英语的7种时态总结（本站推荐）

第一篇：英语的7种时态总结（本站推荐）

英语的7种时态总结 一、一般现在时

概念：经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。

时间状语：

always, usually, often, sometimes, every week(day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays, etc.基本结构：①be动词;②行为动词

否定形式：①am/is/are+not;②此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词，则在其前加don't,如主语为第三人称单数，则用doesn't，同时还原行为动词。

一般疑问句：①把be动词放于句首;②用助动词do提问，如主语为第三人称单数，则用does，同时，还原行为动词。二、一般过去时

概念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。

时间状语：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month…), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.基本结构：①be动词;②行为动词

否定形式：①was/were+not;②在行为动词前加didn't，同时还原行为动词。

一般疑问句：①was或were放于句首;②用助动词do的过去式did 提问，同时还原行为动词。

三、现在进行时

概念：表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。

时间状语：now, at this time, these days, etc.基本结构：am/is/are+doing

否定形式：am/is/are+not+doing.一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首。

四、过去进行时

概念：表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。

时间状语：at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。

基本结构：was/were+doing

否定形式：was/were + not + doing.一般疑问句：把was或were放于句首。

五 现在完成时

概念：过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态

时间状语：recently, lately, since…for…,in the past few years, etc.基本结构：have/has + done 否定形式：have/has + not +d one 一般疑问句：have或has

六、过去完成时

概念：以过去某个时间为标准，在此以前发生的动作或行为，或在过去某动作之前完成的行为，即“过去的过去”。

时间状语：before, by the end of last year(term, month…),etc.基本结构：had + done.否定形式：had + not + done.一般疑问句：had放于句首。七、一般将来时

概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。

时间状语：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, in a few minutes, by…,the day after tomorrow, etc.基本结构：①am/is/are/going to + do;②will/shall + do.否定形式：①was/were + not;②在行为动词前加didn't，同时还原行为动词。

一般疑问句：①be放于句首;②will/shall提到句首。

第二篇：时态总结

时态总结

一、过去将来时

1、Their new teacher has arrived,but they_____that he ______until this morning.A didn’t know;was comingB didn’t know;had come

C don’t know;would comeD don’t know;will come2、---Don’t you feel surprised to see Bruce at the meeting?

-------Yes, I really didn’t think he _____here.A has beenB had beenC would beD would have been

二、过去完成时

3、The moment I opened my eyes, I found the day______.It was almost midnight again.A has goneB is goneC would beD had gone----I met Tom last month.-------Really?

----Yes.We_______each other since we graduated from college.A haven’tmetB hadn’t metC wouldn’t meetD didn’t meet 5 He______more than 5000 English words when he entered the university st the age of 15.A has learnedBwould have learnedC learnedD had learned 6----Hurry up!Alice and Sue are waiting for you at the school gate.------Oh I thought they______without me.A wentB are goingC have goneD had goneHis letter was especially welcome as I_______from him for long.A haven’t heardB would not heard C hadn’t heardD didn’t hearWhen I met him the other day, it was the first time we_____each other sice we left school.A sawB had seenC were seeingD has seen-----The enemy spy was found at last.-------Really? Where ______himself?

A had he hidden B did he hide C has he hiddenD was he hidden

三、将来完成时-----Could you meet me at the station?

-------I’d like to , but I _______Shanghai when you return.A will have leftB was leavingC will leaveD have leftBy the time Jane gets home, her aunt______for London to attend a meeting.A will leaveB leavesC will have leftD left-----I’m sorry, but the boss isn’t here yet.Shall I have her call you when she comes back?

------No, I’ll call her back.If I call again in half an hour, do you thind she______

A arrivesB has arrivedC will arriveD will have arrived------May I speak to your manager Mr Black at 5 o’clock tonight? I’m sorry ,Mr Black_____to a conference long before before then.A will have goneB had goneC would have gone D has gone

四、现在完成进行时-----Waiter, what about my food? I______for over 30minutes.-------Oh, sorry sir.Just one more minute please.A have waitedB was waitingC have been waiting----You don’t have to play that record so loud, do you?

