口译材料

第一篇：口译材料

英国内阁的首脑为首相（Prime Minister），其他组成人员有： First Lord of the Treasury 第一财政大臣（首相兼任）Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs 外交大臣 Lord President of the Council 枢密院大臣 Lord Chancellor 大法官

Secretary of State for the Home Department and Minister for Welsh Affairs 内政和威尔士事务大臣

Chancellor of the Exchequer 财政大臣

Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster 兰开斯特公爵郡大臣

Lord Privy Seal and Leader of the House of Commons 掌皇大臣兼下院领袖 Minister of Defence 国防大臣

Secretary of state for Commonwealth Relations 联邦关系事务大臣 Secretary of State for the Colonies 殖民地事务大臣 Secretary of State for Scotland 苏格兰事务大臣 Minister of Labour and National Service 劳工大臣

Minister for Housing and Local Government 住房及地方政府事物大臣 Minister of Town and Country Planning 都市及乡村计划大臣 Minister of Health 卫生大臣 Minister of Education 教育大臣

President of the Board of Trade 贸易大臣

Minister of Agriculture and Fisheries 农业和渔业大臣

Minister of Pensions and National Insurance 年金及国民保险大臣

此外还有非内阁阁员的政府部门首长： First Lord Of the Admiralty 海军大臣 secretary of State for War 陆军大臣 Secretary of State for Air 空军大臣 Minister of Fuel and Power 燃料电力大臣 Minister of Transport 运输大臣 Minister of Supply 供应大臣

Minister of Economic Affairs 经济事务大臣 Minister of Food 粮食大臣

Minister of Civil Aviation 民航大臣 Minister of Works 工程大臣 Paymaster General 主计大臣 Labor secretary 劳工部长 Postmaster General 邮政大臣 Attorney-General 检查总长 Sollcitor-General 副检查总长 Lord Advocate 苏格兰检察总长

美国总统以下设十个行政主管，分掌国政，形成一个内阁： Secretary of State 国务卿

Secretary of the Treasury 财政部长 Secretary of Defense 国防部长 General 司法部长

Postmaster General 邮政管理局长 Interior Secretary 内政部长 Agriculture Secretary 农业部长 Commerce Secretary 商务部长

在第二轮中美战略与经济对话开幕式上的致辞 中华人民共和国国务院国务委员 戴秉国

2010年5月24日 北京

Remarks by State Councilor Dai Bingguo At the Opening Session of the Second Round of The China-US Strategic and Economic Dialogues

Beijing, 24 May 2010

尊敬的克林顿国务卿、盖特纳财长，尊敬的王岐山副总理，女士们、先生们、朋友们：

Secretary Clinton, Secretary Geithner, Vice Premier Wang Qishan, Ladies and Gentlemen, Dear Friends, 五月的北京，满城绿色。在这美好的季节，我非常高兴与王岐山副总理、克林顿国务卿、盖特纳财长共同主持第二轮中美战略与经济对话。我期待着过一会儿同大家一起聆听胡锦涛主席亲临开幕式的讲话和奥巴马总统发来的贺辞。我以为，中美两国这么多关心和致力于发展中美关系的朋友相聚一起，就事关两国关系的战略性、长期性、全局性重大问题进行坦诚深入的对话，这本身就是国与国关系中的一大创举。

I feel truly pleased to get together with Vice Premier Wang Qishan, Secretary Clinton and Secretary Geithner in Beijing in this blooming and enchanting month of May to co-chair the Second Round of the China-US Strategic and Economic Dialogues.And I look forward to joining you for the address of President Hu Jintao, who will soon be with us in the opening session, and for the message from President Obama.So many Chinese and American friends that care for and are devoted to the growth of China-US relations have gathered today for candid and in-depth dialogues on the strategic, long-term and overarching issues in China-US relations.I believe this is in itself a pioneering undertaking in state-to-state relations.记得去年，在国际金融危机阴云笼罩之时，胡锦涛主席和奥巴马总统基于对21世纪世界前景的冷静思考，共同确定两国建设21世纪中美积极合作全面关系和应对共同挑战的伙伴关系，并把建立中美战略与经济对话机制作为一项重大战略举措，向世界传递了中美同舟共济、共克时艰、共创两国关系和世界美好未来的积极信号。

Last year when the world was haunted by the international financial crisis, President Hu Jintao and President Obama, out of their keen insight of the prospects of the 21st century, agreed to build a positive, cooperative and comprehensive China-US relationship for the 21st century and a partnership to cope with common challenges, and decided to take a major strategic step by setting up the mechanism of the China-US Strategic and Economic Dialogues.In so doing, they sent a positive signal to the world that China and the United States would join hands to tide over the difficulties and work together for a better future of China-US relations and the world at large.一年之后，当我们再次相聚并环顾世界之时，相信大家会更加深切地感受到，我们正处在人类和中美关系发展的一个重要历史关头。中美两国不仅需要回答能否创建21世纪新型大国关系的疑问，也面临着同世界各国一起把一个什么样的世纪带给各国人民、留给子孙后代的战略选择。

One year later, as we gather again and look at the world around us, I believe we all feel more keenly that we are now at a crucial historical juncture in the development of mankind and of China-US relations.Our two countries not only need to answer the question of whether we can build a new type of relationship between major countries in the 21st century.We also face a strategic choice as to what kind of a century China and the United States, together with other countries, will leave to our peoples, to our children and our children's children.我们这一代人经历过的上世纪，人类尽管有了多方面的进步，但仍是一个零和规则盛行、以意识形态划线的世纪，一个国际体系隔裂、集团对抗不止、热战冷战交替、很不安宁、多灾多难的世纪。

Though the last century that people of our generation have gone through has witnessed a lot of progress made by mankind, it was still a century in which the zero-sum rule prevailed and lines were drawn along ideologies.It was a century far from being tranquil.It was beset by disasters and adversities and characterized by a fractured international system, incessant confrontation between blocs and alternating hot and cold wars.进入21世纪后，虽然历史的惯性还在，新旧矛盾交织，但世界的变化可以说亘古未有。与以往很不相同的是：各国越来越相互依存、利益交融、休戚相关。我们地球上的居民不管愿不愿意，相互喜不喜欢，客观上已经是谁也离不开谁，实际上处于安危与共、祸福相依的利益与命运共同体中。

Though what had happened has lingered on to the 21st century, though problems, old and new, are intertwined, unprecedented changes have taken place in our world.What sets this century apart from the previous ones is that countries are becoming increasingly interdependent and their interests are more than ever interconnected.Like it or not, we, residents on Earth, have in fact become inseparable from one another.Be it in good times or bad times, we are bound together by common interests and have a common destiny to share.在这样一个世界中，面对日益增多的各种全球性问题，面对单个和少数国家无法应对的共同挑战，面对人类可持续发展的种种重大难题，不管你有什么样的社会制度、文化传统、发展模式，处于什么发展阶段，各国特别是大国必须抛弃一切不合时宜的东西，学会以沟通代替猜忌，以合作代替对抗，以和平代替战争，学会相互尊重、平等合作、同舟共济、和谐相处，没有别的选择！我们相信，在21世纪，中美两国人民，世界各国人民也都绝对不允许开倒车，走老路。今天搞对抗、打热战、打冷战哪怕温战都是很不得人心、也绝对行不通的！We are faced in such a world with the rising multitude of global issues, with common challenges that no individual country or handful of countries can tackle alone, and with significant and thorny issues concerning the sustainable development of mankind.Regardless of the difference in social system, cultural tradition, and development model and stage, no country, no major country in particular, should hold to things that have become outdated.We have to let suspicion, confrontation and war give way to communication, cooperation and the pursuit of peace.We have to learn to respect each other, conduct cooperation on an equal footing, make concerted efforts and pursue harmonious coexistence.This is our only choice!We are convinced that in this 21st century, neither the Chinese and American peoples nor people of other countries will allow history to repeat itself or the cause of advancement to backpedal.No attempt to stir up confrontation and stage war, be it a hot war, a cold war or even a warm war, will be popular in today's world.Nor will such an attempt lead to anywhere.中美两国作为世界上最大的发展中国家和最大的发达国家，应当认清世界发展的大势，顺应滚滚向前的历史潮流，排除一切人为的干扰，坚定不移地沿着两国元首确定的方向，共同建设21世纪积极合作全面的中美伙伴关系，开创全球化时代不同社会制度、文化传统和发展阶段的国家相互尊重，和谐相处、合作共赢的新型大国关系历史，以此促进中美两国持久共同发展和繁荣，造福于两国人民，造福于全人类。我们并不认为世界上的事务可以由

一、两个国家来决定，但是如果中美两国不建立和发展这种新型的关系，21世纪的天下难以太平。

China and the United States, being the biggest developing and developed country in the world, should have a sound judgment of the development trend of our world, and go along with the tide of history.We should remove man-made disruptions and unswervingly follow the direction charted by our two presidents to build a positive, cooperative and comprehensive China-US partnership for the 21st century.In this era of globalization, we should foster a new type of relations among major countries characterized by mutual respect, harmonious coexistence and win-win cooperation of countries with different social systems, cultural traditions and development stages.This will contribute to the sustained and common development and prosperity of our two countries and serve the interest of our two peoples and people around the world.We do not believe that world affairs should be determined by one or two individual countries.Yet should China and the United States not be able to build and develop such a new type of relations, the chance for peace will be seriously undermined in the 21st century.毫无疑问，建设中美新型伙伴关系是一项史无前例的开创性事业，在前进的道路上不能设想会是一帆风顺、没有困难，但已有的实践证明，这条路是必须走也走得通的。我们可以想一想，几十年前，谁能料到中美两国老一代领导人能够实现跨越大洋的握手？！又有谁能料到中美建交仅仅31年后两国关系就取得如此巨大、全面、深入的发展？！还有谁能料到，中美两个不同社会制度的大国，面对百年未遇、来势凶猛的国际金融危机，居然能够共克时艰、携手应对？！由此可以预料，21世纪，中美两国的政治家和两国人民一定有足够的意愿、智慧和能力排除万难，闯出一条建设新型伙伴关系的路子来。

