第一篇：英语“任务型写作”——概括部分初探
英语“任务型写作”——概括部分初探
邓员泉
【内容摘要】鉴于新课程英语写作在英语高考中的重要性，如何指导学生写好“任务型写作”是英语老师责无旁贷的工作。本文将对“任务型写作”概括部分的方法及学习思路进行探讨，力图让学生对“任务型写作”有一定的认识，让学生的写作能力有相应的提高。
【关键词】任务型写作
概括方法
学习方法
情感策略
一、对高考英语“任务型写作”的认识
广东省高考英语写作中的“任务型写作”包括二个部分：一是一篇约350个词的英语短文，读后用约30个词概括短文的内容要点。二是写作要点和写作要求，根据写作要点和写作要求用约120个词写一篇短文。要求概括准确，语言规范，内容恰当，篇章连贯。该题型是要求学生应用阅读能力和写作技巧完成的交际任务，主要考查学生语言的综合应用能力。包括用英语获取、处理信息、传达信息的能力、分析问题、解决问题的能力以及用限量的英语词汇进行思维和表达的能力。该题型要求考生通过对所提供的阅读材料获取有关信息，进而对此信息进行加工，并结合平时积累的相关信息知识，按照任务要求谋篇布局，完成指定的写作任务。
二、概括短文的方法
“任务型写作”的第一个要求就是对短文进行概括，它是一个获取信息、加工信息的过程，需要严谨的思维和准确的表达能力，而且要使用自己的语言来表达。因此，“概括短文的内容”，实际上就是客观简要地转述作者的论点、论据和结论。根据不同文体，我们把它归纳为“主题句+支撑句”的概括模式。不同文体，它的概括模式略有区别：
文体
主题句
支撑句
议论文
论点（概括性的）
补充论证的论据。（对立观点式论据的补充是并列关系，句子间多用whilehowever等：批驳观点式论据的补充是递进关系，句子间多用what’s morein additionbesideswhat’s worsemoreover等；现象评论式论据的补充需要现象重点方面的多面性。
记叙文
叙述要素（时间、地点、人物、事情的过程和结果）
记叙的中心（升华故事内涵的句子）。短文里没出现揭示规律或主观感受的内容不得发表自己的观点。
说明文
说明的对象
对象的原因或对象的说明（尽量把不同的信息点合并起来）
例题1（对立观点式的议论文）：
We all love new inventions.They are exciting amazing and can change our lives.But have all these developments really improved the quality of our lives?
Picture this: you’re rushing to finish your homework on the computer.Your mobile phone rings, a QQ message from your friend appears on the screen, and the noise from the television is getting louder and louder.Suddenly the computer goes blank and you lose all your work.Now you have to stay up all night to get it done.How calm and happy do you feel?
Inventions have sped up our lives so much that they often leave us feeling stressed and tired.Why do you think people who live far away from noisy cities, who have no telephones, no cars, not even any electricity often seem to be happier? Perhaps it is because they lead simple lives.本文主要阐述了“发明”改变了我们的生活和生活的质量。第二段讲了发明带来的方便，紧接着第三段介绍了发明拥有的缺点。综上所述，我们可以得出本文的大意：
参考答案：The author discussed whether new inventions really improve the quality of our lives（主题句）.While new inventions have brought us much convenience（从第二段得出的支撑句）, they can also get us into troubles（从第三段得出的支撑句）.例题2（记叙文）
Sept.4th, 2008 Thursday
It was raining outside when I got up early in the morning.It’s too bad, so I had to go to school by bus.I said to myself.It was almost seven o’clock before I left home.I put on my raincoat and ran to the bus stop in a hurry, for I thought a lot of people might be waiting there.Hardly had I gone there when a bus was coming.I got on the bus immediately, hoping it was possible for me to take a seat.I saw an empty seat and took it.But I found an old lady standing behind me.I stood up at once and was about to ask her to take the seat when a young girl I a modern skirt made a dive for it.I could hardly believe it.I glared at her, thinking, “What bad manners!She cares for nobody but herself.Won’t she grow old in the future?”
