初中英语口语教学现状分析

第一篇：初中英语口语教学现状分析

英语科教学论文

初中英语口语教学现状分析

以及解决策略

南海区大沥镇黄岐初级中学

许秀芳 初中英语口语教学现状分析以及解决策略

摘 要

05年佛山市初中英语口语考试工作在3月中旬结束，我们欣喜的看到学生的整体口语水平和语感有了明显的提高，欣赏到不少学生纯正、流利的口语和充满感情的朗读。但是我们也不得不承认还有一大部分的学生朗读时在语音、语调、意群等方面把握不好，信息点采集不够准确，甚至还出现滥竽充数等让人哭笑不得的事实。这反映了在我们的教学过程中，对学生口语训练方面的缺乏与轻视，重笔头不重口语，造成了学生普遍存在口语能力水平参差不齐结果。本文主要通过教与学的过程中存在的一些问题，探索初中英语口语训练的方法与策略。关键词 初中英语 口语现状 训练策略 正 文

一、存在问题分析：

（一）教学方面

“学习英语应该从娃娃抓起”！近几年来，较发达城市的小学

都开设了英语课程，在游戏中学、在活动中学，以听说为主的教学模式下，培养了一大批“英语小天才”，他们纯正流利的口语，惟妙惟肖的英语表演，都为他们日后的英语学习奠下了很好的基础。可由于没有明确的语音教学要求，学生只能靠教师的课堂教学或教材录音来强硬的记忆单词发音。大多时候英语教师的水平决定了学生英语的水平，教师自觉提高本身的英语口语水平是关键。学生没有掌握语言学习所应具备的基本工具——英语国际音标，有的也多为个别教师的实践操作而已。上了初中以后，升学任务重，语法讲授和知识点的讲解成为主干，拼命赶课时、埋在题海的情况是众所周知的。师生放在口语训练的时间确实少之又少。个别学校行同虚设的早读也因没有具体的朗读任务和朗读要求导致学生应付式为多，语调平淡拖拉、唱读情况十分普遍。语音教学错过几道良机！

（二）学生方面

应试教育也直接影响到学生对英语口语的认识，长期以来的“老师讲，学生听”导致的“哑巴英语”现象使学生口语水平分化十分严重。下面就以05年佛山口语考试的某一篇短文为例，谈谈目前学生英语口语方面存在问题：

1、短文开篇出现了一个让英语教师比较尴尬的情况，United States在学生口里变成了Unit Satellite, Unit star等等，在所评的170份录音答卷中，朗读正确的学生人数竟不到10%。回想原因，也不能全是学生的责任。在初中教材中通常以the USA出现，television以TV出现，还有一些词如desert, Hopi, raise, local(生词)，modern, main, telephone, houses, horses, trucks…都是学生比较薄弱的。因此学生朗读起来出现断句，反复的现象，整体感觉不理想，扣分严重。

2、大多数考生朗读时的语音、语调、意群等方面把握不好，也反映了我们在教学过程中对学生口语训练方面的缺乏与不重视。学生词汇不过关，基础薄弱，学生凭印象记单词，知道中文意思却读不准，语调平淡，唱读等情况较为严重。他们到了9年级，要口语考试了，才来恶补什么是语音语调和重音，怎样分好意群，造成恶性循环，最后以无力回春，失败告终。

3、考生心理素质还需要进一步的辅导。由于考试临场紧张，主要表现在优秀学生朗读时太快或太慢。有的太小声，murmur的感觉多一点。遇到不熟悉的材料时紧张，朗读不完整、反复、读错单词等现象。

二、解决策略

（一）各年级阶段性落实各项语言实践目标：把口语的训练重点 放在初

一、初二，分阶段完成。

七年级：在国家标准课程的规定下增加口语训练课，落实语音基础与单词拼写之间的相互联系，落实学生对语音、语调、意群划分等基本技能。以国际音标过关为主，教会学生利用拼读规则记忆单词，能准确地拼读出单词，能划分意群，有感情地朗读和表演对话、小短文，逐步养成良好的朗读习惯和敢于表达的交际技能；

八年级：强化语音语调在英语中作用，走入情景，体会内涵把握篇章的重点。以篇章的朗读为主配以上机的实践操作。增加阅读训练课重点训练回答问题部分的信息点收集专练。

九年级：查漏补缺，布臵录音做好个别辅导，让学生把握朗读技巧的前提下，抓朗读整体效果，增加写作训练课，注重口语表达，简化口语考试压力。

（二）把握科学的英语口语训练方法

1、口语基本知识：

a)口语基本要素：语音包括语调、语气、音量、音长等。由于说 话人的语气不同和情景不同，意思可以是完全相反。例如：The door is open.试一试你能表达出来这意境吗？外面刮大风，你很冷；你的钥匙遗留在家里，你却发现……；小偷进屋偷窃，来到门前发现……；昨天你值日，忘记关门，今天一上学，老师就批评……等等。

b)口语表达的基本要求：清晰、流畅、响亮和情景化。书面语停 顿的是标点符号，口语靠的是情感的处理和语气变化，即词与词（组）之间、句子与句子之间的间歇的时间来表现。

c)口语的综合性：系统的综合，注意语音语调感情等的综合考虑 如果语调没有变化，那么语言是枯燥的，如果没有加脸部表情或身体语言，语言是不生动的。听者可以通过朗读者说话者来感受文章的内容和对短文的理解。

（三）利用网络环境，提供虚拟或真实的语言训练空间

对口语的能力的培养，离不开环境。计算机和网络和发展，为学生提供了更为广阔而真实的空间。以网络技术和多媒体技术为核心的信息技术为学科教学注入了无限生机与活力，和过去相比，学习者可获得的教学资源大大增加了，计算机辅助语言教学（Computer Assisted Language Learning简称CALL）是外语教学发展的新趋势。网络辅助语言教学（Web Assisted Language Learning 简称WALL）（祝智庭，2001）已经兴起。教师可以通过网络为学生提供丰富的学习资源，将大量的信息以多媒体形式如文本、图片、声音、视频等呈现给学生；教师可以通过制作内容丰富、形式多样的网络课程为学生提供学习环境；在外语教学信息化的发展进程中，CALL和WALL必然会使初中英语口语教学产生重大变革。随着学习资源的迅速膨胀，有效地利用信息技术来获取信息资源已经成为新型口语学习模式的重要特征。

