第一篇:改错120句
英汉表达障碍120句
1.这场考试让我知道自己的英语有多差。The exam made me know how poor my English was.2.他们的日子过得红红火火。Their life is as happy as red fire.3.宁德地区第二医院 The Second Hospital of Ningde District 4.他经常花几个小时在那家快乐酒吧喝酒聊天。He often spent hours drinking and chatting in the gay bar.5.我把那整本书看了一遍。I’ve read through the whole book.6.老张老爱发火。Lao Zhang always likes to lose temper.7.盐在热水中很容易溶化。Salt is easy to melt in hot water.8.他的行为跟他的职位不符。His behavior does not suit his position.9.我知道自己的英语还很不够。I know my English is far from enough.10.我有健康,他有财富。I have a good health and he has great wealth.11.当地人有些怪习俗。The local people have strange habits.12.他们为食堂种菜。They plant vegetables for the canteen.13.周末没有座位。There were no seats at the weekends.14.山区农民希望学文化。Mountain villagers hope to learn culture.15.那个醉汉的讲话很有趣。The drunken man’s words were very interesting.16.他家有三个病人。There are three patients in his family.17.我早上7点吃早餐。I had my breakfast at 7 a.m.18.我喜欢高雅艺术。I like noble art.19.他的鼻子很高。He has a high nose.20.李先生上个月生了一个男孩。Mr.Li bore a son last month.(Or: Mr.Li gave birth to a son last month.)21.这是一块恐龙化石。This is a dinosaur fossil.22.我爸爸是个工人。My father is a worker.23.科尔顿结婚了,有三个孩子。Colton has married and he has three children now.24.有些年轻人喜欢留长发。Some young people like to keep long hair.25.我喜欢喝浓茶和奶油咖啡。I prefer thick tea and coffee with butter.26.我经常翻各种词典。I often read various dictionaries.27.他正在发高烧。He is having a high fever.28.一只猫从大树背后跳出来。A cat leapt out from the back of the tree.29.这个东西英语如何说?How do you call this in English? 30.先喝点蘑菇汤吧。Let’s drink some mushroom soup first.31.他们经常在蓝天下唱歌。They often sing in the blue heaven.32.他们有一个孩子,但却有三座房子。They have a child but three houses.33.他们在沉思。They are in deep thought.34.我22岁大学毕业。I graduated from university at 22 years old.35.这是约翰先生。This is Mr.John.36.她是个醋劲十足的女人。She is a woman full of vinegar.37.昨晚生日晚会上你穿生日礼服了吗?Were you in your birthday suit at the birthday party last night? 38.我是福建师大毕业的。I am a graduate from Fujian Normal University.39.今年秋天我们的学院就要升格为大学了。This autumn our college will transform into a university.40.你知道考试结果了吗?Do you know the result of the examination? 41.那时,我没地方可去。I had no place to go then.42.让我们随着乐曲跳舞吧。Let’s dance with the music.43.他是独眼。He is one-eyed.44.吸烟对我们的健康有害。Smoking is bad to our health.45.我不怕冷。I’m not afraid of coldness.(Or: I don’t fear coldness.)
46.那座教堂的大门向所有人开放。The gate of that church is open to all the people.47.请大家坐好,上课了。Please sit well.Class begins.48.很抱歉就此止笔,再次谢谢您对我的鼓励。I’m sorry to stop here.Thank you again for your encouragement.49.我以最便宜的价格买下房子。I bought the house at the cheapest price.50.他昨天有个好心情。He had a good mood yesterday.51.我闻了闻蛋糕,并没有吃。I smelled the cake, but didn’t eat it.52.他自杀过两次,但还活着。He committed suicide twice but is still alive.53.他经常穿一件厚厚的棉衣。He often wears a thick padded coat.54.过去十年他一直住在这儿。He has been living here in the past 10 years.55.在中国,《人民日报》读者最多。People’s Daily has the most readers in China.56.你姐姐上午全身都穿红色的。Your sister was all over in the red this morning.57.太阳每天早晨从东方升起。The sun rises from the east every morning.58.他的钱比我多。His money is more than mine.59.陈老师,您说得对。Mr.Chen, what you say is right.60.这简直是儿戏。This is simply a child’s play.61.在董事会上他大发雷霆。On the board of directors, he broke into a furious rage.62.这个房间比那个房间更大、更明亮。This room is bigger and lighter than that one.63.他的话令人发指。His words made my hair stand on end.64.你的英语水平比我高。Your English level is higher than mine.65.他昨天成为了一名正式党员。He became a formal member of the CPC yesterday.66.她正在照镜子。She is looking at the mirror.67.他拼命敲门。He knocked the door violently.68.我被要求为来访者开一次公开课。I was asked to conduct an opening lesson for the visitors.69.她是计算机系的老师。