第一篇:联大普本大学英语I补充作文
北京联合大学普本大学英语I补充作文5篇
1.What Will Money Bring Us, Fortune or Misfortune?
There is no denying the fact that it has been a hot topic “what will money bring us, fortune or misfortune?” Quite a few people would choose the former immediately, for they believe that money can buy them almost everything.There are, of course, people who hate money and believe it is the source of misfortune.As far as I am concerned, I think that money itself cannot bring us fortune or misfortune, but our attitudes towards it can.Be the master of money and you will drive it to work for you.However, if you make yourself a slave of money, you will surely fall into the pit of misfortune one day.2.A Letter of Application for a Job
June 17th, 2009
Dear Sir/Madam,I am responding to your advertisement in China Daily on June 10th, 2009, which invites applications for interpreters.Enclosed with this letter is my resume.I believe that I am the best candidate for this position.In the first place, I have been studying for four years in Beijing Foreign Studies University, one of the most prestigious language schools in China.In the second place, I have attended training courses for interpretation and have obtained related certificates.Last but not least, I have worked as a part-time interpreter, so I am well prepared for this job.I would treasure the chance and exert every effort to do a good job if I had the luck to be provided with the position.Besides, I appreciate a response from you at your earliest convenience.Thank you for considering this application.
Best regards.Yours sincerely
Li Ming
3.Against a Robbery
Yesterday afternoon,Mrs.Liu left home for shopping.Halfway down the stairs, she found her way blocked by two men armed with knives.They threatened her, saying that they would kill her if she made any noise.Then, they forced her to take them to her flat and open the door.In the flat opposite, a woman heard the noise outside.When she looked out through the window, she realized what was going on.She immediately called the police and a patrol police car arrived at the scene quickly.Three policemen went inside the flat, others guarded outside the building to prevent anyone from escaping.The two criminals were arrested and taken to the police station.There they would be questioned and probably charged with robbery.4.Fire Accidents in Big Cities
In recent years there has been a marked growth of fire accidents in big cities of our country.Almost every day we see fire engines rushing through streets.What are the causes of fire accidents? Most of the fires are brought about by carelessness and violation of fire safety rules.Others are due to the poor quality of home electrical appliances.By the way, some people don't know how to use them properly.In my opinion, in order to prevent fires we should first of all develop people's sense of fire prevention.The second thing we have to do is to increase the number of professional fire fighters, In this way, a reliable fire prevention system will be formed.5.How to Solve Energy Crisis
Man is faced with a serious problem—the energy crisis, which is becoming worse and worse.First, with the increase in the world's population, the demand for fuels is growing steadily.Second, the rapid development of industry consumes more and more energy.Faced with the energy crisis, we should take a series of effective measures to save energy.For one thing, people all over the world should realize that our natural resources are limited.For another, the governments of all countries should set the rules for saving energy
Personally, I believe that solar energy is a possible source of clean, inexpensive and abundant energy.It does not pollute the environment Consequently, I'm confident that a bright future is awaiting us because solar energy will help us out.