上文讲述了作者一次雨天让座给老妇人但被一个穿着时髦的年青女人抢占（make a dive for）的故事。作者对此事感到遗憾(bad manners.)和愤怒(glared at her.Won’t she grow old in the future?)。
参考答案：On a rainy day, the writer saw a young lady making a dive for a seat on a bus leaving an old lady standing aside.She felt very angry about it and sorry about such bad manners in our society.三、要提高写作能力，只知道写作技巧还不行。
就像一个建楼房的人，知道怎样建房，甚至图纸都设计好了，但是没有材料，怎能建房呢？正所谓“仓里有粮，心中不慌”。所以在平时的训练中可选用以下的学习方法来使文章的句子合理流畅，内容生动充实，过渡自然，观点明确，条理清晰，语言优美。
（1）、准备一个写作档案袋，把平时遇到的好文章、好句子和好词组剪下来放到袋子里，定期进行记忆整理。
（2）、加工仿写美文
学生可建立个人的范文库，根据中学阶段对写作的基本要求进行模仿性写
作练习。此外，当发现一些在内容上或文字上都非常好的句、篇时，如一些谚语，学生应该把它们抄下来背会并学会在自己的写作中适当运用。
（3）、善于归纳
学习过程中要注意归纳总结。学生可以把一些常用于写作中表示各种句子
关系的词或词组及一些语篇衔接标志（如连接词）进行归纳。区分它们的用法，并对不同关系的连接词进行归类，这样写作时可信手拈来。如递进关系（besides, what’s more, in addition, moreover, to make matters worse, what’s worse, furthermore等）；转折关系（however, but, while, in spite of, otherwise等）；个人观点（in my opinion, personally, as far as I’m concerned, as for me, from my personal point of view 等）；总结（in short, in a word, on the whole, all in all, to sum up briefly, in general, in conclusion等）其它（for one thing, for another, last but not least, each coin has two sides, according to, compare to, on the one hand, on the other hand, as a matter of fact 等）。
（4）、建立个人写作模式，并逐渐形成自己的写作风格。
（5）、关注重点语言知识和一些比较地道的英语表达方式，并把它们进行整理，学会使用。（如fail to do sth, sth occurred to sb, available, obtain等的使用）
（6）、学会扩展句子。如分析句子的主干，中间加一个定语从句进去，或改成名词性从句，或改成状语从句、并列句还有非谓语的使用等等。
四、写作中的情感策略
除了培养学习兴趣，端正学习态度外，同学们还应该注意在写作过程中克服畏难情绪。每次完成写作后，教师可号召学生分析自己的作品，找出写得好的文段、句子，甚至好的习作张贴或收集起来，增强学生的成就感和自信心，同时告诉学生“我能行，我努力了能拿高分”。从而提高复习质量和考试成绩。
写作教学是高中英语教学的重中之重，教学方法也因人而异。笔者只是从平时教学实际中总结出几点行之有效的心得。新教材中许多素材和环节还有待充分的利用和更有效的挖掘。总之，写作是一种综合能力的训练，是对学生所学语言知识的综合运用，是一个比较系统的工程，它应贯穿于教学活动的全过程。通过笔者以上谈到的写作技巧和方法及情感策略，相信能起到抛砖引玉的作用，并对真正提高学生的写作能力有一定的帮助。
第二篇：任务型写作
任务型写作
阅读下面的短文，然后按要求写一篇150字左右的英语短文。
Many students fail to perform well in an exam not because they lack ability, but because of the pressure of the exam room---the tense atmosphere, the ticking clock on the wall, the teacher walking around, and the thought that their future will be decided by the exam.It’s not just students who will face pressure.Human beings are competitive animals and we evaluate each other, whether in exams or in job interviews, so all of us occasionally get nervous.Removing pressure from life is an impossible dream.However, there are some ways which can help reduce our pressure.We are likely to overcome the pressure when we are familiar with the situation we are about to face.Of course, even when we are well-prepared, we may still feel nervous, but at least we will be more equipped to deal with our nervousness.Furthermore, we may remind ourselves that the big moment is not that big from a different viewpoint.Even a huge exam is not as important as a loving family, or good health.写作内容
1.以约30个词概括上文的主要内容。
2.以约120个词就压力进行议论，内容包括：（1）简述正确面对压力的重要性。
（2）你现在面对哪些方面的压力？
（3）你认为应该如何面对压力？
写作要求
1.作文中可以使用亲身经历或者虚构的故事，也可以参照阅读材料的内容，但不得直接引
用原文中的句子。
2.作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称。
The passage mainly tells us not only students but also other people will feel stressed on different occasions.So some suggestions are given on how to reduce pressure.When summer or winter vacation comes, some students can’t stand wandering about with nothing to do.Now, more and more college students and high school students are looking for part-time jobs.Wang Danning, a high school student, works as a hostess during winter vacations to earn some pocket money.Hostesses are paid per event, which normally lasts for one day or several hours.They can earn 150-300 yuan a day.Different from Wang, Guan Zhang focuses more on the experience he can get from part-time jobs.The 22-year-old student, who studies at Tsinghua University was recommended by his schoolmates to work as a coach at a winter camp.His responsibility was to take care of a group of middle school students during their six-day tour around Beijing.Guan earns 150-200 yuan a day, but he thinks the value of his part-time job lies more in the personal skills he acquires.“I am graduating this year.This experience will help me get ready for my future job,” he said.In fact, when choosing a certain part-time job, students need to be cautious about the employer’s credibility.写作内容
1.以约30个词概括上文的主要内容。
2.以约120个词就“中学生假期打工”进行议论，内容包括：
（1）简述你对中学生假期打工的看法。
（2）列举你或他人的一次打工经历。
（3）谈谈你的感受或收获。
写作要求
1.作文中可以使用亲身经历或者虚构的故事，也可以参照阅读材料的内容，但不得直接引
用原文中的句子。
2.作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称。
The passage mainly tells us nowadays more and more students do part-time jobs during vacations to earn some pocket money or gain some experience.However, they are warned to be careful when choosing a part-time job.荐荐荐荐贫高满分诚穷
中
作信与
富生文高有作
中高文(3000
中作作素字
文
文
材)荐高中800字作文精选 [1500字]
第三篇：广东英语高考任务型写作10篇
（一）阅读下面的短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。
Doctors say anger can be an extremely harmful emotion, unless you learn how to deal with it.They warn that angry feelings can lead to heart disease, stomach problems, headaches, emotional problems and possibly cancer.Anger is a normal emotion that we all feel from time to time.Some people express anger openly in a calm, reasonable way.Others burst with anger, losing control of themselves.But still other people control their anger.They cannot or will not express it.Recently some doctors have found that people who express anger too often and violently become, in fact, more and not less angry.This can cause medical problems.Some doctors say that both controlling and expressing anger can be dangerous.They believe that those who express anger strongly may be more likely to develop heart disease, and they believe that those who deep their anger inside may face a greater danger of high blood pressure.Doctors say the solution is learning how to deal with anger.They say the first step is to admit that you are angry and to recognize the real cause of the anger, then decide if the cause is serious enough to get angry about.If it is, they say, “Do not express your anger while angry.Wait until your anger has cooled down and you are able to express yourself calmly and reasonably.”
