第一篇：SENTY口译课上讲义
SENTY口译课上讲义
（一）一、关于英译汉使用技巧讲解 翻译练习
二、口译技巧收集之26个有意思的英语经济名词
三、关于英语中常用的比喻词组的总结
一．关于英译汉使用技巧讲解 翻译练习
Commercial cargoes are transported by highway，water and rail。One recent innovation is “containerized” cargo.At the factory，crates of goods are placed in large metal containers on wheels，and the containers are sealed and hitched to trucks to be taken to railroad centers or ports，where large cranes lift them on to freight cars，barges or ships.商业货物由公路，水路与铁路来运输，近来发明了“集装箱”货运。在厂家就把货物装入带轮子的大型金属集装箱内，装箱密封后，挂在卡车后拉到铁路编组站或港口，用大吊车装上货物车厢，驳船或轮船。
Crime is partly a result of bad material conditions ： certainly it is most prevalent among people whose lives are not satisfactory in obvious ways---people without a settled home，with parents separated or divorced，victims of various kinds of misfortune，including poverty and lack of education。But bad social conditions，in the obvious material sense，can hardly be accepted as the main explanation for a rapid increase of crime in the 1960s and 1970s。There are after all fewer people suffering from the bad conditions than before，and it is much easier to make a very satisfactory living by honest work now than it was forty years ago，on indeed at any previous time.The problem is shared with the rest of western civilization，and beyond it。
犯罪的部分原因是物质条件差;犯罪当然在生活明显不满意的人中最普遍，没有固定住处者，父母分居或离婚者，各种灾祸的受害者，其中，包括贫困和缺乏教育者。可是社会物质条件差，不能认为是六，七十年代犯罪剧增的主要原因。毕竟受穷者比以前少了，现在通过正当职业谋得相当满意的生计，比40年前，以至以往任何时候都容易多了。这个问题在整个西方，以及其他地区都存在.二．口译技巧收集之26个有意思的英语经济名词
1.air pocket 气囊：指一种股票的显而易见的极其虚弱性。
2.backdoor listing 后门上市：一家公司因其自身未能符合交易所上市规定，便买进一个上市公司，将自身并入其中而使自己能够上市。
3.basket purchase 一篮子购买：以一种价格购买一组资产。然而在记帐时，每件物品可以单独记入，并对每件资产指定一个成本。
4.bear trap 空头陷阱：当股票下跌时，引起大量抛售，然后价格又上涨。
5.bed and breakfast deals 床头和早餐交易：卖空骗局。个人或公司根据事先安排的交易，先卖出股票，继而在第二天买回，以此形成一个抵消资本收益的税损。本做法仅存于英国。
6.bottom fisher 底部钓鱼人：寻找那些价格已跌至最底点，即将发生转机的商品或股票的投资者。在有些情况下指购买破产或濒临破产组织的股票或债券的人们。
7.butterfly spread 蝴蝶差：同时在相同或不同的市场上买或卖三种期货合同，产生利润和借贷权。
8.Chinese Wall 中国墙：不可逾越的障碍物，用以阻止华尔街商行的交易区不公正地使用投资银行家们从客户那里秘密获得的信息。
9.fallen angle 下坠天使：大公司的高价证券因某些不利的负面消息而使价格突然下跌。
10.golden handcuffs 金手铐：将经纪人和经纪人事务所连结起来的合同；是经纪业对经纪人从一个公司到另一个公司频繁变动的反应。一般包括将其受雇时接受的大部分报酬返还原公司的协议。
11.gold brick 假金砖：毫无价值的带有欺诈特点的证券。
12.gray knight 灰骑士：公司收购中并非收购对象所寻求的投机性二次投标者，只想利用收购对象和原投标者之间的问题而牟利。
13.raveyard market 墓地市场：一种在其中的不能出来，在外面的不能进去的证券市场。.lame duck 跛脚鸭：冒险失败的投机者或股票交易中资不抵债的人。
15.long leg 长脚：期权价差合同中表明购买基础证券许诺的部分。
16.Mother Goose 鹅妈妈：募股章程简述，位于募股说明书的最前面。
17.poison pill 毒丸：公司发行新认股权证或对优先股授权，使收购公司的成本极大，从而阻止不友好的收购兼并企图。
18.shark watcher 鲨鱼监察者：专门观察和监视接管活动的公司。
19.sunrise industry 朝阳工业：有很大增长潜力及出口潜力的、高风险的高科技企业。
20.sunshine trading 阳光贸易：无障碍地从事大宗贸易。
21.turtle blood 龟血：流动性很低，不可能很快升值的证券。
22.war babies 战争宝宝：以为美国国防部制造产品为业务的公司的证券。
23.white elephant 白象：需要高额成本维护而实际上无利可图的资产或损失已成定局的资产。
24.white knight 白色骑士：为鼓励另一家企业进行成功的公司兼并，一个善意的第三方加入以击退另一竞买者。
25.window dressing 窗口包装：为使财务报表表现出比实际情况要好而采用的一种会计方法，一般是一种舞弊。
26.yellow knight 黄色骑士：一家公司企图吞并另一家公司时两家发生的兼并争执。
三．关于英语中常用的比喻词组的总结
as bald as a coot
头发脱光的（像白骨顶鸡一样秃）
as blind as a bat
有眼无珠（像蝙蝠一样瞎）
as blind as an owl
瞎透了（像猫头鹰一样瞎）
as bold as brass
厚颜无耻（像黄铜一样厚脸皮的）
as busy as a bee
极忙碌（像蜜蜂一样忙碌）
as clear as a bell
极为清晰（像铃铛一样清晰）
as clear as day
一清二楚的（像白天一样清楚）
as cool as a cucumber
极为冷静的（像黄瓜一样冷静）
as easy as a pie
极容易（像馅饼一样容易）
as fussy as a hen with one chick
在小事上瞎操心（像带着小鸡的母鸡一样操心）
as hard as the nether millstone
铁石心肠（像下层的磨石一样坚硬）
as hungry as a hunter
非常饥饿（像捕猎者一样饥饿）
as lively as a cricket
极活泼（像蟋蟀一样活泼）
as mad as a wet hen
非常生气（像弄湿的母鸡一样生气）
as mild as a dove
非常温和（像鸽子一样温和）
as plain as the nose in your face
一清二楚（像你脸上的鼻子一样清楚）
as poor as a church mouse
赤贫的（像教堂的老鼠一样穷）
as proud as a peacock
极骄傲（骄傲得像只孔雀）
as strong as a horse
健壮如牛（像马一样强壮）
as stupid as an owl
极愚蠢（像猫头鹰一样愚蠢）
as thin as a wafer
极薄（像糯米纸一样薄）
as true as steel
绝对可靠（像钢一样可靠）
第二篇：SENTY口译课上讲义(一)
SENTY口译课上讲义
（一）一、关于英译汉使用技巧讲解 翻译练习
二、分析雅思写作五大困境和对策
三、关于英语中常用的比喻词组的总结
一．关于英译汉使用技巧讲解 翻译练习
Commercial cargoes are transported by highway，water and rail。One recent innovation is “containerized” cargo.At the factory，crates of goods are placed in large metal containers on wheels，and the containers are sealed and hitched to trucks to be taken to railroad centers or ports，where large cranes lift them on to freight cars，barges or ships.商业货物由公路，水路与铁路来运输，近来发明了“集装箱”货运。在厂家就把货物装入带轮子的大型金属集装箱内，装箱密封后，挂在卡车后拉到铁路编组站或港口，用大吊车装上货物车厢，驳船或轮船。
Crime is partly a result of bad material conditions ： certainly it is most prevalent among people whose lives are not satisfactory in obvious ways---people without a settled home，with parents separated or divorced，victims of various kinds of misfortune，including poverty and lack of education。But bad social conditions，in the obvious material sense，can hardly be accepted as the main explanation for a rapid increase of crime in the 1960s and 1970s。There are after all fewer people suffering from the bad conditions than before，and it is much easier to make a very satisfactory living by honest work now than it was forty years ago，on indeed at any previous time.The problem is shared with the rest of western civilization，and beyond it。
犯罪的部分原因是物质条件差;犯罪当然在生活明显不满意的人中最普遍，没有固定住处者，父母分居或离婚者，各种灾祸的受害者，其中，包括贫困和缺乏教育者。可是社会物质条件差，不能认为是六，七十年代犯罪剧增的主要原因。毕竟受穷者比以前少了，现在通过正当职业谋得相当满意的生计，比40年前，以至以往任何时候都容易多了。这个问题在整个西方，以及其他地区都存在.二．分析雅思写作五大困境和对策
考生在写作时面临一些困境和问题，主要有以下几点：
一、滔滔不绝“意识流”
有一部分考生在考试时一见到作文题，便感到很对自己的胃口，觉得有很多内容要写。于是乎，千言万语涌上心头，写着前一句想着后一句。往往前句尚未写完便接上了后一句，辛辛苦苦写了一大堆（甚至有写11个自然段的），犹觉余意未尽。结果令判卷的老师头疼不己，无法继续往下看。原因就在于这种没有构思、未理提纲的作文章法太乱，语言质量差。无论是四、六级考试还是研究生入学考试，我国的作文试题都是规定式作文（controlled writing），这跟国外考试不一样。因此，写作时必须按给出的提纲或提示去写，任何过于放任自由的做法都是不可取的，更不要另有所图，滔滔不绝。这是进入实际操作前的一个基本认识问题，稍不留神就会出问题。
要控制这种“意识流”的写法，必须严格按照三点提纲来写。假如第一段要求描述某个现象，务必不要先进行原因分析，否则到了第二段该分析原因的时候就没东西可写了。明智的做法是投其所好，该如何就如何，这一原则适用于所有的考试。另外，有的考生一方面有话则多，一发而不可收，控制不了自己；一方面无话则隐，该说的话没有说出来。我们不妨把作文的要求量化到每一个段落：一篇200词左右的作文一般不会超过15句话，把这15句话根据题目要求分配到各段中去，每一段大概只说那么几句话，绝不多说。事实上往往是说得越多，错误越多。因此，跟着提纲走，每一段不要写得太多，点到为止，见好就收，这才是最稳妥的对策。
二、无话可说真难受
无话可说是滔滔不绝的对立面。有的考生题目看得懂，提纲也一目了然，就是不知道该说什么，在考场上头脑一片空白，想到的也只是空泛的东西，这是一种常见的现象。在这种情况下，即使是用中文也难以写好，更何况要用英文去表达。针对这一情况，办法就是要善于联想到一些具体的事实、具体的例证以及具体的现象。比如说，要谈论电视节目这一话题，可以联想到新闻联播，并由此想到它让人们开阔视野，了解世界。但有人觉得话题太熟悉了，反而一时说不出什么来。
其实，作文题一定是永恒的话题，在任何时候都可以讨论；或为当代话题，让所有的人都有话可说。题目是公平的，绝对不会让某一专业的考生有特别的优势。所以，考生一定能联想起具体细小的事情，再形成观点。把看得见摸得着的事物带来的思考变成作文里的实质内容，这不失为一种很好的策略。例如，计算机的利与弊这个话题似乎太大，但是可能想到的具体的现象是小孩、学生要在计算机前玩计算机游戏。由此带来的思考是，这些学生整天呆在那里对他们的mind是有害的，而且waste a lot of time。因此，当头脑出现空白时，应该由具体细小的、琐碎的、微不足道的事物所引发的思考形成观点，再进行论述。这种定式思维的形成需要多下功夫多练习。从无话可说到有话可说，下面的例子让人不无启发。在种种场合下，经常要欢迎领导讲几句话。领导往往首先开口说：同志们大家好，我利用这个机会讲三句话。讲第一句话时，脑子里不知道第二句话是什么，讲第二句话时，根本就没想第三句话要说什么。但他最终说了三句话，以“谢谢大家”结束讲话。领导讲话“1、2、3”成了一种定式，他总能找到有关内容讲几点，这种功夫是长期磨练的结果。写作文也一样，平时需要多多练习这种思维。
三、真情流露没必要
考试时，监考老师通常发现有的考生坐在那里根本就是在玩深沉，他在那里思考人生的伟大哲理；他在那里要想出一个观点，想出一个理由，想出一个措施，非要显得与众不同。陷入这种境地的考生，显然犯了一个根本性的错误。参考时间为40分钟的作文，一般应该在35分钟之内完成，再用几分钟的时间检查语言错误。可有的考生十几分钟一句话都写不了，就是因为他太进入角色了，他想向判卷的老师掏心掏肺。这是一个很大的误区。
