第一篇：2009年浙江省高考英语真题点评.葛炳芳专题
2009年浙江省高考英语真题点评
(2009-08-29 16:14:46)点评人——
浙江省教育厅教研室特级教师葛炳芳
杭州十四中学校长特级教师邱锋
2009年浙江英语高考试卷虽在题型、总体结构等方面有所变化，英语听力提前单独考查，原150分的试卷，分值改为120分，但本次考试时间不变，因此，试卷结构除了“短文改错”大题的命题形式有所调整，删去了原卷中的“单词拼写”大题，词汇量要求增加以及对阅读量的调整(增加)外，其他基本没有变化。
立足基础文化立意
试卷立足稳定，严格依据《英语课程标准》、《英语教学指导意见》和《考试大纲》。试卷的词汇量要求增加，但不超纲，出现了如recommend，reliable，access，adopt等高中词汇。试卷阅读量稍大于去年。从总体上讲，试卷的信度、效度和区分度较好。试题的选材贴近生活，贴近时代，强调基础性和语用性。我省高中新课改后的第一份英语试卷对稳定中学英语教学、推进课程标准的实施起到了积极的导向作用。
立足基础：基于命题传统，题目设置规范，没有偏题、怪题。题型上严格遵守考试说明，努力命制好短文改错这一经过微调的大题。主要测试目标定在信息的获取、处理和传递等语言交际能力上。重视对考生逻辑推理和发散性思维能力的检测；强调英语基础知识和基本技能的有机结合。部分试题要求考生具备获取、归纳、加工信息的能力。
文化立意：较好地体现了新课程的教学理念，强调实际运用，强调语感和语用在语言学习中的作用，注重社会文化和价值取向，检测考生的人文素养和学习策略。即使是在单选题及完形填空中，考查修辞的试题也比过去有所增加。
关注能力强调综合
单项选择题考查重点突出，覆盖面广，没有出现偏、繁、旧的题目，而是将语言知识的考查放在具体的语境中进行考查。强调语言的实用性和交际性。如第3小题对非谓语动词的考查，仅靠反复操练是难以奏效的。有8个小题考查词义辨析，占40%。
完形填空以对弱势群体的关怀为题材，讲述了一群年轻人造访一座城市流浪人员的“住所”，引发了他们的思考，并发出了“不要绝望，要行动”的感叹。绝大部分挖空处综合考查理解能力、分析问题以及解决问题的能力。试题短文结构严谨，层次分明。干扰项的覆盖面大，设计周密。大多数选项都可与空前、空后文字形成某种搭配或关系，从不同程度和不同层次设置干扰。在词义辨析的基础上，还出现了对修辞的考查，如第27、28、37小题等。
阅读理解部分非常关注“国际视野中的共同情感”，也让考生答题时感到身心愉悦。五篇文章分别由“人文情感”(送花)、“分类广告”、“生物科技”(电子鼻)、“生活哲理之交际策略”(坏消息的转达)以及“社会价值观”(诺贝尔生物奖的归属)五个主题构成，体现了命题者对新课改中诸如情感、态度等维度的关注。注重考生对文本的深层次探究，凸现能力方面的考查。设问时，推理判断题占了较大比例，考查主旨大意的有3个小题，还有考查修辞的。任务型阅读要求考生在理解成功企业家“成功感言”的基础上，拟定对他们进行采访的话题，考查学生归纳、总结信息的能力。
短文改错题一改过去以行为单位的设问方式，只给出一篇104个词的短文，要求考生判断出文中的十处错误，并将其改正。由于这一形式在新课程高考中首次出现，因此难度相对以往会更高一些。但试题没有在设问上抬高门槛，考查的內容都是考生应该掌握的基础知识，检测其发现问题和解决问题的能力。
书面表达题要求考生以“学生记者”的身份写一则新闻报道，叙述学生志愿者去阳光敬老院的一次活动。试题有一定的开放性，要求考生说明“时间、地点、人物、活动”，叙述“老人们的反应”，也需要考生作出“简短评论”，对考生的语言运用能力和信息的组织能力有较高的要求。
自选模块的5、6小题充分体现了对学生理解信息、分析信息、处理信息和运用信息解决实际问题的综合能力的考查。
第二篇：高考英语真题2016
2016年高考英语试题全国卷Ⅱ（广东卷）笔试部分 试卷结构(2015-07-08 15:58:38)转载▼
标签： 2016年高考英语试题全 分类： 高考题库
2016年高考英语试题全国卷Ⅱ（广东卷）笔试部分 试卷结构 最新
（参考原2015上海，甘肃，内蒙，新疆，陕西，山东，湖北，河北通用卷）
本试题是根据《广东省教育厅关于广东省普通高考使用全国统一命题试卷的通知》（粤教考函〔2015〕24号）的精神编制。2016年高考英语试题全国卷Ⅱ（广东卷）笔试部分 试卷结构 最新
第Ⅰ卷
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分15分）略 第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。A My color television has given me nothing but a headache.I was able to buy it a little over a year ago because I had my relatives give me money for my birthday instead of clothes that wouldn’t fit.I let a salesclerk fool me into buying a discontinued model.I realized this a day later, when I saw newspaper advertisements for the set at seventy-five dollars less than I had paid.The set worked so beautiful when I first got it home that I would keep it on until stations signed off for the night.Fortunately, I didn’t get any channels showing all-night movies or I would never have gotten to bed.Then I started developing a problem with the set that involved static(静电)noise.For some reason, when certain shows switched into a commercial, a loud noise would sound for a few seconds.Gradually, this noise began to appear during a show, and to get rid of it, I had to change to another channel and then change it back.Sometimes this technique would not work, and I had to pick up the set and shake it to remove the sound.I actually began to build up my arm muscles(肌肉)shaking my set.When neither of these methods removed the static noise, I would sit helplessly and wait for the noise to go away.At last I ended up hitting the set with my first, and it stopped working altogether.My trip to the repair shop cost me $62, and the sit is working well now, but I keep expecting more trouble.21.Why did the author say he was fooled into buying the TV set? A.He got an older model than he had expected.B.He couldn’t return it when it was broken.C.He could have bought it at a lower price.D.He failed to find any movie shows on it.22.Which of the following an best replace the phrase “signed off” in paragraph 1? A.ended all their programs
B.provided fewer channels C.changed to commercials
D.showed all-night movies 23.How did the author finally get this TV set working again? A.By shaking and hitting it
B.By turning it on and off C.By switching channels
D.By having it repaired 24.How does the author sound when telling the story?
A.Curious
B.Anxious
C.Cautious
D.Humorous B Your house may have an effect on your figure.experts say the way you design your home could play a role in whether you pack on the pounds or keep them off.you can make your environment work for you instead of against you.Here are some ways to turn your home into part of your diet plan.Open the curtains and turn up the lights.dark environments are more likely to encourage overeating, for people are often less self-conscious(难为情)when they’re in poorly lit places – and so more likely to eat lots of food.If your home doesn’t have enough window light, get more lamps and flood the place with brightness.Mind the colors.Research suggests warm colors fuel our appetites.In one study, people who ate meals in a blue room consumed 33 percent less than those in a yellow or red room.Warm colors like yellow make food appear more appetizing, while cold colors make us less hungry.So when it’s time to repaint, go blue.Don’t forget the clock – or the radio.People who eat slowly tend to consume about 70 fewer calories(卡路里)per meal than those who rush through their meals.Begin keeping track of the time, and try to make dinner last at 30 minutes.And while you’re at it, actually sit down to eat.If you need some help slowing down, turning on relaxing music.It makes you less likely to rush through a meal.Downsize the dishes.Big serving bowls and plants can easily makes us fat.We eat about 22 percent more when using a 12-inch plate instead of a 10-inch plate.When we choose a large spoon over a smaller one, total intake(摄入)jumps by 14 percent.And we’ll pour about 30 percent more liquid into a short, wide glass than a tall, skinny glass.25.The text is especially helpful for those who care about ____.A.their home comforts
B.their body shape C.house buying
D.healthy diets 26.A home environment in blue can help people ____.A.digest food better
B.reduce food intake C.burn more calories
D.regain their appetites 27.What are people advised to do at mealtimes? A.Eat quickly.B.Play fast music C.Use smaller spoons
D.Turn down the lights 28.What can be a suitable title for the text? A.Is Your House Making You Fat?
