第一篇:定语从句知识点总结:初一上册英语期中考试
定语从句知识点总结:初一上册英语期中考
试
知识点总结
要学定语从句,得知道什么是定语。定语是用来限定、修饰名词或代词的。例如,a good book, good就是定语。那么复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句就叫做定语从句。定语从句由关系代词或关系副词引导,相当于形容词,在句中作定语。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词,定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词,关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose等,绝对没有what;关系副词有where, when, why,how等。关系词放在先行词和定语从句之间,起连接作用,同时又作定语从句的某个成分。
一、关系代词引导的定语从句
1、由who, whom, that,Whose引导的从句
这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,who作主语指人,whom作宾语指人,that既可作主语又可作宾语(作宾语可以省略),可以指人也可以指物。Whose 用来指人或物,只用作定语。
(1)Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他是那个想见你的男人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语)(2)He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.他就是我昨天见的那个人。(whom/that在从句中作宾语)(3)The man whom you spoke to just now is our English teacher 你刚刚说话的那个男人是我们的英语老师(4)he man whose son is a doctor is our professor.那个儿子是医生的男人是我们的教授。
2、由which, that引导的从句
它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等,作宾语时可以省略,例如:
(1)Prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。(which / that在从句中作主语)(2)The package(which / that)you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.你拿那个包裹快要散开了。(which / that在从句中作宾语)注意: 代表物时多用which,但在下列情况中用that而不用which:
a)先行词是anything, everything, nothing , none等不定代词时;b)先行词由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等修饰时,这时的that常被省略;c)先行词前有序数词或被形容词最高级修饰时;d)先行词中既有人又有物时;e)整个句中前面已有which,who,that时;f)当先行词为物并作表语时;g)先行词为one时;h)先行词同时又被the only,the very,the same修饰时;
二、关系副词引导的定语从句
1、when指时间在定语从句中做时间状语也可做连接词用
I still remember the day when I first came to the school.2、where指地点在定语从句中做地点状语
Shanghai is the city where I was born.3、why指原因在定语从句中做原因状语,用在reason 后面。Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.以上就是为大家整理的定语从句知识点总结:初一上册英语期中考试,怎么样,大家还满意吗?希望对大家的学习有所帮助,同时也祝大家学习进步,考试顺利!相关标签搜索:初一期中复习
第二篇:初中英语知识点总结:定语从句
利志教育——初中英语知识点总结:定语从句
知识点总结
要学定语从句,得知道什么是定语。定语是用来限定、修饰名词或代词的。例如,a good book, good就是定语。那么复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句就叫做定语从句。定语从句由关系代词或关系副词引导,相当于形容词,在句中作定语。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词,定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词,关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose等,绝对没有what;关系副词有where,when, why,how等。关系词放在先行词和定语从句之间,起连接作用,同时又作定语从句的某个成分。
一、关系代词引导的定语从句
1、由who, whom, that,Whose引导的从句
这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,who作主语指人,whom作宾语指人,that既可作主语又可作宾语(作宾语可以省略),可以指人也可以指物。Whose 用来指人或物,只用作定语。
(1)Is he the man who/that wants to seeyou? 他是那个想见你的男人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语)
(2)He is the man whom/ that I sawyesterday.他就是我昨天见的那个人。(whom/that在从句中作宾语)
(3)The man whom you spoke to just now isour English teacher 你刚刚说话的那个男人是我们的英语老师
(4)he man whose son is a doctor is ourprofessor.那个儿子是医生的男人是我们的教授。
2、由which, that引导的从句
它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等,作宾语时可以省略,例如:
(1)Prosperity which / that had never beenseen before appears in the countryside.农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。(which / that在从句中作主语)
(2)The package(which / that)you arecarrying is about to come unwrapped.你拿那个包裹快要散开了。(which / that在从句中作宾语)
注意: 代表物时多用which,但在下列情况中用that而不用which:
a)先行词是anything, everything, nothing , none等不定代词时;
b)先行词由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等修饰时,这时的that常被省略; c)先行词前有序数词或被形容词最高级修饰时;
d)先行词中既有人又有物时;
e)整个句中前面已有which,who,that时;
f)当先行词为物并作表语时;
g)先行词为one时;
h)先行词同时又被the only,the very,the same修饰时;
二、关系副词引导的定语从句
1、when指时间在定语从句中做时间状语也可做连接词用
I still remember the day when Ifirst came to the school.2、where指地点在定语从句中做地点状语
Shanghai is the city where I wasborn.3、why指原因在定语从句中做原因状语,用在reason 后面。Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.常见考法
对于定语从句的考查,多以单选的形式考查学生灵活运用的能力。一般情况下,常从关系词的意义和功能的角度考查,重点是that,which,who引导的定语从句。典型例题:You'rethe only person ______I've ever met ______could do it.A.who B.whom C.whom D.who 解析:先行词person后有两个定语从句,第一个从句省略了关系代词whom.因为, whom作从句中met的宾语,可以省略.第二个从句who coulddo it.who在从句中作主语,不可省略.答案:D 误区提醒
当表示时间或地点的名词作先行词时,要判断出它们在从句中作状语还是主语或宾语。作状语时用关系副词,反之用关系代词。
