导游英语 (9)

第一篇：导游英语 (9)

Yuncheng Tourism

Yuncheng in Shanxi Province is the birthplace of Chinese Nation.Endowed with the soul of Chinese Nation, the fertile land nears the Yellow River, as well as the resources in Salt Lake, and it used to the hometown to emperors, the birthplace of China, and the root of Chinese people.Since the ancient time, it was the place where the men of letters and the gifted talents were born.Nowadays, the city boasts a prosperous business and the people live a happy life.Yuncheng boasts a profound history and magnificent landscape.The historical site and relics, the national sceneries are dotted on the area like the stars in the sky or the dots on the chessboard, forming its extreme abundant tourism resources.There are majestic natural landscapes.Taking the Salt Lake, Hukou Waterfalls of Yellow River as the representative, and the renowned ancient ruin and structures, such as Guandi Temple, Yongle Palace and Pujiu Monastery etc., which boast great value in the terms of appreciation, sight viewing and art.The Salt Lake

The winding Yellow River has nurtured the civilization of China while the Salt Lake in Yuncheng nurtures the Salt culture of China.Located in the basin in the south of Shanxi Province, the Salt Lake was formed in fourth age of Cenozoic.As the land rose into the mountain and a large number of minerals which are mainly composed by salt were left behind.After a long period in deposition, a natural salt lake came into being.The salt lake in Yuncheng enjoys the same popularity with the Dead Sea in Israel which was renowned in the world.Taking a bird‟s eye, the fields are cross linked in the lake and thousands of silver islets like a piece of jade dotted around the Zhongtiao Mountain.The silver light reflected from the surface made the salt lake reputed as “silver lake”.The Yongle palace

Located to the east of Longquan Village about three kilometers to the north of Ruicheng county, Yongle Palace was originally set up on the historical site of the capital of Wei Kingdom in Western Zhou dynasty.As an ancient building which boasts some influences towards home and abroad, it is word renowned for its mural painting.The murals in conservation share same popularity with those in Mogao Cave in Dunhuang.Yongle Palace was formerly a Taoist temple, set up for worshipping Lv Dongbin, one of eight immortals in Taoism with the original name of “Dachunyang Longevity Palace”.It was later renamed to Yongle palace for its location in Yongle Village of Ruicheng town.Firstly started in the second year of Dingzong‟s period in Yuan dynasty, the overall construction lasts more than 110 years, including the construction of the mural paintings until the 18th in Zhizheng‟s period of Yuan dynasty.In the palace, the temples and halls which are scattered around in a low density are grand and majestic.Except for the gate, four splendid halls made in Yuan dynasty are lined along the middle axis, namely, Dragon and Tiger hall, Sanqing Hall, Chunyang Hall, and Chongyang Hall.These buildings of Yuan dynasty are excellent heritages in the ancient architecture of China.They are unique in the plain layout for that there are no wing halls on the east and west.In term of the architecture structure, it adopted the methods used in Song, Liao and Jin dynasties and formed its own style.As the main body of the Yongle Palace, Sanqing Hall or Wuji Hall boasts a large scale.In the term of art of architecture, colorful paintings, as well as the decoration of the statues, the hall is regarded as a refining art ware.The walls inside the hall were hung with the giant murals which are reputed as the elaborate art ware in mural paintings.It is names Chaoyuan Picure, which depicts the scene when all the divinities went to pay the God.The art in paintings plays a vital role in the history of the development of art in folk.In 1963, when the duplicates of the murals paintings were on road to Japan, these paintings cause a sensation.Chunyang Hall was also named as Huntian Hall or Lvzu Hall.And it was made especially for worshipping Lv Dongbin, who was named Chunyangzi.The height of this hall is similar that of the Sanqing.However, its scales is only second to it.The ceiling of the hall is of single cave, the sculptures of curved dragons are placed on the both side of the Kelly grass.The last hall on the middle axis is named “ Chongyang Hall” or “Ximing Hall”.The hall houses the statues of Wang Chongyang, the founder of Quanzhen sect of Taosim as well as his seven disciples, hence was named “Quanzhen Hall”.Yongle palace is one of the birthplaces of Taosim and it has been under construction for over 100 years.The majestic scale and the careful arrangement make it very precious art heritage in Taosim.In special, the grand and exquisite murals make people amazed.According to the classics, steles and tablets in the hall, Yongle Palace was said to be the birthplace of Lv Dongbin.After his death, locals rebuilt his residence into “Lv‟s ancestral house”.At the end of Jin dynasty, the story of Lv Dongbin became much-told and more and more people came to worship so that the ancestral house was enlarged into a Taosit temple.However it was burnt down in the third year of Taizong‟s reign of Mongolia.Preserved Yongle Palace was established in Yuan dynasty when Qiu Chuji, the leader of Quanzhen Taoism, was appraised by the emperor.The emperor ordered to upgrade the temple into palace and appointed Pan Decheng to preside the construction.After 15 years, the main body of the palace was finished in the third year in Zhongtong‟s reign and the murals were finished in the 18th year in Zhizheng‟s period.The construction lasted for over 110 years which is even the period of Yuan dynasty.Although there are some renovations in Ming and Qing dynasties, its original landscape has never changed.After the liberation, for the reason that Yongle Palace was located in planned drought area in Irrigation Project of Sanmen Gorge, on the decision of the state council, Premier Zhou Enlai agreed to set aside over two million Yuan to remove the palace.The project lasted for seven years and eventually all the structures and murals were move here as a compact, which enables this historical site preserved nowadays.Guandi Temple Guandi Temple in Heizhou is 20 kilometers to the southwest to the city proper of Yuncheng.Firstly established on the beginning of Sui dynasty, the temple has come through many times of renovations and projects for enlargement with a total coverage of about 18,576 square meters, it is the biggest temple among all the Guandi Temples around the country, reputed as the crown for the temple, for enshrining and worshipping Guan Yu.The temple in Heizhou Town is in a style of a palace, surrounded by cyan bricks and red walls.The gatehouses are majestic with carved beams and painted rafters, rows upon rows of halls and mansions feature unturned eaves and Dougong brackets.Guandi Temple of Heizhou was firstly built in the ninth year in Kaihuang‟s reign in Sui dynasty, and was rebuilt in the seventh year in Xiangfu‟s period in Song dynasty.After that, it has been destroyed and rebuilt for several times.The architecture in preservation now is the result of a ten-year-project started from the 41st year in Kangxi‟s reign in Qing Dynasty, after it‟s burning down by the fire.By the street lined from the east and the west, it was divided into the south and north part, taking an area of over 66,600 square meters.The south part of the street is named Jieyi Garden, which is comprised by Jiayi Archway, Junzi Archway or Gentlemen‟s Archway, Sanyi Mansion, Lotus Flower Pond, and the artificial rockery etc, structures.The garden features a luxurious peaches forest imitating the scene when three heroes became blood brother in the peach garden in the classic story of the Romance of Three Kingdom.It was said that this stony meteorite is the incarnation of Guan Yu.He was ever the powerful support to the authorities of Shu and Han Kingdom.Although he was dead in Dangyang, his soul has tuned into the spirit stone and kept on blessing the authorities.Countless ancient tablets and steles as well as the cypresses tress are gorgeous and imposing.The complex of the temple is comprised by two parts, namely Jieyi Garden and the main temple.The main temple is also comprised by the yard in the front and the palace in behind.From the Duan Gatehouses, the Zhi Gatehouse, Front Gate, Imperial Library, Chongning Hall, Chunqiu Mansion or Spring and Autumn Mansion etc structures are lined in order.On the both sides, the stone archway, wooden archway, Bell House, Drum House，Knife House, Seal House, the eastern and western Lodge are symmetrically and strictly arranged.There are many Guandi Temples in China.However, this one is the largest.As Guanyu was born in Changping village of Heizhou Town, the temple was hence named as the ancestral Temple for Guandi.It echoes with the Confucius Temple in Qufu which is the hometown of Confucius in Shangdong Province, forming the originations for the worship to the saints in culture and military.Wu Gate is a five-entry gatehouse with single eave and stone corridor with sculptures.Two sides on the stone neat railings are carved out with all kinds of aspersion patterns and about 114 interesting figures.In the south of the house, are the pictures for Zhou Cang and Liao Hua, who are the famous generals in the period of Three kingdoms.Crossing the gatehouse and a wooden archway, we arrive to the Imperial Library.With a former name of „Bagua Mansion‟ or “Eight Diagrams Manson”, and it was renamed for the memory of the stele inscribed by Emperor Kangxi in the 27th year of Qianlong‟s period in Qing dynasty.The Mansion is not tall but is refining.The tablet pavilion and the Bell Pavilion are facing with each other in the east and the west to the north of the Imperial Library.In the Tablet Pavilion with double eaves and spire is a jade tablet in the 12th year in Yongzheng‟s reign in Qing dynasty.Guanque tower