B.Ways of Serving Dinner C.Effects of Self-Consciousness
D.Is Your Home Environment Relaxing? C More students than ever before are taking a gap year(间隔年)before going to university.It used to be the “year off” between school and university.The gap-year phenomenon originated(起源)with the months left over to Oxbridge applicants between entrance exams in November and the start of the next academic year.This year, 25,310 students who have accepted places in higher education institutions have put off their entry until next year, according to statistics on university entrance provided by the University and College Admissions Service(UCAS).That is a record 14.7% increase in the number of students taking a gap year.Tony Higgins from UCAS said that the statistics are good news for everyone in higher education.“Students who take a well-planned year out are more likely to be satisfied with, and complete, their chosen course.Students who take a gap year are often more mature and responsible,” he said.But not everyone is happy.Owain James, the president of the National Union of Students(NUS), argued that the increase is evidence of student hardship – young people are being forced into earning money before finishing their education.“New students are now aware that they are likely to leave university up to￡15,000 in debt.It is not surprising that more and more students are taking a gap year to earn money to support their study for the degree.NUS statistics show that over 40% of students are forced to work during term time and the figure increases to 90% during vacating periods,” he said.29.What do we learn about the gap year from the text? A.It is flexible in length.B.It is a time for relaxation C.It is increasingly popular D.It is required by universities 30.According to Tony Higgins.students taking a gap year ____.A.are better prepared for college studies B.know a lot more about their future job C.are more likely to leave university in debt D.have a better chance to enter top universities 31.How does Owain James feel about the gap-year phenomenon? A.He’s puzzled B.He’s worried C.He’s surprised D.He’s annoyed
32.What would most students do on their vacation according to NUS statistics? A.Attend additional courses.B.Make plans for the new term C.Earn money for their education D.Prepare for their graduate studies
D Choose Your One-Day-Tours!Tour AOxford & Startford including entrance fees to the University St Mary's Church Tower and Anne Hathaway's-￡32 until 12 March and ￡36 thereafter Oxford: Includes a guided tour of England's oldest university city and colleges.Look over the “city of dreaming spires(尖顶）”from St Mary’s Church Tower.Stratford: Includes a guided tour exploring much of the Shakespeare wonder.Tour C-Windsor Castle &Hampton Court including entrance fees to Hampton Court Palace-￡34 until 11 March and ￡37 thereafter.Includes a guided tour of Windsor and Hampton Court, Henry VILL's favorite palace.Free time to visit Windsor Castle(entrance fees not included).With 500 years of history, Hampton Court was once the home of four Kings and one Queen.Now this former royal palace is open to the public as a major tourist attraction.Visit the palace and its various historic gardens, which include the famous maze(迷宫)where it is easy to get lost!Tour D-Cambridge including entrance fees to the Tower of Saint Mary the Great-￡33 until 18 March and ￡37 thereafter.Includes a guided tour of Cambridge, the famous university town, and the gardens of the 18th century.33.Which tour will you choose if you want to see England’s oldest university city? A.Tour A B.Tour B C.Tour C D.Tour D 34.Which of the following tours charges the lowest fee on 17 March? A.Windsor Castle & Hampton Court B.Oxford & Stratford C.Bath & Stonehenge D.Cambridge 35.Why is Hampton Court a major tourist attraction? A.It used to be the home of royal families B.It used to be a well-known maze C.It is the oldest palace in Britain D.It is a world-famous castle 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Training for a marathon requires careful preparation and steady, gradual increases in the length of the runs.36 , buy the best-fitting running shoes you can find.No one can say which brand will work best for you or feel best on your feet, so you have to rely on your experience and on the feel of each pair as you shop.When you have found shoes that seem right, walk in them for a few days to double-check the fit.37
.As always, you should stretch(伸展)at least ten minutes before each run to prevent injuries.During the first week, do not think about distance, but run five minutes longer each day.38 , it is wise to take a day off to rest.But during the next week, set a goal of at least a mile and a half per run.39
.After two weeks, start timing yourself.40
.Depending on the kind of race you plan to enter, you can set up a timetable for the remaining weeks before the race.A.After six days B.For a good marathon runner C.Before you begin your training D.With each day, increase the distance by a half mile E.If they still feel good, you can begin running in them F.Time spent for preparation raises the quality of training G.Now you are ready out a goal of improving distance and time 第三部分
英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1．5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A, B, C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Where do you go when you want to learn something? School? A friend? A tutor? These are all
places of learning.But it may well be that the learning you really want
somewhere else instead.I had the
of seeing this first hand on a
44.My daughter plays on a recreational soccer team.They did well this season and so
a tournament, which normally was only for more skilled club teams.This led to some 46 experiences on Saturday as they played against teams
trained.Through the first two games, her
did not get one serious shot on goal.As a parent, I
seeing my daughter playing her best，50
still defeated.It seemed that something clicked with the
between Saturday and Sunday.When they
for their Sunday game, they were
different.They had begun to integrate(融合)the kinds of play and teamwork they had
the day before into their
55.They played aggressively and
scored a goal.It
me that playing against the other team was a great
moment for all the girls on the team.I think it is a general principle.59
is the best teacher.The lessons they learned may not be
what they would have gotten in school, but are certainly more personal and meaningful, because they had to work them out on their own.41.A.public
B.traditional
C.official
D.special 42.A.passes
B.works
C.lies
43.A.dream
C.habit
44.A.trip
C.weekend
45.A.won
C.organized
46.A.painful
C.common
47.A.less
C.newly
48.A.fans
C.class
49.A.imagined C.avoided
50.A.if
C.but
D.ends
D.chance
D.square
D.watched
D.practical
D.better
D.team
D.missed
D.as
B.idea
B.holiday
B.entered
B.strange
B.poorly
B.tutors
B.hated
B.or
51.A.girls
B.parents
C.coaches
D.viewers 52.A.dressed
B.showed up
C.made up
D.planned 53.A.slightly
B.hardly
C.basically
D.completely 54.A.seen
B.known
C.heard
D.read 55.A.styles
B.training
C.game
D.rules 56.A.even
B.still
C.seldom
D.again 57.A.confused
B.struck
C.reminded
D.warned 58.A.touching
B.thinking
C.encouraging
D.learning 59.A.Experience
B.Independence
C.Curiosity
D.Interest 60.A.harmful to
B.mixed with
