第一篇:2008-2011年考研英语真题英译汉翻译
2008年真题参考译文
达尔文在其自传中用极其谦逊的口气评价了自己的智力。他指出,想要简洁明了地表达自己观点的时候,他总会遇到很大的困难。46)他相信,正是这种困难或许能够扬长补短,以使他长时间专注地思考每一个句子;因此,使他能在推理和自己的观察中发现自己的缺点。他认为自己完全不具备杰出的赫胥黎那样的反应速度和理解力。47)他还断言,在深入理解冗长且完全抽象的一系列观点上,他的能力很有限。鉴于此,他曾深信自己在数学方面本来就不该获得成功。他还认为自己的记忆杂乱而模糊,从某一个方面来说,甚至是很糟糕,以至于他记住某个日子或者是一行诗歌的话,几天就能忘记。48)另一方面,批评家指责他尽管善于观察,但却不能推理,对此,他并不接受且认为毫无依据。他认为,这种批评是错误的,因为《物种起源》这本书从头到尾都是长篇大论,却说服了很多有才华的人。他承认,如果不具备推理能力,没有人能够写出这样的书。他愿意这样说自己:“我具有一定的发现能力和常识判断能力,正如每一个成功的律师和医生必须具备的一样;但是,我认为,我的水平不高。”49)他谦虚地补充道,或许他“和普通人比起来,更能够注意到那些别人容易忽略的细节,更能够对此加以仔细观察”。
在生命最后一年的写作中,他表示,在过去的二三十年中,他的思想在两三个方面发生了变化。到三十多岁的时候,诗歌带给他极大的快乐以前,绘画也能给他带来兴致,而音乐能给他无穷的乐趣。然而,他在1881年说:“这几年来,读一行诗,我就受不了。我也几乎快要丧失了自己对音乐和绘画的品味了。”50)达尔文认为,失去对音乐和绘画方面的兴趣,不仅失去了幸福,而且还可能损伤智力,甚至更可能损伤道德。
2009年真题参考译文
每个人在与别人共同生活中所受到的教育和有意识地对年轻人进行的教育,这两者有明显的区别。就前者而言,教育是偶然的;这种教育是自然的、重要的,但它并不是人类联合的确切的原因。46)可以说,要衡量任何社会制度的价值,就要看它对扩大和改进经验方面的影 1
响,但是这种影响并不是其初始动机的一部分。例如宗教的联合始于希望取得统治力量的恩赐和避开罪恶的影响;家庭生活始于希望满足各种欲望和使家庭永存;系统性的劳动,主要是为了奴役别人,等等。47)这种制度附带产生的影响只能逐渐地得到认识;而在实行这种制度的过程中,认识到这种效果具有指导作用的过程则更加缓慢。甚至在今天,在我们的工业社会中,除了某些勤奋和节俭的价值观念以外,世间工作得以进行的人类联合的各种形式的理智的和情感的反应,和物质产品比较起来,所受到的关注微乎其微。
但是对待年轻人,人类联合的事实本身,作为当前的人类事实,具有极其的重要性。48)在我们和年轻人接触的时候,虽然容易忽略我们的行为对他们性格的影响,但这并不像与成年人打交道那么简单。训练的需要太明显了,改变他们的态度和习惯的要求很急迫,以致不能对这些后果完全不加以考虑。49)既然我们的主要任务在于使年轻人参与共同生活,我们不能不考虑我们是否正在形成一种力量,这种力量可以确保我们获得这种能力。如果人类在认识各种制度的最终价值在于它对人生的特殊影响这一点上已经取得一定进展,我们可以深信,这个启示主要是通过和年轻人相处学到的。
50)因此,在上述(目前为止已经考虑到的)宽泛的教育过程中,可以使我们区别出一种更正规的教育,即直接教导或学校教育。在不发达的社会群体中,很少有正规的教学和训练这些群体为把必需的性格灌输给年轻人,主要依靠使成年人忠于他们群体的相同的联合。
2010年真题参考译文
完全以经济动机为依据的保护系统的根本弱点是生物群落的大多数成员都没有经济价值。然而,这些动物都是生物群落的成员,如果它的稳定取决于其完整性的话,他们有权继续生存下去。
当其中一个非经济范畴受到威胁,如果我们碰巧喜欢它,我们就会编造借口赋予它经济意义。在世纪初鸣禽原本应消失,46)科学家们赶紧拿出某些明显站不住脚的证据前来救驾,大致说的是如果鸟儿不能控制害虫的话,害虫就会把我们吃掉。必须有经济利益的证据才有合法性。
今天,读到这些转弯抹角的解释让人痛心。我们仍然没有土地伦理,47)但是我们至少已经几乎承认鸟儿的生存是它们的固有权利,不管它对我们是否有经济利益。
类似的情况在哺乳类动物和食鱼鸟中也存在。48)曾几何时,生物学家总是重述以下的这条证据:这些生物是为了维持食物链的正常运行去捕食弱小的生物或它们只是去捕食“没有价值的物种”。
有些品种的树木已经被有经济头脑的林务员清除出去了,因为它们发育过慢或价值太低,不能做木材树种。49)在欧洲,其林业在生态上更加发达,公益林木被认为是原始森林群落的一部分,同样应该得到合理保护。
总之,仅仅以经济利益为基础的保护系统是完全片面的。50)它容易忽视并最终消灭很多缺乏商业价值的物种,然而这些物种对于整个生物群落的健康运行是至关重要的。
2011年考研英语真题英译汉翻译
Part C Translation
46.Allen’s contribution was to take an assumption we all share---that because we are not robots we therefore control our thoughts---and reveal its erroneous nature。
【考查分析】本题考点:同位语从句,定语从句
【答案解析】本句的主干是Allen’s contribution was to take an assumption and reveal its erroneous nature。破折号后面的that引导同位语从句,对前面的assumption解释说明。We all share是定语从句,修饰assumption。
【参考译文】我们每个人都认为:自己不是机器人,因此能够控制自己的思想;爱伦的贡献在于他研究了这一假说,并揭示其错误的本质。
47.While we may be able to sustain the illusion of control through the conscious mind alone, in reality we are continually faced with a question: “Why cannot I make myself do this or achieve that?”
【考查分析】本题考点:状语从句
【答案解析】本句结构特别清晰,主干是While we may be able to sustain ….,we are faced with a question…。while引导让步状语从句,后面“Why cannot I make myself do this or achieve that?”是question 的具体内容。本句采用顺译法。
