第一篇：大学英语(本)阶段练习2
华东理工大学网络教育学院 大学英语（4）（本）阶段练习二
Part I Vocabulary and Structure
1.Poverty depresses most people, but in __C___ case of my father it was otherwise.A)/
B)a
C)the
D)one 2.Residents in the remote area have ____B_ about what the disease is all about, not to mention prevention and treatment.A)a little knowledge
B)little knowledge
C)few knowledges
D)a few knowledges 3.It is reported that ___C__ adopted children want to know their natural parents.A)the most B)most of
C)most
D)the most of 4.The number of people present at the concert was __A___ than expected;There are many tickets left.A)much smaller B)much more C)much larger D)many more 5.Her hair became gray __D__ the passing of the years.A)in
B)for
C)at
D)with 6.– I don’t understand why you came so late?
– Sorry, I ___D__ that you _____ you for me.A)don’t realize/are waiting
B)haven’t realized/have been waiting
C)hadn’t realized/had waited
D)didn’t realize/were waiting 7.She ought to stop;she has a headache because she __A__ too long.A)has been reading
B)had read
C)is reading
D)read 8.What do you think of his proposal that improvements ___A__ in the machines.A)be made
B)will be made
C)would be made
D)will have to be made 9.I don’t mind ___B__ the decision as long as it is not too late.A)you to delay making
B)your delaying making
C)your delaying to make
D)you to delay to make 10.The project, ___C__ by the end of 2003, will expand the city’s telephone network to cover 1,000,000 users.A)accomplished
B)being accomplished
C)to be accomplished
D)having been accomplished 11.___A___ it or not, his discovery has created a stir in scientific circles.A)Believe B)Believing
C)To believe D)Believed 12.Many a man __B___ swimming in the river, but only _____ can swim across it.A)go… a few B)goes… a few C)go… few D)goes… few 13.He will tell us ___B__ he thinks of our arrangement.A)that
B)what
C)how
D)if 14.Every morning Mr.Smith takes a __D___to his office.A)20 minutes' walk
B)20 minute's walk C)20-minutes walk
D)20-minute walk 15.Never get off the bus __C___it has stopped.A)if
B)as soon as C)until
D)or 16.He never does his work __C___Mary.A)as careful as B)so careful as C)as carefully as D)carefully as 17.Everyone of them ___D__ tired and wanted a good rest.A)seems
B)is seemed
C)was seemed D)seemed 18.The girl sometimes has difficulty ___B__ what the teacher says in class.A)understand B)understanding C)to understand D)understood 19.Are you going to fix the car yourself, or are you going to have it __D___? A)fixing
B)to fix
C)fix
D)fixed 20.Only in this way ___B__ progress in your English.A)you make
B)can you make C)you be able to make
D)will you able to make 21.If only I ___C__ English like a native speaker.A)speak
B)can speak
C)could speak D)will speak 22.Three-fourths of the homework ___B__today.A)has finished
B)has been finished C)have finished
D)have been finished 23.It was because of the heavy rain last night ___A_ I didn't go home before 10 o'clock.A)that
B)when
C)which
D)how 24.Could you tell us __C___her aunt will stay here? A)that
B)what
C)how long D)where 25.Miss Wang wanted to know ___D__for the film.A)why was he late
B)why is he late C)why he is late
D)why he was late 26.What I have said only __A___ to some of you.A)applies
B)supplies
C)implies
D)complies 27.She soon __C___ French when she went to live in France.A)made up B)slowed up C)picked up
D)held up 28.It happened without my being __D___ of it.A)acquainted B)sensitive
C)aware
D)awake 29.The only __A___ to this room is along the long and dark corridor.A)access
B)outlet
C)entrance
D)exit 30.As they can't afford to let the situation get worse, they will take some __D___.A)decisions B)sides
C)directions
D)steps
31.That company doesn't take credit cards, so customers have to pay ___D___.A)dollars B)finance
C)coins
D)cash 32.One needs a good sense of ___C__ to ride a bike.A)level
B)skill
C)balance
D)ability 33.I don’t know the park, but it’s __A___ to be quite beautiful.A)said
B)told
C)spoken
D)talked 34.Mike is better than Peter ___B___ swimming.A)for
B)at
C)on
D)in 35.Jane’s dress is similar in design __C___ her sister’s.A)like
B)with
C)to
D)as Part II Use of English 1._______C_____Excuse me, how much is the jacket?____C_____ A)How are you?
B)Fine, thank you.C)Nice to meet you.D)You are very kind.8.___B_____.A)Good idea
B)I can't decide C)Yes, please
D)Yes, it's nice 10.-Could you help me with my physics, please?-_______D_____ A)No, no way.B)No, I couldn’t
C)No, I can’t.D.Sorry I can’t.I have to go to a meeting right now.Part III Reading Comprehension
Passage One Mr.and Mrs.White had two sons and three daughters．One Sunday，Mrs.White said to her husband，“The children don't have any lessons today，and you're free too．There's a new funfair（庙会）in the park．Let's all go there to play.”
Her husband said，“I want to finish some work today.”“oh, forget it．Go there and make our children happy．That's the most important work” Mrs.White said.So Mr.and Mrs.White took their children to the funfair．Mr.White was forty-five years old.But he enjoyed the funfair more than his children.He hurried from one thing to another，and ate lots of sweets.One of the children said to her mother，“Dad is just like a small child，isn't he, Mom?” Mrs.White didn't want to follow her husband around any more at that time and answered，“He is even worse than a small child，Mary，because he might spend more money than a small child.” 1.There were five children in the White family.A)T √
B)F 2.One Sunday，Mr.and Mrs.White wanted to go to a shop with their children.A)T
B)F√
3.Mr.White liked the place so much that he bought lots of sweets.A)T
B)F√
4.From the story we know Mrs.White was a little angry with Mr.White.A)T√
B)F 5.Of all the family members, Mr.White enjoyed playing there most that Sunday.A)T √
B)F
Passage Two People have been talking about health for a long time because people know the importance of it.People's understanding of health also becomes deeper with the progress in scientific research.Recently the term “health” has come to have a wider meaning than it used to.It no longer means just the absence of illness.Today, health means the well-being of your body, your mind and your relationship with other people.This new concept of health is closely related to another term－quality of life.Quality of life is the degree of overall satisfaction that a person gets from life.Why has the emphasis of health shifted from the absence of disease to a broader focus on the quality of a person's life? One reason for this has to do with the length and conditions of life that people can now expect.Medical advances have made it possible for people today to live longer, healthier lives.Imagine for a moment that you were born in the year 1900.You could have expected on average to live until about the age of 47.In contrast, if you were born in the year 1999, you could expect to live to the age of 75.6.Progress in scientific research leads to people's deeper understanding of health.A)T √
B)F 7.According to the passage, to people of today, health means absence of illness.A)T
B)F√ 8.The emphasis of health has shifted nowadays because people enjoy better conditions of living and they can live longer.A)T √
B)F 9.We can infer from the passage nowadays the emphasis of health has a broader focus because of improvements in the quality of food.A)T
B)F√
10.This passage is mainly about different understandings of the term “health”.A)T √
B)F
Passage Three We often use gestures to express our feelings, but the problem is that the gestures can be understood in different ways.It is true that a smile means the same thing in any language.So does laughter or crying.Fear is another emotion that is shown in much the same way all over the world.In Chinese and in English literature, a phrase like “he went pale and began to tremble” suggests that the man is either very afraid or he has just got a very big shock.However, “he opened his eyes wide” is used to suggest anger in Chinese, whereas in English it means surprise.In Chinese, surprise can be described in phrase like “they stretched out their tongues!” “Stretching out our tongue” in English is an insulting gesture or expresses strong dislike.Even in the same culture, people differ in their ability to understand and express feelings.Experiments in America have shown that women are usually better than men at recognizing fear, anger, love and happiness on people’s faces.Other studies show that older people usually find it easier to recognize or understand body language than younger people do.11.Which of the following is true according to the passage? D
A)We can easily understand what people’s gestures mean.B)Words can be better understood by older people.C)Gestures can be understood by most people but words are not.D)It is difficult to tell what people’s gestures really mean sometimes.12.People’s facial expressions may be misunderstood in different cultures because ____D__.A)people of different sexes may understand a gesture differently
B)people speaking different languages have different facial expressions
C)people of different ages may have different interpretations
