的最终目的是培养学生的交际能力 , 英语教学亦不例外。在语言的交际过程中 , 听、说又是首当其冲 , 因为人们只有在听懂对方语言的前提下 , 才能获得对方的信息 , 并将自己的信息反馈给对方 , 从而达到交流的目的。英国著名的语言学家D1Jones认为 , 只有具备了良好的听力 , 才能学好语言。他认为 , 听力训练即是听力记忆的养成 , 听力记忆是可以通过训练 , 而且只有通过训练才能养成的。事实上 , 在英语学习过程中 , 大多数学生听的难度大大超过了读写方面的难度。造成这种状况的原因是多方面的 , 主要与我国传统的教学法 ———重视读写、忽视听说密切相关。

1语言障碍

英语听力水平是多种语言能力和技能的综合产物 , 它涉及到语音、语调、语法结构和词汇量等多方面的知识和技能。英语在语音、词汇、句子结构等方面与汉语有很大差异 , 中国学生在学习英语的过程中因单词发音错误 , 对于各种语法规则运用得不熟练 , 以及对句子重音、各种语调表意功能的不理解等等 , 均会造成言语听辨和话语理解上的障碍 , 其中语音和词汇是制约学生听力的主要语言障碍。非英语专业的学生听力普遍较差 , 主要问题是在语音方面 , 如强读和弱读、失去爆破、同化、省略、连续、重音、语调及语速等。他们把主要精力花费在阅读上 , 靠分析语法、词汇来理解语言材料 , 而不重视听力和口语能力 , 不重视言语技能 , 导致听不懂、讲不出 , 患了语言上的“聋哑症”。此外 , 学习单词、课文时 ,习惯于按词典注音力求“准确”地读 , 一音不漏 , 久而久之 ,习惯成自然 , 而在听到英、美人正常连贯的讲话、语音发生某些变化时 , 反应迟钝 , 一筹莫展。对一篇简单的对话或短文 , 一看就懂 , 可一听就懵。具体情况如下例句所述:

111同化现象

(1)I thought you would come.按字典注音去读这句英语是 [ait ju wud km] ,而在连贯的讲话中读成了 [ai’tu wud’km]。

(2)I haven’t seen him these years.按字典注音读作 [ai’h*vnt sin himiz jz] ,连贯讲话时读作

[ai’h*vnt’sin him’iz]。

112失去爆破现象

(1)She took good care of the children.[i’tu(k)’gu(d)’krv’tildrn]。

(2)We heard David sing last night.[wi’h(d)’deivi(d)’silas(t)’nait]。

113连续现象

(1)Take a look at it.(2)I’ll be back in half an hour.单词在书写时是由一个个有固定形状的字母组成 , 易于辨认 , 而在语流中 , 单词的元音和辅音都会发生读音变化 , 产生同化、连续、省音等现象 , 没有这方面的基本技能 , 自然会产生听力上的障碍。如

education [edju’kein] , 在语流中产生同化现象 , 读成 [edu’kein 这就增加了学生听力过程中的困难 , 加上学生受各自方言的影响 , 很容易在听的过程中造成听辨失误。

制约听力的另一个语言障碍是词汇。词汇是语言的三大要素之一 , 是语言的基本单位和主要单位 , 是语言体系中结构和意义的统一体。英国语言学家威尔金斯在《语言教学中的语言学》(1972)一书中指出: 如果没有语音和语法 , 还可以传达一点点信息;但是如果没有词汇 , 那就不能传达任何信息。词汇既是构成话语的基础也是理解的基础 , 没有词汇也就不能进行交际。那么 , 要通过顺畅地接收和理解言语信号就必须有足够的词汇量 , 而英语中的同音异义词 ,近音异义词非常多 , 一词多义的现象也很多 , 词组的构成也很复杂 , 于是在听辨过程中 , 如果对词义的理解太狭窄 , 很容易造成理解上的障碍。如: 如果只知道free 的意思是“自由的”, 不知道还可以作为“免费的”解 , 那么 , 听到“The wind mill costs money of course , but the wind itself isfree.”时就会不理解。“free”若作“自由”解 , 这句译出来即为:“虽然造风车要花钱 , 但风本身是自由的。”这样的理解自然不通顺 , 与上下文的意思不衔接。但若把“free”解释成“免费的”, 这句译出来即为“虽然建造风车要花钱 , 但风本身是免费的”, 就很好理解了。在另一句中“Dr.Koope has called for a smoke-free America by theyear 2000”,“free”则应理解成“无 „„的”, 这句话的意思是:“库伯博士号召在2000 年以前建立一个无人抽烟的美国。”