To build a new type of China-US partnership will, without doubt, be an unprecedented and pioneering undertaking.The path forward will not be plain sailing or trouble-free.But past experience has proven that this is the path that we must take and will lead us to success.Looking back, decades ago, who could have imagined that leaders of the elder generation in China and America could have that handshake that came over the vastest ocean in the world?!Who could have imagined that China-US relations could witness such huge, comprehensive and profound development only 31 years after the establishment of diplomatic relations?!And who could have imagined that China and the United States, two major countries with different social systems, could join hands to tackle the once-in-a-century, severe international financial crisis?!Along this line, we can well foresee that in the 21st century, the statesmen and people of our two countries will have sufficient will, wisdom and capacity to overcome all difficulties and break new ground in establishing a new type of partnership between our two countries.在新的世纪里，正如美国电影《巴别塔》所揭示的那样，沟通，理解，信任至关重要。我以为，我们的战略与经济对话应该成为促进中美间沟通、理解、信任的重要而有效的一座桥粱，努力为建设中美积极合作全面的伙伴关系服务。这应当是我们这个对话机制的特有功能和价值之所在，也是中美两国领导人和人民期望之所在。我愿同中美双方的同事们一起，努力工作，不负众望，不辱使命。As the American movie “Babel” has shown, communication, mutual understanding and trust are of utmost importance in the new century.I believe the Strategic and Economic Dialogues should be an important and effective bridge in promoting communication, understanding and trust between China and the United States, and should contribute to building a positive, cooperative and comprehensive China-US partnership.This should be the unique function and value of our dialogue mechanism.And it is what our leaders and peoples expect of us.I am ready to work with my Chinese and American colleagues to live up to that expectation and to our common mission.Thank you!谢谢大家！

谷歌联合创始人拉里·佩奇密歇根大学毕业演讲

如果看过谷歌的介绍,可能你会不由得想到一个词—神话。这说的不光是拉里·佩奇和谢尔盖·布林两个博士没读完的辍学生在硅谷的车库里创业,最后建成了市值超过IBM(甚至有人预测五年后会超越微软)的IT巨擎的传奇故事,说的还是谷歌里面那令无数打工族垂涎万尺的企业文化:牛仔裤、T-shirt衫的随意穿着,美餐、中餐、印度餐等一应俱全的大食堂,免费就医、洗衣、洗车的服务,甚至可以带上狗狗和滑板车一起上班„„

谷歌的故事,举世瞩目。创始人的生活也为人津津乐道。今年5月,拉里·佩奇获邀在母校密歇根大学的毕业典礼上发表演讲。虽然已是成功典范,但拉里并没有夸夸其谈,他用诚挚的语言讲述自己家庭背景和人生经历,告诉大家人生中最宝贵的两样东西—梦想和亲友。

Class of 2009!First I’d like you to stand up, and wave and cheer your supportive family and friends!I’m sure you can find them out there.Show your love!

2009届的同学们,首先我希望大家都站起来,向支持你们的亲朋好友挥手致意!我相信你们都能在人群中找到他们,把你们的爱表现出来吧!

A long time ago, in this cold September of 1962, there was a Steven’s 1)co-op at this very university.That co-op had a kitchen with a ceiling that had been cleaned by student volunteers probably every decade or so.Picture a college girl named Gloria, climbing up high on a ladder, struggling to clean that 2)filthy ceiling.Standing on the floor, a young 3)boarder named Carl was admiring the view.And that’s how they met.They were my parents, so I suppose you could say I’m a direct result of that kitchen chemistry experiment, right here at Michigan.很久以前,1962年的寒冷9月,这座校园里有一家史蒂文消费合作社。此合作社有一间厨房,那里的天花板由学生志愿者打扫,大概每十来年才一次吧。想象一下,画面上有位名叫格洛里亚的女大学生,爬上了高高的梯子,努力地打扫那脏兮兮的天花板。一位名叫卡尔的寄宿生站在地上,为该情景钦佩不已。这就是他俩的初次邂逅。他俩就是我的父母亲。所以我想你们会说,我就是这里——密歇根大学那个“厨房化学实验”的直接成果。

Everyone in my family went here to Michigan: my brother, my Mom, my Dad—all of us.My father’s father worked in the Chevy plant in Flint, Michigan.He was an assembly line worker.He drove his two children here to Ann Arbor, and told them: That is where you’re going to college.I know it sounds funny now.Both of his kids actually did graduate from Michigan.That was the American dream.我们家的所有成员都毕业于密歇根大学:我哥哥、我妈妈和爸爸——我们全家。我的祖父在密歇根州弗林特的雪佛兰汽车工厂工作,他是装配线上的一名工人。他曾开车把两个孩子送到安娜堡这儿,并告诉他们:这是你们今后要上的大学。我知道现在听起来很好笑。他的两个孩子也的确从密歇根大学毕业。这就是“美国梦”。

What I’m trying to tell you, this is WAY more than a homecoming for me.I have a story about following dreams.Or maybe more accurately, it’s a story about finding a path to make those dreams real.我想告诉大家的是,来这儿对我的意义绝对不仅仅是重回旧地。我有个关于追寻梦想的故事,或者更确切地说,这是一个找到梦想成真之路的故事。

You know what it’s like to wake up in the middle of the night with a vivid dream? And you know how, if you don’t have a pencil and 4)pad by the bed, it will be completely gone by the next morning?

你们知道,午夜从一个逼真的梦境中醒来是什么感觉吗?你们知道如果床边没有纸笔,而第二天一早就忘个精光又会怎样吗?

Well, I had one of those dreams when I was 23.When I suddenly woke up, I was thinking: What if we could download the whole web, and just keep the links? And I grabbed a pen and started writing!Sometimes it’s important to wake up and stop dreaming.I spent the middle of that night 5)scribbling out the details and convincing myself it would work.Soon after, I told my advisor, Terry Winograd, it would take a couple of weeks for me to download the web—he nodded knowingly, fully aware it would take much longer but wise enough not to tell me.The 6)optimism of youth is often underrated!Amazingly, at that time, I have no thoughts building a search engine.The idea wasn’t even on the radar.But, much later we happened upon a better way of ranking and we made a really great search engine, and Google was born.When a really great dream shows up, grab it!

喔,我23岁的时候,就做过一个那样的梦。我猛然惊醒,想着:如果我们能把整个网络下载下来,但仅保存链接会怎样?然后我抓起一支笔写了起来。有时候别做梦,及时醒来是非常重要的。我花了一个午夜描画出细节,并确信那是可以做得到的。不久后,我告诉我的导师特里·温诺格拉德,那要花几周时间来下载整个网络——他只是会意地点点头,他完全知道要花的时间其实长得多,但他很睿智,并没有告诉我。年轻人的乐观精神通常不可低估!令人惊讶的是,我当时没有想过要造一个搜索引擎。这一概念甚至没有进入我脑海。但很久以后,我们突然找到更好排列网页的方法,并造出一个非常好的搜索引擎——谷歌就这样诞生了。当伟大的梦想闪现时,抓住它吧!When I was here at Michigan, I had actually been taught how to make dreams real!I know it sounds funny, but that is what I learned in a summer camp 7)converted into a training program called Leadershape.Their slogan is to have a “healthy disregard for the impossible”.That program encouraged me to pursue a crazy idea at the time: I wanted to build a personal rapid transit system on campus to replace the buses.I still think a lot about transportation—you never loose a dream, it just 8)incubates as a hobby.Many things people labor hard to do now, like cooking, cleaning, and driving will require much less human time in the future.That is, if we “have a healthy disregard for the impossible” and actually build the solutions.我在密歇根大学上学时,其实就学过如何实现梦想。我知道这听起来很可笑,但那是我从一个由夏令营转化而来的名为“塑造领袖”的培训项目中学到的。该项目的口号就是“理性地藐视不可能”。那个项目激励着我追寻那时一个疯狂的想法:我想在校园内建立一套个人快速交通系统以代替公交。我直到现在还在思考很多有关交通的问题—你永不要放走梦想,而要把它当作一种习惯去培育。现在人们花很大力气干的很多事情,如做饭、清洁、驾驶,以后只会占用人们更少的时间。也就是说,如果我们“理性地藐视不可能”,并确实找到新的解决方案的话。

I think it is often easier to make progress on mega-ambitious dreams.I know that sounds completely nuts.But, since no one else is crazy enough to do it, you’ll have little competition.The best people want to work on the big challenges.That is what happened with Google.Our mission is to organize the world’s information and make it universally 9)accessible and useful.How can that not get you excited? But we almost didn’t start Google, actually, because my co-founder Sergey and I were too worried about dropping out of the Ph.D.program.You are probably on the right track if you feel like a sidewalk worm during a rainstorm!That is about how we felt after we maxed out three credit cards buying hard disks off the back of a truck.That was actually the first hardware for Google.Parents and friends: more credit cards always help.What is the one sentence summary of how you change the world? Always work hard on something uncomfortably exciting!

我认为,通常追寻雄心万丈的梦想更容易些。我知道这听起来完全是一派胡言。不过,既然没有别的人疯狂到会做这件事情,你就没有竞争对手了。优秀的人爱接受大挑战。这就是在谷歌发生的事情。我们的目标就是组合全球的信息,使其随手可得,随处可用。那怎么能不让大家兴奋呢?但是我们那时几乎启动不成谷歌,因为我和联合创始人谢尔盖都太担心拿不到博士学位。要是你觉得自己是暴风雨下人行道上的一条蚯蚓,那很可能你就真的走对路了。那就是我们刷爆了三张信用卡,从一辆货车的车尾买来硬盘后的感觉。那就是谷歌最早的硬件设备。家长和朋友们:多点信用卡总是有用的。如何用一句话总结你该如何改变世界?那就是在那些让人极度兴奋的事情上发奋努力。

As a Ph.D.student, I actually had three projects I wanted to work on.Thank goodness my advisor said, “Why don’t you work on the web for a while?” Technology and especially the Internet can really help you be lazy.Lazy? What I mean is a group of three people can write software that then millions can use and enjoy.Can three people answer the phone a million times? Find the 10)leverage in the world, so you can be truly lazy!

