第一篇:2014历年考研英语真题解析及复习思路勘误
2014历年考研英语真题解析及复习思路勘误(淘宝专供)
赠送本
考研英语大纲词汇超级背诵宝典
P1abide 词义:①不能忍受→①忍受、容忍.(赠送本)
历年考研英语真题汇编难句分析与佳句模仿
第二部分 难句分析与佳句模仿
P202006 Part B
4.It is worrisome that society is medicalizing more and more behavioral problems, often defining as addictions what earlier, sterner generations explained as weakness of will.结构图中:often defining… 定语,改为:现在分词结构做伴随状语。
P242007 Text 2
3.Anyone who has toiled through SAT will testify that testtaking skill also matters, whether its knowing when to guess or what questions to skip.结构图中:whether it’s knowing…让步状语从句,改为同位语从句。用来解释说明test-taking skill。
注释改为:本句含有三个从句,其中同位语从句中的宾语结构比较特殊,是并列的“疑问词+不定式”。
P272007 Text 4
3.Surely it should be obvious to the dimmest executive that trust, that most valuable of economic assets, is easily destroyed and hugely expensive to restore—and that few things are more likely to destroy trust than a company letting sensitive personal data get into the wrong hands.注释中:„„动名词逻辑主语为a comparry改为a company。
P322008 Text 1
1.Studies of both animals and humans have shown that sex hormones somehow affect the stress response, causing females under stress to produce more of the trigger chemicals than do males under the same conditions.结构图中:than….比较状语从句,改为定语从句。定语从句箭头指向the trigger chemicals 注释改为:than引导的定语从句中,替代词do代替与主句相同的谓语部分,放到主语前,实现倒装。因此最后部分相当于females under stress produce more of the trigger chemicals than males under the same conditions produce。
p 69 2011 知识运用
1.But because hard laughter is difficult to sustain, a good laugh is unlikely to have measurable benefits the way, say, walking or jogging does.注释中:原因状语从句演变自:To sustai …改为:To sustain…。
P742011 Text 2→P75 2011 text3
4.We define such sold media as owned media whose traffic is so strong that other organizations place their content or e-commerce engines within that environment.5.This trend, which we believe is still in its infancy, effectively began with retailers and travel providers such as airlines and hotels and will no doubt go further.这两个长难句应为P75 2011 Text 3中第1、第2个长难句。
P 79 2011 Text 4
4.But its interesting to wonder if the images we see every week of stressfree, happinessenhancing parenthood arent in some small, subconscious way contributing to our own dissatisfactions with the actual experience, in the same way that a small part of us hoped getting “ the Rachel” might make us look just a little bit like Jennifer Aniston.注释中:in the same way...解释说明in some small, sbuconscious way。改为:in the same way...解释说明in some small, subconscious way。
P 862012 Text 2
2.Instead, the company has done precisely what it had long promised it would not:challenge the constitutionality of Vermonts rules in the federal court, as part of a desperate effort to keep its Vermont Yankee nuclear power plant running.结构图改为: 注释改为:主句的宾语由两个从句共同构成;从句2 it would not省略引导词that,为从句1的宾语,从句2谓语would not省略了与主句相同的谓语do,从句2宾语为从句1引导词what。翻译改为:然而,Entergy公司恰恰做出了它过去一直承诺不会做的事:在联邦法院质疑佛蒙特州核规则的合宪性。这是它为了使其佛蒙特扬基核电厂能够继续运营而作出的拼死努力的一部分。
第二篇:历年考研英语真题解析及复习思路
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第三篇:考研英语历年真题解析点评——英语文章解析
考研英语历年真题解析点评(提高版)——英语文章解析
哎哟喂,对面的妹子看过来,看过来看过来,这里的“图解”更精彩。喂那谁,你别假装不理不睬嘛!我知道你在听的!
昨天在自习室里,坐在我对面的那几个妹子在讨论什么“试题图解”,说那个清晰啊,说那个明了啊,说一目了然就知道题干在文章什么地方、正确选项在文章的什么地方、干扰项在文章的什么地方,更酷的是,该书还分别用了5中不同的颜色表明了题干、选项A、选项B、选项C、选项D在原文中的位置!
三个女人一个墟嘛,妹子们伶牙俐齿地发表着自己的看法,让我也心生好奇,想见识一下到底是什么书,竟然也有图解,和我的是一样的!结果,毫无意外的,果真是《考研英语历年真题解析点评》啦,不过看封面,估计是基础版,而哥手里的这本,还是提高版本的呢!好吧,据说四六级考过的就用提高版,好吧,姑且勿论基础版和提高版的区别了,反正适合自己能帮到自己的就是最好的啦!
但哥还是想非常想炫一下我这个提高版啊,因为它的图解更酷,都将“试题图解”进行到底——文章结构图示化。
首先是文章结构,在对整篇文章进行分析之前,首先通过图示提示该文章的总体结构,脉络结构清晰可见,就如同参观一座建筑,总是要先弄清楚这个建筑大的功能分块,然后再就细节进行细细品鉴。文章结构图作为对于文章内容的宏观介绍,共分为两层:第一层是对于全文进行总体介绍;第二层则根据文章内容分层介绍,具体形式是将文章分为不同的部分,并指出各个部分包含的段落以及这些部分所涵盖的行文内容。
是不是很熟悉?还记得当年我们在那里划分段落和总结段落大意的美好的语文课时光吗?你垂泪了吗?往事不堪回首吗?哈哈,其实这个方法还是不错的阿!至少它帮我们读懂了那么多文章的说!
其次是篇章解析,在这里以一段为单位讲解了本段中的上下文词汇、语法和背景知识等。第三是试题分析,不仅仅阐述正确答案,更强调干扰项的不正确性,而且对干扰项进行了归类。通过选项回归原文,在每一个选项后面标注其来源,同时就正确选项与原文的关系以及干扰项的不正确性进行言简意赅、一针见血的点评(如,过度猜测、错误理解、无中生有、偷换概念、望文生义等)。
【准确定位】能够快速建立本题与文章具体部分的关系,通过【快速解题】快、准、狠地抓出正确答案,通过【干扰项分析】逐一阐述各干扰项的不正确性,严谨论证干扰项与原文的关系,反复推敲,使干扰项原形毕露。
最后还有题眼补充练习哦,根据文章内容中的题眼,即在原文中可出试题的地方,补充一道或两道试题。
是不是觉得这个提高版的功能更加彪悍了呢!
那么我就不多做解释了吧!
彪悍的人生不需要解释!
