第一篇:从三到万(课文)
从三到万 马南邨
学习文化知识能不能走终南捷径呢?这是许多初学的同志时常提出的问题。对于这个问题的回答,不能过于笼统。一定说能或不能,都不恰当。这要看学习的是什么人,学什么,用什么方法等等,要按照具体情况进行分析。但是,一般地说,学文化应该一点一滴地慢慢积累,特别是初学的人不宜要求过急。
“文化”这个词儿在外国文里本来就是积累的意思。我国古代的读书人,很早就重视循序渐进的学习方法,这是符合于一般规律的正确方法。因为学习不但要靠理解力,还要靠理解记忆力,而无论一个人的理解力和记忆力无论有多强,要理解和记住刚学会的东西,总要有一个过程;哪一个妄人如果想一下子就把什么都学会,其结果必定要吃大亏。
有一个故事在明清人的笔记中重复出现了多次,尖锐地讽刺了这种妄人。这个故事是说:“有田舍翁,家资殷盛,而累世不识‘之’‘乎’。一岁,聘楚士训其子。楚士始训之搦(nuò)管临朱。书一画,训曰:一字;书二画,训曰:二字;书三画,训曰:三字。其子辄欣欣然,掷笔归告其父,曰:儿得矣,儿得矣;可无烦先生,重费馆谷也,请谢去。其父喜,从之。具币谢遣楚士。逾时,其父拟征召姻友万氏者饮,令子晨起治状,久之不成。父趣(cù)之,其子恚(huì)曰:天下姓氏夥(huǒ)矣,奈何姓万?自晨起至今,才完五百画也。”
这个故事比较通俗易懂,有的相声演员也曾讲过。但是,人们大都只把它当做笑话,而不把它看成一个严肃的讽刺性故事。我的看法不是这样,我以为我们应该从这个故事中,吸取一些关于学习方面的经验教训。
对于一个人来说,学习过程中有若干重要的关节,如果处理不好,往往会影响学习的成败。初学的一个最重要关节,就是在刚刚学会一、二、三或外国文A、B、C等等的时候,有一些轻浮的人,正如那个富翁的儿子一样,往往就“欣欣然”起来,以为“得矣,得矣”,什么都懂得了。这也好像学打拳的人,刚学会几个动作的时候,多半以为自己很了不得,处处想跟别人较量几下子。倒是学得多了,真正有了一些本领,才反而虚心起来。由此可见,越是没有本领的就越是自命不凡;越是有本领的才越谦虚谨慎。
从教学的过程来说,不管要学什么,教的人总要从易而难,逐步深入地把知识教给学生。因此,好的教师在开始的时候,应该给学生一个印象,觉得入门不难,往后才能越学越有信心。而学生如果自命不凡,看到入门很容易,就把老师一脚踢开,那么,他就什么也学不成。正如那个富翁的儿子一样,他以为从此可以不必再请老师了。殊不知他根本还不曾入门,只学会一、二、三,对于所谓“六书”等起码的知识一点也不懂,所以他父亲叫他给姓万的亲友写请帖,他就傻眼了。
实际上,一、二、三这三个字的确很好认,而从三到万,从文字结构上说却经过了许多复杂的变化。要懂得这些变化,也好像其他各种知识一样,必须逐渐学习,并且需要老师指导,不可能只凭什么“天才”就可以很快学会的。如果完全没有人教,倒很可能什么也学不会。我们之所以应该重视教师的作用,理由也就在此。
我们不懂的东西还很不少,都迫切需要虚心学习。但是,在学习上有许多问题,并没有得到彻底的解决。从三到万这个故事似乎对我们有一些启发。我们无妨以此为例,举一反三,想一想怎样才能更好地加强我们的学习吧。
第二篇:从三到万教案
教学目的
1·学习由一个故事引出论点的写法。2·学习用分论点说明事理。
3·认识学习必须谦虚谨慎,循序渐进的道理。
教学要求
1·启发学生阅读课文所引用的笑话故事(文言文)时,对照注释、查字典。此外,教师作适当的讲解,使学生准确把握故事的内容。
教学重点
1·学习由一个故事引出论点的写法。2·理解议论文语言的严密性。
教学难点
(① 学习文化要“慢慢积累”“不宜要求过急”,要“循序渐进”;
②学习过程中应当谦虚谨慎;
③ 应当重视教师的作用。
这三个论点之间并非并列关系,而是有主有次的:
第一点是揭示学习的规律,第二、三点是回答遵循这一规律,应怎么办的问题。因此,占主导地位的观点是第一个,应视为中心论点。)2·文中引用古代故事的主要作用是什么? ① 作为例证,证明第1、2段提出的论点(要“慢慢积累”“循序渐进”)
②引出后边第5~7段的两个小论点,便于议论得深化和扩充,使所讲问题更全面;③ 结合故事讲道理,使议论具体形象,通俗易懂,增强了文章的可读性。
课时安排
第1、2课时:通读课文,理清文章脉络,读懂文中所引用的故事。
第3、4课时:分析课文,理解从一个故事引出论点的写法。
第三篇:从三到万 公开课教案
《从三到万》公开课教案
一、教学目的
1.学习由一个故事引出论点的写法。
2.学习用分论点说明事理。
3.认识学习必须谦虚谨慎,循序渐进,重视教师的作用。
二、教学设想
《从三到万》是邓拓同志六十年代初期写的一篇杂文。作品巧妙地利用一则明清笔记中的故事,讲述学习应持有正确态度的道理,篇幅虽短小,但语言生动,富于哲理性。建议教师先指导学生疏通故事原文,口述故事大意,然后引导学生分析课文,体会通过讲故事引出中心论点的方法,领悟本文深刻的意义。
第一课时
一、教学重点
口述故事训练,理清文章结构。
二、教学过程
(一)导入:
“三”和“万”是两个相差悬殊的数字,可是它们之间却发生了一个非常有趣的故事,下面我们一起学习邓拓同志的杂文《从三到万》。
(二)解题:
题目新颖别致,两个数字用介词前后连接,使相差甚远的“三”与“万”之间架起了一座桥梁,引人深思:它们之间究竟有什么必然的联系,激发了读者的兴趣。
(三)作者简介:
马南邨是邓拓的笔名。邓拓(1912─1966),福建闽侯人。他是一位新闻工作者,著名学者。他博学多才,曾任《人民日报》《前线》杂志的总编辑,北京市委书记处书记等职。他为党的新闻事业作出了重大的贡献。主要著作有《中国救荒史》、《燕山夜话》等。“文革”开始时,被林彪、“四人帮”反党集团诬陷、迫害致死。
(四)指导学生疏通故事原文,对照书下注解正音正字,解释词语含义。(出示板书)
田舍翁:种田的老汉 家资殷盛:уīn 富裕
累世: lěi数代,接连几个世代 聘:pìn 请
搦管:nuò执笔 辄:zhé就,(副词)
掷笔告其父:zhì放下 谢去:指辞退 具币:准备
父趣之:cù 催促 其子恚曰: huì 抱怨
天下姓氏夥矣:huǒ 多
(五)组织学生分组口述故事梗概,初步议论这则故事说明了什么道理。教师最后归纳学生发表的各种意见,明确在学习上浅尝辄止,必然会失败。