She is a teacher of Department of Computer.70.我的职业是律师。My profession is a lawyer.71.萨达姆以铁腕统治他的国家。Saddam Hussein used to rule his country with an iron wrist.72.让我们为埃文的健康干杯。Let’s drink for Evan’s health.73.他经常拆东墙补西墙。He always tears down the east wall to repair the west wall.74.我的经济状况正在改善。My economic situation is changing for the better.75.城乡人民的生活水平继续提高。Living standards for the people in both urban and rural areas continued to rise.76.他是个所谓的“医生”。He is a so-called “doctor”.77.这台先进设备系从国外进口。This sophisticated equipment is imported from abroad.78.小林想报名参加比赛。Xiao Lin wanted to sign her name for the contest.79.他断然拒绝接受我的提议。He rejected to accept my proposal flatly.80.他开枪打死妻子,然后饮弹自尽。He shot his wife to death and then shot to kill himself.81.我将期待着您给我的节日问候。I will look forward to the holiday greetings from you.82.刘先生从事研究工作。Mr.Liu is engaged in research work.83.因故停用。Stop Using because of some reason.84.现在是几点?What time is it now? 85.这种钢材价钱相对更便宜些。This kind of steel is relatively cheaper.86.我晚上常常很晚睡觉。I always sleep late at night.87.护士量了我的体温。The nurse measured my temperature.88.请勿乱扔果皮纸屑。Please don’t throw peels and scraps of paper.89.要扩大词汇量,就应该多读多记。To enlarge our vocabulary, we must read more and remember more.90.他去年成的家。He started a family last year.91.那是从收音机里听到的。That was heard from the radio.92.你身上带钱了吗?Do you carry any money with you? 93.我们在树荫下乘凉。We relaxed under the shadow of a tree.94.我将考考你的判断力。I’ll examine your judgment.95.我们是否能够写出一部小说呢?Whether can we write a novel? 96.从年初以来,我们的经济持续增长。Our economy has increased steadily since the beginning of the year.97.他脚底朝天跌下楼梯。He dropped headlong down the flight of stairs.98.我能感受得到深山中的宁静。I can feel the calmness of the remote mountains.99.希望您能介绍一下您的语言教学经验。I hope you’ll introduce your experience in language teaching.100.你是什么时候认识吴教授的?When did you know Professor Wu? 101.他的文化水平有限。His cultural level is quite limited.102.这座桥的质量不好。The quality of this bridge is poor.103.你知道老刘每个月有多少黑色收入吗?Do you know how large black income Lao Liu receives each month? 104.你被清华大学录取真幸运。It’s lucky of you to be admitted to Qinghua University.105.我看到一个溺水女子在水中挣扎。I saw a drowned woman struggling in the water.106.教师休息室 Teachers’ Restroom 107.近来,我的胃经常有问题。Recently I often had problems with my stomach.108.克林顿先生为那些椰子产品做广告。Mr.Clinton advertised for the coconut products.109.我怒不可遏,打了他一记耳光。I could not contain myself for anger and slapped his ear.110.南海石油蕴藏丰富。The South China Sea has rich oil.111.寒冷的气候影响了庄稼。Cold weather influenced the crops.112.我赞同口头表决。I’m for an oral vote.113.夜晚变得越来越短。The night gets shorter and shorter.114.无论如何,我们必须为人民谋利益。At any event, we must work for the interests of the people.115.他久病的母亲已经恢复健康。His long-sick mother has been healthy.116.在彼得的自传中,他写到他在非洲的冒险。In Peter’s autobiography, he wrote of his adventures in Africa.117.当心触电!Be careful of power!118.两国的关系时好时坏。The relationship between the two countries is sometimes good, sometimes bad.119.他的两个儿子可谓天壤之别:一个是龙,一个是虫。
There’s a world of difference between his two sons: one is like a dragon, while the other a worm.120.听着,彼得,字典上是这么说的。Look here, Peter.It is said by the dictionary.
第二篇:改错口诀
为了提高做短文改错题的能力,除了要加强基础知识的积累、提高语篇的整体理解能力之外,还应该对其错项设置的基本情况有所了解,以便做到目标明确,有的放矢,从而提高解题的正确率。本文拟从语法和逻辑的角度,用口诀的形式,向同学们介绍高考英语短文改错中最常见的几类错误。
短文改错口诀:
动词形,名词数;
注意形和副;
非谓动词细辨别;
习惯用法要记住;
句子成分多分析;
逻辑错误须关注。
一、动词形
主要包括两类错误:动词的时态和语态错误,以及主、谓不一致的错误。例如:
My favourite sport is football.I was member of our school football team.(is)
Now my picture and prize is hanging in the library.(are)
上述两例分别属于时态错误和主、谓不一致错误。找出此类错误的关键是树立牢固的时态概念,注意短文内容发生或存在的时间,保持时间概念的一致性。
二、名词数
指名词单、复数形式的用法错误。常表现为将名词复数写成单数。例如:
„so that I’ll get good marks in all my subject.(subjects)
三、区分形和副