当我在读博士的时候,其实我有三个项目是想做的。谢天谢地,我的导师对我说,“为什么你不先做一会网络的事呢?”科技,尤其是因特网真的能让人变懒。变懒?我的意思是一个三人的小组可以写出让数百万人喜爱使用的软件程序。但三个人可以接上百万次电话吗?找到撬起地球的杠杆,你就能真的懒起来。

Overall, I know it seems like the world is

11)crumbling out there, but it is actually a great time in your life to get a little crazy, follow your curiosity, and be ambitious about it.Don’t give up on your dream.The world needs you all!

总而言之,我知道这个世界看起来分崩离析,但这确是你们人生中一个伟大的时代,你们可以疯狂一点,追随自己的好奇心,雄心勃勃地实现它。不要放弃你们的梦想。世界需要你们所有人。

So here’s my final story:

On a day like today, you might feel 12)exhilarated—like you’ve just been shot out of a cannon at the circus—and even invincible.Don’t ever forget that incredible feeling.But also: always remember that the moments we have with friends and family, the chances we have to do things that might make a big difference in the world, or even to make a small difference to the ones we love—all those wonderful chances that life gives us, life also takes away.It can happen fast, and a whole lot sooner than you think.以下是我要说的最后一个故事:

就像今天的某一日,你们可能感到欣喜若狂,就像你刚从马戏团的大炮口被射了出来——甚至更加所向无敌。绝不要忘了那种难以名状的美妙感觉,但同时,也要永远记住和亲朋好友相聚的时刻,记住我们得做些可能会为世界带来巨变的事情的机会,或者只是为你所爱的人带来小变化的机会——所有生活给予我们美好机会,也能将它们带走。世事瞬息万变,比你设想的要快得多。

In late March 1996, soon after I had moved to Stanford for grad school, my Dad had difficulty breathing and drove to the hospital.Two months later, he died.I was completely 13)devastated.Many years later, after a startup, after falling in love, and after so many of life’s adventures, I found myself thinking about my Dad.1996年3月下旬,就在我到斯坦福上研究生院不久,我爸爸呼吸出现困难,被送到医院。两个月后,他去世了。我当时几近崩溃了。许多年以后,在我重新振作后,在我谈恋爱后,在我体验了如此多的人生经历后,我发现自己总是想起我的爸爸。

If my Dad were alive today, the thing I think he would be most happy about is that Lucy and I have a baby 14)in the hopper.If he were here today, well, it would be one of the best days of his life.如果我爸爸能活到今天,我想他最开心的莫过于看到露西和我即将拥有自己的孩子。如果他今天也能来到这里,噢,那将会是他人生中最美好的日子之一。

Many of us are fortunate enough to be here with family.Some of us have dear friends and family to go home to.Please keep them close and remember: They are what really matters in life.Thanks, Mom;Thanks, Lucy.And thank you, all, very much.我们中很多人都很幸运,能够在这里和家人们一起。我们中的一些还可以和亲友家人一起回家。请和他们保持亲密,并且记住:他们才是生命中真正至关重要的。

感谢妈妈,感谢露西。

同时,十分感谢大家。

Notes: convert [kən'və:t] vt.使转变；转换…；使…改变信仰 in the hopper准备就绪

美国军事学院（The United States Military Academy at West Point），常被称为西点军校。西点军校是美国第一所军事学校，位于纽约州西点（哈德逊河西岸），距离纽约市约80公里。学校占地1万6千英亩（约6千5百公亩）。西点军校的校训是“责任、荣誉、国家”，该校是美国历史最悠久的军事学院之一。它曾与英国桑赫斯特皇家军事学院、俄罗斯伏龙芝军事学院以及法国圣西尔军校并称世界“四大军校”。

Our prosperity provides a foundation for our power.It pays for our military.It underwrites our diplomacy.It taps the potential of our people, and allows investment in new industry.And it will allow us to compete in this century as successfully as we did in the last.That’s why our troop commitment in Afghanistan cannot be open-ended--because the nation that I’m most interested in building is our own.我们的繁荣是我国力量的基础。它支付我国的军事开支，资助我国的外交，开发我国人民的潜力，允许对新产业投资。它将使我们能够在这个世纪的竞争中取得像上个世纪那样的成功。因此，我们在阿富汗的驻军承诺不能没有期限，因为我最关心的还是我们本国的建设。

Now, let me be clear: None of this will be easy.The struggle against violent extremism will not be finished quickly, and it extends well beyond Afghanistan and Pakistan.It will be an enduring test of our free society, and our leadership in the world.And unlike the great power conflicts and clear lines of division that defined the 20th century, our effort will involve disorderly regions, failed states, diffuse enemies.我希望明确表示：这一切都不容易。打击暴力极端主义的斗争不可能很快结束，它远远超出阿富汗和巴基斯坦。它是对我们作为一个自由社会以及我们在世界上的领导作用的长期考验。与决定二十世纪的大国冲突和明晰的界线不同，我们的努力将触及骚乱的地区、瘫痪的国家和分散的敌人。

So as a result, America will have to show our strength in the way that we end wars and prevent conflict--not just how we wage wars.We’ll have to be nimble and precise in our use of military power.Where al Qaeda and its allies attempt to establish a foothold--whether in Somalia or Yemen or elsewhere--they must be confronted by growing pressure and strong partnerships.因此，美国必须以我们结束战争和防范冲突的方式——而不是以我们进行战争的方式——来表现我们的力量。我们在使用军事力量时必须灵活机动、精确无误。不管“基地”组织及其同伙企图在何处建立据点——无论是在索马里、也门还是其他地方——都必须以不断增强的压力和牢固的伙伴关系予以应对。

And we can’t count on military might alone.We have to invest in our homeland security, because we can’t capture or kill every violent extremist abroad.We have to improve and better coordinate our intelligence, so that we stay one step ahead of shadowy networks.但是美国不能单靠我们的军事威力。我们必须为增进我国的国土安全而投入资源，因为我们不可能抓获或击毙每一个暴力极端主义分子。我们必须改进和更好地协调我们的情报工作，以便抢在地下网络的前面。

We will have to take away the tools of mass destruction.And that’s why I’ve made it a central pillar of my foreign policy to secure loose nuclear materials from terrorists, to stop the spread of nuclear weapons, and to pursue the goal of a world without them--because every nation must understand that true security will never come from an endless race for ever more destructive weapons;true security will come for those who reject them.我们不能让大规模毁灭性武器落入敌手。这正是我把绝不让恐怖分子得到散落的核材料、制止核武器扩散和寻求实现无核世界的目标当作我外交政策的一个中心支柱的原因。因为每一个国家都必须懂得，真正的安全绝不会来自无休止地进行毁灭力日增的武器的竞赛——真正的安全将由拒绝使用这类武器的人获得。We’ll have to use diplomacy, because no one nation can meet the challenges of an interconnected world acting alone.I’ve spent this year renewing our alliances and forging new partnerships.And we have forged a new beginning between America and the Muslim world--one that recognizes our mutual interest in breaking a cycle of conflict, and that promises a future in which those who kill innocents are isolated by those who stand up for peace and prosperity and human dignity.我们必须展开外交，因为没有哪一个国家能够单独应对相互联系的世界的挑战。今年一年，我都在巩固我们的同盟并建立新的伙伴关系。我们与穆斯林世界之间有了一个新的开端——即认识到我们的共同利益在于打破冲突的恶性循环并构筑一个未来，让捍卫和平繁荣与人类尊严者将屠杀无辜者置于孤立境地。

And finally, we must draw on the strength of our values--for the challenges that we face may have changed, but the things that we believe in must not.That’s why we must promote our values by living them at home--which is why I have prohibited torture and will close the prison at Guantanamo Bay.And we must make it clear to every man, woman and child around the world who lives under the dark cloud of tyranny that America will speak out on behalf of their human rights, and tend to the light of freedom and justice and opportunity and respect for the dignity of all peoples.That is who we are.That is the source, the moral source, of America’s authority.最后，我们必须汲取我们价值观的力量，我们面对的挑战可能有所改变，但我们坚定的信念不会改变。因此，我们必须在国内以身作则，以此来推进我们的价值观——这就是我为什么禁止使用酷刑并将关闭关塔那摩湾的监狱。我们必须向世界各地生活在暴政阴影下的男女老少表明，美国将在人权问题上为他们代言，维护自由之光、正义、机会、以及对全人类尊严的尊重。这是我国的国格。这是美国威信的道义源泉。

Since the days of Franklin Roosevelt, and the service and sacrifice of our grandparents and great-grandparents, our country has borne a special burden in global affairs.We have spilled American blood in many countries on multiple continents.We have spent our revenue to help others rebuild from rubble and develop their own economies.We have joined with others to develop architecture of institutions--from the United Nations to NATO to the World Bank--that provide for the common security and prosperity of human beings.从富兰克林?罗斯福（Franklin Roosevelt）时期开始，通过我们的祖父辈及其父辈的奉献与牺牲，我们的国家在全球事务中承担了特殊的重负。美国人在横跨几个大洲的许多国家里洒下了鲜血。我们把我们的收入用于帮助别人在废墟上重建他们的国家和发展他们的经济。我们与其他国家一道建立起一整套机构——包括联合国、北约和世界银行——保障了人类的共同安全与繁荣。