C.different from
D.applied to 第二节 语篇填空（共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
The adobe dwellings(土坯房)61（build）by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even
most modern of architects and engineers.In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their
(able)to “air condition” a house without
64(use)electric equipment.Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat
65(slow)during cool nights, thus warming the house.When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough
(cool)the house during the hot day;67
the same time, they warm up again for the night.This cycle
(go)day after day: The walls warm up during the day and cool off during the night and are thus always a timely offset(抵消)for the outside temperatures.As
(nature)architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly
thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.第Ⅱ卷
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分35分）
第二节
短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词作斜线（）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
One day , little Tony went to a shopping center with his parent.It was very crowded.Tony saw a toy on a shop window.He liked it so very much that he quickly walked into the shop.After looks at the toy for some time, he turned around and found where his parents were missing.Tony was scared and begun to cry.A woman saw him drying and telling him to wait outside a shop.Five minutes later, Tony saw parents.Mom said,“How nice to see you again!Dad and I were terrible worried.” Tony promised her that this would never happen again.第二节 书面表达（满分25分）
86.假如你是李华，计划和同学去敬老院（nursing home）陪老人们国重阳节（the Double Ninth Festival）。请给外教Lucy写封邮件，邀她一同前往，内容包括： 1.出发及返回时间；
2.活动：包饺子、表演节目等。注意：
1.词数100左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； 3.结语已为你写好。
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Looking forward to your reply.Yours Li Hua
【参考答案】 【答案】 21.C 22.A 23.D 24.D 22.A 词义推测题。根据后一句，幸运的是，我不用整晚上看电影了，否则我不能睡觉了，故选A。
23.D 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段，可知作者修电视机花了62美元，故选D。
24.D推理判断题。根据开头说：没有电视节目就可以睡觉，中间还说晃动电视来锻炼肌肉，可知作者语调幽默。故选D。考点：故事类短文阅读
【答案】 25.B 26.B 27.C 28.A 26.B 细节理解题。根据第三段第二句话in one study,......可知在蓝色的房间内人吃的相对较少。
27.C 推理判断题。最后一段介绍，要想少吃，要用小碗小勺，前面介绍说到，吃得快，房间暗会增加饮食，放舒缓的音乐有助于减少饮食的速度和进食量。故选C。
28.A主旨大意题。根据开头的后文可知，本文就房间的布置给那些想减肥的人士提了一些建议。所以选A可以更好地概括全文。
考点：科普类短文阅读
【答案】 29.C 30.A 31.B 32.C 30.A 细节理解题。由人名定位到短文第三段。第三段在说它的优点，有间隔年之后再去上大学，会让人更成熟有责任感，对大学的学习有帮助。故选A。考点：社会社会类短文阅读
【答案】 33.B 34.D 35.A 34.D细节理解题。根据每一部分的价格介绍：Tour A到3月17日为￡37，Tour B为￡36，Tour C为￡37，Tour D为￡33，故选D。
35.A细节理解题。根据Hampton was once the home of four Kings and one Queen判断答案为A。考点：广告类短文阅读。
【答案】 36.C 37.E 38.A 39.D 40.G 37.E考查对上下文的理解。上文提到：穿着鞋走走路以确保合适，下文提到跑。所以这里应该说如果穿着的感觉很好，就可以跑了。故选E。
38.A考查对上下文的理解。上文提到练习的第一周怎么做，下文提到第二周，所以这里应该是练习一周后稍做休息，一周是6天，故选A。
39.D考查对上下文的理解。这里在讨论逐渐加长跑步的距离，每天增加一定的距离才合理，故选D。
40.G考查对上下文的理解。最后是提速。在规定的距离内如何训练自己跑得快。这样才能参加比赛。故选G。考点：生活类短文阅读。
【答案】 41.B 42.C 43.D 44.C 45.B 46.A 47.D 48.D 49.B 50.C 51.A 52.B 53.D 54.A 55.C 56.A 57.B 58.D 59.A 60.C 42.C考查动词以及对语境的理解。A.passes传递；B.works起作用；C.lies在于； D.ends结束。本句应该分析句子结构：the learning 后是定语从句you really want，所以这里所填的是做谓语的动词。真正想要的学习却不在上述的这些地方，在其他的地方。故选C。
43.D考查名词以及对语境的理解。A.dream梦想；B.idea想法；C.habit习惯；D.chance机会。我有机会看到了这样的学习。44.C考查名词以及对语境的理解。A.trip旅行；B.holiday假期；C.weekend周末；D.square广场。从下文的周六的比赛会很艰苦和It seemed that something clicked with the
between Saturday and Sunday.可知，是周末发生的事。
45.B考查动词以及对语境的理解。A.won赢；B.entered进入；C.organized组织；D.watched观看。从下文可知，女儿所在的足球队打得好所以进入了锦标赛。
46.A考查形容词以及对语境的理解。A.painful痛苦的；B.strange奇怪的；C.common普通的；D.practical 实用的。由语境可知，对手比作者女儿的队better trained，可以推断这将是一场痛苦的比赛。
47.D考查副词以及对语境的理解。A.less少于；B.poorly差的；C.newly新的；D.better更好的。根据常识可知，进入锦标赛的一般都是训练更好的队伍。
48.D考查名词以及对语境的理解。A.fans粉丝；B.tutors教练；C.class班；D.team队。根据上下文可知，是女儿所在的足球队没进球得分。49.B考查动词以及对语境的理解。A.imagined想象；B.hated不喜欢；
C.avoided避免；D.missed想念，错过。作为家长，一般都不会喜欢看自己的孩子尽力了，又要输。
50.C考查连词以及对语境的理解。A.if 如果；B.or或者；C.but但是；D.as因为。根据上文可知，没进球，自己的孩子尽力了却要输，这是作为家长所不愿意看到的。
51.A考查名词以及对语境的理解。A.girls女孩；B.parents家长；C.coaches教练；D.viewers观众。本文一直在说女儿，当然应该是说女孩子们的变化。
52.B考查动词以及对语境的理解。A.dressed给„„穿衣服；B.showed up出现；C.made up编造；D.planned计划。从下文可知，周日和周六的表现完全不同。
53.D考查副词以及对语境的理解。A.slightly轻微地；B.hardly几乎不；C.basically基本地；D.completely完全地；根据后面文章可知，这些孩子们表现和之前完全不同，completely符合语境。54.A考查动词以及对语境的理解。A.seen看；B.known
知道；C.heard听到；D.read读。她们把她们所看到的球队的打法运用到自己的比赛中。
55.C考查名词以及对语境的理解。A.styles风格；B.training
训练；C.game比赛；D.rules规则。她们把前一天在赛场上看到的打法和团队精神运用到自己的赛场上。所以才和以前不同。59.A考查名词以及对语境的理解。A.Experience经历；B.Independence独立；C.Curiosity好奇；D.Interest兴趣。结合全文的意思可知，经历是最好的老师。
60.C考查动词以及对语境的理解。A.harmful to对„„有伤害；B.mixed with混合；C.different from不同；D.applied to应用于。亲身体验得到的东西和在学校里学到的可能不同，但是更有个性有意义。
考点：教育类短文阅读。
【答案】 61.built 62.the 63.ability 64.using 65.slowly 66.to cool 67.at 68.goes 69.natural 70.how 64.using
介词without后接动名词use去掉字母e再加-ing。65.slowly 用slow的副词形式slowly修饰动词give out.66.to cool 形容词加enough后接不定式。67.at
at the same time是固定词组。
68.goes
根据上下文，此处用一般现在时态。这种循环日复一日。
69.natural 形容词做定语修饰名词architects。
70.how 根据句意，应用how修饰形容词thick，连接宾语从句。考点：语法填空。
【答案】
71.parent改为parents 72.on改为in 73.very去掉 74.looks改为looking 75.where改为that 或者去掉 where 76.begun改为began 77.telling改为told 78.a改为the 79.saw后加his 80.terrible改为terribly 【解析】
试题分析：本文讲述了小男孩Tony和父母上街购物，街上人多，Tony没有告诉父母就独自进了一家商店，结果和父母走散，后来在街上又得以相见的故事。71.parent改为parents 看下文可知，是父母两个，所以用parents。72.on改为in Tony走进商店，说明玩具在橱窗里面，用in。73.very去掉
这里是“如此喜欢以至于”的意思，应该是：like so much that„.74.looks改为looking after之后跟从句或v-ing形式，故looks改为looking。
75.where改为that 或者去掉 where found后面的宾语从句是陈述句，故where改为that或者去掉where。
76.begun改为began and前后的谓语动词时态要一致，故begun改为began。
77.telling改为told and前后的谓语动词时态要一致，see和tell是并列谓语，故telling改为told。
78.a改为the 由上下文可知，此处shop是第二次出现，应该用定冠词，故a改为the。
79.saw后加his 由上下文可知，他看到的是他的父母，故 saw后加his。
80.terrible改为terribly 修饰形容词worried要用副词，故 terrible改为terribly。考点：语法填空。
Dear Lucy, I’d like to invite you to join us for a visit to the nearby nursing home next Saturday for the Double Ninth Festival.It is the day for the elderly in our culture.We’ll go and make dumplings and cakes with the elderly people there.We’ll also spend some fun time together singing, dancing and playing games, which we hope will make them happy.We should be back around 4 o’clock in the afternoon.If you are able to come with us, please let us know and we’ll wait for you at the gate at 9 in the morning.Looking forward to your reply.Yours Li Hua 【解析】
试题分析：本篇书面表达属于英文书信，根据提示信息说明邀请Lucy去参加的活动和时间等。写作时注意以下几点：
1、仔细阅读有关提示，弄清试题提供的所有信息，明确三个要点：邀请、时间、具体活动。
2、提纲是文章的总体框架，要在提纲的范围内进行分析、构思和想象。要依据提示情景或词语，按照一定逻辑关系来写。本文写作时可以按照要点所给的顺序写。
3、根据要表达的内容确定句子的时态、语态；就本文而言应该用一般将来时态。4.注意使用高级词汇和句式，以增加文章的亮点。【亮点说明】本文结构紧凑，层次分明。We’ll also spend some fun time together singing, dancing and playing games, which we hope will make them happy.中用了which引导的定语从句和句式spend time doing。此外，还有if从句以及一些短语如invite you to join us，for a visit to，make dumplings等。考点：考查提纲作文。
第三篇：葛炳芳等 高中英语阅读教学新范式
葛炳芳等
高中英语阅读教学新范式
2016年11月14—18日，浙江省教育厅教研室葛炳芳老师组织了“2016年浙江省高中英语阅读教研成果推广培训”。葛炳芳老师和他的团队长期致力于中学英语阅读教学的研究。自2010年起，他们以课题研究为载体进行了三轮为期六年的阅读教学改进行动研究，形成了“英语阅读教学综合视野”的理论。课题组的研究成果“基于综合视野的英语阅读教学改进行动”被评为“2016年浙江省基础教育教学成果奖”一等奖，并出版了“英语教师阅读教学研究丛书”三套共计15本。
本次培训以“‘综合视野’下的高中英语阅读教研：体验教学改进的过程”为主题，基于葛炳芳的团队所取得的高中英语阅读教学研究成果，以三轮研究的子课题组长的讲座和阅读课堂教学改进为核心内容。讲座兼顾阅读教学研究过程感悟和阅读教学的主题——信息加工、思维培养、语言学习、策略习得、文本解读、读后活动设计等，课堂教学改进分两轮完成，葛老师称之为“历时同课异构”。每一轮开课前有充分的研讨，聚焦文本解读和教学目标的设定，每一轮的研讨课后有分组集体议课并提出改进思路和建议，所有学员积极参与讨论和交流，之后是大组发言交流和特级教师专业点评。活动结束后，研训活动的主办方、开课教师和听课教师都积极反思。本刊特从众多反思文章中，选登了本组文章。第一板块本组文章的第一个板块，是活动主办方、浙江省教育厅教研室英语教研员、特级教师葛炳芳老师的文章。读者可以从中看到浙江省近十年来特别是本次研训活动对阅读教学的关注和对在职教师研训活动的实践。