考研英语写作法门=阅读积累+背诵练笔
考研作文分为大、小两类。小作文多以应用文体裁为主,例如求职信、感谢信、辞职信,道歉信等,这类作文不需要复杂华丽的文采修饰,表意明确就可以了。大作文的题型则多是通过图片或者提示文字,要求考生完成提示所透视出来的问题。从近几年看,命题范围都比较
倾向于当前社会热门话题或观念。
一、多阅读,多积累
就英语写作来说,如果你想让自己的作文水平有一个质的飞跃,首先就要懂得去吸取别人文章中的精华,这个吸取精华的过程就是阅读。只有多阅读,才能够培养起良好的语感,才会知道如何去构思,如何去质疑别人的观点,表达清楚自己的意思。正所谓“读书破万卷,下笔如有神”。无论何时,大家都勿急躁,因为“跑”得好的前提是“走”,作文这种慢火候才能提高的题更是如此,一步一个脚印才是写作稳步提高的策略。
近些年写作考题的内容和主题,基本都与当年的热点话题有一定的关系,所以平时多阅读英语报纸、杂志,能够帮助你掌握更多的话题资源。对于比较热点、重要的主题,可以有目的地进行搜集整理。阅读的过程也应该讲究方法,以泛读与精读结合的方式进行学习。一些好的文章建议你读过以后做英文阅读笔记。相信在读与写的过程中,你的写作水平自然会得到快速提高。
二、研读思考,背诵范文
背诵是快速提高写作成绩的一条捷径,建议考生可以选择历年真题中的写作佳文,先是研究,思考人家是怎么构思,怎么写的,获得高分的闪光点在哪。然后在理解的基础上记忆,通过自己的思考分析更能够在无形中增强你的表达能力。同学们也可以拿一些英语原著名篇来读、背,这样可以加强自己的语感,使自己的表达更加地道。
三、每周一练,增强表达
表达能力需要考生平时自我的练习,实际动手的能力至关重要。考生可以给自己制定一个写作计划,一周至少练习一篇文章,在加强写作练习之后,你的文章才能够“成章”。平时训练的重点应该锁定在文章是否切题,行文是否表意明确、通顺,有无语法错误等。另外,一定要给每一次行文限定一个可行的时间,并且按照这个时间严格要求自己完成。
如果能有范文进行比较,效果会更加明显,如果没有范文作为标样,建议考生可以找英语水平较好的同学看一看。也许评看你作文的这个考生英语水平不是很高,但看别人文章的时候很容易看出缺点,所以也可以帮助自己发现问题加以提高。如果条件允许的话,找老师请教一下最好。
第四篇:考研英语历年真题1989
1989年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题
Section I Close Test
For each numbered blank in the following passage there are four choices labeled [A], [B], [C] and [D].Choose the best one and put your choice in the ANSWER SHEET.Read the whole passage before making your choice.(10 points)
①One day drought may be a thing of the past at least in coastal cities.②Vast areas of desert throughout the world may for the first timeand provide millions of hectares of land where now nothing grows.③By the end of this century this may not be mere2.④Scientists are already looking into the possibility of using some of the available ice in the Arctic and Antarctic.⑤In these regions there are vast ice-caps formed by snow that has fallen over the past 50,000 years.⑥Layerlayer of deep snow means that, when melted, the snow water would be pure, not salty as sea-ice would be.⑦There is so muchpure water here that it would need only a fraction of it to turn much of the desert or poorly irrigated parts of the world into rich farmland.⑧And what useful packages it would come in!⑨It should be possible to cut off a bit of ice and
11They are always transport it!⑩Alternatively perhaps a passing iceberg could be.○
breaking away from the main caps and floating around, pushed by currents, until they eventually melt and are wasted.12Many icebergs are, of course, far too small to be toweddistance, and would melt ○
13It would be necessary to locate one before they reached a country that needed them anywhere.○
14that wasand that was big enough to provide a good supply of ice when it reached us.○
Engineers think that an iceberg up to seven miles long and one and a half miles wide could be
15Even then they would cover only transported if the tug pulling it was as big as a supertanker!○the iceberg was at its destination, more that 7,000 twenty miles every day.○
17That would probably be more than million cubic metres of water could be taken from it!○
18But no doubt a use could be enough for any medium-sized city even in the hottest summer!○
19○20found for it.○
21This is The larger the iceberg, the slower it melts, even if it is towed through the tropics.○
because when the sun has a bigger area to warm , less heat actually gets into the iceberg.22The vast frozen centre would be unaffected.[394 words] ○
1.[A] come to life[B] come into existence
[C] come into activity[D] come round
2.[A] speculation [B] imagination[C] computation[D] expectation
3.[A] above[B] of[C] upon[D] over
4.[A] essential[B] potential[C] claimable[D] obtainable
5.[A] seized[B] snatched[C] grabbed[D] captured
6.[A] much[B] any[C] some[D] certain
7.[A] manageable [B] manipulative [C] operable[D] controllable
8.[A] after[B] while[C] since[D] once
9.[A] Apparently [B] Noticeably[C] Distinctly[D] Notably
10.[A] round[B] over[C] up[D] through
第五篇:1988年考研英语真题及解析
1988年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题
Section I Close Test
For each numbered blank in the following passage there are four choices labeled [A], [B], [C], and [D].Choose the best one and put your choice in the ANSWER SHEET.Read the whole passage before making your choice.(10 points)
①In 1620, a small sailboat named the Mayflower left England for the New World.②The Mayflower headed for the Jamestown colony on the warm shore of Virginia.③Its one hundred passengers were the Pilgrims.④They were looking for a place where they could worship God
1.⑤Because of strong winds and severe storms, the Mayflower lost its.⑥The brave group of colonists finally had to land at Plymouth on the rocky coast of Massachusetts in December 1620.⑦It was the middle of the stern northern winter.⑧
months of starvation, disease, and death were ahead of them.⑨Only the strongest of the pilgrims
that winter.⑩Many women gave their own pitiful rations to their children and died for lack of food for themselves.○11Living
began to improve in the spring of 1621.1○2There were wild vegetables.○13There were berries and fruit.○14Fish and game were plentiful.1○5Therefore, they were able to get enough fresh meat despite their lack of skill or experience in hunting and fishing.1○6The colonists‟ health
with the warm weather and their better diet.1○7In the fall, they look back
the past year.○18They were both regretful and thankful.○19Only fifty of the original one hundred passengers remained.○20The price in human life and tragedy had been great.2○1On the other hand, they saw new hope for the future.○22A splendid harvest was
them.2○3They were ready for the second winter with confidence.2○4They had eleven crude houses for protection against the severe winter.2○5Seven were for families, and four were for communal use.2○6 9 , they had established a treaty of friendship with their Indian neighbors under Chief Massasoit in the summer.2○7The woods and forests became safe.○28When the Mayflower returned to England that summer, there were no colonists.○29At the end of their first year in their new home, the Pilgrims wanted to celebrate with a real holiday.○30It was their first Thanks giving Day.[328 words] 1.[A] in their own style
[B] in their own way [C] on their own