D)people from different cultures have different meanings about some facial expressions.13.From the passage, we can conclude that __A___.A)gestures can be used to express feelings
B)gestures can be more effectively used than words to express feelings
C)words are often more difficult to understand than gestures
D)gestures are used as frequently as words to express feelings 14.In the same culture, people ___D___.A)hardly ever fail to understand each other’s ideas and feelings
B)are equally intelligent even if they have different backgrounds
C)almost all have the same understanding of the same thing
D)may have different abilities to understand and express feelings 15.The best title for this passage can be __C____.A)Gestures
B)Feelings
C)Gestures and Feeling D)Culture and Understanding
Passage Four There are three kinds of goals: short-term, medium-range and long-term goals.Short-term goals are those that usually deal with current activities, which we can apply on a daily basis.Such goals can be achieved in a week or less, or two weeks, or possibly, months.It should be remembered that just as a building is no stronger than its foundation, long-term goals cannot amount to very munch without the achievement of solid short-term goals.Upon completing our short-term goals, we should date the occasion and then add new short-term goals that will build on those that have been completed.The intermediate goals build on the foundation of the short-term goals.They might deal with just one term of school or the entire school year, or they could even extend for several years.Any time you move a step at a time, you should never allow yourself to become discouraged or overwhelmed.As you complete each step, you will enforce the belief in your ability to grow and succeed.And as your list of completion dates grow, your motivation and desire will increase.Long-term goals may be related to our dreams of the future.They might cover five years or more.Life is not a static thing.We should never allow a long-term goal to limit us or our course of action.16.Our long-term goals mean a lot ___B____.A)if we cannot reach solid short-term goals B)if we complete the short-term goals C)if we have dreams of the future D)if we put forward some plans 17.New short-term goals are built upon__D___.A)a daily basis B)your achievement in a week C)current activities D)the goals that have been completed 18.When we complete each step of our goals, _C___.A)we will win final success B)we are overwhelmed C)we will build up our confidence to achieve success D)we should have strong desire for setting new goals 19.What is the main idea of this passage? __C___ A)Life is a dynamic thing.B)We should set up long-term goals.C)Different kinds of goals in life.D)The limitation of long-term goals.20.Which of the following statements is wrong according to the passage? __C___ A)The long-term goals cannot amount to very munch without achieving short-term goals.B)The intermediate goals build on the foundation of the short-term goals.C)Life is a static thing, thus never allowing a long-term goal to limit us.D)We should often add new short-term goals to what have been completed.Part IV Cloze The world is not only hungry;it is also thirsty for water.This may seem strange to you, since nearly 75% of the earth's surface is covered with water.But about 97% of this huge amount is seawater, __B__ salt water.Man can only drink and use the other 3% of the fresh water that comes from rivers, lakes, underground, and other __C__.And we can't even use all of that, because some of it is in the form of icebergs and glaciers.Even worse, some of it has been polluted.However, as things stand today, this small amount of fresh water, which is constantly being replaced by rainfall, is still enough for us.But our need __D__ water is increasing rapidly-almost day by day.We all have to learn how to stop wasting our previous water.One of the first steps we should __A__ is to develop ways of reusing it.Experiments have already been done in this __E_, but only on a small scale.The systems that have been worked out resemble those used in spacecraft.1.A)take B)or C)sources D)for E)case 2.A)take B)or C)sources D)for E)case 3.A)take B)or C)sources D)for E)case 4.A)take B)or C)sources D)for E)case 5.A)take B)or C)sources D)for E)case
Part V Translation 1.They have been working together for three months and have come to know each other better.他们一起工作了三个月，相互之间也更了解了。
2.It was a hard job, but he did not mind.这项工作很艰苦，但他并不在乎。3.It's their duty to look after these young trees.他们的责任是照看这些小树。4.She begins cooking as soon as she gets home.她每天一到家就开始做饭。5.I'll call you as soon as I arrive.我一到就给你打电话。
6.Li Bai is one of the greatest poets that have ever lived in China.李白是中国有史以来最伟大的诗人之一。
Part VI Sample Writing East or West, Home is Best 金窝，银窝，不如自己的狗窝 What’s the best place in your heart? If I ask you where the best place is in your heart, perhaps you may say it’s Zhongnanhai, the White House or the Kremlin Palace.But I’ll tell you that it’s home rather than any one of them.Because a proverb says well that “East or west, home is best.”
That’s why? Because home is the port of our soul and the only one place that we are looking forward to going for the whole life.Because I think home means all to me and anybody else.It’s home where we can go whenever we are hurt or tired.It is also home where we can enjoy the feelings of parents, brothers and sisters.It’s home that that fights against wind or rain whether in the day time or at night.In a word, whatever we do and wherever we go, home is the best place that we can go forever.How to Overcome Difficulties in My English Studies 如何克服英语学习的困难
English is always my favorite subject and I am good at English.The following is my way to overcome the difficulties in English studies.First, remember 20 new words every day, and never give up.Second, go over grammar points I have learnt in English class regularly.Third, read an English article in China Daily every day.Fourth,write an English articles every week to improve my writing level.These above are what I have done to overcome my difficulties.
第二篇：大学英语3本科阶段练习3
阶段练习----3
I.Grammar Points(网络统考语法考点梳理----虚拟语气；定语从句；状语从句；宾语从句;非谓语)
1.If the whole program __D___ beforehand, a great deal of time and money would have been lost.A.was not plannedB.were not planned
C.would not be plannedD.had not been planned
2.Isn’t it about the time you __A___ to do morning exercises?
A.beganB.beginC.should beginD.have begun
3.I’m very grateful to you for what you’ve given me and _D___ you have done for me.A.whichB.thatC.all whatD.all that
4.He told me how he had given me shelter and protection without which I __C__ of hunger.A.would be diedB.would dieC.would have diedD.will die
5.This article deals with the natural phenomenon which _B___ most interesting to everyone.A.areB.isC.they areD.it is
6.He’s determined to finish the job __B__ long it takes.A.no matterB.howeverC.whereverD.whatever
7.Though Jane is satisfied with her success, she wonders __D___ will happen to her private life.A.howB.whoC.thatD.what
8.TOEFL is a test for students ___A__ native language is not English.A.whoseB.of whomC.thatD.which
9.We desire that the tour leader _A___ us immediately of any changes in plan.A.informB.informsC.informedD.has informed
10.These two areas are similar __D___ they both have a high rainfall during this season.A.to thatB.besides thatC.except thatD.in that
11.Scientists say it may be five or ten years __B__ it is possible to test this medicine on human patients.A.sinceB.beforeC.afterD.when
12.This is a very difficult operation.It’s essential that you __C__ for emergency.A.be preparedB.would prepareC.be preparedD.must be prepared
13.Most insurance agents would rather you __C__ anything about collecting claims until they investigate the situation.A.don’t doB.would not doC.didn’t doD.do not
14.Her suntanned face suggested that she __A__ in excellent health.A.beB.isC.wasD.were
15.___B__ evidence that language acquiring ability must be stimulated.A.It beingB.There isC.It isD.There being
16.Mary didn’t have time to go to the concert last night because she was busy _B___ for the exam.A.to prepareB.preparingC.to be preparedD.being prepared
17.That was so serious a matter that I had no choice but _D___ the police.A.called inB.calling inC.call inD.to call in
18.The match was cancelled because most of the members _A_ a match without a standard court.A.objected to havingB.objected to have
C.were objected to haveD.were objected to having
19.Having been asked to speak at the convention __D___.A.some notes were prepared for Dr.SmithB.the convention members were pleased to hear Dr.SmithC.some notes were prepared by Dr.SmithD.Dr.Smith prepared some notes
20.Ever since the Smiths moves to the suburbs a year ago, they __C__ better health.A.could have enjoyedB.had enjoyedC.have been enjoyingD.are enjoyingII.课文单句理解与翻译（Unit 5）
21.One of the most successful, influential and beloved woman in American history, Eleanor Roosevelt once said that she had one regret: she wished she had been prettier.作为历史上最成功、最富影响力、最受爱戴的女性之一，艾琳娜罗斯福曾经说过，她有一个遗憾：她希望自己长得更漂亮些。
22.We are all too aware of our physical imperfections.我们都清楚意识到自己身体上的不完美之处。
23.Why do we care so much about how we look?