（四）学生的自我提高口语的意识和途径

仔细研究和分析口语比较好的学生，我们可以看出“对英语很感兴趣”、“经常听有关的英语录音、英文歌曲”、“喜欢看英文报刊、书籍、影像”等都是他们的共性所在。因此除了教师的正确引导和辅导之外，学生的自主学习也是提高英语口语的一个关键所在。结束语

考试就像一支指挥棒，它带动着整个教学第一线的动态发展。英语口语考试的实施，对学生的听说读写的要求更加全面，作为第一线的初中英语教师，任重而道远。如何在初中阶段落实对学生语言学习能力的培养，特别是口语方面的能力已刻不容缓。它让我们更深刻地认识到循序渐进，分阶段落实学生语言能力培养的重要性。让我们在教学第一线中不断地总结，寻求一种符合语言学习特点，为培养新型的口语运用能力强的新一代中学生而努力。

参考文献：

1、学习资源网《口语与演讲技巧一、二、三》

2、朱纯《外语教育心理学》，上海外语教育出版社,1994

3、《英语课程标准》教育部基础教组织编写（实验稿），北京师范大学出版社,2002年

第二篇：农村初中英语口语教学现状分析与对策探讨

农村初中英语口语教学现状分析与对策探讨

[摘要] 农村初中生英语口语学习还存在着不少问题。这其中既有学生自身的原因, 又有教师和环境的原因。本文提出了消除学生的心理障碍, 激发学生口语学习的动机, 提高教师素质, 改善教学条件, 改进教学方法, 开展课外活动创造学生说英语的环境等解决对策。[关键词] 农村初中英语口语学习

新一轮基础教育课程改革将英语口语教学放在了更加突出的地位。我国的初中英语口语教学在城乡之间存在着巨大的差距。《英语新课程标准》特别强调要培养学生综合运用语言的能力, 英语教师应该加强口语教学。对于很多农村初中生来说, 英语是一个相对薄弱的科目, 英语口语学习也存在诸多问题。本文主要是对农村初中生英语口语学习存在的问题及如何有效地改进农村英语口语教学作了一些探索。

一、农村初中英语口语教学存在的问题(一)学生方面

1.说英语的动机不强

英语口语学习既是一个认知过程, 也是一个情感过程。英语口语学习的成败除了学习环境、自身的语言能力以及教师的教学风格和教学水平之外, 还涉及学生本身的情感因素。而在学生的情感因素中, 学习动机是决定英语口语学习成败的关键。总体来看, 农村初中生英语口语学习动机偏弱。这其中有很多原因, 如: 农村初中生对英语口语学习价值认识不够;没有端正自己的学习态度;口语学习目的不明确;教师不重视口语教学;没有说口语的环境等。

2.对说英语有心理障碍

首先, 很多学生在英语口语课堂上表现出胆怯心理。这样的心理问题常常导致学生在口语表达上的障碍, 一张口就紧张, 一紧张就语无伦次。久而久之,形成条件反射, 进而更加惧怕发言。其次, 相当一部分学生由于英语基础差, 或者发音不标准, 存在着严重的自卑感。最后, 有的学生在口语课堂上不愿采取积极主动的态度。很多学生在课堂上趋向于随大流、缺乏表现欲。这样一来, 课堂上大部分学生基本不开口说英语。(二)教师方面 1.专业教师短缺

很多高等院校英语专业的毕业生不愿到农村去任教, 造成农村初中缺乏高素质、高水平的英语专业教师。在有些学校, 英语专业毕业的教师少之又少甚至没有, 很多英语教师是跨专业的, 甚至存在一个教师同时上英语和其他主科的现象。

2.英语教师口语水平不高

农村初中大部分英语教师口语较差, 又缺乏有效的口语能力培训, 课堂口语用量少, 严重影响了学生口语交际能力的培养。现行的考试制度和评价体系尚不完善, 许多教师为了让学生听得更“ 明白”, 学得更“ 彻底”, 索性用普通话甚至方言教学, 而且整个课堂全是词汇、句型和语法的讲解和练习。学生在英语语言交际上则成了“ 哑巴”。学生掌握的是抽象的语法规则, 记忆的是一大堆没有用过的词汇。最终学生做习题的能力得到了提高, 而听、说、读的能力并没有得到锻炼。3.教学理念落后

许多农村英语教师缺乏学习教学理论的热情, 他们一味凭自己的感性经验教学, 往往一种教学方法一用就是几十年, 不会随着现实情况作出相应的改变。有的教师想对自己的教学做出改变, 但由于任课偏多,工作量大, 没有时间去钻研教学理论, 连开展必要的集体备课、评课等教学研究活动的时间都很难得到保证, 教研氛围可想而知。

4.教师没有充分利用现有教学设备

许多教学方法的落实都必需借助一定的教学设备。如在口语课堂上, 磁带、录音机、光盘、VCD 等是最基本的口语教学设备。这些设备一般的学校都具备,可是有的英语老师不重视利用, 有的觉得放录音麻烦,领到了配套教学磁带和录音机也不放给学生听。在条件稍好的农村中学配有幻灯机或多媒体教室, 但由于大部分英语教师没有机会参加培训, 操作这些设备显得很困难。5.教学方法不当

英语口语教学有其特殊性。注重英语的交际性,需要教师和学生的共同参与。口语课的好坏与教师的教学方法紧密相关。如教师什么时候纠正学生的错误是一个很值得探讨的问题。有的教师认为在口语课上的一个重要特点是“ 挑错”、“ 纠正”, 并认为这是严格要求学生的表现, 其实口语教师最主要的任务是帮助、鼓励学生开展口语活动, 用各种方法达到学生口语练习的最大实践量。对于学生的错误要区别对待,不能“ 有错必纠”。在口语课上有的教师没有耐心聆听，基础差的学生说英语, 随意打断学生说英语, 这极易挫伤学生说英语的积极性, 会让更多的学生不敢开口说英语。(三)环境方面