此外 , 基本的语法知识的重要性也是不言而喻的。在听的过程中 , 没有一定的语法知识做后盾 ,即使掌握了语音、词汇 , 也犹如听天书。从哪个词到哪个词一句 , 必须根据有关的语法知识断句、理解 , 否则也会形成障碍 , 造成听辨失误。

2非语言障碍

非语言障碍是指学生在听的过程中 , 由于自身拥有的各种社会文化知识和心理素质所形成的阻碍。听力理解过程中是一种解码过程与意义再构建过程的结合 , 在这一过程中 , 听者的积极参与是至关重要的 , 听者的社会文化背景知识与他的语言知识同样重要。对于中国学生而言 , 了解英语国家的社会文化知识、风土人情、科技常识等等 , 是提高听力水平不可缺少的一个方面。不少学生往往听懂了大部分内容却因缺少必要的背景知识使理解受阻。社会文化知识是一个国家或民族所共有的知识 ,外国人只有通过学习来了解。对于学习外语的人来讲 , 缺乏社会文化知识是导致理解困难的障碍之一。如:

(1)英汉两种语言的计数进位和序数习惯不同。汉语中有百、千、万、十万、百万、千万、亿„„而英语中只有 hundred , thousand , million , 所以听后不能立即反应过来。

(2)不熟悉英语的人名和地名。如 Winston Churchill , Albert Einstein , Wall Street , White House ,Independent War , Thanksgiving Day等 , 这些词本身就与英美历史、社会、科技、经济、政治、风俗有关 , 如果对这些专有名词不熟悉 , 自然就形成了一种障碍。

(3)缺乏背景知识。对于不熟悉西方社会的中国学生来讲 , 即使听到一句很简单的句子 , 也会产生理解障碍。如在一篇介绍美国电话网的内容中听到这样一句话“It provides 800 telephone service.”很多学生把它理解成了“该电话网提供 800 个电话服务。”这样的理解从词汇上、语法上讲没什么错误 , 但意思完全不对。在美国 , 打不收费的长途电话(如旅馆预订等)要拨“800”三个数字。因此这句话的意思是“加拨 800 是该网提供的免费电话服务。”有关调查显示 , 听力理解好的英语学习者在听的过程中很注意根据上下文推断意义 , 运用背景知识辅助理解 , 捕捉话语的真正含义。心理素质对听力理解也会产生重大影响 , 一个人、一个整体做事情成功与否与其心理素质有着十分密切的关系 , 心理素质的好坏与英语学习和考试 , 特别是听力的学习和考试尤其重要。一个心理状态正常的人与一个心理状态失常的人在同一时间里的学习效果是不一样的。有关资料表明 , 两个听力水平相同的人 , 由于心理状态不同 , 考试的结果要相差 30 %。心理素质对听力的影响既表现在对平时学习的影响又表现在对考试的影响。

心理素质差对平时学习的影响主要表现是: 思想涣散 , 注意力不集中 , 身在课堂心在外 , 脑子里全是与学习内容无关的东西 , 过分强调困难 , 埋怨客观条件不好。这主要是学生学习动机低落。学习动机是直接推动学生学习的内部动力 , 学生的学习积极性不高 , 教师和教材再好 , 也不会有什么成效。学习动机低落的原因可能是学生对听力课不感兴趣;对听力感到特别困难 , 产生急躁情绪而丧失信心;或者是对教师的教学方法反感 , 产生抵触情绪;或者是认为学好英语听力对自己将来的工作没多大关系 , 等等。心理素质差对学生听力考试的影响表现为学生考试时所出现的情绪紧张。录音机一播放 , 就开始出现莫名其妙的心慌、惶惑 , 似乎除了自己的心跳什么也听不见了。造成这样心理障碍的原因是: 对听力考试心中无数 , 对自己的能力没有把握或估计过低 , 从而产生恐惧心理 , 害怕考试不过关。由于心理紧张 , 造成大脑记忆机能暂时减弱 , 考试结果自然不好。

听力不是孤立的语言能力 , 在听的过程中遇到障碍是必然的 , 但造成听力障碍的因素很多 , 与自身的学习基础有密切关系 , 每个人都不尽相同 , 要根据自身的弱点 , 有的放矢 , 循序渐进 , 克服障碍 , 提高听力水平。根据多年的教学经验和以上分析 , 我认为可分别从以下几个方面突破障碍:(1)掌握基本的听力技能 , 坚持不懈地提高和强化语言知识和技能 , 学会不完全爆破发音、音的同化与省略、意群和连读、音的强读与弱读、了解美音和英音的异同 , 这样在言语听辨过程中就能做出快速、准确的判断和反应。(2)提高基础英语水平, 增加词汇量 , 加深对英语词义的理解。(3)泛读、泛听、广泛积累有关社会文化背景知识 , 扩大知识面。(4)能够把概括 ———分析 ———综合 ———记忆相结合 , 掌握推测信息的本领 , 提高抓住主题的能力。(5)增强自信心 , 提高学习动力 , 消除心里障碍