典型例题:I cannever forget the day _______ we worked together and the day ______ we spenttogether.A.when;which B.which;when C.what;that D.on which;when 解析:.两个先行词the day都是表示时间的名词,但第一个空白处要填的关系词在从句中作状语,因此要用关系副词when.第二个空白处要填的关系词在从句中作动词spent的宾语,因此要用关系代词which或that来引导定语从句.答案:A
第三篇:九年级英语上册定语从句教案
定语从句
定语从句(Attributive Clauses)在句中做定语,修饰一个名词或代词,被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后,由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。
关系代词有:who, whom, whose, that, which等。
关系副词有:when, where, why等。
关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。1)who, whom, that
这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,在从句中所起作用如下:
Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是你想见的人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语)
He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.他就是我昨天见的那个人。(whom/that在从句中作宾语)
2)Whose 用来指人或物,(只用作定语, 若指物,它还可以同of which互换), 例如:
They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.那人车坏了,大家都跑过去帮忙。
Please pass me the book whose(of which)cover is green.请递给我那本绿皮的书。
3)which, that
它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等,例如:
A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。(which / that在句中作宾语)
The package(which / that)you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.你拿的包快散了。(which / that在句中作宾语)
关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词,在从句中作状语。
1)when, where, why
关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于“介词+ which”结构,因此常常和“介词+ which”结构交替使用,例如:
There are occasions when(on which)one must yield.任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。
Beijing is the place where(in which)I was born.北京是我的出生地。
Is this the reason why(for which)he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗?
2)that代替关系副词
that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和“介词+ which”引导的定语从句,在口语中that常被省略,例如:
His father died the year(that / when / in which)he was born.他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。
He is unlikely to find the place(that / where / in which)he lived forty years ago.他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。
判断关系代词与关系副词
方法一: 用关系代词,还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语,就必须要求用关系代词;而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如:
This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.判断改错(注:先显示题,再显示答案,横线;用不同的颜色表示出。)
(错)This is the mountain village where I visited last year.(错)I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.(对)This is the mountain village(which)I visited last year.(对)I'll never forget the days(which)I spent in the countryside.习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。
方法二: 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状),也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。
例1.Is this museum ___ you visited a few days age?
A.where B.that
C.on which
D.the one 例2.Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held.A.where
B.that
C.on which
D.the one 答案:例1 D,例2 A
例1变为肯定句: This museum is ___ you visited a few days ago.例2变为肯定句: This is the museum ___ the exhibition was held.在句1中,所缺部分为宾语,而where, that, on which都不能起到宾语的作用,只有the one既做了主句的表语,又可做从句的宾语,可以省略关系代词,所以应选D。
而句2中, 主、谓、宾俱全,从句部分为句子的状语表地点,既可用副词where,又因 in the museum词组,可用介词in + which 引导地点状语。而此题中,介词on 用的不对,所以选A。
关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分,先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时,选择关系代词(who, whom, that, which, whose); 先行词在从句中做状语时,应选择关系副词(where 地点状语,when 时间状语,why 原因状语)。
限制性和非限制性定语从句
1)定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分,去掉它主句意思往往不明确;非限制性定语从
句是先行词的附加说明,去掉了也不会影响主句的意思,它与主句之间通常用逗号分开,例如:
This is the house which we bought last month.这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。(限制性)
The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.这幢房子很漂亮,是我们上个月买的。(非限制性)2)当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时,其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的,例如:
Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year.查理·史密斯去年退休了,他曾经是我的老师。
My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。
This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching.这本小说很动人,我已经读了三遍。
3)非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数,例如:
He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me.他似乎没抓住我的意思,这使我心烦。
Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation.液态水变为蒸汽,这就叫做蒸发。