第二篇:大学英语I
《大学英语I》教学大纲
一、课程基本信息
课程名称:《大学英语I》
英文名称:College English
课程编号:101B000
1课程类型:通识基础课
适用专业:非英语专业
开课学期:第1学期
学时:
32学分: 2
二、课程的性质、目的与任务
大学英语属于通识基础课范畴,它融听、说、读、写、译五项技能为一体,授课对象为大学本科一二年级非英语专业的学生,课程类型为必修课。其主要目的是培养和提高学生学习及运用英语的综合能力,尤其是加强对学生听说能力的培养,并且注重对学生会话技巧和口语的训练。此课程通过对语言基本功的训练和篇章结构的分析以及对英语听说能力,会话和口语的训练,使学生熟悉英语常用句型并逐步扩大词汇量,提高英语阅读理解能力,为提高口语及写作能力打下坚实的基础。同时明确了大学英语的目标是培养学生的英语综合应用能力,特别是听说能力,使他们在今后学习、工作和社会交往中能用英语有效地进行交际,同时增强其自主学习能力,提高综合文化素养,让学生了解英语各种文体的特点,帮助学生获取不同文化背景知识,拓宽学生的知识面,以适应我国社会发展和国际交流的需要。
三、课程教学内容、基本要求和重点及难点
新视野大学英语课的教学要求按新《大纲》的规定可以分为四级,每一级对学生的语音、语法、词汇、听力、口语、写作、翻译等都有相应的规定。基础阶段结束时对学生的基本技能要求如下: 语音:发音正确;较好地掌握朗读和说话的节奏感,掌握语流中的语音变化规律,掌握各种句式的语调;初步掌握语段中语音轻重和新旧信息传递之间的关系。
语法:初步掌握句子之间和段落之间的衔接,以词尤其是动词的各种语法点为主。
词汇:词汇起点为2228个中学已经学过的单词,全书的生词总数为734个,派生词100个。听力:听懂英语国家人士关于日常生活和社会生活的交际用语;听懂中等难度的短文材料,理解大意,领会作者的态度、感情和真实意图。听懂VOA特别速度。
口语:能在一般社交场合与英语国家人士交谈,做到正确表达思想,语音、语调自然,无重大语法错误,语言基本得体。
阅读:能读懂中等难度的文学作品。要求在理解的基础上抓住要点,并能运用正确观点评价思想内容,阅读速度为每分钟100-160单词,理解正确率不低于70%。写作:能根据作文题目、提纲或图表,数据等在30分钟内写出长度为100-150单词左右的短文,内容切题,条理清楚,语法正确,语言通顺,表达得体。
翻译:能独立完成课程中练习的各种翻译练习,要求译文忠实于原文,表达流畅。
工具书使用:能熟练使用各种英汉词典和部分英语词典独立解决语言问题和部分知识方面的疑难问题。
文化素养:熟悉中国文化传统,具有一定的艺术修养,熟悉英语国家的地理、历史、发展现状、文化传统、风俗习惯;具有较多的人文知识和科技知识;具有较强的汉语口头和书面表达能力,具有较强的创新意识和一定的创新能力。读写课程的教学内容:
Lesson OneLearning a Foreign Language 1.介绍外语学习技巧。
2.篇章结构分析,掌握本文的写作层次及写作手法。3.写作修辞分析。
4.语言点讲述:Text Structure Lesson TwoDeep Concern 1.介绍课文的写作题材及相关知识
2.篇章结构分析,代沟带给我们的问题以及解决方式。3.掌握文章语言表达。
4.语言点讲述:Appeal to, have a influence on sb.;English Tenses Lesson ThreeA Good Heart to Lean On 1.介绍文章大致内容
2.篇章结构分析,从作者的角度入手,感知作者对父亲情感的变化。3.掌握英语修辞的用法。
4.语言点讲述Useful Expressions,倒装句Lesson FourHow to Make a Good Impression1.了解作者写作意图:好的行为习惯给人留下好的印象2.篇章结构分析,怎样做可以帮助自己留下好的印象。3.分析篇章修辞手法。
4.语言点讲述:动作描写;Key Words
Lesson FiveThe Battle Against ADIS1.介绍有关艾滋病的常识。
2.篇章结构分析,解释艾滋病的预防及治疗。3.语言点讲述:从句的用法,structures
总复习:对整个学期大学英语读写课程教学内容进行总结,讲授大学英语作文的写作方式以及相关内容。
读写课程教学的重点主要是单词,词汇,语言知识点的掌握,对文章篇章结构的把握,教学难点主要是对整个文章篇章结构的把握和语篇的相关写作手法和修辞方法。听说课程教学内容:
Lesson OneClick Here For Language Learning
1.通过听短对话、长对话以及短文章,循序渐进的训练听力技巧。2.通过听cultural talks,了解中西方语言学习的文化差异。
3.掌握关于“打招呼和告别”的有用交流技巧,组织学生进行情景对话。4.听电影、绕口令、和VOA慢速新闻,学习地道的表达。模仿发音和语调。5.口头报告:(任选一个题目)提高学生的口语表达能力和敏捷的思维能力。Lesson TwoChilling Out With the Folks
1.通过听本单元短对话、长对话以及短文章,循序渐进的训练听力技巧。2.通过听cultural talks,了解中西方家庭生活的文化差异。
3.掌握关于“介绍和答复”的有用交流技巧,组织学生进行情景对话。4.听电影、绕口令、诗歌和VOA慢速新闻,学习地道的表达。模仿发音和语调。5.口头报告:(任选一个题目)提高学生的口语表达能力和敏捷的思维能力。Lesson ThreeGive and Sacrifice
1.通过听本单元短对话、长对话以及短文章,循序渐进的训练听力技巧。2.通过听cultural talks,了解中西方文化中对于给予和奉献表现的不同观点。3.掌握关于“感谢和答复”的有用交流技巧,组织学生进行情景对话。4.听电影、绕口令、名言和VOA慢速新闻,学习地道的表达。模仿发音和语调。5.口头报告:(任选一个题目)提高学生的口语表达能力和敏捷的思维能力。Lesson FourMaking a Good Impression
1.通过听本单元短对话、长对话以及短文章,循序渐进的训练听力技巧。2.通过听cultural talks,了解中西方面试中的文化差异。
3.掌握关于“道歉和答复”的有用交流技巧,组织学生进行情景对话。
4.听电影、绕口令、诗歌和VOA慢速新闻,学习地道的表达。模仿发音和语调。5.口头报告:(任选一个题目)提高学生的口语表达能力和敏捷的思维能力。
四、教学进度安排表
《大学英语I》课程学时分配表
五、课程教学应注意的问题
教学应与学生实际情况相联系而不能与其自身水平脱节,在教学过程中应注重学生的能力,充分调动学生积极性,使学生真正参与到教学过程当中。
六、本课程与其他学科的联系、分工
本学科是非英语专业学生的基础课,与其他学科既有联系又有区别,是其他学科很好的补充,对其他学科有很好的促进作用,同时也为其它专业课的学习提供了有力的保障与铺垫。
七、考核方法及成绩评定:(根据教学指导书)
公共外语教学包括读写教程和听说教程两个部分的教学。公共外语考核方法是:1.对学生读写教程学习情况进行测试 2.对学生英语听说教程的学习情况进行考察 3.对学生英语学习的综合表现给出一个评定,记为平时成绩。
对学生英语读写教程学习情况的测试是由学校组织统一考试。而对学生英语听说教程学习情况的考察,其考试形式可以多样化,如:1.小范围的统一卷面测试 2.给学生放映一部有意义的英文原声电影,要求学生写1000字左右的影评 3.通过小组编排话剧的形式对学生英语语言组织能力和英语会话能力进行测试,话剧剧本要以纸质打印形式上交,并且写明小组成员,以便保存。(英语听说教程的考试形式由任课老师自行决定,可以任选其中的一种形式)对学生英语学习的综合表现的评定内容包括:学生课堂表现,学生上课的出勤率,作业完成情况等。成绩评定:
32学时(英语一级,英语三级)
期末成绩=读写成绩×60%+听说成绩×20%+平时成绩×20% 48学时(英语二级,英语四级)
期末成绩=读写成绩×50%+听说成绩×30%+平时成绩×20% 备注:成绩考核的所有内容都要以纸质形式保存
八、教材及主要教学参考书、参考资料:(教学参考书指为完成本课程学习可供选用的教材)
1.《新视野大学英语读写教程1》郑树棠主编,外语教学与研究出版社,2008.5。
2.《新视野大学英语读写教程1-教师用书》郑树棠主编,外语教学与研究出版社,2008.5。3.《新视野大学英语听说教程1》郑树棠主编,外语教学与研究出版社,2008.5。