Along the mountain sink the last rays of sun, Towards the sea the Yellow River does forward go.If you would fain command a thousand miles in view, To a higher story you are expected to go.The much told verse of “ on the stork tower” by Wang Zhihuan in Tang dynasty depicts a scene.When the poet took a bird‟s eye on Guanque Tower or Stork Tower situated in Yongji county of Shanxi Province.It was named in the ancient for there were ever storks taking rest on the tower.In Northern Song dynasty, a great general named Yu Wen ordered to set up a tower to safeguard the land outside the Yellow River.For its imposing body, unique framework and majestic vigor, men of letters in successive dynasties would like to ascend the towers, recite poems and express their emotions, which is so encouraging for the Chinese nation is widely known.Although it is only 20 characters, it represents the splendid vigor for the landscape in the north of China, integrating the philosophic ideas harmoniously in the scenery becoming a classical verse.The poem was made for the tower while the toer got famous for this poem.While Tengwang Tower got famous for Wangbo, Yueyang Tower by Fan Zhongyan, Huanghe Tower by Cui Hao and Li Bai, the Guanque Tower or Stork Tower is renowned by Wang Zhihuan.The Yellow River area is one if the earliest birth places of civilization of mankind.The ancestors of Chinese nation have created a glory history.On the second floor of Guanque Tower, 12 compartments depict the story and tales of locals by means o fpictures, paintings, waxworks, and scenes, si that we could see with our eyes the profound history of the culture and history in the east of Yellow River.Si-ma Guang is a prominent talent who was already very clever in his childhood.The story that he had ever broken a big jar for saving a drowning boy, was made into picture in the ancient and was widly spread in the capital and Luoyang.Si-ma Guang was a person with moral uprightness and made significant achievements in the study of history.His “Zhizhi tong jian” or “comprehensive mirror for aid in government ” was consider one of the earliest historical works in history.The tales on Guanque, Concubine Yang, and the stories such as the Goddess‟s making up the sky, Huang Ti‟s fight against Chi You are living harmoniously with thw ancient archeological art.The harmony between the tales and the buildings, the space and the tome, the history and the future, enriches the Stork Tower a traditional and profound culture background, which makes the tower an elegant historically renowned tower.The third floor of the tower adopts advanced technologies such as the sound, light and electricity to reappear the procedures in making salt, casting iron, raising silkworm and brewing alcohol etc, by the means of waxworks and scenes, representing the profound Chinese civilization and the development in the technology of iron casting in mid Tang dynasty.The folk art performance, shadow play, scissor-cut and new year picture represent the diligence and the wisdom of local people, as well as the rich folk art activities.Since its establishment, the Stork Tower as a historically famous tower has attracted countless men of letters, litterateurs, and celebrities as well as the tourists from around the country since Sui and Tang dynasties for its advanced position and majestic outline.Looking out from the window, you could enjoy the rolling could and peaks.The tourists bury themselves in the good scenery in front of the tower, the good surroundings outside and the town itself, and recall the figures and the tales in the past.The Stork Tower is a myth, a story and a dream.The tower coming through many times in rise and fall, has witnessed the great changes happened on the land of Puzhou, depicted the brilliant civilization in the east area of the Yellow river, represented the new hopes for the future.After enjoying the deposition of Chinese culture, the visitors ascending the Stork Tower let their imaginations fly.Hukou waterfall

Situated in Qinjin Valley in the middle reaches of Yellow River with the west of hukou Villey of Yichuan County of Shaanxi province, the east of Ji County of Shanxi province, the kettle Spout Fall or Hukou waterfall is the county‟s second biggest waterfall after Huangguoshu waterfall in Guizhou province.The two banks of the waterfall is planked by verdant peaks.When the mightly Yellow River flows through mountains and gorges to Hukou, the billowy water streams with a width of over 300 meters narrow suddenly into only a bit over 50 meters, falling 30 meters into a deep riverbed liked a hers of galloping horses, transforming the quite river into a turbulent one.The riverbed here is like an enormous teapot absorbing all the rushing water, so the waterfall is named Hukou waterfalls.(kettle spout Falls)

Hukou waterfalls boast a magnificent vigor.The surroundings of the waterfall feature a unique scenery, hence it eas listed into scenic area under the protection of the state.There are many wonders at Hukou waterfall, such as smoke from the river, boasts on land, rainbows in the sunshine, and so on.In Hukou the water falls to the deep pond from a relating high place, stirring the mist which rises high into the air like surging heavy smoke coming out of the river.You can see various shapes of rainbows formed by the rising mist, refracted by the sunshine from different angles.Sometimes rainbows are arched, cutting into the river from the sky like a dragon playing with water sometimes they are colored ribbons lying across the river;some times they become colorful masses which change second by second.The thundering sound can be heard from quite a distance.The view of Hukou waterfalls changes according to the seasons.In spring the frozen ground thaws and the stalactites of snow fall into the pond like the mountains collapsing and the earth cracking up.In summer and autumn there is much rainfall.With the rains, the river rushes and the yellow waves seem to reach the sky.In winter Hukou waterfalls gives the visitors another new look.On the surface of the silvery ice waterfalls, cool water flows down.Litter silver icicles hang on the cliffs around the waterfalls.It presents you a distinctive natural landscape of the northern region of China.The width and the height of Hukou waterfall can not boast as large.However, the volume of its rushing currents is tremendous.In withered period of winter, its volume per second reaches 150 to 300 cubic meters.The frozen river with little flowing streams gave people a sense of elegance.At the beginning of April, the volume per second dramatically increases to over 1,000 cubic meters, and even 8,000 for peaks as soon as the river unfreezes.At this time, the big water flow will rush down with the sound like the roaring of lions or tigers.In summer, the volume of currents increases to the range from 1,000 to 2,000 cubic meters.At this time, the water level in the lower reaches will sink so that the fall got bigger.Giant waterfall drops down with a stunning sound and the water sprays splashed out eject into the sky like arrow.In no time the sprayers turn into little beads which turn into a hazy white fog eventually.In raining seasons of fall, the water in the rivers flow here so that the river volume reaches to over 3,000 cubic meters.All the waterfalls connect into one.The roaring waves are rolling with a thundering sound.A poet named as Guang Werran got inspiration from the majestic scenery of Hukou waterfalls and he wrote an imposing verse, which goes that the wind is blowing, the horse is blaring and the Yellow River is roaring.The solemn Yellow River is the mother river for the descents of Yan-di and Huang-di, as well as the Epitome of Chinese Nation.The Hukou waterfall which is full of various postures and magnificent sceneries if the representative of Yellow River, as well as the high light of Chinese Nation, of all ages, countless men of letters, and literatures would like to praise the Yellow River by verse, which has represented he words in the heart of the Chinese people.

第二篇：英语导游

Emergencyability1、Becauseoftheobjectivereason，thetourgroupwanttoleaveinadvance，asalocalguide，howtodealwithit?

1，thelocalguideshouldasfaraspossibletosavetime，arrangethetourintheplan;2，reporttothetravelagency，contactwiththehotel，returntheroom，dinner，busandsoon.3，asfaraspossibletoinformthenextstationtochangethereceiptplan.2、Accordingtothereceiptplanandreservationtime，localguidecan’treceivethegroup，howtodealwithit?

1，immediatelycontactwithtravelagency，andfindoutthereason;2，contactwithairportandaskifthegroupboard;3，ifdon’t’needmuchtime，localguidecanstyattheairport;4，ifpostponeistoolong，thelocalguideshouldrearrangereceiptaffairsaccordingtothetravelagency.3、Howtoavoidleavingoutthereceipt?

1，readthereceiptplan，knowthegroup’sarrivaldate，time，receiptplace，numberoftrainandsoon;2，checkthecorrectarrivaltime;3，arrivethestationhalfanhourinadvanceandwaitforthecomingofthegroup.4、Howtodealwiththemistakeinreceipt?