[D] of their own 2.[A] course
[B] route
[C] passage [D] channel 3.[A] Uncomfortable [B] Bad
[C] Unfavourable [D] Terrible 4.[A] passed
[B] sustained [C] survived [D] spent 5.[A] situations
[B] environments [C] conditions
[D] circumstances 6.[A] strengthened [B] regained [C] recovered [D] improved 7.[A] in
[B] of
[C] over
[D] at 8.[A] on
[B] behind
[C] for
[D] beyond 9.[A] Best of all [B] For the best [C] To their best [D] All in all 10.[A] ashore
[B] around
[C] about
[D] aboard
试题精解
一、文章结构分析
本文是一篇记叙文,讲述了“五月花号”抵达美洲新大陆的情况及感恩节的来历。
第一段交代了文章的背景:一批殖民者到达北美新大陆。①至④句介绍了“五月花号”前往美洲的原因,⑤至⑩句介绍了“五月花号”上的朝圣者在途中以及登陆后遇到的困难,○11至1○6句介绍了他们生活条件得到好转的原因及表现。第二段通过对过去的回顾与对未来的展望,叙述了朝圣者怀有感恩的心态并与当地印第安人签署友好协定,为下文感恩节的形成做了铺垫。
第三段说明了感恩节产生的直接原因:朝圣者想庆祝他们定居新家的第一年。
二、试题具体分析
1.[A] in their own style
[B] in their own way以…特有的方式 [C] on their own单独,独立地
[D] of their own自己的,本人的 本题考核的知识点是:句内语义+固定短语
[快速解题]空格处填入的短语作状语,修饰worship God,说明朝圣者前往新大陆的原因。in one‟s own way是固定搭配,意为“以…特有的方式”,代入文中意为“以他们特有的方式敬仰上帝”,符合上下文逻辑关系,为正确答案。on their own与of their own不符合文意,style虽然可以表示“方式、方法”,但该含义不用于in one‟s own…结构,应排除。
[篇章分析]①至④句是第一段的第一个层次,揭示了五月花号前往新大陆的原因。④句是一个复合句,主干为They were looking for a place,后接where引导的定语从句修饰place。[空格设置]in one‟s own way是固定短语,如:I expect she does love you in her own way.我想她的确是以她特有的方式爱你。
[干扰项设置]其他项利用常见的固定搭配设置干扰。例句:The accident happened through no fault of her own.这一事故的发生不是她本人的过错。He did it on his own.这件事他独立完成了。
2.[A] course航向,航线
[B] route路线,路途 [C] passage通道,航程
[D] channel渠道,海峡 本题考核的知识点是:名词词义辨析
[快速解题]空格处填入的名词作lost的宾语,因此此题关键是判断那个选项可与lost搭配且符合文意。四个选项构成的动宾搭配分别表示“迷失航向”、“迷失路线”、“迷失航程”和“迷失海峡”,显然不存在后两种搭配,首先排除[C]和[D]。由于文中具体指出了是海上航行,因此排除常指“地面路线”的route,最佳答案为[A]course。[篇章分析]⑤至⑩句是第一段的第二个层次,分别介绍了朝圣者在航行中及登陆后遇到的困难。
[空格设置]course除了考生熟悉的表示“课程”的含义外,还可意为“(船或飞机的)航向,航线“,如:The plane was on/off course.飞机航向正确/偏离航向。
[干扰项设置]其他项利用其他表示“路径”的词对course形成近义干扰。例句:Which is the best route to take? 哪一条是最佳路线?This passage will take us to the other building.穿过这条通道,我们就可以到达另一座大楼。Complaints must be made through the proper channels.投诉必须通过正当途径进行。
3.[A] Uncomfortable令人不舒适的 [B] Bad令人不快的,坏的
[C] Unfavourable不利的,有害的 [D] Terrible可怕的,造成极大伤害的 本题考核的知识点是:上下文语义+形容词辨析 [快速解题]空格处填入的形容词做定语修饰months,意为“…的几个月”。months后面的of…介词结构也做定语后置修饰months,由of后面的一系列名词“starvation、disease、death”可知,这几个月的情况是极其严重的,因此,在四个选项中应选择表示恶劣程度最深的terrible。
[空格设置]terrible的词义和用法比较简单,本题需要考生理解上下文的具体内容做出选择。
[干扰项设置]其他项利用表示“不利的”的形容词设置干扰,考生需结合词语表达含义的程度与具体语境排除干扰。
4.[A] passed通过,经过;消磨,度过
[B] sustained维持(生命、生存)[C] survived生存;幸存,挺过,艰难度过 [D] spent花(时间),度过 本题考核的知识点是:上下文语义+动词辨析
[快速解题]空格所在部分意为“朝圣者中只有最为强壮的人…那个冬天”。pass常用于指无聊或等人时打发、消磨时间;spend强调以某种方式花时间,常接on sth或in doing sth来表示方式。sustain虽然含有“生存”的意思,但其后常接life或人作宾语,不符合文中用法。符合上下文意的只有survive,指“艰难挺过那个冬天”,与上一题中的terrible相呼应。[空格设置]本题借survive考查了考生对上下文的理解。例句:I can‟t survive on $40 a week.一星期40美元,我无法维持生活。
[干扰项设置]其他项是利用表示“度过”的动词对survive构成近义干扰,考生要在理解词义的基础上对单词的用法区别掌握。例句:We sang songs to pass the time.我们借唱歌消磨时间。Few planets can sustain life.能够维持生命存在的行星很少。How long did you spend on your homework? 你做家庭作业用了多长时间? 5.[A] situations情况,状况
[B] environments环境 [C] conditions环境,条件
[D] circumstances条件,状况 本题考核的知识点是:上下文语义+名词辨析
[快速解题]空格所在部分living 5 意为“生活…”,四个选项都含有“环境,状况”的意思,但是侧重点各有不同。situation强调特定时期和特定地点形势、局面,environments特指影响个体或事物行为或发展的环境,conditions指居住、工作或做事情的环境或条件,circumstances尤其指经济状况。由living以及下文的vegetables、berries等词可知,这里指的是人们的生活条件得到改善,符合文意的为[C]conditions.[篇章分析]○11句至○16句是第一段的第三个层次,指出了朝圣者在新的定居点生活条件得到改善的原因及表现。
[空格设置]conditions本身词义比较简单,但要求考生根据上下文语境排除干扰,作出正确判断。例句:changing economic conditions不断变化的经济状况。
[干扰项设置]其他项利用表示“环境、状况”的名词对conditions形成近义干扰。这几个词虽然含义相近,但用法上各有不同,例句如:We have all been in similar embarrassing situations.我们都遇到过类似的尴尬局面。They have created an environment in which productivity should flourish.他们创造了一种可以大大提高生产力的环境。Grants are awarded according to your financial circumstances.补助金根据经济状况发放。6.[A]strengthened加强,巩固
[B]regained 重新获得,恢复 [C]recovered恢复健康,康复
[D]improved 改进,改善 本题考核的知识点是:动词辨析
[快速解题]空格所在部分的主语是the colonists‟ health,此题的关键是判断哪个动词能与health搭配,并且能与上下文衔接。strengthened指“增强能力或地位等”,不能与health搭配,首先排除。regained意为“恢复”时常做及物动词,不符合文中用法,但是可以说…regained health。recovered本身即意为“恢复健康”,不需要health作主语。符合上下文语义的只有improve,在文中意为“健康得到改善”。
[篇章分析]○16句的主干部分是The colonists‟ health improved,介词with的用法比较特殊,表原因,介宾短语with…解释了health improved的原因。
[空格设置]improve的含义比较简单,但用法很丰富,可以泛指各方面的“改善、提高”,如:His quality of life has improved dramatically since the operation.手术后他的生活质量大大改善了。to improve efficiency/standards/conditions提高效率/标准;改善条件。
[干扰项设置]其他项利用考生熟悉的汉语表达法设置干扰。汉语里经常有“恢复健康、增强健康”的表达方式,考生要熟悉英汉两种语言表达方式的区别,排除干扰。例句:Her position in the party has strengthened in recent weeks.最近几个星期以来,她在党内的地位有所增强。I struggled to regain some dignity.我努力恢复自己的一点儿尊严。He‟s still recovering from his operation.手术后,他仍在恢复之中。7.[A] in
[B] of
[C] over
[D] at 本题考核的知识点是:介词搭配
[快速解题]空格处填入的介词既要与look back搭配,又要能接the past year作宾语。不存在look back in与look back of的用法,首先排除[A]和[B]。look back over与look back at都可意为“回顾”,但look back at后面接具体的时间或事物,look back over后面接特定阶段,显然文中the past year强调的是一个时间段,符合要求的是look back over,代入文中意为“回顾过去的一年”。
[篇章分析]第二段分为两个层次:1○7至○20句是对过去的回顾,2○1至○26句是对未来的展望与准备。○21句句首on the other hand表明了这种今昔对比。
[空格设置]介词over的含义和用法都很丰富,在知识运用的文章中经常出现,考生要结合具体语境掌握该词用法。
[干扰项设置]其他项利用其他可与look搭配的常用介词设置干扰,需要正确理解上下文才排除干扰。8.[A] on
[B] behind
[C] for
[D] beyond 本题考核的知识点是:上下文语义+介词辨析
[快速解题]空格所在部分A splendid harvest was 8 them,意为“一个大丰收…他们”。由○17句in the fall和○23句ready for the second winter可知,他们在秋天已经取得大丰收,并为第二年冬天做准备。behind意为used to say that sth is in sb‟s past,它代入文中,意为“他们身后是(秋天的)一个大丰收”,即“已经获得了丰收”。其他项与them搭配分别意为“由他们支付”、“为了他们”与“他们无法理解“,均不符合上下文语义,应排除。[篇章分析]2○1句是第二段第二个层次的总起句,指出了对未来的希望。2○2句至段末分别从食物、住所以及人际关系三方面举出了充满希望的原因。
[空格设置]本题通过behind考查了考生对文章内部时间逻辑的把握,及它本身不为考生所熟悉的含义。例句:She has ten years‟ useful experience behind her.她已有十年的经验,能派上用场。[干扰项设置]其他项都是利用常用介词设置的脱离上下文的无关干扰,联系上下文语义不难排除。
9.[A] Best of all最好的是,尤其 [B] For the best出于好意 [C] To their best
[D] All in all总的来说 本题考核的知识点是:逻辑关系
[快速解题]空格处填入的短语放在句首,体现句子之间的逻辑关系,此题的关键是判断空格前后部分的逻辑关系。to their best短语不存在,首先排除。上文都是讲殖民者为来年做的物质准备,○26句重在强调人际关系方面的改善,体现这种强调关系的只有best of all。[篇章分析]2○6句虽然是一个简单句,但是句子结构比较复杂,主干为they had established a treaty of friendship,句首的best of all与with..,under…,in…三个介宾短语做状语。[空格设置]逻辑关系在知识运用中的考查比重越来越大,需要考生提高语篇结构的分析能力。例句如:Best of all, we don‟t have any homework.最好的是我们没有什么家庭作业了。[干扰项设置]其他项都是利用词形设置的形近干扰。例句:I did it for the best.我是出于好意这么做的。All in all it has been a great success.总的来说,那是个巨大的成功。10.[A] ashore在岸上