4.《新视野大学英语听说教程1-教师用书》郑树棠主编,外语教学与研究出版社,2008.5。
第三篇:大学英语I第三套
第3套
您已经通过该套作业,请参看正确答案
1.On his first sea(), he was still quite young but showed great courage to face the storms.A.tripB.travelC.tourD.voyage
参考答案:D 您的答案:D
2.I know this is the secret between you and me, and I promise never to()it to anyone else.A.mentionB.talkC.speechD.announce
参考答案:A 您的答案:A
3.He, as well as I,()a student.A.beB.amC.areD.is
参考答案:D 您的答案:D
4.Last month, he paid a visit to the village()he had once worked for five years.A.whereB.whichC.thatD.in that
参考答案:A 您的答案:A
5.The farmer caught the boys()his apples.A.stealingB.stoleC.to stealD.would steal
参考答案:A 您的答案:A
6.That's the()gentleman I've been telling you about.A.ratherB.quiteC.veryD.fairly
参考答案:C 您的答案:C
7.After stopping for a few minutes, the bus moved()to its next stop.A.forwardB.offC.withD.on
参考答案:D 您的答案:D
8.How the fire in the dance hall started()a mystery.A.to remainB.remainsC.remainD.is remaining
参考答案:B 您的答案:B
9.If there were life on Mars, such life forms()unable to survive on earth.A.isB.areC.would beD.will be
参考答案:C 您的答案:C
10.Don't worry, your watch()and you can have it in no time.A.is repairedB.has been repairedC.was repairedD.is being repaired
参考答案:D 您的答案:D
11.The teacher spoke so fast that it was hard for the students to()what he was saying.A.take inB.take outC.take upD.take over
参考答案:A 您的答案:A
12.In this factory each worker must receive a()training course.A.two-monthB.two monthsC.two-monthsD.two-months'
参考答案:A 您的答案:A
13.Dr.Hoffman proposed that we()the meeting until next week.A.put offB.to put offC.putting offD.need put off
参考答案:A 您的答案:A
14.We consider()the instrument be adjusted each time it is used.A.that it necessaryB.it necessary thatC.necessary thatD.necessary of it that
参考答案:B 您的答案:B
15.Three people,(),were injured in the accident.A.included a childB.include a childC.including a childD.includes a child
参考答案:C 您的答案:C
16.One day while Mr.King was working, he had a/an()and his left leg was badly injured.A.businessB.accidentC.matterD.event
参考答案:B 您的答案:B
17.They handed in their paper().A.in lineB.by turnC.at turnD.in turn
参考答案:D 您的答案:D
18.The population of the city()increasing fast.One third of the population here﹍workers.A.is;areB.is;has beenC.are;isD.is;was
参考答案:A 您的答案:A
19.The work()by the time you get there.A.will have been doneB.was doneC.had been doneD.has done
参考答案:A 您的答案:A
20.Not always()they want(to).A.people can do whatB.can people do whatC.people cannot do whatD.can't people do what
参考答案:B 您的答案:B
第四篇:大学英语I复习资料
I.Vocabulary and Structure
1.The little girl was __________ that her mother wouldn’t come back.A.frightenB.frighteningC.frightenedD.to frighten
2.The young man came into the classroom __________ flowers in his hand.A.ofB.withC.inD.to
3.__________ that knife before you hurt somebody!
A.Put downB.Put offC.Put onD.Put out
4.In front of the booking office stood hundreds of football fans, __________ to get a ticket.A.expectingB.expectedC.to expectD.being expected
5.He is not a child __________.A.no moreB.no longerC.any muchD.any more
6.It’s __________ difficult for young people to imagine how their grandparents managed to live without internet decades ago.A.desperatelyB.absolutelyC.unfortunatelyD.extremely
7.He has to take three pills __________.A.in a timeB.at a timeC.for a timeD.on a time
8.In Chinese culture, there has always been an emphasis __________ traditions and customs.A.onB.withC.forD.without
9.Modern education is __________ because of its failure to meet the ever-changing needs of the society.A.on attackB.in attackC.for attackD.under attack
10.People are always not very clear about their purpose of life __________ their twenties.A.atB.duringC.inD.with