【参考译文】我们或许只通过意识就能维持这种控制的幻觉,但事实上,我们却总是面临一个问题:我们为什么不能让自己去做这件事情,实现那个目标呢?
48.This seems a justification for neglect of those in need, and a rationalization of exploitation, of the superiority of those at the top and the inferiority of those at the bottom。
【考查分析】本题考点: 省略、介词短语、复杂表语
【答案解析】本句的主体结构为:This seems a justification and a rationalization。本句的难点在于运用很多介词短语作后置定语,介词短语套介词短语,使得宾语非常复杂。“for neglect of those in need”修饰“justification”、“of exploration”、“of the superiority”“of the inferiority” 修饰rationalization。而“of those at the top”和“of those at the bottom”又分别修饰superiority和inferiority。
【参考译文】这种说法似乎为忽视需要帮助的人找到了借口,使剥削合理化,令上层人优越,底层人卑微。
49.circumstances seem to be designed to bring out the best in us, and if we feel that we have been “wronged” then we are unlikely to begin a conscious effort to escape from our situation。
【考查分析】本题考点:并列从句,定语从句。
【答案解析】本句主体结构是:circumstances seem to be designed to…., and if we feel that… then we are unlikely to… “环境好像是为…,而设计,如果我们感受到…,我们就不可能…”; “bring out” 是产生、使…显示出来;“wronged” 是“被冤枉,被委屈”的意思,“be(un)likely to do”(不)可能做某事;
【参考译文】环境似乎旨在激发我们的最大潜能,如果我们总感觉“上天不公”,那么不太可能会自觉地努力脱离现状。
50.The upside is the possibilities contained in knowing that everything is up to us;where before we were experts in the array of limitations, now we become authorities of what is possible.【考查分析】本题考点:主系表结构、分词短语的用法、连词where引导的状语从句。
【答案解析】本句主体结构为The upside is the possibilities,译为“正面意义在于可能性”。Contained in knowing that everything is up to us,是过去分词结构作后置定语。分号后面是一个有连词where引导的状语从句。Where 在这里是“在某种情况下(in what situation, to what point)的意思。
【参考译文】积极的一面是,既然万事都取决于我们,那么就有无限可能。以前,我们能够熟练应对种种局限;现在,我们把握着未来的可能。
第二篇:2010年考研英语·英译汉真题及解析
2010年考研英语·英译汉真题及解析
真题:
One basic weakness in a conservation system based wholly on economic motives is that most members of the land community have no economic value.Yet these creatures are members of the biotic community and, if its stability depends on its integrity, they are entitled to continuance.When one of these noneconomic categories is threatened and, if we happen to love it.We invert excuses to give it economic importance.At the beginning of century songbirds were supposed to be disappearing.(46)It is painful to read these round about accounts today.We have no land ethic yet,(47)but we have at least drawn near the point of admitting that birds should A parallel situation exists in respect of predatory mammals and fish-eating birds.(48)Time was when biologists somewhat over worded the evidence that these Some species of tree have been read out of the party by economics-minded foresters because they grow too slowly, or have too low a sale vale to pay as timber crops.(49)To sum up: a system of conservation based solely on economic self-interest is hopelessly lopsided.(50)It assumes, falsely, I think, that the economic parts of the biotic clock will function without the uneconomic parts.-1-
解析:
(46)Scientists jumped to the rescue with some distinctly shaky evidence to the effect that insects would eat us up if birds failed to control them.jumped to the rescue迅速的其来援救
shaky不可靠的,站不住脚的to the effect 大意是;大致是说
eat us up 吃掉我们
【解析】本题考查的知识点是:固定短语、同位语从句、状语从句、从句嵌套、根据上下文确定词义。
一般来说,汉语句子多用动词,而英语句子则多用名词、形容词、副词和介词等。因此,在翻译时。有时需要将英语中这些词性的词转换成汉语的动词。
【译文】科学家们急忙介入,但提出的证据显然站不住脚,其大意是,如果鸟类不能控制昆虫的数量,昆虫便会吞噬我们人类。
(47)but we have at least drawn near the point of admitting that birds should continue as a matter of intrinsic right, regardless of the presence or absence of economic advantage to us.drawn near the point of近乎draw移动,进行,也可用于比喻义
intrinsic right天生/固有权利
economic advantage经济利益
a matter of关乎„„的事情
regardless of不管,不顾,尽管,表让步
【解析】本题考核知识点:介词短语、宾语从句。介词短语译成句子(regardless of „)
介词短语作定语或状语时,往往是定语从句或状语从句的简略形式,译成汉语时,可拆开分译。
【译文】但是我们至少近乎承认,无论鸟类能否带给我们经济价值,他们有自由生存下去的权利。
(48)Time was when biologists somewhat overworked the evidence that these creatures preserve the health of game by killing the physically weak, or that they prey only on “worthless” species.time was when:曾几何时
overwork 滥用
game 猎物,野禽,野味
prey on捕食
worthless 没有价值的【解析】本题考核的知识点是:固定用法、同位语从句的翻译
【译文】有些证据表明:这些生物杀死体弱者来保持种群的健康,或者说它们仅仅捕食“没有价值”的物种。曾经有段时间,生物学家或多或少滥用了这一证据。
(49)In Europe, where forestry is ecologically more advanced, the non-commercial tree species are recognized as members of native forest community, to be preserved as such, with reason.non-commercial:没有经济价值的tree species:树种
native:当地的as such:如此,像这样的within reason:合理的【解析】考核的知识点是:非限定性定语从句、固定短语结构的辨析 such as 和 as such 两者词序相反,意义区别很大。
【译文】在林业生态更为发达的欧洲,没有商业价值的树种被合理地看成是当地森林群落的成员,并得到相应的保护。
(50)It tends to ignore, and thus eventually to eliminate, many elements in the land community that lack commercial value, but that are essential to its healthy functioning.【解析】本题考核的知识点是:定语从句、不定式
tend to 倾向;往往
element 物种
in the land community 在陆地群落中
functioning 动作;运行
【译文】这种保护体系往往忽视陆地群落中诸多商业价值但对其健康运作至关重要的物种,而最终导致它们的灭绝。
第三篇:2007年考研英语·英译汉真题及解析
2007年考研英语·英译汉真题及解析
真题:
Directions:
Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2.(10 points)
The study of law has been recognized for centuries as a basic intellectual discipline in European universities.However, only in recent years has it become a feature of undergraduate programs in Canadian universities.(46)of Canadian universities and some have even begun to offer undergraduate degrees in law.If the study of law is beginning to establish itself as part of a general education, its aims and methods should appeal directly to journalism educators.Law is a discipline which encourages responsible judgment.On the one hand, it provides opportunities to analyze such ideas as justice, democracy and freedom.(47)of evidence and fact, of basic rights and public interest are at work in the process of journalistic judgment and production just as in courts of law.Sharpening judgment by absorbing and reflecting on law is a desirable component of a journalist’s intellectual preparation for his or her career.