[写作内容]
1）概括短文的内容要点，该部分的字数大约30词左右；
2）就“要不要生气”这个主题发表你的看法，至少包含以下的内容要点，该部分字数大约120词左右；
a)发脾气不但不利于健康，而且对人际关系有影响； b)避免因误解而造成的生气； c)理性的对待别人的错误。
[写作要求]
你可以使用实例或其它论述方法支持你的论点，也可以参照阅读材料的内容，但不要抄袭阅读材料中的句子。
One possible version：
Doctors say anger can lead to serious diseases like heart disease, stomach problems, headaches, emotional problems and even cancer.Both controlling anger and express anger strongly can be harmful to your health.As we know, getting angry not only does harm to one’s health but also has a bad effect on the relationship between people.Sometimes expressing anger too strongly can lead to severe results.However, in many cases, anger may be avoided if we can understand each other better.For instance, someone may have done something about which you are very angry, but in fact he/she meant no harm.So it is quite unnecessary for you to get angry.If someone does do some wrong, try to put yourself in his/her position and understand him/her.If you find it really necessary to express to anger, try to do it in a calm, reasonable way.Remember losing your temper does good to neither you nor the other person.（二）
阅读下面的短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。
People used to say, “The hand that rocks the cradle rules the world.” and “Behind every successful man there is a woman.”
Both these sayings mean the same thing.Men rule the world, but their mothers and wives rule them.Most American women wish to make their husbands and sons successful, but some of them want more for themselves.They want good jobs.When they work they want to be better paid.They want to be as successful as men.The American women’s liberation movement was started by women who didn’t want to stand behind successful men.They wanted to stand beside men，with the same chance for success.They refused to work side by side with men who did the same work for a higher pay.This movement is quite new, and many American women don’t agree yet.But it has already made some important changes in women’s lives－in men’s lives, too.Liberated women are proud of being a woman and have confidence in themselves.More and more women are holding important positions in companies, institutions and the government.More people than ever have realized that women deserve as much respect as men.[写作内容]
1）概括短文的内容要点，该部分的字数大约30词左右；
2）就“男女平等”这个主题发表你的看法，至少包含以下的内容要点，该部分字数大约120词左右；
a)妇女在家庭和社会中的地位的今与昔； b)妇女的贡献，妇女应该受到尊重； c)你认为怎样才能实现真正的男女平等。
[写作要求] 你可以使用实例或其它论述方法支持你的论点，也可以参照阅读材料的内容，但不要抄袭阅读材料中的句子。
One possible version：
With the women’s liberation movement carried out, American women now enjoy a better situation in both their families and the society.What they have done proves women deserve as much respect as men.Women in the world have long been treated unjustly.They were limited in their homes could not share equal rights with men.Now the situation has improved greatly, but they are still not treated equally as men.And this is a worldwide problem.Considering the contribution women do to their families and the society, women should be given as much respect and as many opportunities.They should be paid as much as men if they do the same job.Men should always remember that their mothers are women too and give up the belief t
hat men should have some privilege.On the other hand, women should make themselves more able, be more self-confident and more active.I believe the day will come when women enjoy real equality with men.（三）
阅读下面的短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。
A new study shows that fat people in the United States suffer direct economic(经济的)and social effects because of their size.The findings are from an 8 – year study of about 100,000 people.The people studied were between the ages of 16 and 24 when the research began.The researchers who carried out the study say they consider the people fat if they are in the top of 5% of the measurement in which weight is connected with height.For example, fat women in the study were about 160 centimeters tall and weighed about 90 kilograms.Fat men in the study were about 175 centimeters tall and weighed 100 kilograms.The researchers say that more than 1,000,000 Americans are that big.The researchers found that fat young women were more likely to lose social and economic power even if they were form wealthy families.The fat women also were 20% less likely to get married and they earned an average of about $6,700 a year less than other women.The study showed less severe effect on fat men.They earned an average of about $3,000 a year less than other men.Fat men also were 11% less likely to get married.[写作内容]
1）概括短文的内容要点，该部分的字数大约30词左右；
2）就“肥胖引起的问题”这个主题发表你的看法，至少包含以下的内容要点，该部分的字数大约120词左右；
a)简介中国的肥胖人群面临的问题； b)你认为人们应如何避免过于肥胖； c)你认为应该怎样对待肥胖人群。
[写作要求]
你可以使用实例或其它论述方法支持你的论点，也可以参照阅读材料的内容，但不要抄袭阅读材料中的句子。
One possible version：
A recent report says there are over a million fat people in the US.Fat people meet a series of problems in their life.They are less likely to get married and are badly paid when they work.In China this problem is also getting worse and worse.The living standard of the Chinese people has greatly improved in the last two decades.Meanwhile more and more people, especially children, are getting too fat.Fat people in China are faced with many problems in their life.They receive discrimination from the society.They find it more difficult to find work than ordinary people and are worse paid when they work.In order to reduce the number of fat people, I think people, including children, should keep living an active life, having a healthy diet and exercise more.On the other hand, fat people should be treated with full respect and as equally as any human being in the society.（四）