------I’m sorry, ____you?

A Have it been bothering B Did it botherCWill it botherD Had it bothered 16 It seems water______from this tap for some time.We’ll have to take it apart to put it right.A had leaked B is leaking C leaked D has been leaking

17The little boy is dirty from head to foot because he ______in the mud all morning.A has playedB is playingC has been playingD was playing

五、过去完成进行时I______for 3 hours when I suddenly became sick.A had been workingB would work C have worked D am workingThey ______on the program for almost one week before I joined them, and now we______it as no good results have come so far.A had been working;are still working

B had worked;were still working

C have been working;have worked

D have worked;are still working

六、过去进行时----What’s the matter, Jane? You look sad.-----Oh, nothing much.As a matter of fact, I________of my friends back home.A was just thinkingB just thought

C have just been thinkingD have just thoughs

21----Sorry to have interrupted you.Please go on.-----Where was I?

----You _______you didn’t like your father’s job.A were saying B had said C said D had been saying

22----What’s our homework for today,Peter?

------Oh, sorry,I_______

A hadn’t concentratedB wouldn’t concentrate

C haven’t been concentrating D wasn’t concentrating

23-----John,Why did you make no reply to me When I called your name in the street just now?

------Sorry, Jim ,I______to my wife on the phone.A was talking B talked C am talkingD has talked

24-----What’s wrong with your coat?

------Just now when I wanted to get off the bus, the man next to me ______on it.A satB had satC had been sittingD was sitting

25-----Will you please repeat your idea?

----Certainly.But I think it certain you ______your attention.A don’t payB didn’t payC weren’t payingUnfortunately, when I dropped in, DoctorLi_______for Beijing to join the fight againstSARS, so we only had time for a few words.A just leftB has just left C is just leaving Dwas just leaving----What did the professor ask us to do just now?

-----Sorry,I _____about my trip to the Wolf Hill at the weekend.A had thoughtB was thinkingC thoughtD thinkShe_____a blouse by herself yesterday, but I am not sure whether it is ready.A madeB had made C was makingD would make

第三篇：初中英语时态总结

初中英语时态总结一、一般现在时

1.概念：经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。

2.时间状语： Always, usually, often, sometimes, every week(day, year, month…), once a week(day, year, month…), on Sundays，3.基本结构：动词 原形（如主语为第三人称单数，动词上要改为第三人称单数形式）

4.否定形式：主语+am/is/are +not+其他;此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词，则在其前加don't, 如主语为第三人称单数，则用doesn't，同时还原行为动词。

5.一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首；用助动词do提问，如主语为第三人称单数，则用does，同时，还原行为动词。

6.例句：.It seldom snows here.He is always ready to help others.Action speaks louder than words..二、一般过去时

1.概念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。

2.时间状语：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week, last(year, night, month…), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.3.基本结构：be动词；行为动词的过去式

4.否定形式：主语+was/were +not+其他;在行为动词前加didn't，同时还原行为动词。

5.一般疑问句：was或were放于句首；用助动词do的过去式did 提问，同时还原行为动词。

6.例句：She often came to help us in those days.I didn't know you were so busy.三、现在进行时

1.概念：表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。

2.时间状语：Now, at this time, days, etc.look.listen

3.基本结构：主语+be +doing +其他

4.否定形式：主语+be +not +doing+其他

5.一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首。

6.例句： How are you feeling today?