[B] around周围 [C] about到处
[D] aboard在(船、车飞机)上 本题考核的知识点是:上下文语义+副词辨析
[快速解题]空格所在部分意为“当‘五月花号’返回英格兰的时候,没有一名殖民者…”,显然,表示“在船上”的aboard符合文章语义的衔接,为正确选项。其他三项不符合上下文,应排除。
[篇章分析]2○7○28句承接上文,总结指出殖民者生活状况好转,他们在殖民地定居下来。○29句是过渡句,指出他们想要建立一个节日庆祝新的生活,由此引出○30句感恩节的来历。[空格设置]aboard的含义和用法都比较简单,但需要根据上下文进行推断。
[干扰项设置]其他项是利用aboard的形近词设置的干扰,由于都脱离了上下文,不难排除。
三、全文翻译
1620年,一艘被命名为“五月花号”的小帆船离开伦敦驶往新大陆。“五月花号”向位于弗吉尼亚州温暖海岸的詹姆斯顿殖民地行进。船上的一百名乘客都是朝圣者,他们正在寻找一个地方,在那里他们能以自己特有的方式敬仰上帝。由于狂风和凶猛的暴风雨,“五月花号”迷失了航向。1620年12月份,这一群勇敢的殖民者最终不得不在位于马萨诸塞州岩石嶙嶙海岸的普利茅斯登陆。当时正是北方严冬时期,他们将面对的是充满了饥饿、疾病和死亡的极其可怕的几个月。朝圣者中只有最为强壮的人活过了那个冬天。许多妇女把她们少得可怜的口粮留给了自己的孩子,自己却死于饥饿。生活条件在1621年的春天开始改善:有了野菜、浆果和水果以及充足的鱼和野禽。因此,尽管缺乏狩猎、捕鱼的技巧和经验,他们也能够获得足够的新鲜肉类。由于天气变暖和饮食的改善,殖民者们的健康状况得以好转。在秋天,他们回顾了过去的一年,既遗憾又感激。最初的一百名乘客只有五十人存活了下来,人类生命的代价和和悲剧是如此巨大。另一方面,他们看到了未来的新希望。在他们身后是(秋天的)一个大丰收,他们充满自信地为第二个冬天的到来做好了准备。他们有十一所用于抵御严冬的简陋房屋,其中的七所为家庭所有,四所作为公用。最重要的是,在马萨索特酋长的监管下,他们在夏天与其印第安邻居订立了友好协定。林地和森林变安全了。那年夏天,当“五月花号”返回英格兰的时候,船上没有一名殖民者。在他们定居新家的第一年年底,这些朝圣者想以一个真正的节日来庆祝,这便是他们的第一个感恩节。
Section II Reading Comprehension
Each of the two passages below is followed by five questions.For each question there are four answers.Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions.Put your choice in the brackets on the left.(10 points)Text 1 ①It doesn‟t come as a surprise to you to realize that it makes no difference what you read or study if you can‟t remember it.②You just waste your valuable time.③Maybe you have already discovered some clever ways to keep yourself from forgetting.①One dependable aid that does help you remember what you study is to have a specific purpose or reason for reading.②You remember better what you read when you know why you‟re reading.①Why does a clerk in a store go away and leave you when your reply to her offer to help is, “No, thank you.I‟m just looking”? ②Both you and she know that if you aren‟t sure what you want, you are not likely to find it.③But suppose you say instead, “Yes, thank you.I want a pair of sun glasses.” ④She says, “Right this way, please.” ⑤And you and she are off--both eager to look for exactly what you want.①It‟s quite the same with your studying.②If you chose a book at random, “just looking” for nothing in particular, you are likely to get just that--nothing.③But if you do know what you want, and if you have the right book, you are almost sure to get it.④Your reasons will vary;they will include reading or studying “to find out more about”, “to understand the reasons for”, “to find out how”.⑤A good student has a clear purpose or reason for what he is doing.①This is the way it works.②Before you start to study, you say to yourself something like this, “I want to know why Stephen Vincent Benet happened to write about America.I‟m reading this article to find out.” ③Or, “I‟m going to skim this story to see what life was like in medieval England.” ④Because you know why you are reading or studying, you relate the information to your purpose and remember it better.①Reading is not one single activity.②At least two important processes go on at the same time.③As you read, you take in ideas rapidly and accurately.④But at the same time you express your own ideas to yourself as you react to what you read.⑤You have a kind of mental conversation with the author.⑥If you expressed your ideas orally, they might sound like this: “Yes, I agree.That‟s my opinion too.” or “Ummmm, I thought that record was broken much earlier.I‟d better check those dates,” or “But there are some other facts to be considered!” ⑦You don‟t just sit there taking in ideas--you do something else, and that something else is very important.①This additional process of thinking about what you read includes evaluating it, relating it to what you already know, and using it for your own purposes.②In other words, a good reader is a critical reader.③One part of critical reading, as you have discovered, is distinguishing between facts and opinions.④Facts can be checked by evidence.⑤Opinions are one‟s own personal reactions.①Another part of critical reading is judging sources.②Still another part is drawing accurate inferences.一、词汇
1.make no difference没有...作用或影响
2.specific a.明确的 3.suppose v.假设,以为,认为
4.at random随便地,任意地 5.happen to(do sth)碰巧(做某事)
6.skim v.略读 7.react to对...做出反应
8.take in接受,理解
二、长难句
1.It doesn‟t come as a surprise to you to realize that it makes no difference what you read or study if you can‟t remember it.该句的主干为It doesn‟t come as a surprise to you,其中it为形式主语,真正的主语是后面的不定式结构to realize that …,that引导的从句做realize的宾语。宾语从句为主从复合句,句末为if引导的条件状语从句,主干为it makes no difference,其中it为形式主语,真正的主语是后面的what you read or study。
翻译:如果你不能记住你所读或者所学的东西,那你读什么或学什么就无关紧要了,这一点毫不出奇。
三、文章结构分析
这篇文章主要探讨阅读和学习中记忆的方法。文章段落分散,语言平实易懂,总体可以分为三个部分。
第一部分为第一段,提出现象:指出记忆对于阅读或学习的重要性,并且记忆需要聪明的方法。
第二部分为第二至五段,叙述帮助记忆的方法之一:有目的或有原因的阅读。以购物过程和阅读过程做类比说明,有目的或有原因的阅读可以帮助读者获得明确信息并进行良好记忆。第三部分为第六至八段,论述阅读的过程——理解内容和批判性地思考评估内容,而后者又包括区分事实与观点、评判信息来源和进行准确推理。
四、试题具体分析
11.If you cannot remember what yo
11.如果你不能记住所阅读或学习的内容,________。[A] 这毫不出奇
[B] 这意味着你没有真正学到任何东西 [C] 这意味着你没有选对阅读的书籍
[D] 你意识到这无所谓 [A] it is no surprise [B] it means you have not really learned anything [C] it means you have not chosen the right book [D] you realize it is of no importance 【分析】本题所考查的知识点是:具体细节题。
第一段指出如果你不能记住你所读或所学的内容的话,就是在浪费宝贵的时间,即你没有从中学到任何东西,[B]选项正确。
[A]和[D]选项偷换概念,第一段指出,如果不能记住所读或所学的内容,那么所读或所学内容无关紧要,这一点毫不出奇,而非“不能记住所读或所学内容”不出奇或无关紧要。[C]选项无干干扰,从文中无从推知。
12.Before you start reading, it i[A] to make sure why you are reading [B] to relate the information to your purpose [C] to remember what you read [D] to choose an interesting book
12.在你开始阅读之前,有必要________。
[A] 确定你阅读的原因 [B] 将信息与目的联系起来 [C] 记住你所读的内容 [D] 选择有趣的读物
【分析】本题所考查的知识点是:具体细节题。
第二段提出一种帮助记忆的可靠方法,即有目的或有原因的阅读,换句话说,就是在阅读前确定阅读的目的或原因。[A]选项正确。
[B]和[C]选项张冠李戴,它们是阅读和记忆过程中的步骤,而非阅读前的步骤。[D]选项无中生有。
13.Reading activity invo[A] only two simultaneous processes [B] primarily learning about ideas and evaluating them critically [C] merely distinguishing between facts and opinions [D] mainly drawing accurate inferences
13.阅读行为包括________。[A] 仅仅两个同时发生的过程
[B] 主要是理解内容和批判性地评估内容
[C] 仅仅区分事实与观点 [D] 主要进行准确推理