四、英语表达憋得慌
如果说以上几点都明白了，剩下的最大障碍就是用英语表达意思很困难。对于这一点，首先要树立信心。实际上，大部分考生都受过正规的大学英语教育，即使是一些自学的考生，其英语水平也足以写好一篇作文。关键在于要把这种潜力挖掘出来。《朗文词典》（Longman Dictionary）的最大特点，就是用2000个核心词来解释几十万个词条，而且词条大都有几个义项。由此可见，并不一定要用多么复杂的英语来表达，也不一定非得添加一些高难度的单词以加深判卷老师的印象。事实上，简单的语言也能表达复杂的事物。著名的美国作家海明威的作品以其明白晓畅的语言吸引了千千万万的读者，就是一个明证。要求考生运用英语思维来写作文是不现实的。如果能用英语思维，也就谈不上会遇到多大的困难了。在实际写作过程当中，脑子里想的是中文句子，然后把一个一个的中文句子译成英文。在翻译的时候努力寻求一一对应的关系，希望找到与中文词对应的英文单词。结果句子结构和单词的选用受到中文的影响，自己感觉上也是“憋”得费劲，或者觉得表达出来了，意思差不多，而实际上给人的感觉依然还是中文。若是让老外来看这篇作文的话，也许根本就弄不清楚文章的内容，而判卷的中国老师在判卷时往往能想象出文章是怎样写出来的。
在这种情况下，出路在于把中文译成英文时，不要去追求一一对应的关系，而应该“得其意，忘其形”（get the meaning, forget the form），忘掉中文的语法结构，句法形式则可能要整个地打乱，“钻进去，跳出来”。所谓“钻进去”就是要看意思是否到位了，“跳出来”就是要忘记中文的语言形式。实际上把英文译成中文，也是一样的道理，关键是要在转换中把意思表达出来。如果写出来的句子整个结构都在对应，无异于用英语词说中国话，这显然是不合适的。
词汇掌握有限的考生，可以经常看一看朗文词典中词条的英文注解，这对于提高写作的表达能力会有巨大的帮助。整部词典成千上万的词义全部用2000左右常用词汇解释。随意翻开词典的任何一页，找出其中不认识的单词，然后看后面的英文注释。要找不认识的单词，因为在急于知道意思的情况下看注解，印象才深刻。要先学人家怎么表达，再学会自己表达。有的人简单地认为，只要记了单词和语法，就可以高兴怎么表达就怎么表达，这样的人永远学不好英语。
记住一个词跟学会使用这个词是两码事。BBC的一个材料上说，英国农民一辈子最常用的、基本上能够表达他所有情感世界和日常生活的词大概不到一千。农民也有喜怒哀乐，在这一点上，一个农民的情感世界跟一个伟大诗人的情感世界是没有什么区别的，而且用简单的语言把复杂的意思表达出来也可谓之伟大。对于一个一时找不着词的概念，„应该用一种迂回曲折的方式把意思表达清楚。或用一个短语，或用一个从句，或三言两语，如果没出什么语言错误的话，这也算是一种伟大！
针对英语表达“憋得慌”的情况，必须摒弃翻译中追求一一对应的关系并机械地把中文译成英文的方法，应该把中文句子结构彻底地忘记，然后用比较简单的“万能”英语表达。平常不妨做一做这样的练习，通过阅读不认识的词条的英文注解，然后试着把单词译成中文词，再去对照英汉词典的汉语释义，慢慢地就会开始领会用英语表达的门道了。之所以强调这样做，是因为朗文词典语言简明，例句来自活生生的现实生活，不同于传统的英语词典从文学作品里摘录例句的做法。正因为如此，其词汇量比较贴近我们的词汇基础，只要读得多，自然就会明白这样好，做得奥妙，进而受其影响。
五、处于被动危害大
尽管雅思作文为规定式命题，但考生仍可积极主动地写作文。其主动性在于采取回避的策略：表达上采取迂回的方式，即运用不很复杂的语言，内容的取舍上避重就轻地写比较易于表达的内容。很多人在写作过程中从头至尾都处于被动状态，当有内容想要表达清楚的时候，却又发现种种途径都不可能表达好，只好硬着头皮把自己意识到没把握的东西勉强写上去。毫无疑问，这种连自己都意识到可能是错误的东西，只会产生于己不利的负面作用。
所以，当有的内容感觉一点找不着、英语实在表达不清楚的时候，就应该彻底地放弃。开动脑筋多想几点内容、理由和措施，假设想到四条理由，但因为语言表达的问题，其中一条理由说不清楚，那么就应当机立断地把它放弃，写上另外三点理由就可以了（或许两点就够了）。由此可见，积极主动的态度会使自己在考试中有更大的灵活性。
单词拼写错误多也是雅思作文的一大问题。例如，opinion错拼为opium，结果in my opinion成了in my opium（在我的鸦片中）！常用单词是不能拼错的。有的单词平时会拼写，考试时突然没把握了，比如modern society，假如不知道modern与morden哪一个是对的，不妨换成society today或today's society，或许还能想起另外一个难度大一点、拼写有把握的contemporary来代替modern。应该回避明确知道自己不会拼写的词：如果没法换一个词，将句子改换一种说法亦未尝不可。有的考生在考卷上没把握的地方标上问号，或者两种可能都写上，让判卷老师判断后选择其中一个，这是不可取的，是有害的。
总之，不能让自己陷人被动，想说什么、用什么方式说，说多少、说到什么时候，说到什么程度，一切都应由考生主动把握，这样才会减少心理上的压力，更好地发挥出自己应有的写作水平。
三．关于英语中常用的比喻词组的总结
as bald as a coot
头发脱光的（像白骨顶鸡一样秃）
as blind as a bat
有眼无珠（像蝙蝠一样瞎）
as blind as an owl
瞎透了（像猫头鹰一样瞎）
as bold as brass
厚颜无耻（像黄铜一样厚脸皮的）
as busy as a bee
极忙碌（像蜜蜂一样忙碌）
as clear as a bell
极为清晰（像铃铛一样清晰）
as clear as day
一清二楚的（像白天一样清楚）
as cool as a cucumber
极为冷静的（像黄瓜一样冷静）
as easy as a pie
极容易（像馅饼一样容易）
as fussy as a hen with one chick
在小事上瞎操心（像带着小鸡的母鸡一样操心）
as hard as the nether millstone
铁石心肠（像下层的磨石一样坚硬）
as hungry as a hunter
非常饥饿（像捕猎者一样饥饿）
as lively as a cricket
极活泼（像蟋蟀一样活泼）
as mad as a wet hen
非常生气（像弄湿的母鸡一样生气）
as mild as a dove
非常温和（像鸽子一样温和）
as plain as the nose in your face
一清二楚（像你脸上的鼻子一样清楚）
as poor as a church mouse
赤贫的（像教堂的老鼠一样穷）
as proud as a peacock
极骄傲（骄傲得像只孔雀）
as strong as a horse
健壮如牛（像马一样强壮）
as stupid as an owl
极愚蠢（像猫头鹰一样愚蠢）
as thin as a wafer
极薄（像糯米纸一样薄）
as true as steel
绝对可靠（像钢一样可靠）
第三篇：中级口译讲义
中级口译讲义
口试“政治类”：
We established our friendly and cooperative relations on the understanding that we would develop our friendship on the basis of mutual respect and equality,and mutual benefit.//We believe that it is absolutely important that all nations ,big or small,strong or weak,should establish and maintain their relations on these principles.//We appreciate the interest and understanding that China has shown regarding the problems of small and developing countries.//We also appreciate China’s firm support in our economic development.//I look forward,in the next few days,to the opportunity of learning something from your experience on promoting economic and social development in the interest of your people.// 我们建立友好合作关系时是基于这样一种认识，即我们要在相互尊重和平等互利的基础上发展我们的友谊。//我们认为，所有国家，无论大小强弱，都应该在这些原则 的基础上建立和维持相互间的关系，这是至关重要的。//我们赞赏中国关注和理解小国和发展中国家所遇到的问题，我们赞赏中国对我们经济发展的有力支持。//我期待在今后的几天里有机会向你们请教，学习你们为造福贵国人民而促进经济和社会发展的经验。// 2.(26)Mr.President,I wish to thank you for your very gracious and eloquent remarks.At this very moment through the wonder of telecommunications,many people are hearing what we say today.//Yes,right now the whole world is watching us.Though what we say here ill soon be forgoten,what we do here will change the world.//We have a social and political system which differs in many respects from your own.It is the result of different experiences and a different tradition.//Given our distinct histories,geographies and cultures,it is inconceivable that we could seee eye to eye on all issues.However,we do agree on the fundamental need for world peace.// 主席先生，我要感谢您那热情洋溢、雄辩无比的演讲。此时此刻，许多人正在通过神奇的电讯设备倾听着我们的讲话。//是的，此时此刻整个世界都在关注着我们。虽然我们在此所作的演讲很快便会被人们遗忘，但是我们在此的作为却能改变世界。//我国的社会制度和政治制度在许多方面都与贵国的社会制度和政治制度不同。这源于我们不同的经历和不同的传统。//鉴于我们有着截然不同的历史、地理和文化，很难想象我们会对所有问题都有一致的看法。但是对世界和平的基本需求，我们的看法是一致的。// 3.(33)I have come to China for the beautiful future of our two countries.I am firmly convinced that ,together,we two peoples can and will make tomorrow a better day.//We may be distinctly different in language,customs,and political beliefs,but on many vital questions of our time there is little distance between the American and Chinese people.//China’s economy advances with the dynamics of change.Unlike some governments,which fear change and fear the future,China is beginning to scale new 总部地址：工农路111号华辰大厦A座604 邮编：226000 电话：8522-0400 网址：www.xiexiebang.com
heights.//On behalf of all the members of my delegation,I’d like to express our highest respect for your courage and welcome the opportunity to walk by your side.// 我来中国是为了我们两国美好的未来。我坚信我们两国人民能够，也一定会共同建设美好的未来。//我们可以有两种截然不同的语言、习俗和政治信仰，但在我们这个时代的许多至关重要的问题上，我们两国人民之间几乎没有距离。//中国经济突飞猛进，日新月异。与一切惧怕变革，惧怕未来的国家不同，中国开始迈向新的高度。//我谨代表本代表团成员向你们所表现出的勇气致敬，并欢迎有此机会与你们并肩前进。// “旅游类”：
