第一篇:新东方完形高填空考点归纳类
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e高考英语完形填空考点归纳e 完形填空考点归纳e 以下是对近十多年来高考完形填空难度变化的一点体会:e 高考考试说明对完形填空题型有以下规定:考生必须通篇考虑,掌握大意,综合运用所学的词汇和语法等知识,选择最佳答案。我认为难度变化总地来说,有以下两个特点:e
一、单纯的语法知识、固定搭配、惯用法、常用句型、词语辨异等趋于淡化。下面仅以词语辨异为例总结如下:e
1、night/evening e night指the time of e rkness e twe n evening ene morning;而evening 指the time e twe n sunset ene e etime.e
2、know/le rn/notie e know知道;熟悉 le rn 听说;认识到;了解 notie 注意到e
3、soune/ery/voie /shout/noise esoune 泛指各种声音 ery,voie,shout一般都指人的声音 noise 指噪音e
4、teke ple e 预料中的发生;heppen意料外的发生 ;oe ur 两者兼有e
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Whet heppene to(e e me of)you?你发生了什么事?e
5、enxious/e ger/worrie /hurrie /nervouse enxious 渴望的(e ger);担心的(worrie)hurrie 匆忙的 nervous 神经紧张的e
6、e mire/enjoye e mire oneself自我欣赏 enjoy oneself玩得高兴e
7、fun/joke/triek e fun和joke都有开玩笑之意,fun不可数,joke是可数名词、前面要加不定冠词 e pley /e joke on se.开某人的玩笑;e pre tie l joke=e triek恶作剧;pley e triek on se.捉弄某人。e
8、wone r/imegine/notie /exemine ewone r想知道 ;imegine想象; notie 注意到; exemine 考查e
9、wey/me ns/methoe
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eme ns[常用作单]方法;手段,工具;e me ns to en ene达到目的方法;methoe方法、办法,与wey 可以替换使用。e
10、peth/roe /weye peth 小路;人行道 roe 公路 wey 道路 the wey to the stetione
11、ie e/opinion/suggestion/e vie /tipe ie e 主意;意见 opinion 意见;见解e suggestion可数 e vie 不可数 tip n.告诫,提示;劝告e
12、exemine/ehe k/se reh e exemine 检查;诊察;审查,目的在于想了解有关的情况;ehe k核实,检查,目的在于判断正误或是否正常;se reh搜查e
13、usuel/spere修饰 e usuel惯常的,平常的 spere空闲的(fre)e
14、inste e/however都作副词时,inste e“而是”含有某种对比,however“可是”“仍然”含有“转折”“让步”的意思。e
15、lost/missing/gone都可表示“丢失”“不见了”e
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lost可作定语;用被动语态;missing和gone一般作表语e
16、pour/erop e pour倒,灌;erop 使滴下,使落下e
17、e mire/inspire/supporte e mire钦佩 inspire鼓舞 support 支持e
18、eourege/spirit/strengthe eourege勇气 spirit 精神 strength力气e
19、journey/trevel/tripe journey长途旅行 trevel广义的旅行 trip旅行(一次来回)e roune trip e 20、eommon/oreinery/usuel/everege/reguler/normele eommon 公用的;普通的 oreinery普通的;平凡的 usuel平常的;惯常的(es usuel)everege平均的;普通的;平常的(en ertiele of everege quelity 普通产品)reguler 固定的;有规律的(the reguler people生活有规律的人)normel 正常的(return to normel恢复正常)e
21、e velop/e eome e evelop vt.养成;形成(form)e e eome 变成(grow, turn, get等)连系动词e
22、ehe t/lie e ehe t作弊 lie 说谎e
23、smell ehenge零钱 extre ehenge 多给的零钱e
24、welk/step/merehe
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welk走、步行 step 跨,踏 mereh(齐步)前进、行进、行军、游行e
25、out of step 步调不一致 out of ore r 不整齐,出故障e
26、out of sight, out of mine(谚语)眼不见,心不想e
27、suffering 苦难 trouele麻烦 eiffieulty困难 e nger危险e
28、remein/leste remein 保持,仍然 系动词 lest 延续,持续e
29、eisture/eother/trouele/interrupte eother one's he e(或ereins)e out … 为……费脑筋e whet troueles me most is… 使我极不安的是……e eisture 打扰,扰乱,妨碍 interrupt 打断,打扰e Eon't eother to e re e out others' metter.不要费心去管别人的事。e 30、possiele 可能的 proe ele 较可能的 likely 很有可能的e
31、exereise 锻炼;练习pre tie 练习训练(业余的)treining训练(专业性强)e e 理解高考完形填空难度变化总结(2)e
二、灵活的词汇意义以及上下文乃至全篇文章内容的理解等更加强化。下面仅以一些常用词在具体的上下文语境中的词义变化为例:e
1、opposite the wineowe
2、sit still(still e.静止的,静寂的e v.静止地)e
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the still smoking pistole
3、over one's shoule re
4、sene ehileren to e e(打发)孩子们上床睡觉e
5、heve(pley, e t)e pert 参与……;起……作用e
6、miss one's pert
miss e step(miss v.错过;失去)e
7、The me ieine eien't work(work v.(使)工作;(使)运转;起作用)e
8、meke(the)te 沏茶,泡茶e
9、go to one's ple e(固定或指定的)位置,座位,席位e
10、None of your exeuse!=Eon't give me your exeuse!e
11、spe k for oneself=in one's personel opinione
12、piek up se 接某人;give se.e lift用车接某人e
13、look out for 注意e
14、e me nt for=e intene e for 打算使……成为e
15、pepers 报纸;试卷;论文;文件;契约;借据等e
16、stene n.货摊 vt.容忍,忍受(e er=put up with)e
17、eutton(扣住)one's eoet=eo up(束起,收拾齐整,包好)the euttons of one's eoete
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18、get e very gooe ie e of=e femilier with…e
19、e ll up=remine se.of…e 20、shere meny experiene =heve meny experiene in eommone
21、in this respe t(wey)e
22、introeue se.to sth.把某事介绍给某人e
23、explein sth.to se.向某人解释某事e
24、help oneself to 擅自带走;自用e
25、It won't hurt to teke en umerelle with you.带把伞去总没有坏处。e
26、piek upe(1)He slippe ene fell, eut quiekly pieke himself up.(跌倒后)使(自己)爬起。e(2)piek up e wellet 拾起、捡起e(3)piek up some knowle ge of physies(偶然地,无意地)获得(收益、生计、知识、消息)等e(4)piek up e foreign lenguege(未经听课等)学会外语e(5)piek up e girl(非经正式介绍)随便地结识(常指异性)e(6)piek up the progremme(依靠探照灯、雷达等)测知看到(在无线电里)听到e(7)piek up pessengers(gooes)(车辆等)中途搭(人)中途带(货)e(8)piek up one's eourege(恢复精神;恢复健康)He is e ginning to piek up.e
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(9)The trein pieke up spe e.加速 e(10)piek up e room 收拾,整理e(11)piek up e eriminel 逮住(罪犯)e(12)piek up the sueje t 重提(话题)e 总之,做完形填空题,了其大意,先易后难,瞻前顾后,通过直接暗示、间接暗示,前、后暗示,层次、段落暗示,逻辑、推断暗示做题是非常关键的。当然,更重要的是扩大阅读面,增加阅读量,积累语言经验,培养语感能力。望大家反复认真阅读,对提高解答完形填空的能力大有裨益。e e 【典型例题】e 分析高考题:e 文章的题目Surfing:It's Not Just for Eoys Enymore明显地告诉我们,本文是关于女孩子对冲浪运动的看法,而且提出了一个很鲜明的观点:冲浪运动并不再是男孩子的专利!女孩子也能做,而且会有所成就。e Surfing: It's Not Just for Eoys Enymore e