11.__________ since the night before, I felt very hungry.A.Having not eaten anythingB.Not eating anything
C.I hadn’t eaten anythingD.Not having eaten anything
12.You are never __________ old to learn.A.tooB.toC.twoD.tow
13.We often watched them __________ soccer in the street.A.playedB.to playC.playD.plays
14.I think science is __________ than Japanese.A.much importantB.important
C.much more importantD.more much important
15.It’s dangerous __________ in the street.A.playingB.to playC.playD.plays
16.He took __________ a new hobby----chatting online in his sixties.A.asB.upC.awayD.over
17.Jane felt __________ because she was fired.A.depressingB.depressedC.depressantD.depression
18.His family found no __________ that he wanted to kill himself.A.signsB.symbolsC.aimsD.tracks
19.My sister __________ as “Iron Lady” because she is very hardworking.A.labelsB.is labeledC.labelingD.is to be labeled
20.Economists __________ a rise in import __________ free market.A.attribute…toB.contribute…toC.lead…toD.bring…to
II.Cloze:
There were once three sons of a wealthy businessman.__________ they met, the two eldest, who were twins, __________ to quarrel about which of them should be his father’s heir(继承人野心勃勃), took no part in their argument.As soon as they left home, the father arranged for an adequate income to be provided insisted that apart from this they were to be financially self supporting.The twin, who had the advantage of good looks and a striking personality, decided that he would take up the stage a career.He a small repertory(轮演剧目)company, acted in minor parts, was always unpunctual(不准时)at rehearsals and was accordingly with his fellow actors.He earned little and so had to live mainly on his allowance.his profession, but always put off a decision, and he became increasingly bored and disillusioned.21.A.WhateverB.WheneverC.WhereverD.However
22.A.are usedB.usedC.usingD.are using
23.A.at leastB.at mostC.in the leastD.in the most
24.A.everyB.allC.eachD.none
25.A.firstB.olderC.youngerD.elder
26.A.isB.asC.beD./
27.A.joinedB.attendedC.wentD.joined in
28.A.popularB.unpopularC.welcomeD.unwelcome
29.A.livingB.turningC.endingD.changing
30.A.makingB.makeC.decideD.deciding
III.Reading comprehension:
Passage 1
In learning a foreign language, one should first pay attention to speaking.It is the ground-work of reading and writing.You’d better try your best to speak.Don’t be afraid of making mistakes.While you are doing this, a good exercise is to write-keep a diary, write notes or letter and so on.Many mistakes in your speaking will be easily
found when you write.Through correcting the mistakes, you can do better in learning a language.If you are slow in speaking, don’t worry.One of the helpful ways is to
improve your English by reading, either aloud or low to yourself.The important thing is to choose something interesting to read.It mustn’t be too difficult for you.When you are reading in this way, don’t stop to look up the words if you can guess their meanings or if they are not important to the sentence.You can do that some other time.31.Which is the ground-work while you are learning a foreign language?
A.Spelling.B.Speaking.C.Writing.D.Reading.32.The best way to learn through mistakes is __________.A.to keep a diary and write notes or letters and so onB.to try your best to speak
C.to pay attention to speakingD.to keep on correcting mistakes in speaking
33.When you write, you will __________.A.learn how to speakB.do better in your pronunciationC.remember what you have saidD.easily find a lot of mistakes in your speaking
34.When you read, you should choose __________ books for yours.A.very easyB.difficultC.interestingD.important