说明:关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。
18.5 介词+关系词
1)介词后面的关系词不能省略。2)that前不能有介词。
3)某些在从句中充当时间,地点或原因状语的“介词+关系词”结构可以同关系副词when 和where Why互换。
This is the house where(in which)I lived two years ago.Do you remember the day on which you joined our club? Do you remember the day when you joined our club? 关系代词that 的用法
1)不用that的情况
a)在引导非限定性定语从句时。
(错)The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here.b)介词后不能用。(指物用which,指人用whom)
We depend on the land from which we get our food.We depend on the land that/which we get our food from.c)句首有指示代词that,为了不重复不用that而用其他词。That man is the person whom your brother sent the letter to this morning.2)只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况
a)在there be 句型中,只用that,不用which。
b)在不定代词,如:anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等作先行词时,只用that,不用which。
c)先行词有the only, the very修饰时,只用that。
d)先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时,只用that。.e)先行词既有人,又有物时。
f)
先行词是疑问代词时。g)关系代词在句中作表语时。举例:
All that is needed is a supply of oil.所需的只是供油问题。
Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police.那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察。
第四篇:英语定语从句说课稿
英语定语从句说课稿
一、说教材
二、说教法
三、说学法
四、说教学程序
一、说教材 1.教材分析
各位老师下午好,我今天说课的的内容是定语从句:主要从四个方面来说的:本课时的内容是高中英语必修一Unit4的语法第一课时,初次导入含引导词who, which, that的定语从句,这里的定语从句出现得比较凌乱,因此我把这些语法整合起来教学,让学生有个完整的认识。2.教学目标
1)知识目标:
A.掌握定语从句的基本结构及用法。
B.掌握定语从句的引导词who, which和that的基本用法。2)能力目标:
A.能口头上用简单的定语从句描述人或物。B.能在笔头上用定语从句描述人或物。3.教学重点
1).引导词which, who及 that的基本用法。2).复习和巩固定语从句的结构和用法。4.教学难点
引导词that的特殊用法。用定语从句造句。
二、说教法
根据英语“课标”的要求,课程要从学生的学习兴趣、生活经验和认知水平出发,因此,我将在教学中采用任务型教学,设置情境交际教学等。1.任务型教学,每个环节布置一个不同层次的任务,让不同层次的学生在完成每个任务的时获得成就感,同时,不同难易的任务有效地锻炼了不同层次的学生能力。2.设置情境交际法,尽量设置学生感兴趣的话题,让学生充分利用新学的知识。
3.把枯燥的语法规则学习融入有趣的口语训练,交际应用当中。4.通过笔头训练巩固所学语法知识。达到口头,笔头的完美结合。
三、说学法
1.列举法,举例加深对定语从句的理解。2.在说练中体会语法的含义及用法。四.说教学程序 Leading in导入
以一个笑谈式的问题引出本课的主题。比如,在师生问答中很随意地引出下列对话:
T: Do you like the boy? S:Which one?
T: The one who has big eyes.„„
在学生猜出答案之前给学生输入尽量多含who的定语从句。Your classmate is the boy / man who „„ 4.小结:
定语从句的定义,结构及引导词who的用法。5.练习
让学生翻译及个含有定语从句的句子。
The man who stood here a minute ago is my father.Do you know the thief who stole your money?
6.导入which的用法。利用下列对话引出含有Which的定语从句。T: May I borrow a pen? S: Which oen?
T: The one which has a rabbit on it.The one which is very long.然后把学生的钢笔收集起来,一次展示几支,让学生用定语从句描述自己的钢笔,并且领走。
Which pen is yours?
The pen which „„ is mine.8.小结
引导词which的用法。
9.教学难点:指出某些只用that不用which的特殊情况,或只用which 不用that的情况。
10.练习
一.翻译下列句子
1).这就是下学期将要教我们英语的老师。2).我昨天看见的老外来自澳大利亚。3).他在我们昨天参观的工厂工作。4).你想买的自行车太贵了.二.对了答案之后,把复印好的关于定语从句的题发给学生下去做,进行巩固,下节课继续讲定语从句。这个作业具有承上启下的作用。
我的说课内容到此结束,谢谢各位老师。
第五篇:【中考英语】初中英语知识点总结:宾语从句 定语从句和状语从句
【中考英语】初中英语知识点总结:宾语从句 定语从句和
状语从句
一、宾语从句知识点总结
在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。学习宾语从句要抓住三要素:引导词、语序和时态。
一、引导词
1.从句为陈述句,常选择引导词that,that引导宾语从句无意义,不充当句子成分常省略。例句:He told us(that)they would help us through the whole work.2.从句为一般疑问句,常选择引导词if或whether,表示“是否”。在 whether … or not 结构中不能用 if 替换。例句:I don't know if there will be a bus any more.3.从句为特殊疑问句,常选择what,when,where,which,who,how等的疑问代词、副词作引导词。例句:He didn't tell me when we should meet again.二、判断时态情况:
1.主句是一般现在时,从句可以为各种时态。
2.主句是一般过去时,从句要用相应过去时态。
注意:从句描绘客观事实、真理、自然现象等,从句时态不受主句时态限制,仍用一般现在时。
例句:He answered that he was listening to me.Father told me that practice makes perfect.三、宾语从句的语序要用陈述句语序
陈述句语序,就是主语在前,谓语动词在后。
错误:He is wondering when can he finish this difficult job.正确:He is wondering when he can finish this difficult job.注意:宾语从句的否定转移
主句的谓语动词是think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,expect,fancy,guess等,并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时,从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来,其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致。例如:I don't think he will come to my party.而不能说成I think he won't come to my party.常见考法
对于宾语从句的考查,多以单选的形式考查学生灵活运用的能力。一般情况下,常从引导词的选择、时态的一致性及从句的陈述语序方面考查。
典型例题:Please tell me ______ last year.A.where does your sister work
B where did your sister work
C.where your sister works
D where your sister worked
解析:本题考查对宾语从句的掌握。宾语从句要用陈述语序,所以排除A和 B;last year 表示过去时,所以排除 C.答案:D
误区提醒
宾语从句的语序要用陈述句语序,但要注意当疑问词为主语时,句式为:疑问词+谓语+其他,问句和陈述句语序一样。
典型例题:I didn't know ?