1.Bristol is a truly beautiful,interesting and fascinating city.Beautiful parks and gardens leak onto interesting lanes and footpaths,while houses and buildings of old times stand magnificently on the hills of the city.//But Bristol is much more than this;it is a modern city where the latest works in contemporary arts can be found and where the night-life is interesting and varied.//Bristol is surrounded by beautiful countryside,rolling hills,and top class holiday resorts.Some of the country’s most fascinating tourist attractions-castles and palaces-are only a short drive away.//Bristol has always envouraged the tourist industry and welcomed tourist from all parts of the world.There is a superb choice of acommodation available and the city is proud of its many restaurants and cafes.// 布里斯托尔的确是一座非常美丽、有趣和迷人的城市。美丽的公园和花园里到处是趣味盎然的路径，旧时代的房屋和建筑昂然挺立在城市的山坡上。//然而，布里斯托尔并非仅仅如此；那还是座现代化的城市，有当代艺术的最新作品，也有有趣和丰富多样的夜生活。//布里斯托尔的四周有美丽的乡村，起伏不断的山地，以及一流的度假胜地。从这里出发到一些全国最迷人的旅游景点，如城堡和宫殿，只有短短的一段车程。//布里斯托尔一向重视旅游业，欢迎来自世界各地的游客。当地有一流的住宿可供选择，还有其引以为豪的众多餐馆和咖啡馆。// 2.上海既是一座历史文化名城，也是当今中国最为繁荣的经济中心之一，成为人们向往的观光胜地。//上海为旅游者在各方面提供了良好的基础设施。在上海旅游，不仅方便愉快，而且安全舒适。//上海要长久吸引旅游者，就应该切实做好各项旅游服务工作，让游客获得宾至如归的服务。//我们希望而且相信，上海会使每一位旅游者流连忘返，“乐不思蜀”，给每一位旅游者留下了美好的回忆。// Shanghai,a famous historical and cultural city,and one of the most prosperous economic centers in China,has become a famous scenic spot that people look forward to visiting.//Shanghai provides tourists with a good infrastructure in every aspect.Touring in Shanghai is not only convenient and pleasant,but also safe and comfortable.//To maintain a lasting charm for tourists,Shanghai should earnestly do a good job in all kinds of tourist services to make them feel at home.//We hope and believe that Shanghai will make every tourist stay a longer time and become too 总部地址：工农路111号华辰大厦A座604 邮编：226000 电话：8522-0400 网址：www.xiexiebang.com
delighted to be homesick.A nice memory of the city will linger in the heart of every tourist.// 3.阳朔是个小镇，人口不足三万。它极富盛名，每年有成千上万的游客趋之若骛，从世界各地涌来。//1998年美国前总统比尔.克林顿来到这里，面对美不胜收的景致，不忍匆匆离去，以致推迟其香港之行。//阳朔最吸引人的地方就是板石街，又名“西洋街”。该街总长一千米，有一千四百一十年历史。//街道两旁有数百家商店，主要出售外国人喜欢的仿古制品和纪念品。徜徉小街，游人会惊喜地发现在这里东西方文明是如此的水乳交融。// Yangshuo is a small country of less than 30,000 people.Nevertheless,it is so famous that it woos thousands of tourists worldwide all the year round.//In 1998,former US president Bill Clinton came here and delayed his trip to Hong Kong because he was reluctant to leave such a lovely place too soon.//The most tempting place in Yanghuo is the Slabstone Street,which has gained a new name as “The Western Street”.The street,with a total length of 1,000 meters,spans a history of 1,410 years.//On both sides of the street are a few hundred shops,selling mainly souvenirs and antiques to(cater for)the foreigners’ tastes.Strolling on the street,tourists will be amazed to find that Eastern and Western culture blend so well here.// 口试“教育类”：
1.Some universities,like Oxford and Cambridge in Britain,are residential,which means students live and study on campus.Other universities are non-residential,which means students have to spend a lot of time to travel daily to their lectures.//There are also part-time students who have to do their work during the day,and they study in the evening.Other part-time students have to study by correspondence.//”The Open Universities”can also help students to gain university degrees.Here,lectures are mainly given on radio or television.However,for a few weeks each year,students can attend vacation courses at universities.//For admission to any university degree course,a student has to pass qualifying examinations.In Britain,there are not enough places for asll secondary school students,so these qualifying examinations are highly competitive.// 英国有些大学，如牛津和剑桥提供学生住宿，这就是说学生在校园里学习和生活。其他一些学校则不提供住宿，也就是说学生每天要花不少时间到学校去听讲座。//还有一些利用业余时间学习的学生，他们白天必须工作，晚上学习。还有些业余学生则不得不通过函授学习。//“开放大学”也能帮助学生取得大学学位，大学主要通过广播或电视播出讲座。但是每年有几个星期，学生能在大学里参加假期班的学习。//要想攻读任何大学学位课程，学生必须通过入学资格考试。由于在英国没有足够的名额让所有中学生进入大学，因此，这些入学考试具有很强的竞争性。// 2.Last year a research was carried out on the skills of university students.The findings confirm the worry of employers about the lack of basic skills in some university graduates.//The research showed that less than 20% of all university students achieves 总部地址：工农路111号华辰大厦A座604 邮编：226000 电话：8522-0400 网址：www.xiexiebang.com
the levels expected of them in the three key skills,that is,communication,the application of number and information technology.//Some teachers and experts have argued that there are two other key skills which the university students might be expected to show.These skills are to improve their own learning and to work with others.//If we add in these skills,the research showed that only about a dozen university students among nearly two hundred who were tested scored top marks,which is,of course,a very disappointing and uncomfortable figure.// 去掉开展了一次对大学生技能的调查研究。调查结果证实了雇主们对某些大学生缺乏基本技能这一现象的担忧。//调查显示只有不到20%的大学生在三项基本技能方面达到了预期的标准。这三项技能包括交际、数学以及(处理)信息技术。//有些老师和专家认为大学生还应该具备另外两项基本技能，那就是如何提高自己的学习能力和同他人共事的能力。//如果我们加上这两项技能，调查研究显示在接受测试的近200名大学生中，只有12名左右取得了高分，这个数字理所当然是令人十分失望和不安的。// 3.大多数人认为，书本和课本基本上是一回事，其实这种想法是完全错误的。//书本并不仅仅是指课本。如果我们仅仅通过课本去学习，这就意味着我们把自己局限于生活中很狭小的一个方面。//大多数教育专家都强调“终身学习”的重要性，认为继续教育的一个重要途径就是阅读各种书籍和报纸杂志。//他们指出，学习永无止境，是个连续不断的过程。每一个人都可以，也完全可以做到：活到老学到老。// It is a view held by most people that books and textbooks mean almost the same thing,which ,actually,is all wrong.//Books are not just textbooks,and if we only read textbooks,it means that we are concentrating only on one small aspect of life.//Most education experts stress the importance of life-long learning,thinking that an important way of continuing one’s education is by reading books,magazines,and newspapers on every subject.//They point out that education never ends.It is a continuous process.All of us may,and are entirely able to ,accomplish this kind of life-long education.The day we stop learning is the day when we die.4.松江大学城作为本市最大的大学社区，于昨日正式启用，迎接来自上海外国语大学、上海外贸学院及立信会计学院三所高校的5500名新生。//该大学城占地306公顷，其中240公顷用于教室等各类教学设施，其他用于寝室食堂和商店。整座大学城的建成将耗资25亿人民币。//松江大学城的建立，旨在使大学生得到全面、健康的发展，即每个学生都得以在德、智、体、美各个方面 有所提高。//按计划，今年年底松江大学城将完成一批大型体育综合设施-包括运动场和体育馆。据市教育部门的官员说，这些设施能承担国际性的比赛。// Songjiang College Town,Shanghai’s first planned university community,officially opened yesterday,welcoming 5,500 freshmen from the three institutions of higher learning,that is,Shanghai International Studies University,Shanghai Institute of Foreign Trade and Lixin Accounting College.//The college town has an area of 306 hectares,of which 240 hectares will be developed for educational facilities such as the classrooms and rest for 总部地址：工农路111号华辰大厦A座604 邮编：226000 电话：8522-0400 网址：www.xiexiebang.com
dorms,cafeterias and stores.//The(setting-up of the)college town is to met the ducational objective that every student has an overall healthy development while studying in the town.That is,every student is given the best opportunity to grow morally,intellectually,physically and aesthetically.//Scheduled for completion at year’s end is a massive sports complex-with stadiums and gymnasium that can be used for international competitions,according to city education officials.// 口试“礼仪发言类”：
1.Your Honor Mr.Mayor,thank you very much for your extraordinary arrangements and hospitality.In the short period of the two week study tour,we have travelled much of your country.// Those were indeed exciting and unforgettable days.We have experienced the warm reception,the utmost courtesy and genuine friendship of the Chinese people.//