(六)理清文章结构,指导学生在阅读时抓住各段的中心句。
全文共有八个自然段。
①②自然段由学文化入手讲述道理,然后提出应重视积累的观点。
③④自然段引述古代的一则故事,总结经验教训。
⑤自然段由故事引出学习应持什么态度。
⑥⑦自然段由学“一、二、三”数字的出现将两段连接起来,论述教师的重要作用。
⑧自然段最后作结,提出希望。
全文大致可以分为三个部分:
1.(1─ 2)初步析理提出论点。
2.(3─ 7)由故事引出分论点,加以论证。
3.(8)总结。
(七)小结:
这节课同学们进行了口语复述文言故事的训练,不仅加深了对古文的理解,而且锻炼了口才。特别是许多同学谈了自己从这则故事中悟出的道理,为下节课分析课文作好了准备。
文章结构大体理清,体会到由故事引出论点是常见的议论文写法之一。
布置作业
1.用简明的语言分别概述分论点。
2.做书后思考练习三、五题。
第二课时
一、教学重点
由一则故事引出分论点。
二、教学过程
(一)分析课文:(在讲解过程中检查学生作业情况)
第一部分(1─2)学习靠一点一滴积累、要循序渐进不可操之过急。开头用设问形式提出学习文化知识有无“捷径”的问题,指出“对于这个问题的回答,不能过于笼统”,而应看学习对象、内容、方法等,按照具体情况进行分析。”然后,从一般的学习规律入手,归纳出“学文化应该一点一滴地慢慢积累”这一论点。“一点一滴”形象说明了文化知识具有积少成多的特点,强调“点滴”积累的重要性,告诫初学者不宜急于求成。
作者在第2自然段中以古代读书人“重视循序渐进的学习方法”为例,从正反两方面说理,阐明学习要积累,要循序渐进的道理。
两个自然段之间,“文化”与“积累”自然衔接。
第二部分(3─7)讲述古代故事引出“学习应谦虚谨慎,应当重视教师作用”的论点。
第1层(3─4)引故事明理。文中楚士“三书三训”点明了学习的初级阶段。富翁之子掷笔“欣欣然”,形象生动地表现出他在学习上浅尝辄止。其父则“具币谢遣楚士”,后来“令子晨起治状”结果却闹出了笑话。第4自然段是承上启下的段落。用“一些学习方面的经验教训”自然引出以下的两个分论点。
第2层(5)学习应谦虚谨慎。
这段由初学阶段应持的学习态度谈起,并以富翁之子“欣欣然”,以为“得矣,得矣”的表现类比现实生活中那种轻浮的人的学习态度。为了把道理讲透彻,又用初学打拳的人与学有所成的人对比,顺理成章地提出分论点:学习应当谦虚谨慎,不能自命不凡。
第3层(6─7)学习应重视教师的作用。
第6自然段从教与学的关系入手进行议论。先谈教师的作用:由易到难传授知识,帮助学生树立“信心”。再谈学生不曾“入门”便踢开老师,最后只能落得“什么也学不成”。本段夹叙夹议再次以富翁之子为论证的依据。
第7自然段紧承上文,从“三”和“万(萬)”在文字结构上的复杂变化,联想到学生在教师的指导下才能领悟道理,掌握知识。接着从反面假设,说明“完全没有人教,倒可能什么也学不会”的道理,自然引出第二个分论点:学习应当重视教师的作用。
这部分结合故事讲道理,通过分析摆观点,自然连贯。与第一部分的论点,紧密联系,互为补充,形成一个完整的结构。从教说到学,又从学议到教,全面地阐明了作者的观点。
第三部分:总结全文,提出希望。
这是文章的收束段落,共有四句话。第一句中不懂的东西“很不少”,“迫切需要”学习,表明态度要谦虚。二至四句诚恳地提出希望,应正视学习中存在的问题,以富翁之子为戒,举一反三,改掉缺点,更好地学习。
(二)小结:
1.由故事引出论点,结合故事阐明学习的道理是本文的一大特色。用这种写法说理浅显易懂,又给读者耳目一新的感觉。
2.本文论点之间内在联系紧密。既然学习要点滴积累、循序渐进,不可操之过急,就必然要求具有谦虚谨慎的态度,必然要求重视教师的作用。论点前后照应互为补充。
3.本文语言严密,必要限制词的使用准确而有分寸,有效地增强了议论语言的严密性。
第四篇:从百草园到三味书屋 课文(英文版)
From Herbs to Sanweishuwu(English)text
Behind my house there is a large park, according to legend called Baicao garden.It is sold with the house already and the children of Zhuwen Gong, and even the last time the meet has also been an interval of seven or eight years, of which only some weeds seem conclusive;that time it was my paradise.Needless to say green vegetable bed, smooth Ishii bar, the tall acacia trees, purple mulberry;do not have to say that in the leaves, Zhang Yin Maemi, the Hornets fell on cauliflower obesity, the nimble called the Son of Heaven(The Lark)suddenly from the grass between dart gone to the sky.One is just around the foot of the wall along the mud, there is unlimited fun.Oil sinica here humming, crickets are playing here.Turn off bricks, sometimes met centipede;there cantharidin, if the backbone with your fingers hold it, it will snapped, while the smoke emitted from the rear orifices.Magnolia vine Polygonum