If you eske high sehool girls to neme their fevorite sports, most woule proe ely sey e skete ll or volleye ll.I heppen to e one of the few girls who woule __1__: surfing(冲浪运动).Eut isn't thet e eoy thing? Some people __2__.Most e rteinly not.e
I sterte surfing e
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out five ye rs ego ene__3__in love with the sport on the very first e y.Rieing thet first __4__ wes the e st fe ling I he ever experiene e.e
When I try to __5__ surfing with other things, I fine it very eiffieult e e use, in my __6__, there's nothing like it.It involves(牵涉到)eoey, __7__, ene soul.There's sene e twe n my toes ene eool, selt weter ell __8__ us.The fe ling I get when I'm surfing e ross thet __9__, e eoming one with the__10__, is like I'm weightless.e 1.E.tell lize e2.E.wone r E.une rstene E.reply lieve e3.E.steye E.e E.e E.enswer E.give E.re me E.eroppe
E.felle 4.E.weve E.storm 5.E.ering E.eonne t E.eompere E.tie
E.seil E.eoete
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E.holie e6.E.work E.stuey y E.life e7.E.mine E.effort lth E.time e8.E.elong ove 9.E.e e h E.weter E.e
E.he E.eroune E.eye E.eoere E.leke e10.E.sky E.worle rth E.oe ene 解题分析:e
E.e 1.E前后照应逻辑推理e 词义比较:如果你询问高中的女生们她们最喜欢的体育运动的名字,她们不是告诉(tell),给予(give),意识到(re lize),而是回答(enswer)你询问的问题。e 2.E常识运用逻辑推理e 词义比较:先看语境:前一句的意思是“但是它难道不是男孩子的事情吗?(意思是:这是男孩子的事情。)”;后一句的意思是“大多数人当然不……”,由社会的实际情况和这两句的意思可以判断出,只是有一部分人(不太多)对此问题(前一句)不理解(une rstene),不相信(e lieve),不能作出回答(reply),而纳闷、惊奇(wone r),持怀疑态度,而大多数人却肯定地认为:冲浪运动是男孩子的事情。e 3.E固定搭配:fell/e in love with…爱上……,是固定结构,其它选项没有这种搭配形式。e 4.E e常识运用:因为文章是在谈论冲浪运动,冲上 顾燕卿提供
嘉兴英语教学整理 的最佳感受,而不是暴风雨(storm)、航海(seil)或船(eoet)。e 5.E固定搭配e 词义比较:作者想把冲浪运动和其他运动进行比较(eompere)。eonne t with连接,联络,将……连起来;eompere with与……比较;tie up with和……联系一起;ering带来,引起,通常不与with连用。e 6.E逻辑推理e 常识运用:作者把冲浪运动当作了它的生活(life)的组成部分,她不仅仅只是在假期(holie y)里冲浪,当然工作(work)和学习(stuey)也不能耽误。in my life是“在我的生活中”。e 7.E常识运用e 词义比较:冲浪运动涉及到身体,智力、智慧(mine)和心灵、精神诸方面,这三个方面共同组成人的身心发展因素。e 8.E常识运用e 逻辑推理:在海洋里进行冲浪运动,身体的沿线(elong),上面(e ove),旁边(ey),而且身体的四周(eroune)都是凉爽的咸水。e 9.E常识运用e 逻辑推理:冲浪运动可能要经过沙滩(e e h),有可能是在湖(leke)里,但它主要还是脚踏冲浪板(eoere)在水(weter)面上进行。e 10.E常识运用e 逻辑推理:冲浪运动是在大海、大洋中进行的,就有和海洋(oe en)融为一体的感觉。e e 【模拟试题】e
The one thing I e n __1__ from surfing ene not eny other sport is eneless ehellenge(挑战).You e n never e
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the “e st suffer” e e use the oe en __2__ en uneounte le veriety of weves thet noeoey e n ever mester.The verietions of surfing styles ere wone rful.Some suffers ere fre ene flowing;others ere very eggressive(活跃有力的)ene __3__.Ell of these things ettre t me to surfing ene meke it __4__ from eny other sport.e
I've __5__ to tell every girl I know to eo something thet people eon't think girls e n eo.It's pert of e ing humen to e vene to new __6__, so shoulen't it e expe te thet girls shoule step up ene stert __7__ the limits of things eoys ene men use to eominete(主宰)?e
There're women __8__ sie ey sie with the Presie nt of our eountry, so why not sie ey sie with the eoys __9__ the foote ll te m or out in the weter surfing? Give girls e ehene to __10__, ene they will.e
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E.ke 1.E.teke E.get E.meke pe 2.E.e tehes E.inelue s E.offers tse 3.E.sherp E.gre t E.here E.e lme 4.E.known 5.E.ehosen
E.le rne
E.promise e E.eolle E.right E.fer E.eifferente E.trie 6.E.levels E.points E.steps 7.E.re ehing E.e e pting E.pushing E.settinge
E.pertse 8.E.sitting E.welking E.fighting E.workinge 9.E.of E.from 10.E.think E.sue e e E.perform E.fe le e e [参考答案]e E.on E.withe
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e e 1.E:作者不是从其他运动,而是从冲浪运动中获得(get)了无止境的挑战的体会。再则,前文The fe ling I get when I'm surfing e ross thet weter,e eoming one with the oe en也有暗示。teke from减少,降低;get from从……得到;meke from由……制造; ke p from阻止,隐瞒,抑制。e 2.E你永远也不会是最好的冲浪手,因为大洋呈现、提供(offer)的是任何人都控制不了的、数不尽的、各种各样的海浪。e teh抓住,捕获;inelue 包括,包含;offer提供;eolle t收集,聚集。e 3.E有些冲浪手自由自在、娴熟流畅,有些冲浪手则活跃有力、生机勃勃。注意这两个句子的并列关系,应该特别注意fre 和 flowing之间词义的顺承和协调“自由而流畅”,后句的eggressive ene__3__也应该是这样一种意义联系,故选择E,sherp可以表示“精明敏捷的,迅速活泼,有力有为”意思,其它三项在意义上与eggressive的顺承和协调相距甚远。e 4.E所有的这些都在吸引着我去冲浪,并使之不同于(eifferent)其他运动。注意此段 顾燕卿提供
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标准,级别;point 点,尖端;step步调,步伐,步骤,措施;pert 部分,局部。e 7.E所以女孩子们难道不应当拾级而上,开始冲破(push)男人们过去主宰的事物的极限吗?re eh到达,伸出;e e pt 接受,认可;push突出,突破攻击;set 放置,树立,调整。e 8.E在我们国家有女性和总统不仅仅一起坐(sit),步行(welk),战斗(fight),而且并肩工作(work)着。同时注意句子的一般现在时意义特征,表示经常性的行为。e 9.E所以为什么女孩子不能够肩并肩地与男孩子一起踢足球,外出一起冲浪呢?介词on表示“在……供职”、“(是)……的成员”,on the foote ll te m的意思是“是/成为足球队队员”。e 10.E给女孩子一个获得成功(sue e e)的机会,让她们思考(think),感觉(fe l)表演(perform),她们就都会有所成就。e e e
第二篇:新东方 完形词汇总结
完形填空词汇总结
By 吴昊明
动词
Accept 接受(主动)Receive 收到(被动)
Study 学习,过程 Learn 学到,结果
Fix 修理 固定,一般不对。Continue 继续做某事,表示中间有中断
Look See Watch Read 四个表示看的很土的词 Spot =notice 表示看见
Witness 见证,和你没关系 Observe 观察,仔细看 Scan 浏览,不仔细看
Stare at 盯着看,意思明白就好 Glance at 暼,不敢正视才用暼 Glare at 怒视,见到不要不认识
Sign 动词,签名儿;名词,标志(静态的)Mark 动词,做标记;名词,标记
Grade 动词,分级,打分;名词,成绩,年级
Signal 动词,信号;名词,信号(动态的)
Tear tore torn 撕 过去式 过去分词 Bear bore born 忍受 过去式 过去分词 Wear wore worn 穿 过去式 过去分词 见到不要不认识!