我们为什么这样关心自己的长相？
24.In addition to exercises, women and men both rely on cosmetics and advanced technology to enhance their beauty – often with even more serious consequences.除了锻炼，男人女人都依赖化妆品与先进技术提升自己的美丽，往往带来更为严重的后果。
25．Beauty is a greater recommendation than any letter of introduction.美丽比任何介绍信都更具推荐价值。
26.Attractive applicants have a better chance of getting jobs, and of receiving higher salaries.有吸引力的求职者有更大的机会获得工作与高新。
27.Teachers give higher evaluations to the work of attractive children and have higher expectations of them.老师给漂亮孩子的学业评估更好，对他们的期望值也更高。
28.Attractive people in need are more likely to receive help from strangers.外表有吸引力的人需要困境时，更可能获得陌生人的帮助。
29.It is not surprising that physical attractiveness is of overwhelming importance to us.外表的吸引力对我们至关重要，这一点毫无令人奇怪。
30.Every period of history has its own standards of what is beautiful。
历史上的每个时期都有自己的审美标准。
III.Reading Comprehension
Passage One
Computer people talk about the need for people to become computer-literate.But not all experts agree this is a good idea.One pioneer, in particular, who disagrees is David Tebbut, the founder of Computertown UK.Although many people see this as a successful attempt to bring people closer to the computer, David does not seethat way.He says that Computertwon UK was formed for just the opposite reason, to bring computers to people and make them people-literate.David Tebutt thinks Computertowns are most successful when tied to a computer club but he insists there is an important difference between the two.The clubs are for people who have some computer knowledge already.This frightens away non-experts, who are happier going to Computertowns where there are computers for them to experiment on, with experts to encourage
them and answer any questions they have.They are not told what to do, they find out.The computer experts have to learn not to tell people about computers, but have to be able to answer all questions people ask.People don’t have to learn computer terms, but the experts have to explain in plain language.The computers are becoming people-literate.31.Which of the following is David Debutt’s idea on the relationship between people and
computers? A
A)Computer learning should be made easier.B)There should be more computer clubs for experts.C)People should work harder to master computer use.D)Computers should be made cheaper so that people can afford them.32.We can infer from the text that “computer-literate” means __D___.A)being able to afford a computer
B)being able to write computer programs
C)working with the computer and finding out its value
D)understanding the computer and knowing how to use it ]
33.The underlined word “it” in the second paragraph refers to the idea that Conputertowns _B_.A)help to set up more computer clubs
B)bring people to learn to use computers
C)bring more experts to work together
D)help to sell computers to the public
34.David Debutt started Computertwon UK with the purpose of __B___.A)making better use of computer experts
B)improving computer programs
C)increasing computer sales
D)popularizing computers
35.When computers are people-literate, ___B___.A)everybody can afford buy one
B)everybody, old and young, can use it easily
C)they will be too expensive for ordinary people to afford
D)only experts know how to operate a computer
Passage Two
A characteristic of American culture that has become almost a tradition is to respect the self-made man — the man who has risen to the top through his own efforts, usually beginning by working with his hands.While the leader in business or industry or the college professor occupies a higher social position and commands greater respect in the community than the common laborer or even the skilled factory worker, he may take pains to point out that his father started life in America as a farmer or laborer of some sort.This attitude toward manual（体力的）labor is now still seen many aspects of American life.One is invited to dinner at a home that is not only comfortably but even luxuriously（豪华地）furnished and in which there is every evidence of the fact the family has been able to afford foreign travel, expensive hobbies, and college education for the children;yet the hostess probably will cook the dinner herself, will serve it herself and will wash dishes afterward, furthermore the dinner will not consist merely of something quickly and easily assembled from contents of various cans and a cake or a pie bought at the nearby bakery.On the contrary, the hostess usually takes
pride in careful preparation of special dishes.A professional may talk about washing the car, digging in his flowerbeds, painting the house.His wife may even help with these things, just as he often helps her with the dishwashing.The son who is away at college may wait on table and wash dishes for his living, or during the summer he may work with a construction gang on a highway in order to pay for his education.36.From paragraph 1, we know that in America ___D____.A.people tend to have a high opinion of the self-made man
B.people can always rise to the top through their own efforts
C.college professors win great respect from common workers
D.people feel painful to mention their fathers as labors
37.According to the passage, the hostess cooks dinner herself mainly because ___B____.A.servants in American are hard to getB.she takes pride in what she can do herself
C.she can hardly afford servantsD.It is easy to prepare a meal with canned food
38.The expression “wait on table” in the second paragraph means “____D___”.A.work in a furniture shopB.keep accounts for a bar
C.wait to lay the tableD.serve customers in a restaurant
39.The author’s attitude towards manual（体力的）labor is ___A____.A.positiveB.negativeC.humorous
40.Which of the following may serve as the best title of the passage?C
A.A Respectable Self-made Family.C.Characteristics of American Culture.D.critical B.American Attitude toward Manual Labor.D.The Development of Manual Labor.Passage Three
Australians and New Zealanders are famous for their love of the outdoors.They like to do as much as possible out in the sunshine, and this includes eating!
In the southern hemisphere, it's now early spring and many people are looking forward to warmer weather when they can enjoy barbeques(BBQs)with their friends and family.Almost every family has a unit to cook BBQ, whether it's a big modern one or a small well-used one.But whatever kind of BBQ unit you use, it means the same thing— delicious grilled food(烧烤食品)!
The most popular foods to barbeque are sausages, steaks, fish, and garlic bread.Kids love to toast marshmallows on sticks for dessert too.The outside of the marshmallow becomes crisp while the inside melts.It's yummy!Of course, you need to eat vegetables too and there are always different kinds of salads to eat with your grilled meat.The great thing about BBQs is you can take them anywhere.They are easy to carry so you can have a BBQ party at the beach, in a park, in your backyard or wherever you like.But remember to be careful using fire!Americans also like BBQs and in summer they often have outdoor BBQ parties in beautiful parks and backyard BBQs with their neighbors.41.This passage may be found in a ___D__.A.history bookB.science fiction
C.horror novelD.travel magazine
42.Australians and New Zealanders usually have outdoor BBQs __C___.A.during winter timeB.in restaurants
C.with friends and familyD.without vegetables
43.The underlined word “unit” probably means __B___.A.houseB.equipmentC.foodD.style
44.Which of the following may NOT be one of the BBQ food?C
A.Meat.B.Vegetables.C.Fruits.D.Mashmallows.45.What is the last paragraph mainly about ?A
A.People can enjoy BBQs everywhere.B.We can frill all kinds of food.C.BBQs can be dangerous.Passage Four
The world itself is becoming much smaller by using modern traffic and modern communication means.Life today is much easier than it was hundreds of years ago, but it has brought new problems.One of the biggest is pollution.To pollute mean to make things dirty.Pollution comes in many ways.We see it, smell it, drink it and even hear it.Man has been polluting the earth.The more people, the more pollution.Many years ago, the problem was not so serious because there were not so many people.When the land was used up or the river was dirty in a place, men moved to another place.But this is no longer true.Man is now slowly polluting the whole world.Air pollution is still the most serious.It’s bad to all living things in the world, but it is not only one kind of pollution.Water pollution kills our fish and pollutes our drinking water.Noise pollution makes us become angry more easily.Many countries are making rules to fight pollution.They stop the people from burning coal in houses and factories in the city, and from blowing dirty smoke into the air.The pollution of SO2 is now the most dangerous problem of air pollution.It is caused by heavy traffic.It is sure that if there are fewer people driving, there will be less air pollution.The earth is our home.We must take care of it.That means keeping the land, water and air clean.And we must keep careful of the rise in pollution at the same time.46.Our world is becoming much smaller ______B_____.A.because the earth is being polluted day and night.B.thanks to scientific and technological development.C.because of the rise in pollution
D.because the earth is blown away by the wind every year.47.Thousands of years ago, life was ____D______ it is today.A.much easier thanB.as easy asC.as hard asD.much harder than
48.Pollution comes in many ways.We can even hear it.Here “it” means ____C____.A.water pollutionB.air pollutionC.noise pollutionD.rubbish
49.Air pollution is the most serious kind of pollution because ____A_____.A.it’s bad to all living things in the world.B.it makes us because angry more easily.C.it has made our rivers and lakes dirty.D.it makes much noise.50.The pollution of SO2 is now the most dangerous problem of air pollution.It is caused by heavy ____C____.A.burning rubbishB.smokers
C.trafficD.waste air from the factory
IV.完型填空
Did you sleep well last night? Maybe many people will answer: No.In fact, in the world about one in three people do not have good sleep.you say you do not have good sleep, it means waking early and not getting back to sleep, often interrupted short period of sleep, or hoursD.BBQs are very expensive.of wakefulness.You get tired, worried, and anxious.Your memory and ability to remember things will be.Then what should you do when you have the trouble? Do not worry about it too much.First, let’s see whether you can sleep yourself.The ways are as follows:
First,Bthat your bedroom isn’t too cold or too hot.Keep it dark and quiet.Second, check your lifestyle: Do not drink tea, coffee, cola or chocolate four hours before.Drink less liquid so that you can have no or fewer visits to the toilet.Set your body clock well by getting up and going to bed at the fixed time every day.You
take any daytime naps.Develop a relaxing bedtime habit.Read orAmusic, then take a warm bath.If you really can not sleep, try some bread, ricemilk.They will help you fall asleep.Go for a daily walk.Natural light help you to put your body clock into correct habit,do exercise outdoors if you can.Forget the worries of the day.Write down any worries, thoughts or questions before you go to bed.With these written down, you will haveDto think about and your sleep will become easier.51.A.When
52.A.might
53.A.affected
55.A.sleeping
56.A.won’t
57.A.listen to
58.A.and
59.A.neither
60.A.harderB.In case B.mayC.IfC.mustD.As D.should D.endangered D.look into D.falling asleep D.had better not D.see D.on D.however D.less B.damagedB.make sureB.going to sleep B.wouldn’t better B.listenB.orB.butB.fewerC.destroyedC.watch outC.going to bed C.had betterC.hearC.withC.soC.more54.A.determined
V．阅读课文Unit 6精读课文，完型填空（单词首次母已给出）
You want to have a lot of friends but you don't want to put up too much effort in maintaining the friendship? That seems a bit contradictory at first is the only way that you could probably thing about a virtual friendship is that it’s ethereal by nature, and thus can be as real or unreal asdifficulty.Yknow who is on the other end, and you can be anyone you want without really being you.it now possible to befriend, fall in love with, break up with a person all without physically meeting? The answer to that question seems to be in the positive.