(48)But the idea that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary Politics or, more broadly, the functioning of the state, is a major subject for journalists.The better informed they are about the way the state works, the better their reporting will be.(49)Furthermore, the legal system and the events which occur within it are primary subjects for journalists.While the quality of legal journalism varies greatly, there is an undue reliance amongst many journalists on interpretations supplied to them by lawyers.(50)-1-
解析:
1、Traditionally, legal learning has been viewed in such institution as the special preserve of lawyers, rather than a necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person.be viewed as被视为
institutions大学,学院
educated受教育的legal learning法律学习;学习法律
the special preserve(of lawyers)律师的特权;律师的特有领域
intellectual equipment知识体系;知识储备
【译文】长久以来,法律知识在这类学校里一直被视为律师们所专有的,而不是一个受教育者的知识素养的必要组成部分。
【句法分析】本题考核的知识点是:被动语态、并列连词和后置定语。
【技巧补充】
(1)被动语态的翻译
若被动句中的主语承载着句中的主要信息(如本题中的legal learning),在翻译时可以仍然将它译作主语,其翻译方式有两种:
①用汉语主动句表达被动意义,如:In the meeting this question will be discussed briefly.在会议上,这一问题将进行简要地讨论。
②译为汉语被动句,采用“被„„”,“为„„所„„”的结构如:Hitler was also washed away by the storms of history.希特勒被历史的风暴席卷而去。
该句谓语后的介词短语 in such institutions 在语法上作状语,但在含义上,其为动作的出发者,即主语。翻译此类句子,还可将英语原文中的 by, in, for 等作状语的介词短语转换成名词,译成汉语句子的主语,同时将英语原文中的主语译成宾语。例如:A right kind of fuel is needed for an atomic reactor.原子反应堆需要一种合适的燃料。
(2)并列连词的翻译
并列连词用来连接属于同一层次并具有相同句法功能的词、短语或分句。由于他们的使用习惯与中文相似,因此翻译时只需准确的译出并列连词的含义即可。常见的并列连词有:
①表示转折:but 但是,while 然而,whereas 然而。②表示选择:or 或者,either...or 要么......要么∕......或者......,neither...nor 既不...也不∕......和......都不,rather than 而不是。③表示联合:and 和 ,both and.....和.....都,not only...but also 不仅...而且,等等。
2、On the other, it links these concepts to everyday realities in a manner which is parallel to the links journalists forge on a daily basis as they cover and comment on the news.manner方式
forge形成联系
cover news报道新闻
everyday realities日常生活
parallel to就像;与......相似;与......一样
on a daily basis每天的做法
【译文】另一方面,这一学科把这些概念结合到日常生活中,这与新闻记者每天报道和评论新闻时的做法是相同的。
【句法分析】本题考核的知识点是:嵌套式定语从句。
【技巧补充】嵌套式定语从句的翻译
嵌套式定语从句是指一个句子中定语从句套定语从句的情况。当定语从句较长,不适合作前置定语时,可以采用分译法,即将嵌套式定语从句拆分成两个句子,分别进行翻译。
例如: Likewise in the east were the Seljuk Turks(塞尔柱突厥人)(1)who had infiltrated from their Central Asian homeland into the Islamic Empire(2)where they were employed as mercenaries(雇佣军)。译为:同样,在东方是塞尔柱突厥人,(1)他们从家乡中亚进入伊斯兰教帝国;(2)在那里被雇为雇佣军。
3、But the idea that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen rests on an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the news media.more profoundly更深刻;更深入;更深
rest on建立在......上;立足于
the established conventions已确定的约定;建立起来的规定
【句法分析】本题考核的知识点是:同位语从句、后置定语。
4、In fact, it is difficult to see how journalists who do not have a clear grasp of the basic features of the Canadian Constitution can do a competent job on political stories.the basic features基本特征、基本要点