第五篇：英语听力训练方法

一、听说训练中应注意几个问题

一般英语学习者，在全面提高英语的前提下，要提高听、说能力，应首先注意以下三点：

1．注意区分和模仿正确的语音、语调

在英语里有不少读音相近，但意思却截然不同的词汇，象cure(治愈)和 kill(杀死)，menu(菜单)和manure(肥料)等。设想如果有一个医生想说:“I'll cure you.”(我要治好你的病。)却因发音不好，说成:“I'll kill you.”(我要杀死你。)那病人会吓成什么样子。又比如，有人对你说：“ I am thirty.My wife is thirty, too.”而你听到的却是：“I am dirty.My wife is dirty, too.”你一定会莫名其妙。实际上，所差之处就是一个音素。因此，我们从一开始就要注意区分和模仿正确的语音，语调。在这个基础上提高听、说，才能收到良好效果。

2．创造一定的听、说环境

听、说是一种语言交流，没有一个外语环境或一定的听、说条件，只靠单枪匹马很难收效。当然，现代科学为我们提供了录音机这一工具，我们可以把课文，对话和中外成品磁带录制下来反复听和模仿。还可以把自己的口头作文和复述录下来，仔细审听，发现问题，及时纠正。但是，在自然条件下，听与说是不能分的。一个人听的过程实际是另一个人说的过程。如果有条件的话，最好能把自学的伙伴组织起来，定期开展会话活动，或利用社会上，公园中提供的“外语角”等条件，既练了说，又练了听，在实际的语言环境中练习，才能取得长足的进步。

3．要有不怕听错，说错，不断苦练的精神

练习听、说的学习者，特别是成年人，往往必听错、说错，不敢主支张口练习。然而，语言是一种习惯，没有反复的操练和实践难以产生熟练的技巧。会话重在达意，只要达到交流思想的目的，这种听、说实践就应该说是基本成功的。出了错，注意总结经验，自学改正就是了。

二、听力训练的四个阶段

⑴入门阶段：

这个阶段适合初学者。在学完字母及一些简单句型和词汇后即可开始。一般可以进行三个听力练习：

1）句型练习：做这项练习时，可以把句型、词汇及语法三项结合起来。这方面有不少国内外出版的句型练习教科书及录音带，如：《英语九百句》（English 900）和《情景对话》(Situational Dialogues)，邓炎昌编的《英语会话五十题》和邓荣成编译的《实用英语问答》等。这些课本编排比较科学，由浅入深，循序渐进，照顾到生活常用词汇和句型，耐用做到了关键句型反复出现。配合课本录制的磁带质量也很好，几乎都包括速度较慢的跟读和重复练习。

2）浅显易懂的英语小故事：听小故事也是这一阶段听力训练的重要步骤。如《罗宾汉的故事》(GRIMM'S TALES)，<<伊索寓言>>(AESOP'SFABLES)等。<<新概念英语>>第一二册等的也可采用。听故事旨在听懂大意，锻炼把前后内容连贯起来的能力，而不在于模仿语音，语调和熟记句型。听故事还可以扩大词汇，把学到的英语书面符号同声音结合起来。

3）中外录制的教科书课文：中外出版的一些英语教科书如:许国璋主编的《英语》统编教材一到四册，周珊凤，张祥保主编的《大学英语》，英国朗曼公司出版的《基础英语》（ESSENTIAL ENGLISH）及美国麦希尔公司出版的>今日英语>(ENGLISH FOR TODAY)等，内容丰富，课文有相当的长度和难度。如果学习时配合听课文录音，或先听后读或学了之后再听，都可以达到从声音入手反复熟悉课文的目的，既学了课文，又练了听力。最后，在入门阶段，尽管掌握的英语不多，还是应该努力把听和说结合起来，积极利用学过的内容，组织自学伙伴，开展对话。有条件的话，争取能听听中外籍人士用英语介绍生活、学习或英美情况的小报告，即使只能勉强听懂一部分也应尝试。

⑵初级阶段

这一阶段仍属基础学习阶段。主要任务是扩大、加深和巩固入门阶段所学成果，可以从以下几方面进行训练:

1)继续听句型练习和小故事：这一阶段要注意通过时间较长，难度较大，语言现象较复杂的听力材料来继续解决语音，词汇和语法这三方面的问题。如果仍沿用入门阶段的句型练习材料，就要加大单位时间听力材料的数量，并争取在回答或重复时提高自己的准确度。总之，应在材料难度及反应速度方面下功夫。在听小故事方面可听《如此故事》（WHATA STORY）一类的成品录音带。其特点是在录制故事时，有意识地安排了好几个人插话，提问，以中断某人叙述的方式来进行一些意见交流，这也可算作情景对话，得同简单的问答式对话大不相同，它更接近真实生活，也更自然。

2）选听各种报告录音，扩大听的内容：为了扩大词汇，并逐步适应不同口音和年龄的讲话，这一阶段可选听一些浅易的英美历史、地理、风俗人情的报告。英美人士访华印象的讲话也是很好的内容。这些讲话一般以半小时左右为宜，既增长知识又提高听力。

3）开始收听北京电台对外广播：电台的英语涉及政治、经济、文化等各方面内容，语言比较规范，播音员语音、语调又是楷模，因此听英语广播是学习英语的极好途径。北京电台（Radio Beijing）收听方便，每日内容更新，多数是有关我国各方面发展的消息。由于学习者熟悉这些内容，这就降低了听力难度，所以对听力刚刚入门的人来说是比较合适的。在这一阶段，听的重点应是北京电台对外的新闻广播、国际形势分析及一些文化评论。听时要摸索新闻广播的一般规律，注意培养听新闻的一些基本技巧和方法。如果一开始感到困难，可以采取以下两个辅助办法，即在听广播之前阅读《北京周报》（BEIJING REVIEW），《中国日报》(CHINA DAILY)或《新华电讯稿》(XIN-HUA NEWS BULLETIN)有关文章。这样，在内容和词汇有一定准备的情况下，听英语广播就会容易得多。另外，可以把新闻和评论录制下来，反复精听，逐句推敲。这也是抽调听力的一个很好训练方法。在这一阶段，仍应进行听说配合的训练，做口头作文，写报告等等，并开展力能及的讨论。

⑶中级阶段

本阶段应从机械训练转向实践，从课本进入社会。解决听外台的能力作为这一阶段的一项主要任务。可进行以下训练。

1）听美国之音(VOA)慢速广播(VOA SPECIAL ENGLISH PROGRAM)或英国广播公司(BBC)英语广播(BBC ENGLISH BY RADIO):这两个节目速度较慢，在词汇选择上也有适当控制，因此作为训练听外台的起步练习是很合适的。开始时可根据自己熟悉的工英国或美国音来选听BBC或VOA，然后逐步向另一台过渡。在听这两种特殊节目毫无困难之后，就可转向正常速度的英美电台广播。电台广播和报刊杂志的内容是紧密联系在一起的。因此，在进行这一训练的同时，应阅读一些英文报刊杂志。

2）视听结合，训练听懂电影，戏剧的能力:看外语电影可以纳入这一阶段的训练。听电影，戏剧中的台词，实际是相当难的，作为起步，可以先看一些翻译成英语的国产电影，如《闪闪的红星》甚至幻灯片《高玉宝》等。然后选看熟悉的影片，如《列宁在一九一八》，《战争下和平》等。最后可尝试听一些语言规范，内容健康的原版英美电影，如《冰海沉船》《百万英磅》《简。爱》《孤星血泪》《雾都孤儿》《红菱艳》以及中央电视台的《星期日英语》(ENGLISH ON SUNDAY)节目中经常播放的一些英美电影对话，不能要求每句话，每个字都听懂，应以是否正确把握住了故事情节和重要的细节为标准。

3）继续前两阶段的某些听力训练:听力训练是长期的，经常的任务因此，各人可以根据自己的薄弱环节，在向新内容发展的同时，坚持进行某些前两阶段采用过的听力练习形式，但难度和词汇量有所加强，要多听英美文化和政治经济方面的报告，以及访华学者就当今大家感兴趣和国际问题，青年问题等所作的一小时左右的报告。