We have not always been thanked for these efforts, and we have at times made mistakes.But more than any other nation, the United States of America has underwritten global security for over six decades--a time that, for all its problems, has seen walls come down, and markets open, and billions lifted from poverty, unparalleled scientific progress and advancing frontiers of human liberty.我们并非完美无缺，我们曾经犯过错误。但美利坚合众国在过去60年内为全球安全所承担的责任超过任何一个国家。在这一时期，尽管出现这样或那样的问题，但我们目睹了壁垒拆除、市场开放、数十亿人民脱离贫困、科学取得前所未有的进步、人类自由的前沿不断向前拓展。

For unlike the great powers of old, we have not sought world domination.Our union was founded in resistance to oppression.We do not seek to occupy other nations.We will not claim another nation’s resources or target other peoples because their faith or ethnicity is different from ours.What we have fought for--what we continue to fight for--is a better future for our children and grandchildren.And we believe that their lives will be better if other peoples’ children and grandchildren can live in freedom and access opportunity.与历代强国不同，我们没有追求世界霸权。我们的国家创建于反抗压迫的基础之上。我们绝不会占领另一个国家。我们绝不会攫取另一个国家的资源或因为其他国家的人民的信仰与种族与我们不同而把他们作为我们攻击的目标。我们过去和现在所追求的是让我们的子孙后代有一个更美好的未来；我们深信，如果其他民族的子孙后代能够在生活在自由和机会之中，他们的生活将会更加美好。

亚马逊总裁Jeff Bezos在princeton大学毕业典礼的演讲

As a kid, I spent my summers with my grandparents on their ranch in Texas.I helped fix windmills, vaccinate cattle, and do other chores.We also watched soap operas every afternoon, especially “Days of our Lives.” My grandparents belonged to a Caravan Club, a group of Airstream trailer owners who travel together around the U.S.and Canada.And every few summers, we'd join the caravan.We'd hitch up the Airstream trailer to my grandfather's car, and off we'd go, in a line with 300 other Airstream adventurers.I loved and worshipped my grandparents and I really looked forward to these trips.On one particular trip, I was about 10 years old.I was rolling around in the big bench seat in the back of the car.My grandfather was driving.And my grandmother had the passenger seat.She smoked throughout these trips, and I hated the smell.At that age, I'd take any excuse to make estimates and do minor arithmetic.I'd calculate our gas mileage--figure out useless statistics on things like grocery spending.I'd been hearing an ad campaign about smoking.I can't remember the details, but basically the ad said, every puff of a cigarette takes some number of minutes off of your life: I think it might have been two minutes per puff.At any rate, I decided to do the math for my grandmother.I estimated the number of cigarettes per days, estimated the number of puffs per cigarette and so on.When I was satisfied that I'd come up with a reasonable number, I poked my head into the front of the car, tapped my grandmother on the shoulder, and proudly proclaimed, “At two minutes per puff, you've taken nine years off your life!” I have a vivid memory of what happened, and it was not what I expected.I expected to be applauded for my cleverness and arithmetic skills.“Jeff, you're so smart.You had to have made some tricky estimates, figure out the number of minutes in a year and do some division.” That's not what happened.Instead, my grandmother burst into tears.I sat in the backseat and did not know what to do.While my grandmother sat crying, my grandfather, who had been driving in silence, pulled over onto the shoulder of the highway.He got out of the car and came around and opened my door and waited for me to follow.Was I in trouble? My grandfather was a highly intelligent, quiet man.He had never said a harsh word to me, and maybe this was to be the first time? Or maybe he would ask that I get back in the car and apologize to my grandmother.I had no experience in this realm with my grandparents and no way to gauge what the consequences might be.We stopped beside the trailer.My grandfather looked at me, and after a bit of silence, he gently and calmly said, “Jeff, one day you'll understand that it's harder to be kind than clever.”

What I want to talk to you about today is the difference between gifts and choices.Cleverness is a gift, kindness is a choice.Gifts are easy--they're given after all.Choices can be hard.You can seduce yourself with your gifts if you're not careful, and if you do, it'll probably be to the detriment of your choices.This is a group with many gifts.I'm sure one of your gifts is the gift of a smart and capable brain.I'm confident that's the case because admission is competitive and if there weren't some signs that you're clever, the dean of admission wouldn't have let you in.Your smarts will come in handy because you will travel in a land of marvels.We humans--plodding as we are--will astonish ourselves.We'll invent ways to generate clean energy and a lot of it.Atom by atom, we'll assemble tiny machines that will enter cell walls and make repairs.This month comes the extraordinary but also inevitable news that we've synthesized life.In the coming years, we'll not only synthesize it, but we'll engineer it to specifications.I believe you'll even see us understand the human brain.Jules Verne, Mark Twain, Galileo, Newton--all the curious from the ages would have wanted to be alive most of all right now.As a civilization, we will have so many gifts, just as you as individuals have so many individual gifts as you sit before me.How will you use these gifts? And will you take pride in your gifts or pride in your choices? I got the idea to start Amazon 16 years ago.I came across the fact that Web usage was growing at 2,300 percent per year.I'd never seen or heard of anything that grew that fast, and the idea of building an online bookstore with millions of titles--something that simply couldn't exist in the physical world--was very exciting to me.I had just turned 30 years old, and I'd been married for a year.I told my wife MacKenzie that I wanted to quit my job and go do this crazy thing that probably wouldn't work since most startups don't, and I wasn't sure what would happen after that.MacKenzie(also a Princeton grad and sitting here in the second row)told me I should go for it.As a young boy, I'd been a garage inventor.I'd invented an automatic gate closer out of cement-filled tires, a solar cooker that didn't work very well out of an umbrella and tinfoil, baking-pan alarms to entrap my siblings.I'd always wanted to be an inventor, and she wanted me to follow my passion.I was working at a financial firm in New York City with a bunch of very smart people, and I had a brilliant boss that I much admired.I went to my boss and told him I wanted to start a company selling books on the Internet.He took me on a long walk in Central Park, listened carefully to me, and finally said, “That sounds like a really good idea, but it would be an even better idea for someone who didn't already have a good job.” That logic made some sense to me, and he convinced me to think about it for 48 hours before making a final decision.Seen in that light, it really was a difficult choice, but ultimately, I decided I had to give it a shot.I didn't think I'd regret trying and failing.And I suspected I would always be haunted by a decision to not try at all.After much consideration, I took the less safe path to follow my passion, and I'm proud of that choice.Tomorrow, in a very real sense, your life--the life you author from scratch on your own--begins.How will you use your gifts? What choices will you make? Will inertia be your guide, or will you follow your passions? Will you follow dogma, or will you be original? Will you choose a life of ease, or a life of service and adventure? Will you wilt under criticism, or will you follow your convictions? Will you bluff it out when you're wrong, or will you apologize? Will you guard your heart against rejection, or will you act when you fall in love? Will you play it safe, or will you be a little bit swashbuckling? When it's tough, will you give up, or will you be relentless? Will you be a cynic, or will you be a builder? Will you be clever at the expense of others, or will you be kind? I will hazard a prediction.When you are 80 years old, and in a quiet moment of reflection narrating for only yourself the most personal version of your life story, the telling that will be most compact and meaningful will be the series of choices you have made.In the end, we are our choices.Build yourself a great story.Thank you and good luck!亚马逊总裁Jeff Bezos在princeton大学毕业典礼的演讲

在我还是一个孩子的时候，我的夏天总是在德州祖父母的农场中度过。我帮忙修理风车，为牛接种疫苗，也做其它家务。每天下午，我们都会看肥皂剧，尤其是《我们的岁月》。我的祖父母参加了一个房车俱乐部，那是一群驾驶Airstream拖挂型房车的人们，他们结伴遍游美国和加拿大。每隔几个夏天，我也会加入他们。我们把房车挂在祖父的小汽车后面，然后加入300余名Airstream探险者们组成的浩荡队伍。

我爱我的祖父母，我崇敬他们，也真心期盼这些旅程。那是一次我大概十岁时的旅行，我照例坐在后座的长椅上，祖父开着车，祖母坐在他旁边，吸着烟。我讨厌烟味。

在那样的年纪，我会找任何借口做些估测或者小算术。我会计算油耗还有杂货花销等鸡毛蒜皮的小事。我听过一个有关吸烟的广告。我记不得细节了，但是广告大意是说，每吸一口香烟会减少几分钟的寿命，大概是两分钟。无论如何，我决定为祖母做个算术。我估测了祖母每天要吸几支香烟，每支香烟要吸几口等等，然后心满意足地得出了一个合理的数字。接着，我捅了捅坐在前面的祖母的头，又拍了拍她的肩膀，然后骄傲地宣称，“每天吸两分钟的烟，你就少活九年!” 我清晰地记得接下来发生了什么，而那是我意料之外的。我本期待着小聪明和算术技巧能赢得掌声，但那并没有发生。相反，我的祖母哭泣起来。我的祖父之前一直在默默开车，把车停在了路边，走下车来，打开了我的车门，等着我跟他下车。我惹麻烦了吗?我的祖父是一个智慧而安静的人。他从来没有对我说过严厉的话，难道这会是第一次?还是他会让我回到车上跟祖母道歉?我以前从未遇到过这种状况，因而也无从知晓会有什么后果发生。我们在房车旁停下来。祖父注视着我，沉默片刻，然后轻轻地、平静地说：“杰夫，有一天你会明白，善良比聪明更难。” 选择比天赋更重要

今天我想对你们说的是，天赋和选择不同。聪明是一种天赋，而善良是一种选择。天赋得来很容易——毕竟它们与生俱来。而选择则颇为不易。如果一不小心，你可能被天赋所诱惑，这可能会损害到你做出的选择。在座各位都拥有许多天赋。我确信你们的天赋之一就是拥有精明能干的头脑。之所以如此确信，是因为入学竞争十分激烈，如果你们不能表现出聪明智慧，便没有资格进入这所学校。