He is doing well in his lessons.四、过去进行时

1.概念：表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。

2.时间状语：at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。

3.基本结构 主语+was/were +doing +其他

4.否定形式：主语+was/were + not +doing+其他

5.一般疑问句：把was或were放于句首。(第一个字母大写）

6.例句：At that time she was working in a PLA unit.When he came in, I was reading a newspaper.五、现在完成时

1.概念：过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。

2.时间状语：yet,already,just,never,ever,so far,by now,since+时间点，for+时间段，recently, lately, in the past few years, etc.3.基本结构：主语+have/has +p.p（过去分词）+其他

4.否定形式：主语+have/has + not +p.p（过去分词）+其他

5.一般疑问句：have或has。

6.例句：I've written an article.The countryside has changed a lot in the past few years.六、过去完成时

1.概念：以过去某个时间为标准，在此以前发生的动作或行为，或在过去某动作之前完成的行为，即“过去的过去”。

2.时间状语：Before, by the end of last year(term, month…), etc.3.基本结构：主语+had + p.p（过去分词）+其他

4.否定形式：主语+had + not +p.p（过去分词）+其他

5.一般疑问句：had放于句首。

6.例句：As soon as we got to the station, the train had left.By the end of last month.We had reviewed four books

基本结构：主语+had+p.p（过去分词）+其他

①肯定句：主语+ had+p.p（过去分词）+其他

②否定句：主语+ had+ not+p.p（过去分词）+其他

③一般疑问句：Had+主语+p.p（过去分词）+其他

④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句七、一般将来时

1.概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。

2.时间状语：Tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, in a few minutes, by…,the day after tomorrow, etc.3.基本结构：主语+am/is/are +going to + do+其他；主语+will/shall + do+其他

4.否定形式：主语+am/is/are not going to do ；主语+will/shall not do+其他

5.一般疑问句：be放于句首；will/shall提到句首。

6.例句：They are going to have a competition with us in studies.It is going to rain.八、过去将来时

1.概念：立足于过去某一时刻，从过去看将来，常用于宾语从句中。

2.时间状语：The next day(morning, year…),the following month(week…),etc.3.基本结构：主语+was/were +going to + do+其他；主语+would/should + do+其他

4.否定形式：主语+was/were/not + going to + do;主语+would/should + not + do.5.一般疑问句：was或were放于句首；would/should 提到句首。

6.例句：He said he would go to Beijing the next day.I asked who was going there.九、将来完成时

1.概念：在将来某一时刻之前开始的动作或状态

2.时间状语：by the time of;by the end of+时间短语（将来）;by the time+从句（将来）

3.基本结构：主语+be going to/will/shall + have+p.p（过去分词）+其他

4例句:By the time you get back, great changes will have taken place in this area.十、现在完成进行时

1.概念：表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在的动作。这一动作可能刚刚开始，也可能仍在继续，并可能延续到将来。

2.基本结构：主语+have/has +been +doing+其他

3.时间状语：since+时间点，for+时间段等。

4.例子：I have been sitting here for an hour.The children have been watching TV since six o'clock.

十一、一般过去时与现在完成时的转换

在现在完成时中，延续性动词能与表示一段时间的状语连用，瞬间动词却不能。但是，可用别的表达方式：①瞬间动词用于“一段时间 + ago”的一般过去时的句型中；②瞬间动词可改成与之相对应的延续性动词及短语，与一段时间连用；③瞬间动词用于“It is + 一段时间 + since + 一般过去时”的句型中，表示“自从……以来有……时间”的意思，主句一般用it is来代替It has been;④瞬间动词用于“Some time has passed since + 一般过去时”的句型中。请看：

A.He joined the League two years ago.B.He has been in the League for two years.C.It is two years since he joined the League.D.Two years has passed since he joined the League.

十二、一般现在时与现在进行时的转换

在一般现在时中，at加上名词表示“处于某种状态”，如at work（在工作）, at school（上学、上课）等。此短语可与进行时态转换。请看：

Peter is at work, but Mike is at play.Peter is working, but Mike is playing.十三、现在进行时与一般将来时的转换

在现在进行时态中go, come, leave, start, arrive等动词常与表示将来的时间状语连用表示将要发生的动作。如：I am coming, Mum!意为“我就来，妈妈！”请看：