阅读下面的短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。
The motor vehicle has killed and disabled more people in its brief history than any bomb or weapon ever invented.Much of the blood on the street flows essentially from uncivil behavior of drivers who refuse to respect the legal and moral rights of others.So the killing on the road may be regarded as a social problem.In fact, the enemies of society on wheels are rather harmless people, just ordinary people acting carelessly, you might say.But carelessness is no excuse when one’s actions could bring death or damage to others.A minority of the killers go even beyond carelessness to total negligence(疏忽).Researchers have estimated that as many as 80 per cent of all automobile accidents are caused due to the psychological(心理的)condition of the driver.Emotional upsets can slow drivers’ judgment and reactions, and blind them to
dangers that might otherwise be evident.The experts warn that it is important for every driver to make an effort to keep one’s emotions under control.Yet drivers are not the only people to blame for road accidents.Street walkers regularly break traffic regulations, they are at fault in most vehicle walker accidents;and many cyclists even believe that they need not follow the basic rules of the road.[写作内容]
1）概括短文的内容要点，该部分的字数大约30词左右；
2）就“如何减少交通事故”这个主题发表你的看法，至少包含以下的内容要点，该部分字数大约120词左右；
a)交通事故造成的生命财产的损失；
b)人们应做出什么努力来减少交通事故的发生； c)政府应采取什么措施来减少交通事故的发生。
[写作要求] 你可以使用实例或其它论述方法支持你的论点，也可以参照阅读材料的内容，但不要抄袭阅读材料中的句子。
One possible version：
Every year an amazingly large number of people die or become disabled because of traffic accidents, most of which are caused by drivers with bad psychological condition.In some cases street walkers and cyclists are also to blame.Traffic accidents cause great losses of lives as well as property and bring people a lot of sufferings.But many accidents could have been avoided if people pay more attention to safety.I think road users should tell themselves again and again to be aware of dangers on the road.Drivers must realize that they will become a killer if they are careless in driving.They should learn to control their emotion while driving and keep themselves away from drunken driving.Walkers and cyclists should keep safety in mind and strictly follow traffic rules.The government should educate the public to guard against road accidents and make strict regulations of road safety for people to follow.（五）
阅读下面的短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。
You may think birthdays mean only cake, presents, and a sweet song--“Happy Birthday”.However, there are many varieties of birthday celebrations.In the West, many birthday traditions come from an ancient belief that bad spirits showed up on a person's birthday.To drive troublemaking spirits away, friends would visit each other on their birthdays.Today, people still get together for birthday parties.But around the world, birthdays are celebrated in many different ways.In eastern Canada, children get their noses covered with butter on their birthdays.The butter is supposed to make children too slippery for bad luck to stick to them.Irish people lift birthday children upside down and hit them lightly on the floor for every year of their age.Mexico also has a unique birthday tradition.A paper-made animal is filled with candy and toys and hung from the ceiling.The birthday child with his eyes covered then tries to hit the animal with a stick until it bursts open.[写作内容] 1)以约30词概括短文的要点；
2)就“生日”为主题写一篇短文，至少包含以下的内容要点，该部分的字数大约120词左右：
a)你通常怎样庆祝你的生日； b)介绍一次令你难忘的生日经历。
[写作要求] 1．作文中可以使用自己的亲身经历或虚构故事，也可以参照阅读材料的内容，但不得直接引用原文中的句子。
2．作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称。[评分标准] 概括准确，语言规范，内容合适，篇章连贯。
（六）阅读下面的短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。
The generation gap between students and their teachers is becoming more significant with only 3.3 percent out of a survey group of 1,000 students from 30 key middle schools in the city saying they would be willing to tell their teachers of their inner thoughts.In today’s educational environment, teachers are positioned to be the authority figure for learning instead of becoming good friends in the life of students.As only students with good marks in exams are considered the “apples in the eyes” of the teachers, most students think their teachers to be partial（偏心）.“I feel sad to hear such remarks,” said Yu Yi, a well-known special-class teacher.She recalled that in the past, teachers and students would play basketball together or comment on novels while sitting on the grass during a break.But today, study and good marks are the only topics of conversation between students and teachers.“Schools are not only the place where knowledge is imparted（传授）, but also where students are taught how to be an upright person,” Yu said.“The success of a person is not merely determined by intelligence but also by emotional state.”