We have been deeply impressed by the diversity,dynamism,and progress of China under the policies of reform and opening up to the outside world.// We are glad that we are part of the dramatic process of your change from the planned economy to the market-oriented economy.The cooperative relations between our two countries have become so extensive that they have affected almost all areas of economy.//(2000,3)尊敬的市长先生，感谢您的精心安排与好客。在短暂的两周考察中，我们曾到过贵国的许多地方。// 那些日子确实别人激动，令人难忘。我们感觉到的总是中国人民的热情接待，彬彬有礼和诚挚友情。// 中国在改革开放政策引导下，气象万千，充满活力，不断进步，这些给我们留下了极为深刻的印象。// 贵国正处于一个由计划经济向市场经济转轨的过程，我们很高兴能参加与这个富有戏剧性的转轨过程。我们的合作关系领域广阔，几乎已涉及所有的经济领域。// 2.主席先生，女士们，先生们，我宣布英特网服务国际研讨会开幕，在此我向参加开幕式的各界来宾表示热烈的欢迎。// 英国和澳大利亚的有关公司与专家对本次研讨会的成功召开给予了很大的帮助，对此我谨致以诚挚的谢意。// 总部地址：工农路111号华辰大厦A座604 邮编：226000 电话：8522-0400 网址：www.xiexiebang.com
海外一些发达国家在推动英特网服务事业方面积累了不少经验，值得我们借鉴和学习，通过交流，我们可以得到更多的信息与体会。// 我相信，本次研讨会对于推动英特网在中国的广泛使用具有积极的作用和深远的意义。我预祝研讨会圆满成功。// Mr.Chairman,ladies and gentlemen,I declare open the International Symposium on Internet Service.I’d like to extend a warm welcome to our guests from various circles.// I wish to express our sincere thanks to the British and Australian companies and their specialists whose generous help has made possible the successful commencement of this symposium.// Some overseas developed countries have accumulated much experience in promoting Internet service.And their experience deserves our reference and study.Through exchange,we will be able to acquire more information and knowledge.// I believe the symposium will be constructive and significant in popularizing the use of Internet service in China.I wish the symposium a complete success.//
3.我谨代表我们一行的全体成员，感谢董事长先生的盛情邀请，参加你们的圣诞晚会。// 圣诞节确实是一年中的一段美好时光。圣诞团圆晚会是人类热情，团结，以及奉献的象征。// 今年庆祝圣诞节对我们所有人来说更有意义，因为今年我们的合资企业的销售有了显著增长。// 我希望我们能保持这种务实的合作关系，使明年的业绩更加辉煌。让我们共同举杯，为明年再创佳绩干杯。// On behalf of all the members of my group,I’d like to thank you,Mr.Chairman,for your gracious invitation for us to attend such an enjoyable Christmas party.// Christmas is really a wonderful time of a year.The christmas get-together party is symbolic of the warmth,union,and decication of mankind.// The celebration of Christmas this year is more meaningful to all of us,because our joint venture has had a remarkable sales growth this year.// 总部地址：工农路111号华辰大厦A座604 邮编：226000 电话：8522-0400 网址：www.xiexiebang.com
I hope we will be able to maintain this practical cooperative relationship and make the coming new year a more fruitful year.May I ask you to make a toast with me to a better business in the coming year.4.今晚，我们很高兴在北京大学两次接待我们的老朋友格林博士和夫人。//我代表学校的全体师生员工向格林博士和夫人以及其他新西兰贵宾表示热烈欢迎。//我相信格林博士这次对我校的访问，必将为进一步加强两校的友好合作关系作出重要的贡献。//明天，贵宾们将要赴南京和上海访问，我预祝大家一路旅途愉快。// It gives us great pleasure to play host tonight to our old friends,Dr.and Mrs.Green in Beijing University once again.//On behalf of the faculty ,students and staff of the university ,I wish to extend our warm welcome to Dr.and Mrs.Green and other distinguished New Zealand guests.//I am convinced that Dr.Green’s current visit to our university will surely make an important contribution to further strengthening the friendly relations and cooperation between our two countries.//Our distinguished guests will leave for Nanjing and Shanghai tomorrow.I wish you all a pleasant journey.// 要翻促进发展，一律promote development；要翻许多，通通many。诸如此类的词汇，被笔者称之为“滥词”，即被用到泛滥的词汇。
如果是追求反应速度和效率的口译部分，这样的译文当然没有问题。可是在时间充裕的笔译部分，这样的简单词汇无疑会令译文质量打上折扣。至少，无法让阅卷人眼前一亮，难获高分。
出于对以上问题的考虑，笔者总结了中高级口译考试汉英翻译题中出现频率最高的30个常用单词/词组的替换方案，以期帮助同学在短时间内积累一定的亮点词汇。
需要提醒同学们注意的有两点。一是各个亮点词汇绝不是被替换词的同义词，不可胡乱使用，其具体用法请自行查阅词典。如waste的替换词中，squander是动词，luxurious是形容词，用法完全不同。二是建议同学在此基础上继续自行积累，多多益善，方能在考场上厚积薄发。（1）give给，提供
offer，supply，provide，furnish，distribute，allocate（2）get得到
receive/accept，gain，acquire，obtain，attain，earn（3）many/much/a lot of/lots of许多 a large number of，a multitude of，plenty of an enormous amount/huge amounts of，a great/good deal of（4）poor贫穷的
poverty-stricken，destitute，impoverished（5）rich富有的
wealthy，well off，affluent，prosperous（6）certainly一定
inevitable，unavoidable，be doomed to，be bound to 总部地址：工农路111号华辰大厦A座604 邮编：226000 电话：8522-0400 网址：www.xiexiebang.com
（7）all所有，全部
universal，widespread，prevalent，whole，entire（8）enough足够
ample，sufficient，adequate（9）show显示，展现
indicate，demonstrate，illustrate，suggest，display，showcase（10）risk/danger危险
hazard，peril，jeopardize，endanger，menace（11）way方法，办法，手段
measure，method，means，approach（12）catch，attractive吸引，有吸引力的 obsess，immerse，fascinate，enchant charming，inviting，alluring，appealing（13）harm/damage破坏（的），有害（的）
destructive，devastating，detrimental，undermine（14）useful/helpful有用的
effective，practical，valuable，invaluable，conducive（15）great/wonderful伟大的
incredible，amazing，sublime，extraordinary，magnificent，glorious（16）try，effort努力
endeavor，strive to do sth/for sth（17）famous著名的
well-known，celebrated，noted，eminent，renowned（18）difficulty困难，困境
adversity，hardship，plight，predicament setback，hurdle，obstacle（19）focus on集中 center on，concentrate on（20）so所以
consequently，therefore，as a result（21）because因为
as a result of；attribute/ascribe A to B（22）press(ure)压力
place/put a(heavy)burden on；strain（23）about大约
approximately，roughly（24）cooperate合作
Collaborate，join hands in doing sth（25）waste浪费（的）Squander，fritter，luxurious（26）save/economical节约（的）Thrifty，conserve 总部地址：工农路111号华辰大厦A座604 邮编：226000 电话：8522-0400 网址：www.xiexiebang.com
（27）develop发展
Thrive，evolve，burgeon（28）promote促进
Boost，give a boost to，accelerate（29）delay，postpone暂缓，延期 shelve（30）deal with应对，处理
Cope w ith，grapple with，address，tackle 需要提醒同学们注意的有两点。一是各个亮点词汇绝不是被替换词的同义词，不可胡乱使用，其具体用法请自行查阅词典。如choose/choice的替换词中，opt是动词，alternative是名词，用法完全不同。
二是建议同学在此基础上继续自行积累，多多益善，方能在考场上厚积薄发。
31、Increase增加
Hike，soar；multiply
32、Reduce减少
Lower，Shrink，slash，trim
33、brave勇敢的，大胆的Audacious，bold
34、careful谨慎的，仔细的Cautious；meticulous；vigilant
35、interest兴趣
intrigue
36、sad悲伤，哀痛
lament for/over，mourn
37、happy，glad高兴，快乐
delighted
38、replace代替
Substitute，supplant
39、want想要
be eager/keen/anxious to do，long/yearn for sth/to do sth，desire for，aspire to do sth 40、ability能力，才能
Capacity，capability；flair，talent
41、ease减轻，减缓，减弱
Alleviate；relieve；wane
42、plan计划
strategy，program，scheme，work/figure out
43、understand理解
Fathom，grasp
44、people人民
citizen，general public，average/ordinary people
45、cause导致，引起
lead to；result in；lead to；give rise to；trigger；contribute to sth 总部地址：工农路111号华辰大厦A座604 邮编：226000 电话：8522-0400 网址：www.xiexiebang.com
arouse，inspire，spur
46、come from源自于
originate/stem/spring/derive from
47、choose/choice选择
Opt for/to do；alternative
48、fight against打击，斗争
Counter，Battle against；Crack down on；clamp down(hard)on
49、suffer from遭受