葛老师介绍了培训达成的三点共识：（1）需要进一步强调和落实“文本解读是阅读教学的逻辑起点”这一理念。（2）“英语阅读教学的综合视野”强调英语阅读教学是有机平衡信息加工、思维培养和语言学习的综合的过程。（3）有效的教学研究和培训应当基于“真问题”策划研训活动，以一线教师真实的关切为研讨对象，要有实实在在的研训过程体验。第二板块第二个板块，是四位参与研训活动的教师所写的参训反思，聚焦参训教师对培训方式和培训主题的感悟。浙江省台州市第一中学靳燕老师以《体验式培训：教师专业成长的助推器》为题，讲述了她参与本次培训的过程及其给自己的专业成长带来的触动，认为这种由学员自主选择、又有机会参与过程体验的培训能够点燃教师的学习热情进而促进一线教师的专业成长。
浙江省海盐第二高级中学张怡婷老师《高中英语教研成果推广培训助力基层教师成长》一文认为，这种参与式培训的过程感和体验感能激励教师不断钻研，帮助教师更新教师教学理念，提高教学和科研水平，提升个人修养。
浙江省台州市路桥中学李慧敏老师执教了其中一堂研讨课。她在活动结束后撰写了《英语阅读教学中的主线设计的六个关注点：一堂研究课的启示》一文，特别关注了主线的“灵魂”作用及其在综合视野下的阅读课堂中的重要地位，总结了主线设计的六大关注点：辨识文本的标题和小标题；关注文本的插图和图表；立足文本的体裁结构；抓住文本的核心词；理顺文本的问题链；设计文本的思维导图。浙江省宁波效实中学李丹丹老师在听了一位老师的上课并积极参与集体讨论的基础上，聚焦文学阅读教学目标和课堂活动的设计，并在培训结束后又作了一次教学改进，写成了《综合视野下英语文学阅读课的目标定位与活动设计》一文。她认为，教师应该基于学情精选篇章，系统规划文学课程；文学阅读的问题和活动设计应利于促进学生高级思维的发展；文学教学要关注阅读策略和阅读习惯的培养，兼顾人文性和趣味性。第三板块第三个板块呈现的是一个比较完整的课例研究。《综合视野下高中英语文学作品赏读课中的“三个追寻”》的三位作者，钱虹燕老师是Sir Gawain and the Green Knight一文的第一位执教者，陈钰萍老师是在钱老师开课的基础上进行改进后的执教者，特级教师戴军熔老师是这两堂课的指导教师。此文记录了本课例改进全过程中的关键细节和思考，聚焦文学文本的课堂教学，并对此类课型进行了理论思考，提出了高中英语文学作品赏读课中的“三个追寻”，即追寻基于文体特征的语篇分析、追寻基于生本立场的阅读体验、追寻基于综合视野的文本赏读。” 作者简介
第四篇：2018北京高考英语真题
2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试
英语(北京卷)
第一部分:知识运用(共两节,45分)第一节单项填空(共15小题;每小题1分,共15分)从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项, 并在答题卡上:将该项涂黑。
例： it's so nice to hearfrom her again＿＿，we last met more than thirty years ago.A.what's more B.That’s to say C.In other words D.Believe it or not 答案是D。
1.-Hi, I'm Peter.Are you new here? I haven't seen you around？-Hello, Peter.I'm Bob.I just＿＿on Monday.A.start B.have started C.started D.had started 2.＿＿we don't stop climate change, many animals and plants in the world will begone.A.Although B.While C.If D.Until 3.＿＿along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience A.Travel B.Traveling C.Having traveled D.Traveled 4.Susanhad quit her well-paid job and ＿＿as a volunteer in the neighborhood.when I visited her last year A.is working B.was working C.has worked D.had worked 5.She and her family bicycle to work,helps them keep fit A.which B.who C.as D.that 6.During the Mid-Autumn Festival, family members often gather together＿＿a meal, admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes.A.share B.to share C.having shared D.shared 7.China's high-speed railways from 9,000 to 25,000 kilometers in the pastfew years.A.are growing B.have grown C.will grow D.had grown 8.In any unsafe situation, simply＿＿the button and a highly-trained agent willget you the help you need.A.press B.to press C.pressing D.pressed 9.A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who＿＿in themountains fortwo days.A.are trapping B.have been trapped C.were trapping D.had been trapped 10.Ordinary soap, ＿＿correctly, can dealwith bacteria effectively.A.used B.to use C.using D.use 11.Without his support, we wouldn't be＿＿we are now.A.how B.when C.where D.why 12.In today's information age, the loss of data＿＿cause serious problems for acompany.A.need B.should C.can D.must 13.They might have found a better hotel ifthey＿＿a few more kilometers.A.drove B.would drive C.were to drive D.had driven 14.-Good morning, Mr.lee's office.-Good morning.I'd like to make an appointment＿＿next Wednesday afternoon.A.for B.on C.in D.at 15.This is＿＿my father has taught me-to always face difficulties and hope forthe best.A.how B.which C.the D.what
第二节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，共30分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
The Homeless Hero
For many，finding an unattended wallet filled with £400 in cash would be a source（来源）of temptation（诱惑）.But the 16would no doubt be greater if you wereliving on the streets with little food and money.All of this makes the actions ofthe homeless Tom Smith 17 more remarkable.After spotting a 18 on the front seat inside a parked car with its windowdown，he stood guard in the rain for about two hourswaiting for the 19 to return.After hours in the cold and wet, he 20 inside and pulled the wallet outhoping to find some ID so he could contact（联系）the driver，only to 21 it contained £400 in notes，with another £50 in spare change beside it.He then took the wallet to a nearby police station after 22 a note behind tolet the owner know it was safe.When the car’s owner John Anderson and his colleagueCarol Lawrence returned to thecar-which was itself worth £35，000—in Glasgowcitycentre，they were 23 to find two policemen standing next to it.Thepolicemen told them what Mr.Smith did and that the wallet was 24.The pair were later able to thank Mr.Smith for his25.Mr.Anderson said：““I couldn’t believe that the guy never took a penny.To think heis sleeping on the streets tonight 26 he could have stolen the money and paidfor a place to stay in.This guy hasnothing and 27he didn't take the wallet forhimself；he thought about others 28 it’s unbelievable.It just proves thereare 29 guys out there.”
Mr.smith’s act 30 much of the public’s attention.He also won praise fromsocial media users after Mr.Anderson 31 about the act of kindness onFacebook.Now Mr.Anderson has set up an online campaign to 32 money for Mr.Smith and other homeless people in the area, which byyesterday had received ￡8,000.“Ithink the faith that everyone has shown 33 him has touched him.People have beenapproaching him in the street;he's ha I job 34 and all sorts, ”Mr.Andersoncommented.For Mr.Smith, this is a possible life-changing 35.The story once againtells us that one good turn deserves another.16.A.hope B.aim C.urge D.effort 17.A.still B.even C.ever D.once 18.A.wallet B.bag C.box D.parcel 19.A.partner B.colleague C.owner D.policeman 20.A.turned B.hid C.stepped D.reached 21.A.discover B.collect C.check D.believe 22.A.taking B.leaving C.reading D.writing 23.A.satisfied B.excited C.amused D.shocked 24.A.safe B.missing C.found D.seen 25.A.service B.support C.kindness D.encouragement 26.A.when B.if C.where D.because 27.A.rather B.yet C.already D.just 28.A.too B.though C.again D.instead 29.A.honest B.polite C.rich D.generous 30.A.gave B.paid C.cast D.drew 31.A.learned B.posted C.cared D.heard 32.A.borrow B.raise C.save D.earn 33.A.of B.at C.for D.in 34.A.details B.changes C.offers D.applications 35.A.lesson B.adventure C.chance D.challenge
第二部分:阅读理解(共两节,40分)第一节(共15小题:每小题2分,共30分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最仁选项,并 在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
My First Marathon(马拉松)A month before my first marathon, one of my ankles was injured and this meant not running for two weeks, leaving me only two weeks to train.Yet, I was determined to go ahead.I remember back to my 7th year in school.In my first P.E.class, the teacher required us to run laps and then hit a softball.I didn't do either well.He later informedme that I was“ not athletic”.The idea that I was”not athletic“stuck with me for years.When I started runningin my 30s，I realized running was a battle against myself, not about competition orwhether or not I was athletic.It was all about the battle against my own body and mind.A test of wills!The night before my marathon, I dreamt that I couldn't even find the finish line.Iwoke up sweating and nervous, but ready to prove something to myself.Shortly after crossing the start line, my shoe laces(鞋带)became untied.So Istopped to readjust.Not the start I wanted！
At mile3, I passed a sign:“ GO FOR IT, RUNNERS!”