你们的聪明才智必定会派上用场，因为你们将在一片充满奇迹的土地上行进。我们人类，尽管跬步前行，却终将令自己大吃一惊。我们能够想方设法制造清洁能源，也能够一个原子一个原子地组装微型机械，使之穿过细胞壁，然后修复细胞。这个月，有一个异常而不可避免的事情发生了——人类终于合成了生命。在未来几年，我们不仅会合成生命，还会按说明书驱动它们。我相信你们甚至会看到我们理解人类的大脑，儒勒·凡尔纳，马克·吐温，伽利略，牛顿——所有那些充满好奇之心的人都希望能够活到现在。作为文明人，我们会拥有如此之多的天赋，就像是坐在我面前的你们，每一个生命个体都拥有许多独特的天赋。你们要如何运用这些天赋呢?你们会为自己的天赋感到骄傲，还是会为自己的选择感到骄傲? 追随自己内心的热情

16年前，我萌生了创办亚马逊的想法。彼时我面对的现实是互联网使用量以每年2300%的速度增长，我从未看到或听说过任何增长如此快速的东西。创建涵盖几百万种书籍的网上书店的想法令我兴奋异常，因为这个东西在物理世界里根本无法存在。那时我刚刚30岁，结婚才一年。

我告诉妻子MacKenzie想辞去工作，然后去做这件疯狂的事情，很可能会失败，因为大部分创业公司都是如此，而且我不确定那之后会发生什么。MacKenzie告诉我，我应该放手一搏。在我还是一个男孩儿的时候，我是车库发明家。我曾用水泥填充的轮胎、雨伞和锡箔以及报警器制作了一个自动关门器。我一直想做一个发明家，MacKenzie支持我追随内心的热情。

我当时在纽约一家金融公司工作，同事是一群非常聪明的人，我的老板也很有智慧，我很羡慕他。我告诉我的老板我想开办一家在网上卖书的公司。他带我在中央公园漫步良久，认真地听我讲完，最后说：“听起来真是一个很好的主意，但是对那些目前没有谋到一份好工作的人来说，这个主意会更好。”

这一逻辑对我而言颇有道理，他说服我在最终作出决定之前再考虑48小时。那样想来，这个决定确实很艰难，但是最终，我决定拼一次。我认为自己不会为尝试过后的失败而遗憾，倒是有所决定但完全不付诸行动会一直煎熬着我。在深思熟虑之后，我选择了那条不安全的道路，去追随我内心的热情。我为那个决定感到骄傲。

明天，非常现实地说，你们从零塑造自己人生的时代即将开启。你们会如何运用自己的天赋?你们又会作出怎样的抉择? 你们是被惯性所引导，还是追随自己内心的热情? 你们会墨守陈规，还是勇于创新? 你们会选择安逸的生活，还是选择一个奉献与冒险的人生? 你们会屈从于批评，还是会坚守信念? 你们会掩饰错误，还是会坦诚道歉? 你们会因害怕拒绝而掩饰内心，还是会在面对爱情时勇往直前? 你们想要波澜不惊，还是想要搏击风浪? 你们会在严峻的现实之下选择放弃，还是会义无反顾地前行? 你们要做愤世嫉俗者，还是踏实的建设者? 你们要不计一切代价地展示聪明，还是选择善良? 我要做一个预测：在你们80岁时某个追忆往昔的时刻，只有你一个人静静对内心诉说着你的人生故事，其中最为充实、最有意义的那段讲述，会被你们作出的一系列决定所填满。最后，是选择塑造了我们的人生。为你自己塑造一个伟大的人生故事。谢谢，祝你们好运!

2009年11月12日，第七届中国2010年上海世博会国际论坛在北京召开。第三部分的主题演讲“发展的世博理念”由国际展览局名誉主席吴建民先生主持。上海世博会事务协调局局长、上海市政府副秘书长洪浩先生发表了题为“实践世博理念，办好世博盛会”的演讲，以下是讲演内容：

实践世博理念，办好世博盛会

上海世博会事务协调局局长、上海市政府副秘书长 洪浩

2009年11月12日 北京

Stage a Successful Expo in line with the Expo Notion

By Hong Hao Deputy Secretary General of Shanghai Municipal People’s Government

Director of the Bureau of Shanghai World Expo Coordination

November 12, 2009, Beijing

各位来宾，女士们、先生们，Dear guests, ladies and gentlemen:

本次论坛是上海世博会举行前的最后一次论坛。明年上海世博会将拉开帷幕，迎接来自全球的朋友们。今天我想就世博会的理念和情况和大家做一些交流。

This Expo forum is the last one of its kind before the Shanghai Expo opens half a year later to welcome friends from across the world.Today, I would like to brief you on the preparations for the Shanghai Expo based on the notion for its development.一、世博价值支撑我们办博。

I.The Expo values support our Expo preparation

被誉为世界经济、文化和科技盛会的世博会，一直关注人类的交流与发展，寄托人们的思想与愿望，展示创造的经验与成就，促进国际的合作与友谊。2010年上海世博会是中国第一次举办的综合类世博会，也是世界博览事业在新世纪从中国这个最大的发展中国家，阔步向前的新起点。

Famed as the world’s great event of the economic, cultural and technological fields, the world exposition always attaches great importance to the communication and development of the humankind.Rested with people’s thoughts and aspirations, it displays the experience and achievements people have made and helps promote international cooperation and friendship.The Shanghai Expo is the first universal exhibition to be hosted by China.It also marks a new starting point for the cause of world exposition to progress from the biggest developing country in the new century.国际社会对我们办好2010年世博会充满期待，参展各方对我们的筹备工作大力支持，世博会的内涵日益丰富，自建馆设计各具特色，租赁馆、联合馆展示方案精彩纷呈，世界各国申报的文艺节目五彩缤纷，各类论坛主题响应热烈。

The international community exerts high expectations for a successful Expo in 2010, and the participants strongly support our preparations.The contents of the Shanghai Expo are getting increasingly enriched: self-built pavilions are designed with unique features, while the Exhibition Projects submitted for the rented pavilions and joint pavilions are brilliant.The participants have applied for colorful performances and responded actively to the themes of various forums.作为本届世博会的组织者，我们承担着场馆建设、参展服务、活动筹备、论坛组织、会期运营等各项工作，任务十分艰巨。由于是第一次举办如此大规模、长时间的世博会，我们还缺乏经验。在筹办过程中，我们一直坚持向举办过世博会的国家和城市认真讨教，向奥运会等其他大型活动的主办方虚心学习，主动听取国际展览局的指导，努力汲取各国经验，凝聚各方智慧，秉持世博会“欢聚、沟通、展示、合作”的精神，积极与各参展方携手努力，共同办好2010年世博会。

As the Organizer of the Shanghai Expo, we take charge of the pavilion construction, participation service, events preparations, forum organization and Expo operation, undertaking arduous tasks.We are to gain experience since this is the first time for us to hold such a large-scale and long-duration world exposition.During the preparation, we have been learning from host countries and cities of previous world expositions as well as the organizers of such large-scale events as the Olympics.We also listen to the instructions of the BIE, refer to the experience of all countries, and strive concertedly with the participants to stage a satisfying Expo in 2010 in line with the spirit of the world exposition “understanding, communication, union and cooperation”.[中文空缺]

In spite of the hard work and nervousness, we are also very excited.The Shanghai Expo has the most participating countries and international organizations in the history of the world exposition, and has its innovation embodied in the UBPA participation and the Expo Shanghai Online.Besides, this is the first expo ever hosted by a developing country.And we are confident that the Shanghai Expo with the theme of “Better City, Better Life” will promote the long-run development of Shanghai, enlighten the urbanization in China, enhance communication among different countries and boost the sustainable development of the human being.The Expo staff have a thorough understanding of the Expo values and has combined their own personal values with the Expo notion.We will overcome all difficulties and spare no effort to present a successful, splendid and unforgettable Expo.二、世博价值在于世博理念

II.The Expo values lie in its notion

每届世博会对于主办城市及国家的推动是不同的，例如2000年德国汉诺威世博会进一步巩固了汉诺威作为欧洲国际会展中心的地位，2005年日本爱知世博会对日本中部地区的经济发展带来了积极影响。除了每届世博会所产生的不同影响，什么是世博会共性的意义所在？那就是世博会对普通民众价值观的影响和改变。

The world expositions vary with each other in the degree of promoting the development of the host city and country.For example, the Hannover Expo in 2000 further cemented Hannover’s status in Europe as an international exhibition center;the Aichi Expo in 2005 brought positive influence upon the economic development of the central Japan.Besides the varying influence of each world exposition, their shared significance lies in the impact and change of the common people’s values.当19世纪末20世纪初的公众在世博会上看到留声机、照相机、电视机、火车、汽车、飞机时，他们会增加对科学的追求，增加科技能改变人生的信心；在经历了战争以及经济发展带来的环境污染问题之后，20世纪中后期的世博会通过相应主题让人们坚信，应当用人性来驾驭科技手段，使它们为人类创造幸福，而不是用科技制造出来的武器相互残杀，或者以破坏自然的代价换取经济发展。

In late 1990s and early 2000s, the appearance of phonograph, camera, television, train, car and aircraft at the world expositions enhanced the pursuit of the public for science and raised their confidence that science and technology could change their life.After experiencing the environmental pollution brought by wars and economic development, the world expositions in the mid-and late 20th century made people believe through corresponding themes that we should stick to the principle of people-oriented in applying technologies and make them benefit the humankind, rather than fight each other with the technology-based weapons or develop economy at the cost of destroying the nature.本届世博会的主题是“城市，让生活更美好”，我们希望能在当今全球城市化的进程中，为全人类留下宝贵的文化遗产。今天世界同时受到城市化的好处和苦恼，一方面人们为了更好的工作、教育、居住以及社交条件而进入城市，另一方面，随着城市密度不断提高，规模不断扩大，产生了诸如交通拥堵、卫生、治安以及环境污染，温室气体排放过量等种种问题，由此引发的全球变暖，气候异常现象甚至已经到了危及人类生存的地步。对此，我们需要全球的智慧、经验，来找到问题的答案，并共同努力解决。