Yang Xiong, director of the Juvenile Research Institute, said the educational system which focuses on examinations should be held to be substantially responsible.写作内容
1.以约30个词概括学生不愿告诉老师内心想法的原因；
2.以约120个词就“现代师生关系”这个主题发表你的看法，包括如下要点：（1）你是否愿意告诉老师你内心的想法，为什么？
（2）你希望你与你的老师之间的关系是怎样的？如何才能建立这种关系？
写作要求
1.可以使用实例或其他论述方法支持你的论点，也可以参照阅读材料的内容，但不得直接引用原文中的句子； 2.标题自定；
3.文中不能出现考生的真实姓名和学校名称。
（七）阅读下面的短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。
My Home Tutor Two years ago, I went through quite hard a time with my writing.Essays and papers were really great obstacles lying on my way to my high-school graduate certificate.It was at that time that it struck me that I might have a tutor.And that’s how the girl named Grace came into my life.She taught me for fun, and for free!Grace was younger than me(believe it or not), who took various activities to fulfill her social experience.In spite of the fact that she had just started her high school, she was very academic, particularly good at writing--my suffering!I enjoyed talking with her twice a week.It is from her that I know so many customs in the US---how wealthy students in our college spent their life and consumed money;how to do my presentation and teamwork;how to progress and how to build up a healthy learning habit.Thanks to God for bringing Grace to help me!Maybe what she told me to fulfill our life is more precious than academic knowledge.[写作内容] 1．以约30个词概括短文的要点 ；
2.然后以约120个词谈谈你对“学生请家教”的看法，内容包括：
(1)当你成绩下滑或学习不佳的时候，你是否请过家教？请简单谈谈你的做法或应对措施；
(2)你周围的同学请家教的人多吗？效果如何？
(3)你认为学习不好请家教有必要吗？请说说你的看法。[写作要求] 1.在作文中可以使用自己亲身的经历或虚构的故事，也可以参照阅读材料的内容但不得直接引用原文中的句子；
2.作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称。［评分标准］
概括准确，语言规范，内容合适，篇章连贯
（八）阅读下面的短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。
In addition to teaching here, I also teach at a smaller high school 17 miles down the freeway from where I live.One day a few weeks ago I was driving to that school when my car broke down just after I exited the freeway.I was only about a quarter of a mile away from the school so I grabbed my books, and started walking.“ ”As soon as I got there I called a repairman to meet me at my car after class.One of my colleagues asked me what had happened.'This is my lucky day,' I replied, smiling.“ ” 'Your car breaks down and today is your lucky day?' She was puzzled.'What do you mean?'“
” I live 17 miles from here.' I replied.“My car could have broken down anywhere along the freeway.It didn't.Instead, it broke down in the perfect place: off the freeway, within walking distance of here.I'm still able to teach my class, and I've been able to arrange for the repairman to meet me after class.If my car was meant to break down today, it couldn't have been arranged in a more convenient fashion." I once read somewhere before that every morning when you get up, you have a choice about how you want to approach life that day.And this is what I choose---to be cheerful.[写作内容] 最近你经常感觉学习压力非常大。假设上文是你的外籍老师今天在课堂上所讲述的自己的亲身经历。你准备在今天的日记中表达自己的感受。以下是日记的内容(日记的开头已为你写好)：
1．以约30个词概括老师所讲述的这个故事的内涵； 2．以约120个词表达你内心的感受，并包括如下要点：(1)你听完这个故事的感受；
(2)在你成长过程中你自己或他人用积极的态度去面对问题的某个经历；
(3)激励你自己正确面对学习压力。[写作要求] 1．作文中可使用自己的亲身经历或虚构的故事，也可以参照阅读材料的内容但不得直接
引用原文中的句子；
2．信中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称。
[评分标准] 概括准确，语言规范，内容合适，篇章连贯。
Saturday, Dec.22nd, 2007 Dear Diary，Today in class my teacher told us a story that really helped me deal with the pressures I often feel in my studies.…