A.What wrong was with her
B.what was wrong with her
C.what wrong is with her
D.what is wrong with her
解析:主句是一般过去时,从句要用相应过去时态,所以排除C和D;在what was wrong with her中,what作主语,所以问句本身又是陈述句语序,不用变化。
答案: B
二、定语从句知识点总结
要学定语从句,得知道什么是定语。定语是用来限定、修饰名词或代词的。例如,a good book, good就是定语。那么复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句就叫做定语从句。定语从句由关系代词或关系副词引导,相当于形容词,在句中作定语。被定语从句修饰的 词叫先行词,定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词,关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose等,绝对没有what;关系副词有where, when, why, how等。关系词放在先行词和定语从句之间,起连接作用,同时又作定语从句的某个成分。
一、关系代词引导的定语从句
1、由who, whom, that, Whose引导的从句
这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,who作主语指人,whom作宾语指人,that既可作主语又可作宾语(作宾语可以省略),可以指人也可以指物。Whose 用来指人或物,只用作定语。
(1)Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他是那个想见你的男人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语)
(2)He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.他就是我昨天见的那个人。(whom/that在从句中作宾语)
(3)The man whom you spoke to just now is our English teacher 你刚刚说话的那个男人是我们的英语老师
(4)he man whose son is a doctor is our professor.那个儿子是医生的男人是我们的教授。
2、由which,that引导的从句
它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等,作宾语时可以省略,例如:
(1)Prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。(which / that在从句中作主语)
(2)The package(which / that)you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.你拿那个包裹快要散开了。(which / that在从句中作宾语)
注意:代表物时多用which,但在下列情况中用that而不用which:
a)先行词是anything, everything, nothing , none等不定代词时;
b)先行词由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等修饰时,这时的that常被省略;
c)先行词前有序数词或被形容词最高级修饰时;
d)先行词中既有人又有物时;
e)整个句中前面已有which,who,that时;
f)当先行词为物并作表语时;
g)先行词为one时;
h)先行词同时又被the only, the very ,the same修饰时;
二、关系副词引导的定语从句
1、when指时间在定语从句中做时间状语也可做连接词用
I still remember the day when I first came to the school.2、where指地点在定语从句中做地点状语
Shanghai is the city where I was born.3、why指原因在定语从句中做原因状语,用在reason 后面。
Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.常见考法
对于定语从句的考查,多以单选的形式考查学生灵活运用的能力。一般情况下,常从关系词的意义和功能的角度考查,重点是that,which,who引导的定语从句。
典型例题:You're the only person ______I've ever met ______could do it.A.who B.whom C.whom D.who
解析:先行词person后有两个定语从句,第一个从句省略了关系代词whom.因为,whom作从句中met的宾语,可以省略。第二个从句who could do it.who在从句中作主语,不可省略。
答案:D
误区提醒
当表示时间或地点的名词作先行词时,要判断出它们在从句中作状语还是主语或宾语。作状语时用关系副词,反之用关系代词。
典型例题:I can never forget the day _______ we worked together and the day ______ we spent together.A.when, which B.which, when
C.what, that
D.on which, when
解析:两个先行词the day都是表示时间的名词,但第一个空白处要填的关系词在从句中作状语,因此要用关系副词when.第二个空白处要填的关系词在从句中作动词spent的宾语,因此要用关系代词which或that来引导定语从句。
答案:A
三、状语从句知识点总结
(一)时间状语从句
在复合句中,由时间连接词引导的状语从句叫做时间状语从句。时间状语从句通常由when, while, as, after, before, since, until等词引导。
一、时间状语从句种类
1、引导的从句表示主从句的动作同时发生,或从句的动作在主句之前。when引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词,又可以是瞬时动词。例如:
When she came in, I stopped eating.她进来时,我停止吃饭。(瞬时动词)
When I lived in the countryside, I used to carry some water for him.当我住在农村时,我常常为他担水。(延续性的动词)
We were about to leave when he came in.我们就要离开,就在那时他进来了。
2、While引导的从句的谓语动作必须是延续性的,并强调主句和从句的动作同时发生(或者相对应)。并且while有时还可以表示对比。例 如:While my wife was reading the newspaper,I was watching TV.(was reading是延续性的动词,was reading和was watching同时发生)I like playing football while you like playing basketball.我喜欢踢足球,而你喜欢打篮球。(对比)
3、As表示“一边……一边”,as引导的动作是延续性的动作,一般用于主句和从句动作同时发生;as也可以强调“一先一后。例如:We always sing as we walk.我们总是边走边唱。(as表示”一边……一边“)As we was going out, it began to snow.当我们出门时,开始下雪了。(as强调句中两个动作紧接着先后发生,而不强调开始下雪的特定时间)
4、由before和after引导的时间状语从句,表示两个动作一前一后发生。
例如:It will be four days before they come back.他们要过四天才能回来。
After you think it over, please let me know what you decide.你仔细考虑过以后,告诉我你是怎样决定的。
5、由till或until引导的时间状语从句。till和until一般情况下两者可以互换,但是在强调句型中多用until.并且要注意的 是:如果主句中的谓语动词是瞬时动词时,必须用否定形式;如果主句中的谓语动词是延续性动词时,用肯定或否定形式都可以,但表达的意思不同。till不可 以用在句首,而until可以放在句首。例如:
I didn't go to bed until(till)my father came back.直到我父亲回来我才上床睡觉。
I worked until he came back.我工作到他回来为止。
6、由since引导的时间状语从句表示“自从……以来”。
I have been in Beijing since you left.自从你离开以来,我一直在北京了。
7、由as soon as引导的时间状语从句表示“一……就”。例如:
As soon as I reach Canada, I will ring you up.我一到加拿大,就给你来电话。
二、时态问题
在状语从句中,有“主将从现”的规定,即主句用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时表示将来时。例句:I will call you as soon as I arrive in Beijing.我到北京就将给你打电话。(这是由as soon as引导的时间状语从句,从句中的谓语动词arrive是一般现在时,表示一般将来时,决不可用will arrive)
常见考法
对于时间状语从句的考查,多以单选和完形填空的形式,从连词的意义角度让大家选择连词,或从时态的角度设题,考查学生灵活运用的能力。
典型例题:I'm sure he will jump up when he
the good news.A.know
B will know
C.knows
D knowing
解析:本题考查学生时间状语从句的时态问题。时间状语从句中,主句若是一般将来时,从句应用一般现在时表示将来时。从句的主语是单三人称,所以排除 A.答案: C
误区提醒
When既可以引导时间状语从句,也可以引导宾语从句,辨别它在这两种从句中的时态是我们经常容易出错的地方。
典型例题:I don't know when he
next week.when he , please let me know.A.comes, comes
B.will come, will come
C.will come, comes
D.comes, will come
解析:第一句话“我不知道他下周什么时候来”,when引导宾语从句,表示将来时,就用一般将来时will come;第二句话“当他来的时候,请让我知道”,when引导时间状语从句,用一般现在时表示将来时,所以用 comes.答案: C
(二)结果状语从句知识点总结
结果状语从句是补充说明主句中谓语动词发生的结果的,结果状语从句常由so… that或 such…that引导。要掌握这两个句型,我们首先来了解一下so 和 such与其后的词的搭配规律。
1、such 是形容词,修饰名词或名词词组,such(+a/an)(+形容词)+名词+that;例如:
such a good book, such nice girls
2、so 是副词,只能修饰形容词或副词,“so+形容词/副词+that”。例如:
so nice, so slowly
一般情况下,such+a+形容词+名=so+形容词+aan+名 例如:
so nice a flower = such a nice flower
表达“如此多/少”时,常用so,so与表示数量的形容词many, few, much, little连用,形成固定搭配。例如:so many people
so… that和 such…that都可译成“如此的···以至于···”,二者可以互换,(当so修饰副词的时候,二者往往不互换)
例句:
The boy is so young that he can't go to school.He is such a young boy that he can't go to school.常见考法
对于结果状语从句的考查,多以单选和完形填空的形式,从连词的意义角度让大家选择连词。
典型例题:His plan was such a good one ____ we all agreed to accept it.A.so
B.and
C.that D.as
解析:题干的意思是“他的计划如此好以至于我们都同意接受它”,that与前面的such呼应,引导结果状语从句。
答案:A
误区提醒
结果状语从句中。除了要注意so… that和 such…that的区别外,还要注意它们和too……to do(太···而不能····)和enough +形容词/副词+to do(足够的···可以···)的转换。
典型例题:Ann is too young to go to school.(同义句转换)
Ann is
go to school.解析:原句的意思是“安太小了而不能去上学”。那也就是说“安是如此的小,以至于她不能去上学”,根据所给出的空数,可以用so… that句型。
答案:so young that she can't
(三)原因状语从句知识点总结
是用来说明引起主句这个结果的原因的从句,在初中阶段引导原因状语从句的从属连词主要的有because, as, since, for等。例如:
1.I didn't go to school yesterday because I was ill.我昨天没去上学,因为我生病了。
2.Since everybody is here, let's begin our meeting.既然大家都来了,让我们开始开会吧。
3.As you are in poor health, you should not stay up late.既然你身体不好,你就不该熬夜。
4.I asked her to stay to tea, for I had something to tell her.我请她留下来喝茶,因为我有事要告诉她。
原因状语从句应注意的问题
1、because, since, as, for,辨析
1)because语势最强,用来说明人所不知的原因,回答why提出的问题。当原因是显而易见的或已为人们所知,就用as或 since.I didn't go, because I was afraid.Since /As the weather is so bad, we have to delay our journey.2)由because引导的从句如果放在句末,且前面有逗号,则可以用for来代替。但如果不是说明直接原因,而是多种情况加以推断,就只能用for.例:
He is absent today, becaus e / for he is ill.He must be ill, for he is absent today.3)as和for的区别:通常情况下,as引导的从句在主句前,for引导的从句在主句后。例:As the weather is cold, I stay at home.(同义句)I stay at home, for the weather is cold.2、because习惯上不与so连用
汉语习惯上说“因为…所以…”,但英语习惯上却不能将 so与because 连用:
正:Because it was raining, we stayed at home./ It was raining, so we stayed at home.误:Because it was raining, so we stayed at home.因为下雨,所以我们呆在家里。
3、because 从句与 because of短语的转换
Because引导的原因状语从句有时可与because of 短语转换,because of后加的原因可以为好或坏,但最正规的还是because.He can't come because he is ill./ He can't come because of his illness.他因病不能来。
I said nothing about it because his wife was there./ I said nothing about it because of his wife's being there.因为他妻子在那儿,我对此事只字未提。
常见考法
对于原因状语从句的考查,多以单选和完形填空的形式,从连词的意义角度让大家选择连词。
典型例题:He found it increasingly difficult to read, ____ his eyesight was beginning to fail.A.and
B.for
C.but
D.or
解析:“his eyesight was beginning to fail”是“he found it increasingly difficult to read”的原因,因此本题应选用可以表示原因的连词for引导原因状语从句。