1，ifthemistakeishappenedbetweentwogroupsinthesameagency，nolongerexchangethegroupsunlessthetravelagencydon’tagreewithit;2，ifmistakehappensinanothertravelagency，theguideshouldimmediatelyreporttotheravelagencyandtrytoassoonaspossibleexchangethegroupsandmakeapologytothetourist.5、Howtoavoiddelayingtheairplane?

1，thelocalguidewiththenationalguideshouldfixtheticketsinadvance，checkandconfirmthedate，time，number，destinationandsoon.;2，beforeleaving，don’tletthetouristgotothecomplexplaceandsoon;3，arrangeabundanttimegtotheairportandmakesurethatthegroupleavinglocation，helptocarryoutthecheck-inprocedure，andleaveontime.6、Howtodealwithdelayingtheairplane?

1，immediatelyreporttothetravelagency，askforhelp;2，assoonaspossiblecontactwithairport，andtrytoletthetouristleavewiththerecentairplane;3，stabili

in the next period will be my master lead the horse around with our beautiful Shandong, during this tour you can the hearts to us, first to our hearts is assured that the drivers on the master it, because our instructors have many years of driving experience drivers seat of his car can be fast and stable, another heart is happy on to me Well, maybe I'm not the best guide, but I will come with the most sincere heart to serve you.If you have any views on the way in tourism or requests please come to me and horse master will make every effort to serve you, your satisfaction is my greatest wish, and we come together from all over the country because of affinity.times fly so quickly and your visit to shanxi province is drawing a close before we part ,I would like to say a few words.first I thanks everybody everybody in the group has been very co-operative ,friendly ,understanding andpunctual.as your tour

guide ,I was much appreciated

china is a developing country ,and tourism is a new born thing ,the problems you have met on the trip were know to everyone , the point is that we should treasure our friendship and experience.however this is the beginning of our friendship we believe that this friendship will continue to grow in the future ,parting is such sweet sorrow , happy to meet ,sorry to depart ,and happy to meet again.Welcome come to shanxi province again

Bon voyage!

Bey-bey!

第三篇：导游英语

各位游客朋友们：

大家好！欢迎来到我们美丽的陇南观光旅游。请允许我代表我们阳光旅行社对各位的到来表示热烈的欢迎，同时道一声大家一路辛苦了。我是大家这次陇南之旅的导游，我姓宓，在我身边的是司机张师傅，张师傅有多年的驾驶经验，所以大家在行车的过程中可以完全放心。在陇南的这两天游玩里，将有小宓和张师傅为大家提供服务。我们衷心的希望成为大家的好朋友，如果在本次旅行当中大家有什么问题或要求，可以尽管提出来，我们会尽全力为大家去解决。我们中国有句俗话“百年修得同船渡”，今天我们能相聚在同一辆车上，是我们的缘分，希望大家可以珍惜这点缘分，互相照顾，并请大家配合我的工作，同时要注意车箱内的卫生。在我们的共同努力下使我们的这次陇上小江南的旅行圆满成功！好了，现在我给大家简单说一下我们今天的行程安排，大家也可以做到心里有数。今天上午我们去游览武都万象洞，明天我们转程去参观宕昌的官鹅沟和大河坝森林公园。在这里请大家注意以下几点：

一、由于景点位于市内闹市区,车辆较多，请大家一定要注意安全。

二、停车场同样的车可能会较多，请大家不要上错了车！记住我们的车牌号甘k88888，三，一定注意安全 不仅是人身安全还有财物安全，四，这两天我们会住在龙海宾馆，大家住的是双标房，大家可以自由组合，大家拿到房卡后不要着急休息，检查一下东西是否齐全，如果缺什么可以打电话到总台，服务员会给你送上来。五，等会我会给每个人发一个有我们旅行社标志的帽子，请大家随时戴上，这样不容易走失。那我就讲这么多，请大家不要嫌我啰嗦，最后，预祝大家此行游的开心、玩的尽兴！谢谢！

第四篇：导游英语

It is my honor and privilege to be your tour guide.I will spare no efforts to make you comfortable and happy during this trip.If you have some questions or want some help, please feel free to contact me.On our way to the destination, I’d like to give you a brief introduction of Xuanwu Lake.Xuanwu Lake is in the central-northeast part of Nanjing, it nears Nanjing Railway Station and Ji Ming Temple.It is surrounded by three mountains in three directions: the Zijing mountain to the east, the Jizhao mountain and Fuzhou mountain to the south and the Mufu mountain to the north.The Ming city wall borders the park to its south and east.The lake covers 472 hectares.Xuanwu Lake is one of Nanjing Zhongshan state-level scenic spots and an important part of the national AAAA class tourist attractions.It is the largest comprehensive park in Nanjing with the function of entertainment, leisure and exercise.So beautiful it is, Xuanwu Lake can be compared with Xihu Lake.Now, we arrive at the gate of the park.Please get off the bus one by one, then I will show you around the park.Now, let’s begin our trip.Xuanwu Lake contains five oasises, namely Huan zhou, Ying zhou, Liang zhou, Cui zhou and Ling zhou.Now we are walking along the circle-shaped road which leads us to the first oasis---Huan zhou.There are lakeside rocks and rockeries in the oasis, which shows the beauty of garden architecture in southern China.Among those rocks, the “Guanyin and Tongzi”.are the most famous.They are heritages of the zhongshan amir, Xuda ,during the Ming Dynasty.Besides,There are Lama Temple and Nuona pagoda in this part.Please follow me!Let’s walk across this bridge, and here it is.We are now at Ying zhou.It is an oasis in an oasis and it gained its name for its beatuful cherry flowers growing all around.Every spring flowers bloom, which attracts millions of tourists.Let’s move to next scenic spot, Liang zhou.During the Liang Dynasty, prince Liangzhaoming built a terrace for reading in this oasis, which gave it its name.It was said that prince Liang gathered thirty thousand books and called for many scholars and talents to write essays.At last, they worked out the first analects of poems and essays which exerted a great impact on the study and development of literature.Unfortunately, prince Liang died of uncured disease early.People named the oasis Liang zhou to honor this hard-working prince.I want to mention that Liang zhou is the most beautiful oasis among the rest four oasises.You can find Lake Temple, Lansheng Tower, Lotus pavilion, Taoran pavilion and other historical sites here.You will appreciate the charms of natural landscape, especially the lotus pond.Cui zhou is to the east of Liang zhou.It is characterized by its green pines, cypresses, bamboo and willow.Besides, Music terrace and outdoor theater can be found here.What we are seeing now is the central oasis---Ling zhou.It borders Zhongshan mountain in the east, which gives it inviting views.There is a bird park in the oasis and it is the largest bird park in China.More than ten thousand rare birds are protected in this park.You can not only see a large number of beautiful and exotic birds but also watch bird performances in the park.You can even feed some birds in person.Now, it’s your time!You can walk around the Xuanwu Lake freely and enjoy the scenery as you like.I hope you enjoy your time here!Two hours later, we’ll meet at the gate of the park.By the way, please put an eye on your luggage and don’t forget the time.My dear friends, when you come to a city, you probably want to visit the most famous scenic spots of special interest.Nanjing has many places of historic interests and has been capital for six “dynasties.” But if you leave Nanjing without visiting Dr.Sun Yat-sen's Mausoleum, undoubtedly you have missed the most arresting and famous tourist attraction of the city.Talking about the Mausoleum we should have an idea about Sun Yat-sen, the great pioneer of Chinese democratic revolution.Mr.Sun's original name is Sun Wen and styled himself Yat-sen.So foreign friends would call him “Dr.Sun Yat-sen”.Since he took “Woodcutter in Zhoushan” as his alias when he took part in the revolutionary activities, he was respectfully and widely called Mr.Sun Zhongshan in China.On October 12, 1866, Mr.Sun was born in a farmer's family in Caiheng village of Xiangshan county(the present-day zhongshan City), Guangdong Province.When he was still young, he had great expectations.He studied medicine in Honolulu, Hong Kong and some other places and after graduation he worked as a practitioner in Gangzhou, Macao and other places Later he gave up medicine as his profession to take part in political activities.In 1905, he set up China Alliance Organization in Japan and he was elected president.He put forward the famous guiding principle-“driving the invaders out, restoring the sovereignty of China, establishing a republic and equalizing the land ownership” and the Three People's Principles-“Nationalism, Democracy and the People's Livelihood.” On October 10, 1911, the Wuchang uprising broke out and Dr.Sun as elected President of the Republic of China by representatives from seventeen provinces.On the following New Year's day(January 1, 1912)Mr.Sun took the oath of office in Nanjing.From then on, Mr.Sun experienced Yuan Shikai's usurpation, the Second Revolution, “Campaign Protecting the Interim Constitution.” In 1921, Mr.Sun took the position of President in Unusual Times in Guangzhou.At the first National Congress of Kuomintang held in Quangzhou in 1924, he perfected the original Three People's Principles and put forward Three people's New Principles.He also proposed the policies of “Making an alliance with Russia and the Communist Party of China and helping the farmers and workers.” In November 1924, in spite of his illness, Mr.Sun went up to Beijing to discuss state affairs with General Feng Yuxiang.Unfortunately, he broke down from constant overwork and passed away on March 12, 1925.The location of the Mausoleum was chosen by Mr.Sun himself.Here is exactly a good place to build a mausoleum.You may wonder: Mr.Sun was born in Guangdong but died in Beijing.For his whole life he traveled throughout China for the revolution.Why did he choose Nanjing as the venue of his tomb?