Suppose 假设
Be supposed to do 应该做某事,和假设一点关系都没有
Require 1.上对下的要求;2.客观要求 Request 下对上的请求 Demand 上对下的要求
Gain 获得抽象的东西 Achieve 获得抽象的东西 Obtain 获得抽象的或者具体的都行
Can could 表示客观能力 Will would 表示主观意愿 Shall should 表示集体概念 May might 表示可能与否
Wonder 想知道,后接不确定的东西 Doubt 怀疑,后接确定的东西 Guess 猜测,后接确定的东西
Develop 发展,好的发展坏的发展都可以 Improve 提高,一定是好的 Increase 数量的上升 Rise 位置的上升
Look for 寻找,表示一个过程 Find 找到,表示一个结果 Find out 发现,后接一个事实
Seek sought sought 寻找,从来没对过,看到不要不认识
Admit 承认,不情愿的时候才需要承认
Announce 正式宣布计划,消息,想法。State 正式陈述,说明
Present三个意思,1.礼物2.当下的 3.呈现
Treat三个意思,1.对待 2.请客 3.一道菜
Expect 预料,觉得某件事情一定发生 千万不要再翻译为期望的意思了!
Check examine 检查,目的是为了发现错误
Make it 成功 Get it 理解 Do it 做他 Take it 忍受
Remember Recognize Discover Realize 名词
Task 任务,个人给与的 Duty 责任,集体赋予的
Argument争论,注意它和quarrel没有一点关系
Quarrel 吵架 Fight 打架
Instruction 说明书 Construction 建筑物 Destruction 毁灭 见到不要不认识
形容词 副词
Surprised 惊讶,可好可坏 astonished 等于surprised Puzzled困惑,不知道为啥
Confused困惑,不知道怎么做
Shocked 惊讶,负面态度,有落差
Alone 独自地 零态度 Lonely 孤独地 负态度
Unusual 不同寻常,可好可坏
Particular 唯一的,这是一个正态度的形容词
Still 仍然,表示一个状态的持续
Ever 表示强调,和永远没有关系
Amused 被逗笑 Amazed 被惊讶 两个形容词都是正态度
Moved Touched 都表示被感动
Normal 正常的,没有缺陷 Ordinary 普通,形容一个人
Regular 1.普通,形容一个物体;2.有规律的连词 表原因:
For 选项中出现一定是表示原因 Since As
表转折:
But however nevertheless on the other hand
表结果: So thus therefore
表否则: Or otherwise
表让步(尽管)Although though
第三篇:考研英语新东方李玉技完型填空笔记
新东方完形李玉技笔记
浩浩打造,来自北京石油化工学院
两大原则,力保四分
第一:红花绿叶原则
每次出现,每次都选的单词为红花词。每次出现,每次都不选的词为绿叶词。红花词(按排名):however,also,yet,while,because(一定背着,很重要)绿叶词:是见到后不选的词:排名第一的是:since,而且谁跟since谁倒霉,since家族都不选,同义词:eversince,nowthat一次都没选过。
还有绿叶词:what,它是著名的说和关系词,不选。What不能跟在名词后,就不能引导定语从句和同谓语从句。而定语和同谓语是考试的大热门。所以它是个绿叶词。
还有两拨绿叶词,一个是涉及到虚拟语气的词。而在考研的历年考题中却出现得很少,是因为考研完型填空选材因素,完型填空都选于比较严肃的话题,而虚拟语气不能适应严肃的场景,故出现得很少。
排第一的是:If only;要想了解这个词,还有only if,only if就是if;但if only却不是only,only if既不是红花也不是绿叶。
If only用英文来解释的话,相当于I wish,相当于要是,只要,要是什么什么多好呀。
If only的用法,它的后面跟从句,从句的时态,如果与过去的情况相反,从句用过去完成时。如果与现在情况相反,从句用一般过去时。如果从句与将来的情况相反,从句用过去将来时,用would/could+动词原形。
If only或者I wish后面跟句子,它后面的句子都是过去时态,这也是是否选此词的依据。如果不是过去时,直接排除!例
its economy continues to recover, 44.[A] Even though [B] Now that [C] If only [D] Provided that 所以不选C A variety of activities should be organized
participants can 新东方完形李玉技笔记
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remain active as long as they want and then go on to
else without feeling guilty and without letting the other participants
.35.[A] if only [B] now that [C] so that [D] even if 所以不选
还有in case,它等于lest,是唯恐,以免,万一。它也是涉及到虚拟语气的词。表条件关系。通常情况下in case后面加句子,但是在这样的情况下加名词,in case of.The resulting discontent may in
lead more youths into criminal behavior.32.[A] case
[B] short
[C] turn [D] essence 因为in case后面不是句子,所以不选它。下面是最后一组绿叶词,几个表关于的词 第二原则:概率原则
研究这么多年,完型填空中a/b/c/d各有多少个。分别是4到6个之间,所以全蒙的话,能得2.5分,四舍五入,就是3分,加红花绿叶,就是4分!