wrapped rattan and contact with, a lotus magnolia fruit in general, the root of Polygonum multiflorum are bloated.Some say it is like the human form Polygonum multiflorum root, and eating can become immortal, so often I pull it up and continuously involved in pulling together, have so damaged the walls, but has never seen any kind of a root like a man.If you are not afraid of thorns, you can pick the raspberries, save as a small coral beads into a small ball, sweet and sour, taste and color was much better than the mulberry.Long grass is not, as was rumored that the garden there is a great serpent.Mom had told me long to listen to a story: In the past, there is a scholar in the hard living in the temple at night, enjoy the cool air in the yard, I suddenly heard someone call him.Agreed with all sides, when looking at a beauty Lian Lu fleet on the wall, to his smile, omitted.He was pleased;but actually going to happen to that old monk came to see through the organ.Yao Qi wrote on his face, must meet beautiful snake;This is the first snake monster who can call names, if a promise, the night will have to eat the flesh of this man.He naturally scared to death, and that the old monk is nothing wrong road, give him a small box, that as long as on the pillow, pillows clothes can be high.Although he still do, but always can not sleep,-of course not sleep.To the middle of the night, did indeed come up, Falling!Like the wind and rain outside.A heap when he was shaking, but excluded the sound heard, a golden flying out from the pillow, what a sound was heard outside, then, that gold will fly back, grabbing the box.What happened then? Later, the old monk said that this was a flying centipede, snake can suck the brains, beauty snake was killed by it.Results at the end of the lesson is: So if an unfamiliar voice called your name, you can not accept his million.The story is that I think the risk of life, summer shade, often a little worried, afraid to go to the wall, but most want to fly like a box of old monk centipede.Went to the bushes next to the Garden Herbs, they often think so.But until now, the total has not been, but have not met the serpent and the beauty snake.My name is common natural sounds strange, but not beauty snake.Comparison of winter Baicaoyuan tasteless;snow about, may different from the.Snowman film(to be printed in their full form of snow)and the plastic snow Lohan needs people appreciate that this is Huang Yuan, inaccessible, it is not affordable, have to catch birds.Thin layer of snow, is not enough;always subject to snow covered the ground a couple of days, feeding birds