（4）高级阶段

本阶段完成后，英语学习者应达到或者接近英美人的听力水平，并能应付各种情况。

1）在听外台方面，要训练听正常速度节目。要从重点听新闻，转向多听专栏评论和报道。

2）在可能条件下，争取听使用英语的学术讨论会，语言学，文学，历史，政治经济等问题的讲座和科普报告，并积极参加报告会后的讨论活动。

3)如有兴趣或需要，可进一步训练听戏剧台词和诗歌朗诵，如莎士比亚，萧伯纳，奥尼尔等名家的戏剧，或英美诗歌名篇。

4)练习听懂用英语讲授的课程，学习英语是为了掌握一种语言工具，从而更好地精通自己的专业，因此，在这一听力阶段应达到听懂用英语讲授的专业课程或报告，要练习完全用英语进行思维，把耳听，思考，理解和笔录完美地用英语统一起来，如果客观上没有这种听课条件，大量阅读专业资料，听有关专业的英语报告，并积极开展英语讨论，与同行交换看法等，也可以在很大程度上弥补这方面的不足。

三.听力训练的几个具体问题

(1)泛听和精听相结合

在听力训练中，既要能准确无误地听出某些重要的数据，年代，人名，地名及事实，又要兼顾把握大意的训练，这弱项就必须所精听与泛听结合起来，交替练习，即把精听和泛听分成各处独立的练习，听时穿插安排，也可把一个故事或报告他成精泛段落，有些部分精听，其余泛听。在精听时，要首先熟悉听力材料中的生词，对有此难句可以反复听：而泛听则首先着眼于量大，只求掌握大意，不必了解每个细节，精听遍数不限，直到完全听懂为止。

泛听的遍数，由材料难度和自己的程度来决定，得一般不要超过三遍否则就失去了泛听的意义，泛听时，不宜中间打断，要一气呵成，精听则可在句子之间或困难之处停下机器，倒带重听。兴泛不精，会养成似是而非，不求甚解的习惯，反之，则见树不见林，抓不住大意。所以这两种训练哪一种也不应偏废。

(2)听力训练应培养的能力和从上下文猜字的能力，在听力训练过程中，往往会碰到听不清或听不懂的情况，原因很多，有进是由于说话人发音不清楚或录音效果不好，有时是因为出现了生词或内容陌生的缘故，这就要靠抓字音及从上下文猜字的能力来解决问题。比如:我们初次听《薄雪花》(EDE LWEISS)这首歌时，可能对其中两处的歌产生疑问，一是“You look happy to meet me”。有人会认为是 “You look happy to me，to me ”。但若仔细多听，就会发现 meet me 连读时[t]音部分失去爆破，并不和me 相连。另一难点是“Blossom of snow，may you bloom and grow”这句歌词中，blossom 一字由于节拍关系，唱得快，[l]音听不清楚，再加上和后面的of连读，给听者造成很大困难，这时需要运用猜字的能力，从上下文进行分析，这是一首关于白色花的歌曲，后面的动词中又有bloom(开放)这个词，只有blossom(花朵)这个词才比较合适，况且只有blossom这个词包含和[sm]这两个从录音带上可以辨认的声音，这样问题迎刃而解，所以，碰到类似情况时，首先要记住能听清的声音，然后根据上，下文的内容和语法关系提供的线索来进行推测，如果可能的话，还可以根据字音查一下字典，这一能力的培养是听力训练中很关键的一个环节，对独立工作，摆脱困难至关重要。

2)排除杂音和各种干扰的能力：为国培养这一能力，要多听新闻广播，听那些看不见说话人口形的录音报告，要逐渐适应人们说话加上“well”，“eh”之类填充语

(hesitation fillers)的习惯，以及有时说了一半忽然转念另起一句话的现象，还要努力做到能把录音不清楚的一词半语，或者讲演者降低声音，很快一带而过的词句正确地补充出来。

3)要有适应英国音，美国音及一些主要方言的能力：听力训练可以采取从一种音入手，再逐步过渡到另一种音的办法。为了更快的掌握听好英国音和美国音的能力，学习者可以主动归纳或对比两种英语在发音，语调上的差别，以便更好地渡过这一关。如美国人在or，er等组合字母后面还要加上[r]音:doctor[ ](英音)，[ ](美音):把[a:]音发为[ ]音:can't[ka:nt](英音)，[k nt](美音)等发音特点。对英格兰北部，苏格兰地区有此特殊的发音和用字，以及美国黑人英语，澳大利亚，新西兰英语中的一些变异现象，如无特殊需要，一般可以不练，不学。但适当有一些了解，听一，两个样品录音也有好处。

(3)听力训练的时间安排：听力训练需要思想高度集中，故时间安排以每天精神最佳时候为宜。而且，时间不宜过长，第要连续听一小时以上。听力又是习惯成自然的技巧训练，所以每天安排一段时间。不能三天打鱼，两天晒网，更不能听一段时间后，就一扔半年，一年。

(4)听力测试方法 听力测试有各种形式，可根据本人程度及训练目的，找一些合适的附，有测试题的听力教材做些练习，考核水平