Endure，be plagued by，be subject to；be vulnerable to 50、face面对
Confront；be confronted with；brave
51、Different不同，差异
Distinct，separate；at odds with
52、same相同，相等，一致
Identical，equivalent，be consistent with，tally with
53、criticize批评
Lambast；slam sb for doing sth
54、strength加强，强化
Intensify；cement
55、change改变，变化，改动
Alter，vary；adjust
56、organization组织，单位
Outfit
57、prevent/stop阻止，禁止
forbid，prohibit，hinder，curb
58、begin/start开始，着手
embark on；launch，initiate
59、finish/complete完成
accomplish，fulfill，achieve，complete 60、completely/fully完全，十足，彻底
Entirely，thoroughly，utterly，outright
总部地址：工农路111号华辰大厦A座604 邮编：226000 10
电话：8522-0400
www.xiexiebang.com 网址：
第四篇：英语口译(二级)讲义
英语口译（二级）精讲班第1讲讲义
001 二级口译实务考试介绍
Lecture 1
1、二级口译实务考试介绍
英语口译二级考试分《口译综合能力》 和《口译实务》测试两部分，旨在检测应试者的口译实践能力是否达到专业译员水平。合格的应试者应能熟练运用口译技巧，完整准确地译出原话内容，无错译漏译。
英语口译实务（二级）考试含“英汉交替传译”和“汉英交替传译”。题量各占50%，含总量约1000单词的英语讲话两篇和总量约1000汉字的汉语讲话两篇，时间约60分钟。考试内容涉及政治、经济、文化、外交、旅游、信息科技、经融贸易、环境保护、卫生健康等，跟翻译专业所要求掌握的知识和技能相一致，要求应试者知识结构分布合理，专业技能达到一定的水平。
英语口译实务考试一律采取现场录音的方式，考试结果记录在磁带上。考试的评分标准非常细化，一个考生的磁带要有两个以上的人去听，并且听出来的结果基本一致，最后再由专家组根据考生录音核定成绩。
应该说英语口译实务（二级）考试具有一定的挑战性，要求应试者过语言关、知识关和技术关，同时还要有稳定的心理因素。按照翻译专业人员的四个等级来划分，即：助理翻译、翻译、副译审和译审，二级就是翻译级，也就是我们所说的中级职称。因此，二级口译试题的定位基本上是针对大学外语专业比较优秀的毕业生，经过几年的翻译实践应能达到的水平。二级口译考试模块的设计也是基于这一理念，即要求应试者具备比较全面的知识结构和良好的双语互译能力。具体说来，应试者应具备良好的语言知识（Linguistic Knowledge）、语言外的知识（Extra-Linguistic Knowledge）以及分析能力（Analysis）。同时应试者还应具备敏锐的听力、良好的短时记忆、行之有效的笔记、以及准确灵活的双语表达等口译所必须的基本能力。
2、口译学习讲解
技巧和语言基本功相结合。课程讲解同时关注这两点。
3、口译技巧介绍
口译技巧(Interpretation Techniques)根据口译步骤（信息接收—信息储存—信息处理—信息输出）为基础，总结出以下技巧：(1)听辨；
(2)思维理解1—逻辑分析；
(3)思维理解2—信息视觉；
(4)思维理解3 —将认知信息纳入理解轨道
(5)记忆机制1—瞬时记忆、短时记忆、长时记忆；
(6)记忆机制2－记忆训练方法；
(7)笔记方法1—记什么?(8)笔记方法2—怎么记?
(9)数字口译1—单纯数字口译
(10)数字口译2—数字与信息相结合(11)习语的口译；
(12)模糊信息处理技巧；
(13)口译中的文化差异；
(14)口译中的句法转换；
(15)语境因素处理技巧；
(16)临场应变技巧。
我们将把这些技巧穿插在我们的讲解之中，辅以必要练习。
4、口译课程结构介绍
每次课内容安排：50分钟
技巧讲解和练习20' 语言练习10' 篇章练习20' 002 听辨技巧
一、听辨技巧
“听辨”，顾名思义，不仅要“听”还要“辨”，即思考、分析。“听辨”是口译过程中的第一个阶段。在这个过程中我们接收到源语信息，并通过种种分析手段把接收到的信息纳入到我们的理解范畴，以便储存和输出。毫无疑问，口译的成败在很大程度上取决于听辨的过程。所以大家首先要对口译的听辨过程有一个透彻的认识，以便有针对性地进行练习，以提高自己的听辨能力。
口译中的听辨过程和大家平时在英语学习中所接受的听力训练是不同的，但二者又有一定的联系。
首先，具备良好的听力水平是培养好的听辨能力的基础。换句话说，如果一个人的外语听力有问题，那么无论他的语言表达能力有多强，他都很难胜任口译工作。然而光有好的听力还不够，因为听辨过程还涉及到其他方面的能力。这一点可以从听力训练与听辨过程的区别中看出来。
1．英语的听力训练中比较注重语言层面，也就是说他们会十分注意语音、语调和语言的表达及用法等。而译员在听辨过程中所注重的是意思，或是讲话者的意图而不是具体的词句表达。所以译员在听到一段话之后在头脑中形成的是一个有逻辑关系的语意整体，而不仅仅是词句的简单集合。
2．听力练习中主要启动听觉系统，理解只是一个被动而附带的过程。而译员在听辨过程中不仅要启动听觉系统，还要启动大脑中的分析理解机制和记忆机制。也就是说译员要边听、边分析、边理解、边记忆。所以，与一般的外语学习相比较而言，专业译员要具有更强的分析能力，要会“一心多用”。
3．在听的过程中，信息接收是被动和跟随性的，对信息的反映略显滞后。而译员的听辨过程是积极而主动的。在听的过程中伴有很大程度的预测和判断行为。常常需要调动非语言因素对所听内容进行分析、整理、补充和联想等。
4．用作听力训练的材料，信息比较清晰，杂音干扰较少。而译员在口译工作中所处的信息环境是现场性的，因此不确定性因素较多；信息干扰、信息缺失时有发生。而且，讲话者以交流为唯一目的，在信息发布过程中并不照顾或考虑译员的状态。
综上所述，口译的听辨过程较一般外语听力训练过程要复杂得多，对能力的要求也要高得多。大家需要建立这样一个意识，即口译的过程不是一个信息背诵加字词翻译的过程。而是一个通过听辨将信息接收、理解，再用译入语将理解了的信息加以表达的过程。以下提供一些训练方法供大家参考，以英语听辨能力的训练为主。
1．可以选择一些英文有声资料（最好是现场讲话）或是请练习搭档模拟现场发言。听过一段话后，在不记笔记的情况下用源语（英文）进行复述。注意在听的过程中要把注意力从词句表达上移开，而专注于整段话的逻辑意思。在复述时不要拘泥于原文的词句，更不要试图背原话。意思和逻辑关系要尽量复述的准确完整。
2．在听辨训练的初级阶段，如果还不能完全掌握边听、边分析、边记忆的技能，可采取就所听内容进行提问的方式建立逻辑关系。比如可以将注意力放在WHAT、WHO、WHEN AND WHERE、HOW AND WHY 等几个要素上。通过这种方式增强逻辑分析意识，努力跟上讲话人的思路，从而对所听语篇有一个正确的理解。
3．每段讲话的长度可随熟练程度的加强而逐步增加：比如从听几句话到听一小段，从一小段到一大段到数段等。并且可以尝试听各种不同风格的讲话。选题也可以从比较熟悉的领域逐步扩展到比较陌生的领域，以培养临场适应能力和分析综合的能力。
练习1：
要求，认真听原文，不要记笔记，根据WHAT、WHO、WHEN AND WHERE、HOW AND WHY 几大要素总结段落大意。
Tea drinking was common in China for nearly one thousand years before anyone in Europe had ever heard about tea.People in Britain were much slower in finding out what tea was like, mainly because tea was very expensive.It could not be bought in shops and even those people who could afford to have it sent from Holland did so only because it was a fashionable curiosity.Some of them were not sure how to use it.They thought it was a vegetable and tried cooking the leaves.Then they served them mixed with butter and salt.They soon discovered their mistake but many people used to spread the used tea leaves on bread and give them to their children as sandwiches.What's the general idea of this short passage? Compared with the Chinese, People in Europe, particularly in Britain were much slower in finding out what tea was like, and how to use it.They cooked tea leaves as vegetable and served them with butter and salt and even made them part of Children's sandwiches.练习2 Tea remained scarce and very expensive in England until the ships of the East India Company began to bring it direct from China early in the seventeenth century.During the next few years so much tea came into the country that the price fell and many people could afford to buy it.At the same time people on the Continent were becoming more and more fond of tea.Until then tea had been drunk without milk in it, but one day a famous French lady named Madame de Sevigne decided to see what tea tasted like when milk was added.She found it so pleasant that she would never again drink it without milk.Because she was such a great lady her friends thought they must copy everything she did, so they also drank their tea with milk in it.Slowly this habit spread until it reached England and today only very few Britons drink tea without milk.General idea：
Tea remained scarce and very expensive in England until the ships of the East India Company began to bring it direct from China early in the seventeenth century.?? On the continent, people used to drink tea without milk until a French lady invented the habit of drinking tea with milk.003 词汇积累
二、主题练习——会议致辞词汇
词汇积累
（致）欢迎/开幕/闭幕词(deliver/make)a welcome/opening/closing speech/address/lecture 开/闭/揭幕式 opening/closing/unveiling ceremony
举行烈士纪念碑的揭幕典礼 unveil a monument to the martyrs 为展览会揭幕 inaugurate an exhibition 奠基典礼 foundation laying ceremony 开学典礼 school’s opening ceremony
毕业典礼 graduation ceremony /commencement 开国大典 founding ceremony of a state 婚礼 wedding ceremony 庆典 celebration 答谢宴会 return banquet 晚宴 evening reception/dinner 招待会/宴会 reception 冷餐招待会 buffet reception 联欢/新年/篝火晚会 get-together/spring festival/campfire party 酒会 cocktail party 宣布…开幕 declare…open;declare the commencement of … 宣布…闭幕 declare the closing/conclusion of … 陛下 Your/His/Her Majesty 殿下 Your/His/Her(Royal/Imperial/Serene)Highness 阁下 Your/His/Her Honor/Excellency 贵宾们 distinguished guests 尊敬的主席先生respectable/honorable/respected Mr.President 至此… 之际 on the occasion of 代表… on behalf of …
我愿借此机会… I would like to take this opportunity to …/ I would like to avail myself of this great opportunity to …
我代表中国政府向各位来宾表示热烈欢迎，对会议的召开表示衷心祝贺!On behalf of the Chinese government, I would like to extend our sincere welcome to all the guests here and to express our warm congratulations on the convening of this session.最后，祝各位在北京生活愉快，并祝会议圆满成功!