It is said that far before Mr.Sun took office in 1912, the abbot of Lingu Monastery had recommended him that his place is good for fengshui, because it faces the plain and is backed up by green mountains as its protective screen.On March 31, 1912 Mr.Sun resigned as a political compromise for the sake of the union of the North China and the South China.One day of the early April, he went hunting with Hu Hanmin around the Piety Tomb of Ming Dynasty.They took a rest in the place where the Mausoleum is located now.Mr.Sun looked around and said “If possible I would like my countrymen to allow me to have this place to bury my coffin.” Surely, the fengshui of the Zijing Mountain is not the basic reason for the location of Mr.Sun's mausoleum.The basic reason is that, he said on dying “After my death, you can bury me at the foot of the Zijin Mountain in Nanjing in memory of the Revolution of 1911, because Nanjing is where the temporary government was founded.”So although Mr.Sun stayed in Nanjing not a long time, it had a special meaning to him.Fundamentally speaking, the reason he chose Zijing Mountain as his permanent resting-place is to commemorate the revolution of 1911 and to encourage the revolutionaries.In order to respect Mr.Sun's wish, the Preparatory Committee of Sun Yat-sen's Funeral, including his wife Song Qingling and his son Sunke, examined the area and chose the site for the Mausoleum.They delimited 2000 mu and offered a reward in newspaper for the best design of the Mausoleum.Among all the contribution, young architect Lu Yanzhi's design, a design in the shape of a bell, was highly praised and gained the first prize and he himself was invited to supervise the whole project as well.On March 12,1926, the first anniversary of Mr.Sun's death, the project got started and 3 years later, it was completed in spring of 1929.It cost 1.5 million silver collars totally.Unfortunately, LuYanzhi, the young architect with great gift, suffered when supervising the project, and died at 35, just before the completion of the Mausoleum.The completion ceremony was held on June 1, 1929 and Mr.Sun's remains were transported from Beijing to Nangjing.From then on, Mr.Sun has slept here for nearly 70 years.The construction of Dr.Sun Yat-sen's Mausoleum was an important event in the history of Nanjing.In order to meet Mr.Sun's coffin, the first asphalt road was built from Zhongshan Port in the west to Zhongshan Gate in the east;it is 12 kilometres in length and also called Zhongshan Road.Up to today, Zhangshan Road is still one of the most important main roads.At the same time, the city gate Chaoyang Gate which was built in Ming Dynasty was renovated and Changed its name to Zhongshan Gate.Between Zhongshang Gate and Dr.Sun Yat-sen's Mausoleum, a road called the Mausoleum Road was built.Just as the people of Paris take pride of their les Champs-Elysees and the people of New York, the Fifth Avenue, the nanjing people are proud of their boulevards.And the 3 kilometers long Mausoleum Road is undoubtedly the best representative of these boulevards.Along both sides of the “green corridor” grows the main kind of tree in Nanjing as parasols Usually Chinese people call them French plane trees, in fact they are Chinese local products.Just because Frenchmen took them from Yunnan Province to France and later they transplanted them in their leased territory in Shanghai, that is why they got such a name.Now, we are going out of the Zhongshan Gate and driving along the Mausoleum Road.The destination ahead is a square in shape of crescent.According to Lu Yanzhi's design, the place of the Mausoleum is like a “duo”, a big wooden bell, which was used to announce a policy, decree or a war in ancient time.Duo's sound is loud and clear, implying to make the whole world peaceful and happy.The design reminds the people of Dr.Sun Yat-sen's well-known saying “The revolution is far from success and we should continue working hard.” This saying also serves s an alert to the later generation.The crescent-shaped square is the bottom of the “Bell of Freedom”.Now, please look to the south.There is an octagon platform structured with reinforced concrete but covered with Jinshan stone of Suzhou.The platform is divided into three layers and each layer is enclosed by stone rails.The copper “ding”(an ancient cooking vessel)with two looped handles and two legs weighs 5000 kg.IT is 4.25 meters high and its diameter is 1.23 meters.It is one of the construction for memory of the mausoleum.The “ding ” was built in autumn, 1933 with donation of students and teaching staff of the Zhongshan University and Mr.Dai jitao.One side of the “ding ” is engraved with three characters “Intelligence, Humanity and Brevity”.These three words are the school instruction of Zhongshan University.Inside of the “ding ”stands a hexagon copper tablet on which Dai Jitao's mother's handwriting of the “Filial Piety” is engraved.To the bell-shaped mausoleum the “ding ” is just like the pendulum.It seems to serve to alarm the whole nation by striking the bell.Stepping on the steps, we will see a soaring memorial archway with four columns.The archway was built between 1931 and 1933, 12meters high and 17.3 meters in width.It is made of huge Granite from Fujian Province, but its structure is in Chinese traditional wood structure style.Now, look up at the shining words inscribed on the horizontal board.The word in English mean fraternity.They were written by Dr.Sun Yat-sen.The word are taken from a Tang Dynasty poet Han Yu's “Fraternity is humanity ”.It is said that Mr.Sun very much liked to write these two words to others.Dr.Sun devoted his whole life to bourgeois democratic revolution with great fraternity and struggled for the national independence and freedom fro scores of years.So we can say that “fraternity” is the best generalization of his life.Further from the Fraternity Archway, there is a road leading to the mausoleum.The road is 480 meters long and dozens of meters wide.The whole design of the mausoleum gives prominence to Chinese traditional style, grand, solemn and specific.In order to embody the greatness of Mr.Sun, the Mausoleum followed the example of ancient mausoleums and was built against mountains and the coffin chamber was placed at the top of the mountain that is 160 meters high.In addition, the plants of the Mausoleum are symmetric, which make it feel more solemn.Now, please look forward to the north, along the hillside, situate the mausoleum Gate, the Stele Pavilion, the Memorial Hall and the coffin chamber right behind.The pines, cypresses, ginkgoes and maples on the both sides of the road represent Mr.Sun's revolutionary spirit and lofty quality.They take the place of statues and stone beasts which usually flanked the sacred road in ancient times.Among the trees, cedar is one of the “four kinds of tree for appreciation” and has been honored as the tree of Nanjing City.The grand archway at the end of the Mausoleum Road is the formal beginning of the mausoleum area.IT is 16 meters high, 27 meters wide and 8.8 meters deep.It is made of granite from the Fujian Province, too.Inscribed on the horizontal board of the middle passage is Dr.SunYat-sen's handwriting.It means that the state doesn't belong to one family but belongs to the entire nation and the common people.This is the goal for which Mr.Sun struggled for his whole life and it is also the excellent explanation of the Democracy of the Three People's Principles.We have passed the gate of the Mausoleum, then in front of us is the Stele Pavilion.The 9-meter high stele in the middle of the pavilion was engraved with 24 gold-plating characters of Yan Zhenqing style, “Chinese KMT buried Premier Sun here on June 1, 18th year of the Republic of China”.These words were written by one of the founder members of KMT, Tan Yankai.When talking about setting up a stele, Wang Jing wei and Hu Hanmin were arranged to write an inscription for Mr.Sun, but two years passed, yet nothing they could write.Because they thought that Mr.Sun's merits couldn't be generated by word, then they chose to use the present from to praise Dr.Sun without engraving an inscription.Going out of the pavilion, we'll see numerous layers of steps.The people of Nanjing often say that the steps in the Mausoleum ware as number as the stone lions on Lugou Bridge(known for Westerners as Marco Polo Bridge).So when coming here tourists usually ask, “how many steps on earth are there in the Mausoleum?” My friends, if you are interested you can count them.Now we are coming near the top platform.Look, there are two big copper “ding”.They were contributed by Shanghai municipal government of that time.Now, please look carefully.There are two holes in the bottom of the left “ding”.Why? Just let me tell you.In late 