The train is leaving soon.The train will leave soon.名词复数的不规则变化

1）child---children foot---feet tooth---teeth

mouse---mice man---men woman---women

注意：与 man 和 woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是-men 和-women。

如： an Englishman，two Englishmen.但German不是合成词，故复数形式为Germans；Bowman是姓，其复数是the Bowmans。

2）单复同形 如：

deer，sheep，fish，Chinese，Japanese

li，jin，yuan，two li，three mu，four jin

但除人民币元、角、分外，美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。如:

a dollar, two dollars;a meter, two meters

3）集体名词，以单数形式出现，但实为复数。

如： people.police.cattle 等本身就是复数，不能说 a people，a police，a cattle，但可以说

a person，a policeman，a head of cattle,the English，the British，the French，the Chinese，the Japanese，the Swiss 等名词，表示国民总称时，作复数用。

如： The Chinese are industries and brave.中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。

4）以s结尾，仍为单数的名词，如：

a.maths，politics，physics等学科名词，为不可数名词，是单数。

b.news 是不可数名词。

c.the United States，the United Nations 应视为单数。

The United Nations was organized in 1945.联合国是1945年组建起来的。

d.以复数形式出现的书名，剧名，报纸，杂志名，也可视为单数。

“The Arabian Nights” is a very interesting story-book.<<一千零一夜>>是一本非常有趣的故事书。

5)表示由两部分构成的东西，如：glasses(眼镜)trousers, clothes

若表达具体数目，要借助数量词 pair(对，双);suit(套);a pair of glasses;two pairs of trousers

6）另外还有一些名词，其复数形式有时可表示特别意思，如：goods货物，waters水域，fishes（各种）鱼

第四篇：英语时态总结

一、一般现在时

1.概念：经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。

2.时间状语： Always, usually, often, sometimes, every week(day, year, month…), once a week(day, year, month…),on Sundays,3.基本结构：动词 原形（如主语为第三人称单数，动词上要改为第三人称单数形式）

4.否定形式：主语+am/is/are +not+其他;此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词，则在其前加don't, 如主语为第三人称单数，则用doesn't，同时还原行为动词。

5.一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首；用助动词do提问，如主语为第三人称单数，则用does，同时，还原行为动词。

6.例句：.It seldom snows here.He is always ready to help others.Action speaks louder than words..[编辑本段]

二、一般过去时

1.概念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。

2.时间状语：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week, last(year, night, month…), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.3.基本结构：be动词；行为动词 的过去式

4.否定形式：主语+was/were +not+其他;在行为动词前加didn't，同时还原行为动词。

5.一般疑问句：was或were放于句首；用助动词do的过去式did 提问，同时还原行为动词。

6.例句：She often came to help us in those days.I didn't know you were so busy.[编辑本段]

三、现在进行时

1.概念：表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。

2.时间状语：Now, at this time, days, etc.look.listen

3.基本结构：主语+be +doing +其他

4.否定形式：主语+be +not +doing+其他

5.一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首。

6.例句： How are you feeling today?

He is doing well in his lessons.[编辑本段]

四、过去进行时

1.概念：表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。

2.时间状语：at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。

3.基本结构 主语+was/were +doing +其他

4.否定形式：主语+was/were + not +doing+其他

5.一般疑问句：把was或were放于句首。(第一个字母大写）

6.例句：At that time she was working in a PLA unit.When he came in, I was reading a newspaper.[编辑本段]

五、现在完成时

1.概念：过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。

2.时间状语：yet,already,just,never,ever,so far,by now,since+时间点，for+时间段，recently, lately, in the past few years, etc.3.基本结构：主语+have/has +p.p（过去分词）+其他

4.否定形式：主语+have/has + not +p.p（过去分词）+其他

5.一般疑问句：have或has。

6.例句：I've written an article.The countryside has changed a lot in the past few years.[编辑本段]

六、过去完成时

1.概念：以过去某个时间为标准，在此以前发生的动作或行为，或在过去某动作之前完成的行为，即“过去的过去”。

2.时间状语：Before, by the end of last year(term, month…), etc.3.基本结构：主语+had + p.p（过去分词）+其他