Finally, I wish a full success of the conference and wish you all a pleasant stay here in Beijing.
第五篇：中级口译口试讲义(新东方)
中级口译口试讲义
主讲：朱巧莲
第一章
口译综述
一、口试部分简介
1、常见选题
①选择性、辩论性话题
②热点问题：西部大开发、北京申奥等 ③校园文化话题
④社会现象、成功、快乐、国家政策等
2、口语应试技巧
①多与英美国家人士交流、沟通 ②通过原版外片提高语感 ③背诵好的演讲稿
④阅读报纸，提高词汇量，充实知识量 ⑤平日进行作文练习
3、口语考试常见问题： ①因为紧张忘记事先准备的例子 ②表达不流利
4、口译考试介绍
二、口译实考体验 口译基本功
1、考生具备较高语言水平
2、丰富词汇量、流利的表达
3、准确的发音
4、较高的文化修养
5、很好的心理素质
6、很强的记忆力
7、较强的理解力、分析力、应变能力
中外合资是一种互补互惠的合作关系。外国在华投资可以最大限度地发挥各自的优势。
A Sino-foreign joint venture is a mutually complementary and beneficial partnership.Foreign investment in China can maximize the strengths of both parties concerned.我国幅员辽阔、资源丰富、劳动力低廉、消费市场潜力大。此外我们还有稳定的政治社会环境和优惠的投资政策。
Our country has massive land, abundant resources, cheap labor and a potential consumer market, in addition to the stable political and social environment and favorable investment policies.发达国家有雄厚的资金、先进的技术和管理知识。投资兴办合资企业时，外方可以提供资金、机械、技术和管理方法。
Developed countries have sufficient funds, advanced technology and managerial expertise.When establishing a joint venture, a foreign partner may bring into the cooperative business capital funds, machinery, advanced technology and management.中方可以提供土地、劳工和部分资金。应该说，这种投资方法对合作双方来说，具有丰厚的经济回报率。
The Chinese partner, on the other hand, may supply land, labor and a portion of the funds.Therefore, this type of investment is supposed to yield fat economic returns for both parties in the partnership.三、近年中口考试特点
1、课本内容仅占1/4，其余内容来自口译实例。
2、英译汉部分较难。
3、汉译英通常都可以听懂，但考生翻译时往往出现词汇量匮乏的问题。
4、注重平日口译技能的综合培养。
口译技能：听力理解 词汇量 记笔记 表达能力 《中级口译考试备考精要》上海新东方
考场描述：
My name is … My Registration number is 0509000123.My topic today is…
四、口译的概述和定义
What is interpretation? Interpretation is an extempore oral reproduction, in one language, of what is said in another language.The most widely-used forms of interpretation Interpretation may assume either of the following two forms: consecutive interpretation(CI)and simultaneous interpretation(SI).In SI, well-equipped booths are necessary.Interpretation Process
理解---------记忆----------再现（表达）理解是关键
Interpretation criterion
Faithful to the original message and smooth in the target language.准、顺、快
口译课的目标
1、To better students’ English;发音要改善，口语要流利，听力要提高，词汇要扩大
2、To introduce and practice interpretation skills(not tips);STM Note-taking Paraphrasing
3、To enlarge students’ scope of knowledge, including LK, ELK 课本的使用
《英语中级口译资格证书考试 中级口译教程 第二版》 梅德明 《英语高级口译全真试题集》 新东方 《中级口译备考精要》
新东方
（注：教师讲解过程中涉及到的文章已经全部收录在网络课堂的电子讲义中）
An Intermediate Course of Interpretation by Prof.Mei Deming as mainline textbook;We won’t deal with each text, though.We will be looking at the important stuff in the book: sentence structures and vocabulary.第二章 礼仪性口译
《英语中级口译资格证书考试 中级口译教程 第二版》 梅德明
注：教师讲课过程中涉及到的全部课本内容，已经完整收录在我们的电子讲义中。
一、vocabulary work词汇预热一 world-renowned 世界闻名 diversity 多样化 dynamism 充满活力 a special regard 特殊的敬意 nostalgic 怀旧的、思乡的 memorable 值得回忆的 utmost courtesy 非常的礼貌 extensive 广泛的
overshadow 使„„黯然失色 non-governmental sector 民间组织 foundations 基金会 mutual benefit 互惠互利 good faith 良好的诚意
strategic relationship
战略关系 flourish
兴旺繁荣
mutual 的搭配
mutual 可以和这些词搭配
mutual respect/benefit/understanding mutual trust/confidence/courtesy(礼尚往来)
mutual equality/complementarity our mutual friend 我们共同的朋友 mutual aid 互助
mutual promise 相互的约定 by mutual consent 双方同意 mutual affection 相爱
二、Expressing Thanks
Permit me first to thank you, our Chinese hosts, for your extraordinary arrangements and hospitality.My wife and I, as well as our entire party, are deeply grateful.首先，请允许我感谢中国东道主的精心安排与好客，我夫人与我，以及代表团的全体人员，都深为感激。
Thank you very much for your kind words of welcome.This is a happy and memorable occasion for me personally as well as for the members of my delegation.我非常感谢阁下的友好欢迎辞，对我本人以及代表团所有成员来说，这是愉快而难忘的一天。
In closing, may I say again how delighted and privileged we are to be in your country.We are deeply grateful for what you have done for us since our arrival in your country.在我结束讲话之前，我想再说一遍，我们来贵国作客是多么的愉快和荣幸。对于我们抵达贵国后你们为我们所做的一切，我们深表感谢。
On behalf of all my colleagues present here, I wish to thank you for the incomparable hospitality for which the Chinese people are justly famous throughout the world.I particularly want to pay tribute, not only to those who prepared the magnificent dinner, but also to those who have provided the splendid music.我谨代表在座的所有的同事，对你们那独有的、著称于世的款待表示感谢。我不仅要感谢特别感谢为我们准备晚宴的人们，而且还要特别感谢演奏优美音乐的人们。
表示感谢的常用形式 On behalf of…
For myself and for our entire delegation, On behalf of all the members of my delegation and in my own name, For our Group and myself, 主体结构：I' d like to express / extend my heartfelt thanks to you /warm gratitude hearty gratefulness /sincere thanks to you and through you to Mr.Smith
for your kind invitation(to visit China / to this fair.)/kind hospitality /warm welcome /for giving this grand banquet./for inviting us to such a marvelous dinner tonight.1.I' d like to take advantage of this opportunity to express my earnest gratitude for your help.我愿借此机会向你们的帮助表示衷心的感谢。
2.I should like to express my heartfelt gratitude for your gracious reception and hospitality.我愿向你们盛情的接待与款待表示衷心的感谢。
3.Please accept our sincere thanks for your kind invitation.请接受我们对你友好邀请的真诚感谢。
4.Thank you very much for giving me such an excellent opportunity to visit this beautiful city and work with you.非常感谢你们给我这个极好的机会让我来访问这个美丽的城市并和你们共事。
5.I am very happy to have this second chance of joyful gathering with you.我非常高兴和你们再次相聚。
6.I would like to thank Sir Broers, Vice-Chancellor, for the invitation, which brings me to the famous Cambridge University.非常感谢布鲁尔斯校长的邀请，使我来到久负盛名的剑桥大学。
三、which从句
This is basically a correct observation, which says something about the American way of life.这种看法基本上是正确的，它反映了美国人的生活方式。
Greyhound is the largest long distance coach company, which offers the monthly pass.“灰狗”汽车公司是美国最大的长途汽车公司，有月票出售。
Those were happy days.They were good days, important days.We were part of the dramatic process which brought us back together and set us on the road to a genuine friendly and cooperative relationship.我们参与了那富有戏剧性的转变过程，它使我们重新走到一起，使我们踏上了通往建立一种真诚友好与合作关系的道路。
My visit is a symbol of the good faith with which we seek to build up the strength of our friendship, our cultural and commercial ties and our important strategic relationship.我的访问是良好诚意的象征，我们怀着这种良好诚意，希望能在友谊的基础上建立文化和商业关系，建立重要的战略关系。
On behalf of all my colleagues present here, I wish to thank you for the incomparable hospitality for which the Chinese people are justly famous throughout the world.我谨代表我在座的所有同事，对你们那独有的、著称于世的款待表示感谢。
So, let us start a long march together on different roads leading to the same goal, the goal of building a world structure of peace and justice in which all may stand together with equal dignity and in which each nation, large or small, has a right to determine its own form of government, its own course of development, free of outside interference or domination.所以，让我们沿着通往共同目标的不同的道路，一起开始新的长征。这个目标就是建立一个和平与正义的世界，在这个世界里所有人都可以站在一起享有同等的尊严，所有国家无论其大小，都有权决定自己的政府形式，选择自己的发展道路，而不受外来干涉或统治。
In that spirit, I ask all of you present to join me in raising your glasses to the friendship and cooperation of our two peoples which can lead to friendship and peace for all peoples in the world.本着这种精神，我敬请各位与我一起举杯，为我们两国人民之间的友谊与合作干杯，这种友谊与合作能够带给全世界人民友谊与和平。
四、口译实考题分析
I wish to take this opportunity to thank you on behalf of all my colleagues for your warm reception and hospitality.// 我愿借此机会，谨代表我所有的同事们，对你们热情的迎接和款待表示感谢。
The past five days in China have been truly pleasant and enjoyable and most memorable.在中国度过的这五天，令人愉快，难以忘怀。I particularly want to pay tribute to our Chinese partners for their sincere cooperation and support in concluding these agreements.我特别要称颂我们的中国合作者，他们的真诚合作与支持使这项协议得以签署。
May I ask all of you present here to join me in raising your glasses, to the lasting friendship and cooperation between our two companies.我敬请各位与我一起举杯，为我们两家公司的永久友谊和合作而干杯。
五、vocabulary work词汇预热二
Your Excellency 阁下
cradle of civilization 文明的摇篮 renew old friendship 重温旧情 establish new contacts 结交新友
a constant source of encouragement 不断的鼓舞 in the pursuit of 追求
a common aspiration 共同的愿望 endeavor＝try in the service of 造福于
in closing 最后 privileged 荣幸的
propose a toast 提议„„干杯 cheers 干杯 称呼
Ladies and gentlemen
Your Excellency, My Chinese friends Respected Mr.chairman, ladies and gentlemen Mr.president
“ Your Excellency, Mr.Minister,” Less formally, one may address government officials as: “Mr.8 Director,” “Mr.Minister, ” “Mr.President, ” related other expressions: Your/His/Her majesty
Your/His/Her Highness/ Excellency/Royal Highness Your/His/Her Honor/ Excellency /Madam Mr.Smith, Ladies and Gentlemen, Mr.and Mrs.Smith(“Dr.and Mrs.Green” if applicable)
六、招待口译常用句型、搭配
1、称呼常用搭配 gracious invitation on the basis of mutual respect and equality, and mutual benefit;warm welcome generous/incomparable hospitality extraordinary arrangement(精心安排)peace, stability and prosperity
2、英语的名词转换成汉语的动词
We, therefore, welcome the interest and understanding that China has shown regarding the problems of and positions taken by small and developing countries.China’s support is a constant source of encouragement to us in the pursuit of the goals of developing and maintaining the independence of our country.我们因而欢迎中国关注和理解小国和发展中国家所遇到的问题以及所持的立场。中国的支持始终鼓励着我们追求发展与保持我国独立的立场。
I look forward, in the next few days, to the opportunity of learning something from your endeavour and experience in promoting economic and social development in the service of your people.我期待着在今后的几天里有机会向你们学习，从你们为造福人们而促进经济和社会发展的奋斗和经验中学到一些东西。
I’d like to take this opportunity to extend to Your Excellency an invitation to visit my country, so that we will have an opportunity to return the warm welcome and generous hospitality you extended to us.我愿意借此机会邀请阁下访问我国，以便我们能有机会回报你们给予我们的热情欢迎和盛情款待。
3、祝酒
May I propose a toast To the health of Your Excellency, To the health of all the Chinese friends, Cheers!现在由我祝酒 为阁下的身体健康，为所有中国朋友的身体健康，干杯！
May I ask you to join me in a toast to the friendship and cooperation between our two cities.Now I would like to invite you to join me in a toast to the friendship and cooperation between our two cities.Ladies and Gentlemen, allow me to propose a toast.With the wine of the host, I request you all to raise your glasses and drink to the health of Smith!