农村初中英语教学条件差。目前, 部分学校有录音机、VCD 机、电视机等电化教学设备, 只有极少数学校建有语音室和电教平台, 与教材相关的配套材料缺乏。英语教师上课基本上是一本书、一支粉笔, 最多加一台录音机。教学条件简陋, 加上农村学生接触课外英语的机会甚少, 在这种环境下要说一口流利的英语是不大现实的。

二、农村初中生英语口语学习困难的解决对策(一)消除学生的心理障碍

师生间的情感关系是师生关系一个极为重要的方面, 它对教学过程、教学效果以及师生关系的全面发展都产生重要作用, 是教学过程中的重要变量之一。良好的师生关系可以消除学生的心理障碍。学生对他们喜爱的老师, 总会伴随着某种信赖感, 这种信赖感可以给予教师的教学以潜在的魅力, 即“ 亲其师, 信其道”, 它可以排除各种障碍, 产生积极的反应, 从而实现以情促知、以知增情、情知交融。在这样的课堂教学中, 学生想开口、敢开口, 能够营造一个良好的英语口语表达氛围。

(二)激发学生口语学习的动机

动机是激励人们去行动的内部动因和力量, 它包括个人的意图、愿望、心理冲动或企图达到的目的等。对学生来说, 学习动机在学习中发挥着重大作用。英语口语学习的好差与学生的学习动机有极大的关系。学生如果缺乏对说英语的兴趣、求知欲、好奇心等动机因素, 就难以形成经常说英语的习惯。因此教师要引导学生树立正确的目标, 采用灵活的教学方法, 通过新颖的内容, 消除差生焦虑情绪, 提高他们的成就动机水平, 培养他们说英语的兴趣, 使他们感觉到说英语是一种享受, 最终产生强烈地说英语的动机。(三)壮实教师队伍, 培养高素质口语教师

英语教师在农村相对短缺, 加上有些优秀英语教师因为工资待遇低, 生活和工作条件差, 流失到沿海发达地区。要想搞好农村英语口语教学, 壮大农村英语教师队伍是首要解决的问题, 这需要当地教育主管部门及学校管理部门出台相应的政策, 引进大量的英语教师, 并用合理的激励措施吸引和留住优秀的教师。除了要吸引教师、留住教师, 还要逐步去培养优秀的教师。培养高素质的英语教师, 应从两方面着手。一方面教师要注重自我提高。教师要有自我提高意识,在教学实践的基础上要不断的总结教学的得失, 理出一套既有特色又切合实际的口语教学方式。另一方面学校要组织教师参加培训。把对如何使用英语组织教学和如何恰当、有效、简洁明了地使用课堂英语进行上课作为培训重点。(四)添置教学设备, 改善教学条件

由于受经济条件的限制, 农村初中英语教学条件整体上还很落后。多数学校只给英语教师配备了一部录音机, 许多农村初中没有一个语音室, 与教材配套的教学资料、图片等也没有。要提高农村中学英语口语教学质量, 首先, 农村初中英语教学迫切需要国家及各级政府的投入, 加强英语教学的配套设施建设,努力改善英语教学条件。其次, 农村初中教师要合理利用现有的教学设备, 尽量让学生多听纯正的英语。(五)改进教学方法

1.努力创设说英语的氛围, 增加学生的听说量。

英语教师应该尽可能为学生创造英语学习环境。如在课堂教学中, 应尽可能使用英语教学, 最初运用比较简单的英语口语, 随着词汇量的增加, 口语的容量可以逐渐的增大。

2.面向全体学生, 尊重学生。教师要尽量让每一位学生都敢于“ 张开嘴巴”。英语教师应针对不同层次的学生安排难度不同的任务, 让每一位学生都能开口说;同时老师应密切关注学生的情感体验, 在适当的时候给予学生帮助, 在学生缺乏信心时给学生一个微笑, 向学生投去鼓励的目光。

(六)开展课外活动创造学生说英语的环境

课外活动是课堂教学的有益补充, 为了巩固和增强学生学习的效果, 教师应设计和组织内容丰富、形式多样的课外活动。如口语大赛、看英语电影等, 给他们更多的运用英语进行实践的机会, 为学生说英语提供一个更广阔的天地。

参考文献: [1] 罗运春.论情感因素在农村初级中学英语教学中的作用[J].农村教育研究, 2006 ,(3).[2] 任伟卿.农村英语学习与农村教育[ J].中国农村小康 科技, 2006 ,(7).[ 3] 闻群英.初中英语口语教学的开口秀攻略[ J].教学 月刊, 2006 ,(6).[4] 胡建成.农村英语教学面临的困难及思考[J].池州师专

第三篇：初中物理教学现状分析

滩头中学物理教学现状分析

2014年春季学期理化生教研组

一、我校学生学习现状

1、学生的学习习惯较差。学生在上课时注意力不集中，不积极参与教学是目前教学中的一个非常严重的问题，这虽然与我们教师的教学方法有关，但是这种现象较以前越来越严重，更有甚至是一部分学生想方设法的偷着玩手机，不是我们学校不禁止，而是家长对我们的主张更本不理会，有这种现象的学生人数也有扩大的趋势。从表面上看起来好大部分学生在学习，在听课，实际上，老师或同学说什么、讨论什么他们一点也不知道，当提问到其他同学时，他们只是看热闹，根本不去想怎样解决问题，好像与自己无关。

2.学生的竞争意识淡薄，不能吃苦。绝大多数学生在学习过程中，根本不去想自己要达到一个什么样的目标，更没有和同学竞争的意识，别人怎样刻苦学习与自己无关，别的同学都会了的知识自己不会也不着急。自己学习时，还要看心情，高兴时多看一会儿，不高兴时，一笔不动。若是自己看了一会儿书，就会叫苦叫累。