及区分形容词和副词在句子中的作用和具体用法。这也是高考短文改错的常考点。例如:
I’m sure we’ll have a wonderfully time together.(wonderful)
Unfortunate, there are too many people in my family.(Unfortunately)
需要注意的是,形容词多用来做定、表、补语等,而副词只能在句子中作状语,修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。第一例中的wonderful作定语修饰time,第二句的Unfortunately作状语修饰整个句子。
四、非谓动词细辨别
这是考查最多的错误形式之一。主要有分词和动名词类错误,也包括不定式类错误。例如:
„in my spare time, but now I am interesting in football.(interested)
Play football not only makes us grow up tall and strong but also „(playing)
My parents love me„ and will do all they can ∧ make sure„(to)
上述二、三例分别是动名词作主语,和不定式作目的状语。一般的,现在分词有主动态和进行时的含义,而过去分词具有被动态和完成时的含义,不定式有将来时态的含义。
五、习惯用法要记住
主要考查习惯搭配方面的基础知识。这也是历年高考的常考点,其错误表现形式主要有三种:多词、少词和搭配错误。例如:
It was very kind for them to meet me at the railway station and„(of)
We must keep in mind that we play for the team instead ∧ ourselves.(of)
六、句子成分多分析
不同的句子成分要用不同的词类;不同的语景要选择不同的词语。这些都有待我们对句
子结构和句子成分作细致的分析,才能找出用词不当的错误。例如:
They ∧eager to know everything about China and„(were)
I live in Beijing, where is the capital of China.(which)
第一例漏掉了谓语动词were,这是受寒于习惯的影响而导致的错误;第二例则是词类与它在句子中的成分不相符,where是副词,不能作主语。
七、逻辑错误须关注
与句子的上、下文不一致,甚至相矛盾,属于逻辑性错误。如称谓上的张冠李戴,人名、地名、时间、方位等方面的错误,常是这类错误的考查对象。例如:
The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home.(their)
First, let me tell you something more about myself.(去掉more)
„ no way of setting the matter except by selling the set.Now someone at home reads instead.(everyone)
上述第一例中的主语是Smiths(史密斯夫妇俩),因此后面的his不合逻辑。第二例中的more在这儿表“再”的意思,才开始告诉别人,怎么能说“再告诉你一些事”?第三例讲的是为了解决看电视时的争端,“我们”把电视机卖了;晚上没电视看了,所以与从前一样,大家又都读书了,所以该用 everyone。
除了上述错误类型外,常考的错误形式还有:连词but, and, or和so的用法错误(可以归类为逻辑错误),以及冠词的用法错误等。例如:
She was smiling but nodding at me.(and)
It looks as if my parents treat me as a visitor and a guest.(or)
We may be one family and live under a same roof.(the)
下面是2002年全国高考试题中的短文改错题。这道题较全面地反映了本文的口诀。现在请你试着做一做,然后参阅题后的答案与简析。
Last week my parents and I took a two-day trip to Emei
Mountain in Sichuan.As everyone knows,it’s famous 76._____
Mountain with all kinds of plants and animals.The weather 77._____
Was fine.It was about noon we arrived at the foot of 78._____
the mountain,the three of them were very excited.As we 79._____
climbed the mountain,we ed monkeys,visiting temples 80._____
and told stories.On the way up I was busy taking picture 81._____
since the scenery was so beautiful.The time passes quickly.82._____
Evening came down.We spent the night in a hotel at the top 83._____
of the mountain.The food was expensive and the service was 84._____
good.I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my 85._____
head touched the pillow.答案与简析:
76.famous前加上a.(名词数)
77.正确
78.we前面加when,引导一个时间状语从句。(句子成分多分析)
79.them→us(逻辑错误须关注)
80.visiting→visited(非谓动词细辨别)
81.picture→pictures(名词数)
82.passes→passed(动词形)
83.去掉down(习惯用法要记住)
84.and→but(but,and,or和so)
85.去掉at(句子成分多分析 /习惯用法要记住)
改错要想拿高分
语法口诀要记牢
(一)见到谓语找主语,主谓一致找状语
见到名词想多数,可不可数要记牢
见到平行看结构,形式功能要对称
见到代词找指代,指代通常不合理
带宾语必带to,不带宾语不带 to
小小of常抓的点,of前名词adj最高级
比较级不修饰比较级,最高级不修饰最高级
(二)谓与非谓经常混
谓语句中就一个
其余动词非谓语
常见形式有三种
v-ing ,v-ed和to do
主谓通常v-ing
动宾通常v-ed
现在分词表主动
过去分词表被动
目的要用不定式
by前有过去分词相拥
by后有动名词后抱
介词后跟动名词
时态基点要搞清
现在还是过去时
第三篇:短文改错
短文改错
高考英语短文改错题要求考生判断一篇短文中十行(自1995年以来)文字是否有错,如果有错误就将其改正。
此题型旨在测试考生发现、判断并改正短文中错误的能力,以及考查考生准确运用词法、句法、行文逻辑等的综合能力。
本题型侧重考查考生的词汇和语法基础知识,但并不是单纯的知识检测,而是考查考生在阅读的过程中运用语法知识解决实际问题的能力。
纵观近几年高考短文改错,不难发现其设题方式比较固定:正确为1个,多词或缺词共计3个,错词为6个,其比例为1:3:6。
下面引用近几年的高考题来分析一下此题的三种错误类型:多词、缺词和错词。
一、多词
1.多冠词
(l)Suddenly,I caught a sight of my English teacherin the crowd.【解析lsight是不可数名词,且catch sight of是固定搭配,意为“看见”。
(2)For e】cample, when l was a child, the rain was amystery.【解析】,am为不可数名词,泛指时前面不用冠词。
【知识拓宽】