4、实战练习
Thank you very much for your gracious speech of welcome.China is one of the earliest cradles of civilization and a visit to this ancient civilization has long been my dream.我非常感谢您热情友好的欢迎词。中国是最古老的文明摇篮之一，访问这个文明古国是我多年梦寐以求的愿望。
This visit will give me an excellent opportunity to meet old friends and establish new contacts.这次访问给与我一次极好的机会拜访老朋友，结交新朋友。I wish to say again that I am so delighted and privileged to visit your great country and this lovely town.我为自己能访问伟大的贵国和这座美丽的城市，再次表达我的愉快之情和荣幸之感。
I am deeply grateful for everything you have done for me since my arrival in China.我对您为我到达贵国后所作的一切安排深表谢意。
第三章 中国传统文化
一、“传统节日”单词预热 vocabulary work 烹调 cooking cuisine 鱼肉满架 well stocked with fish and meat 象征意义 symbolic significance 农历 lunar calendar 阳历 solar calendar 端午节 Dragon Boat Festival 元宵节 Lantern Festival 清明节 Pure Brightness Day 重阳节 Double Ninth Day 放逐 be exiled 忠臣 loyal minister 糯米粽子 glutinous rice dumplings wrapped in bamboo leaves 祭祀亡灵 in memory of sb.龙舟比赛 dragon boat races 中秋节 Mid Autumn Festival 满月 full moon 月饼 moon cake 蜜饯 preserved fruits 豆沙 bean paste 11 蛋黄 egg yolk 海鲜 seafood 家禽 poultry 饺子 dumplings 八宝饭 eight treasure rice 米羹 rice balls 油条 fried sticks 麻花 fried twisted stick 炒面 Chaomian 叉烧包 steamed bun with roast pork 粥 porridge 芋头 taro 葱油饼 pan-fried cake with sesame seeds and green onion 有关春节的常用词 放鞭炮 let off firecrackers 耍龙灯 play the dragon lantern 耍狮子 play the lion dance 拜年 pay a new-year call
二、有关“介绍”的翻译
我很高兴向各位介绍中国的主要传统节日。
I am very happy to have the opportunity to talk to you about major traditional Chinese holidays.
表示“介绍情况”时，我们可以这样翻译： 1.to share with you brief information 在此，我愿意向朋友们介绍这些方面的情况。
I'd like to share with you brief information in this respect.2.to brief you on 借此机会，我愿意向各位朋友介绍中国加入世贸组织和参与经济全球化的有关情况。
I would like to avail myself of this opportunity to brief you on China's accession to WTO and participation in economic globalization.3.to give a brief account of 我简单介绍我厂的情况。
Let me, first of all, give you a brief account of this factory.在来宾们参观我校之前，请允许我简要介绍一下我校的概况。
Before you start to look around, I would like to give you a brief account of our school.4.to tell us how/what 请主席先生介绍一下中国农村扶贫运动的情况。
Will Mr.Chairman tell us how the anti-poverty drive is going on in China? 5.to show you 我想向您介绍一下我们初步拟定的活动日程。I would like to show you our tentative itinerary.6.to provide sb.with some information 借此机会，向各位介绍上海经济发展和开展国际经贸交往的一些情况。I’d like to take this opportunity to provide you with some information about Shanghai’s economic development and its foreign trade.7.share a piece of my mind
三、实考题分析
中国的传统节庆膳食除了在数量和质量上与平时有所不同之外，一些历史悠久、具有象征意义的食物也是节日必不可缺的伴侣。
Traditional holiday meals are different from everyday meals in terms of quantity and quality.In addition, some foods with a long history and symbolic significance are indispensable on these occasions.例如，我国的端午节是纪念古代诗人屈原的日子。那一天，人们通常要赛龙舟、吃粽子。
For example, on the Dragon Boat Festival, a day set aside in memory of the ancient poet Qu Yuan, people will hold dragon boat races and eat zongzi, a kind of glutinous rice dumplings wrapped in bamboo leaves.13 中秋节是观赏满月的日子。圆圆的月亮象征着圆满，象征着家庭团聚。因此，中秋节的特制食品是一种圆形的月饼。
The Mid-autumn Festival is an occasion for viewing the full moon.The round moon is a symbol for completeness, and family reunion.The special food of the day is the yuebing, a round moon cake.春节是中国的农历新年，除了常见的海鲜、家禽和肉类之外，人们还要按各自的地方习俗烹制传统菜肴，如饺子和年糕。
The Spring Festival is the Chinese lunar New Year’s holiday.In addition to the popular seafood, poultry and meat, people will prepare traditional food, for example, jiaozi, or boiled dumplings, and niangao, or the year cake according to their regional custom.四、“武术”单词预热 vocabulary work 武术
martial art 武术宫 martial art palace 健身 bodybuilding 减肥 lose weight 填写登记表 fill in a form 会员卡 membership card 古代格斗术 form of combat习武 practice martial art 中国武术协会 Chinese Martial Arts Association 扣人心弦的表演 thrilling performance 杂技 acrobatics 顶尖/身怀绝技/无懈可击的 top/first-rate/ 武林高手 professional martial artist warrior, sumono, knight, errant, martial artist, swordsman
单句翻译练习：
武术又称功夫，在中国已经有1000年历史了。
Wushu, known as Kongfu or martial arts, has a history of a thousand years in China.中国的劳动人民练习武术以强身健体和自我保护，武术至今仍大受欢迎。
The working people in China practice Wushu for physical training and self-defense and Wushu is still immensely popular today.中国武术还引起了外国人的兴趣，在全世界不少国家，都有人学习武术。
Chinese Wushu has also aroused interest among foreigners and is taught in many countries throughout the world.练习武术有各种各样的固定套路，有的要赤手空拳，有的要拿武器。
Wushu is practiced in various types of set exercises, either bare-handed or with weapons.武术是中国特有的民族运动，它可以锻炼身体，培养意志力，训练打斗技巧。
A unique Chinese national sport, Wushu builds strong bodies, steels the willpower and gives training in fighting skills.五、实考题分析
欢迎光临上海武术中心。在这里您可以健身、减肥、结交朋友，以及了解中国文化。
Welcome to Shanghai Martial Arts Center.Here you can do exercise to build up your body, reduce your weight, make new friends, as well as learn about Chinese culture.我们的武术协会还为各位来宾准备了精彩的节目。除了武术表演，您还可以观赏京剧节目和杂技表演。
In addition, our Martial Art Association has prepared some fabulous programes for our visitors.You can watch martial art performances, Peking Opera and acrobatic shows.倘若您想亲身体验一下中国武术，我们可以派一流的教师进行团体或个别指导。If you want to get some personal experience with Chinese martial arts, we have first class teachers for individual or group training.我们的武术专卖店出售有关中华武术的图书资料、录像带和激光视盘。满足您的需要是本中心的服务宗旨。
Our martial art store sells books, video tapes and VCDs on Chinese martial arts.To meet your need is the purpose of our service.六、传统文化词汇补充
气功
controlled breathing exercise 春联
spring couplet 剪纸
paper-cut 戏剧脸谱
theatrical mask 国画
traditional Chinese painting 中药
TCM 单口相声
monologue comic talk 对口相声
witty dialogue;comic cross talk 马戏
circus performance 传说
legend 神话
mythology 寓言
fable 二十四节气
the twenty-four solar terms 四大发明：
火药
gunpowder 印刷术
movable type printing 造纸术
paper making 指南针
compass
四书：
大学
The Great Learning 中庸
The Doctrine of the Mean 论语
The Analects of Confucius 孟子
the Mencius 孙子兵法
The art of War 三国演义
Three Kingdoms 西游记
Journey to the West
Monkey King 红楼梦
Dream of the Red Mansions
Story of the Stone 水浒传 Outlaws of the Marsh
All men are brothers 诗经
The Book of Songs 书经
The Books of History 易经
I Ching The Book of Changes 礼记
The Book of Rites 孝经
Book of Filial Piety 三字经
three word chant 八股文
stereotyped writing 重要文化遗产
major cultural heritage
第四章
实考题分析
一、口语题目范文分析
Good Health As a popular saying goes: “Health is better than wealth.” Good health enables one to enjoy his life and achieve what he hopes for in his career.On the other hand, poor health tends to deprive one of his interest in everything around him.Therefore, health is indispensable to one’s happy life.There are many ways, I think, which can help to build up one’s health.In the first place, those who always work from morning till night should find time to relax because too much stress can lead to poor performance and ill health.Secondly, if one wants to keep healthy, he must give up the habits that damage his health.Finally, regular exercises are essential for a healthy mind and body.To the best of my knowledge, there is nothing more healthful than a brisk walk in the morning.Personally, I like running in the morning.And I have benefited a lot of from it.My health condition is getting better and better.So I will persist in doing so in the future.这篇口语表述中运用到的技巧：
1、引用谚语
2、使用常用短语和句型
3、作比较
4、使用关联词
5、用明确的词表明自己的观点
6、用自己举例子
7、常用的序数词
小贴士：口语阐述时最好能加上自己的亲身经历
二、口译实考练习
三、口译实考分析 英译汉 Passage 1: In terms of its impact on our society, I think AIDS will certainly be the number one serious public-health hazard going into the next century.//