By mile 17, I became out of breath and the once injured ankle hurt badly.Despitethe pain, I stayed the course walking a bit and then running again.By mile 21, I was starving！
As I approached mile 23, I could see my wife waving a sign.She is my biggest fan.She never minded the alarm clock sounding at 4 a.m.or questioned my expenses onrunning.I was one of the final runners to finish.But I finished!And I got a medal.In fact, Igot the same medal as the one that the guy who came in first place had.Determined to be myself， move forward, free of shame and worldly labels(世俗标签)，I can now call myself a”marathon winner”.36.A month before the marathon, the author.A.was well trained B.felt scared C.made up his mind to run D.Lost hope 37.Why did the author mention the P.E.class in his 7th year? A.To acknowledge the support of his teacher.B.To amuse the readers with a funny story.C.To show he was not talented in sports.D.To share a precious memory.38.How was the author's first marathon? A.He made it.B.He quit halfway.C.He got the first prize.D.He walked to the end.39.What does the story mainly tell us? A.Aman owes his success to his family support.B.A winner is one with a great effort of will.C.Failure is the mother of success.D.One is never too old to learn.B Find Your Adventure at the Space and Aviation(航空)Center If you're looking for a unique adventure, the Space and Aviation Center(SAC)is the place to be.The Center offers programs designed to challenge and inspire with hands-on tasks and lots of fun.More than 750,000 have graduated from SAC, with many seeking employment in engineering, aviation,education, medicine and a wide variety of other professions.They come to camp, wanting to know what it is like to be an astronaut or a pilot, and they leave with real-world applications for what they're studying in the classroom.For the trainees，the programs also offer a great way to earn merit badges(荣誉徽章).At Space Camp, trainees can earn their Space Exploration badge as they build andfire model rockets, learn about space tasks and try simulated(模拟)flying to space withthe crew from all over the world.The Aviation Challenge program gives trainees the chance to earn their Aviation badge.They learn the principles of flight and test theiroperating skills in the cockpit(驾驶舱)of a variety of flight simulators.Trainees alsoget a good start on their Wilderness Survival badge as they learn about water-and land-survival through designed tasks and their search and rescue of “downed“pilot.With all the programs, teamwork is key as trainees learn the importance ofleadership and being part of a bigger task.All this fun is available for ages 9 to 18.Families can enjoy the experience together,too, with Family Camp programs for families with children as young as 7.Stay an hour or stay a week--there is something here for everyone!For more details，please visit us online atwww.xiexiebang.com.40.Why do people come to SAC? A.To experience adventures.B.To look for jobs in aviation.C.To get a degree in engineering.D.To learn more about medicine.41.To earn a Space Exploration badge, a trainee needs to.A.fly to space.B.get an Aviation badge first.C.study the principles of flight.D.build and fire model rockets.42.What is the most important for trainees? A.Leadership.B.Team spirit.C.Task planning.D.Survival skills.C
Plastic-Eating Worms Humans produce more than 300 million tons of plastic every year.Almost half of that winds up in landfills(垃圾填埋场)，and up to 12 million tons pollute the oceans.qSo farthere is no effective way to get rid of it, but a new studysuggests an answer may lie in the stomachs of some hungry worms.Researchers in Spain and England recently found that the worms of the greater waxmoth can break down polyethylene, which accounts for 40% of plastics.The team left100 wax worms on a commercial polyethylene shopping bag for 12 hours, and theworms consumed and broke down about 92 milligrams, or almost 3% of it.To confirmthat the worms' chewing alone was notresponsible for the polyethylene breakdown, the researchers made some worms into paste(糊状物)and applied it to plastic films.14hours later the films had lost 13%of their mass--apparently broken down by enzymes(酶)from the worms'stomachs.Their findings were published in Current Biology in2017.Federica Bertocchini, co-author of the study, says the worms'ability to break downtheir everydayfood-beeswax--also allows them to break down plastic ”Wax is acomplex mixture, but the basic bond in polyethylene, the carbon-carbon bond, is there as well, “she explains.”The wax worm evolved a method or system to break this bond.“ Jennifer Debruyn, a microbiologist at the University of Tennessee, who was notinvolved in the study, says it is not surprising that such worms can break downpolyethylene.But compared with previous studies, she finds the speed of breakingdown in this one exciting.The next step, DeBruyn says, will be to identify the cause ofthe breakdown.Is it an enzyme produced by the worm itself or by its gut microbes(肠道微生物)? Bertocchini agrees and hopes her team’s findings might one day help employ theenzyme to break down plastics in landfills.But she expects using the chemical in somekind of industrial process-not simply”millions of worms thrown on top of the plastic.”