【分析】本题所考查的知识点是:具体细节题。由题干关键词reading activity定位到文章第六段。第六段首句指出阅读并非一项独立的行为,它包括至少两个同时发生的重要过程。③④句列出这两个过程:迅速而准确地理解内容和以自己的思维表述对所读内容的反应。[B]选项是对这两个过程的同义改写,为正确项。[A]选项以偏概全,第六段首句指出阅读行为至少包括(at least)两个同时发生的过程,而非仅仅(only)这两个过程。[C]和[D]选项张冠李戴,“区分事实与观点”和“进行正确推理”是最后两段提到的“对所阅读的内容进行思考的附加过程”的部分内容,而非阅读行为的直接过程。一般而言,带有绝对意味的限定性词语的选项(如only和merely)都不是正确项。
14.A good reader is one 14.一位好读者是________。[A] relates what he reads to his own knowledge about [A] 将其所读的内容与其了解的主题相关知识联系the subject matter 起来
[B] does lots of thinking in his reading [B] 在阅读过程中进行大量思考 [C] takes a critical attitude in his reading [C] 对阅读采取批判性的态度 [D] is able to check the facts presented against what he [D] 能够将所读到的事实与已知事实核对
has already known 【分析】本题所考查的知识点是:具体细节题。
由题干关键词“a good reader”定位到第七段。②句明确指出,一位好读者就是一位批判性的读者。[C]选项是这句话的同义改写,为正确项。
[A]、[B]和[D]选项以偏概全,第七、八段论述批判性阅读,指出思考阅读内容的过程包括评估内容、将所读内容与已知内容进行联系、根据自己的目的进行应用;而批判性阅读则包括区分事实与观点、评判内容来源、进行准确推理。[A]选项是思考过程中的一点;[B]选项仅提及阅读中思考这一要素,而忽略批判性阅读的其他要素;[D]选项也只提到批判性阅读中的两点,因此其他三项都不完整。
五、全文翻译
如果你不能记住你所读或者所学的东西,那你读什么或学什么就无关紧要了,这一点毫不出奇。这样不过是浪费宝贵时间罢了。不过,或许你早已发现一些聪明的方法来避免遗忘。一种帮助你记住所学内容的可靠方法就是有目的或有原因的阅读。如果你清楚你为何而阅读,那么你对所阅读的内容就会记得更牢靠些。当你拒绝商店售货员的帮助(“不,谢谢,我只是看看”)时,为什么售货员就转身走开了呢?这是因为你和她都知道,如果你不确定自己要什么,你也不大可能会有所收获。然而,假设你的回答是“是的,谢谢,我想买一副太阳镜。”她会回答,“好的,请这边走。”然后你和她就向“目的地”走去——都迫切地去寻找你想要的东西。这与你的学习过程非常相似。如果你随机选择了一本书,“只是看看”而不是寻找具体东西,那么你所得到的很可能是——一无所获。但是,如果你知道你想要什么,而你手头又有正确的书,那么你几乎肯定会获得你所想要的东西。你的缘由可能大不相同:阅读或学习是为了“找出更多信息”、“为了理解原因”和“为了找出方法”。一个好学生对于他所做的事情总有一个明确的目的或原因。
这就是奏效的方法。在开始学习之前,你这样告诉自己,“我想知道斯蒂芬·文森特·贝尼特为什么这样描写美国。我读这篇文章就是要找出原因。”或者“我要通读这篇文章,看看中世纪英格兰的生活到底是什么样子的。”由于你知道阅读或学习的原因,你就可以将这些信息与你的目的紧密联系,并更好地记住它。
阅读并不是一项独立的行为,期间至少两个重要过程同时发生。在阅读时,你能够迅速而又准确地理解内容,同时在对所读内容予以反应时也在表述自己的思想。你与作者进行一种精神对话。如果你口头表述你的想法的话,它们很可能是“是的,我同意,我的想法也是这样。”或是“嗯……,我以为这项纪录早就被打破了。我最好还是再查查日期。”或是“但是还要考虑一些其他的事实!”你并不只是坐在那里理解内容——你还在做其他的事情,而这些事情往往非常重要。
对所阅读的内容进行思考的附加过程包括评估这些内容、将其与已知信息相联系,并根据自身目的来进行应用。换句话说,一位好读者也是一位批判性的读者。正如你所发现的,批判性阅读的一部分就是区分事实与观点。事实可以通过证据来确认,而观点只是个人反应。批判性阅读的还包括评判来源和进行准确推理。Text 2 ①If you live in a large city, you are quite familiar with some of the problems of noise, but because of some of its harmful effects, you may not be aware of the extent of its influence on human behavior.②Although everyone more or less knows what noise is, i.e., it is sounds that one would rather not hear, it is perhaps best to define it more precisely for scientific purposes.③One such definition is that noise is sounds that are unrelated to the task at hand.④Thus stimuli that at one time might be considered relevant will at another time be considered noise, depending on what one is doing at the moment.⑤In recent years there has been a great deal of interest in the effects of noise on human behavior, and concepts such as “noise pollution” have arisen, together with movements to reduce noise.①Exposure to loud noises can definitely produce a partial or complete loss of hearing, depending on the intensity, duration, and frequency composition of the noise.②Many jobs present noise hazards, such as working in factories and around jet aircraft, driving farm tractors, and working(or sitting)in music halls where rock bands are playing.③In general, continuous exposure to sounds of over 80 decibels(a measure of the loudness of sound)can be considered dangerous.④Decibel values correspond to various sounds.⑤Sounds above about 85 decibels may, if exposure is for a sufficient period of time, produce significant hearing loss.⑥Actual loss will depend upon the particular frequencies to which one is exposed, and whether the sound is continuous or intermittent.Noise can have unexpected harmful effects on performance of certain kinds of tasks, for instance, if one is performing a watch keeping task that requires vigilance, in which he is responsible for detecting weak signals of some kind(e.g., watching a radar screen for the appearance of aircraft).①Communicating with other people is unfavorably affected by noise.②If you have ridden in the rear of a jet transport, you may have noticed that it was difficult to carry on a conversation at first, and that, eventually, you adjusted the loudness of your speech to compensate for the effect.③The problem is noise.一、词汇
1.extent n.范围,程度
2.at hand在手边
3.stimulin(stimulus的复数形式)刺激 4.exposure n.(to sth)暴露(在…下)5.intensity n.强度,强烈
6.duration n.持续 7.frequency n.频繁,频率
8.hazard n.危险,危害 9.decibel n.分贝
10.measure n.量度 11.correspond to相应于,符合于
12.intermittent a.间歇的,断断续续的 13.vigilance n.警戒
14.detect v.检测,发现 15.rear n.后面,背后
二、长难句
1.Thus stimuli that at one time might be considered relevant will at another time be considered noise, depending on what one is doing at the moment.该句的主干是Thus stimuli will be considered noise,主语stimuli后接有that引导的定语从句做后置定语;谓语部分有介词短语at another time做时间状语。句末分词depending on …做条件状语。
翻译:因此,根据人们手头的工作,某些时候的刺激在另外一些时候就是噪音。
2.Sounds above about 85 decibels may, if exposure is for a sufficient period of time, produce significant hearing loss.该句的主干是Sounds may produce significant hearing loss,介词短语above about 85 decibels做后置定语,修饰主语名词sounds。插入语部分为if条件句,做条件状语,修饰谓语动词。翻译:如果呆在超过85分贝噪音环境中的时间足够长,将会造成严重的听力丧失。
3.Actual loss will depend upon the particular frequencies to which one is exposed, and whether the sound is continuous or intermittent.该句的主干为Actual loss will depend upon the particular frequencies … and whether …,其中depend upon后接有and连接的并列名词结构做介词宾语。第一个名词frequencies后接有to which引导的定语从句做后置定语;第二个为whether引导的宾语从句。
翻译:实际的听力丧失程度要看噪音的具体频率和噪音是持续性的还是间歇性的。
4.Noise can have unexpected harmful effects on performance of certain kinds of tasks, for instance, if one is performing a watch keeping task that requires vigilance, in which he is responsible for detecting weak signals of some kind(e.g., watching a radar screen for the appearance of aircraft).该句为主从复合句。主句为Noise can have unexpected harmful effects on performance of certain kinds of tasks,have effects on sth意为“对……有影响”。if引导条件从句,其主干为one is performing a watch keeping task,that引导的定语从句修饰a watch keeping task。该定语从句的主干为that(a watch keeping task)requires vigilance,in which引导的定语从句做后置定语,修饰名词vigilance。
翻译:在某些任务的工作过程中,噪声会造成意想不到的危害。例如,一个人正执行一件需要高度警惕的观察工作,负责检测某种弱信号(如,观察雷达屏幕上飞行器的出现)。5.If you have ridden in the rear of a jet transport, you may have noticed that it was difficult to carry on a conversation at first, and that, eventually, you adjusted the loudness of your speech to compensate for the effect.该句为主从复合句。句首为if引导的条件状语从句,句子主干为you may have noticed that …and that …,其宾语由and连接的两个that引导的宾语从句构成。