are long-time we go nowhere.On a sweep of snow, above the ground, supported by a rod from the side of a large bamboo screen, the following sprinkle blighted valley, tie a long rope on the stick, people holding far to see down the pecking birds, walking bamboo screen to the bottom when the rope a pull, it fell on.However, the majority from the sparrows, also has white cheeks Zhang birds, patience is very impatient, the raising of the night, however.This is Runtu father taught the method, I do not quite can.Clearly see that they go in, pull the rope, ran to look, but nothing, took a half-day power, and promoting, but three or four lives.Runtu father was able to capture a small half-dozen, packed in bags cried and beat upon the cross.I once asked him why gains and losses, he only laughed quietly: you are too impatient, too late to wait for it to come into its midst.I do not know why I sent the house of the book to go the private school, but also the whole city as the most serious book Sook.Perhaps because the pull Polygonum strike destroyed the walls, perhaps because the bricks thrown partitions of the Ka to the strike, probably because the bar standing jump Come Ishii strike......are not know.In short: I will not always to the Herbs park.Ade(German, meaning goodbye), my crickets!Ade, I have and magnolia are the raspberry!Out east, not the half, through a stone bridge, that is my husband's home.Bamboo from a door into the black oil, the third is the study.The middle hangs a plaque and said: Sanweishuwu;plaque Below is a picture, painted a very fat deer and fell under the old tree.No tablets of Confucius, we salute the TV drama plaque and deer.Be the first worship of Confucius, and the second regarded Mr.worship.The second salute, the President will be in the side of the Dali kindly.He is a tall, thin old man, hair is going gray, wore big glasses.I am very respectful to him, because I had heard, he is Founder of the city very, simple, learned man.I do not know from where to listen to, and Dongfang Shuo is also very knowledgeable, he knows a worm, the name Guaizai Yuanqi the technology, a pouring wine to dispel the.I would like to know the story in detail, but do not know A long, because she, after all, is not knowledgeable.Now get the chance, ask sir.“Sir, Oh, dear!This worm is how the matter?”......I went to students the book, will be back down, quickly asked.