(1)不可数名词表示泛指时不用冠词。
Modern people know more about the health, havebetter food,and„
(2)与by连用的交通工具及air,land,sea等名词前不用冠词。
by bike骑自行车,by sea由海路,乘船
(3)有些名词(如school,class,hospital,church,prison,bed,table,town等)与相应介词连用,表示进行和这些词直接相关的活动时,前不用冠词。
___ _去上学,_______坐牢,_______在吃饭
(4)球类运动、棋类游戏前,不用冠词。
___ _打篮球,_______下棋
(5)mo。t副词作“非常”解时,前面不用定冠词the。
She is most pretty.她非常漂亮。
(6)。或though引导让步状语从句,构成倒装结构,前置的单数名词前不用任何冠词。
Child as he is,he knows a lot.虽然他只是孩子,知道的却很多。
2.多介词
(l)ln fact,they are planning to visit China in next yeaL
(2)We practice for three times every week..(3)So l'm really sorry that l won't be able to come inthis time.【解析】以上三例都是作时间状语的名词短语前多了介词。
(4)„but we do not seem to get much time to talkabout together.【解析】talk about意为“谈到„„”,是及物动词短语,后须接介词宾语,但根据本句语境,此处不必接宾语,故去掉about。
【知识拓宽】
(1)last night, next week, this year, one day,threetimes等名词词组直接充当时间状语,前面不用介词。
(2)有些动词在汉语中是不及物动词,在英语中却是及物动词,由于受汉语影响,可能多一个介词。
serve for the people, follow after the teacher, marrywith her,make him as our monitor,play with Tom in amatch(画线介词多余)
(3)有些表示地点的副词,其意义中已包含to,如果再加to,则多余。
on one's way to there, return to home, go to upstairs(画线介词均多余)
(4)有些副词或介词词组后加另一个介词,构成复合介词,若后面没有介词宾语,介词则多余。同样,有些动词短语是“动词十介词”结构,若后面没有介词宾语,介词则多余。
①If you won’t go,I'll go instead of.(画线介词多余)
②She listened to but heard nothing(画线介词多余)
(5)有些动词或形容词后接名词或代词时,须加一个介词,但接从句时,必须去掉介词。
①l never knew about a ride down a river could be soexciting.(画线介词多余)
②I am sorry for that he won't come(画线介词多余)
3.词义重叠
(1)Whenever I see them l will often think of myEnglish teacher.【解析】在whenever l see them这一时间状语从句后再用often显得重复,应去掉。
(2)1'11 spend all the whole weekend reading andpreparing for it.【解析】the whole weekend意为“整个周末”,再加上all,词义重叠。
【知识拓宽】
(1)有些词受汉语影响,多一副词或介词,造成词义重叠。
return back回来,repeat again重复,flee away逃走,enter into进入,blue color蓝色,stop down停下来,raiseup举起来,unpack open打开
(2)定语从句中的一个名词,已由关系代词取代,再用其替代词是多余的。
I do remember you having apologized to the old lady Imet her last week
(3)单音节的形容词或副词比较等级加-er.-est,多音节加more、most,但二者不能同时重叠使用。
As a result, people in the modern world generally livemuch more longer than people in the past.4.出现冗言现象
(l)Today l visited the Smiths-my first time visit toan American family.【解析】本句中的first修饰visit,visit此处为名词,意为“我的第一次访问”,time多余。
(2)Now I can't watch much television,but„【解析】根据上下文,此处应是“我根本不能看电视”,因此受汉语影响,多了much,造成冗言。
【知识拓宽】
(1)状语从句与主句之间多一并列连词。
①Though he tried his best, but he failed.②The more he has, and the more he wants.(2)充当状语的介词短语与主句之间多一关系代词或关系副词。
①In the last five years that they have climbed churches一②„in other places where you are limited to a certainnumber...(3)充当状语的分词与主句之间多一并列连词。
Sitting down,and he began to work.(4)从属连词后多一个that。
She was absent from the meeting because that she was ilL(5)复合宾语前多一个that。
I found that her lying on the ground.5.固定搭配中多词
(1)I was used to watch it every night.【解析】此处属于used to do与be used to两个固定搭配的误用,应去掉was,取“过去常常”之意。
(2)„in any other words,Iam only a child.【解析lin other words为固定搭配,意为“换句话说”,而any other意为“任何别的„„”,与本文上下文不符。
6.行文逻辑上多词First, let me tell you something more about myself.【解析】由first可知是刚开始向别人讲述自己的故事,故只能说something,而不能加more。
二、缺词
1.名词前缺限定词
(1)Each player must obey^captain, who is theleader of the team.the【解析】此处应加上the,特指“球队的队长”。
(2)The day before the speech contest^Englishteacher talked to me.my【解析】根据上下文分析,此处English teacher是有所指的,指的是“我的”英语老师,故加上my,表达一个更确切的概念。
(3)I'1I take this chance to wish you^ wonderful timeon your birthday.a【解析lwish sb.awonderful time为固定搭配,意为“祝某人玩得愉快”。
【知识拓宽】
(1)在“so+形容词十可数名词单数”结构中,名词前不能缺a或an。
This is so good a book that we will buy it.=This is such a good book that we will buy it.(2)little,few表示肯定时,前面不能缺a,意为“一些”。
如a little water,但是“每隔几分钟”应说成every fewminutesa