翻译:如果你坐在喷气式飞机的后部,首先你会注意到进行谈话是多么困难,最终,你不得不提高音量来抵消噪音的影响。
三、文章结构分析
这篇文章主要探讨噪音对人类及其行为的有害影响。文章主题明确,层次清晰,总体结构为总分结构,可以分为两个部分。第一部分为总(第一段):提出噪音现象,给出噪音定义,并指出人们开始关注噪音对人类行为的影响。
第二部分为分(第二、三和四段):论述噪音对人类及其行为的有害影响。第二段指出噪音会造成人类听力的部分或完全丧失。第三段指出噪音会对某些工作执行造成意想不到的危害。第四段指出噪音会对人际交流造成不良影响。
四、试题具体分析
15.Noise differs from sound15.噪音与声音的不同之处在于噪音是________。[A] it is sounds that interfere with the task being done [A] 干扰人们工作的声音
[B] it is a special type of loud sound [B] 一种特别类型的大音量的声音 [C] it is usually unavoidable in big cities [C] 在大城市中通常难以避免 [D] it can be defined more precisely than the latter [D] 其定义可以比声音的定义更加准确
【分析】本题所考查的知识点是:具体细节题。
众所周知,噪音是声音的一种。文章首段给出了噪音的两种定义,一种是人们的通俗定义,噪音是人们不想听到的声音;另一种是较为准确的科学定义,噪音是与当前任务无关的声音,即干扰人们工作的声音。[A]选项是第二种定义的同义改写,为正确项。
[B]选项以偏概全,音量大是噪音的特点之一,但并非噪音的唯一特点。[C]和[D]选项利用文中出现词语large city、define和precisely捏造无关干扰。
16.One of the harmful effects of noise on hu16.噪音对人类工作的有害影响之一是________。[A] it reduces one‟s sensitivity [A] 降低人们的敏感性 [B] it renders the victim helpless [B] 使受害者感到无助 [C] it deprives one of the enjoyment of music [C] 剥夺人们享受音乐的快乐 [D] it drowns out conversations at worksites [D] 淹没人们在工作地点的对话
【分析】本题所考查的知识点是:具体细节题。
第二、三和四段论述噪音对人类的有害影响。第三段指出噪音会干扰某些任务的执行,该段以一项需要高度警惕的观察工作(如监测雷达屏幕上飞行器的出现)为例暗示噪音会分散观察者的注意力,即降低人们的敏感性,[A]选项正确。
[B]和[C]选项从文中无从推知。[D]选项利用第四段“噪音对人际交流产生不良影响”进行干扰,但文中指出人们会根据噪音音量来提高自己说话的音量,而不是对话完全被噪音淹没。
17.The purpose of this pas[A] to define the effects of noise on human behavior [B] to warn people of the danger of noise pollution [C] to give advice as to how to prevent hearing loss [D] to tell the difference between noise and sound
17.这篇文章的目的是________。[A] 确定噪音对人类行为的影响 [B] 警告人们噪音污染的危险 [C] 提供如何避免听力丧失的建议 [D] 叙述噪音与声音之间的差异
【分析】本题所考查的知识点是:文章主旨题。
这篇文章采取总分结构探讨噪音对人类及其行为的影响。第一段为总,提出噪音现象以及人们对噪音对人类行为的影响的关注。第二、三和四段为分,论述噪音对人类行为的具体影响,包括造成人类听力部分或完全丧失、影响工作任务的执行、阻碍人际交流。[A]选项是文章内容的总体概括,为正确项。
[B]和[D]选项以偏概全,[B]仅能概括文章第二段部分内容,即噪音会造成听力丧失(噪音污染的危险之一);[D]仅提及第一段噪音定义的部分内容,两者都不能完全概括全篇内容。[C]选项无中生有,文章第二段提及噪音会造成听力丧失,但作者并未就此提出任何建议。
五、全文翻译
如果你居住在一个大城市,对噪音问题就再熟悉不过了,然而,因为关注它的一些有害影响,你可能没有意识到它对人们行为举止的影响程度。虽然每个人都或多或少知道噪音是什么(即人们不想听到的声音),但是最好是从科学目的角度来为其更准确地下定义。其中的一种定义是:噪音是与当前任务无关的声音。因此,根据人们手头的工作,某些时候的刺激在另外一些时候就是噪音。最近几年,人们对噪音对人类行为的影响产生极大兴趣,诸如“噪音污染”的概念也随之出现,同时出现的还有减少噪音的种种行动。置身于嘈杂环境无疑能造成听力的部分或完全丧失,这要看噪声的强度、持续时间和频率构成。目前许多工作都存在噪音危害,如工作在工厂中或喷气机的周围、驾驶农场拖拉机、在演奏摇滚乐的音乐厅中工作(或仅仅身处其中)。一般来说,持续呆在超过80分贝(判断声音大小的度量)的噪音环境中被认为是危险的。分贝的大小和各种声音的大小一致。如果呆在超过85分贝噪音环境中的时间足够长,将会造成严重的听力丧失。实际的听力丧失程度要看噪音的具体频率和噪音是持续性的还是间歇性的。
在某些任务的工作过程中,噪声会造成意想不到的危害。例如,一个人正执行一件需要高度警惕的观察工作,负责检测某种弱信号(如,观察雷达屏幕上飞行器的出现)。噪音对人际交流也会产生不良影响。如果你坐在喷气式飞机的后部,首先你会注意到进行谈话是多么困难,最终,你不得不提高音量来抵消噪音的影响。噪音就是问题的根源。
Text 3 ①The traditional belief that a woman‟s place is in the home and that a woman ought not to go out to work can hardly be reasonably maintained in present conditions.②It is said that it is a woman‟s task to care for the children, but families today tend to be small and with a year or two between children.③Thus a woman‟s whole period of childbearing may occur within five years.④Furthermore, with compulsory education from the age of five or six her role as chief educator of her children soon ceases.⑤Thus, even if we agree that a woman should stay at home to look after her children before they are of school age, for many women, this period would extend only for about ten years.①It might be argued that the house-proud woman would still find plenty to do about the home.②That may be so, but it is certainly no longer necessary for a woman to spend her whole life cooking, cleaning, mending and sewing.③Washing machines take the drudgery out of laundry, the latest models being entirely automatic and able to wash and dry a large quantity of clothes in a few minutes.④Refrigerators have made it possible to store food for long periods and many pre-cooked foods are obtainable in tins.⑤Shopping, instead of being a daily task, can be completed in one day a week.⑥The new man-made fibers are more hardwiring than natural fibers and greatly reduce mending, while good ready-made clothes are cheap and plentiful.①Apart from women‟s own happiness, the needs of the community must be considered.②Modern society cannot do well without the contribution that women can make in professions and other kinds of work.③There is a serious shortage of nurses and teachers, to mention only two of the occupations followed by women.④It is extremely wasteful to give years of training at public expense only to have the qualified teacher or nurse marry after a year or two and be lost forever to her profession.⑤The training, it is true, will help her in duties as a mother, but if she continued to work, her service would be more widely useful.⑥Many factories and shops, too, are largely staffed by women, many of them married.⑦While here the question of training is not so important, industry and trade would be seriously short of staff if married women did not work.一、词汇
1.maintain v.维持,保养
2.compulsory a.义务的 3.cease v.停止
4.drudgery n.苦差事,苦工 5.laundry n.要洗的衣服,洗衣
6.fiber n.纤维
二、长难句
1.The traditional belief that a woman‟s place is in the home and that a woman ought not to go out to work can hardly be reasonably maintained in present conditions.该句主干为The traditional belief …can hardly be reasonably maintained,主语名词belief后接有两个that连接的从句做同位语。
翻译:传统观念认为女性属于家庭而非外出工作,但这一观念已经不再适用于当今情况。2.Washing machines take the drudgery out of laundry, the latest models being entirely automatic and able to wash and dry a large quantity of clothes in a few minutes.该句主干为Washing machines take the drudgery out of laundry,“名词the latest models +分词being entirely automatic and able to”构成的独立主格结构做结果状语。翻译:洗衣机承担了洗衣这一苦差事,最新型的全自动洗衣机可以在几分钟之内清洗并甩干大量衣物。
3.It is extremely wasteful to give years of training at public expense only to have the qualified teacher or nurse marry after a year or two and be lost forever to her profession.该句主干为It is extremely wasteful to,it为形式主语,不定式结构为真正的主语。不定式结构中又有不定式结构only to have the qualified teacher or nurse marry and be lost forever…做结果状语。
翻译:社会花费大量时间与财力培养合格教师或护士,而她们工作一两年之后便结婚,从此便不再工作,这是多大的浪费啊!