1937, when the Japanese army attacked Nanjing, their shooting left two holes in the left ding.Now, although the circumstances have changed, the two holes always remind Chinese people not to forget the national humiliation.Not far away, there are two bronze dings in ancient style.They are presented by Mr.Sun's son Sun Ke and his family.Ascending the steps, now we have reached the top of the platform.Here we can have a bird-view of what it is in the distance.The Memorial Hall is the half way up to the mountain and there are altogether 392 steps covered if you count from the archway of Fraternity.The vertical distance is 70 meters but the plane distance is 700 meters.If you count the steps from the Stele Pavilion, the number of steps is 290.In order to avoid monotone, the architect divided the 392 steps into 10 parts and every part has a platform and there are totally 10 such platforms.More marvelous, if you look up from the bottom, you can see that the steps extend to the top without stop and you cant see any platform.But if you look down from the top, you only see the platforms.The number of the steps, 392, is not a random number;it implied the number of Chinese population at that time-392 million.Now we are in front of the Memorial Hall and the coffin Chamber.They are the major parts of the Mausoleum.The construction of these two building was supervised then by Lu Yanzhi, the gift young designer.If is when he was doing these two building he died of cancer.So when the later generation mentions him they would often say, “It is a great pity he died before his complete success.” The structure of the Sacrificed Hall is of an ancient wooden palace style.It is 30 meters long, 25 meters wide and 29 meter high, surrounded by smaller constructions of fortress style and two 12.6-meter-high cloud columns.Its roof, with double-eaves and nine ridges, is covered with blue glare tiles.The outside of wall is covered with granite from Hongkong.The inscription on the horizontal board is engraved with seal characters cut in relief-“Naturalism” “Democracy” and “The people's livelihood”.These are the most basic and general guiding principles of Mr.Sun's revolutionary activities.Above “Democracy”, there is a horizontal inscription board with Sun's handwriting on it, “Fill the World with Justice”.Please follow me into the Memorial Hall.The floor is covered with white and black marble from Yunnan Province.The colors of white and black are among the traditional color for burial ceremonies in China.There are 12 black stone columns, with 0.8 meter as the diameter for each.You will see that the interiors of the walls around are inset with black marble.Now you can have a look at Mr.Sun Yat-sen's handwriting of “Programme for Founding a State”, engraved on the east and west walls.The main colors of the Hall are black, white and blue, which are used to express filial piety in China.The inside windows are inlaid with smaltos.They present western flavors especially with floods of sunshine.The style of the whole structure is a blend of the East and the West, representing the well blended doctrine of Dr.Sun Yat-sen.In the middle is the sitting statue of Dr.Sun Yat-sen in a robe.It is 4.6 meters high and the bottom is 2.1 meters wide.It was sculpted by the famous French sculptor Paul Arinsky whose native country is Poland.He was entrusted by the committee of Dr.Sun Yat-sen's Funeral for sculpting it.He chose the Italian marble as the material for the statue.In 1930, the sculpture was sent to the Mausoleum from Paris.Its total cost was 1.5 million francs.The sic relief below are pictures depicting Mr.Sun's life and revolutionary activities.Passing through the Hall, we have come to the Coffin Chamber.There are two doors that you need to get through.The outer door consists of two American-made safety door leafs which are made of copper.The nails on them and the mysterious beasts on the copper loops are typical of traditional Chinese.The horizontal inscription board was engraved with “The noble spirit will never perish ” which was Sun's handwriting for the 72 martyrs' tomb in Harangue Mound of Guangzhou.The second door is a single copper leaf engrave with seven characters “Mr.Sun Yat-sen's tomb” which were written by Zhang Jing jiang.The tomb is a half globe in shape.The design of KMT emblem is mosaicked in the vaulted dome.The floor of the round room is covered with marble.The room's diameter is 18 meters and the height is 11 meters.The walls are covered with pink marbles.The circular marble pit is 1.7 meters deep and 4.35 meters in diameter.It is enclose with 1-meter-high white marble rails.In the pit lays Dr.Sun Yat-sen lying statue in Zhongshan Suit.This is sculpted in accordance to Mr.Sun's remains by a Czechoslovakian sculptor.His copper coffin is lying about 5 meters below the sculpture.You may ask why on earth the clothes Dr.Wears for the sitting statue are totally different from those for the lying one? In those years, the leftists and the rightists inside of the KMT had severe conflicts.The rightists, headed by Chang Kai-shek wanted to restore the ancient ways and opposed revolution.They insisted that Mr.Sun should wear long robe, while the leftists insisted he wear Zhongshan Suit.Since they had different opinions thus the two statues have different clothes styles.My friends, I'm afraid you must be concern about whether Mr.Sun remains are in the tomb or not.In fact, his remains had a unusual experience.After his death, his remain were dealt with antiseptic and placed in Biyun Monastery in Beijing in March, 1925.When the warlord Zhang Zong chang was defeated by the North Expeditionary Army and withdrew to Beijing in 1926, he ascribed his failure to Mr.Sun's remains and decided to burn them.It is the patriotic general Zhang Xuelian who sent troops to protect the remains.Unfortunately they were once exposed to the air though they were safe again.On May 28, 1929, Mr.Sun's coffin was sent to Pukou from Beijing by Jinpu Railway, and on June 1 it reached the Mausoleum.After the Grand Ceremony of Feng'an, the coffin and the remains were put into the pit and used cement to concrete it.The bottom of the tomb is granite.Under the copper coffin, there is a specially made wooden pad and enclosing the coffin is a well-sealed crystal box.After the breakout of the Resistance War against Japan, KMT government planed to transport the remains to Chongqing and at the end of the liberation war, Chang Kai-shek planed to transport it to Taiwan this time.Because it was not an easy job to take the coffin out and the work might do damage to the remains as well, this plan was fiercely attacked by the engineering field and the left wing of the KMT.At last Chang gave up the plan.So the remains have stayed here safely up to today.Passing through the door in the back wall of the square outside you will arrive at the Mausoleum Park.The back wall of the park is an “Exhibition of Construction of Dr.Sun Yat-sen's Mausoleum ”.The Exhibition contains nearly 200 precious historic materials which show the construction of the Mausoleum and the process of the transportation of Mr.Sun's remains.Beside the main structure, there are also some constructions around the Mausoleum built in memory of Mr.Sun.Most of the constructions are built after 1929 with the donation of those from both all trades in China and overseas Chinese.The Fraternity Pavilion on top of the Plum Hill is built with the donation of a Taiwanese compatriot.IT was completed on November 12,1993, the 127th anniversary of Mr.Sun's birthday.Ladies and gentlemen, Mr.Sun struggled for a better China for his whole life and overthrew monarch feudalist system which lasted for more than 2000 years.He carried out the three principal policies of “Making an alliance with Russia and the Communist Party of China and helping the farmers and workers” in his later days.The great feat Mr.Sun has achieved has gained great respect and praise from people from both home and abroad.After liberation, both central and local governments have exerted great efforts in preserving this excellent heritage.Now, as one of the “Top Forty Tourist Resorts in China” Dr.Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum receives numerous Chinese and international friends every years.People come here to pay homage to Mr.Sun.Today, the unification has become the main tendency in terms of the relations between the Chinese on both sides of the Straits.I believe that most Chinese people, from both home and abroad, are expecting from the bottom of heart the coming of the day when our country is united and getting more prosperous.At that time, when hearing this.Dr.Sun would smile and be satisfied for sure in the other world.OK, thank you very much for your cooperation.Good-bye and good luck!