(3)有些不可数名词(如metal, beauty, iron, tea,coffee, ice, youth, pleasure, success, failure等),表示“一种”“一个“一份”时,应加上a或an。
Work is a pleasure to me.(4)“the+姓氏复数”表示一家人时,the不能省。
The Browns like to go skating.(5)表示“两者之中比较„„的一个”时,比较级前应加the。
He is the taller of the two boys.(6)在句中可数名词不可单独使用,前面应有限定词,如his,that,Tom's,the,a等。
When we walked to the car, Bill smiled and shook^head.his2.缺动词不定式符号to(1)I'd like very much^come but I have anexamination on Monday morning.to【解析】like后面不能直接加动词,需加to,构成固定搭配“would like to do”,意为“想做„„”。
(2)一.and will do all they can^ make sure that l geta good education to【解析】不定式作目的状语,不定式符号to不可省。
【知识拓宽】
(1)不定式作后置定语,不定式符号to不能省。
But then there are always more mysteriesAlook into:_____to
(2)-般说来,两个实义动词不能并列使用,中间常用to连接。
①7Ihe World Health()rganization and other organizationsare workingAimprove health all over the world_____to
②i had always wantedA retum to the village _____to
(3)feel, hear, let, make,have, see, notice, watch,ob。rv。等动词变成被动结构时,充当主语补足语的不定式不能省去to。
Little Tom was made to do heavy work
(4)为了避免重复前面的动词,后面的不定式常常省略,但要保留不定式符号to。
We wanted to go to the lecture, but we weren't able to
3.缺系动词
(l)neyA eager to Imow everything about China:.'were【解析】eager为形容词,必须加系动词构成系表结构。
(2)What^ your favourite sport?IS【解析】本句缺谓语动词,应加is。
(3)I'd like to^ your pen-friend, and.be/become【解析】本句考查I'd like to do结构,根据上下文,必须加上系动词。
【知识拓宽】
(1)由于受汉语语法规则的影响,有些形容词作表语时,常常缺少系动词。
She is afraid of her boss.(2)在被动结构中,由于缺少助动词,变成了主动语态,造成错误。
„and let you know when the book you want has^returned and is ready for you to pick up.been4.缺介词(l)We must keep in mind that we play for the teaminstead^ ourselves._____ of【解析linstead of为固定短语,意为“而非,而不是”,后接宾语。
(2)„but the others spent a lotA time arguing_____of【解析la lot of是固定习语,意为“许多,大量”,后加宾语。
【知识拓宽】
改错题对介词的考查,重点是一些固定搭配,再如:
WhenI have free timeI go^along walk..for,因此,同学们在学习和复习中应牢记一些固定搭配。
5.缺连词In one class,l learned^ it rained.why【解析】本句因缺连词而造成句子成分残缺,只有加上why,句子的意义才完整。
【知识拓宽】
(1)在汉语中,分句与分句之间往往不用连词,但在英语中却不行。
It began to rain,^ they had to stop working.and
(2)受母语影响,几个同类词并列连用时,它们之间往往缺一连词。
CDi told Mother, Father, Sister,^ all my friends herewhat a great time I had.and②He looked inside but saw nothing.(3)that引导的主语从句置于句首时,that常常不能省。
That light travels in straight line is known to all.(4)引导同位语从句的连词that,when等常不可省。
(DThe doctors came to the conclusion that the patientwas suffering from cancer.②i have no idea when he will return(5)在even if,even though,as if'as though等短语中,第二个连词不能少。
He walks as if/though he were drunk
三、错词
1.可数名词单复数误用
(l)They were eager to know everything about Chinaand asked me lots of question
(2)We study quite a few subject, such as maths,Chinese, English and physics.(3)We practise three times every week and oftenwatch football match on TV together.(4)She said that she and my schoolmate' all.wishedme success,.(5)„so that l'11 get good marks in all my subject.___
(6)„and many happy return of the day_____
(7)I used to love science class-all of them-biology,chemistry, geography, physics.【知识拓宽】
对名词单复数的考查是高考的热点之一,几乎每年考查一处。因此,为了对名词错误判断准确,应该:
(1)弄清名词是可数名词还是不可数名词。
We stopped to rest for a while and to drink somewaters from a stream water
(2)掌握好可数名词复数的变化规则。
There are branch library in many villages libraries
(3)要熟练运用名词的所有格。
2.时态误用
(l)We havea good tinte talking and laughing together.had
(2)I learn about you from my English teacher, MissFang.learned
(3)I was a member of our school football team am
(4)I arn happy with any programme but the othersspent a lot of time...was
(5)I remembered her words and calm down calmed
(6)They did not want me to do any w,ork at home do【知识拓宽】
动词时态是短文改错考查的热点之一,一般说来每年考查一处,而且近几年高考主要考查现在时与过去时的使用,再如:I had an examination on Monday moming.have