第三篇：行政管理学(本)阶段练习二
行政管理学（本）课程阶段练习
（二）一、名词解释（每个5分，共15分）
1、政府职能：我国行政管理主体行使国家行政权力，依法对国家事务、社会公共事务和机关内部事务进行管理所发挥的基本职责、功能和作用，其所确立的是政府“管什么”的问题。
2、公共政策是指政策主体为解决所面临的一些社会问题，在特定的价值观念的指引之下，为协调和稳定各方社会政治经济关系而采取的一系列公共管理活动。
3、行政执行特指以国家行政机关为主体的多元社会组织，为了落实和实施国家意志、国家目标，依法贯彻法律、法规、公共政策的诸活动的总称。
二、单项选择题：（每题1分，共15分，每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是正确答案）
1、政府干预的政府职能模式兴起于（B）
A、资本主义自由市场经济时期B、20世纪20年代末到30年代初经济大危机时期
C、传统的社会主义计划经济体制时期D、20世纪80年代
2、提倡“经济人”政府的是（A）
A、布坎南B、庇古C、凯恩斯D、亚当·斯密
3、公平与效率的关系主要涉及的是（C）
A、政府的政治职能B、政府的经济职能C、政府的社会职能D、政府的文化职能
4、下列哪项不是政府的社会职能？（A）
A、指导和规范文化市场建设和文化产业发展
B、建立和完善涵盖养老、失业、医疗等各种保险在内的社会保障制度
C、制定政策措施，促进健全有效的就业服务体系
D、拟定医疗卫生和体育事业发展规划，改革医疗卫生体育管理体制
5、也称为常规性决策或例行性决策的是（B）
A、经验决策B、程序化决策C、非程序化决策D、定性决策
6、在不确定的条件下，决策结果无法进行预测和估算的决策是指（C）
A、确定型决策B、风险型决策C、非确定型决策D、战术决策
7、被认为是在行政决策中运用得最为普遍的一种方法是（B）
A、理性综合决策B、渐进式决策C、混合扫描决策D、精英决策
8、行政执行的前提和依据是（C）
A、行政领导B、行政组织C、行政决策D、行政监督
9、下列哪项不是影响行政执行的行政决策自身的因素（D）
A、决策目标要有可行性与可操作性B、决策要有普遍性
C、决策要有稳定性D、目标群体对行政决策的认同度
10、根据被执行对象在行政执行前后的变化值之差，来衡量行政执行的影响程度，这是（D）
A、标准衡量法 B、案例比较法C、对象比较法D、历史比较法
11、行政控制过程最为关键的环节是（D）
A、确定控制标准B、衡量成效C、财务控制D、纠正偏差
12、政府部门委托私人公司代理清运城市垃圾的行为属于（A）
A、签约外包B、市场运作C、政府贩售特定服务D、经营特许权
13、行政执行的主体是（A）
A、行政组织B、社会团体C、民众D、人大代表
14、事先控制、事中控制和事后控制是根据（D）
A、控制的范围划分B、控制的组织机构划分C、控制的方式划分D、控制的时序划分
15、最基本的决策分类是（D）
A、定性决策和定量决策B、程序化决策和非程序化决策
C、经验决策和科学决策D、个人决策和群体决策
三、多项选择题：（下列每题至少有两个正确答案，每题1分，共10分）
1、西方国家大致先后产生了三种典型的政府职能模式是（BCD）
A、“中心人”政府 B、“道德人”政府 C、“经济人”政府 D、“守夜人”政府
2、我国政府职能越位表现在（ABCD）
A、政府职能与市场功能不分B、政府组织与企业组织不分
C、政府组织与事业组织不分D、政府组织与社会中介组织不分
3、政府治理的社会化手段包括：（CD）
A、管制与放松管制B、特许经营C、社区治理D、公众参与及听证会
4、公共政策的功能主要体现在（ABCD）
A、引导功能B、管制功能C、分配功能D、调控功能
5、按公共政策的制定过程划分（ABC）
A、党的政策B、法律性政策C、行政性政策D、基本政策
6、科学的公共行政政策制定过程包括（ABCD）
A、提出问题，确定目标B、拟定涉及方案C、优选方案D、试点实施，修正完善政策
7、行政执行的实施阶段的工作内容主要包括（ABC）
A、建立强有力的指挥中心B、善于做好协调工作
C、通过行政控制及时纠偏D、行政评估
8、国内学者在主流上将政府治理工具分为（ABC）
A、市场化工具B、工商管理技术C、社会化手段D、社会管制
9、、公共行政管理与企业管理的相似之处有：（ABC）
A、管理对象与方法相似B、管理组织及其运作类同
C、都强调行政效率与服务品质的提高D、都必须服务于公共利益
10、政府职能涉及的主要关系有（ABC）
A、国家与社会的关系B、政府与市场的关系
C、公平与效率的关系D、企业与民众的关系
四、简答题：（每题7分，共35分）
1、简述公共政策的功能。
答: 公共政策的功能主要体现在以下几个方面：1）、引导功能。2）、管制功能。3）、调控功能。4）、分配功能。
2、政府职能定位的原则是什么？
答: 政府职能定位始终把握以下原则：一是公共性原则。二是全面性原则。三是有限性原则。四是效能原则。五是服务性原则。六是民主性原则。七是法定原则。
3、政府职能转变的基本趋势如何？
答: 我国政府职能转变的基本趋势主要体现在两个方面。
（一）在政府职能内容上的变化趋势
二）政府职能管理方式上的转变趋势
4、试述公共政策制定的原则和过程。
答: 公共行政政策制定的原则1）、信息原则。2）、系统原则。3）、预测原则。4）、择优原则。
5）、创新原则。6）.、可行原则。7）、民主原则。8）、动态性原则。科学的公共行政政策制定过程包括了提出问题，确定目标；拟定涉及方案；优选方案；试点实施，修正完善政策四个阶段。
5、行政执行的原则是什么？
答: 第一，忠实于决策。第二，创新灵活。第五，团结协作。第四，迅速有力。第三，周密计划。
五、论述题：（15分）
试联系实际论述影响行政执行的因素.答: 答：要探究影响行政执行的因素，可以从行政决策自身，行政执行主体，行政执行客体，以及行政执行的环境四个方面加以分析。
一、行政决策自身因素。行政决策是行政执行的前提和依据，在很大程度上主导着行政执行的方向，所以行政决策本身的特点影响着行政执行的过程。第一，决策目标要有可行性与可操作性。第二，决策要有普遍性。第三，决策要有稳定性。
二、行政执行主体因素。
（一）组织机构。组织机构的结构设置是否合理，权责是否分明，执行监控机制是否健全都是影响行政执行效果的重要因素。
（二）执行人员。执行人员影响政策执行的因素有很多方面，主要的影响因素包括认知水平、业务能力和执行者的利益。
三、行政执行客体因素。行政执行的客体是行政决策直接作用和影响的对象。行
政决策能否成功与目标群体有直接的关系，诸如目标群体的认同度、目标群体的利益选择以及目标群体的群体结构与规模都会影响决策的执行效果。第一，目标群体对行政决策的认同度。第二，目标群体的群体结构与规模。第三，目标群体的利益取向。
四、行政执行环境因素。第一，行政执行资源第三，政治因素与公众意识。第二，社会态度和行为。
六、案例题：（10分）
××县随着农村改革的不断深入，农村经济得到了较大的发展。然而，由于种种原因，自1990年开始，该县经济的发展速度开始减缓。在这种情况下，县委、县政府为寻求农村经济新的增长点，于1993年底和1994年初，带领有关人员调查了全县20个乡镇和300个村，考察了50多个山头和近百家农村企业，初步分析认为，该县与其他丘陵、平原县比较，具有自己的优势和特色--山场广阔，共有山地面积366万亩，占总面积的72%，而且劳动力资源丰富，消费市场广阔，如果开发利用，办成林业和多种经济基地，农村经济就会有一个大发展，这是农村经济一股潜在的强大劲流。
在此基础上，他们召开了两个会：一是智囊研究人员、咨询参谋人员会：二是各部门、各战线的主要负责人及相关专家、学者参加的会议。通过这两个会议，对全县农业企业的现状、山地开发的潜力及其可行性进行了反复的讨论和详细的分析论证。并组织专门班子，以国土规划和农业区划成果为依据，拟定几个开发山区的方案，供县委、县政府抉择。
最后，县委、县政府领导在综合比较各种方案的基础上，作出了“开发山地资源，兴办农业企业，建立商品基地”的决策。同时又组织专门班子制订出全县开发出山地资源的总体规划，并拟定分阶段实施该规划。
决策方案制订中，县委、县政府立即将方案付诸实施。一方面多渠道筹措山地开发资金，并实行各种优惠政策，以调动农民的积极性，另一方面又组织专门人员具体管理山地开发工作。
由于该县决策正确、措施得力，因而在发展山区经济方面取得了显著成效。
思考：
1）、某县县委、县政府为什么能制定出正确的政策？
答: 根据公共政策制定的原则或程序来回答
2）、他们的成功对于实现我国公共决策制定实现民主化、科学化有何启示？
答:必须进行实地调查搜集信息；必须发扬民主听取各方意见；必须选择良好的方案；必须符合科学的决策程序；必须注意决策的可行性等等。
第四篇：文书写作(本)阶段练习(二)
文书写作本科阶段练习
（二）一、名词解释