Expo 2010 Shanghai China

世博会会徽 Expo emblem

世博会徽标 Expo Logo

世博会吉祥物 Expo Mascot

世博会纪念品 Expo Souvenir

世博园 Expo Park

世博会主题 Expo theme

世博园区 the Expo Site

主题馆 the theme pavilions

国际馆 International Pavilion

主题馆 Theme Pavilion

企业馆 Enterprise Pavilion

中国馆 China Pavilion

世博会村 the Expo Village

世博中心 the Expo Center

世博餐饮中心 Expo Dining Center

专题讨论会 symposium

志愿者 volunteers

城市，让生活更美好 Better city, better life.公共服务 public service

信息中心 the Information Center

服务中心 the Service Center

急救中心 the Emergency Center

世博急救中心 Expo First-aid Center

国际会议中心 International Convention Center

金融贸易区 Finance and Trade Zone

保税区 free Trade Zone

故居 Former Residence of

影城 Film Art Center

市中心 downtown

志愿者 volunteers

黄浦江 the Huangpu River

商厦 Commercial Building

地标 landmark

路标 the road sign

公共交通 public transport

红绿灯 traffic lights

轻轨站 the light rail station

过江隧道 tunnels under the river

轮渡 ferry

专线大巴 the shuttle bus

园内巴士 the on-site bus

518路公共汽车站 No.518bus stop

地铁站 a metro station

地铁8号线 Metro Line 8

停车场 the parking lot

叫辆出租车 hail a taxi 停车 park one’s car

旅游景点 tourist attractions

游客 tourist

导游 guide

入口处 entrance

外滩 the Bund

豫园 the Yu Garden

东方明珠 the Oriental Pearl Tower

上海大剧院 Shanghai Grand Theatre

金茂大厦 Jinmao Tower

世纪大道 Century Boulevard

夜游 night tour

不夜城 sleepless city

沧海桑田 ups and downs of time

长江三角洲 the Yangtze River Delta

磁悬浮列车 maglev train(magnetically levitated train);magnetic suspension train

大都市 metropolis;cosmopolis;metropolitan city;cosmopolitan city

东方明珠塔Oriental Pearl TV Tower

东海之滨的明珠 the pearl on the coast of the East China Sea

国际展览局 BIE International Bureau of Exhibitions

龙华寺 Longhua Temple

外滩 the Bund

信息港 infoport

黄浦江游cruise along the Huangpu River

玉佛寺 Jade Buddha Temple

豫园 Yu Yuan Garden

金贸大厦 Jinmao Tower

城隍庙 Town God’s Temple

上海国际会议中心 Shanghai International Convention Center

(南浦，杨浦，徐浦，卢浦)大桥 Nanpu/ Yangpu/ xupu/ lupu(suspension)Bridge

(浦东)滨江大道 Riverside Promenade

外滩观隧道 Sightseeing Tunnel at the Bund

(浦东)世纪公园 Century Park

上海体育馆Shanghai Stadium

上海大剧院 Shanghai Grand Theater

上海科技馆 Shanghai Science & Technology Museum

虹口足球场 Shanghai Hongkou Football Stadium

上海植物园Shanghai Botanical Garden

水族馆 aquarium

第五篇：导游英语

导游英语常用词汇 group visa 集体签证 departure lounge 出境旅客休息室 3 board the plane 上机 4 take oof 起飞 5 exit visa 出境签证 6 luggage rack 行李架 7 platform ticket 站台票 8 express extra ticket 特快票 mother-and-child room 母婴候车室 10 identity card 身份证 foreign escorted tour 国外派导游的旅游团 2 final itinerary 最终旅行路线 3 full appointment 全项委托 best-selling China-tours 最畅销的中国旅游路线 5 entertainments and diversions 娱乐或变换节目on-shore visit 上岸参观 estimated time of arrival 预计抵达时间 8 travel arrangements 旅行安排 9 mini destination area 中途小目的地 10 sightseeing tour 观光旅行 type of accommodation desired 要求住宿的类型cash in advance 预付现金 3 cash payment on departure 离店现付 4 automated bill 自动开账单 5 ambulatory room 残疾人专用房 6 hold mail 留交邮件 registration form of temporary residence临时住宿登记表change slip 客人住房变动单 9 assistant manager 经理助理 10 basement car park 地下停车场 customs luggage declaration form 海关行李申报单 2 unaccompanied baggage 非随身载运行李 3 luggage chek-in counter 行李过磅处 4 parking area 停车场 5 transfer passenger 转机旅客 6 airport inquiries 机场问讯处 7 tour leader 旅游团领队 8 time difference 时差 non-smoking room 禁烟室 10 reception program 接待计划 朝圣的游客 pilgrim 2 登上探险旅行 mountaineering and adventure tour 3 发源地 cradleland 4 悬崖峭壁 sheer cliffs and steep mountains 5 道教圣地 the Taoist Holy Place 6 温泉 hot spring 7 自然景观 natural wonders 8 常青树 evergreen trees 9 日出 sunries 10 海拔 above sea level 11 免费行李限额 free baggage allowance 12 超重费 excess baggage charge 13 登机口 boarding gate 14海关官员 customs officer 15 返程票 return ticket 水族馆 aquarium 2 传统文化 traditional culture 3 自然美景 natural beauty 4 商业区 commercial district 5 工业园 industrial zone 6 高新技术开发区 Hi-tech Development Zone 7 高速公路 expressway 8 立交桥 flyover 9 地铁 underground 10 儿童乐园 children’s playground 精选路线 selected itinerary 2 附加旅游项目 add-ons 3 自由活时time for personal arrangements 4 特别服务要special service requirement 5 组团人数 group size 6 民俗旅游 folk custom tour 7 行业考察旅游 trade observation tour 8 路线图 itinerary map 9 旅游者过夜数 guest night 10 延长逗留 extension of stay

1自然保护区 natural reserve 2 水上公园 water park 3 风景点 scenic spots 4 民俗风情 folk custom 5 人造奇迹 man-made wonders 国际杂技节 International Acrobatic Festival 7 名胜古迹 places of historic interests 8 黄鹤楼 Yellow Crane Tower 9 鱼米之乡 the land of rice and fish 10 建筑技术 construction technology 11 办手续 go through the formalities 12 合单结账 one bill for all 13 储存贵重物品 store the valubles 14外币兑换 foreign currency exchange 国内航线 domestic flight 2 海关手续 customs formalities 3 手提行李 hand luggage 4 航班号 flight number 5 免税商店 duty-free shop 6 旅客联 passenger coupon 7 行李认领牌 baggage claim card 8 入境签证 entry visa 9 软卧 soft berth 10 旅客通道 passenger route

odd customer 散客 hard sleeper 硬卧 hard seat 硬座

upper(lower)berth 上（下）铺 hard berth 硬卧 soft berth 软卧 硬卧客车sleeping carriage with semicushioned berths 硬卧票Berth Ticket

硬卧车third class sleeping carriage;YW

The Great Wall长城

ancient civiization古代文明

the wonders in the word世界奇迹

the Pamir Pateau帕米尔高原

the roof of the word世界屋脊

defensive project防御工程

the northern nomadic tribes北方游牧民部落

scenic spot景点

Spring and Autumn Warring States Period春秋战国时期

the Warring States Period战国时期

the strategic point战略要地

harassment骚扰

the Huns匈奴

the op Nur ake罗布泊湖

Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region新疆维吾尔自治区

fourishing period盛世

the remnant forces残余势力 tribe of“Nu Zhen”女真族

the conciiation poicy or good-neighbor poicy 睦邻友好政策 the commanding point制高点 woves'dung狼粪

“convenient transportation to a directions” 四通八达 the parpets女儿墙，矮墙

“Eight Views of Vanjing” 燕京八景 “The Crossing Road Pagoda” 过街塔 “Goden-Winged-Bird”金翅鸟 the Four Heaveny Kings四大天王 the Buddha of Ten Directions 十方佛 arms and ammunition武器弹药(军火)“doube sides battements” 双边垛