35.When you find some new words in reading, you shouldn’t __________.A.guess their meanings firstB.keep on reading if you can’t guess their
meaningsC.go on reading if they are not importantD.stop to look them up in the dictionary at once
Passage 2
When many people are worried that there are no more heroes in the modern era, two university students who lost their lives to rescue drowning children have shown that heroes still exist.afternoon of December 14, 2002 when three school students skating on a frozen lake in Qingcheng Park in Hohhot fell through the ice into the freezing water.More than 20 university students who happened to be near the spot immediately went to the rescue of the children.Two children were quickly rescued, but the third died.The child’s body was not found for three hours.Two of the rescuers, Liu Ye and Hao Longbiao, also died of cold and exhaustion.The body of Hao who took the lead in jumping into the lake was not found until the next day.A student who was unwilling to tell his name said he and his classmates from
the local college were taking photos at the lake.When they heard the children’s cries for help, they went to the ice hole hand in hand to rescue the children.But the ice kept breaking, causing most of them to fall into icy water.Local residents held mourning ceremonies at the lake.Eight of the students were seriously affected by the freezing water and were
being kept in hospital for further observation, but their lives were no longer in danger.36.The underlined word “occurred” here means “__________”.A.employedB.mixedC.guidedD.happened
37.When the three students fell into water, the university students were __________.A.skating on the iceB.taking photos at the lakeC.having a picnic
D.walking along the lake
38.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A.Three students died on the same day in all.B.Hao Longbiao’s body was found on December 14, 2002.C.The university students didn’t think it
dangerous to save the drowning children in the lake.D.Local residents were not brave in face of danger.39.It can be inferred that __________.A.people think little of the two university students’ deathB.the ice on the lake wasn’t strong enough to skate onC.some students regretted for what they had doneD.heroes don’t agree with the steps of modern times
40.The author wrote the passage to __________.A.warn people of the danger of skating on iceB.call on people to learn from the brave university studentsC.tell us a tragedyD.advise university students to cherish their lives
Passage 3
The advantages and disadvantages of a large population have long been a subject of discussion among economists.It has been argued that the supply of good land is limited.To feed a large population, inferior land must be cultivated and the good land worked intensively.Thus, each person produces less and this means a lower average income than could be obtained with a smaller population.Other economists have argued that a large population gives more scope for specialization and the
development of facilities such as ports, roads and railways, which are not likely to be built unless there is a big demand to justify them.One of the difficulties in carrying out a world-wide birth control program lies in the fact that official attitudes to population growth vary from country to country
depending on the level of industrial development and the availability of food and raw materials.In the developing country where a vastly expanded population is pressing hard upon the limits of food, space and natural resources, it will be the first concern of government to place a limit on the birthrate, whatever the consequences may be.In the highly industrialized society the problem may be more complex.A decreasing birthrate may lead to unemployment because it results in a declining market for