（九）阅读下面的短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。
Learning to study is not difficult.The first thing to remember is that you must be willing to learn.It doesn't mean that you must always like the subject.It does mean, however, that you must be willing to learn whatever is necessary.Try to understand why it is important and how it will help you now and later.Knowing mathematical facts will be useful in your whole life.Knowing how to spell words makes any kind of writing easier.Sometimes the subject that you think is going to be uninteresting will be attractive when you begin to work on it.Learning things can be fun if you can try your best.Here's some advice for you.Have a certain time each day and a quiet place with good lighting for study, so that you can concentrate on your study without
interruptions.Have everything ready before you sit down to study, a dictionary, paper, a pen and books.Be sure you understand what you should learn before you start.Read carefully and pay special attention to the most important things.When memorizing, find out the main parts and then recite the whole thing.Check your homework after you finish it.Never forget the importance of review and preview.[写作内容] 1．概括短文内容要点，该部分词数大约30词；
2．就“想学就能学好”这个主题发表你的看法，至少包括以下内容要点，该部分的词数120词左右：
a．以亲身经历说明只有想学才能学好这个道理； b．学习本身就是乐趣； c．要有良好的学习方法； d．学习并不是难事。[写作要求] 1．作文中可使用自己的亲身经历或虚构的故事，也可以参照阅读材料的内容但不得直接引用原文中的句子；
2．信中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称。[评分标准] 概括准确，语言规范，内容合适，篇章连贯。
（十）阅读下面的短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。
Owing to the traditional Grammar-focused, teacher-centered and test-based classes in China, English is thought to be something dry and abstract or a subject similar to any other subject that the students are learning.What the students need to do at class is just to concentrate their attention on the teacher’s lecture, which always focuses on vocabulary and grammar explanation.As a result, many students can’t open their mouths to speak English despite they have learned English for several years.A national survey in 15 provinces and cities by the State Education Commission in 1986 revealed that most middle-school leavers found it hard to communicate even in simple English after spending 900 hours in English class.(1)With China’s entry to WTO, English is becoming a hit in China.As is reported, nearly 100 million Chinese elementary and secondary school students, apart from English learners from other walks of life, are learning English.In line with China’s entry to WTO, the reforming of educational system in China is progressing with times and the tendency of quality-oriented education is taking the lead.Foreign languages are important tools that people use to take in fruit of foreign civilizations and communicate for international co-operation.It is an indispensable basic skill for modern humans.(2)So the purpose of learning English is to use it.In another word, English should be a tool that people use to communicate.The purpose of English teaching is to help foster an ability of making use of language knowledge and technique.It is an urgent task to find an efficient teaching method for English.[写作内容] 1）概括短文的内容要点，该部分的字数大约60词左右；
2）就“a teacher centered class or a student centered class”这个主题发表你的看法，至少包含以下的内容要点，该部分的字数大约90词左右； a)以英语学习为例，可以简述你学习过程中的课堂模式；
b)你是如何看待a teacher centered class 或者a student centered class，简述两个课堂模式的特点；