4.否定形式：主语+had + not +p.p（过去分词）+其他

5.一般疑问句：had放于句首。

6.例句：As soon as we got to the station, the train had left.By the end of last month.We had reviewed four books

基本结构：主语+had+p.p（过去分词）+其他

①肯定句：主语+ had+p.p（过去分词）+其他

②否定句：主语+ had+ not+p.p（过去分词）+其他

③一般疑问句：Had+主语+p.p（过去分词）+其他

④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句

[编辑本段]

七、一般将来时

1.概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。

2.时间状语：Tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, in a few minutes, by…,the day after tomorrow, etc.3.基本结构：主语+am/is/are +going to + do+其他；主语+will/shall + do+其他

4.否定形式：主语+am/is/are not going to do ；主语+will/shall not do+其他

5.一般疑问句：be放于句首；will/shall提到句首。

6.例句：They are going to have a competition with us in studies.It is going to rain.[编辑本段]

八、过去将来时

1.概念：立足于过去某一时刻，从过去看将来，常用于宾语从句中。

2.时间状语：The next day(morning, year…),the following

month(week…),etc.3.基本结构：主语+was/were +going to + do+其他；主语+would/should + do+其他

4.否定形式：主语+was/were/not + going to + do;主语+would/should + not + do.5.一般疑问句：was或were放于句首；would/should 提到句首。

6.例句：He said he would go to Beijing the next day.I asked who was going there.[编辑本段]

九、将来完成时

1.概念：在将来某一时刻之前开始的动作或状态

2.时间状语：by the time of;by the end of+时间短语（将来）;by the time+从句（将来）

3.基本结构：主语+be going to/will/shall + have+p.p（过去分词）+其他4例句:By the time you get back, great changes will have taken place in this area.[编辑本段]

十、现在完成进行时

1.概念：表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在的动作。这一动作可能刚刚开始，也可能仍在继续，并可能延续到将来。

2.基本结构：主语+have/has +been +doing+其他

3.时间状语：since+时间点，for+时间段等。

4.例子：I have been sitting here for an hour.The children have been watching TV since six o'clock.[编辑本段]

十一、一般过去时与现在完成时的转换

在现在完成时中，延续性动词能与表示一段时间的状语连用，瞬间动词却不能。但是，可用别的表达方式：①瞬间动词用于“一段时间 + ago”的一般过去时的句型中；②瞬间动词可改成与之相对应的延续性动词及短语，与一段时间连用；③瞬间动词用于“It is + 一段时间 + since + 一般过去时”的句型中，表示“自从……以来有……时间”的意思，主句一般用it is来代替It has been;④瞬间动词用于“Some time has passed since + 一般过去时”的句型中。请看：

A.He joined the League two years ago.B.He has been in the League for two years.C.It is two years since he joined the League.D.Two years has passed since he joined the League.[编辑本段]

十二、一般现在时与现在进行时的转换

在一般现在时中，at加上名词表示“处于某种状态”，如at work（在工作）, at school（上学、上课）等。此短语可与进行时态转换。请看：

Peter is at work, but Mike is at play.Peter is working, but Mike is playing.[编辑本段]

十三、现在进行时与一般将来时的转换

在现在进行时态中go, come, leave, start, arrive等动词常与表示将来的时间状语连用表示将要发生的动作。如：I am coming, Mum!意为“我就来，妈妈！”请看：

The train is leaving soon.The train will leave soon.