三、文章结构分析
这篇文章探讨女性位置的归属。作者从传统观念切入,从女性照顾和教育孩子的职责、承担家庭事务和参与社会工作三个角度进行分析,指出女性除了照顾家庭之外还应该在社会上工作,即女性不单属于家庭,也属于社会。
第一段开门见山,提出主题:女性的归属。传统观念认为女性属于家庭,天职是照顾孩子。随后作者从职责角度分析女性归属不再仅限于家庭,原因在于:一是家庭规模变小,二是女性生育期限减小,三是女性教育孩子时间缩短。
第二段从家庭角度进行分析:现代家庭设备(家用电器、冷冻食品、人造纤维、成装等)的发展大大减轻女性在家庭中的负担与劳动量。第三段从社会角度进行分析:现代社会的良好运行需要女性的贡献。以护士与教师两大职业以及工业和贸易中女性的重要性为例指出女性对社会发展不可或缺。
四、试题具体分析
18.The author holds that ________.18.作者认为________。[A] the right place for all women, married or otherwise, is [A] 不论已婚与否,所有女性的正确位置都属于the home, not elsewhere 家庭而非其他地方 [B] all married women should have some occupation outside the home [C] a married woman should give first priority to her duties as a mother [D] it is desirable for uneducated married women to stay at home and take care of the family
[B] 所有已婚女性都应该在家庭之外有一份职
业
[C] 已婚女性应当以母亲的责任为重 [D] 没有接受教育的已婚女性应当留在家中照
顾家庭
【分析】本题所考查的知识点是:作者观点题。
文章第一段首句指出传统观念认为女性属于家庭而不应外出工作,但这一观念已经不再适用于当今社会。随后作者从女性照顾和教育孩子的职责、承担家庭事务和参与社会工作三个角度展开分析论述,说明女性的归属不再仅限于家庭,她们应当外出工作,为社会做出自己的贡献,而社会也需要她们的贡献。[B]选项正确。
[A]、[C]和[D]选项反向干扰,这三者都是传统观念,而不是作者的观点。
19.A house-proud woman ________.[A] would devote her whole life to her family [B] would take her own happiness and that of her family as her chief concern [C] would still need some special training at public expense to help her in her duties as a housewife [D] would take full advantage of modern household appliances
19.以家庭为重的女性________。[A] 把她的整个生活都奉献给家庭 [B] 把自己与其家庭的幸福放在首位 [C] 还需要社会支付费用来接受特殊培训以实
现其作为家庭主妇的责任 [D] 应当充分利用现代家庭设备 【分析】本题所考查的知识点是:具体细节题。
由题干关键词“house-proud woman”定位到文章第二段。第二段①句指出有些人认为以家庭为重的女性在家中总有很多事情可做。但接下来作者指出,现代家庭设备(洗衣机、电冰箱、罐装的冷冻食品、简便购物、人造纤维和成装)的发展大大减轻了女性在家庭中的劳动量,而女性应该充分利用这些条件,[D]选项正确。
[A]选项常识干扰,这属于传统观念,并非文章中作者所论述的观点。[B]和[C]选项利用文中出现词语women’s own happiness、training at public expense和help her in duties as a mother进行干扰,[B]选项从文中无从推知,[C]选项是作者反对的观念,作者认为女性应当利用自己所接受的培训为社会做出贡献,而非仅为实现家庭角色。
20.According to the author, modern society ________.[A] can operate just as well even without women participation [B] has been greatly hampered in its development by the shortage of women nurses and women teachers [C] cannot operate properly without the contribution of women [D] will be seriously affected by the continuing shortage of working women in heavy industries and international trade
20.作者认为现代社会________。[A] 即使没有女性参与其中也能很好地运行 [B] 由于缺乏女性护士与教师而大大阻碍了
其发展
[C] 没有女性的贡献而无法良好运行 [D] 将继续受到重工业与国际贸易中女性工
作人员短缺的严重影响
【分析】本题所考查的知识点是:作者观点题。第三段②句明确指出,如果没有女性在各个职业领域所做出的贡献,现代社会将无法良好运行,[C]选项正确。
[A]选项反向干扰。[B]选项以偏概全,第三段仅是利用护士与教师两大职业中女性的重要性说明女性对于社会发展不可或缺。[D]选项过度引申,首先文中提到的是工业与贸易两大领域,并未具体到重工业与国际贸易;其次最后一段末句所提出的是一种假设的现象,而并非事实。
五、全文翻译
传统观念认为女性属于家庭而非外出工作,但这一观念已经不再适用于当今情况。人们认为照顾孩子是女性的天职,但是如今的家庭规模变小,孩子之间的年龄仅相差一两岁,这样女性生育孩子的整个期限也不过五年。此外,由于孩子在五六岁时开始接受义务教育,女性作为其子女主要教育者的角色也随之终止。因此,即使我们都赞同女性在孩子入学之前应当留在家中照顾他们,这段时间最长也不过十年。
有人可以辩解说,以家庭为重的女性在家庭中总有很多事情要做。这或许是事实,但是很显然,女性没必要花一辈子时间来做饭、打扫和缝缝补补。洗衣机承担了洗衣这一苦差事,最新型的全自动洗衣机可以在几分钟之内清洗并甩干大量衣物。电冰箱可以长时间存储食物,并且现在很多冷冻食物都是罐装,方便获取。购物已经不是每日必做的事情,你可以在一天之内完成一周的采购。新型的人造纤维比自然纤维更耐穿,这大大减少了缝缝补补的需要,而成装既价格便宜又货源充足。除了女性本身的幸福之外,社会的需要也必须纳入考虑之中。如果没有女性在职业领域和其他各种工作中的贡献,现代社会无法良好运行。护士与教师领域人才短缺,而这只是两种女性主导的职业。社会花费大量时间与财力培养合格教师或护士,而她们工作一两年之后便结婚,从此便不再工作,这是多大的浪费啊!确实,这种培训会帮助她们做一个更好的妈妈,但是如果她们继续工作,她们的服务将为社会带来更多的利益。很多工厂与商店的工作人员也是女性,大多数都是已婚者。尽管培训在这种情况下不是主要问题,但是如果已婚女性不再工作的话,工业和贸易就会遭遇人员短缺的窘境。
Section III English-Chinese Translation
Translate the following passage into Chinese.Only the underlined sentences are to be translated.(20 points)
Seated behind the front desk at a New York firm, the receptionist was efficient.Stylishly dressed, the firm‟s newest employee had a pleasant telephone voice and a natural charm that put clients at ease.The company was pleased:(21)Clearly, this was a person who took considerable pride in personal appearance.David King, the receptionist, is unusual, but by no means unique.(22)Just as all truck drivers and construction workers are no longer necessarily men, all secretaries and receptionists are no longer automatically women.The number of men in women-dominated fields is still small and they haven‟t attracted the attention that has often followed women advancing into male-dominated fields, but men are moving into more and more jobs that have traditionally been held by women.Strictly speaking, the phenomenon is not new.For the past several decades, men have been quietly entering fields such as nursing, social work and elementary education.But today no job seems off-limits.Men serve coffee in offices and meals on airplanes.(23)These changes are helping to influence some of the long-standing traditions about the types of work men and women can do--but they also produce some undeniable problems for the men who are entering those fields formerly dominated by women.What kinds of men venture into these so-called “women‟s fields”? All kinds.(24)“I don‟t know of any definite answers I‟d be comfortable with,” explains Joseph Pleck, Ph.D., of the Wellesley College Centre for Research on Women.Sam Ormont, for example, a thirty-year-old nurse at a Boston hospital, went into nursing because the army had trained him as a medical worker.