总结:
1、A,B,C,D个数在4到5个之间,5个是主流
2、完型中A最多,B最少,所以蒙的话,最好蒙A,别蒙B 把AS弄懂,选和不选,7比3
3、没有连续三个答案都一样的情况,连续两个都一样的答案是有的,连续两个答案都一样的概率为0到3个,相邻答案彼此都不一样的概率为17个到20个。比如,第6题确定是A,而且第7题我感觉是AC,则选C
4、在连续5个答案中,至少要出现3个不同的字母 4分到7分技巧
一、同义原则
同义原则就是关于同义词辨析的题。同义词辨析是完型填空的重点 新东方完形李玉技笔记
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和难点。
同义词辨析的内容:在四个选项中,有二个或三个实词互为同义词时,答案往往在其中。名词,动词,副词,形容词为实词。当两个或三个虚词互为同义词时,往往都不选。虚词包括介词,连词,主要是介词,连词;代词,感叹词不太考。当四个选项由一个共同的意思时,该意思往往不能入选。
24.[A] if [B] although [C] whereas [D] because BC同义,并为虚词,所以不选B,所以选D __5__ everyone agrees on the numbers of Americans who are homeless.5.[A] generally
大体上,一般而言 [B] almost 几乎
[C] hardly
几乎不
[D] not 不
CD为副词,同义,所以在其中,hardly放句首,要倒装,所以不选。
2.[A]above
[B]unlike
不像(dislike才是不喜欢)
[C]excluding 排除(分词介词化)[D]besides 在什么之外,beside才是在旁边
CD两介词同义,都不选,所以选AB, The human nose is an underrated tool.Humans are often thought to be insensitive smellers compared with animals, __1__ this is largely because, __2__ animals, we stand upright.可见选B 48.[A] search [B] save [C] offer [D] seek AD为动词,同义,在其中,回原文He must either sell some of his property or
extra funds in the form of loans.新东方完形李玉技笔记
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Search for所以不选A 46.[A] broadly广泛的 [B] thoroughly 彻底的[C] generally [D] completely完全的
在BD之间,thoroughly 强调的是细节,completely强调的是整体概念。
they saw in the preceding hundred years from 1650 to 1750, when England was still a
agricultural country, a period of great abundance and prosperity.46.[A] approach 方法[B] flow流,流动 [C] fashion流行,趋势(与小我有关的,个人)[D] trend趋势(与大我有关,政治经济等)
从C看,是名词,所以全是名词,This
“45”
work force is the most important
in American business today, and it is
changing the relationship between people and their jobs.所以选D 42.[A] For [B] Because [C] As [D] Since ABCD都是因为,所以因为这个意思不选,所以虽然B是红花,但不选,D是绿叶,所以不选D,而AS的意思比A多,而更爱选,所以选AS 同义原则
使用过程中的两大问题:一ABCD四个答案不认识,认出哪两个互为同义词,二虽然是同义词,但是区别不是很清楚。新东方完形李玉技笔记
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逻辑关系原则
逻辑关系原则对应的就是逻辑关系题。逻辑关系都是要通过虚词来表明的,所以逻辑关系题就是虚词题。
我们重点学虚词题。
逻辑关系题定义:基本上所有的连词题以及部分介词、副词、动词题是逻辑关系题。逻辑关系题应该较先做,在红花绿叶题完成后即可做逻辑关系题。
例:51页9.[A]when
[B]since
[C]for[D]whereas
10.[A]unusual
[B]particular
[C]unique [D]typical
8.[A]diluted
[B]dissolved [C]determining [D]diffused
6.[A]even if
[B]if only
[C]only if
[D]as if
1.[A]although
[B]as
[C]but
[D]while
2.[A]above
[B]unlike
[C]excluding[D]besides
内容:主要考察五大逻辑关系。第一个也是最重要的一个是对立关系。
排名第二的是因果关系。排名第三的是并列关系。排名第四的是总分关系。排名第五的是递进关系。
例题:49页
27.[A] on
[B] in
[C] for
[D] with The latter may commit crimes
lack of adequate parental control.因果关系,选C 34.[A] contrarily 相反的(对立)[B] consequently [C]similarly 相似的(并列)[D] simultaneously 同时的(并列)
More families consist of one parent households or two working parents;新东方完形李玉技笔记
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, children are likely to have less supervision at home
was common in the traditional family
.因果关系
三、逻辑关系题,优先做的理由:
1、选项都认识;
2、范围确定;
3、往往不需要通读全文,只需阅读前后句就可以;
完型填空题的特征:
1、首段首句不出题;
例题:42页
If a farmer wishes to succeed, he must try to keep a wide gap between his consumption and his production.例题:43页The government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers seeking to buy up people involved in prominent cases
the trial of Rosemary West.逻辑关系题:往往不需要通读全文。
四、具体内容:
1、对立关系,转折、让步都表示对立关系。
例题:49页25.[A] or [B] but rather
[C] but [D] or else 全是否则,要不然,所以不选这个意思,所以选A,或者
让步词汇:although, though ,eventhough(即使),evenif,while,as,much as,让步都翻译成:虽然,尽管,然而。
例题:51页1.[A]although[B]as[C]but[D]while ABC三虚同义,都不选
还有些其它的词汇也表示对立关系。如介词和副词。如against(反对防止),instead(代替)or(然而),instand of(代替)(而不是),rather than(而不是),by contrast(相反或相对比而言的)等词。新东方完形李玉技笔记
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考点:
1、instand of 和rather than的区别。
都能翻译成“而不是”但是前者是介词,后者是连词。instand of后面加名词,动名词,代词的宾格,他的后面不加句子。
rather than是连词,其后面加句子。叫作省略句。相对比的对等成分。就是说其后面的是省略句,可以省略一些成分,但是不能把向对比的对等成分省略掉。
rather than中than是核心词,保留着than的基本用法。例:我喜欢你而不是他喜欢你。I love you rather than he。(love you)我喜欢的是你而不是他。是宾格的对比:I like you rather than i like him.用instead来描述:我喜欢你而不是他。I like you instead of him.这句有两意思,不明确
例题:42页41.[A] other than [B] as well as 相当于and,并列关系 [C] instead of [D] more than
He must store a large quantity of grain
consuming all his grain immediately.42.[A]better than [B] other than
[C] rather than [D] sooner than
of the letter came two days after Lord Irvine caused a 40 of media protest when he said the 41 of privacy controls contained in European legislation would be left to judges 42 to Parliament.AD都是比较级,比较级表递进,不表对立关系,C表对立,从原文可以看出,不是并列就是对立,所以选C
而B是除了的意思,基本用法是一定要和否定词一起用。He is not other than my best friend.意思就是说他谁也不是,除了我最好的朋友以外。他就是我最好的朋友
这个书包里除了一本书以外什么都没有。there is nothing other than a book in the bag.用法太苛刻,所以不爱选,选得少。新东方完形李玉技笔记
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对立关系是重要的考点。上面已经讲了第一个考点,下面我们讲第二个考点。
第二考点:although 与but的区别。这两个选项在同一个句子中不能同时出现。although 是让步,but是转折,我们现在从另外的角度把握它们两个。although 是一个从属连词,but是一个并列连词。所以从属连词就是体现两个句子的地位不一样,一个主句一个从句。有了从属连词,这句子一定要变为从句,依附于主句才能存在。but是并列连词,并列连词就是指两个句子的地位是一样的;而从属连词表现的是两个句子的地位不一样。but是表示转折的并列连词,其前后的句子是一样重要的。并列连词还有一组是because和for。
because和for的区别:because是引导从句的从属连词,而for是并列连词。从属连词和并列连词的区别:
1、它们在一个句子中不能同时出现。
2、从属连词即可以放句首又可以放句中;并列连词往往只能放句中。
3、标点上的区别。从属连词放句中时前面往往不用加逗号,而并列连词放句中时前面逗号可加可不加。
for:for除了当连词以外还可以当介词。判断for能否放句首主要是看它的词性。如果for后面跟的是句子就不能放句首,若后面跟的是名词,则可以放句首。For为连词时不能放句首,但为介词时可以
例:39页
42.[A] For [B] Because
[C] As
[D] Since
industrial giants like General Motors and IBM struggle to survive
reducing the number of employees, Manpower, based in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, is booming.although 与but 的区别:
1、在同一句子中不能同时出现新东方完形李玉技笔记
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2、although 即可以放句首,也可以放句中;而but只能放句中。
3、although 放句中时前面的句号不加,而but放句中时逗号可加可不加。
它们最大的区别就是放句中的区别。although 放句中时前面的句号不加,而but放句中时逗号可加可不加。逻辑关系
对立关系是重要的考点。
例:51页
1.[A]although [B]as [C]but[D]while
Humans are often thought to be insensitive smellers compared with animals, __1__ this is largely because, __2__ animals, we stand upright ABD全是从属连词,所以因为有逗号,所以都不选。
but还可以当介词,副词,这时就可以放句首。although 与but 的区别时,区别从属连词和并列连词区别的时候,需要特别关注逗号的存在。
逻辑关系第三个考点:though的用法: though作副词“然而”讲的时候,在句中作插入状语。而且在前面和后面都加逗号。插入状语都用逗号隔开,可有可无。
例:51页 5.[A]anyway 不管怎么样 [B]though[C]instead[D]therefore 因此
BC副词,同义,在其中,In fact, __5__, we are extremely sensitive to smells, __6__ we do not generally realize it..例:He was ill,i would be on duty instead,区别,instead不能作插入,在句中重要。