第五篇：高中英语时态总结

英语动词的时态

时态和时间是两个不同的概念。时间是一种客观存在的形式，它不依赖于任何一种特定的语言，为所有的文化共有。时态是一种语言的手段，依语言的不同而有所区别，它是属于动词的语法范畴。英语动词时态是以动词形式变化来表示句子中谈到的动作、状态的时间关系和说话的时间。因此我们可以看到时态和时间两者间虽然有关系，但不可以混淆。

The plane leaves tomorrow morning.飞机明晨起飞。

此句中的时态为一般现在时，但是它所表示的时间却为将来（明晨）

英语动词的常用时态总共有十六种：

一般现在时 现在进行时 一般过去时 过去进行时

一般将来时 将来进行时 现在完成时 过去完成时

将来完成时 现在完成进行时 过去完成进行时

1． 一般现在时

一般现在时的形式

是以动词的原形表示的，当主语为第三人称单数时，做谓语的动词原形后要加上词尾-s or –es, 其构成方式列表如下：

情况 构成 例词

一般情况 词尾加-s Reads, writes

以ch,sh,s,x,o结尾的词 词尾加-es Teaches,washes,guesses, fixes, goes 以辅音字母+Y 结尾的词 变Y为I，再加-es Tries, carries

但是，动词to be 和to have 的一般现在时的形式特殊如下：

一般动词的词形变化 To be 的词形变化 To have 的词形变化

I know it I am a student I have a pen.You know it.You are a student You have a pen

He(she)knows it.He(she)is a student.He(she)has a pen.We(you,they)know it.We(you,they)are students.We(you,they)have pens.一般现在时的功用

1.表示一直发生的事情，经常发生的动作：

Nurses look after patients in hospitals.Excuse me, do you speak English? I get up at 8 o’clock every morning.It often rains in summer in Beijing.2.表示客观事实或者真理：

Birds fly.The earth goes around the sun.3.谈论时间表、旅程表等，如：

What time does the film begin?

The football match starts at 8 o’clock.Tomorrow is Thursday.4.谈论籍贯、国籍等，如：

Where do you come from?

I come from China.你是哪国人？我是中国人。

Where do you come from?

I come from Guangzhou.你是哪里人？我是广州人。

5.询问或者引用书籍、通知或新近接到的信笺内容，如：

What does that notice say?

What does Ann say in her letter?

She says she’s coming to Beijing next week.Shakespears says, ―Neither a borrower or a lender be.‖ 莎士比亚说：―既不要向人借钱，也不要借钱给别人。‖

一般过去时

一般过去时是表示在说话时间以前发生的动作或者状态的动词时态，它是英语时态体系中最重要的时态之一。

1)一般过去时规则动词的构成形式：

规则动词在其原形后面加-ed: to work-worked

以字母e结尾的规则动词，只加-d: to love---loved

对所有人称均无词形变化。

否定式均由did not + 动词原形构成

I / you / he / she / they / we did not work.疑问式均由 did + 主语 + 动词原形 构成拼写注意：

情况 变化 例词

动词为单音节，以一个元音字母和一个辅音字母结尾 辅音字母双写，再加-ed Stop-stoppedAdmit—admitted

以y结尾的动词，在y 前为辅音字母时 Y 变为 I ,加 – ed Carry –carriedHurry –hurried

以y 结尾的动词，在y 前为元音字母时 加—ed Obey—obeyedEnjoy---enjoyed

在英语当中有一部分动词的过去式变化形式是不规则的，这类动词被称为不规则动词。总数大概不过200多个，但是使用频率很高。主要分成三类：

1》 第一类不规则动词的三种形式同形，如：

cost cost cost cut cut cut hurt hurt hurt shut shut shut set set set

注意，有些动词的过去式与过去分词有两中形式，如：

bet bet / betted bet / betted

wed wed / wedded wed / wedded wet wet / wetted wet / wetted

2》 第二类不规则动词的过去式和过去分词同形，如：

bend bent bent

bring brought brought catch caught caught hide hid hid / hidden get got got/ gotten(AmE)lead led led

3》 第三类不规则动词的原形、过去式和过去分词都不相同，如：

原形 过去式 过去分词

begin began begun break broke broken forbid forbade forbidden grow grew grown ring rang rung

wake woke / waked woken / waked

此外还有少数不规则动词的过去分词与原形相同，如：

come came come

become became become run ran run

一般过去时的功用

1）表示一个没指明具体时间的过去的行动，如：

He worked in that bank for four years.(没说明起始时间，但是现在不在那里工作了)。

They once saw Deng Xiaopin.Did you ever hear BackStreet Boy sing? 2)表示在过去特定的时间结束的行动，如：

When did you meet him? I met him yesterday.When we lived in Phoenix, we studied at Arizona State University.Where have you been? I’ve been to the opera.Did you enjoy it?