3.非谓语动词误用
(l)It was very kind of them to meet me.at the railwaystation and drove meto their home drive
(2)I look forward to hear from you soon hearing
(3)Play football not only makes us grow up...Playing
(4)I was often alittle tired after a day's work andwatch TV demands very little effort.watching【知识拓宽】
(1)由以上考例可见,v.-mg形式作主语、宾语或状语是考查的热点。
CDi'ii spend the whole weekend reading and preparefor it.preparing②After learn the basics of the subject, nothing elseseemed very practical to me.learning
(2)过去分词与现在分词的区别是另一考查热点。此时重点要看分词与主语或逻辑主语的关系。
①After an hour or so, we began to feel veryfrightening.frightened②„but now l am interesting in football.interested(3)被动语态中的过去分词误用成动词原形。
Books may be keep for four weeks.kept(4)掌握好动词不定式带to与不带to的差异。
(5)有些动词后接不定式,有些动词后接动名词,应分别牢记这些动词。
4.主谓不一致
(1)Playing football not only makes us grow up talland strong but alsoglve us a sense of fair play and teamspirit.gives
(2)Now my picture and the prize is hanging in thelibrary.are【知识拓宽】
(1)谓语动词的单复数一般取决于前面主语的单复数。
Anyone may borrow books, and it cost nothing toborrow them.costs
(2)not only;一but also, neither.—nor.一,either.or..-等并列连词连接两个主语时,谓语动词的单复数应采取就近一致原则。
(3)There be结构中,谓语动词也应采取就近一致原则。
But then there is always more mysteries to look into.are
(4)注意把集合名词(如family,class,team等)和不定代词(如all,none等)放在具体语境中,判断其谓语动词的单复数。
5.代词不一致
(l)The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home.their
(2)And they must not break the rules too often if wewant to win the game.we(3)Now someone at home reads instead.everyone/everybody【知识拓宽】
(1)根据上下文判断,出现了代词不一致。
①1 felt that it helped me understand how the worldworks.they②They have been to Europe many timesWe
(2)倾向于考查学生对不定代词、形容词性物主代词、名词性物主代词以及代词的主格与宾格等诸方面知识的掌握与运用能力。
And I can’t forget the good food you cooked forl me
(3)人称代词性别上的误用也是常见的错误形式之一。
6.连词误用
(l)~esaid that she and my schoolmates all wished mesuccass,but it didn’t matter thatI would win or notwhether【解析】it为形式主语,whether l would win or not是真正的主语,意为“我是否能赢”。
(2)lt looks as if my parents treat me as a visitor andaguest.or【解析】句意为:看起来我的父母亲把我当成了“visitor”或“guest”。二者为选择关系而非并列关系,故将and改为or。
(3)It is a very important exam butI can't afford tofail it.and/so【解析】此处应是并列或因果关系,而非转折关系。
【知识拓宽】
(1)正确掌握各连词的含义及其在从句中的应用。
①„because I felt that they helped me understandwhat the world works.how②Most people can quickly get help from a doctor orgo to a hospital sir ce they areill when/if
(2)熟练应用表示并列、选择、转折、因果等关系的连词:and, or, but, so, therefore, however等.①She was smiling but nodding at me.and②Therefore, there are still some countries wherepeople have shorter lives.However
(3)弄清whether和if的含义及用法区别。
„and whether you pay the cost of sending apostcard,the librarian will write to you.if
7.关系代词与关系副词误用
I live inBeijing,where is the capital of China.which【解析】此处是非限制性定语从句,关系代词which作主语。
【知识拓宽】
(1)正确区分关系代词之间的区别,尤其是that和which的区别。
„in other places you are limited to.a certainnumber, of that some may be novels.which
(2)正确区分关系代词与关系副词的区别,并掌握它们的用法。
However,there are still some countries there peoplehave shorter lives.where
8.词性误用
(1)Also the sport teaches us the important ofobedience.importance【解析】本句应该用名词importance作动词teach的直接宾语。
(2)Unfortunate, there are too many people in myfamily.Unfortunately【解析】此处应该用副词unfortunately作状语,意为“不幸的是”。
(3)After learning the basics of the subject,nothingelse seemed very practically to me.practical【解析】。eem为系动词,后面应接形容词作表语。
【知识拓宽】
词性误用指的是动词与名词混淆,副词与形容词混淆等。这就要求我们在平时学习中重视词性及各类词在句中的基本功能。再如:
I'm sure we'IIhave 8 wonderfully time together.wonderful
9.限定词误用
(1)Today I visited the Smiths-my first visit to aAmerican family.an【解析】American为元音音素开头的单词,故应用部定冠词 an