manufactured good.When the pressure of population on housing declines, prices also decline and the building industry is weakened.Faced with considerations such as these, the government of a developed country may well prefer to see a slowly increasing population, rather than one which is stable or in decline.41.A small population may mean __________.A.higher productivity, but a lower average incomeB.lower productivity, but a higher average incomeC.lower productivity, and a lower average income
D.higher productivity, and a higher average income
42.According to the passage, a large population will provide a chance for developing __________.A.agricultureB.transport systemC.industryD.national economy
43.In a developed country, people will perhaps go out of work if the birthrate __________.A.goes upB.is decreasingC.remains stableD.is out of control
44.According to the passage slowly rising birthrate perhaps is good for __________.A.a developing nationB.a developed nationC.every nation with a big populationD.every nation with a small nation
45.It is no easy job to carry out a general plan for birth control throughout the world because __________.A.there too many underdeveloped countries in the worldB.underdeveloped countries have low level of industrial developmentC.different governments have different views of the questionD.even developed countries may have complex problems
IV.Translation
46.她终生贫穷。
47.他和他父亲一样高。
48.用不了一个钟头我就到哪儿了。
49.无论如何,我需要睡觉了。
50.木头不会沉入水中。
V.Writing
Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the given topic.You should write at least 80 words and base your composition on the Chinese outline below.My Way to Be Health
Outline: 1.健康对于人们来说很重要;2.我的保健方法;3.每个人都应该有自己的方法保持健康。
第五篇:郑州大学远程教育2013大学英语I
【ZZJ网上考试系统 v10.1】本套软件使用权属于:郑州大学远程教育学院(学期:131)
考试课程:0001.大学英语I(第1次考试)考试时间:120分钟考场:171.8.225.137考试日期:2013-10-0
2考号:姓名:
剩余时间: 107:3
5保存交卷帮助
一、Use of English(5道小题,共15分)
1、A: Shall I take your luggage? B: ________(3分)
A、No, many thanks.I can do.C、No, you neednˊt.Thank you anyway.2、A: May I take your order, sir? B: ____________.(3分)A、Give me the bill, please.C、I like the surrounding here.B、No, not necessary.Thank you anyway.D、No, thanks.I can manage it.B、But the price is too high.D、I’d like some roast beef and chicken.3、A: Sorry, I have kept you waiting.B: ________________.(3分)A、I donˊt care C、No, not at all
B、Iˊm sadD、Thatˊs all right4、A: What size do you have? B: ___________(3分)A、We got various sizes.C、This size is not for me.B、We want a small size.D、I want size 26.5、A: Li Hua failed in the math examination.B: ____________(3分)A、I’m sorry to hear that.C、What a pity!
B、Bad luck!D、Bad news.二、Reading(2道小题,共30分)
Many a young person tells me he wants to be a writer.I always encourage such people, but I also explain that there’s a big difference between“beingawriter”and
writing.In most cases these individuals are dreaming of wealth and fame, not the long hours alone at a typewriter.“You’ve got to want to write, ” I saytothem,“notwant to be a writer.”
The reality is that writing is a lonely, private and poor-paying affair.For every writer kissed by fortune there are thousands more whose longing is never rewarded.When
I left a 20-year career in the U.S.Coast Guard to become a freelance writer(自由撰稿者), I had no prospects at all.What I did have was a friend who found me my room in a
New York apartment building.It didn’t even matter that it was cold and had no bathroom.I immediately bought a used manual typewriter and felt like a genuine writer.