3.学生的基础差异较大。现在是九年制义务教育阶段，小学学生100%进入初中学习，而学生的基础差异很大，特别是部分学生的分析能力和数学计算水平存在明显的差距，对学生学习物理已潜伏着分化的危机。学生对学习物理现象很感兴趣，但是一接触到物理公式进行简单的计算就无从入手，学生又缺乏钻研的精神，就逐渐地放弃学习的机会。

4.学生非智力因素差距较大。八年级和九年级学生年龄一般在13-15岁，他们虽然渴望知识，反应也比较灵敏，好奇心强，但学习上常缺乏坚韧的毅力，粗心大意，思考问题沉不住气，注重力集中的时间相对较少，在学习过程中一旦碰到问题便不勤于思考，长时间跟不上学习后，学生会自暴自弃。

5.学生的基础知识掌握不牢。学生只满足于课堂上学习老师所讲的内容，课后根本没有复习和巩固的过程，更谈不上简单运用知识了，遇到问题时不会认真思考，并且不仔细审题，对所学知识不会运用；有些学生根本抓不住试题的要点及主要信息，出现答非所问的现象，倒是非常相信自己，有足够多的时间也不会检查自己所做的习题。

二、我校物理教师教学现状

2013年以前我校物理学科教学成绩多年来在全县中排列前几名是我校大多数学科不可比拟的特色学科，而如今不知道是什么原因促使该学科逐年下滑中。

1.国家一再提倡要给学生减负，但每科都要考试，考查。学生的精力是有限的，每天忙得踹不过气来，有时候学生抄作业来交都好像忙不过来，对于学生抄作业的现象无计可施。

2．我们八年级的物理课时已经下减到每周只有四节课，一门学科的课时多少可以折射出这个学校对这门学科的重视程度。我们老师在课堂上能有多大的作为？巧妇难为无米之炊！物理学科本身是门科学对人的要求是理性和感性的双结合，也是非线性的。

3.本来每周只有四节课时的物理课，还在安排上基本上是下午的第一节居多，无疑是雪上加霜，不下滑就不正常。

第四篇：初中体育教学现状分析

初中体育教学现状分析

摘 要：随着素质教育改革的深入推进，广大一线教师积极进行教学创新与实践，并且也取得了非常显著的实效。但是，对于体育等所谓的“副科”来说，其教学现状不容乐观，存在许多问题。分析初中体育教学现状，探究解决体育教学中存在的问题，是本文主要论述的内容。

关键词：初中；体育教学；现状

受应试教育的影响，初中体育学科一直被当作“副科”而受到学校和教师的轻视。虽然体育课被安排的很好，但是，体育课被挤占的现象是最多的，体育课上，教师的教学、训练内容只针对中考体育加试的项目。体育教学的这些现状不利于学生素质和能力的培养，改变初中体育教学的现状，提升体育教学的实效，是摆在教育工作者面前的当务之急。

一、初中体育教学现状

1.轻视体育教育

长期以来，我们的教育都是以应试教育为主，学校教师只重视文化课成绩不重视学生综合素养能力的培养，只重视知识的传播，不关注学生的身心健康发展。即使新课改推行后，应试教育思想在教育领域中依然存在很大的影响。学校管理者和一线教师更重视的是学生文化课教育活动，因为，文化课程知识在中考时是必须要考的，而体育考试在中招中所占的比例却很小。体育是初中课程教育的副科教育内容，体育课程不被学校教师学生重视是客观存在的问题。体育教育不被重视，导致教育效果的不理想，学生参与体育学习的积极性不高。通过体育锻炼促进学生身心健康发展的教育目标很难真正实现。

2.体育教育科学性不足

在初中体育教育中，教师之间缺乏应用的交流，体育教研活动并没有真正落实，体育教育的随意性很大，每位体育教师都是跟着自己的感觉安排体育教育内容，安排学生进行体育训练，没有科学完备的体育教育思想做指导，没有科学完善的体育计划做指导，体育教育内容随意性强，教育的科学性不足，导致体育教育的效果不理想。很多学校的体育课都上成了自由活动课，即使教师对学生进行体育技能训练，训练也不成系统，不成体系，学生在体育课活动上浪费了很多时间，而体能和技能却没有得到发展。因此，体育教学活动的不规范，不科学行为也造成体育教学效率的低下，影响到体育教育目标的有效实现。

3.体育教育模式单一

长期以来，由于对体育教育活动的不重视，很少有体育教师在教学模式创新上花费功夫，教师体育教育缺乏明确的目标，教学压力几乎为零，他们不重视体育教学方式的创新，一种教学方式一旦形成，就会一成不变的推行下去，这种单一重复的体育教育模式严重影响到学生体育参与的积极性，影响到学生体育锻炼意识的培养，体育教学缺乏趣味性，导致教学效率极其不理想。

二、转变初中体育教学现状的策略

1.学校要高度重视

作为学校，要重视体育教育活动，要认识到新形势下，社会需要的是全面发展的人才，学校必须要推行素质教育，才能真正培养出优秀的学生。而素质教育的实现必须要重视学生德智体美的全面发展。必须要重视文化课以外的课程教育，比如体育教育。学校要认识到，现在学生体能存在着下降的趋势，而学生只有身体强壮了，学生才能有效学习，才能获得完善发展，体育教育活动对于提高学生的体能状况具有积极的意义。同时体育活动开展的好，能够有效活跃孩子的性格，完善学生的个性，能够促进学生身心的全面发展，体育教育活动对于现代教育而言是必不可少的，是提升学校整体教育水平的重要环节，学校要重视体育教育活动。学校重视体育教育活动，就会加强对体育教育活动的管理，加强对体育教研活动的监督检测，就会提高体育教师的福利待遇，提高体育教师在学校中的地位。通过有效途径，引导教师进行学习深造，提高教师的教育水平。学校重视体育教育活动，必定会影响到体育教师本人，体育教师也会重视自己的工作，从而有效搞好体育教学。只有学校教师重视体育教学，体育教学才能真正焕发出活力，获得发展。