答案: B
误区提醒
除了because、since、as、for这四个词的辨析外,对于because 从句与 because of短语的区分也是难点之一。Because引导的原因状语从句有时可与because of 短语转换,because of后跟的是短语,because后跟的是句子。
典型例题:He didn't go to work
the heavy rain.A.because
B.because of
C.so
D.since
解析:题干的意思是“由于那场大雨,他没有去上班”,the heavy rain.表示原因,排除C;since和because 表示原因,后面跟的是从句,也就是说必须是一个完整的句子,本题中the heavy rain没有主语和谓语。只是一个短语,所以排除A和C;because of表示“由于···”,后跟名词、代词或短语。
答案:B
(四)条件状语从句知识点总结
引导条件状语从句的连接词主要有:if(如果)、unless(除非)或 as long as(只要)等。unless在意思上等于if……not.一、条件状语从句用法
1、引导条件状语从句最常用的连词是if,由if引导的条件状语从句表示在某种条件下某事很可能发生。如:
If you ask him, he will help you.如果你请他帮忙,他会帮你的。
If you fail in the exam, you will let him down.如果你考试不及格,你会让他失望的。
另外,if从句还表示不可实现的条件或根本不可能存在的条件,也就是一种虚拟的条件或假设,从句多用一般过去时或过去完成时。如:If I were you, I would invite him to the party.如果我是你,我会邀请他参加聚会。
2、unless = if……not.除非,若不,除非在……的时候
例如:Let's go out for a walk unless you are too tired.=If you are not too tired, let's go out for a walk.Unless it rains, the game will be played.除非下雨,比赛将照常进行。
3、so/as long as只要
例句;You may borrow my book as long as you keep it clean.只要你保持书的清 洁,你就可以把我的书借去。
So long as you're happy, it doesn't matter what you do.只要你高兴,你做什么都没有关系。
二、时态问题
在条件状语从句中,要注意“主将从现”的规定,即主句用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时表示将来时。例句: I will come to see you if I have time.我有时间,我就来看你。
常见考法
对于条件状语从句的考查,多以单选和完形填空的形式,从时态的角度设题,考查学生灵活运用的能力,或从连词的意义角度让大家选择连词。
典型例题:If he ___in half an hour, we ___wait for him.A.won't come, won't
B.won't come, don't
C.doesn't come, won't
D.will come, don't
解析:本题考查条件状语从句“主将从现”的运用。题干的意思是“如果他一小时后不来,我们将不会等他了”,从“in half an hour”,“一小时后”可知本句说的是未来的事,那么if引导的条件状语从句要用一般现在时表示将来时,主句要用一般将来时。
答案:C
误区提醒
if 既可以引导条件状语从句,表示“如果”,也可以引导宾语从句,表达“是否”。辨别它在这两种从句中的时态是我们经常容易出错的地方。另外,if 和unless的用法也需注意。
典型例题: ——I wonder if your wife
to the party.----If your wife _________, so will mine。.A.will go, go
B.will go, goes
C.goes, will go
D.will go, will go
解析:第一句中if表示“是否”,引导宾语从句,用将来时will go;第二句“如果你的妻子去,我的妻子也去”,if引导条件状语从句,用一般现在时表示将来时。your wife,单三人称主语,所以用goes.答案:B
(五)目的状语从句知识点总结
顾名思义,用来说明主句中谓语动词发生的目的的从句叫做目的状语从句。表示目的状语的从句可以由 that(以便), so that(以便), in order that(为了;以便), Lest(免得;唯恐), for fear that(生怕;以免)等词引导;目的状语从句的谓语常含有may, might, can, could, should, would等情态动词。
例如:You must speak louder so that /in order that you can be heard by all.He wrote the name down for fear that(lest)he should forget it.Better take more clothes in case the weather is cold.学习目的状语从句应注意以下两点:
(1)目的状语从句中常含有can, could, may, might, should等情态动词。例如:
I got up early so that I could catch the first bus.我起得很早,目的是为了赶上头班公共汽车。
(2)在口语中so可以引导目的状语从句。例如:
We'll sit nearer the front so we can hear better.我们坐的靠前一点,因此,我们听得清楚一点。
1、in order that与in order to的区别:
in order that+从句
in order to+动词原形(in order to后面加的那个不叫目的状语从句,叫目的状语)例如:
He got up early in order to take the first bus.= He got up early in order that he could take the first bus.(他起床很早是为了赶上第一班 公共汽车)
目的状语从句的一个特点:由于目的都是未来的行为,所以从句中一般用表示未来可能性时态,比如上面句中的could.当然还可以用will,would,can,等.2、so that既可引导目的状语从句,也可以引导结果状语从句。
1)其引导结果状语从句时,so that翻译为“以至于……”,经常可以和so/such……that……转换,且从句只能放在主句之后。如:He got up late so that he was late for school.= He got up so late that he was late for school.2)其引导目的状语从句时,从句只能放在主句之后,此时可以和in order that换用。如:He got up early so that he could take the first bus.= He got up early in order that he could take the first bus.常见考法
对于目的状语从句的考查,多以单选和完形填空的形式,从连词的意义角度让大家选择连词。
典型例题:Ann listened carefully _____ she could discover what she needed.A.such that B.in order that C.because
D.even though
解析:题干的意思是“为了能够发现自己需要的东西,安认真听讲”。很明显从句表示的是目的。such that本身是错误短语,because 表示原因,even though是“尽管”的意思,不符合题意。
答案:B
误区提醒
如何区别目的状语从句中的so that与结果状语从句中的so that的用法,这是我们需要注意的。目的状语从句的so that是连着的,结果状语从句是分开的,即so…that.so that是目的状语从句,是为了什么什么,有目的的含义。而so…that是结果状语从句,是“如此怎么怎么样结果是什么”。仔细体会一下吧!