1． 事务文书：是机关、团体、企事业单位在处理日常事务时用来沟通信息、安排工作、总结得失、研究问题的实用文体，是应用写作的重要组成部分。
2.请示：是下级机关向上级机关请求对某项工作、问题作出指示，对某项政策界限给予明确，对某事予以审核批准时使用的一种请求性公文。
3.报告：按照上级部署或工作计划，每完成一项任务，一般都要向上级写报告，反映工作中的基本情况、工作中取得的经验教训、存在的问题以及今后工作设想等，以取得上级领导部门的指导。
4.讲话稿：广义的讲话稿是人们在特定场合发表讲话的文稿；狭义的讲话稿即一般所说的领导讲话稿,是各级领导在各种会议上发表带有宣传、指示、总结性质讲话的文稿。
5.简报：是传递某方面信息的简短的内部小报。是具有汇报性、交流性和指导性的简短、灵活、快捷的简报又称“动态”、“简讯”、“要情”、“摘报”、“工作通讯”、“情况反映”、“情况交流”、“内部参考”等。也可以说，简报就是简要的调查报告，简要的情况报告，简要的工作报告，简要的消息报道等。
6.经济文书：就是涉及经济内容的应用文章。常见的经济文书有：
1、经济合同和经济合同协议书；
2、市场调查报告；
3、经济广告；
4、经济司法文书；
5、商品说明书。
7.经济合同：从内涵上看，是指平等民事主体的法人、其他经济组织，个体工商户、农村承包经营户相互之间，为实现一定的经济目的，明确相互权利义务关系而订立的合同。从外延上看，它主要包括购销、建设工程承包、加工承揽、货物运输、供用电、仓储保管、财产租赁、借款、财产保险以及其他经济合同。
8.价金：
9.罚则：即追究法律责任或进行法律制裁的准则。广义的处罚，包括补偿性的处罚(如赔偿损失等)和惩罚性的处罚(如刑罚、行政处罚等)；狭义的处罚仅指后者。本文着重研究惩罚性处罚准则的制定问题，包括关于罚则的理论和实践、制定罚则的原则和制作罚则的技术。
10.协议书： 广义的协议书是指社会集团或个人处理各种社会关系、事务时常 用的“契约”类文书，包括合同、议定书、条约、公约、联合宣言、联合声明、条据等。狭义的协议书指国家、政党、企业、团体或个人就某个问题经过谈判或共同协商，取得一致意见后，订立的一种具有经济或其它关系的契约性文书。
11.招标书：又称招标通告、招标启事、招标广告，它是将招标主要事项和要求公告于世，从而招使众多的投资者前来投标。一般都通过报刊、广播、电视等公开传播媒介发表。在整个招标过程中，它是属于首次使用的公开性文件，也是唯一具有周知性的文件。
12.投标书：投标单位按照招标书的条件和要求，向招标单位提交的报价并填具标单的文书。它要求密封后邮寄或派专人送到招标单位，故又称标函。它是投标单位在充分领会招标文件，进行现场实地考察和调查的基础上所编制的投标文书，是对招标公告提出的要求的响应和承诺，并同时提出具体的标价及有关事项来竞争中标。
二、简答题
1． 经济合同正文的重要条款有哪些？ 答：经济合同的条款主要包括哪如下五大内容:
第一，标的:标的就是合同双方当事人权利义务共同指向的对象。如购销合同中的货物，建设工程承包合同中的工程项目，借款合同中的货币；等等;
第二，数量和质量；
第三，价款和酬金，就是取得标的一方所给付对方的代价；
第四，履行的期限、地点和方式；
第五，违约责任。
2． 条款式合同的首部包含哪些必备要素？
答：
1、意思表示一致：说明双理解并同意有关交易的要素.2、具有合法的“标的”：指具有交易价值的东西，如：现金、货物、某种行为的许诺等等
3、具有明确的“协议”：尽管在特定的场合口头合同也是有效的，但是双方签订的书面合同是大家认同的典型“协议”形式.4、合法的主体：意思是合同主体具有完全的行为能力人，指成年人并具有完全的意思能力.3． 协议书的种类有哪几种？与合同有什么关系？
答：1)使用对象不同。合同常用于经济方面，协议书则更多用于一般工作特别是 科学研究方面。
(2)约束力不同。合同一经（依法）签订，便具有法律效力；协议书除作为补充合同所签订的意见和实际上等于合同的具有法律效力以外，未形成最后正规文本，双方未签字盖章的协议（初稿）并不具有法律效力。
(3)宽严不同。合同正文中每一条内容，必须具体、明确、完善。尤其是“违约责任”，要订得非常严格、准确，以免发生争议纠纷。协议书的不少条款，则可订得原则一些，宽泛一些，允许有一定的机动性。
上述区别，写作时应予注意。应根据事项性质，正确选用合同或者协议书。协议书的结构与合同相同。
（1)协议书常常是作为正式合同的基础。合同往往不是谈判、协商一次就可签订的，双方常常要经过反复地磋商后，对合同的基本条款才逐步一致、明确。为了肯定初步商谈的结果，双方常先签订协议书，便于进一步洽谈。这时的协议书，内容尚待完整详尽，主要作用在于“备忘”，不具有法律效力。
(2)协议书有时作为合同的补充。在履行合同中，双方如感到合同有修改补充的必要，可经过洽谈协商，把一致的意见用协议的形式写下来，作为合同补充。这时协议书已成为合同的组成部分，与原合同具有同等的效力。
（3）协议书有时等于合同。对一些难以确定隶属于国家规定的合同种类的事项，双方当事人经过协商，签订了“协议书”，后来也未再签订合同，双方均按“协议书”上的内容履行义务和权利，这时“协议书”实质上就是合同，具有合同的同等效力。
4．广告的创意应注意哪几个方面？ 答:
1、广告创意要立意新颖而奇特，但不得离谱
2、广告创意要带有艺术性，但并不是纯粹的艺术
3、广告创意应该突出主题，不要喧宾夺主
4、广告创意要表现文化精华，而不能污染文化 5．投标书的特点是什么？
答：（1）针对性（2）求实性（3）合约性 6.市场调查报告正文的主体一般写什么内容？ 答：一是按调查顺序逐点来写；
二是按人和事的产生、发展和变化过程来写，以体现其规律性； 三是将两种事物加以对比，以显示其优劣，找出其差异性； 四是按内容的特点分门别类逐一叙述。7.项目可行性报告的特点是什么？ 答：预见性、公正性、可靠性、科学性
三、材料改错题
（一）将下面这篇材料修改正确
××研究所关于增加办公室编制、经费和解决办公用车的请示
××××：
我所办公室自××年×月成立以来，在有关部门的大力支持下，工作进展顺利，但目前仍存在一些较为实际而又急需解决的困难。
第一，我所在办公室编制甚少，现编制4人，除两名正、副主任外，只有两名工作人员，又因本部门工作需经常外出调查，故工作不能很好地开展。
第二，经济严重不足。由于我所辖地目前有5个肿瘤高发区现场，需要我们组织人、财、物力调查发病原因及有关数字，但包干的经费远远不够所需开支的资金。有些工作，由于经济不足，已陷入瘫痪状态。
第三，出车难问题。由于交通工具不便，人少经费紧张，我们需要批给一辆卧车和司机。
以上请示报告，请批复。
××研究所
二〇〇六年×月×日 答：
××研究所关于增加办公室编制的请示
××××：
我所办公室自××年×月成立以来，在有关部门的大力支持下，工作进展基本顺利，但目前仍存在一些较为实际而又急需解决的困难。
我所在办公室编制甚少，现编制4人，除两名正、副主任外，只有两名工作人员，又因本部门工作需经常外出调查，故人员编制不够。
以上请示报告，请批复。
××研究所
二〇〇六年×月×日
（二）指出下列公文的错误，并加以改正。
XX队关于请求更新设备的请示报告
X发[ 2009]3号
公司党委、王副经理、资产部：
当前我们公司形势一片大好。全公司干部职工正在以爱岗敬业的实际行动投身到企业的改革发展建设中去。形势喜人也逼人。在这种情况下，我们更要保持清醒头脑，既要爱护群众的积极性，也要维护好生产设备，以便企业有更大的发展后劲。为此我们才呈送以下这份请示报告。
我们队现在使用的XX设备是上个世纪XX年代购买的。当时那可真称得上是一套先进设备。使用起来得心应手，为我们队创造了很好的经济效益，立下了汗马功劳。可是随着时间的推移，岁月的流流逝，再好的设备也会老化。现在我们这套设备工艺已经落后。特别是其中的几个重要部件已经大修过几次，到了难已再修的程度。继续使用极易出现生产事故。为此，我们请求公司为我们队更新XX设备。大约需要人民币XXX万元。
借此机会我们顺便汇报一下我队生产任务的完成情况。第一季度超额完成任务，第二季度也做到时间过半任务完成过半。请领导放心，我们决不会因为设备问题而影响任务的完成。我们可以充分发挥另几套后买的设备的作用。
以上请示报告，妥否请批准。
XX队队长XXX 2009年7月 答：
XX队关于更新设备的请示
X发[2009]3号
公司资产部：
我们队现在使用的XX设备是上个世纪XX年代购买的。现在这套设备工艺已经落后。特别是其中的几个重要部件已经大修过几次，到了难已再修的程度。继续使用极易出现生产事故。为此，我们请求公司为我们队更新XX设备。大约需要人民币XXX万元。
以上请示，妥否请批准。
XX队 2009年7月
（三）指出下列公文的错误，并加以改正。
关于增拨基建经费的函
省财政厅：
首先，请允许我们向贵厅致以亲切的问候，对贵厅多年来对我们的支持和合作，表示衷心的感谢。此次来函主要商量以下问题：