2.加强体育教育中的思想教育

现在的学生，很多都不重视体育学习，体育学习参与的积极性不高，针对这种情况，作为教师必须在体育训练教育的过程中，加强学生的思想教育，提高学生对体育教育的重视度，提高学生配合体育教学，参与体育教学的积极性，这样，才能有效促进体育教学效果的提升。比如，在学生练习跑步之前，由于跑步训练的强度较大，训练形式枯燥，很多学生不喜欢进行跑步训练，如果教师在这时候，能够给学生讲一讲跑步运动对于提高体能，强壮体魄的重要性，讲一些优秀田径运动员的故事，会增加学生对跑步的理解，学生会感受到跑步运动的魅力，从而增加跑步训练的积极性。在体育教育中，教师要能够用正确的思想引导学生，不断使学生认识到体育训练对于强身健体，甚至对于强国利民的重要性，可以有效提高学生的思想认识，使学生感受到体育训练的价值，促使学生树立体育运动意识，养成体育锻炼的好习惯。

3.体育教育要做到因材施教

对于初中生而言，他们的体能技能情况存在很大差异，他们对于体育的理解认识也有不同，他们参与体育学习的积极性也存在很大的差异，学生在体育接受能力，体育学习能力等方面也存在个性的差异，因此，在体育教育中就要做到因材施教。如果搞统一模式的教育活动，必定会限制学生的体育发展，甚至会扼杀不少体育好苗子。体育教育因材施教，教师就要能够对学生进行深入了解调查，了解学生的体育学习情况，了解学生对体育的认识情况，要能够根据学生的不同情况制定不同的教学目标，推行一些不同的教育内容，以满足学生对体育训练的差异性要求。比如，有些学生很想在体育事业中得到发展，并且，他们的体育运动兴趣很高，身体素质也很棒，教师就要根据他们的需要，为他们安排训练内容，这种训练内容要略高于一般学生，为实现学生的体育运动明星梦做好准备工作。在体育教育过程中，要做到因材施教，根据不同学生的需要，为学生提供个性化的体育教育服务，这样，才能有效激发学生的体育运动兴趣，充分挖掘学生的体育运动潜能，实现学生体育技能，体能的不断发展。

三、结语

总而言之，面对初中体育教育中的诸多问题，积极探究有效的解决策略，是教育工作者义不容辞的责任。新时期，我们要以发展素质教育为本，重视体育教育工作，能够通过教育创新有效促进学生身心健康发展，这是素质教育的需要，也是促进体育教学不断发展的需要。

第五篇：农村初中英语听力教学现状分析

CONTENT

Abstract……………………………………………………………………………………………..i 摘 要…………………………………………………………………………………………….ii 1.Introduction ………………………………………………………………………………………1 2.Current situation of English listening teaching in rural areas………………………………… 2 3.Listening problem of junior middle school students in rural areas…………………………….2 3.1 The pronunciation problem....................................................................................2 3.2 Vocabulary problem...............................................................................................4 3.3 The lack of grammar knowledge.............................................................................4 3.4.Inadequate background knowledge.........................................................................4 3.5 Psychological problem...........................................................................................5 3.6 Inappropriate listening habits..................................................................................6 4.Strategies for helping students solve listening problem 6 4.1 To explore efficient method of listening teaching.......................................................6 4.1.1 Choosing the appropriate materials.................................................................7 4.1.2 Creating a harmonious atmosphere of teaching................................................7 4.1.3 Paying attention to teaching art......................................................................7 4.1.4 Making a variety of classroom activities.........................................................8 4.1.5 Organizing extra-curricular activities..............................................................8 4.1.6 Setting the scene..........................................................................................8 4.2 To strengthen students‟phonology...........................................................................8 4.3 To combine the four skills.......................................................................................9 4.3.1 Combination of intensive listening and extensive listening................................9 4.3.2 Combination of listening and speaking............................................................9 4.3.3 Combination of listening and reading.............................................................9 4.3.4 Combination of listening and writing............................................................10 4.4 To enhance cultural knowledge of English language.................................................10 4.5 To develop the independent awareness of studying about rural students......................10 4.6 To improve teaching facilities of English in rural area...............................................11 4.7 Other strategies....................................................................................................11 4.7.1 Expanding scope of reading..........................................................................11 4.7.2 Mastering skills..........................................................................................11 5.Conclusion 12 Bibliography 14