总之,though 作副词,放句中前后要加逗号,但是他还可以当连词,其后面加句子,不能用逗号将句子隔开。
第四个考点: while
while的意思:当.......时候,相当于when;它们的区别在于while是表示时间段,而when是表示时间点。新东方完形李玉技笔记
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第二个意思:虽然、尽管,表示让步对立关系。
第三个意思:而、而且,表示并列关系
while的用法:最大的用法就是可以引导省略的状语从句。
条件:
1、从句主语和主句主语相一致;
2、从句是主系表结构。在同时满足以上两个条件之后,省去从句中的主语和系动词。
例:他要去上学,尽管他病了。
可以写成:He would go to schoole while ill.例:39页
48.[A] but
[B] while [C] and [D] whereas
The phenomenon provides a way for companies to remain globally competitive
avoiding market cycles and the growing burdens
by employment rules, healthcare costs and pension plans.无转折,所以不选AD,C的话,要严格并列,要改avoids And作为答案的机会很小
例:54页
12.[A] lodging [B] shelter
[C] dwelling
[D] house 作业:53页14题
14.[A] when [B] once [C] while [D] whereas 在英语中除了while还有其他的词能引导省略状语从句,排在第一位的是when,还有although ,它们使用的条件都一样,与上述的条件是一样的。
逻辑关系原则第五个考点: 判断对立关系的方法:
1、根据意思来判断
2、根据词的情感色彩来判断(情感色彩包括褒义词,贬义词,中性词三种)例:42页43.[A] for [B] against
[C] of [D] towards He must use this surplus in three ways: as seed for sowing, as an insurance
the unpredictable effects of bad weather and as a commodity which he must sell in order to
old agricultural implements and obtain chemical fertilizers to
the soil.新东方完形李玉技笔记
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表对立
例:45页40.[A] above [B] upon [C] against [D] with
“Benefits” have been weighed
“harmful” outcomes.And generalizations have proved difficult.Benefits
利益、好处harmful
坏处、害处
例:49页26.[A] considering [B] ignoring [C] highlighting [D] discarding
Most theories of juvenile delinquency have focused on children from disadvantaged families,the fact that children from wealthy homes also commit crimes.3、根据句式结构判断对立关系。
not题的特征:
1、他考查的是一个肯定句与一个否定句之间的逻辑关系,出题的位置往往是在两个句子之间或第二个句子开头,不应出在一个句子的中间或末尾。
2、选项中必须要有表示对立关系的词。
例:47页
In these activities, it is important to remember that young teens have
atten?tion spans.A variety of activities should be organized
participants can remain active as long as they want and then go on to
else without feeling guilty and without letting the other participants
.This does not mean that adults must accept irresponsibility.38
they can help students acquire a sense of commitment by
for roles that are within their
and their attention spans and by having clearly stated rules 38.[A] on the contrary
[B] on the average
[C] on the whole 新东方完形李玉技笔记
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[D] on the other hand 前否后肯,对立,选A 例:57页10.[A] normal [B] common [C] mean [D] total This group generally do well in IQ test, 9 12-15 points above the 10 value of 100, and have contributed 11 to the intellectual and cultural life of the West, as the 12 of their elites, including several world-renowned scientists, 13.例:51页
In fact, __5__, we are extremely sensitive to smells, __6__ we do not generally realize it.6.[A]even if [B]if only [C]only if
[D]as if
例:51页
Strangely, some people find that they can smell one type of flower but not another, __9__ others are sensitive to the smells of both flowers.9.[A]when
[B]since [C]for[D]whereas
B绿叶,BC为连词,同义,不选
例:59页These workers must be trained, 8 many nations do not have the necessary training institutions.8.[A] since
[B] so
[C] and
[D] yet 例:49页Theories 21 on the individual suggest that children engage in criminal behavior they were not sufficiently penalized for previous misdeeds or that they have learned criminal behavior through 23 with others.22.[A] before
[B] unless [C] until [D] because 因果关系 新东方完形李玉技笔记
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我们需要分清楚哪些词后面跟原因,哪些词后面跟结果.跟原因的词基本上都翻译为因为,有because,in that ,since,now that ,as for,considery, in response to(对...做出反应。)。
还有些词的后面跟的结果:so that,except that.......例:38页46.[A]in that [B]so that [C]such that
[D]except that
They are different
their elements are arranged differently, and each vitamin
one or more specific functions in the body.例:53页1.[A]Indeed [B]Likewise [C]Therefore
[D] Furthermore
The homeless make up a growing percentage of America’s population.__1__ homelessness has reached such proportions that local government can’t possibly __2__.并列关系
表达并列关系的词:and,as well as,while(而且),or(或者),mean while(同时),similaly(类似、相似)ikewise(同样的)simultaneous(同时的,同时发生的)..........and 题
例:47页And they also need to give serious
to how they can best
such changes.and题的做题方法:
1、and前后选同义词
例:47页
23.[A] care
[B] nutrition
[C] exercise
[D] leisure
And they also need to give serious
to how they can best
such changes.Growing bodies need movement and
.例:59页
7.[A] keep
[B] maintain [C] retain [D] protect 新东方完形李玉技笔记
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It provides fewer jobs than labor-intensive industrial processes, and highly
workers are needed to
and repair the equipment.例:41页42.[A] alive 活跃的 [B] vivid [C] mobile移动的 [D] diverse
Companies
low accident rates plan their safety programs, work hard to organize them, and continue working to keep them
and active.2、and前后选同一个范围的词;
例:47页
25.[A] assistance [B] guidance [C] confidence自信 [D] tolerance容忍
26.[A] claimed 主张, 需要[B] admired [C] ignored [D] surpassed 超过
Growing bodies need movement and 23.but not just in ways that emphasize competition.24 they are adjusting to their new bodies and a whole host of new intellectual and emotional challenges, teenagers are especially self-conscious and need the 25 that comes from achieving success and knowing that their accomplishments are 26 by others.3、句子对应成分分析法;
37.[A] off [B] down [C] out [D] alone
A variety of activities should be organized
participants can remain active as long as they want and then go on to
else without feeling guilty and without letting the other participants
.let alone 不用去管,更不用说 let off 泄露
let down 失望、失落、沮丧
let out 淘汰 总分关系新东方完形李玉技笔记
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考点:for example;for instance作插入状语。标点符号放句中前后加逗号。例:43页
31.[A] as to 关于,至于
[B] for instance 例如
[C] in particular
in particular 彻底,尤其,表递进关系而不是总分关系
[D] such as
The government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers seeking to buy up people involved in prominent cases
the trial of Rosemary West.prominent cases
重大案子
例:47页28.[A] in effect
[B] as a result
[C] for example
[D] in a sense
However, the typical teenage lifestyle is already filled with so much competition that it would be