经有关部门批准，我局正在建造一幢办公大楼，该项工程得到了省政府的支持，在省政府的批复下，贵厅已经拨给我局1000万，此项经费已专款专用。目前工程尚在进行当中。但是由于建筑材料涨价等原因，原预算资金缺口较大，恳请贵厅再次拨给资金不足部分，以免影响办公大楼竣工，从而影响我局的正常工作。
特此请示，请批准！
XX省建设厅
2004.5.25 答：
关于增拨基建经费的函
省财政厅：
此次来函主要商量以下问题：
经有关部门批准，我局正在建造一幢办公大楼，该项工程得到了省政府的支持，在省政府的批复下，贵厅已经拨给我局1000万，此项经费已专款专用。目前工程尚在进行当中。但是由于建筑材料涨价等原因，原预算资金缺口较大，恳请贵厅再次拨给资金不足部分，再次向贵厅申请××万元。
请予支持，盼早日函复
XX省建设
二零一四月五月二十五日
（四）指出下文的错误，并加以改正。
2003学年我的个人总结
炎日当空，天上没有一丝云彩，火辣辣的太阳简直叫人不敢出门，空中没有一点风，只有知了在树上不停地叫着，好像在说：‚放假啦，放假啦‛。又一学年过去了，我应该利用暑假对这一学年的学习情况做一些总结，以迎接新学年的到来。
在这一学年里，我学习了成本会计、管理会计、审计原理、经济法、计算机应用、外贸会计、大学英语、应用文写作、体育、职业道德、概率论等课。其中成本会计82，管理会计86，审计原理80，经济法89，计算机应用90，外贸会计90，大学英语72，应用文写作68，体育85，职业道德是优，概率论是中。总的来说，成绩还是可以的，在班上属中等水平。其中，计算机应用、职业道德和外贸会计成绩好些优秀，而大学英语、概率论和应用文写作成绩差些，不够理想。下一学期，我要继续努力，争取取得更好的成绩，最好都在80分以上，这样就可以获得奖学金，减轻家庭的经济负担，更可以在择业时增加自 7 己的实力。
文秘一（1）班 ××× 答：
2004学年个人学习总结
炎日当空，天上没有一丝云彩，火辣辣的太阳简直叫人不敢出门，空中没有一点风，只有知了在树上不停地叫着，好像在说：‚放假啦，放假啦‛。又一学年过去了，我应该利用暑假对这一学年的学习情况做一些总结，以迎接新学年的到来。
在这一学年里，我学习了成本会计、管理会计、审计原理、经济法、计算机应用、外贸会计、大学英语、应用文写作、体育、职业道德、概率论等课。其中成本会计82，管理会计86，审计原理80，经济法89，计算机应用90，外贸会计90，大学英语72，应用文写作68，体育85，职业道德是优，概率论是中。总的来说，成绩还是可以的，在班上属中等水平。其中，计算机应用、职业道德和外贸会计成绩好些优秀，而大学英语、概率论和应用文写作成绩差些，不够理想。下一学期，我要继续努力，争取取得更好的成绩，最好都在80分以上，这样就可以获得奖学金，减轻家庭的经济负担，更可以在择业时增加自己的实力。
文秘一（1）班 ×××
XXXX年X月X日
四、材料写作题
（一）根据下面的情况，写一份借款合同。借款合同的内容应包括借款种类、币种、用途、数额、利率、期限和还款方式等条款。
盛大制药厂（甲方）在2004年因生产规模扩大，资金周转上遇到了暂时的困难，向吴兴市工商银行（乙方）借款人民币3000万，借期为一年，自2004年6月1日起至2005年5月31日止，利率按中国人民银行规定的一年贷款利率支付，并由台生家具公司（丙方）提供担保。借款人（甲方）保证按合同约定的 用途使用借款，借款到期时准时归还本息，如果在借款期间发生了足以影响合同履行的事项，借款人保证向贷款银行（乙方）如实告知。吴兴市工商银行（乙方）保证按约定的日期、数额提供借款。双方还商定如果发生纠纷，就通过友好协商加以解决，协商不成可向吴兴市仲裁委员会提请仲裁或向吴兴市法院提起起诉。
答：借款合同
借款方：盛大制药厂（简称甲方）
地址：×××
贷款方：吴兴市工商银行（简称乙方）
地址：×××
甲方在2004年因生产规模扩大，资金周转上遇到了暂时的困难，提出向乙方借款，经双方协商，签订本合同，以共同遵守：
（一）借款金额：人民币叁仟万整。
（二）借款期限：自2004年6月1日起至2005年5月31日，借期一年。
（三）利息：利率按中国人民银行规定的一年贷款利率支付。
（四）履约方式：甲方保证按合同约定的用途使用借款，借款到期时准时归还本息，如果在借款期间发生了足以影响合同履行的事项，借款人保证向乙方如实告知。乙方保证按约定的日期、数额提供借款。
（五）解决争议的办法：如果发生纠纷，双方通过友好协商加以解决，协商不成可向吴兴市仲裁委员会提请仲裁或向吴兴市法院提起起诉。
（六）本合同自签订之日起生效，双方均不得有任何改动。
（七）本合同一式两份，双方各执一份。
盛大制药厂（公章）
法人代表：（签字）
吴兴市工商银行（公章）
法人代表：（签字）
2004年5月×日
（二）阅读下面的广告，然后回答问题
电视广告：喜乐饮料
（画面）富丽堂皇的王宫，一小国王在宝座上喝着饮料，几个侍臣端着各种饮料。背景映出‚好吃国的故事‛。
音乐声起。
小国王：‚这是本王最爱喝的乳酸饮料，谁能找到更好的乳酸饮料，我就把王位让给他。‛
（侍臣依次呈上各种饮料）
小国王：‚这个不对，这个也不是。‛
（一老神仙，手持喜乐饮料，飘飘然从天而降至王宫）
老神仙：‚‘喜乐’具有丰富的营养和帮助消化的功能，就连天上的神仙也难喝到呢。‛
小国王：‚喜乐！没想到吧。‛
（1）根据这则广告，请谈谈你怎样看待广告的创造性和真实性。（2）请你给“喜乐饮料”写一份对话体广告。
3．请你将这段时间学习《应用文写作》课程的学习情况写一篇总结。要求：格式完整、正确，语言流畅，字数不少于600字。文中需用真名时要用×××代替。
感受应用文的魅力
能上应用文写作这门课程，也是一个机缘巧合，以前对应用文写作这门课程的第一影响就是：“不就是教人谢谢作文么，高考都经历过了，还有什么类型的作文不会写”。然而学完这门课后，我为自己的无知而羞愧，为自己的狂妄而惭愧。
在学完这门课程后，我发现了这和我平时见到的文学作品有很大的区别。文学作品供人欣赏，其价值在于审美，它以美感人，以美育人，通过丰富.透明的艺术形象使人在欢愉中不知不觉达到感染教育的效果。而应用文写作则不然，它主要是为了解决实际中的问题，具有很高的价值性与直接实用性。并且它不需要过多华丽辞藻的修饰，只需要简明扼要地按照规范写成文章即可。因此这让我找到了自信，让我下定决心要认真上好每一堂应用文写作课程。掌握好每一种应用文所需要理解和记住的要点。
学完后我发现生活中的应用文有一些这样的特点：
一、应用写作时是一种“非我”的心态。
生活中，一般文体的写作往往是站在“自我”的角度，表达自己，或者抒发自己的情感、阐述自己的观点，亦或者按照自己的理解去说明，即使新闻、纪实文学之类的文体，也往往是以作者自己的视野，去所观、所思、所感，再进而付诸笔端。然而，应用文写作一般是要站在某一群体、某一组织、某一集团的位置上，它所传达的是被代表的单位的发出的信息，接受者也往往是集团性质的或者众多个体的。所以在写作时一般不要总想着自己，而要多考虑文中所代表的单位的立场，因为表达的是“非我”，而非“自我”。
比如：给领导草拟文件，一定弄清楚他的意图，不然急急忙忙去写，接着恐怕要经历多次“返工”的痛苦经历。因为你是给领导写的，领导又是从单位和自己的行政思想出发来共同完成这份文件。再比如写请示、公函、报告、简报等，一定要弄清楚本单位与所发的单位之间的关系，如隶属关系、行政级别关系、业务工作关系等等，据此才能采取合适的文体，在文中使用相应的语气和措辞，这样才能作到文如其事、恰如其分。否则可能一个细小的疏忽，可能会酿成大错。在课上三位老师举了很多例子，正说明了这一点，应用写作所站的角度的重要性。
二、应用写作—— “死板”而不乏“灵活”的写作。无论是公文、专用文件、规章制度和日常应用文，人们在长期的写作过程中，一些格式和要求约定俗成，甚至一些公文的格式政府部门有明确的规定，因此，我们应用写作时往往不能乱来，必须遵守规则。这不同于文学创作，个人可以有较大的发挥空间，无论在形式还是内容上，都可以打破陈规，不断创新。且不可对规则置若罔闻，否则会造成写作上的失败。
但这并不是说，应用文写作就没有我们可以发挥的空间了，我认为除了形式上的较多的约束外，在内容上除了注意一些语气的东西，这里面还是有一定的空间去驰骋的，当然毕竟应用文不是其他的文学作品，有那么多可以发挥的地方，还是以实用为上。
应用文的写作格式和要求，具体不同的文体不尽相同，像我们这些“草根”初学者不免眼花缭乱，不胜其烦，对于这些规则，我觉得靠死记硬背是不行的，因为即使死记住，也往往不能灵活应用。最好的方法是找来一些标准范文去看，对照规则去看，多想想为什么这样，最好能理解这样要求的合理性，当然对于一些习惯性的东西，记住就是了。然后，可以不看规则去写一两篇相同文体的，在 对照规则和范文去检查。我觉得在反复实践中去理解记忆比较好。在课上，三位老师给我们一些有问题的材料，去挑错，这也是个相当不错的教学方法，有利于我们快速掌握应用文的写作要领。
三、应用写作的“朴实”文风