43.What can we learn about the worms in the study? A.They take plastics as their everyday food.B.They are newly evolved creatures.C.They can consume plastics.D.They wind up in landfills.44.According to Jennifer DeBruyn, the next step of the study is to.A.identify other means of the breakdown B.find out the source of the enzyme C.confirm the research findings D.increase the breakdown speed 45.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that the chemical might.A.help to raise worms B.help make plastic bags C.be used to clean the oceans D.be produced in factories in future 46.What is the main purpose of the passage? A.To explain a study method on worms.B.To introduce the diet of a special worm.C.To present a way to break down plastics.D.To propose new means to keep eco-balance.D
Preparing Cities for Robot Cars The possibility of self-driving robot cars has often seemed like a futurist's dream,years away from materializing in the real world.Well, the future is apparently now.TheCalifornia Department of Motor Vehicles began giving permits in April for companiesto test truly self-driving cars on public roads.The state also cleared the way for companies to sell or rent out self-driving cars, and for companies to operate driverless taxi services.California, it should be noted, isn't leading the way here.Companies have been testing their vehicles in cities across the country.It's hard to predict when driverless cars will be everywhere on our roads.But however long it takes, the technology has the potential to change our transportation systems and our cities, for better or for worse, depending on how the transformation is regulated.While much of the debate so far has been focused on the safety of driverless cars(and rightfully so), policymakers also should be talking about how self-driving vehicles can help reduce traffic jams, cut emissions(排放)and offer more convenient, affordable mobility options.The arrival of driverless vehicles is a chance to make sure that those vehicles are environmentally friendly and more shared.Do we want to copy-or even worsen-the traffic of today with driverless cars?Imagine a future where most adults own individual self-driving vehicles.They tolerate long, slow journeys to and from work on packed highways because they can work,entertain themselves or sleep on the ride, which encourages urban spread.They taketheir driverless car to an appointment and set the empty vehicle to circle the building to avoid paying for parking.Instead of walking a few blocks to pick up a child or the dry cleaning, they send the self-driving minibus.The convenience even leads fewer people to take public transport——an unwelcome side effect researchers have already found in ride-hailing(叫车)services.A study from the University of California at Davis suggested that replacing petrol-powered private cars worldwide with electric, self-driving and shared systems could reduce carbon emissions from transportation 80% and cut the cost of transportation infrastructure(基础设施)and operations40%by2050.Fewer emissions and cheaper travel sound pretty appealing.The first commercially available driverless cars will almost certainly be fielded by ride-hailing services, considering the cost of self-driving technology as well as liability and maintenance issues(责任与维护问题).But driverless car ownership could increase as the prices drop and more people become comfortable with the technology.Policymakers should start thinking now about how to make sure the appearance ofdriverless vehicles doesn't extend the worst aspects of the car-controlled transportationsystem we have today.The coming technological advancement presents a chance forcities and states to develop transportation systems designed to move more people，and more affordably.The car of the future is coming.We just have to plan for it.47.According to the author，attention should be paid to how driverless cars can__________.A.help deal with transportation-related problems B.provide better services to customers C.cause damage toour environment D.make some people lose jobs 48.As for driverless cars，what is the author's major concern？ A.Safety.B.Side effects.C.Affordability.D.Management.49.What does the underlined word “fielded” in Paragraph 4 probably mean？
A.Employed.B.Replaced.C.Shared.D.Reduced.50.What is the author's attitude to the future of self-driving cars？ A.Doubtful.B.Positive.C.Disapproving.D.Sympathetic
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Why Do We Get Angry？
Anger seems simple when we are feeling it，but the causes of anger are various.Knowing these causes can make us examine our behavior，and correct bad habits.The main reasons we get angry are triggering（触发）events，personality traits（特征），and our assessment of situations.51