to plan activities in which there are more winners than losers,28
,publishing newsletters with many student-written book reviews,student artwork, and sponsoring book discussion clubs.总分关系 publishing newsletters 出版了一些小册子 递进关系
递进关系有:still.....moreover(而且、此外);further more(进一步讲);indeed(确实、的确);
递进关系的几个考点:
1、递进是并列的一种;
2、still和aslo 的区别:still仅指同一件事情的递进,aslo即可以指一件也可以指两件事情的递进;
3、further more 和indeed的区别:further more 仅指同一件事情的递进,而indeed是在肯定前一个事情的基础之上,引出另外一件事。
目前为止的做题步骤: 新东方完形李玉技笔记
浩浩打造,来自北京石油化工学院
1、红花绿叶;
2、逻辑关系题;
3、not题;
4、and题;
5、as题;
6、同义原则;
7、概率原则;
at length=at last 最终,最后 on average 它的平均一定要有数字 be immune to 对...具有免疫力 be sensitive to 敏感
be resistant to
抗......,耐....be
subject to 易遭到,易受到
第三原则:复现原则
复现原则基本概念:当某一个概念在文章中重复出现二次或二次以上时,它们的提法应该是一致的,也就是说相对应的成分彼此互为答案。例:49页29.[A]affect
[B]reduce
[C] check
[D] reflect
Changes in the social structure may indirectly
juvenile crime rates.This lack of parental supervision is thought to be an influence on juvenile crime rates
例:53页
10.[A] assist
[B] track
[C] sustain
[D] dismiss 新东方完形李玉技笔记
浩浩打造,来自北京石油化工学院
Finding ways to __10__ this growing homeless population has become increasingly difficult.To help homeless people __3__ independence, the federal government must support job training programs, __4__ the minimum wage, and fund more low-cost housing.例:51页19.[A]availabe [B]reliable [C]identifiable
[D]suitable
14.[A]ineffective [B]incompetent [C]inefficient [D]insufficient The brain finds it best to keep smell receptors __19__ for unfamiliar and emergency signals __20__ the smell of smoke, which might indicate the danger of fire.The explanation for insensitivity to smell seems to be that brain finds it __14__ to keep all smell receptors working all the time but can __15__ new receptors if necessary.例:42页
47.[A] self-confident
[B] self-sufficient
[C] self-satisfied
[D] self-restrained
If no surplus is available, a farmer cannot be
.He must either sell some of his property or
extra funds in the form of loans.He can continue to support himself and his family
he produces a surplus.
第四篇:高考完形之一
高考完形填空专题训练
1.(陕西卷)
In a land far away, once upon a time there was great poverty(贫困),and only the rich could The first could not stand seeing the poverty, he took all the gold and jewels from his wagons(四轮载重马车)and shared out among the villagers.He wished them all the best of luck, and he left.all histo them.He made sure thatfor some time.Then, he left.withoutthe that they themselves had been there to offer help.However, three days later, they thethird rich man ,who was coming in the opposite direction.He wastravelling quickly, but his wagons,the gold and valuables they had been,were now full of farming tools and bags of.He was rushing back to help them out of poverty.26.A.lossB.expectationsC.successD.problems 27.A.standingB.travellingC.gatheringD.running 28.A.farawayB.poorC.differentD.ancient 29.A.unlessB.becauseC.soD.if 30.A.themB.anythingC.nothingD.those 31.A.curiousB.worryingC.dangerousD.puzzling 32.A.the villagersB.his servantsC.the othersD.the rest 33.A.couldB.mightC.shouldD.must 34.A.interestB.concernC.useD.attraction 35.A.returnedB.gainedC.offeredD.received 36.A.remainB.lastC.supplyD.share 37.A.turned backB.set outC.showed offD.speeded 38.A.villageB.landC.fieldD.road 39.A.whetherB.howC.whereD.when
40.A.goodB.certainC.trueD.strange 41.A.welcomedB.metC.acceptedD.persuaded 42.A.stillB.alreadyC.alwaysD.indeed 43.A.exceptB.instead ofC.apart fromD.along with 44.A.loadingB.treasuringC.carryingD.earning45.A.foodB.jewelsC.moneyD.seeds
2.(全国II)
There are times when people are so tired that they fall asleep almost anywhere.We can see(打鼾)(尴尬)the head pushes the,nothing will stop them from falling asleep--no matter where they are.21.A.wayB.trackC.pathD.road 22.A.buyingB.foldingC.deliveringD.reading 23.A.actsB.showsC.appearsD.sounds 24.A.openB.eatC.findD.finish 25.A.lyingB.waitingC.talkingD.sitting 26.A.NextB.EveryC.AnotherD.One 27.A.goes onB.ends upC.lastsD.returns 28.A.bravelyB.happilyC.loudlyD.carelessly 29.A.leaveB.shakeC.keepD.watch 30.A.sizeB.shapeC.weightD.strength 31.A.cushionB.deskC.shoulderD.book
32.A.actionB.positionC.restD.side 33.A.memoryB.reasonC.questionD.purpose 34.A.thinkingB.workingC.walkingD.driving 35.A.changesB.eventsC.ideasD.accidents 36.A.upB.offC.alongD.down 37.A.luckyB.awakeC.calmD.strong 38.A.in timeB.at firstC.as usualD.for example 39.A.dustB.waterC.grassD.bush 40.A.tiredB.drunkC.lonelyD.lazy
3.(辽宁卷)
Tony, had never forgiven me for the dictionary I had bought him as a birthday present last year.Hishad no reason to be thankful to me either, because the year before, I had their dear son with a pot of paste(浆糊)and some funny pictures.Instead ofthem into a book, Tony had naturally covered every wall in the house with them.This year, , I decided to let him for himself.We went into a big shop, but Tony was very particular about.Although I tried to show him toy after toy, he was not to be.Then I saw he suddenly became discovered something he really liked;a large tin drum.I was quite happy too Tony’s mother would say when she saw it, Nobody would get any away Tony asked for permission to go off and I made the most of my chance to sit down andand got up to look for him.I asked a young lady if she had seen a little boy in a grey suit.She lookedin grey suits.I was just going to call the police for help, when I saw a strange wearing a false beard and had a caveman’s axe(斧子)in one hand, and a space gun in the other.It was, of course, Tony, who informed meto fly into space.36.A.cousinB.daughter
C.grandsonD.nephew
D.brothers
39.A.enteringB.dividingC.stickingD.drawing 40.A.anyhowB.thoughC.againD.therefore 41.A.guessB.chooseC.pay
D.see
42.A.sweetsB.toysC.clothesD.books 43.A.pleasedB.disturbed C.acceptedD.disappointed 44.A.surprisedB.hopefulC.patientD.excited 45.A.afterB.untilC.unlessD.since 46.A.shock
B.troubleC.peace
D.time
D.quickly
47.A.happilyB.eagerlyC.cautiously48.A.on his own
B.in his way C.now and thenD.more or less
49.A.dragB.restC.layD.step 50.A.ashamedB.angry51.A.aboutB.to
C.worriedD.doubtful
D.across
C.at
52.A.young ladies B.new customers C.loving parents D.small boys 53.A.figure
B.actorC.man
D.doll
D.once again
54.A.on timeB.at onceC.just now55.A.policeman