典型例题:I get up so early
I can not be late
A.that B.so that C.such that
D.in order
解析:题干的意思是“我起床如此早以便于我可以不迟到”。从句表示目的,首先排除C,因为such that本身是错误短语,在排除in order,因为它后面不能跟句子;因为句子中有so,所以大家可能选A,如果选它,那句子的意思是“我起床如此早结果我可以不迟到”,显然说不通,所以 排除。
答案: B
(六)方式状语从句知识点总结
1、方式状语从句通常由as,(just)as…so…, as if, as though引导。
1)as,(just)as…so…引导的方式状语从句通常位于主句后,但在(just)as…so…结构中位于句首,这时as从句带有比喻的含义,意思是“正如…”,“就像”,多用于正式文体,例如:
Please do as what I told you.请按照我告诉你的做。
As water is to fish, so air is to man.我们离不开空气,犹如鱼儿离不开水。
Just as we sweep our rooms, so we should sweep backward ideas from our minds.正如打扫房屋一样,我们也要扫除我们头脑中落后的东西。
2)as if, as though 两者的意义和用法相同,引出的状语从句谓语多用虚拟语气,表示与事实相反,有时也用陈述语气,表示所说情况是事实或实现的可能性较大。汉译常作“仿佛……似的”,“好像……似的”,例如:
He looks as if(as though)he had been hit by lightning.他那样子就像被雷击了似的。(与事实相反,谓语用虚拟语气。)
It looks as if the weather may pick up very soon.看来天气很快就会好起来。(实现的可能性较大,谓语用陈述语气。)
说明:as if / as though也可以引导一个分词短语、不定式短语或无动词短语,例如:
He cleared his throat as if to say something.他清了清嗓子,像要说什么似的。
The waves dashed on the rocks as if in anger.波涛冲击着岩石,好像很愤怒。
2、其他的引导词
1)the way: Please pronounce the word the way I do.请照我这样,读这个单词。
2)口语常用的like: He sit there smiling like it was his birthday.他面带微笑坐在那儿,像是过生日似的。(这里用了虚拟语气,值得注意的是be动词用的was,而表示虚拟as if引导的be动词则只能是were.)