我们很多人包括我自己，都喜欢文辞华美、韵味隽永的文学作品，因为这些作品往往能给我们带来极大的艺术享受和精神愉悦，但应用写作不太追求辞藻的华丽，它的文风相对来说就要朴实无华一些，基本上很少在词句上粉饰雕琢。我们很多同学，特别是原来文学功底较深的，往往有唯美主义的倾向，总喜欢写东西写得很艺术化，文中使用大量的修辞手法，什么比喻、夸张、拟人等等，堆砌许多优美的词句和典故。如果这样来写小说、诗歌、散文，只要使用适时适地，自然是很好的。但应用写作追求一个“实”字，应用文不是供人们把玩鉴赏的艺术品，它和人们的社会生活结合得非常紧密，它是一种应用文体，是为了实际工作、实际生活而使用，是传递交流信息、商洽处理问题的一种工具。因此，写应用文时一定要避免那种不合适的文风。切记洗尽铅华、天然雕饰也是一种好的文风。
但是不是应用文写出来都是给人一种干巴巴、读来索然无味的感觉？我认为，既然文章总是要让人来读的，包括应用文也是要有相关的人员去阅读，那么不可避免就要考虑人的阅读心理，要有某种趣味性，让人愿意读下来。所以在符合规定的格式和要求下，尽量把内容写得生动有趣些，是必不可少的。
四、应用文的“单义性”
许多文学作品寓意深刻、内涵丰富，不同的读者在阅读的过程中，根据自己的心理感受和理解去诠释其中的意义，这样同样的一部作品，可能有不同甚至是大相径庭的理解。应用文一定要避免这种“多义性”，意义一定要明确，避免产生歧义，给不同的阅读者有这样那样的解释，否则，会造成工作中的极大混乱，比如制定的规章制度，在用词上用了一些摸棱两可的词汇，给人理解上有不同的说法，就会在执行规章制度的过程中，造成麻烦。再比如一些待签订的合同，一定要逐字逐句地检查有无漏洞，反复斟酌，有无逻辑错误和未考虑到的情况，否则一个很小的纰漏，会带来极大的损失，在这方面的教训是很惨痛的。写应用文时一定要注意表述上的准确性，避免词不达意。
总之：《应用文写作》这门课程是一门既学理论知识又要掌握写作技法的一门理论与实践结合的课程，通过三位各有各自独特风格的老师的详细讲解让我们既全面掌握各类文体的写作知识，了解其特点、作用、写作要求，更重要的是具备写作能力，能写出各类各种规范的应用文章，这对我们这些初学者而言是非常有价值的。
4．xx市xx局办公室拟编发一份简报，题为《转变机关职能，大力发展第三产 12 业》，编发时间为200X年X月X日，编号为第4期，报送省XX局、市委、市府、市经委，印发各县市XX局，本局各科室、各直属单位，共印140份。请根据上述内容和简报的格式画出报头、正文和报尾。答：
××局工作简报
第4期
××市××局办公室 200×年×月×日
转变机关职能，大力发展第三产业
××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××。（正文）
报送：省XX局，市委，市府，市经委
印发：各县市XX局，本局各科室、各直属单位
（共印140份）
第五篇：大学英语本4
阶段练习----
4I．Grammar points(网络统考语法考点梳理-----非谓语结构)
1.The professor walked out of the classroom, deeply _satisfied__(satisfy)with the performance
of his students.2.He was excited to see his paper(论文)__published_(publish).3.I seem to smell something _burning__(burn).1.The police had a hard time _keeping__(keep)the traffic _moving__(move).2.Mother had the washing machine _running__(run)for hours.3.I won’t have anything _said__(say)against my friends.4.My sister had her fingernails _painted__(paint)before _going__(go)to the dance party.5.The teacher got all the students _to listen__(listen)to her attentively.6.The work accident set all the officials concerned _thinking__(think)seriously about safety
regulations.7._Trying__(try)to make himself _understood__(understand), he explained the problem in
great detail.8.__Having received_(receive)her son’s letter, she felt a great weight _taken__(take)off her
mind.9._Stepping__(step)into the classroom, the teacher found all the students _gone__(go).10.When _visiting__(visit)a strange city, I would like to have an experienced guide _show__
(show)me around.11.When _put__(put)into Chinese, almost all of the English prepositions(介词)sound like
verbs.12._Surrounded__(Surround)by the police, the kidnappers had no choice but _to
surrender__(surrender).13._Having finished preparing__(finish)___(prepare)the test paper, the teacher went on __to
read_(read)the students’ essays.14._Not wanting__(not want)to hear his job performance _discussed__(discuss)at the meeting,he refused _to attend__(attend)the meeting.15.Is there any hope of _obtaining__(obtain)a quiet room? I just can’t stand _sleeping__(sleep)
with such noise.16.Though _not knowing_(not know)anything about it, he tried _fixing__(fix)the computer
himself.17.The concert usually takes place at the People’s Square, with the audience __seated__(seat)on
the ground.II．课文单句理解与翻译（Unit 6）
21.You want to have a lot of friends but you don't want to put up too much effort in maintaining the friendship?
你想拥有很多朋友，但又不想花太大力气维持友情，是吧？
22.I studied English literature when I was in university.我在大学时学习英国文学。
23.Books, newspapers, letters-that's how people communicated and kept in touch.书籍、报纸、信函 – 那就是当时人们交流与保持联系的方式。
24.That is the basis of a virtual friendship: the writings between two people, or between a group
of people.那就是虚拟优异的基础：两个人或者一组人之间的文字。
25.With the Internet, it seems that the strength of the written word has returned.随着互联网，文字的力量又回来了。
26.In the era of cyberspace, is it now possible to befriend, fall in love with, break up with a person all without physically meeting?