“branch was” 支墙

battements垛口

protrusion突起物，突起的部分

the“Barrier Wa” 障墙

sheer ciffs悬崖峭壁

“Heaveny adder” 天梯

“Heaveny Bridge” 天桥

“Watching the Capita Tower” 望京楼

ooking-Toward BeUing Rock 望京石

centraize feuda country中央集权制的封建国家

standardized the currency统一货币

burn books and bury the iterati in pits焚书坑儒

Yae University耶鲁大学(美国)

the rairoad engineering facuty of the civi—engineering department 土木工程系(铁路工程专业)

major in civi and raiway engineering铁路专修科

B.S.degree理学学士学位

China Raiway Company 中国铁路公司

faacy 谬论

perseverance坚忍不拔，不屈不挠

cimb叩his and down daes翻山越岭

the first-hand materia 第一手材料

ocomotive火车头

two vertica wes and six cutting edges method 竖井施工和六面工作法

Pass Vaey关沟

Nankou Pass南口

Juyongguan Pass居庸关

Shangguan Pass上关

the Ming Tombs 明陵

natural calamity 自然灾害

make a livelihood谋生

take tonsure出家，削发为僧

beg alms化缘

the Red Turban Peasant Army 红巾军

hereditary system 世袭制度

the eldest son长子

wiping out the evils around the emperor/wiping out evil for the country清君侧

whereabouts下落，行踪

“Thirteen Ming Tombs” 十三陵

strategic position战略要地

“Auspicious Area”吉壤

the western geomancy 西方泥土占卜

geomancer泥土占卜者(风水先生)

the Yellow Earth Hill黄土山

the Dragon Hill龙山

the Tiger Hill虎山

the Heavenly Longevity Hill 天寿山

“Officials and others should dismount from their horseback” 官员人等至此下马

palanquins轿子

tortoise龟

“Tablet of Divine Merits and Sagely Virtue of Chang Ling of the Great Ming”.大明长陵神功圣德碑

filial piety 孝顺

Stone Statues石象生

Dragon and Phoenix Gate龙凤门

Flame Gate火焰门

the“Heavenly Gate” 天门

The five stone altar-pieces石五供

the netherworld 阴间

human sacrifice/human offerings人殉

abrogate 取消，废除

commit suicide 自杀

abolish废除

Soul Tower 明楼

“precious castle and precious dome”宝城，宝顶

“Divine Merit Stele” 神功圣德碑

elixir炼仙丹

Crown Prince皇太子

ascended the throne登基

archaeologist考古家

excavate/excavation挖掘

archaeological team考古队

“Diamond Wall”金刚墙

the Underground Palace 地宫/地下宫殿

panoramic view 全景

unearth发掘，出土

reproduction复制品，赝品

gold crown金冠

phoenix crown凤冠

precious stones 宝石

Sri Lanka斯里兰卡

gold ingots and silver ingots金锭，银锭

the funeral object殉葬品，随葬品

wooden figurine 木俑

taper off逐渐…细，小

pivot枢轴

rational 合理的 gravity重心

axle轴

Self-Acting Stone 自来石

five glazed pottery altar-pieces琉璃五供

the“Ever Lasting Lamp”长明灯

wick灯芯

the coffin-platform/the coffin dais棺

the Tempe of Heaven 天坛

the Tempe of Heaven and Earth 天地坛

the Tempe of Earth 地坛

the Atar of Prayer for Grain祈谷坛

worship the God of Heaven 祭天

pray for good harvest祈谷

the 15th day of the first unar month正月十五

winter sostice 冬至

summer sostice 夏至

bumper harvest大丰收

sacrificia ceremony祭祀仪式

pray to the Heaven for rain祈雨

sacrificia activities祭祀活动

circuar shaped buiding圆形建筑

the heaven was round and the earth square天圆地方

cone-shaped圆锥形

dark bue gazed ties深蓝颜色的琉璃瓦

the Ha of Great Sacrifice大祀殿

the Ha of Great Enjoyment大享殿

cement水泥

nai钉子

dovetai structure鸠尾榫、悬拱结构 bars木条，木杆 aths板条 brackets托架 joints榫、接头 rafters椽子

the 28 consteations 28星宿 “Dragon-We Piars”龙井柱

the tweve divisions of the day and night or the 1 2 two-hour period in Chinese 十二个时辰 24 soar terms in traditiona Chinese unar caendar 24节气 36 big Dippers on the heaven 36天罡 the Dragon and Phoenix Stone龙凤石 Heaveny Storehouse天库

the worshipping ceremony祭祀仪式

kowtow three times and nine prostrations三叩九拜 the seventy-two section connected house七十二联房 the Dippers北斗七星 meteorite 陨星 Taoist priest道士 “gate of he”鬼门关 Way of Spirit神道 the Imperia Road御道 the Road ofKing王道

the imperia chariot皇辇/皇舆 sacrificia garment祭服 span-work拱形

the principe of dynamics力学原理 taper off逐渐变细、逐渐减少 shrine龛

Manchu and Han anguages满文和汉文 prayers祈祷文

“Dragon Paviion”龙亭 hermeticay严丝合缝/密封

the Heaven-Worshipping Atar祭天坛 the ninth-tier sky九重天

the Heaveny Heart Stone 天心石 mutipe of nine九的倍数 circumference 圆周

the conductibiity of the sound waves声音传导 a good omen吉兆

the Heaven Worshipping Ceremony祭天仪式 the Supreme Harmony Be太和钟 ushering the God of Heaven迎帝神 presenting offerings祭帝神

seeing the deities off送帝神 “beamess ha”无梁殿

the three-day fast斋戒三天 pious虔诚的 abstain from戒…

abstain from the handing of crimina cases不理刑名 inner Paace of Abstinence 内斋宫 outer Paace of Abstinence外斋宫

the Fasting Bronze Figure Stone Paviion斋戒铜人石亭 “fasting board”斋戒牌

the“figure of abstinence”斋戒铜人

the famous minister Weizheng of the Tang Dynasty唐朝宰相魏征 the music officia engqian of the Ming Dynasty明朝乐官冷谦 the eunuch Gangbing of the Ming Dynasty明朝太监刚炳

The Summer Paace颐和园

the best-preserved imperia garden保存最完好的皇家园林

ongevity Hi万寿山

Kunming ake昆明湖

disorder杂乱无章

masterpiece杰作

The Goden Hi Paace金山行宫

Goden Water Pond金海

Jar Hi瓮山

Jar Hi Pond瓮山泊

Kubai Khan忽必烈

hydrauic expert水利专家

Yuanjing Tempe园静寺

the Wonderfu Imperia Residence好山园

Three His and Five Gardens 三山五园

Fragrant Hi香山

Jade Spring Hi玉泉山

ongevity Hi万寿山

Garden of Everasting Spring畅春园

Garden of Perfection and Brightness 圆明园

Garden of Cear Rippes清漪园

Garden of Tranquiity and Brightness静明园

Garden of Tranquiity and Peasure静宜园

Tempe of Gratitude for ongevity大报恩延寿寺

Tempe of Paying Great Gratitude and Wishing for ongevity 大报恩延寿寺

the Yangtze River长江(扬子江)