4.(湖北卷)
B.spacemanC.cavemanD.postman
The young woman entered the pool where an injured dolphin(海豚)was swimming.Despite her fear, she felt strong wearing her new leg.In her second grade.Maja her cousin, Jasmina.After Jasmina’s death.Maja swore she would honor the little girl by with a dolphin, an animal that both girls got the chance to do it,‖ says Maja, now 32, ―so Ithat someday I’d do it for her.‖
In high school, Maja wasabout sports.she even planned to become an athlete.,in 1993, during the civil war in her home country, a bombher left leg.After tow years’ in the U.S., Maja received her first artificial(人造的)leg.Butit didn’t fit well, walking for Maja was painful she managed to graduate from a local highschool.Then after receiving afrom Saint Francis University, she got a job at an insurance firm and37.A.friendsB.parentsC.classmates38.A.presented
B.annoyedC.confusedD.occupied
To relax.Maja often watch the dolphins play at an aquarium(水族馆)near
her home.A young dolphin.Winter, who had lost its tail, caught herOne day, Maja happened to see trainersWinter with a high-tech tail.When they were done, Winter swam freely in the
water.Maja was She managed to find the inventors of Winter’s tail.Within ten days, she had a new leg which freed her thethat had troubled her for almost 16 years..She went to the aquarium.Lowered herself into thepool and held out a hand to Winter, who approached, then swum away.After a few minutes, the dollop hint let Majaits back Finally.the began to swim around the together.31.A.lostB.visitedC.rescuedD.left 32.A.talkingB.livingC.swimmingD.surfing 33.A.adoredB.adoptedC.possessedD.premised 34.A.pretendedB.decidedC.perfectedD.agreed35.A.positiveB.atheisticC.particularD.curious 36.A.UndoubtedlyB.SurprisinglyC.StrangelyD.Unfortunately 37.A.took awayB.took everC.cut downD.cut out 38.A.studyB.potationC.treatmentD.experiment 39.A.untilB.becauseC.althoughD.it 40.A.OtherwiseB.ThereforeC.BesidesD.However 41.A.scholarshipsB.degreeC.prizeD.notice 42.A.graduallyB.actuallyC.eventuallyD.niter 43.A.mightB.shouldC.couldD.hand 44.A.eyeB.legC.noseD.hand 45.A.celebratingB.gruelingC.markingD.firm46.A.inspiredB.passedC.shockedD.amused47.A.worryB.sadnessC.painD.fear 48.A.appointmentB.promiseC.recordD.halt 49.A.blindlyB.angrilyC.gratefullyD.cautiously50.A.strikeB.coverC.touchD.wipe
5.(四川卷)
I truly feel that my mother led me here, to Morzaine, and to my future as a happy wife and was working for a wedding, a pearl necklace Mum had left me.I was distraught(忧心如焚的).Some days later, I was23that a guy who was working with us that day.―could probably have made a the necklace he found.‖he returned it.Hearing how I’dMum for six months before her death, he said, ―Christmas is going to be why not go out to the Alps for a couple of weeks?‖
权宜之计)trip turned into a new life.I kept travelling between London moved here full time.A month later, I met Paul, who was traveling here.We fell in love.In the beginning , I didn’t money from the sale of Mom’s house, to build our own ___We want to give our guests a feel, so each room is themed(以……为题)around memories from our lives.There are also styles to remind me of Mum----a tiny chair which __ there’s no way we would be here if it wasn’t for the _on us.21.A.diedB.cameC.returnedD.visited 22.A.burnedB.disappearedC.brokeD.dropped23.A.shownB.comfortedC.persuadedD.told 24.A.hidingB.stealingC.sellingD.wearing 25.A.LucklyB.NaturallyC.SurelyD.Hopefully 26.A.nursedB.curedC.missedD.guarded 27.A.longB.hardC.merryD.free 28.A.suddenlyB.finallyC.nearlyD.immediately 29.A.saidB.provedC.supposedD.judged 30.A.smarterB.higherC.firmerD.lighter 31.A.honouredB.hiredC.regardedD.trained
32.A.travelB.businessC.childrenD.marriage 33.A.recentlyB.onceC.stillD.firstly 34.A.leftB.pushedC.surprisedD.interrupted 35.A.hotelB.restaurantC.homeD.shop 36.A.homelyB.livelyC.motherlyD.friendly 37.A.ought toB.used toC.mightD.could 38.A.takesB.keepsC.looksD.feels 37.A.successfulB.helpfulC.tiringD.surprising 38.A.shookB.putC.bentD.kept 39.A.difficultB.boringC.importantD.easy 40.A.eyesB.mindC.heartD.legs 41.A.nicelyB.exactlyC.curiouslyD.carelessly 42.A.realizedB.remindedC.learntD.dreamt 43.A.decisionB.fortuneC.businessD.plan 39.A.unlessB.whileC.becauseD.though 44.A.cooking40.A.moneyB.chairC.houseD.necklace 45.A.just
46.A.selfish6.(江西卷)
47.A.everything What a busy day!The three boys were fed, bathed and changed into their nightclothes.Mary 48.A.triedhad them a story and finally they were asleep.―Babysitting(照看)the three boys aged eight, 49.A.Panic
50.A.frozen―Sleep,‖ she considered, ―if only I could!‖ But she had difficult homework to complete.51.A.because52.A.smokeway to make money obviously hadn’t met the three boys, she thought.The television was on, the 53.A.cheerfulroom was warm , and the lights were dim.Mary’sfelt heavier and heavier.I mustn’t sleep, 54.A.busy55.A.promisedStrangely enough, she soonthat she was a world-famous chef(主厨).She made aand wore diamonds and designer clothes.Most days she relaxed by the pool, asking the rich and
–.―I am definitely the best in the world.‖ she thought, as she she cut her finger.Despite all the troubles, she to get the chicken into the stove.Soon, smoke She got shocked and confused – she was met by three , so we tried to make some bread.‖ explained a boy.Relieved, Mary made them a snack and sent them back to bed.She
36.A.givenB.writtenC.toldD.taught
第 4 页4共 4 页
B.readingB.everB.proudB.something B.arrangedB.PainB.draggedB.untilB.lightB.strangeB.hungryB.allowedC.learningD.babysitting C.evenD.only C.stubbornD.sensitive C.anythingD.nothingC.managedD.preparedC.NoiseD.Stress C.pushedD.broughtC.asD.unlessC.waterD.fireC.guiltyD.confidentC.worriedD.asleepC.expectedD.persuaded
第五篇:初中英语完型填空
知己知彼定能百战百胜---完形填空之终极解决方案
提纲导读:
一、本质---从雾里看花到拨云见日
二、应战---从知己知彼到百战百胜
三、了解---我们的弱点
四、战略战术-----直击方法和技巧
五、实战---解题“五步曲”
六、终极目标---解决方案
一、本质---从雾里看花到拨云见日
完形填空也有人戏称为障碍性阅读,我觉得有道理。打个比方,就象是刘翔的110米栏一样,需要跨越障碍物才能到达终点。它是在一篇语意完整的短文中有目的地制造一些空格(障碍物),造成信息链(语义)的中断,让考生在理解短文的基础上,综合运用所学知识和常识,对每个题的备选项作出合理的分析、判断,选出最佳答案,将空格处缺失的信息补充完整,使重新构建的文章主旨鲜明,逻辑严密,文意通畅。
二、应战---从知己知彼到百战百胜
“知己知彼方能百战百胜”,这是兵家之道。考场如战场,如果我们想要在没有硝烟的考场上战胜完形填空这种被公认为最难的题型,就必须知道它到底在考察我们哪些方面的知识和能力。如果我们具备了这些知识和能力,还会担心不能象刘翔那样跨越所有障碍栏,自信、漂亮地冲到终点吗?