在虚拟空间时代，不用面对面就可以交友、恋爱、分手吗？
27.Personally, while writing is a medium that allows me to express myself best, it’s not necessarily a medium that I prefer.在我看来，尽管文字是允许我进行最佳自我表达的方式，但这种方式未必是我偏爱的。
28.It’s also because of this element that written communication can be easily abused.也正是因为这个因素，书面交流很容易被滥用。
29.Deception is possible when there is very little real reason to be honest.当没有什么真正的理由保持诚实，欺骗是可能发生的。
30.The answer to that question seems to be in the positive.对那个问题的答案似乎是肯定的。
III．Reading Comprehension
Passage One
I recently turned fifty, which is young for a tree, middle life for an elephant, ancient for a sportsman.Fifty is a nice number for the states in the US or for a national speed limit, but it is not a number that I was prepared to have hung on me, fifty is supposed to be my father’s age, but now I am stuck with this number and everything it means.A few days ago, a friend tried to cheer me up by saying, ―Fifty is what forty used to be.‖ He had made an inspirational point.Am I over the hill? People keep telling me that the hill has been moved, and I keep telling them that the high-jump bar has dropped from the six feet I onceeasily cleared to the four feet that is impossible for me now.―You’re not getting older, you’re getting better,‖ says Dr.Brothers.This, however, is the kind of doctor who inspires a second opinion.And so, as I approach the day when I can’t even jump over the tennis net, I am moved to share some thoughts on aging with you.Getting older is obviously a better change than the one that brings you eulogies(悼词).Most of my first fifty years have been golden ones, so I’ll settle for what is ahead being as good as what has gone by.I find myself moving toward what is ahead with a curious blend of both fighting and accepting my aging, hoping that the philosopher was right when he said, ―Old is always fifteen years from now.‖
31.The author seems to tell us in Paragraph I that ___B____.A)time alone will tellB)time goes by quickly
C)his father should be fifty years oldD)fifty is an extraordinary number
32.When the author turned fifty, people around him ___A_____.A)tried to comfort himB)got inspiration from him
C)were friendlier with himD)found him a failure
33.The author considers his fifty years of life __C____.A)peacefulB)ordinaryC)satisfactoryD)regretful
34.From the passage we learnt that the author must be __C____ when he was young.A)an successful businessmanB)a distinguished tennis player
C)an excellent high jumperD)an experienced coach
35.The author intends to convey the message that ____D_____.A)the old should led a simple life
B)the old should take more exercise
C)the old fill themselves with curiosity
D)the old should face the fact of aging positively
Passage Two
What will people die of 100 years from now? If you think that is a simple question, you have not been paying attention to the revolution that is taking place in bio-technology.With the help of new medicine, the human body will last a very long time.Death will come mainly from accidents, murder and war.Today’s leading killers, such as heart disease, cancer, and aging itself, will become distant memories.In discussion of technological changes, the Internet gets most of the attention these days.But the change in medicine can be real technological event of our times.How long can humans live? Human brains were known to decide the final death.Cells are the basic units of all living things, and until recently, scientists were sure that the life of cells could not go much beyond 120 years because the basic materials of cells, such as those of brain cells, would not last forever.But the upper limits will be broken by new medicine.Sometime between 2050 and 2100, medicine will have advanced to the point at which every 10 years or so, people will be able to take medicine to repair their organs.The medicine, made up of the basic building materials of life, will build new brain cells, heart cells, and so on – in much the same way our bodies make new skin cells to take the place of old ones.It is exciting to imagine that the advance in technology may be changing the most basic condition of human existence, but many technical problems still must be cleared up on the way to this wonderful future.36.According to the passage, human death is now mainly caused by __A___.A)diseases and agingB)accidents and war
C)accidents and agingD)heart disease and war
37.In the author’s opinion, today’s most important advance in technology lies in __A___.A)medicineB)the InternetC)brain cellsD)human organs
38.Humans may live longer in the future because ___D__.A)heart disease will be far away from us
B)human brains can decide the final death
C)the basic materials of cells will last forever
D)human organs can be repaired by new medicines
39.According to the passage, the scientists used to believe that basic units of living things _______B______.A)were heart organs
B)could not last more than 120 years
C)were brain cells
D)controlled our life span
40.We can learn from the passage that __C___.A)human life will not last more than 120 years in the future
B)humans have to take medicine to build new skin cells now
C)much needs to be done before humans can have a longer life
D)we have already solved the technical problems in building new cells
Passage Three
When Mrs.Joseph Jones died recently in Vienna, Austria, people asked the obvious question, ―Why did she live to be 107?‖ answers were provided by a survey conducted among 148 Viennese men and women who reached the age of 100.somewhat surprising was the fact that the majority had lived most of their lives in cities.In spite of the city’s image as an unhealthy place, city living often provides benefits that country living can lack.One factor seems to be important to the longevity of those interviewed.This factor is exercise.In the cities it is often faster to walk around short distances than to wait for a bus.Even taking public transportation often requires some walking.Smaller apartment houses have no elevators, and so people must climb stairs.City people can usually walk to local supermarkets.Since parking spaces are hard to find, there is often no alternative to walking.On the other hand, those who live in the country and suburbs do not have to walk every day.in fact, the opposite is true.To go to school, work, or almost anywhere else, they must ride in cars.41．The Vienna survey may help to explain __C___.a)the complaints of people in apartment houses
b)the cause of Mrs.Jones death
c)the longevity of people like Mrs.Jones.d)the image of cities in general
42.The purpose of the second paragraph is to list some __B___.A)benefits of walking
B)occasions for walking in city life
C)comments made by city people
D)problems of city living
43.To reach the third floor of a building, it would probably be most healthful __B___.A)to take the elevatorB)to walk up the stairs
C)to ride in a carD)to find an alternative to walking
44.People who live in the country probably do more driving than walking because __A___.A)they don’t live near business area
B)they don’t need the exercise
C)they never have parking problems
D)they can’t afford to take a bus
45.A conclusion that can be drawn from this passage is that _D____.A)air pollution is not seriousB)anyone can live to be 107
C)country people should move to the city
D)walking is a healthful exercise
Passage Four
Change—or the ability to adapt oneself to a changing environment is essential to evolution.The farmer whose land is required for housing or industry must adapt himself.He can move to another place and master the problems peculiar to it;he can change his occupation, perhaps after a period of training;or he can starve to death.A nation, which cannot adapt its trade or defense requirements to meet world conditions, faces economic or military disaster.Nothing is fixed and permanently stable.There must be movement forward, which is progress of a sort, or movement backward, which is decay and deterioration.In this context(环境), tradition can be a force for good or for evil.As long as it offers a guide, it helps the ignorant and the uninformed to take a step forward and, thereby, to adapt themselves to changed circumstances.Tradition, or custom, can guide the hunter as effectively as it can influence the nervous hostess.But if we make an idol(偶像)of tradition, it ceases(停止)to become a guide and becomes an obstacle lying on the path of change and progress.If we insist on trying to plot the future by the past, we clearly handicap(阻碍)ourselves and invite failure.The better course is to adapt the help which tradition can give but, realizing that it necessarily has its roots in the past, to be well aware of its limitations in a changing world.46.The ability mentioned by the writer is the ability __B___.A)to work in the changing world
B)to fit oneself to a changing environment
C)to keep a nation’s tradition
D)to live a happy life in the world
47．How is the example of the farmer relevant to the author’s comments on tradition?B
A)The farmer is greatly influenced by tradition.B)The farmer is mentioned as an example of need for people to be adaptable.C)The farmer may not have to undergo a period of training.D)The farmer would rather starve to death than leave his land.48.In Line 1 of Paragraph 2, ―this context‖ refers to __D__.A)decay and deteriorationB)movement forward
C)traditionD)a changing world
49.If people make an idol of tradition, __C___.A)it helps people move forward
B)it becomes a guide
C)it ceases to become a guide
D)it can not influence people
50.The obstacle ―lying on the path of change‖ is __B___.A)the attitude of accepting tradition as guide only
B)excessive(过度)devotion to tradition without realizing its limitations
C)future events unable to be predicted
D)an excessive desire for change without considering experiences
IV.用适当形式填空
Section A：从“while, when, whereas, as, since”中选择适当的连词填空
51.Their country has plenty of oil, _while__ ours has none.52.__When__the speaker sat down, the applause(掌声)was terrific.53._As__ the years passed, he became more and more absorbed in his work.54._Since__ she entered the school, she has been keeping a diary.55.She replied, __as_ she took the gift, that she would always cherish(珍爱)it.56.They got married __while_ still at college.57._When__ he comes across a new word in reading, he always look it up in the dictionary.58._As__ was expected, Tom failed in the math exam.59.Mary went to church, dressed _as__ she always did in a dark overcoat.60.__While_ I understand what you said, I can’t agree with you.Section B：用be动词的适当形式填空，注意数与时态
61.Government __are_(be)believed to differ strikingly from business in that government _is_(be)
characterized by its absolute control of power.62.The new machinery in our factory _was__(be)introduced from Germany.63.A series of road accidents _was_(be)being reported recently.64.According to a recent report, the species of Giant Pandas _is_(be)in danger of extinction(灭
绝).65.The car dealer informed me that a good set of tires _was_(be)supposed to last at least twenty
thousand miles, which _were__(be)a long distance.V．阅读课文Unit 6精读课文，完型填空（单词首次母已给出）
depressives naturally and find ways to recover our true selves.I u sed 67to use my sense ofon the role of cheerleader, morale officer, and head of the Joke Department.It is something we t end 71to do: accept responsibility for doing the impossible, to f ill 72gaping wholes in our souls.the meds and therapy have kicked in.I can be myself again, though it has been so long that I have forgotten 75what my real self looks like.The search is on.
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