“No!” He seemed very upset, his face still looking angry was.I know that a student should not be asking these things, as long as reading, because he is knowledgeable of the Suru, and never so as not to know, do not know who called, but would not say.People older than I, is often the case, I met several back.I just read, noon calligraphy, the evening of the class.Mr.initially very hard on me these days, but later got better, but I read the book to gradually multiply, and of course also gradually add the word go, from three to Five-character words, and finally to the Seven.Sanweishuwu back also has a garden, though small, but there can also break up the wax to the plum flower, sweet-scented osmanthus trees in the ground or find free oneself.The best job is to catch flies to feed ants and quietly no sound.However, a classmate came to the garden too much, too long, may die, sir, they cried in the library: “People are gone!” People will go back one by one after another;with back, not the line.He had a cane, but not common, there are kneeling in the rules, but not common, ordinary general but staring glances, and loudly: “Reading” Then, we open the throat while reading the book, really voices.Have read “far off I want Ren Ren Adams Ren Zhi Yi”, and have read, “laughed one tooth missing, saying the dog sinus wide open”, and have read “on the nine Qianlongwuyong”, and have read the “rhetoric of soil under bud on the wrong Mao Jue Gong Ju You, ”the......President himself to study.Later, our voices will be low-down, quiet down, and only he read them aloud: Iron smug, suave command, are scared of a ride it ~ ~;gold ulterior Luo, reversed dripping alas, a thousand cup is not drunk ho ~ ~......I suspect this is an excellent article, as read here, he always smiled and looked up the head, shaking, to the back bend over bend over.Mr Reading ecstatic when we are very affordable at.There are several armor sets will use the papered a show in the nail.I was painting children, using a process called Jing Chuan paper, and kept in the novel's Illustrated description one by one down, as the impact of learning calligraphy to write the same time.Read the book increased, paintings also increased;not read into the book, the painting has a lot of achievements, the most into pieces is the &Dang and Journey to the West, the Illustrated, has a Big Ben.Later, in order to ask for money, sold to a rich classmate had.His father was a store open foil;heard that the owner now that he has done, and soon rose to the status of a gentleman.This is not the right thing already.
第五篇:第一课 从百草园到三味书屋课文梳理
第一课 从百草园到三味书屋课文梳理
1.划分段落层次,并概括各部分的主要内容2请用一句话概括第一部分的主要内容 3.为什么说百草园是我的乐园?
4.作者描写百草园的景色用了怎样一个句式把各种景物连接起来的? 5.不必说之后写了哪些景物,各有什么特点? 6.也不必说后写了哪些景物,各有什么特点?
7.请用简洁的语言概括一下短短的泥墙根一带有那些趣事? 8.文章写百草园,插入一段美女蛇的故事有何作用? 9.过渡段表现了作者什么样的思想感情?
10.作者写三味书屋,主要写了哪三方面的内容?