(25)“I found that work very interesting.” he recalled, “and when I got out of the service it just seemed natural for me to go into something medical.I wasn‟t really interested in becoming a doctor.” Thirty-five-year-old David King, an out-of-work actor, found a job as a receptionist because he was having trouble landing roles in Broadway plays and he needed to pay the rent.(26)In other words, men enter “female” jobs out of the same consideration for personal interest and economic necessity that motivates anyone looking for work.But similarities often end there.Men in female-dominated jobs are conspicuous.As a group, their work histories differ in most respects from those of their female colleagues, and they are frequently treated differently by the people with whom they are in professional contact.The question naturally arises: Why are there still approximately ninety-nine female secretaries for every one male? There is also a more serious issue.Most men don‟t want to be receptionists, nurses, secretaries or sewing workers.Put simply, these are not generally considered very masculine jobs.(27)To choose such a line of work is to invite ridicule.“There was kidding in the beginning,” recalls Ormont.“Kids coming from school ask what I am, and when I say „A nurse,‟ they laugh at me.I just smile and say, „You know, there are female doctors, too.‟”
Still, there are encouraging signs.Years ago, male grade school teachers were as rare as male nurses.Today more than one elementary school teacher in six is male.(28)Can we anticipate a day when secretaries will be an even mix of men and women — or when the mention of a male nurse will no longer raise eyebrows? It‟s probably coming--but not very soon.一、试题结构分析
本文第一至三段指出男性正在从事越来越多传统上由女性承担的工作,而且这些变化影响着长期存在的有关男性和女性工作的传统观念。第四至六段分析指出男性从事女性工作的动机和其他找工作的动机一样:出于个人的兴趣或经济上需要的考虑。第七、八段指出问题仍然存在:从事传统女性工作的男性仍然很少,而且会惹人笑话。第九段以小学教师和男护士人数增加为例说明仍然有令人鼓舞的迹象,并展望未来从事传统女性职业的男性会和女性一样多。
二、试题具体解析
21.本题考核的知识点是:定语从句。【句子结构】该句的主干为this was a person,who引导的定语从句做后置定语,修饰person。副词clearly为插入语,用来表示说话者对句子所表达的意思的态度。【词义确定】take pride in意为“以...为豪”。considerable意为“相当的,可观的”。【翻译】显然,他是个对自己的仪表感到相当自豪的人。22.本题考核的知识点是:方式状语从句。
【句子结构】该句为主从复合句,句首为Just as引导的方式状语从句。【词义确定】necessarily意为“必然,必定”。automatically意为“自动地”。【翻译】正像卡车司机和建筑工人再没必要都是男的一样,所有秘书和接待员再也不一定都是女的。
23.本题考核的知识点是:并列分句,定语从句。
【句子结构】 该句由but连接的两个并列分句构成。前一分句的主干为These changes are helping to influence some of the long-standing traditions,名词短语the types of work后接有省略关系代词的定语从句(that)men and women can do。后一分句的主干为they also produce some undeniable problems for the men,who引导的定语从句做后置定语,修饰名词men。【词义确定】long-standing意为“长期存在的”。undeniable意为“不可否认的”。【翻译】这些变化正影响着长期存在的传统观念中关于男女各可以干哪几类工作的看法,但这对于进入原先以妇女为主的那些的男人来说,无疑也带来一些问题。24.本题考核的知识点是:定语从句。
【句子结构】该句的主干为I don‟t know of any definite answers,名词answers后接有省略关系代词的定语从句(that)I‟d be comfortable with。【词义确定】know of意为“知道,听说”。
【翻译】我还没听说过有任何使我感到满意的确切答案。25.本题考核的知识点是:宾语从句,时间状语从句。
【句子结构】该句是主从复合句,宾语从句由直接引语构成。该从句是and连接的两个并列分句:I found that work very interesting and it just seemed natural for me to …。第二个分句中含有when引导的时间状语从句。
【词义确定】out of the service意为“退职(役)”。go into意为“从事”。
【翻译】他回忆说:“我觉得那种工作十分有趣,当我退役时,对我来说,去干某种医务工作,似乎是极其自然的。
26.本题考核的知识点是:介词短语表原因,定语从句
【句子结构】该句主干为men enter “female” jobs,介词短语out of the same consideration for personal interest and economic necessity …做状语,表示“出于……的原因”。that引导的定语从句做后置定语,修饰名词短语personal interest and economic necessity。【词义确定】necessity意为“需要,必需品,必然”。motivate意为“激发,给予动机”。【翻译】换句话说,男人干起了“女人干的”工作,其动机是同任何找工作干的人一样,既出于个人的兴趣,也出于经济上需要的考虑。27.本题考核的知识点是:并列分句。
【句子结构】该句的主语和表语都是不定式构成。【词义确定】line of work意为“职业”。invite意为“招致(尤指坏事)”。ridicule意为“嘲笑,愚弄”。
【翻译】选定这一类工作是会惹人笑话的。28.本题考核的知识点是:并列分句。【句子结构】该句的主干为Can we anticipate a day,两个when引导的定语从句做后置定语,修饰名词a day,具体说明什么样的一天。【词义确定】mix意为“混合”。raise eyebrows意为“扬起眉毛;怀疑、吃惊的表情”。【翻译】我们是否能预见到这么一天:那时当秘书的男女各占一半或有人提到某个男人当护士时,人们不会再感到吃惊?
三、全文翻译
坐在一家纽约公司前台后面的接待员非常有效率。
这家公司穿着入时的新职员接电话时有着悦耳的声音和自然的魅力,这使客户感到自在。公司非常满意:(21)显然,他是个对自己的仪表感到相当自豪的人。接待员大卫·金不同寻常,但绝非独特。(22)正像卡车司机和建筑工人再没必要都是男的一样,所有秘书和接待员再也不一定都是女的。在以女性为主导的领域男性的数量仍然很少,他们也没有像进入以男性为主的领域的女性那样常常得到关注。但是男性正在从事越来越多传统上由女性承担的工作。
严格来讲,这不是新现象。过去几十年中,男性已经悄悄地进入护理、社会工作和基础教育等领域。但是,如今没有什么工作似乎是超出范围的。男性也在办公室准备咖啡、在飞机上准备食物。(23)这些变化正影响着长期存在的传统观念中关于男女各可以干哪几类工作的看法,但这对于进入原先以妇女为主的那些的男人来说,无疑也带来一些问题。什么样的男性冒险进入这些所谓的“女性领域”呢?各种各样的男性。(24)“我还没听说过有任何使我感到满意的确切答案”,威尔斯利大学女性研究中心的约瑟芬·普莱克博士解释说。
比如,在一家波士顿医院工作的30岁护士萨姆·沃蒙特从事护理工作,因为军队曾训练他成为医务工作者。(25)他回忆说:“我觉得那种工作十分有趣,当我退役时,对我来说,去干某种医务工作,似乎是极其自然的。我对于成为医生并不真的感兴趣。”三十五岁的大卫·金是一位失业的演员,他找了一份接待员的工作,因为他很难在百老汇得到合适的角色,却需要支付房租。
(26)换句话说,男人干起了“女人干的”工作,其动机是同任何找工作干的人一样,既出于个人的兴趣,也出于经济上需要的考虑。但是相似性也仅此而已。承担女性主导的工作的男性是很明显的。他们这个群体的工作历史在大部分方面与其女性同事不同。他们经常从那些在职业上有接触的人那里得到不同的待遇。问题自然产生了:为什么仍然有99个女秘书,而只有1个男秘书?还有一个更严重的问题。大部分男性不想成为接待员、护士、秘书或缝纫工。简单的说,这些工作通常不被认为是男性化的工作。(27)选定这一类工作是会惹人笑话的。
沃蒙特回忆说:“最初只是开玩笑。从学校来的孩子们问我是谁,当我说“是护士”,他们都嘲笑我。我只是笑着说“知道吗,也有女医生”。但是仍然令人鼓舞的迹象。多年前,小学教师和男护士一样稀有。如今,六个小学老师中至少有一个是男性。(28)我们是否能预见到这么一天:那时当秘书的男女各占一半或有人提到某个男人当护士时,人们不会再感到吃惊?