Triggering events for anger are so many that to describe them all would takehundreds of pages.However, here are some examples: being cut off in traffic, adeadline approaching, experiencing physicalpain, and much more._52Thereason why someone is triggered by something and others are not is often due to one'spersonal history and psychologicaltraits.Each person.no matter who they are, has psychological imbalances.People whohave personality traits that conncct with competitiveness and low upset tolerance aremuch more likely to get angry.53 Also, sometimes pre-anger does not have todo with a lasting condition, but rather a temporary state before a triggering event hasoccurred.____54 Sometimes even routine occurrences become sources of pre-anger, oranger itself.Sometimes ignorance and negative(消极的)outlooks on situations cancreate anger.____55However, anger can easily turn violent, and it is best to know thereasons for anger to appear in order to prevent its presence.With these main reasons inmind, we can evaluate our level of angerthroughout the day and prevent cases ofoutbursts by comprehending the reasons for our feelings.A.Our attitude and viewpoint on situations can create anger within us as well.B.But some types of situations can help us to get rid of the occurrence of anger.C.Anger is rarely looked upon as a beneficial character trait, and is usually advised toreduce it.D.Anger is a particularly strong feeling and maybe people think that they have reasonsto feel angry.E.Having these personality traits implies the pre-anger state, where anger is in thebackground of your mind.F.Understanding these reasons will control our own anger if we are willing to evaluateourselves with a critical eye.G.Not everyone acts the same in response toevents, and that is why what triggers oneperson may or may not trigger another.第三部分:书面表达(共两节,35分)第一节(15分)假设你是红星中学高三学生李华,你的英国朋友Jim在给你的邮件中提到他 对中国文化感兴趣,计划明年来北京上大学。他向你咨询相关信息。请给他回邮件,内容包括: 1.表示欢迎； 2.推荐他上哪所大学;3.建议他做哪些准备工作。
注意:1.词数不少于50；
2.开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数。Dear Jim，___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours Li Hua
(请务必将作文写在答题卡指定区域内)
第二节(20分)假设你是红星中学高三学生李华,请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序,写一篇英 文周记,记述你们上周接待外国学生,带领他们体验中国茶文化的全过程。注意:词数不少于60。
第五篇：2012高考语文作文真题回放及点评
2012高考语文作文真题回放及点评
每年高考语文作文试题总是会引发一场“全民头脑风暴”，无论全国或者分省卷的都引人关注，今年也不例外。点评试题、讨论思路，网友们，甚至引发了一场“同题微作文”的创作。这里自己一边搜集各省市2012高作文真题，一边搜集专家、网友的精彩点评，供大家参考。
一、全国课标卷：
阅读下面的材料，根据要求写一篇不少于800字的文章。
船主请一位修船工给自己的小船刷油漆。修船工刷漆的时候，发现船底有个小洞，就顺手给补了。
过了些日子，船主来到他家里道谢，送上一个大红包。
修船工感到奇怪，说：“您已经给过工钱了。”
船主说：“对，那是刷油漆的钱，这是补洞的报酬。”
修船工说：“哦，那只是顺手做的一件小事„„”
船主感激地说：“当得知孩子们划船去海上之后，我才想起船底有洞这事儿，绝望极了，觉得他们肯定回不来了。等到他们平安归来，我才明白是您救了他们。”
要求选好角度，确定立意，明确文体，自拟标题；不要脱离材料内容及含意的范围作文，不要套作，不得抄袭。
点评：全国新课标卷作文题源自现实生活，亲切温暖，学生有话可说。从立意看，可以写恪尽职守、尽心尽责，可以写举手之劳、助人为乐，可以写送人玫瑰、手留余香，可以写责任内化、自觉行动，可以写不图名利、不事张扬。总之，立意范围宽泛，学生不易跑题。
新课标卷作文题讲述了一个油漆工‚顺便‛补好船只漏洞意外拯救了生命的小故事，网友王大绩老师认为：‚‘顺便’不仅是工作中的顺便，也可以是心灵中的顺便。有一颗对别人在乎的心，有这种非常广博的心，便会顺便地、很自然地做很多好事。‛
二、全国大纲卷：
阅读下面的材料，根据要求写一篇不少于800字的文章。
周末，我从学校回家帮着干农活。今春雨多，道路泥泞，我挑着一担秧苗，在溜滑的田埂上走了没几步，就心跳加速，双腿发抖，担子直晃，只好放下，不知所措地站在那里。妈妈在田里插秧，看到我的窘态，大声地喊：“孩子，外衣脱了，鞋子脱了，再试试！”
我脱了外衣和鞋袜，卷起裤脚，重新挑起担子。咦，一下子就觉得脚底下稳当了，担子轻了，很快就把秧苗挑到妈妈跟前。
妈妈说：“你不是没能力挑这个担子，你是担心摔倒，弄脏衣服，注意力不集中。脱掉外衣和鞋袜，就甩掉了多余的顾虑。”
要求选好角度，确定立意，明确文体，自拟标题；不要脱离材料内容及含意的范围作文，不要套作，不得抄袭。
点评：这则材料中的事例对于生活在城市里的90后考生们所无法体会的，但是母亲的话，考生们应该能够理解的，材料的含义告诉我们很清楚，做事要集中注意力，不要考虑那么多的包袱，此则材料作文让考生明白：生活中蕴含着无穷的智慧以及做人的道理，生活是年轻人健康成长的第一课堂。如果领悟了这点，这样才能做出成绩来，从这一点生发到自己的生活，才能有话可说，有话可写。当然，在写的过程中，要注意结合这则材料，不要脱离提供的内容。
三、北京卷：
阅读下面的材料，按要求作文。
老计一个人工作在大山深处，负责巡视铁路，防止落石、滑坡、倒树危及行车安全，每天要独自行走二十多公里。每当列车经过，老计都会庄重地向疾驰而过的列车举手敬礼。此时，列车也鸣响汽笛，汽笛声在深山中久久回响„„
大山深处的独自巡视，庄重的敬礼，久久回响的汽笛„„，这一个个场景带给你怎样的感受和思考？请在材料含意范围之内，自定角度，自拟题目，自选文体（诗歌除外），写一篇不少于800字的文章。
点评：北京卷作文题表达了这样的意蕴：巡逻员向安全驶过的火车敬礼，向自己服务的对象表达敬意，体现了普通劳动者对工作的责任感。我们共同生活在一个社会里，一句感谢的话语，一个浅浅的笑容，一次轻轻的点头，甚至一个和善的眼神都能拉近人与人之间的距离，使我们相处得更加和谐。我们的考生绝大多数是独生子女，与周围的人建立和谐的互动关系，是他们面临的人生重要课题。因此这个作文材料具有现实意义。
四、天津卷：
阅读下面的材料，按照要求作文。
两条小鱼一起游泳，遇到一条老鱼从另一方向游来，老鱼向他们点点头，说：“早上好，孩子们，水怎么样？”两条小鱼一怔，接着往前游。游了一会儿，其中一条小鱼看了另一条小鱼一眼，忍不住说：“水到底是什么东西？” 看来，有些最常见而又不可或缺的东西，恰恰最容易被我们忽视；有些看似简单的事情，却能够引发我们深入思考„„
请根据以上材料，自选角度，自拟题目，自选文体（诗歌除外），写一篇不少于800字的文章。不得套作，不得抄袭。
点评：天津卷作文题材料清新活泼，意蕴丰富。材料中简短的提示语‚最常见的东西，往往最容易被忽视‛，不仅恰到好处地点明看似浅显的寓言中所深含的意蕴，而且可引发考生从人、社会、自然等不同层面，选择自己熟悉的切入点，如亲情、友情、幸福、传统、礼仪、道德和环境等，进行不同层次的深入思考，也可以小见大，对身边的一些社会现象和问题进行理性探究和多元思考。
五、上海卷：
根据以下材料，选取一个角度，自拟题目，写一篇不少于800字的文章（不要写成诗歌）。
人们对自己心灵中闪过的微光，往往会将它舍弃，只因为这是自己的东西。而从天才的作品中，人们却认出了曾被自己舍弃的微光。
点评：今年上海卷要求学生根据‚人们对自己心灵中闪过的微光，往往会将它舍弃，只因为这是自己的东西。而从天才的作品中，人们却认出了曾被自己舍弃的微光‛这段材料选取一个角度，自拟题目，写一篇不少于800字的文章(不要写成诗歌)。对于这段材料，许多网友大呼‚文艺‛‚拗口‛，需要‚读几遍才能懂‛。
但也有网友以‚灵感—坚持—成功‛的思路直接‚破题‛。网友‚收起钥匙然后又掉了最后又找到了‛说：‚牛顿在苹果砸中头的时候，理解了万有引力。阿基米德在洗澡的时候，理解了浮力定律，这便是心灵中闪过的微光。机会是给有准备的人，那些有准备的人，便是随时随地在思考的人。‛
也有网友认为这是一题表达自信的命题，‚人们对天才总是言听计从，对自己的天赋和灵感熟视无睹。我们应该摒弃权威，要自信，要坚持‛，网友陈哲说。网友张小笑说：‚微光，也许是一些在常人眼里非常幼稚和滑稽的想法，唯有能够坚持的天才们才不会计较别人犀利的目光。有时候，我们往往太在意别人的看法，不被认同就否定自己，这是需要反省的。‛
六、辽宁卷：
台后一帘深色幕布，台上一架钢琴，柔和的灯光洒在黑白键上，人们屏息等待。女钢琴家悄然出现，衣着简朴。演奏家上台，谁不身着华美的演出服，光彩夺目？人们就此问她，她的回答是：“人，要隐于音乐背后。” 女钢琴家的话耐人寻味。
有人感佩不已，有人不以为然，有人感到了缺憾，有人联想到人生的诸多方面„„
要求选好角度，确定立意，明确文体，自拟标题；不要脱离材料内容及含意的范围作文，不要套作，不得抄袭。
点评：辽宁卷作文题很好地体现了学科性、思想性、现实性、艺术性的统一。将学生的视线引向对个人追求与价值判断的思考和对社会现象与公共意识的关注。作文题从真实场景入手，把考生的思考引向思想深处，让人感觉亲近但不老套，新颖但不陌生。作文题材料在意境的创设、氛围的营造、形象的刻画等方面，没有夺目的色彩，没有喧闹的声响，没有故作高深的说教，却强烈地传递出对试题自身的美的追求。高考作文多采用这种开放性的命题方式，考生写跑题的可能不大，有自己的观点，能自圆其说就能符合要求。如果考生观点积极向上，比如选择从‚注重内心‛等角度写更加适合。
七、江苏卷：
阅读下面的材料，按照要求作文。
慈母手中线，游子身上衣。临行密密缝，意恐迟迟归。（孟郊）
为什么我的眼里常含泪水？因为我对这土地爱得深沉。（艾青）
在这些神圣的心灵中，有一股清明的力和强烈的爱，像激流一般飞涌出来。甚至无须倾听他们的声音，就在他们的眼里，他们的事迹里，即可看到生命从没像处于忧患时那么伟大，那么丰满，那么幸福。（罗曼·罗兰）
请以“忧与爱”为题，写一篇不少于800字的文章。
要求：①立意自定；②角度自选；③除诗歌外，文体自选。