地点状语从句表示地点、方位,这类从句通常由where,wherever引导。例如:
Where there is a will, there is a way.有志者,事竟成。
They will go where they are happy.他们想到他们觉得快乐的地方去。
(七)地点状语从句知识点总结
1、地点状语从句类型
1)Where+地点从句。此句型通常译成“哪里……哪里就……”或“····的地方”。例如: Where there is no rain, farming is difficult or impossible.在没有雨水的地方,耕作是困难的,或根本不可能的。
They were good persons.Where they went, they were warmly welcomed.他们都是好人。因此他们走到哪里都受到热烈欢迎。
You should have put the book where you found it.你本来应该把书放回原来的地方.We must camp where we can get water.我们必须在能找到水的地方露营。
2)Anywhere/ wherever+地点从句,+主句。
anywhere本身是个副词,但是,常可以引导从句,相当于连词,意思相似于wherever, anywhere引导的从句可位于主句之前,也可以位于主句之后。而wherever本身就是个连词,表示“在何处,无论何处”。例如:
Wherever the sea is, you will find seamen.有海就有海员。
2、地点状语从句与定语从句的区别
二者区别在于分句在句中作什么成分。作状语,则是状语从句;作定语修饰名词,则是定语从句。where引导定语从句时,从句前应有一个表示地点的名词作先行词;而状语从句前则无需先行词。如:
Go back where you came from.(where引导地点状语从句)你从何处来到何处去。Go back to the village where you came from.(where引导定语从句,修饰village)回到你来的那个村子里去。
3、地点状语从句的省略,如:Fill in the blanks with articles necessary.(necessary前省略了where it is)在需要的地方填上冠词。
常见考法
对于方式和地点状语从句的考查,多以单选和完形填空的形式,从连词的意义角度让大家选择连词。
典型例题:She looks
she is ill.A as if
B though
C because
D since
解析:as if 表示“好像”,though 表示“尽管”,because表示“因为”,since 表示“既然”,从题干的意思“看上去她好象是生病了,确定答案为A.答案:A
误区提醒
单纯考查地点状语从句在初中阶段考试中出现的并不多,这种从句多是在完形填空和阅读短文中出现,以考查学生的理解能力。它和定语从句的区别是容易出错的地方。
典型例题:
1、You should let your children play _________ you can see them.A.where
B.when
C.in which
D.that
解析:题干的意思是“你应该让你的孩子在你能看见的地方玩”,句中没有表示地点的名词作先行词,所以不是定语从句。where 意为“在……的地方”,引导地点状语从句。
答案:A
2、Now he works in the factory _________ his father used to work.A.where
B.when
C.in which
D.that
解析:题干的意思是“现在他在他父亲过去工作的那家工厂工作”,句中有表示地点的名词作先行词factory,所以where引导定语从句,表示地点。
答案:A
(八)让步状语从句知识点总结
所谓让步,就是我们日常生活中“退一步说……”的意思,有一种转折关系在里面。引导让步状语从句的连词主要有以下这些:though, although, while, as, even if, even though, whether……or……, no matter+疑问词,疑问词-ever,一般翻译为“尽管……”或“即使……”,“无论……”。用法如下:
1、though,although表示“虽然,纵然”之意。这两个连词意思大致相同,在一般情况下可以互换使用。在口语中,though较常使用,although比 though正式,二者都可与yet, still或never, the less连用,但不能与but连用。例如:
Although/Though he is very old,(yet)he is quite strong.他虽然年纪大了,身体还很健壮。
值得注意的是,although引导的让步状语从句位于主句之前的情况较多,though引导的让步状语从句可位于主句之前或主句之后。
2、as, though表示“虽然……但是”,“纵使……”之意。as引导的让步状语从句必须以部分倒装的形式出现,被倒装的部分可以是表语、状语或动词原形,though也可用于这样的结构中,但although不可以这样用。例如:
Hard as/ though he works, he makes little progress.(=Though he works hard,he makes little progress.)尽管他学习很努力,但几乎没取得什么进步。
3、even if,even though 表示“即使……”,“纵使……”之意,含有一种假设。这两个复合连词的意思基本相同。它们常互换使用,但意义有细微差别。even if引导的让步从句含有强烈的假定性,可用来表示与事实相反的假设,但不能用来描述已经发生的事实。而even though引导让步状语从句时,是以从句的内容为先决条件的,即说话人肯定了从句的事实,表示已经发生了的事。例如:
We'll make a trip even if/though the weather is bad.即使天气不好,我们也要作一次旅行。
4、whether……or……表示“不论是否……”,“不管是……还是……”之意。由这一个复合连词引导的让步状语从句旨在说明正反两方面的可能性都不会影响主句的意向或结果。例如:
You'll have to attend the ceremony whether you're free or busy.不管你忙不忙,都要参加这个典礼.5、“no matter+疑问词”或“疑问词-ever”的含义为“……都……;不管……都……”它们引导的让步状语从句可以互换。例如:
No matter what happened, he would not mind.(=Whatever happened,he would not mind.)无论发生了什么,他都不会介意的。
但“no matter+疑问词”结构只能引导让步状语从句,而“疑问词-ever”还可以引导名词性从句。例如:Whatever(=No matter what)you say,I won't believe you.(Whatever 引导让步状语从句)无论你说什么,我都不会相信你。
I'll eat whatever(≠no matter what)you give me.(whatever引导宾语从句)你给我吃什么,我就吃什么。
(九)比较状语从句知识点总结
比较状语从句一般是指含有比较级的句子中由as或than引起的从句。从某种角度上说,它也是一种方式状语从句,例如:
He moves more slowly than his sister does.他行动起来比他妹妹慢。
He works as hard as his brother(does).他学习和他哥哥一样努力。
常见考法
对于让步和比较状语从句的考查,多以单选和完形填空的形式,从连词的意义角度让大家选择连词。
典型例题:it is very late now, the workers are still working in the factory.A
Although
B As
C When
D If
解析:本题考查让步状语从句的连词的用法。根据句意“尽管现在很晚了,工人们仍然在工厂工作”,前后有转折关系,是让步状语从句。
误区提醒
用though/although, as 引导让步状语从句时,句中不能用but表示转折语气。例如:
不能说:Though he looks weak, but he is healthy.而要说:Though he looks weak, he is healthy.或者说:He looks weak, but he is healthy.典型例题:Though it rained heavily yesterday, he got to school on time.A
but
B /
C and
解析:题干的意思是“尽管昨天下大雨了,他还是按时到达了学校”,前后是转折关系,有同学可能会选A,但hough/although和but不能同时使用,所以选B.答案:B