c)你希望的课堂模式是怎样的，列举观点支持你的看法。[写作要求] 你可以使用实例或其它论述方法支持你的论点，也可以参照阅读材料的内容，但不要抄袭阅读材料中的句子。
第四篇：浅析英语任务型教学法
浅析英语任务型教学法
《英语课程标准》在第四部分实施建议中指出:本标准以学生“能用英语做事情”的描述方式设定各级的目标要求，旨在强调培养学生的综合语言运用能力。教师要通过创设接近实际生活的各种语境，采用循序渐进的语言实践活动，以及各种强调过程与结果并重的教学途径和方法，如任务型语言教学途径等，培养学生用英语做事情的能力。第一次正式提出任务型教学法。任务型教学(Task-based Language
Teaching)是指教师通过引导语言学习者在课堂上完成任务来进行的教学。是一种强调“在做中学”(learning by doing)的语言教学方法，任务是学习者在理解语言和输出语言的基础上完成的各种事情，学习者的注意力主要集中在表达意义上，而不是在操练语言形式上。该模式提倡学生在教师的指导下，通过感知、体验、实践、参与和合作等方式实现学习任务的目标，感受成功的快感，让学生养成积极的学习态度，提高学生运用语言的能力。近年来，任务型教学理论逐渐引入我国的基础英语课堂教学，是我国外语课程教学改革的一个走向。该任务型教学理论认为：掌握语言大多是在活动中使用语言的结果，而不是单纯训练语言技能和学习语言知识的结果。在教学活动中，教师应当围绕特定的交际和语言项目，设计出具体的、可操作的任务，学生通过表达、沟通、交涉、解释、询问等各种语言活动形式来完成任务，以达到学习和掌握语言的目的。任务型教学法摒弃传统的注重知识传授的教学方法，形成让学生在任务完成的过程中掌握知识，提高能力、快乐学习的教学法。
一、任务型教学的基本特征
1.将真实的语言材料引入学习的环境，体现交际活动的真实性。《英语课程标准》也指出，教师要善于开发有益的教学资源，使教学材料更加符合学生的学习需要，英语教学中要有针对性地使用真实的教学材料，如多媒体教学，让学生面对真实的教学问题，逐步提高学习的自主性和积极性。任务型教学方式在任务的设计上都以学生的知识水平和实际生活经验为基础，强调直接通过课堂教学让学生用英语完成各种真实的生活、学习、工作任务，从而培养学生运用英语的能力。
2.以学生为中心，学生的主体作用能得到充分发挥。
任务型教学不是以某个语言形式作为主要训练目标，而是以一个个任务作为引子，让学生为了完成各项任务而进行多形式的大量语言实践活动，从而提高综合语言运用能力。学生为了完成任务就必须充分发挥主观能动性，积极思考，用所学知识解决新问题，再通过师生间、学生间动态的信息交流，使学生运用语言的能力得到进一步的提高，充分体现做中学和学中做、乐得做和做得乐。因此，完成任务的过程也就是学生的主体作用得到充分发挥的过程。
3.注重学生体验、语言实践，加大了语言实践的活动量。英语作为一种语言，是交际的工具，具有很强的实践性。学生学习语言是为了交际，而这种交际能力的获得需要大量的语言实践活动。任务型教学强调掌握语言是在交际活动中使用语言的结果，而不是单纯训练语言技能和学习语言知识的结果。在任务型教学中，由于 很多任务都是通过Pair work或group work合作完成的，这样就将更多的活动时间留给了学生，那么学生的语言实践活动总量就大大增加。因此，任务型教学的特征之一就是能为学生提供更多的语言实践机会。
4.任务型教学活动的任务层次性和可操作性
任务型教学活动的任务要有层次性，以确保所有的学生都有能力参加，绝对不能只让成绩好的学生参加。不单如此，设计的任务的形式和要求要使全体的学生感到安全。不让那些有困难的学生在老师学生面前做他们不能做的活动。活动的内容要避免触及学生的个人隐私。如生理缺陷，单亲家庭问题等等。在任务布置之前要充分考虑这些问题。任务的可操作性是能否完成任务的前提。任务型教学要贴近不同语言学习者的语言能力，既要有适当的难度系数，又要有可操作性。太难了，学习者会产生焦虑，太容易了，又会觉得无味。
二、任务型教学的模式设计
《英语课程标准》为任务型教学模式设计提供了六点指南：第一，任务应有明确的目的；第二，任务应具有真实意义，即接近现实生活中的各种活动；第三，任务应涉及信息的接收、处理和传递等过程；第四，学生应在完成任务的过程中使用英语；第五，学生应通过做事情完成任务；第六，完成任务后应有一个具体的效果。
基于此，教师要善于设计适当的、符合学生实际的教学环境，向学生提出任务完成方式，教师在吃透教材、把握重点、难点的 基础上设计完成每节课的任务，创设听与说的语言环境，教会学生在实际生活中运用英语。教学设计要注重语言技能的发展和语言实际应用能力的提高，使学生的综合能力得到发展。国际语言学家Wills认为任务型教学模式应设计好三个步骤：第一，前任务。这一阶段，教师的主要任务是帮助学生理解任务的主题和要达到的目标，通过不同的手段解决任务中可能出现的障碍，这是确保活动顺利进行的前提。这些活动可以帮助学生回忆起学过的知识，使他们组织将要表达的内容，利于完成下个环节的任务。第二，任务环。首先是把学生分成小组来完成任务，使他们有机会用现有的知识围绕主题表达思想，教师的角色是向学生提供必要的帮助，但不干预学生的活动。其次是策划，学生可以草拟或预演最后要表达的内容，策划的目的是使最后的汇报内容清楚、恰当、有条不紊。当然，教师可以察看活动情况并提供必要的帮助，学生则可以向老师提问。最后，教师请若干学生汇报成果，其他学生可以补充遗漏的内容，然后由教师对汇报内容进行评议。第三，语言要点。语言点的教学要通过“分析”和“练习”来进行，目的是帮助学生探索语言奥秘，了解句法、固定搭配和掌握词汇，并通过练习巩固所学内容。任务型教学法模式，要求学生在教师的指导下通过“做中学，学中做”全面发展。综合运用语言能力，以任务为教学策略基础，强调从运用语言的任务入手进行教学，让学生完成一项事实的任务进行学习，从而培养学生运用语言的能力。William Littlewood曾说过任务型教学法的优点，Together ,over-coming the isolation of the tradition classroom ,students with their teacher activate their skills and knowledge.Often this togetherness may take the form of overt speaking, but even in silent tasks students may keep asense of the classroom as a learning community.The activity that takes place is not unguided “busy-work”but purposeful movement towards targets and objects.Finally, the boundary between the classroom and the outside world is increasingly reduced , as the tasks encourage students to relate learning to the whole domain of their experience.三、任务型教学实例 任务：采访一位本校名老师
目标：通过采访一位自己尊敬的老师，掌握如何用所学语言获取信息的技能。
材料：介绍名老师的文章或个人资料 话题：Weather, Teachers 语言技能：Speaking, listening and writing 活动形式：四人小组活动 操作过程：
1：教师布置任务并提出具体要求。2：学生分小组讨论，确定采访对象。3：教师提供收集材料的样本。4：学生分小组确定个人职责并自制采访表。
5：学生小组采用问答形式进行采访，记录人填写采访表。6：小组汇报人向全班报告采访结果，教师和学生对采访作出评价。7：根据采访获取的信息，各小组合作完成一篇200词左右的介绍本校名老师的短文。
8：文章贴在班级黑板或墙上供交流。