点评：《忧与爱》。题目很大，需要落地：忧什么？爱什么？切忌忧与爱的对象大而空。就题目本身而论，是一个典型的关系型作文。关系型作文最关键的，就是不能舍弃一方，单写一方。如果考生的题目只在开头或结尾提‚忧‛，中间主要写‚爱‛，那么文章一定会跌倒三类。反之亦然。当然，关系型作文，从忧或爱中更看重一方也不是不可以，但一定要结合着对方行文。比如，如果观点是‚重爱贬忧‛（让我想到最近当评委的一个辩题：爱国主义应该强调自豪感还是危机感），也要在写‚爱‛重要的同时写‚忧‛的问题，切忌扔到一方。当然，深入地探讨‚忧‛与‚爱‛的关系，会推动立意更深刻。最后，如果我们略微较真一点的话：为什么这个题目把‚忧‛放在了前面，把‚爱‛放在后面？由‚忧‛及‚爱‛是一种什么样的关系？这样一种关系能够作用于哪些方面？除了比较容易想到的‚忧国忧民‛到‚爱国主义‛之外，‚忧‛到‚爱‛是否也是一种感情认知的通式？简言之，这个题目伸缩性很强，很验功力。（刘纯）
八、福建卷：
阅读下面材料，根据要求写一篇不少于800字的议论文或记叙文。（70分）
运动中的赛跑，是在有限的路程内看你使用了多少时间；人生中的赛跑，是在有限的时间内看你跑了多少路程。（冯骥才）
要求：（1）必须符合文体要求；（2）角度自选；（3）立意自定；（4）题目自拟；（5）不得抄袭，不得套作。
点评：福建卷作文题所给的材料，既没有高深难解的审题障碍，也没有难以选择的主题辨别。因为读完冯骥才的这段话，学生都会有自己的人生体会。他可以就运动中的赛跑就事论事，也可以从人生赛跑的象征意义和哲理意义上去发挥。好的作文考题，应该是所有的考生看完后，无论城市学生还是农村学生，人人都觉熟悉，似曾相识，这才是高考作文对中学作文教学的导向。
九、安徽卷：
阅读下面的材料，根据要求写一篇不少于800字的文章。（60分）
某公司车间角落放置了一架工作使用的梯子。为了防止梯子倒下伤着人，工作人员特意在旁边写了条幅“注意安全”。这事谁也没放在心上，几年过去了，也没发生梯子倒下伤人事件。有一次，一位客户前来洽谈合作事宜，他留意到条幅并驻足良久，最后建议将条幅改成“不用时请将梯子横放”。
注意：①不要脱离材料的含意。②立意自定，题目自拟，文体自选。③不得套作，不得抄袭。④不得透露个人相关信息。⑤书写规范，正确使用标点符号。
点评：安徽卷的材料作文引发诸多争议。材料描述一个车间为防止工作梯子倒下伤人，工作人员特地在旁写下‚注意安全‛的条幅，而一位客户建议将条幅改成‚不用时请将梯子横放‛。在新浪网发起的一项11865位网友参与的投票中，这段材料获得21.7%的投票当选了‚2012高考‘最坑爹’作文题‛，网友纷纷调侃‚不知道这把梯子碍着了谁‛。
不过，也有网友给出思路：从‚注意安全‛到‚不用时请将梯子横放‛，变化在于‚直接一点‛。‚直接把梯子横放，不就能少一分人心惶惶，多一分清净了吗？‛网友吴婷说。
十、浙江卷：
台湾作家刘继荣的一篇博文说，她读中学的女儿成绩一直中等，但却被全班同学评为“最欣赏的同学”。理由是乐观幽默、热心助人、守信用、好相处等。她开玩笑地对女儿说：“你快要成为英雄了。”女儿却认真地说：“我不想成为英雄，我想成为坐在路边鼓掌的人。”这篇博文在网上引起了热议。网民甲：坐在路边鼓掌，其实也挺好。
网民乙：都在路边鼓掌，谁在路上跑呢？
网民丙：路边鼓掌与路上跑步，都值得肯定。
请在上述网民的议论中，选取一种看法，写一篇文章。你可以讲故事，抒发情感，也可以发表议论。
【注意】①角度自选，立意自定，题目自拟。②不得脱离材料的内容和含义的范围作文。③除诗歌外，文体不限。④不少于800字。⑤不得抄袭、套作。
点评：2012年浙江省作文题目以‚站(坐)在路边鼓掌的人‛为话题，题目平易，难度适中。符合作文写作的基本原则，能让大多数考生有内容、有兴趣写，可运用记叙、抒情和议论等多种表达方式完成作文，适合不同文体写作优势的考生。从审题角度看，比前几年的作文题都容易，审题基本没有难度。刘继荣的《坐在路边鼓掌的人》很多考生都熟悉，考生一般都能理解和把握题意，而且命题本身不会限制考生的思维。另外，试题有较大的写作空间，提供了较多的立意角度，也体现了时代精神，‚鼓掌‛可实可虚，可以激发考生的想象，打开考生的写作思路，考生是能够根据自己对生活的观察和体会写出一篇好的作文来的。考生从自己的生活体验和感受出发来写，可以只写某一点，不必面面俱到。从内容角度看，命题符合学生实际，考生有话可说，都能联系自己的生活体验和生活感触，‚鼓掌‛可实可虚，实质是人生的理想、价值、生活态度、思想情绪的外显，确定‚为何鼓掌‛‚鼓掌的意义‛是审题和写作的关键。因此，如何由表及里，体现自我对于人生定位的价值判断就需要考生有较好的思维品质。总体看，这个题目有利于尖子生发挥，拉开距离。高分的作文应该有比较深刻的思想内涵，尖子生有内蕴的才能写得好。
十一、江西卷：
阅读下面的文字，按要求作文。
有人说，不要老想着你没有什么，要想到你拥有什么；也有人说，不要老想着你拥有什么，要想到你没有什么。
对上述说法，你有何感悟和思考？请自选角度，自拟题目，写一篇文章。
要求：(1)必须写议论文。（2）不少于700字。（3）不得透露个人相关信息。（4）不得抄袭，不得套作。
点评：今年江西高考语文大作文是要求考生围绕‚你不要想着你没有拥有什么，而要想着你拥有什么‛、‚你不要想着你现在拥有什么，而要想着你没有拥有什么‛两个主题，选择展开议论，写一篇700字左右的议论文。这个题目的两句话分别对应着两种处事态度，其一是不要只盯着不足也要懂得发掘和关注手中拥有的资本，其二则是不要满足于既定的成就而要去追求更多的目标，前者拥有的是资本，后者拥有的是收获，一个是懂得珍惜现有的，一个是懂得不断追求可得的。可以在作文中侧重一点做主要展开，也可以二者平衡寻找其辩证关系。(王乃中)
十二、湖北卷：
阅读下面的材料，按要求作文。（60分）
语文课堂上，老师在讲到杜甫的《春望》“烽火连三月，家书抵万金”时，不无感慨地说：“可惜啊，我们现在已经很难见到家书了，书信这种形式恐怕要消失了。”
学生甲：“没有啊，我上大学的表哥就经常给我写信，我觉得这种交流方式是不可替代的。”
学生乙：“信息技术这么发达，打电话、发短信、写邮件更便捷，谁还用笔写信啊？”
学生丙：“即使不用笔写信，也不能说明书信消失了，只不过是书信的形式变了。”
学生丁：“要是这样说的话，改变的又何止是书信？社会发展了，科技进步了，很多东西都在悄然改变。”
„„
请根据你对材料的理解，任选一个角度，写一篇不少于800字的文章。要求：明确立意，自定文体，自拟标题；不要套作，不得抄袭。
点评:算算这些考生的年龄，18岁。电子邮件，网络流行应该是10多年了;手机短信也好几年了。他们是和电子科技一同成长的。一天到晚被作业补习班压得疲于奔命，哪有时间去写信?恐怕都少有写信的经历。一个电话，及时快捷，声情并茂，哪有必要去写信?当今社会开放了，至于情书就更少见了。书信是神马玩意?他们只怕不太懂。要他们来‚反对‛或赞成，也是强人所难。这难道还不是湖北卷近几年最不具思辩色彩，最幼稚的，最糟糕的命题?有人说拯救京剧无异于让死人复活，我看买信封贴邮票也差不多。
十三、湖南卷：
阅读下面的材料，根据要求作文。（60分）
伸出是温暖的服务，摊开是放飞的想象，张大是创造的力量，捧起是收获的快乐„„
根据上述图文，自选角度，自定立意，自拟题目，写一篇不少于800字的记叙文或议论文。
点评：高考作文主要有标题作文、材料作文、话题作文三种形式，今年高考虽是材料作文，但不仅限于文字材料，还在试卷上提供了图画。而图画以照片形式呈现，有别于一般的新闻图画或者漫画图画，可以说是全国高考中第一次出现这样的新命题形式。虽然命题形式新颖，但配上的四句文字材料给图画做了提示，一定程度上降低了难度，符合高考作文‚让绝大多数考生都有话可说‛的原则，不至于使考生对着图画找不着北。写作此题主要是抓住文字提示，可从服务、想象、创造、收获等方面立意，考生可以选择其中一个进行深化阐述，也可以综合多个方面成文。命题的创新给了考生多角度发挥的余地，但因为文字提示给了考生方向，今年作文跑题的考生不会太多。
十四、山东卷：
阅读下面的材料，根据自己的感悟和联想，写一篇不少于800字的文章。
惟我辈既以担当中国改革发展为己任，虽石烂海枯，而此身尚存，此心不死。既不可以失败而灰心，亦不能以困难而缩步。精神贯注，猛力向前，应乎世界进步之潮流，合乎善长恶消之天理，则终有最后成功之一日。——孙中山
要求：①选准角度，自定立意；②自拟题目；③除诗歌外，文体不限；④文体特征鲜明。
点评：山东卷作文材料选取了中国近代革命的先驱孙中山先生的一段名言,请考生根据自己的感悟和联想作文。这段材料所蕴含的内容与当今时代对年轻人提出的要求相契合,可以引导考生深入思考,将个人的学习生活与社会、时代结合起来,树立崇高的理想和正确的人生观、世界观。
十五、广东卷：
阅读下面的文字，根据要求作文。
醉心于古文化研究的英国历史学家汤因比曾经说过，如果可以选择出生的时代与地点，他愿意出生在公元一世纪的中国新疆，因为当时那里处于佛教文化、印度文化、希腊文化、波斯文化和中国文化等多种文化的交汇地带。
居里夫人在写给外甥女涵娜的信上说：“你写信对我说，你愿意生在一世纪以前„„伊雷娜则对我肯定地说过，她宁可生得晚些，生在未来的世纪里。我以为，人们在每一个时期都可以过有趣而且有用的生活。”
上面的材料引发了你怎样的思考？请结合自己的体验与感悟，写一篇文章。
要求：①自选角度，自拟标题，自定文体。②不少于800字。③不得套作，不得抄袭。
点评：广东卷引用英国历史学家汤因比和居里夫人的两段关于‚生活的时代‛的材料，结合考生自己的生活体验和感悟写作。此题被网友解读为‚穿越题‛——‚狄更斯说：这是最好的时代，这是最坏的时代。每个时代都是如此，穿越到任何的时代都不可能完美。亲，不必再在时光机里网购其他时代了，于你而言，当下，是最好的时代。‛
十六：四川卷：
阅读下面这首诗，按照要求作文。
手握一滴水
一滴水里有阳光的谱系图
有雪的过去和未来式
有大陆架和沙漠
有人的生命„„
我手握一滴水
就是握着一个世界
但一个小小的意外，比如一个趔趄
足以丢失这一切
请根据阅读全诗后的感悟和联想写一篇文章。要求：①自选角度，自定立意，自选文体，自拟标题；②不要脱离诗的含意，不得套作，不得抄袭；③用规范汉字书写；④不少于800字。
点评：材料对一滴水的象征意义和人生意涵等作了一定阐释供考生展开。这题相当常规，角度有如下几个：可以借助古往今来与水有关的成语或者哲理名言展开；可以把一滴水与个人相结合，谈到人的人生意义和人生价值的实现；可以和自然界水循环结合，从一滴水的不同形态展开。既然材料中已经具体提到了水的含义，文章就不能仅止于此，而要探讨到‚怎么办‛的层面上。明白了道理，如何应用到自己的生活中去，是本篇文章真正应该凸显的主旨。
十七、重庆卷：
这是一个发生在肉类加工厂的故事。
下班前，一名工人进入一座冷库检查，冷库门突然关上，他被困在了里面，并在死亡边缘挣扎了5个小时。
突然，门被打开了。工厂保安走进来救了他。
事后有人问保安：“你为什么会想起打开这道门？这不是你日常工作的一部分啊！” 保安说：“我在这家企业工作了35年。每天数以百计的工人从我面前进进出出，他是唯一一个每天早上向我问好并且下午跟我道别的人。”
“今天，他进门时跟我说过‘你好’，但一直没有听到他跟我说‘明天见’。”
“我每天都在等待他的‘你好’和‘明天见’。我知道他还没有跟我道别，我想他应该还在这栋建筑的某个地方，所以我开始寻找并找到了他。”
要求：①结合材料的内容和含意，选准角度，明确立意；②自拟标题，自选文体（诗歌除外），不少于800字；③不得套作，不得抄袭。
点评：重庆2012年高考作文题采用了车间工人事例的叙事性材料作文，通读材料，角度有很多，有保安工作细致入微，有工人坚持每日问候，有常人的不理解等等，如果考生以被关者的角度来展开叙述，写出被关者在生命垂危时坚定地认为‚善有善报‛的信念来写也可以；或者从保安在下班时等待工人、寻找工人、解决工人的心理来写也是不错的角度。不管怎样，这则材料反映了人性的温暖和善良。立意蕴藏于材料之中，学生在审题构思的时候，需要充分运用发现问题、提出问题、分析问题、解决问题的能力，这有利于激发考生进行有创意的构思。考生在立意时，保险起见应该选择正向的叙述，但是叙述时，要注意就材料说话，而不是对材料的扩写或者改编。
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