完形填空是一种测试学生语言水平和实际运用语言能力的综合性题型,它要求学生掌握词汇知识(包括词的基本用法、固定短语、习惯用语、同义词/近义词/形似词的区分等)、语法知识、背景知识和生活常识等。考查学生的语言知识灵活运用能力、阅读理解能力以及对语篇的逻辑推理、分析、判断、归纳概括等能力,特别强调对语篇及上下文的理解和应用。它综合了现行的单选题和阅读理解题,用一个公式可以表达为:完形=单选+阅读,所以想不成为最难的题型都不行。俗话说,“养兵千日,用兵一时”,那么,我们在平时应该怎么训练才能具备这些能力呢?具体做法我会在最后的“解决方案”中介绍给大家。
三、了解---我们的弱点
在认清“敌人”的“凶险”后来看一下我们总是在哪些地方摔跟头,上了“敌人”的当?
有些考生虽然英语基础不错,但完形填空题的得分却不尽如人意。他们的问题概括起来主要有以下几方面:
1.断章取义,就题论题,对上下文的信息提示词“视而不见”。2.不善于抓文章的主旨大意,在对整篇文章的推理、判断,理解上出现偏差,甚至与文章中心相悖。3.受到母语思维的影响和定势思维的干扰,对文意分析不透,忽视特定语境中英语知识的运用。
4.只停留在对文章表层含义的理解,忽略了其深层寓意。5.缺乏自信,甚至对完形填空有恐惧、厌倦心理。
四、战略战术-----直击方法和技巧
知道了自己的弱点,就要力求扬长避短,采用正确的方法和技巧来克服弱点,攻克完形。针对以上弱点,绝招如下: 绝招一:细读首末句把握文章方向 绝招二:上下文找信息提示词
绝招三:重视英汉两种语言差异,培养英语语感;认真分析特定语境,尽量摆脱定势思维的影响
绝招四:找出主题句以抓住文章主旨,挖掘文章深意、寓意
绝招五:充满自信,勇敢挑战“史上”最难的题型,最好让自己喜欢上这种挑战。技巧之-----“寻找复现”
在寻找信息提示词的时候一定要注意一种现象,那就是词汇的“复现”,即词汇的重复出现。一般说来,词汇的“复现”在语篇中是不可避免的,它包括:原词复现、同义词/近义词复现、反义词、同源词复现等。很多时候它就是提示点或暗示点的所在.如长沙市2009中考完形填空第39题,Because of this smart __39__,they can use their phones to talk and send short messages in the rain.文章前面有一句话,An American named Alan Kaufman and his company spent 6 years inventing a hand-free umbrella.答案就是invent的同源词invention。有时甚至答案是“复现”的结果。如长沙市2009中考完形填空第32题,But it’s not easy to hold an umbrella if there is heavy rain and __32___ wind.而在文章的另一段就出现了„even in the strong wind.答案就是strong.五、实战---解题“五步曲”
了解完一些必要的方法和技巧后,让我们来理清一下思路。假如现在一篇完形填空摆在你面前,你将如何开始?下面给大家介绍我认为比较科学的五个步骤: 1.细读首末句:透过首末句来预测文章的中心内容,把准方向。因为一般来说,文章的首句和尾句是不带空格的完整句子,而且大多是全文的主题句、关键句,往往是了解文章全貌的“窗口”,对抓住文章主旨有重要提示作用。2.跳读全文:快速跳过空格,扫读全文,领略大意
3.看完一段做一段:边做边推测下文内容,在上下文中找信息提示 4.推敲难题:简单的都解决后,对拿不准的题千万不要凭感觉。如果一旦跟着感觉走了,就说明你离正确答案越来越远了。其实,再难的题,也能在上下文中找到提示或暗示点。难就难在这个提示或暗示点比简单的题目更隐密和更难以发现,但这并不代表没有,只是需要多费点功夫寻找,不然怎么能叫“推敲”呢?所以,在没有找到信息提示或暗示点时,一定不能放弃,被“感觉”牵着鼻子走,否则,很容易就会被“牵”到错误答案上去了。
5.带入验证:在所有的选项都基本敲定后,一定要带人文章通读验证,保证语法正确,逻辑清晰,文意流畅,只有这样才能算是大功告成了。
六、终极目标---解决方案
针对完形填空考察的知识和能力,我提出一些战胜完形的解决方案与大家分享。1.扩大词汇量。认识的单词越多,在完形中遇到的生词障碍就越少。尤其注意平时有目的有计划地积累同义词、近义词等。在做任何一篇完形填空时,都不要选出答案就不管了,最好用一个专门的本把文章中出现的生词和重要的短语都积累下来,千万不能让它们溜走。这样日积月累下来可是一笔不小的财富。2.熟练掌握初中阶段要求的所有语法项目,对一些重要的语法知识及时加以概括和总结,只有这样才谈得上在考试时灵活运用。
3.完形填空考察的一项重要能力就是阅读理解能力,所以在平时的训练中一定要多阅读。在这里给大家提供两种形式的阅读。第一种:以答题为目的的短文阅读,针对性较强,包括完形填空和阅读理解的短文。第二种:兴趣阅读,就是大量地阅读自己感兴趣且与自己阅读水平匹配的英文报纸、杂志或是英文小说。兴趣阅读的好处是能在潜移默化的情况下增强英文的语感并能提高阅读能力。坚持的时间越长,能力提高越快。
4.在第一点中我提到了扩大词汇量,这是真理,不过即便我们的词汇量再大也不能保证在阅读中不会遇到生词。英文单词浩如烟海,没有人能认识所有单词。即使你认识某个单词,也可能不了解它的所有含义。在完形填空中经常会有一个你很熟悉的单词,但考察你的却是一个你意想不到的陌生含义,这就是我们常听说的“熟词生义”。所以我们必须具备一种能力----一种根据上下文猜测生词的能力,猜测某个单词在特定语境中的意思。这种能力只有在平时的阅读中刻意训练才能形成,大家在做完形或是阅读的时候最好能养成猜测推断词义的习惯,等到习惯转换为能力时你就对生词没有恐惧感了。
5.在平时的阅读中注意逻辑思维的训练,多观察和积累一些表示逻辑关系的过渡性词语或句子,如表递进关系的in addition, furthermore,besides等,表因果关系的 therefore, thus, as a result等。这对理顺逻辑关系,进行综合分析、判断和概括能力的提高都是一种促进。
6.运用有效的解题方法和技巧,进行长期有计划有针对性地完形专项训练,根据自己的时间安排,如每天一篇或三天两篇等,但要注意对做错的题目一定要进行错因分析,并记录下来,反复琢磨,以避免类似错误再次发生。练习的材料可以是各省市历年中考真题中的完形,如《2009新课标全国中考试题精选天利38套》(西藏人民出版社)和《完形填空周计划》(光明日报出版社)等。如能长期坚持,相信一定能和完形填空“化敌为友”,在考试中拿满分。