总之，任务型教学法的活动设计来源于生活，它借助教材内容引入学科外和课堂外的五彩生活，让学生在完成任务的过程中去学习语言，使用语言，学生完成任务的过程就是通过做事来使用语言，发展语言能力的过程。学习的任务与学生的生活习惯、学校生活、学习习惯、兴趣和爱好息息相关，学生感到该任务很亲切，距离很近，把枯燥的语言学习形式化为看得见、摸得着的实物和实事去做、去完成，从而愿做、能做、乐做。来源于生活的任务型教学法让学生通过动口、动手、动脑，亲自体验和感知、认知学习语言的乐趣，同时在完成任务过程中也展示了自己的才华。
英语任务型教学强调学生运用能力的培养，注意发展学生的学习策略，促进学生创新精神和实践能力的提高，激发和培养学生学习英语的兴趣，帮助学生树立自信心，形成有效的英语学习策略，养成良好的英语学习习惯，发展学生自主学习的能力；充分体现了“以教师为指导，以学生为主体”的素质教育理念，在课堂教学中越来越显示出其优越性。
第五篇：任务型教学法 英语
（一）任务型教学法的定义及其基本理念
任务型教学(Task-based Language Teaching)是指教师通过引导语言学习者在课堂上完成任务来进行的教学。这是20世纪80年代兴起的一种强调“在做中学”(learning by doing)的语言教学方法，是交际教学法的发展。Skehan在“Task-based instruction”中对任务做了如下描述：“意义优先，任务完成为主，评估基于任务完成与否。”也就是说，任务重视学生如何沟通信息，而不是强调学生使用何种语言形式；任务具有在现实生活中发生的可能性，而不是“假交际”；学生应把学习的重点放在如何完成任务上，对任务进行评估的标准是任务是否成功完成。
我们可以把任务型语言教学定义为：任务就是人们在日常生活、工作、娱乐活动中所从事的各种各样有目的的活动。任务型语言教学的核心思想是要模拟人们在社会学校生活中运用语言所从事的各类活动，把语言与学习者在今后日常生活中的语应用结合起来
任务型语言教学的理论依据来自许多方面，有心理学、社会语言学、语言习得研究等等。其中一个理论基础是“输入与互动假设”（input and interaction hypothesis）。掌握语言大多是在交际活动中使用语言的结果，而不是单纯训练语言技能和学习语言知识的结果。学生掌握语言必须通过“可理解性的输入”，这有利于学生掌握所学语言。英语课堂教学应具有“变化性互动”的各项活动，即任务。学生在完成任务的过程中进行对话性互动，进而掌握所学语言。
社会建构主义理论也是任务型教学法的重要理论基础之一。社会建构主义理论认为，学习和发展是社会的合作活动。这种活动是无法被教会的。知识是由学习者自己建构的，而不是有他人传递的。这种建构发生在与他人交往的环境中，是社会互动的结果。它强调学习者个人从自身经验背景出发，建构对客观事物的主观理解和意义，重视学习过程而反对现成知识的简单传授。它强调人的学习与发展发生在与其他人的交往和互动中。
社会互动理论强调人的学习和发展发生在与其他人的交往互动中。人们掌握语言主要是通过互动，或者说交流。
任务型教学的目标：任务型课堂模式把学生的注意力聚集在怎样利用英语作为交流的工具来完成任务，而不只是关心自己所说的句子是否正确，任务完成的结果为学习者提供自我评价的标准，并使其产生成就感这些目标是为课堂教学服务的，学生是直接的受益者。它体现了“以学生为主体，以任务为中心和以活动为方式”的思想。
（二）任务由以下三个部分组成：
1、任务的目标(Goals)。指通过让学生完成某一项任务而希望达到的目的。任务的目标可以是培养学生说英语的自信心，解决某项交际问题，也可以是训练某一项基本技能等。
2、构成任务内容的输入材料(Input)。输入材料必须具有知识性，应以现实生活中的交际为目的，是学生在一种自然、真实、或模拟真实的情景中体会语言，从而学习语言而不是局限与教材。
3、基于这些材料而设计的各项活动(Activities)。任务的设计由简到繁，由易到难，前后想连，层层深入，并由数个微任务(mint-task)构成一串“任务链”。在语言技能方面，遵循先输入后输出原则。
（三）设计任务型学习活动应遵循的原则
1.活动要真实。活动应引导学生通过完成具体的任务学习语言，让学生为了特定的学习目的实施特定的语言行动，通过特定的交际任务获得和积累相应的学习经验。
2.活动要有针对性。所设计的活动应吸收全体学生参加，而不是只让部分水平好的学生参加。因此，我们必须把活动设计为若干形式，以保证有效的分层次教学。3.活动应具有激励性。我们所设计的活动的结果应该使学生产生成就感。
（四）任务型课堂教学的环节
1．前任务(Pre-Task)——教师引入任务 2．任务循环流程(Task-cycle)： a.任务(task)——学生执行任务；
b.计划(planning)——各组学生准备如何向全班报告任务完成的情况； c.报告(reporting)——学生报告任务完成情况。3．语言聚焦(Language focus)：
a.分析(analysis)——学生通过录音分析其他各组执行任务的情况； b.操练(practice)——学生在教师指导下练习语言难点。
任务型的课堂教学中教师在教的过程中要做的首要环节就是呈现任务，如果教师不是在课堂教学一开始呈现任务，而是在知识学习和技能训练结束后再呈现并让学生完成，那么这就不是任务驱动型的教学过程，学生的学习动力就不如任务驱动过程中那么强烈。所以，真实运用任务的学习过程实际上就是课堂教学的过程。此时，学生就进入了参与任务的环节。任务环(Task-cycle)是实施任务型课堂教学的核心部分。
任务的完成是任务型教学程序的最后环节。在时机成熟时，教师就可以让学生围绕新知识点、突出主题进行迁移操练，学生通过完成任务学到的知识和形成的技能转化成在真实生活中运用英语的能力。
任务型教学法是吸收了以往多种教学法的优点而形成的，它和其它的教学法并不排斥。
优点
1.完成多种多样的任务活动，有助于激发学生的学习兴趣。
2.在完成任务的过程中，将语言知识和语言技能结合起来，有助于培养学生综合的语言运用能力。
3.促进学生积极参与语言交流活动，启发想像力和创造性思维，有利于发挥学生的主体性作用。
4.在任务型教学中有大量的小组或双人活动，每个人都有自己的任务要完成，可以更好地面向全体学生进行教学。
5.活动内容涉及面广，信息量大，有助于拓宽学生的知识面。
6.在活动中学习知识，培养人际交往、思考、决策和应变能力，有利于学生的全面发展。
7.在任务型教学活动中，在教师的启发下，每个学生都有独立思考、积极参与的机会，易于保持学习的积极性，养成良好的学习习惯，附： 任务型教学实例 任务：采访一位名人
目标：通过采访一位自己感兴趣的名人，掌握如何用所学语言获取信息的技能。材料：介绍某名人的文章或个人资料 话题：Weather, Friends 语言技能：Speaking, listening and writing 活动形式：四人小组活动 操作过程：
a：教师布置任务并提出具体要求。b：学生分小组讨论，确定采访对象。c：教师提供收集材料的样本。
d：学生分小组确定个人职责（采访对象、记者、记录员、听众、汇报员）并自制采访表。e：学生小组采用问答形式进行采访，记录员填写采访表。
f：小组汇报员向全班报告采访结果，教师和学生对采访作出评价。
g：根据采访获取的信息，各小组合作完成一篇200词左右的介绍某名人的短文。h：文章贴在班级黑板或墙上供交流。3.总结任务
对所完成的任务进一步分析、归纳、总结，形成正确的概念，进行有提升的语言运用操练。这一步主要分为两个环节。
（1）分析：通过相互交流，学生进一步分析各自完成任务的情况，教师和学生参与点评，使学生吸取别人好的经验和做法，修正和完善自己的思维和实践过程。
（2）操练：在分析的基础上，学生在教师的指导下练习语言难点。在这个过程中，教师要根据教学内容，围绕重点和难点设计一些口头或笔头的语言运用的情景和练习，让学生以个人或小组的形式进行语言操练。
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