3)表示过去的习惯

He always carried an umbrella.They never drank wine.现在完成时的形式

现在完成时由to have 的现在时+过去分词构成：

肯定式 否定式 疑问式 否定疑问式

I have worked I have not worked Have I worked? Have I not worked? You have worked You havenot worked Have you worked? Have you not worked?

He(she)has worked.He(she)has not worked.Has he(she)worked? Has he(she)not worked?

We(you / they)have worked.We(you / they)have not worked.Have we(you / they)worked? Have we(you / they)not worked?

紧缩形式

现在完成时的功用

现在完成时可以说成是兼有现在与过去意义的一种复合时态。它与现在有密切联系，如：

------Oh,dear, I’ve forgotten her name.和现在的联系就是 I don’t remember her name now.------Fort has gone to Canada.和现在的联系就是 He is not here.He is in Canada now.1)表示延续到现在的动作（有时是总计做了多少次等）。

How many times have you been to the United States? She really loves that film.She has seen it eight times.Tom has lived in Now York all his life.2)表示开始与过去而在说话时刻结束的行动，如： I haven’t seen you for ages.我好久没见到你了。（说话时刻已经见到了）

This room hasn’t been cleaned for months.(也许从说话开始时刻就要打扫它了)

3)表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响，如：

The window has broken.4)和最高级连用，表示到现在为止是最……的

What a boring film!It’s the most boring film I’ve ever seen.Is it a thick book?------Yes, it is the thickest book I’ve ever read.5)和句型 This is the first time…, It’s the first time 连用，如：

This is the first time he has driven a car.(相当于 he has never driven a car before.)

Is this the first time you’ve been in hospital?

Professor Johnson has lost his passport again.It’s the second time he has lost it.6)和ever, never, yet, just, already 等副词连用，如：

Have you ever eaten French cheese? We have never had a private car.Has it stopped raining yet?(yet 表示期待雨停止)

Would you like something to eat? No, thanks.I’ve just had lunch.Don’t forget to mail the letter, will you?

I’ve already mailed it.(already 表示比预料的要快)

7）与since 连用，since 表示与某一时刻或从句连用，表示―从那一刻到说话时为止‖，它总是与完成时连用，如：

She has been here since 6 o’clock.He hasn’t been himself since the accident.（那次事故后，他从未完全康复）

Since I was a child I have lived in England.一般过去时与现在完成时的比较

1）过去时仅仅表示过去，现在完成时还表示与现在的关系，如：

He has lost his key.He lost his key.2)与现在无关的或者过去很久的历史事件不能用现在完成时

The Chinese invented printing.Shakespear wrote Hamlet.3)如果说明动作有特定的过去时间，就不能用现在完成时，如：

Did you see the film on television last night? Tom lost his key yesterday.询问某事发生的具体时间或者地点时（when , what time, where）, when , what time, where）, 用一般过去时，如：

What time did they arrive?

When and where were you born?

比较：

Have you see Ann this moring?(说话时仍为上午)Did you see Ann this morning?(说话时为下午)

Jack has lived in London for six years.还在伦敦住

Jack lived in London for six years.先不住伦敦了

I have never played golf in my life.I didn’t play golf when I was on holiday last summer.现在进行时

现在进行时是由助动词to be 的现在时 + 现在分词构成：

肯定式 否定式 疑问式

I am working.You are working.He(she)is working.We(you,they)are working.I am not working.You are not working.He(she)is not working.We(you,they)are not working.Am I working?Are you working?Is he(she)working?Are we(you,they)working?