从对我们社会所造成的影响这个角度来看，我认为艾滋病必定是我们进入下一世纪的头号健康大敌。
AIDS ：Acquired Immure Deficiency Syndrome
Among all the ways and means, a massive educational campaign is the only thing conceivable at the moment that can really help.// 在所有措施中，开展大规模的教育活动是目前唯一行之有效的办法。
Some people argue that a nationwide, or worldwide, educational campaign on AIDS awareness is difficult, expensive and therefore impossible.I think their argument is groundless.// 有些人认为，在全国范围或全世界范围开展提防艾滋病的教育活动难度大，代价高，因而无法实施。我认为这种观点是毫无根据的。
We'll have to convince people that they're better of knowing than not knowing the fact, because they can take actions, treat the problem and control AIDS infection with appropriate drugs.我们应该使人们相信，了解实际情况总比蒙在鼓里好，因为了解实情后我们便可以行动起来，共同研讨这一问题，并可以用适当的药物来控制疾病的传染。参考书录《中高级口译口试备考精要》
Passage 2: People from different cultures sometimes do things that make each other uncomfortable, without meaning to or sometimes without even realizing it.// 不同文化背景的人在一起有时会做出一些令对方感到不舒服的事，他们并非故意要这样做，有时甚至连自己也未察觉。
Most Americans are usually spontaneous, friendly and open, and enjoy meeting new people, having guests and ringing people together formally or informally.// 大多数美国人通常天真、率直，友好坦率，喜欢结识人，欢迎客人来访，愿意召集正式的或非正式的聚会。
They tend to be informal and speak freely.So if your American hosts do something that makes you uncomfortable, try to let them know how you feel.They will appreciate your honesty and try not to make you uncomfortable again.//
美国人往往不拘礼节，说话毫无拘束。所以要是你的美国主人做出了使你感到不舒服的事，你应该设法让他们知道你的感受。他们会喜欢你的诚实态度，尽量不再做你不喜欢的事。
Sometimes Americans are said to be superficially friendly.Perhaps it seems so.Just like anywhere else, it takes time to become real friends with people in the United States.有时美国人的友善会被视为一种表面现象。或许看上去确实是这么一回事。同其他地方一样，与美国人结成真正的朋友是需要一段时间的。
补充：文化差异方面的口译练习
Much business in the United States is conducted on the telephone.The average businessman spends much of his time on the telephone making business contacts.在美国许多生意都是通过电话谈的。一般的生意人都花很多时间打电话，接洽生意。
However, it usually will not be convenient to make initial contracts between Chinese and U.S.businesses by telephone.但是，中国公司和美国公司通过电话商讨初步协议通常很不方便。
There is no particular style to American negotiations.The way the negotiations are conducted will vary from one business to another and will depend upon the individuals involved.与美国人谈判并无特别的样式。谈判的方式视业务不同而不同，取决于参与谈判的人员。
Although Americans have a reputation for making quick decisions, this is not always true when a corporation is involved in a major venture or a large project.Therefore, you should also be prepared for lengthy negotiations.虽然美国人享有决策果断的声誉，但是，在公司着手进行主要或重大项目时，决策并非总是果断的。因此，你也要做好准备进行冗长的谈判。
四、口译实考分析 汉译英
Passage 1: 中餐桌上最神奇、最有特色的用餐工具莫过于筷子。几千年来我们中国人一直视筷子为一种最简单同时也是最有效的用餐工具。
No eating tools on the Chinese dinner table are more magical and distinctive than the chopsticks.For thousands of years we Chinese have always regarded chopsticks the simplest possible and the most efficient tool for meals.关于筷子的用料，其种类各有不同，选材包括竹子、木材、玉石、象牙、塑料、金银等。Chopsticks can be made of a variety of materials, including bamboo, wood, jade, ivory, plastic, gold and silver and so on.对于西方人来说，掌握用筷的方法和技巧在开始时也许难度很大，但是只要有耐心，用心去练，不久便可以熟练地使用筷子享用中餐。
For Westerners, the mastery of the method and skills for using chopsticks may be quite challenging at the beginning.But as long as you have patience and concentrate on practice, you will soon be able to use chopsticks skillfully enough to enjoy a Chinese meal.如果想享用一顿真正意义上的中餐，那么花时间耐心学习用筷技艺不仅很有必要，而且也很有趣。
If you want to enjoy a Chinese meal in the real sense, it is not only necessary, but also very interesting, to spend some patient time learning to acquire the skills of using chopsticks.Passage 2：
中国是一个多民族国家，具有经济发展不平衡的特点。在这块辽阔的土地上，人们使用多种语言和方言。
China is a multi-national country featuring unbalanced economic development, In the vast territory, different languages ad various dialects are used.//
几十年来，政府一直号召推广普通话，作为标准汉语，但在相当多的人口中，普通话还未能成为日常使用的交流工具。
Even though the government has called for popularization of Mandarin as the standard Chinese language for decades, it has not become the daily-use communication tool among a considerable number of the people.//
这显然阻碍了经济发展与社会进步。毫无疑问，推广和提倡使用普通话对加快中国改革开放的步伐是举足轻重的。
This obviously hinders economic development and social progress.Undoubtedly the popularization and promotion of Mandarin is vital to speeding up China's reform and opening up drive.//
这样做，将有助于提高汉语信息管理技术，因此，符合全体中国人民的根本利益。It will help improve the technology of information management in Chinese.Therefore, it is the basic interests of all Chinese.20
补充有关餐桌礼仪的句子翻译
中国人吃饭用筷子，西方人则用餐刀、餐叉。有些人会用筷子，但大多数人则不行，所以在西方客人摆餐具时，筷子旁边再摆上刀叉是很明智的做法。
Chinese eat with chopsticks while most of the westerners eat with knives and forks.Some westerners may be quite good at using chopsticks, but most of them are not, therefore when setting a table at which westerners are entertained, it is always advisable to place knives and forks along side the chopsticks.中国的宴席，把菜肴摆在餐桌中央。西方人则不习惯把手伸得老长，满桌子挥舞。然而，中国人的习惯就是各人从餐桌中央菜盘子里夹菜。所以，宴请外国客人时，这一点应该向他们讲明白。
At Chinese dinner parties, the dishes are usually placed in the middle of the table.Westerners are not used to reaching for something over the table.But in China, it is usual to help oneself to the food placed at the center of the table.So when we entertain foreign guests, we should explain such table manners to them.中国人请客，主人总是不断往客人的盘子里夹菜。这使外国客人觉得非常尴尬。即便是不喜欢的菜品，他也得吃下去，因为在西方，把食物剩在盘子里是极不礼貌的行为。At a Chinese dinner, the host always puts more food on to the guest's plate.That often makes a foreign guest feel very awkward.He has to eat the food even if he doesn't feel like it, because it is considered bad manners in the west to leave one's food on the plate.与此相反，一个中国人出席，比方说，一个美国人举行的宴会，他常常辞谢递给他的食物或饮料。虽然他其实还饿着或渴着。这在中国可能是礼貌之举。
On the contrary, a Chinese sits at, say, an American’s dinner party, he very often refuses the offer of food or drinks though in fact he is still hungry or thirsty.This might be good manners in China, but it is definitely not in the West.五、中国国情的翻译内容补充
经过半个多世纪的艰苦努力，特别是二十多年的改革开放，中国已迈入全面建设小康社会的发展新阶段。
After over half a century of strenuous efforts, more than two decades of reform and opening-up in particular, China has now entered a new stage of development aimed at building a moderately prosperous society in an all-round way.但中国仍然是一个发展中国家，人口多、底子薄是中国的基本国情。中国实现自身发展的道路依然艰苦而漫长。
However, China is still a developing country, large population and inadequate economic development remain its basic national conditions.It has a long way to go before achieving its development goals.21 中华人民共和国是全国人民共同缔造的统一的多民族国家。迄今为止，中国有56个民族。
The People’s Republic of China is a united multi-national state founded jointly by the people of all nationalities.So far, there are 56 nationalities.与汉族相比，其他55个民族人口相对较少，因此他们在习惯上被称为“少数民族”。
Compared with the Han nationality, China’s other 55 ethnic groups have a relatively small population, thus they are customarily referred to as ethnic minorities.1990年中国进行了第四次人口普查，据统计，在全国总人口中，汉族人口约占92%，少数民族人口占8%。
According to the fourth national census conducted in 1990, the Han nationality accounts for 92 percent of the country’s total population, and minority ethnic groups account for 8 percent.在长期的历史发展过程中，中华民族这个大家庭中的各族人民经过融合和迁移，形成了今天的分布格局。
During China’s long history of development, the people of various nationalities in China migrated and mingled, which eventually brought about today’s distribution.六、口译考试备考方式
1、充分利用口译教程
2、复习过程中注意句式的把握，特别注意课本中术语、套词、句式的记忆
3、眼睛、嘴巴、手三者兼顾
4、多看口译的案例
点击咨询 