11.可以说,作者在三味书屋的读书是苦中有乐,请具体写出其中的苦和乐 12.细读全文,文章表达了作者什么样的思想感情? 13.指出下列句子所用的修辞手法
(1)油蛉在这里低唱,蟋蟀们在这里弹琴
(2)如果不怕刺,还可以摘到覆盆子,像小珊瑚珠串成的小球,又酸又甜
(3)也许是因为拔了何首乌毁了泥墙吧,也许是因为将砖头抛向间壁的梁家去了吧,也许是因为站在石井栏上跳下来了吧
14.作者从多方面描写了百草园的美景和无限趣味,请你从形状,颜色,声音和滋味四个方面各找出两个词。第二课 爸爸的花儿落了
一、从全文看,爸爸是个什么样的人?
二、文章表达了作者什么样的思想感情?
三、爸爸的花儿落了,有何含义?
四、花在全文中起了什么作用?
五、在文中是如何暗示爸爸已经病得很重,可能将不久于人世的?
六、毕业典礼后“我”回家时见到了怎样的情景?这情景预示着什么呢?
七、“我”是不是真正感觉到自己长大了?从哪些地方看出来的? 第三课 丑小鸭
1、请同学们速读课文,说说:丑小鸭受过哪些打击?在这些打击面前,丑小鸭的态度和追求是什么?
2、你知道丑小鸭变成白天鹅的原因是什么吗? 第四课诗两首
1、假如生活欺骗了你,生活的欺骗是指?
2、生活欺骗了你,为什么不要忧郁,不要心急?
3、假如生活欺骗了你,你该怎么办?
4、如何理解“而那过去了的,就会成为亲切的怀恋”这两句诗的含义?
5、诗人在诗中阐明了怎样的人生态度? 第一课 从百草园到三味书屋课文梳理
1.划分段落层次,并概括各部分的主要内容2请用一句话概括第一部分的主要内容 3.为什么说百草园是我的乐园?
4.作者描写百草园的景色用了怎样一个句式把各种景物连接起来的? 5.不必说之后写了哪些景物,各有什么特点? 6.也不必说后写了哪些景物,各有什么特点?
7.请用简洁的语言概括一下短短的泥墙根一带有那些趣事? 8.文章写百草园,插入一段美女蛇的故事有何作用? 9.过渡段表现了作者什么样的思想感情?
10.作者写三味书屋,主要写了哪三方面的内容?
11.可以说,作者在三味书屋的读书是苦中有乐,请具体写出其中的苦和乐 12.细读全文,文章表达了作者什么样的思想感情? 13.指出下列句子所用的修辞手法
(1)油蛉在这里低唱,蟋蟀们在这里弹琴
(2)如果不怕刺,还可以摘到覆盆子,像小珊瑚珠串成的小球,又酸又甜
(3)也许是因为拔了何首乌毁了泥墙吧,也许是因为将砖头抛向间壁的梁家去了吧,也许是因为站在石井栏上跳下来了吧
14.作者从多方面描写了百草园的美景和无限趣味,请你从形状,颜色,声音和滋味四个方面各找出两个词。第二课 爸爸的花儿落了
六、从全文看,爸爸是个什么样的人?
七、文章表达了作者什么样的思想感情?
八、爸爸的花儿落了,有何含义?
九、花在全文中起了什么作用?
十、在文中是如何暗示爸爸已经病得很重,可能将不久于人世的?
六、毕业典礼后“我”回家时见到了怎样的情景?这情景预示着什么呢?
七、“我”是不是真正感觉到自己长大了?从哪些地方看出来的? 第三课 丑小鸭
1、请同学们速读课文,说说:丑小鸭受过哪些打击?在这些打击面前,丑小鸭的态度和追求是什么?
2、你知道丑小鸭变成白天鹅的原因是什么吗? 第四课诗两首
6、假如生活欺骗了你,生活的欺骗是指?
7、生活欺骗了你,为什么不要忧郁,不要心急?
8、假如生活欺骗了你,你该怎么办?
9、如何理解“而那过去了的,就会成为亲切的怀恋”这两句诗的含义?
10、诗人在诗中阐明了怎样的人生态度?