1.Introduction

The object of English teaching is to develop the ability of students‟ acquiring information and communicating with others.During the English teaching, it is true that listening, speaking, reading, and writing are four basic skills.However, listening is very important part of English teaching, and listening is basis for developing other skills and provides a basis for language learning.But it is also the most difficult of all the learning skills for learners to master.When listening, listeners follow the speaker, thinking about what the speaker is saying and what is going on in the mind of the speaker, guessing the speaker‟s opinions and attitudes and catching the true meaning of the speaker‟s words.Listening itself accounts for almost half of the commutative activities in one‟s daily life.In addition, learners should have the knowledge of phonetics, vocabulary and grammar.According to the status quo, on the other hand, the level of listening teaching is decreasing in the countryside.Many learners are afraid of listening, looking on it as more difficult than any other skills and pay much attention to training their ability to speak, read and write.The Result if this causing directly affects the activeness of students who study English listening after, and increase the difficulties of learning to listen.With the deepening if reform and open-up in our country, the distance between the poor and the rich is becoming more and more bigger.At the mostly rural countries, English listening class start with the junior middle school.It is believed that this is a key point that students are encouraged to exercise their ability to listen from this time.From now on, students must accumulate basic knowledge in case they cannot catch up with others after learning roads, for instance, in college.In view of this situation, it is necessary to emphasize the importance of English listening in rural country.In this article, we start with conditions of the middle school listening teaching, point out some problems and design some activities in the beginning of the class.Then we focus on some activities of teaching English listening and insist that the activities should be emphasized on the process of listening, rather than the result of listening.What‟s more, students should attach more great importance to the elementary knowledge, such as phonetics，assimilation, enough vocabulary, etc.In this paper, listening problem and strategies of junior middle school in rural area.We will discuss them in details in the follow parts: 2.Current situation of English listening teaching in rural areas China is a developing country.Its economic development is not balanced and production and living standard of rural are very low.Especially in rural country, lack of modern teaching facilities and making structure of teacher-resource unreasonable which affect directly or indirectly students‟ listening.And the pursuit of short-term examinations also influences English listening.Even most excellent teachers go to developed regions rather than staying at work in the countryside.3.Listening problem of junior middle school students in rural areas Listening is an important mean of language learning.It is one of the significant ways in English language communication.However,(RenXiaoping,2001：1-2)puts forward some statistics show that nearly fifty percent students regard listening comprehension as the most difficult part among all kinds of examinations.in the following parts ,listening problem of junior middle school students in rural areas will be explored.3.1 The pronunciation problem It is clear that “ Phonetics is defined as the study of the phonetic medium of language”, Dai Weidong proposed.(WangQiang，2002：35).If students want to listen and understand the general language materials, they must make every effort to listen and understand each word, which is very important.English, as a new language for Chinese students, usually appears some problems exactly on phonetics, such as the mistakes on pronunciation, intonation, and all kinds of skill like word stress, assimilation, etc.For instance, the phrase “tinned meat”, in the informal occasion, its pronunciation is described as /tin｀mi: t/.-Ed among tinned is omitted.The pronunciation of n assimilates /m/ just as following examples: That boy—thap boy

Ten people—tem people In English, Many short words have two or more than kinds of pronunciation: accented mode and one or more than one weak stress.The word in non-stress position of sentence usually appears with mode of weak stress.However, the word in stress position mainly appears with stress mode.But there are many exceptions, sometimes stress appears in position on non-stress Such as the following dialogue: A: You had better give him the key.B: I am going to do it.These two sentences in the pronunciation as follows: “Him” appears with weak stress.On the other hand, it is assimilated by give so that the pronunciation of these two words changes.But in the second sentence, “going to ”and “do” also appear with the form of weak stress.These changes of pronunciation caused the difficulties for the listener.Sentence stress is the relative strength or key point of words on pronouncing among sentence.When people speak, not every word is stressed.All in all, notional words are stressed, but functional words appear with weak stress unless the speaker intended for being emphasized.Good understanding function of sentences can help learners understand implied meaning of sentences in the process of listening comprehension.The following dialogue will serve to illustrate the point:(Man)Is anyone coming to class today?(woman)Relax.It is „barely „two.Question: What does the woman mean?

a.Only two people came to class so far.b.The man should take a nap.c.It is not very late.d.The teacher is too strict.The correct answer is c.The lady emphasizes “barely” and “two” in the dialogue.But some students think that he emphasize the reached number.In fact, the woman wants to express this meaning that it is too early to worry about the students‟ present situation.3.2 Vocabulary problem English has a wide vocabulary and it is a very flexible language.Size of English vocabulary, the proficiency of grasping and phenomenon of polysemy and homonym bring about a certain difficulties for students' listening comprehension.During the process of listening comprehension, listener should not only do the exercises of sound recognition, but also learn more vocabularies.As(Li Guanyi,2008:2-3)put forward that “Some English words have a common root but are used in very different senses.Consider human and humane, for example.Their origin is the same and their meanings are related, but their usage is distinct.A human action is not the same thing as a humane action.We cannot speak of a Declaration of Humane Rights —There is a weapon called a humane killer, but it is not a human killer.” For example, the following two sentences: a：She was fast asleep.b: She ran fast.“Fast” has different meanings in the different contexts.However, students usually make a wrong conclusion according to familiar words which they master.Sometimes using different words can express the different meaning.For example, “Dianti”, British use “lift”, but American use “elevator”;“Ren Xingdao”, British use “pavement”, But American use “sidewalk”.Besides, for instance, first floor, it represents the second floor in Britain, but in American it represents the first floor.3.3 The lack of grammar knowledge Some students have not solid grammar skills and idioms in listening so that they misunderstand the original meaning of sentence with fuzzy concept or misunderstanding grammatical structure of sentences.As the following examples: “It is unnecessary for you to go there.” In this sentence, if students do not know that unnecessary is antonyms of necessary, they will misunderstand this sentence, even the opposition to the meaning.So grammar can help students catch the implication of the vocal sounds, and understand them well, and it is also the essential condition of a whole passage comprehension.3.4.Inadequate background knowledge

Language is the medium of culture, and special culture produces different characteristics of the language background.In China, English is a foreign language(EFL), not a second language(ESL).Both students and teachers are doing their jobs under their condition which quit different from that such as in the US.Even most of articles on English listening textbooks were written by European or American.If students do know the social system, customs, way of thinking and values and so on about western countries, they will be difficult to understand the materials while listening.Consider an ignorant of foreigners for Chinese culture at all, for example.When he or she hears of moon cakes, dumplings, and couplets among Chinese traditional culture, we can hardly ask him or her to have a correct understanding for these.For example, the implication of Chunjie and Dizhu cannot be represented by the Spring Festival Landlord completely.Plum, orchid, bamboo and chrysanthemum is to Chinese what cowboy is to American.The core of culture is the spirit, including social system, customs, way of thinking and values and so on.China and the western countries including Britain and America, due to the difference of the geographical location, the existing social system, cultural formation and developing process, there are fundamental differences in this aspect.The different values construct different styles of communication and language behavior patterns between the East and West.3.5 Psychological problem

The process of listening comprehension is a very complicated psychological one.So it is very important of students to have a good state while listening.But linguists tell us that it is easy for one to produce frightens when he is at his nervousness.If students meet some words or sentences they do not understand by chance, they will have the fidgets, even some students are afraid of listening at the very beginning.It has designed a variety of obstacles about the important information, and lowered the degree of listening comprehension.On the other hand, the loudness and the articulating of the sounds, the noise made by inside or outside factors, etc, 6

may become barriers affecting the students‟ listening well.(ZhangQi,1996.10：1)put forward that “Psychological linguistics regards listening is involved with the perception of a language: Perception is to turn the voice into meanings, and it is an analysis of the language signal perception.The process of the language perception is an activity of the short-time memorization.”