Focusing on the theme of “Better City, Better Life”, we hope to leave precious cultural heritages to the humankind during the global urbanization.We are both enjoying the benefits and facing with some problems brought by urbanization.On one hand, people move into cities to get better jobs, receive better education and enjoy better living and social contact conditions.On the other hand, cities keep expanding and accumulate more and more people, resulting in poor traffic, hygiene, public security and environment.Besides, global warming and climate anomaly due to excessive emission of greenhouse gases are endangering people’s life.Therefore, we need to gather the wisdom and experience around the world to address the problem.上海世博会将主要围绕三个问题，即“什么样的城市让生活更美好？什么样的生活观念和实践让城市更美好？什么样的城市发展模式让地球家园更美好？”来探讨目前城市化进程中全人类面临的问题，并试图从全球范围内寻找智慧、经验以及理念。我们希望这些智慧、经验和理念能够影响的人群，不仅是城市管理者、规划师这些城市学领域的专业人士，更应当是千百万前来参观世博会，关注世博会的普通人。我们希望前来参观世博会、关注世博会的千百万普通公众，他们对于世博会的认识，除了在世博会里能看到新奇的建筑、领略各国的风情、体验最新的科技；除了在参观世博会中体验到好看、好吃、好玩；除了更深刻地理解世博会是“科技、经济、文化的奥林匹克”；还应当让参观者在世博会里，能够通过各种精彩的展览、论坛、活动，以及体验网上世博会，接触到当前全人类共同面对的情况，我们现在遇到了怎样的问题？为什么会出现这些问题？我们需要怎么做来解决这些问题，从而让我们的生活变得更美好？这些问题可以引发公众的关注和思考，进而影响他们行为上的积极改变。这也是举办世博会的意义所在。

The Shanghai Expo will mainly center on three questions, that is, what kind of city can make life better? What kind of concept of life and practice can make city better? What kind of city development mode can make the earth better? In this way, we will discuss the problems confronted by the man during the urbanization and try to search for wisdom, experience and concept from across the globe.We hope the wisdom, experience and concept could influence urban administration, planners and experts in urbanology as well as the public visiting and paying attention to the Shanghai Expo.We wish the thousands of millions of visitors could enhance their knowledge in world exposition, could see distinctive buildings, enjoy customs of different countries and experience the latest technologies, and could have their appetite and eyes satisfied.We hope they could understand more profoundly that the world exposition is the Olympics of the technological, economic and cultural fields.What’s more important, we should make them know the problems facing the whole humankind via exciting exhibitions, forums, events and experience in the Expo Shanghai Online and consider the reasons and solutions to the problems, so as to realize a better life.This will arouse the awareness and thoughts of the public and thus bring changes to their behaviors.This is where the significance of the Shanghai Expo lies.三、办好世博会，实现世博理念

III.Present a successful Expo to realize the Expo notion

《国际展览会公约》规定：世界博览会是一种展示活动，其宗旨在于教育大众。世界需要世博会，正是因为世博会的这个教育大众的理念和历史上实际起到的巨大作用与影响力。世博会通过全球各国、国际组织、企业、以及媒体和公众的广泛地共同参与，在欢乐祥和的氛围中，以富有创意的展示方式，展示最新的科技和进步，想象美好的未来，以此有效地推广传播理念并教育公众。The BIE Convention regulates that the world exposition is an exhibition serving as a tool to educate the public.The world needs the world exposition because it is designed to educate the public and it has played a significance role in the history.Participated in by countries, international organizations, enterprises, media organizations and people from across the globe, the world exposition exhibit in a joyous and innovative way the latest technologies and progresses and guide the public to imagine a better future, thus effectively disseminate its concepts and educate the public.我们要用这种认识来指导接下来的办博工作：

We should instruct the following tasks based on the above understanding:

一是把各主题项目做好。展览方面：五个主题馆，将分别从城市人、城市、城市与地球这三个空间维度，以及城市的过去和未来这两个时间维度，来解读“城市，让生活更美好”。各参展国、国际组织、中国地方政府、城市以及企业将带来各自对于当前城市化问题的解答以及未来城市的设想。活动方面：世博会期间每天约100场次的各类文化演艺活动将展示城市文化生活的精彩魅力。上海世博会中的论坛不仅是思想激荡的舞台，也会在高峰论坛上出台《上海宣言》，联合全球的力量一同解决城市化中面临的问题。同时，我们紧扣主题，在世博会建设、筹备、运营的全过程中坚持贯彻科技世博、人文世博、低碳世博、和谐世博的思想。没有成功的精彩的展示、活动、论坛，没有安全有序的运营和参与体验，就无法让观众感受到难忘的世博理念。

First, we should prepare well for the thematic projects.As for exhibitions, the five Theme Pavilions will interpret the theme “Better City, Better Life” via the space dimension of Urbanian, city, city and globe and the time dimension of past and future.The participating countries, international organizations, local Chinese governments, cities and enterprises will bring their solutions to problems brought by urbanization and imaginations for future cities.As for events, about 100 sessions of various performances will be staged every day during the Expo to showcase the exciting charm of urban cultural life.Forums of the Shanghai Expo will serve as a stage for brilliant ideas, and the Shanghai Declaration will be announced on the summit forum to unite resources from the world to address problems facing with the urbanization.In addition, we focus on the Expo theme and stick to the principles of Hi-tech Expo, cultural Expo, low-carbon Expo and harmonious Expo during the construction, preparation and operation.Without successful and splendid exhibitions, events and forums, and without safe and orderly operation, participation and experience, we will never make the visitors be deeply impressed by the Expo notion.二是做好园区内外的互动，包括网上世博，媒体和专家对世博理念的推广，园区内的科技和经验在园区外的应用等等。网上世博会是世博会历史上的一大创新，突破了空间和时间的限制，观众可以事先通过网上世博会了解自己感兴趣的内容，提前安排实际游览路线；也可以在实体参观之后，深入了解相关内容，理解主题和理念，或者是弥补无法到实地参观的遗憾。我们也希望媒体能在明年更加关注世博会，特别是对世博会主题的关注和传播，例如以多样的形式解读和剖析世博会上展示的、各国解决城市化进程中所遇问题的智慧和经验，探讨城市化的发展方向，等等。我们也希望，世博会上展示和应用的各类最新科技、最新工艺，能够尽快地普及推广，引领城市科学、和谐地发展。更为重要的是，我们希望能看到，通过上海世博会的举办，能够让城市管理者、规划师，以及广大的普通市民，关注当前城市化现象和问题，并结合自身情况，作出即使是微小的，但实际的改进，从而在城市规划、市政管理、企业、学术、媒体、市民等不同层面，为改善城市，创造美好生活作出自己的贡献。

Second, we shall offer smooth interaction both out and in the Expo Site, including the promotion of the Expo notion via the Expo Shanghai Online, media and experts as well as the application of intra-Site technologies and experience in areas outside the Expo Site.The Expo Shanghai Online is a great innovation in the history of the world exposition.It breaks the space and time limitations, through which the visitors will get to know what they are interested in, arrange in advance routes for tour, understand in depth relevant contents, themes and concepts after visiting the Expo or make up the pity that they could not visit the physical pavilions.We also hope the media could pay much more attention to the Shanghai Expo in the following year, and cover and disseminate the Expo theme in particular.For example, they may interpret and analyze in diversified ways the wisdom and experience of countries in addressing problems brought by the urbanization, and discuss the directions of urbanization, etc.We also hope that the latest technologies and techniques exhibited and applied in the Shanghai Expo could be popularized as soon as possible to guide the scientific and harmonious urban development.More importantly, we wish that after the Shanghai Expo, city administration, planners and the citizens could attach importance to the urbanization and the problems it brings, and make minor but useful contributions based on their own conditions.In this way, people from all levels including the city management, city administration, academic circle, media and the common public may all make due contributions to improve urban environment and create better life.三是确保运营的成功。5.28平方公里的世博园区，就像一个微型城市，需要为每天40万以上的观众和约10万工作人员提供交通、食品、用水、卫生、通讯、治安、休闲娱乐等基础设施和服务。世博会运营的成功，不仅是让观众能在舒适、安全、低成本的环境里，体验世博理念；其成功运营的本身，就是对于“城市，让生活更美好”的诠释和示范。

Third, we shall ensure the success of the Expo operation.Covering 5.28 square kilometers, the Expo Site is like a miniature city.It needs to offer infrastructure and services in terms of transportation, food, water, hygiene, communication, public security, leisure and entertainment for over 400,000 visitors and about 100,000 staff members every day.A successful Expo will make the visitors experience the Expo notion in a comfortable, secure and low-cost environment.Moreover, the successful operation itself is the best interpretation and demonstration of the theme “Better City, Better Life”.2009年11月12日，第七届中国2010年上海世博国际论坛在北京召开。上海世博会组委会委员、中国贸促会副会长王锦珍发表讲话，以下为讲话内容: 在第七届中国2010年上海世博国际论坛上的讲话

中国贸促会副会长王锦珍 2009年11月12日

Speech at the 7th World Expo 2010 Shanghai China Forum

By Wang Jinzhen Vice-Chairman of China Council for the Promotion of International Trade

(CCPIT)

November 12, 2009, Beijing

尊敬的韩正市长、尊敬的国际展览局蓝峰主席、洛塞泰斯秘书长、尊敬的各位省长、各位来宾、女士们、先生们、朋友们：

Distinguished Mayor Han，Distinguished President Lafon and Secretary General Loscertales，Dear guests, ladies and gentlemen，大家上午好！首先我代表上海世博会组委会和中国国际贸易促进委员会向出席论坛的各位嘉宾表示诚挚的欢迎！