(2)wemay be one family and live under a sameroof,„the【解析】same意为“同样的”,前面应加定冠词the。
10.近义词混用They did not want me to do any work at family......home【解析】family侧重指“家庭这个结构或家里的人。,而home则侧重指“家庭的所在地”。因此,“在家里”应用athome。
【知识拓宽】
在英语中,有许多同义词、近义词和反义词,在平时学习中应抓好基础,牢记每一个词的基本含义。再如:.Uncle Ben will alsogo back for Christmas.come总之,平时学习中应加强对基础知识的积累,熟练掌握高考词汇、基本词法、句法,同时还应加强阅读能力的训练。因为,较快的阅读速度、较好的语感和牢固的基础知识是做好短文改错的重要前提。平时训练短文改错时,不应只是为了做题而做题,而应善于总结、摸索答题的规律。
参考答案
一、1.(3)go to school;in prison;at table(4)play basketball;play chess
三、1.(1)question-*questions(2)subject—subjects(3)match-*matches(4)schoolmate—+ schoolmates(5)subject-+ subjects(6)return—.retums(7)class-classes
第四篇:经典短文改错
动词形,名词数。还要注意形和副,物ing,修人用ed。遇连词,必停住,多词少词须关注,介词冠词占多数,固定搭配非谓语,反身代时主宾同。短文改错错不错,每句至少改一个。
1.The day is my dad’s birthday.This afternoon I went to the shopping center downtown, and hesitated for 犹豫(v)a moment,and then offered my seat to her.The old lady thanked me a lot and sat [be] ready to help others in the future.2.Two years ,I travelled to BT and Ia car.Unfortunate[~ly],I had an accident and hit another car,and I needed to stay in a hospital for at least two Iaway,and that my mother would not sleep if she knew.Therefore,I told them stories and how I was enjoying BT.As a result,nobody knew[the] truth.I still think that it was the righ thing to do.3.The world is not only hungry,but also 渴的(adj).this may strange,since nearly 70 % of the earth’s surface is covered with water.Man and most of the animals can only drink and use the 10% of the water---fresh water.The need for water is day by day.Only when steps are taken to deal with this problem immediate [~ly],can we avoid a serve worldwide water shortage短缺(n)later on.One of the first [is]to develop ways to reuse to a water purifying it can be separated from waste matters and treated with 4.[2012唐山is a sick friend,or attend a wedding or[a] birthday party.I still remember one day last year when Tom,a disabled some flowers to his mother to express his gratitude.He life to his mother’s patient was finally admitted to a key university.’hurt.With tears in her eyes,she could do nothing butfor help.Zhang li ran “take it easy”he said.Then he sent her to a nearby hospital.That[it] was not long before the girl’6.Mr.smith had an 8-year-old son named tony,who enjoyed listening to music very much.So he a [for]Tony,hoping that he could become [a] famous pianist one day.The little boy into the piano day after day and seemd to enjoy if you don’tAttend v.出席,到场,参加bleed n.血 v.流血handkerchief n.手绢,纱布,丝绸confidence n.自信,信心
第五篇:应用文改错
1、题目:指出下面一则通知在格式和内容上的五处错、漏。全校共青团员
经研究,定于五月二日下午五时召开团员大会,布置召开“五四”青年节纪念会的有关工作。希大家按时参加。
五月一日
升平中学团总支 五处错、漏依次是:
2、题目:下面通知的格式有错误。请判断“通知”之后所列修改意见的正误。各班班委会:
经研究,现把建设无蝇校第二阶段的工作布置如下:
(一)每星期六下午举行全校扫除,彻底清除苍蝇孳生地。
(二)各班定期在卫生责任区喷洒灭蝇药物。
(三)本月28日下午,在小礼堂举办学生自制诱杀苍蝇器具展览。
希望各班积极组织同学参加以上活动。我们要从身边的事做起,为把首都建设成无蝇城,为北京争办奥运会作贡献。
2002年5月21日
春晖中学学生会
修改意见:
(1)第一行顶格写“通知”或“关于布置建设无蝇校工作的通知”。()(2)第一行中间写“通知”或“关于布置建设无蝇校工作的通知”。()(3)“各班班委会”应顶格写。()(4)文中的(一)
(二)(三)均应顶格写。()(5)发通知时间应定在发出单位的下一行。()(6)发出单位和发通知时间应写在同一行。()
3、题目:下面请假条有五处错误,请参照各行的“修改提示”用修改符号在原文上修改。
请假条
张老师。①
我昨天下午背着书包回家后②,晚上突然发高烧③,今天不能到校上课。特请假一天,请批准。此至④ 敬礼
02年6月17日⑤
学生范志伟
4、题目:下边是张贴在校内的“招领启事”,有六处错误。请认真阅读并按照文的要求答题。
招领启事
昨天中午,本人在从教室到校礼堂的路上拾到一串钥匙。这串钥匙有五个是铝制的,两个是铜制的。拴钥匙的链上还挂着一只红色的塑料小熊猫。
望失主速来认领。
章小春
填空题:
(1)本启事的书写格式有两处错误:①是________;②是________。(2)启事的内容中有关物件的_________、__________不应交待得这样具体明确。
(3)启事的内容中有关联认领的______、______等还没有交待清楚。
5、题目:修改应用文,回答文的问题。
寻物启示
本人是供销社会会计,于5月15日骑车经过农科大学教援楼附近时,不小心丢失皮包一只,有拾到者请交给本人,我愿意负出重金表示感谢。此致
敬礼
江南供销社全体职工
5月16日(1)它在格式上有两个毛病:①________②________(2)它在内容上有两个问题:①______②_______(3)文中有三个错别字,在原文中圈出更正。
6、题目:下面是一则“征稿启事”,其中有六处错误,按要求分别指出。