How do the students overcome psychological factors? Firstly, teachers should attempt to organize their classes in English, what‟s the most important point, students can concentrate on their attention while listening.Secondly, using the first five minutes efficiently before the class, or the revision time, ask students to listen to the radios in English.Never be afraid of it.Psychological quality is quite important to do everything, so does listening comprehension.3.6 Inappropriate listening habits The main purpose of listening is to understand the general idea of the material.During the listening process, students should try their best to catch the main contents which the key point.For instance, some students cannot directly understand materials in English, but with the help Chinese, experienced the process of a heart translation.Besides, students usually do their utmost to get the meaning of each word, each sentences.Once they meet a new word or a difficult sentence, they will stop to think so that they cannot catch up with the speed any more.In fact, it is unnecessary to understand every word, every sentence, only should catch the main idea, that‟ enough.Therefore, it is necessary for teacher to point out the bad habits and then help the student from good habits.4.Strategies for helping students solve listening problem 4.1 To explore efficient method of listening teaching Teaching methods are an important part of improving the level of students‟ English listening.Students need to be instructed by teachers in the class.Then teachers should motivate students‟ activeness and stimulate students‟ enthusiasm for listening English.Meantime students should study pronouncing rules, listening skills and background of relative culture, etc.There are five ways in listening activities for teachers: choosing the appropriate materials, creating a harmonious atmosphere of teaching, paying attention to teaching art, variety of classroom activities, organizing extra-curricular activities, which will discuss in detail as follow: 4.1.1 Choosing the appropriate materials Before having the class, teachers must choose and analysis the materials.(Jeremy Harmer,2000:100)put forward that “Teachers need to listen the tape all the way through.That way, they will be prepared for any problems, noises, accents etc.That way they can judge whether students will be able to cope with the tape and the tasks that go with it.” By doing so, the teacher will know the length of the materials, the difficult points and the focus of the materials, so the teacher can decide in advance how to go with the teaching in class.4.1.2 Creating a harmonious atmosphere of teaching One kind of democratic, harmonious, loose classroom atmosphere let the students be at one kind of best study state.In the classroom a teacher's look or smile can bring certain influence to the student.Teacher is teaching with English.The teacher must use some body language according to the text content for letting students understand.Teachers should let students Participate in actively and initiatively to build up confidence.4.1.3 Paying attention to teaching art Another way is that the teacher can use some simple tools to stimulate students‟ interest for listening.First of all, it is crucial point that students‟ need must be met many tools which teachers use, including colored chalks on the blackboard, multimedia classroom and so on.These tools can create a vivid situation of English learning, and Stimulate and the cultivate students' interest for English learning.Taking advantage of multimedia technologies can make remote and strange environment convert colorful teaching situation so that students can get better comprehending and make students do their best to avoid the disturbances of mother tongue.Then the teacher should let the students speak English with beautiful pictures and melodious music.In a word, letting the student learn English in a state of happy is very

important.4.1.4 Making a variety of classroom activities Teenagers‟ hyperactivity and naughty is a normal psychological phenomenon.In English class, the teacher should grab the students‟ individuality to urge them to learn.In particular, it is very

important that the teacher organize class activities.(Wangqiang,2002：90)put forward that “This type of activity works very well as an information gap activity between pairs of students.” For example, one student draws a simple picture and then tells his or her partner how to draw it in English.Neither partner can look at each other‟s drawing during the task.After they have completed the task, they can compare their pictures to see how similar they are.4.1.5 Organizing extra-curricular activities Listening is not only trained in the class.The teacher should let students get out of classroom to contact outside environment instead of staying inside.So the extra-curricular activities are important mean of teaching, and it is good for increasing knowledge and opening horizons.Extracurricular activities organized purposeful can make students learn lively independently, and can also stimulate students‟ enthusiasm for learning.4.1.6 Setting the scene Another type of activity is to set the scene for the students.For example: picture, video, TV etc.Listening to passages in the classroom can be more difficult than listening in real life due to the lack of context.So the teacher can help provide the background information to activate learners‟ schema or illustrate the picture to help students to understand the main idea, so they will be better prepared to understand what they hear.4.2 To strengthen students’ phonology Teachers should strengthen students‟ basic training of phonology.On the other hand, students should study to distinguish vowels and consonants within words, to identify stress, weak stress and tone.And teachers should let students more contact with listening exercises of phonology and tone to eliminate the obstacles for phonology.All Ears made by Zhejiang Education Press is valuable training material

for listening.4.3 To combine the four skills 4.3.1 Combination of intensive listening and extensive listening Intensive listening and extensive listening are indispensible in the listening training.Intensive listening is to let students listen some materials again and again until students understand completely.For instance, the student takes measures to listen each sentence among the college entrance examination English listening in these years.Then they check and correct errors.Or the student can repeat material contents after listening, and answer relative questions in order to let teachers know the students‟ degree of mastering for materials.The purpose of extensive listening is to catch main idea, to listen different tones, to develop good sensitivity and clear and fluent speed of language and to enlarge knowledge.The teacher must cope with their relation between these.To sum up, extensive listening is the basis of intensive listening, and intensive listening is the deepening of extensive listening.What's more, using extensive listening drives intensive listening.4.3.2 Combination of listening and speaking.Listening and speaking are indispensible.The student must listen to understand in order to say.Only do students understand, they can say after that.Therefore, The teacher should organize actively students to use every chance to say English, and to use English to show themselves.However, the student should make full use of English Corner to exercise their oral English.Different tones in oral English can express different emotion, attitudes and meanings.Only do students more exercise, they can grasp that different tones show different feelings in the context.Furthermore, more exercises on oral English can make students better distinguish different tones which express different meanings.To conclude, speaking can improve listening, and listening can drive speaking.4.3.3 Combination of listening and reading Reading can develop the language sensitivity and the flow of speech while listening.The combination of listening and reading can make tong, structure and meaning get together, and reduce errors of judging.For teachers, they should let