the Ango-French Aied Forces英法联军

pinch勒索，诈取

the navy fund海军军费

curry favor with sb.讨好某人

the Aied Forces of Eight Powers八国联军

Beijing Municipa Government北京市政府

cear away the sudge清淤

anter角

hoof蹄子

the Ha of Diigent Government勤政殿

bat蝙蝠

on informa occasions非正式场合

the Great Theatre Buiding or the Big Stage大戏楼，大戏台

The Studio of Unimpeded Sound畅音阁

The Studio of Cear Sound清音阁

makeup化妆

the Ha of Peasure Smie颐乐殿

rickshaw人力车

vintage car老式轿车

toerate容忍，忍受

daiy necessities日常生活用品

happiness，emoument，ongevity福，禄，寿

ceestia being神仙，天仙

devis妖魔鬼怪

a hundred birds paying homage to the phoenix百鸟朝凤

a peacock dispaying its fu pumage孔雀开屏

embroidery刺绣

Yuexiu粤绣(广东)Xiangxiu 湘绣(湖南)Suxiu苏绣(苏州)Shuxiu蜀绣(四川)narcissus水仙花

Peking Opera fan京剧戏迷

gassware玻璃器皿

Famiy Bankruptcy Rock败家石

chandeiers枝形吊灯

make a big fortune发笔大财

the Gate of Greeting the Moon邀月门

Guinness word Record吉尼斯世界纪录

the Word Cutura Heritage世界文化遗产

A long，long life万寿无疆

Six Harmonious Tower六和塔

the statue of Guanyin Bodhisattva with thousand hands and eyes

the ongevity Hi and Kunming ake 万寿山昆明湖

the portraits of Buddha of three ages三世佛像

mura paintings壁画

fairies and goddesses天仙神女

千手千眼观音菩萨

“Beamess Ha” 无梁殿 be survived幸存

boundess magic power法力无边 Five-Square Paviion 五方阁 the bronze fiings铜屑 wax moud拨蜡法

“Notes in ongevity Hi and Kunming ake” 万寿山昆明湖记

chant scriptures诵经

favorite concubine宠妃

be put under house arrest软禁

the Reform Movement in 1898戊戌变法

“Patform for Freeing the Caught”放生台

free captive fish and birds 放生

“Water can carry a boat，and it aso can capsize a boat” never be overturned永不颠覆

Chinese stationery 文房四宝

ake Boundary Bridge界湖桥

oca Song Bridge豳风桥

Jade Bet Bridge玉带桥

Mirror Bridge镜桥

White Sik Bridge 练桥

Wiow Bridge柳桥

Pengai Fairyand蓬莱仙岛

The Tempe of Dragon King龙王庙

the God of Rain雨神

coupet对联

be brought under contro被控制

Khitan契丹族人

diehard foower死心塌地的走狗

the Garden within a Garden 园中园

Hui Shan Garden惠山园

Jichang Garden寄畅园

take a nap午睡、小憩

The Studio of Distant Views 眺远斋

Tower for Watching the Tempe Fair看会

the eight“interests” 八趣

Interest of the four seasons时趣

Interest of water 水趣

Interest of bridge桥趣

Interest of caigraphy书趣

Interest of paviion楼趣

Interest of painting 画趣

Interest of corridor廊趣

Interest of imitation仿趣

水能载舟，亦能覆舟

“Fresh View Tower” 瞩新楼

Forbidden City故宫(禁城)

Purpe Forbidden City紫禁城

Imperia Paace皇宫

The Paace Museum故宫博物院

the North Star北极星

astronomer天文学家

consteation星座、星宿

The 1911 Revoution辛亥革命

God of Heaven上帝

the son of the heaven天子

cosmic center宇宙中心

north-south centra axis南北中轴线

watch-tower角楼

the outer court and the inner court外朝内廷

the six eastern paaces and six western paaces东西六宫

the word heritage世界遗产

UNESCO(the United Nations' Educationa，Scientific and CuturaOrganization)联合国教科文组织

the meridian ine子午线

Five-Phoenix Tower五凤楼

to announce the new unar year caendar 颁布次年历书

the ceremony of“accepting Captives of War” 献俘大典

“Court Beating”廷杖

the paace examination殿试

Confucius孔夫子

Benevoence仁

Righteousness义

Rites礼

Inteigence智

fideity信

to ward off the evi spirits避邪

prosperity of the roya famiy's offspring/the fertiity of the imperia famiy子嗣昌盛

three kowtows and nine prostrations 三叩九拜

caudron大缸

the Aied Forces of Eight Powees八国联军

thousands of dragons spouting water千龙吐水

the Ha of iterary Gory文华殿

the Paviion of the Source of iterature文渊阁

the Compete ibrary in the Four Branches of iterature四库全书

sundia 日晷

grain measure嘉量

time measure计时器

rotation of the earth地球自转

incination ange斜角

gazed ties琉璃瓦

auspiciousness吉祥

subdue fire降火、克火

evi spirits妖魔鬼怪

Throne ha/the Ha of God Throne金銮殿

Winter Sostice冬至

Manchuria满洲国

Puppet Emperor傀儡皇帝

war crimina 战犯

be given amnesty大赦

botanica garden植物园

“From Emperor to Citizen”《我的前半生》

territoria integrity领土完整

Be Open and Above Board正大光明 water cock铜壶滴漏

chiming cock 自鸣钟

Roman numbers罗马数字

The Offices of the Privy Counci军机处

Just and Benevoent中正仁和

The Room of Three Rare Treasures三稀堂

power behind the throne/hoding court behind the curtain垂帘听政

Summer Resort避暑山庄

Paace coup宫廷政变

sma pox天花

100-day Reform百日革新

the Reform Movement in 1898戊戌变法

under house arrest软禁

the Ha of Manifesting Obedience体顺堂

“Euogy of ongevity”万寿无疆赋

Nine Dragon Screen/Nine Dragon Wa九龙壁

Dayu Harnessing Foods 大禹治水

the ceestia gobe天球仪

The Ha of Imperia Peace钦安殿

King of Xuan wu玄武帝

the twin cypress tree连理柏

Coecting Eegance Hi 堆秀山

The Imperia View Paviion御景亭 Chizaotang螭藻堂

the Essence of Compete ibray in the Four Branches of iterature 四库全书荟要

The peasant uprising农民起义

Five Eement五行

rice paper宣纸

Coa Hi煤山

Prospect Hi景山

Dominating Hi镇山

Emperor皇帝

Empress皇后

Empress Dowager皇太后

Concubine妃子

Eunuch 太监

Paace maids宫女

Tian'anmen Rostrum 天安门城楼

The Gate of Heaveny Succession 承天门

the Imperia City 皇城

Imperia Edict Issued by Goden Phoenix 金凤颁诏

the Minister of Rites 礼部官员

the Ministry of Rites 礼部

sik cord 丝带、丝绦

reserve 留作专用

nine-room wide and five-room deep 九间宽五间进深

The Book of Changes 《易经》

The Atar of and and Grain 社稷坛

The Working Peope's Cutura Paace 劳动人民文化宫

The Supreme Ancestra Tempe 太庙

The Imperia Bridge 御路桥

Royas'Bridge 王宫桥

Ministeria Bridge 品级桥

Common Bridge 公生桥

officias above the third rank 三品以上的官

sander piar 诽谤木、诽谤柱

signpost 路标、指路牌

over watch 守候、监视

the civi and miitary officias 文武官员

common peope 老百姓

audience 谒见

“The May 4th Movement”in 1919 1919年“五四”运动

“The March 18th Massacre”in 1926 1926年“三一八”惨案

“The December 9th Students'Movement”in 1935 1935年“一二·九”学生运动

the guards of honor 仪仗队

seamess stee tubes 无缝钢管

rusty生锈

futter飘动、飘扬

the fag-raising ceremony升旗仪式

the fag-owering ceremony降旗仪式

at sunrise日出、黎明

at sunset日落

horizon地平线

miitary band军乐队

T-shaped square T形广场

nationa embem 国徽

the 10，000-seat grand auditorium万人大礼堂

the simutaneous interpretation同声译

the presidium主席台、主席团

distinguished guests贵宾

cocktai party酒会

Standing Committee of the Nationa Peope's Congress 人大常委会

autonomous region 自治区

municipaity directy under the Centra Government直辖市

the specia administrative region特别行政区

the Nationa Peope's Congress全国人民代表大会(人代会)

the Centra Committee of the Communist Party of China 中国共产党中央委员会(党中央)

the Chinese Peope's Poitica Consutative Committee 政治协商委员会

the Chinese Peope's Poitica Consutative Conference政协会议

the State Counci国务院

preparation office筹办处

historica reics历史文物

on dispay展出

cornerstone奠基石

granite花岗岩

obeisk方尖碑

“Eterna Gory to the Peope's Heroes”!人民英雄永垂不朽!

caigraphy书法、笔迹

peony牡丹花

otus-fower荷花

purity纯洁

wreathes花圈、花环

dedication献给

the Burning of Opium in 1840 1840年鸦片战争

the Jintian Uprising in Guangxi of 1851 1851年金田起义

the Wuchang Uprising in Hubei of 1911 1911年武昌起义

the May 4th Movement of 1919 1919年五四运动

the May 30th Movement of 1925 1925年五卅运动

the Nanchang Uprising in Jiangxi of 1927(August 1st Uprising)南昌起义(八一南昌起义)

the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression from 1937 to 1945 抗日战争

Successfu Crossing of the Yangtze River by the Peope's iberation Army in 1949人民解放军胜利横渡长江

“Suppying the Front”and“Greeting the P..A.”支持前线、欢迎人民解放军

fortitude刚毅、坚韧

nobiity高贵、崇高

scupture雕像、群雕

marbe reief大理石浮雕

pass away去世

tapestry挂毯

Such a beauty is our motherand!江山如此多娇!crysta coffin水晶棺

the Arrow Tower箭楼