现在分词的构成，是在动词原形上加—ing, 但是应该注意：

情况 变化 例词

动词以单个e 结尾 去掉e, 加 ing Love _lovingArgue _ arguing 动词以 —ee结尾 直接加 ing Agree_ agreeingSee _ seeing

动词为单音节：以单一元音字母 + 单一辅音字母结尾 辅音字母双写，再加 ing Hit _ hittingRun _runningStop _ stopping

动词为双音节或者多音节：最后一个音节为重读音节，以单一元音字母 + 单一辅音字母结尾 辅音字母双写，再加 ing Be’gin be’ginningAd’mit ad’mitting 以 y 结尾的动词 直接加 ing Carry carryingEnjoy enjoying

现在进行时的功用

1）表示说话时正在发生或者进行的动作

Please don’t make so much noise, I’m studying.Let’s get out.It isn’t raining any more.2)表示在现在相对较长一段时间内正在进行的动作，但是说话一刻不一定在做的动作

Have you heard about Tom? He is building his own house.David is teaching English and learning Chinese in Beijing.这些动作，在说话时并不一定在发生或进行，而是在包括说话的一刹那在内的一段时间内发生、进行的。

3）表示最近的确定的安排

Ann is coming tomorrow.Oh, is she? What time is she arriving? At 10:15.Are you meeting her at the station? I can’t.I’m working tomorrow morning.以上句子也可以用be going to(do)的形式来表示。但是谈论已确定的安排时候，用现在进行时态显得更加自然，除非受到动词的功能的限制。在此，切不可用will, 如：

Alex is getting married next month.不能用 will get married.4)和always 连用表示某种情绪，可能是厌烦也可能是赞扬，如：

Tom is always going away for weekends.My husband is always doing homework.有些动词是表示一种状态而不是动作，一般不用于进行时。例如，我们一般不说 I am knowing, 而说 I know.常见的这类动词有：

want like hate know see hear believe understand seem

think(相信)suppose remember need love realize mean forget prefer have（拥有）belong

To understand is to accept.理解就是接受

Do you like Beijing?

Do you see the rainbow? I remember him very well.I think I understand what he wants.一般现在时和现在进行时的比较

一般现在时表示的是一般、重复的动作或者事情

现在进行时表示说话时或说话前后正在发生的动作或事情，如：

Tom plays tennis every Sunday.Where’s Tom?-------He is playing tennis.What do you do? 你是干什么工作的？

What are you doing here? 你在这里干什么？

一般现在时是表示经久的情况，而现在进行时表示的是暂时的，如：

My parents live in Shanghai.They have been there for 50 years.She’s living with some friends until she can find an apartment.过去进行时

过去进行时的构成形式为：

I / he /she was

We / they / you were + 动词的现在分词

过去进行时的功用

1）表示在过去某个时间后者某段时间正在进行的动作，如：

When I rang him up, he was having dinner.This time last year I was living in Shanghai.What were you doing at 10 o’clock last night?

2)过去进行时和一般过去时连用，表示在一个动作发生的过程中，发生了另一个动作，如：

It was raining when I got up.I fell asleep when I was watching television.3)过去一般时所说明的动作是已经完成的，而过去进行时不表示正在进行的动作一定会完成，如：

Tom was cooking the dinner.Tom cooked the dinner.现在完成进行时

其构成形式如下：

I / we / they have

He / she / it has been + 动词的现在分词

功用如下：

1）表示一个在过去开始而在最近刚刚结束的行动，如：

Ann is very tired.She has been working hard.Why are you clothes so dirty? What have you been doing?

2)表示一个从过去开始但仍在进行的行动，如：

It has been raining for two hours.(现在还在下)Jack hasn’t been feeling very well recently.3)表示一个从过去开始延续到现在，可以包括现在在内的一个阶段内，重复发生的行动，如：

She has been playing tennis since she was eight.4)现在完成时强调动作行为的结果、影响，而现在完成进行时只强调动作行为本身，如：

Tom’s hands are very dirty.He has been repairing the car.The car is going again now.Tom has repaired it.