student develop good habits of reading half hour each day while listening.All in all, whatever the materials of listening and reading are texts or passages, the student start with recording with words, then they can read with recording without words.At last, the student can be read synchronously with sensitivity and reading.4.3.4 Combination of listening and writing.The exercises of listening and writing are very important for improving the level of listening.Listening and writing are the process of brain labor that need needs the high attention of concentration with limited time and stimulates actively students‟ whole language knowledge.In the process of listening and writing, the student only understand directly and memorize, which can make the whole contents write down completely while listening.When a student can better take down contents which he or she listen, he or she will understand the content, hat‟s not a question.4.4 To enhance cultural knowledge of English language In communicative habits, a nation's cultural characteristics in language reflects mainly sentences with words and tone of Voice, therefore, must be considered the cultural factors in the language.Due to students' growth in rural area, so their knowledge of English culture is relatively scarce with information block.In view of this, the teacher must instruct consciously students know politics, geography, history, social system and so on.4.5 To develop the independent awareness of studying about rural students.The success of English teaching in college relies on students‟ independent awareness of studying.And the differences of student's individuality also require students to promote corresponding training in listening, speaking, reading, writing according to their specific conditions.Therefore, the independent training can help students' listening comprehension improve.Nevertheless, how should students do in junior middle school? Specifically speaking, teachers‟ duty is very important.As people, playing is children‟ nature, they are very active, especially junior middle school.They are hard to calm down if teachers do not stop them properly.So teachers should make reasonable plans in order to meet students‟ taste, and help them carry out plans.Gradually the student will form good habit after class.4.6 To improve teaching facilities of English in rural area It is true that listening teaching has taken place changes fundamentally for modern multimedia languages which make computer, VCR, recorder, projector, network and teaching software of listening, etc.put together and make images, audio, video, storage and transmission integrate.With the development of modern educational technologies, multimedia computer as the core of the foreign language teaching has become the developing direction of foreign language teaching reform.Therefore, national education sector and rural secondary school should change with the times, and attach importance to the English teaching of rural junior school.At the same time, they also increase investment in rural country, and improve teaching facilities, and recruit excellent teachers.4.7 Other strategies 4.7.1 Expanding scope of reading.Now listening is related to reading.The more students read, the higher rates of lexical reiteration become.Moreover, the student can avoid the process of a heart translation to digest directly material contents of listening.Generally speaking, if a student has few scope of reading, his or her speed of reading will be low.So their sped of listening is not fast, and their understanding is not deep.For teachers, they must make a point of reading training to improve speed of reading.Even they should guide students to avoid deliberating one by one word.It is proper that students can only catch main idea and grasp important details within limited time.The improvement of reading speed can promote acceleration of thinking tempo.In this circumstance, the student can keep up with speed of listening.4.7.2 Mastering skills Using listening exercises improves skills of listening and changeable abilities which is an effective way for English listening.At the beginning stage of listening training, the student can take notes.For instance, they should put down name, place, time, Age and so on in the materials.The objective of doing this is to regard these information gotten down as references.On the basis of this, students then use their

brain to memorize.Now students must pay attention to the training of micro-skills on listening, and catch the beginning and ending of articles to make their every effort to grasp theme and key sentence.At last, students should browse options on questions, and then predict the content and genre in the listening materials.For some implied problems, the student must make the most of their imagination and experience to understand, guess, promote, and notice the background knowledge and usage of English.If necessary, the student can use PaiChuFa to eliminate impossible answer.5.Conclusion In the final analysis, on one hand, we all know some problems which exist in the English listening are phonetics, stress , weak stress, etc.On the other hand, we also put forward some solutions to deal with these problems.Just as teachers change their practice activity they gain new insights about the learning potentials of their students.(Zhang Jianzhong,1999:290-297), “These success have encouraged teachers to preserve in their effort to design learning experiences that provide multiple entry and exit points for their students.” In fact, teachers did not teach the phonetics and phonology in the junior middle school.Main practice on listening is about the textbook which has a small part for training listening.But the listening teaching is limited, It must add some activities.In the listening activities, according to the certain purpose, it can choose different skills: scientific training on listening, harmonious atmosphere in the class, paying attention to teaching art, making a variety of classroom activities, organizing extra-curricular activities and so on.These types of activities can be designed into games, which are popular for student.Above all, we make a point of teachers‟ role.More importantly, we also cannot ignore students‟ importance.In most cases, students should even take the initiative to exercise listening.For instance, students should master skills, including cultural knowledge of English language, developing abilities of reading and writing, etc.Besides there‟s no exception that the government should make a point of education concerning rural country, for the government must provide substantial financial support and teaching equipment.In short, teachers play a important role of supervision, students play a

dominant role, and the government play a role of adjuvant in the junior middle school in the countryside for the improvement of listening level.If we excellently cope with the relationships between students‟ role, teachers‟ role and the government, we will not worry about improving the level of English listening.If they can perform their duties, the improvement of listening will not prove to be a problem in the junior middle school in the countryside.Bibliography

[1].Jeremy Harmer.How to teach English〔M〕.北京：外语教学与研究出版社，2000.6:100 [2].Ren Xiaoping.Listening Barriers Among Chinese Students and Training Tactics〔J〕.延安教育学院学报，2001：1-2 [3].Zhang Qi.Psychological analysis in listening teaching and radio programs teaching〔J〕.云南教育学院报，1996.10：1 [4].戴炜冻 A New Concise Course on Linguistics for Students of English〔Z〕.上海：上海外语教

[5].李观仪 新编英语教程〔Z〕.上海：上海外语教育出版社2008.8 [6].王蔷 A course in English language teaching〔Z〕上海：高等教育出版社，2002.5：90 [7].章兼中 外语教育学〔Z〕.浙江.浙江教育出版社，1999.15