Good morning!On behalf of the National Organizing Committee of the World Expo 2010 Shanghai China and China Council for the Promotion of International Trade(CCPIT), and in the name of the Chief Delegate of China to the BIE, I would like to begin by extending sincere welcome to all participants at this forum.在世界积极应对全球金融危机挑战之际，由中国政府主办为期 184天的上海世博会再有170天将在上海拉开帷幕，从2002年中国申办成功至今，在国际展览局和各参展方积极参与、鼎力支持下，经过七年的精心筹备，上海世博会筹备工作已经进入全面冲刺阶段，蓄势待发，我们期待着2010年与世界各国齐聚上海，共襄盛举。

When the world is waving farewell to the first decade of the 21st Century, it will embrace the 184-day World Expo Shanghai hosted by Chinese Government 169 days from now.Since the successful bidding in 2002, thanks to the active involvement and support of BIE and all participants, the preparation for the World Expo Shanghai has come to the final sprint after seven years’ dedication.Now we are well-prepared for the world grand gathering in Shanghai next year.各位来宾，Dear guests，当前，在全球城市化进程快速发展的同时，各种城市问题也在出现，关注城市的科学发展，解决城市发展难题已经成为人类社会共同关切的命题，上海世博会选择以城市为主题，将集中展示世界各国在城市发展方面的经验、模式和未来的发展理念，向世人展示城市文明成果，交流城市建设经验，传播城市理念，共同探讨城市未来发展的课题，为形成良好的人居环境和健康的工作方式，构建和谐社会，实现可持续发展提供生动的例证，这将是一件具有深刻意义的事情。

Today, with the accelerating progress of global urbanization, city-related issues are emerging.It has become a common concern for human society to pay attention to scientific urban development and solve urban development problems.With the selected theme on “City”, the World Expo Shanghai will be a gallery for the world to showcase the best practice, modes, achievements and future concepts in urban development from all countries, a workshop for people to share urban-building experiences, spread urban concepts and discuss direction of the future city, and a vivid example for the pursuit of sustainable development characterized by livable environment, healthy working style and social harmony, which will be of great significance.面临快速城市化的发展挑战，中国正致力于建设全面协调、可持续发展的城市，我们衷心希望本次以“城市”为主题的上海世博会能集聚全球智慧，共同探索未来人类生存的发展道路。

In the face of accelerating urbanization, China has devoted itself to building well-balanced sustainable cities.We sincerely hope that global wisdom will be pooled at this city-focused World Expo Shanghai so that world people would be enabled to explore the future path for human survival and development.朋友们，Dear friends，中国与世博会的关系源远流长，从1851年开始中国官方和民间通过派员参观或以实物参展等形式先后多次走进世博会，接受了近代文明的洗礼，新中国成立以后，中国贸促会代表中国先后参加了12次世博会，并一直积极促进世博会事业的蓬勃发展。中国在1999年成功举办了昆明世界园艺博览会，又将于2019年举办上海世界博览会，这不但表达了中国寻求与世界各国交流、共同发展的良好愿望，而且也是世界各国加强沟通的平台。

China’s connection with the World Expo is long.It participated officially and non-officially in the form of individual and delegation visits as well as real exhibits, baptized by modern civilization for many times starting from 1851.Since the founding of New China, CCPIT has participated in the World Expo for 12 times on behalf of Chinese Government and has been playing an active role in undertaking the World Expo missions.A good reflection is the successful hosting of 1999 Kunming International Horticulture Exposition and the anticipating World Expo Shanghai, not only expressing China’s intention to seek constant cooperation and co-development with other countries, but also serving as a platform for countries to enhance communication.自上海世博会申办成功以来，中国政府高度重视上海世博会筹备工作，胡锦涛主席多次强调：办好2010年上海世博会是实现科学发展的重要契机，并指出，要举全中国之力，集世界智慧，以上海世博会为契机，为推进世界各国经济、技术和文化交流与合作，摆脱金融危机的影响，促进可持续发展作出努力。

China has been attaching great importance to the preparation of the World Expo Shanghai since the successful bidding.As stressed repeatedly by President Hu Jintao, the World Expo Shanghai is a pivotal opportunity for fulfillment of the Scientific Outlook on Development and the entire nation should make good use of this opportunity, by pooling the global wisdom, to make contribution to getting out of the financial crisis towards sustainable development through cooperation and exchanges in economy, technology and culture between countries.刚才温家宝总理在主旨演讲中对上海世博会加强全球合作、促进城市可持续发展提出了殷切的希望，这充分体现了中国办好上海世博会的坚定决心。上海世博会组委会成立以来，中央政府各有关部门和上海市紧密配合，通力协作，围绕参展事务、园区建设、宣传推介、法律保障、医疗卫生、知识产权等方面全力推进办博工作，各省区市也积极参展，并期待与各参展方的全面合作。

Just now in his keynote speech, Premier Wen Jiabao also expressed eager expectation for the role of the World Expo Shanghai in promoting global partnership and sustainable urban development.All this is a reflection of the confidence of the Chinese Government in the success of this Expo.As soon as the National Organizing Committee of World Expo Shanghai was established, related Central Government departments started to collaborate with Shanghai Municipal Government in all aspects including participation issues, pavilion construction, promoting, legal assurance, medical and hygienic issues and intellectual property right, etc.to ensure smooth preparation.Provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities also take their parts as participants and are longing for full cooperation with other participants.作为国际展览局和世博会大家庭的一员，中国期待着与世界各国朋友一道在异彩纷呈的上海世博会上感受文化创意、体验科学进步、交流发展理念、共享文明成果，为新世纪城市的发展探索新的模式和新的发展思路，为和谐社会的缔造和人类的可持续发展作出卓越的贡献。

As a member of the BIE and World Expo family, China is ready to share the world friends with cultural creativity, scientific and technological advancement, ideas on development and achievements of civilization on a wonderful World Expo Shanghai, so that we could explore new modes and thoughts for cities in the new century and make outstanding contribution to social harmony and sustainable human development.女士们、先生们，Ladies and gentlemen，不同文明交流、兼容并蓄是社会进步的不竭动力，上海世博会把来自不同文明、不同地域的智慧凝聚在一起，共同描绘城市美好的未来，我们相信本届论坛一定能够为我们带来启迪和收获，为上海世博会成功举办贡献智慧，最后预祝本届世博会国际论坛取得圆满成功，欢迎届时大家到上海参观上海世博会。

Complementary exchanges, learning and tolerance between civilizations is an inexhaustible driving force for the social progress.In this spirit, the World Expo Shanghai will function as a pool of wisdoms from various civilizations and geographical regions to conceive a better future for cities.This Forum, I believe, will inspire us to deliver an Expo of wisdom.To conclude, I wish the 7th World Expo 2010 Shanghai China a complete success.谢谢大家！

Thank you all.11月12日，第七届中国2010年上海世博会国际论坛在北京闭幕。上海市市长、上海世博会组委会副主任委员韩正先生主持闭幕式，国际展览局秘书长洛塞泰斯先生作闭幕演讲。以下是相关内容：

Speech at the 7th World Expo 2010 Shanghai China Forum

By Vicente Loscertales Secretary General of the International Expositions Bureau(BIE)

November 12, 2009, Beijing 在第七届中国2010年上海世博会国际论坛上的讲话

国际展览局秘书长洛塞泰斯

2009年11月12日

Your excellence Mr.Vice Premier, Your excellence Mayor of Shanghai, Distinguished guests.Friends, Ladies and Gentlemen，尊敬的副总理先生、尊敬的上海市长、各位尊敬的来宾们、朋友们、女士们、先生们：

It is a great honor to share with you some perspectives at the conclusion of this last World Expo Forum.Since China began its preparation work for Shanghai 2010, the organizers have maintained their commitment to organize a yearly forum in cooperation with the BIE.Each forum has achieved its stated objectives and has supported the preparation work for Expo 2010, especially as it pertains to the development of the theme.能够在这一届论坛结束之际和大家分享一些我的看法，我感到非常荣幸。自中国开始为上海世博准备以来，组织者一直履行着自己的承诺：每年都要和国际展览局一起举办一届这样的论坛。这些论坛都实现了既定目标，而且也支持了世博筹备工作，特别是在主题发展方面作出了很大的贡献。

At the same time, with each forum, the Expo has forged new beneficial connections with other host cities, and has strengthened the partnership with the BIE.I am especially grateful to the organizers for their cooperation with the BIE which has contributed to reinforce our friendship and mutual trust.This has contributed to improve the preparation work for the Expo, and to make our organization stronger.In this last forum, we have heard complete and compelling presentations of the exhibitions, the events and the forums that Expo Shanghai has in store for us.For this reason, I suggest that we project ourselves beyond the actual event and reflect on what Shanghai 2010 means for the future of Expos and of the BIE.与此同时，随着每一届论坛的召开，上海世博会和其他世博主办城市建立了新的、有益的关系，同时也加强了和组织者合作的关系，我特别感谢上海世博会组织者和国际展览局的合作，这将会不断推动我们相互之间的友谊和互信，同时它也对世博会作出了很大的贡献，使得所有的组织更加强大。在最后的论坛中，我们听到了有关于上海世博会的各种展览、活动及论坛相关报告，因此我觉得我们不仅仅要看上海世博会本身，而且要看一下对于上海世博会、对于我们的世博会及国际展览局的未来意味着什么。

The title of this forum could not have been more appropriate.The objective of Building the Future City with Global Wisdom is implicit in the mission of Expos.However, in the coming years, it must become a more explicit and overarching goal of Expos and an integral part of the roadmap for the strategy of the BIE.我们是有着一百多个国家参与的组织，这届论坛的主题非常合适。“凝聚全球智慧，共创城市未来”，这个主题隐含在过去这些年来世博的使命当中，在未来它必须变得更加清晰，对于国际展览局的路线和战略来说它也是内在的部分和重要的目标。