征稿启事 因为帮助同学们更好地学习语文,本部准备出版《语文学习园地》专刊。①欢迎同学们踊跃投稿。②稿件内容按本部要求写。③文体不限,每篇最好不超过1000字。④希望在本月24日以前投入本校征稿箱。⑤
此致 敬礼!
一九九四年五月二日
前进中学《语文学习园地》编辑部(1)书写格式的四处错误是: ① ② ③ ④
(2)关联词运用不当的是第_____句(3)内容交待不清的是第______句。
7、题目:下列一则“征稿启事”有多处毛病,请按要求改在各题下面横线上。
征稿启事
我们学校有的同学语文学习不得法,成绩老提请不高,大家很焦急,建议本刊出一期语文学习专刊。请语文学习好的同学介绍语文学习的经验体会,学习语文的好方法。我们采纳他们的意见,准备出一期语文学习专刊。内容按语文专刊的要求。字数不超过1000字左右。欢迎同学踊跃投稿。来稿请在本月底前投在本刊投稿箱里,或交班级通讯员。
光明中学《芳草地》编辑部(1)指出“征稿启事”格式两处错误,并改在下面: ①
②
(2)启事要简明。这则启事的“征稿目的”,写得太罗嗦,请用一两句话把它表达清楚。
(3)文中划线句子有毛病,请改正在下面:
(4)“内容按语文专刊的要求”这句话写得不明确,请用一句话把它写具体:
首行居中缺“通知”
2、通知对象未顶格写
3、通知对象后未加冒号4未写明开会地点
5、通知单位和时间的位置颠倒。
2、×— — × — × 3、1用换用号 2用删除号 3用增补号 4用换用号 5用调位号 请假条
张老师:
我昨天晚上突然发高烧须去医院治疗,今天不能到校上课。特请假一天,请批准。此致
敬礼
学生范志伟
02年6月17日 4、1、“招领启事”未居中写,2落款未署时间表3特征,数量4时间地点 5、1标题应居中写
2应删此致敬礼
3未写明皮包特征和所装何物
4全体职工应改为失物者姓名
示改事
援改授
负改付 6、1“征稿启事”未居中写
2正文首句未空两字
3此致敬礼多余
4落款单位和时间顺序颠倒
5因为当改为了7、1标题未居中写
2末尾未署名时间
3为推广语文尖子学习经验,帮助同学们掌握学法,应读者要求,准备了出一期语文学习专刊。3删左右。4内容宜具体明确,条理清晰,最好就某一点谈深刻些,使读者可仿效、可操作。
中国人民银行X X市分行
关于转发总行《储蓄工作座谈会议纪要》的通知
X银发[2009]X号
现将总行的《储蓄工作座谈会议纪要》转发给你们,请立即组织研究,展开讨论,并根据《纪要》精神,认真贯彻执行。当前,首先要抓好第一季度的工作,以便为全年工作打下基础。
中国人民银行X X市分行
二OO九年七月二十四日
【参考答案】
1.缺主送机关。
2.正文写作存在问题。一般来说,转发性通知只能有一个目的,或为执行,或为讨论,或为参考,二者不能兼得,更不能三者兼得。上面这则通知一方面让人家“研究讨论”,一方面又让人家“贯彻执行”,这二者是不可兼得的。因为“研究讨论”意味着转发对象尚不成熟,还没有达到“执行”的程度;而“贯彻执行”却意味着转发对象已经成熟,已经没有“研究讨论”的必要了。作者在这里显然犯了自相矛盾的错误,违背了形式逻辑中的不矛盾律。这是转发性通知中的一种多发病和常见病。
3.落款处的单位名称应去掉。4.缺附件
中国人民银行X X市分行
关于转发总行《储蓄工作座谈会议纪要》的通知
X银发[2009]X号
各分理处:
现将总行的《储蓄工作座谈会议纪要》转发给你们,请立即认真贯彻执行。当前,首先要抓好第一季度的工作,以便为全年工作打下基础。
附件:《中国人民银行储蓄工作座谈会议纪要》
二OO九年七月二十四日
1、单项选择题
选择题从形式上看,均包括题干和备选答案两部分,单项选择题是在四个备选答案中选择一个正确答案。单项选择题的备选答案,均具备似真性,容易引我们进入“陷阱”,这类题型所涉及的内容比较宽泛,从概念理解、格式把握、文种分类到语言的表达、文种的应用范围等无所不包,这种题型,主要考查学生的识记和理解能力。如:“以报刊编辑部的名义发的具有指导意义和倾向性的言论”的文章是:①短评 ②短论 ③社论 ④评论员文章(答案④),这里考的是概念;下列属于法规类规范性文体的是:①规定 规则 ②章程 规定 ③公约 公告 ④办法 细则(答案④),这里考的是分类;下列文种中,不重在叙述说明的是:①调查报告 ②计划 ③总结 ④通讯(答案③),这里考的是写作方法;条例在时效方面,具有:①权威性 ②法规性 ③稳定性 ④限定性(答案③),这里考的是文种的性质特点。
2、多项选择题
多项选择题的形式是在题干后有五个备选答案,从中选择的正确答案在二个以上。这类题型的内容主要涉及到格式组成、文种分类、特点、文种使用等。如会议提案的结构组成包括:①案由 ②提案人 ③理由 ④办法措施 ⑤落款(答案①②③④)考查的就是结构;如下列属于工作简报的有:①关于会议的集中报道 ②税务简讯 ③工作动态 ④内部参考 ⑤快报(答案②③④⑤)考查的就是分类;如规范性应用文的制约性体现在:①制作 ②使用 ③时效 ④格式 ⑤内容(答案①②)考查的就是特点;又如下列可以用通知这一文种的有:①印章启用 ②与兄弟单位协商事项 ③转发不相隶属机关的公文 ④更改文件内容 ⑤表彰先进批评错误(答案①③④)考查的就是文种的使用。此外多项选择题还会考查其他内容。
考生无论是在答单选题还是多选题时,一要认准题目、看清要求,特别注意用“不是”、“不属于”等引起的题目;二是要善于采用排除法,既从正面判断,又从反面加以排除,正反结合使用;三要善于比较和联想、摸准命题意图。
3、填空题
这种题型比较容易掌握,答案也较直观。就内容而言,只要是比较重要的、关键性的、比较固定的知识点,都可入题。其内容构成也较丰富,从概念的理解、结构特点的把握、文种的分类乃至关键性的文字都有所涉猎。试举几例:简报与公文截然不同,标题没有签发机关,没有文件名称,只有____(内容摘要);订立经济合同的主要程序是______和______(要约 承诺);会议记录一般以______为单位分段记载(发言人);行政起诉状中,原告可以是公民,可以是法人或其他组织,被告必须是______(主管行政机关);初步的、非正式的计划是______(设想);学术论文的灵魂是______(科学性)。以上题目均具有代表性。
要答好填空题,一是平时要反复读书,对知识点比较熟练了,答题时就可以凭直觉很快地回答出来;二是要注意题目的变化;三是对知识点中的关键词要特别清楚、准确,不能似是而非。
5、改错题
改错题主要是考查自学应考者的实际应用能力、判断能力。改错题可以是对内容的改错,如性质、概念解释等的改错,更主要的还是对形式方面的改错,如对格式、语言、语体、常规用法等的改错。如修改下列文字:“科技说明是科技报告的一种,它一般由封面、文头、正文、文尾四个部分组成。”该题应将“科技报告”改成“科技情报”、将“文头”改为“目录”。将“文尾”改为“附录”。又如修改标题:“关于××卫生局开展食品卫生检查、保证人民身体健康的指示”,这里,应将“关于”调至“××卫生局”后面,去掉“保证人民身体健康”、将“指示”改为“通知”。类似的改错很多,如经济合同格式的改错、主题词的改错、材料的改错、语言使用的改错等,不甚枚举。
考生在改错时,要非常仔细。平时复习时,要特别注意教材、自学指导书上的各种格式图示和例文,要研究各种文体特定格式的摆放位置,对语言要仔细推敲,在考试时特别注意公文语言的语体问题。
6、分析题
分析题主要是考查自学应考者应用所学理论分析问题、解决问题的能力。分析题重在分析,它既可以分析怎么做,也可以分析不该怎样做,它可以分析形成某个结果的原因,也可以分析特定的应用文体的组成及结构、写作方法、写作好处。“市××厂需进口一批仪器设备,向市工业局写了请示,市工业局经过讨论,认为市××厂确实需要这一批仪器设备,同意它购买,但外汇指标和经费批准权限不在市工业局,请问市工业局应该如何办理此份公文?”该题的做法是:市工业局应先写一份批复,同意市××厂进口仪器设备,但不能同意外汇指标与经费;接着阐述不能同意的理由——批准权限不在市工业局;最后告诉市××厂怎么办:或者由市××厂直接向有权批准外汇指标和经费的单位请示,或者由市工业局代替市××厂向有权批准外汇指标和经费的单位请示(上级单位)、发函(平级单位)。
要答好分析题,一是要留意教材在阐述文种时所举例子及其分析,同时注意教材的例文,仔细对它们加以推敲;二是不要回避问题,不要兜圈子、绕弯子,答非所问、故意掩饰,要明白清晰,语气肯定地回答问题;三是要把题目答完整,既要分析理由、指出症结,还要提出整改措施、阐明做法,要尽量求全责备;
四是要切中要旨,简明扼要。