have a clear grasp of清楚地理解;清楚地了解;清楚地把握
a competent job on political stories做好政治新闻的报道工作
【句法分析】本题考核的知识点是:形式主语it、多重复合句、词性转换。
5、While comment and reaction from lawyers may enhance stories, it is preferable for journalists to rely on their own notions of significance and make their own judgments.enhance stories提升报道质量;为报道增色;加强报道效果;提高新闻水平
it is preferable for journalists...对记者来说是好事
rely on凭借;依靠;根据
nations of significance对重要性的理解
【句法分析】本题考核的知识点是形式主语it、让步状语从句。
第四篇:2013考研英语(一)翻译真题。
2013考研英语
(一)翻译真题--中域教育网
46.yet when one looks at the photographs of the gardens created by the homeless, it strikes one that, for all their diversity of styles, these gardens speak of various other fundamental urges beyond that of decoration and creative expression.47.A sacred place of peace, however, crude it may be, is a distinctly human need, as opposed to shelt which is a distinctly animal need.48.The gardens of the homeless which are in effect homeless garden introduce from in to an urban environment where it either didn’t exist or was not discernible as such
49.Mast of us give in to a demoralization of spirit which we usually blame on some psychological conditions until one day we find ourselves in a garden and feel the oppression vanish as if by magic
50.It is this implicit or explicit reference to nature that fully justifies the use of the word garden, though in a “liberated” sense, to describe these synthetic constructions.
第五篇:2018考研英语(二)真题翻译参考答案
http://www.xiexiebang.com/kaoyan/ 考研英语(二)真题翻译参考答案
来源:文都教育
2018考研英语(二)已经顺利结束,不知道大家考的怎么样,文都教育在这里给大家总结了考研英语(二)的翻译答案,希望对你们有帮助。
【题目】
46.Directions:
Translate the following text into Chinese.Your translation should be written on the ANSWER SHEET.(15 points)
A fifth garder gets a homework assignment to select his future career path from a list of occupations.He ticks “astronaut” but quickly adds “scientist” to the list and selects it as well.The boy is convinced that if he reads enough.He can explore as many career paths as he likes.And so he reads—everything from encyclopedias to science fiction novels.He reads so passionately that his parents have to institute a “no reading policy”at the dinner table.That boy was Bill Gates,and he hasn’t stopped reading yet—not even after becoming one of the most science fiction and reference books;recently, he revealed that he reads at least so nonfiction books a year.Gates chooses nonfiction title because they explain how the world works.“Each book opens up new avenues of knowledge,”Gates says.【译文】
http://www.xiexiebang.com/kaoyan/ 一个五年级的学生需要完成一份作业,作业的内容是要从工作清单中选出自己未来的职业。他在“宇航员”那里画了线,但是又很快加上了“科学家”。他相信,如果他读的书够多,就可以任意选择他所喜欢的职业。所以他读了从百科全书到科幻小说非常多的书。他对于读书太过于痴迷以至于他的父母不得不制定了在餐桌上“禁止读书政策”。
这个男孩就是比尔盖茨,他至今都没有停止过阅读,即使已经成为世上最成功的人士之一。如今,他不仅阅读科幻作品和百科丛书:他最近透漏自己一年至少阅读50本非小说书籍,因为这些书揭秘了世界的运转方式。比尔盖茨说:“每一本书都开辟了探索知识的新路径”。
以上就是文都教育给大家总结的2018考研英语(二)的翻译答案,相对来说还是不难的,所以希望大家都能取得好成绩。