There is no better time and no better place than Shanghai 2010 to launch this reflection.The time is right because cities are emerging as key players in the global stage in two respects.Cities are becoming more and more influential in the world stage.Cities are ultimately responsible for the implementation of policies and solutions involving quality of life, cultural diversity, economic strength and social advancement.For this reason, today they are at the center of the global efforts to enhance urban environments, and therefore quality of life.In this context, where cities are emerging as stronger and stronger players, Expos are becoming instruments that support a city’s differentiation amongst its peers.2010年在上海举办世博会是最为合适的，城市在全球舞台上越来越重要，体现在两方面，城市在全球舞台上越来越有影响力，要由城市提供很多解决办法，比如在文化多样性、经济实力以及社会发展方面的，这一天我们听到了很多相关内容，正因为这个原因，城市正是全球加强环境和提高生活质量的努力的中心。在这一背景之下，城市变得越来越强大、越来越重要，世博可以成为支持城市差异化的非常好的工具。Through its theme, cultural diversity, new technologies, urban and cultural renewal, the Expo offers a platform that gives new breadth and depth to a city’s identity.Shanghai 2010 will catalyze the energies and the visions of the world on how to build the future cities with global wisdom, and will show how the Expo directly supports the city’s endeavor in influencing the global dialogue and dynamics in the area of the theme.通过世博的主题、文化多样性、新技术和振兴，世博可以成为一个很好的平台给予城市身份认同以新的宽度和广度，而上海世博将会进一步激发世界能量和愿景，通过汇聚全球智慧就如何建立更好的城市展开讨论。

The place is right for three related reasons.Because of the combination of the size, the rapid development of a relatively young megalopolis and, finally, the millenary tradition of China, Shanghai, like no other city, embodies the different challenges faced by the majority of cities in the world.Shanghai is also the first Expo to take place in the developing world.This makes it a well suited venue to bring together diverse experiences and build the bridges that will help improve the cities of tomorrow.Finally, China is demonstrating an outstanding ability to leverage its Expo as a means to shape its image abroad, to pursue major educational campaigns and to cement its cooperation ties with a variety of international players.为什么这么说呢？有三个原因，因为上海的规模和它的迅速发展，再加上中国几千年的历史，相比其他城市而言，上海面临的挑战也是大多数城市所面临的不同挑战，就像前面有发言者提到的，上海世博是第一届发展中国家举办的世博，在这里我们可以看到各种多样性经验，我们要建立相应的桥梁、改善未来的城市，除此之外，中国可以以世博作为载体进一步提升它在海外的形象，并且可以进一步加强和巩固一系列与国际方面的关系、合作。

As the global community looks to connect developed and developing world, East and West, North and South, rich and poor, urban and rural environments, past and future, Shanghai这是一个庄严的决定，不论是什么困难，我们已承诺要彼此仁慈地相爱。

You have both made your decision today – “I will” – and by making this new relationship, you have aligned yourselves with what we believe is the way in which life is spiritually evolving, and which will lead to a creative future for the human race.今天你们两人都做出了“我愿意”这个决定，通过建立这个新的关系，你们让自己与我们所相信的保持一致-生命是精神的成长，将会为人类带来一个有创意的未来。

We stand looking forward to a century which is full of promise and full of peril.Human beings are confronting the question of how to use wisely a power that has been given to us through the discoveries of the last century.We shall not be converted to the promise of the future by more knowledge, but rather by an increase of loving wisdom and reverence, for life, for the earth and for one another.我们共同期待着一个既充满希望又充满危险的世纪，通过上个世纪的发现，人类面临着如何智慧的运用赋予我们手中权力的问题，我们不会靠更多的知识而转变成未来的希望，而是通过对生命、大地、以及彼此的爱的智慧和崇敬。Marriage should transform, as husband and wife make one another their work of art.It is possible to transform as long as we do not harbour ambitions to reform our partner.There must be no coercion if the Spirit is to flow;each must give the other space and freedom.Chaucer, the London poet, sums it up in a pithy phrase: 婚姻是应该令人改变的，只要这种改变是建立在夫妻将对方成为自己的艺术作品。婚姻是可以改变的人的，只要我们不要有去改造对方的雄心。精神的成长绝对不是靠强制，每个人必须给予对方空间和自由。伦敦的诗人乔叟，在诗中写道： “Whan maistrie [mastery] comth, the God of Love anon, Beteth his wynges, and farewell, he is gon.”

As the reality of God has faded from so many lives in the West, there has been a corresponding inflation of expectations that personal relations alone will supply meaning and happiness in life.This is to load our partner with too great a burden.We are all incomplete: we all need the love which is secure, rather than oppressive, we need mutual forgiveness, to thrive.由于在西方很多人淡忘了上帝这样的现实，从而产生了对两性关系相应膨胀的期望，希望两性关系能提供生活的意义与幸福。这会给我们的伴侣带来巨大的负担。我们都不完整：我们都需要安全而不是压抑的爱，我们需要相互宽恕，共同成长。As we move towards our partner in love, following the example of Jesus Christ, the Holy Spirit is quickened within us and can increasingly fill our lives with light.This leads to a family life which offers the best conditions in which the next generation can practise and exchange those gifts which can overcome fear and division and incubate the coming world of the Spirit, whose fruits are love and joy and peace.遵循着耶稣.基督的榜样，当我们心怀仁慈走向我们的伴侣时，圣灵在我们之中增长，我们的生活会越来越充满光明。这会为下一代提供最佳的家庭生活条件，在这种条件下，下一代能够训练和交换那些能够克服恐惧和分裂才能，并培养未来世界的精神，这精神成果是爱、欢乐与和平。

I pray that all of us present and the many millions watching this ceremony and sharing in your joy today, will do everything in our power to support and uphold you in your new life.And I pray that God will bless you in the way of life that you have chosen, that way which is expressed in the prayer that you have composed together in preparation for this day: 我祈祷今天所有在场的以及观看今天仪式并分享欢乐的亿万人民，都能尽其所能支持你们的新生活。我也祈祷上帝能够保佑你们，使你们所选择的生活正如你们之前写下的祈祷一样美满：

God our Father, we thank you for our families;for the love that we share and for the joy of our marriage.我们的天父，我们感谢您赐予我们彼此的家庭，相互的爱情以及幸福的婚姻。In the busyness of each day keep our eyes fixed on what is real and important in life and help us to be generous with our time and love and energy.让我们在忙碌的每一天中，将目光放在生命里真实而重要的事情上，指引我们奉献我们的时间、爱与能量。

Strengthened by our union help us to serve and comfort those who suffer.We ask this in the Spirit of Jesus Christ.Amen.让我们结合并增强力量，指引我们去服务与安慰那些受苦的人。我们以耶稣基督的精神祈祷。阿门。

第二篇：口译词汇

口译词汇

Health and Diseases 卫生机构

世界卫生组织 World Health Organization 卫生部 Ministry of health 综合医院 general hospital 专科医院 specialized hospital 儿童医院 children’s hospital 产科医院 maternity hospital 整形外科医院 plastic surgery hospital 精神医院mental hospital 肿瘤医院 tumor hospital 诊所 clinic

医院科室

内科(internal)medical department 外科 surgical department 妇产科 department of gynecology and obstetrics 小儿科 pediatrics department 急诊室 emergency room 挂号处 registration office 住院处admissions office 门诊部 out-patient department/ OPD 住院部in-patient department 护理部 nursing department 手术室 operation room 病房ward 药房 pharmacy

医务人员

院长 director of the hospital 内科医生 physician 内科主任 head of physician 外科医生 surgeon 外科主任 head of surgeon 住院医生 resident doctor 主治医生 attending doctor 产科医生 obstetrician 小儿科医生 pediatrician 护士长 head nurse 实习医生 intern 救死扶伤 save the dying people and rescue the wounded

疾病

先天性疾病 congenital disease 急性病 acute disease 慢性病 chronic disease 流行病 epidemic disease 职业病 occupational disease 传染病 contagious disease 过敏 allergy

小儿麻痹症 polio 阑尾炎 appendicitis 霍乱 cholera 癌症 cancer 糖尿病 diabetes

高血压 high-blood pressure 肥胖症 obesity

支气管炎 bronchitis 哮喘 asthma 关节炎 arthritis

非典型性肺炎 SARS severe acute respiratory syndrome 流感 influenza

甲型流感 A Influenza 禽流感 bird flu

疯牛病 mad-cow disease

口蹄疫 foot-and-mouth disease

手足口病 had-foot-and-mouth disease 尘肺病 black lung disease 狂犬病 rabies 水痘 chickenpox 天花 smallpox 疟疾 malaria

艾滋病 AIDS acquired immune deficiency syndrome

治疗方法

西医 western medicine 量体温 take temperature 量血压 take blood pressure 验血 test blood 血型 blood type 胸透 chest X-ray

全身检查 general check-up 药房 prescription

开药 give sb.a prescription 口服 oral administration

外用 external use 中医Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)/ alternative 计划生育 family planning

提倡优生优育,鼓励晚婚晚育 advocate healthy pregnancy medicine 针灸 acupuncture and moxibustion 草药 herbal medicine 拔火罐 cupping 推拿 massage 气功疗法 traditional Chinese breathing exercises 中西医结合 a combination of Chinese and western medicine 保健

保健食品 health food/health-care food 药酒 medical wine/liquor 人参 ginseng 蜂王浆 royal jelly 疫苗 vaccine 鲜血 donate blood 个人卫生 personal hygiene 免疫力 immunity 治愈率 cure rate 发病率 incidence of a disease 预防为主 put prevention first

Population and family planning 常住人口 permanent population 流动人口 floating population

盲流 the unemployed migrant people 劳动力 labor force 外来工 migrant worker 临时工 seasonal worker 人口普查 census

人口基数 population base 人口稠密 densely populated 人口稀少 sparsely populated 人口爆炸 population explosion 人口过剩 overpopulation 出生率 birth rate 死亡率 mortality rate

自然增长率 natural growth rate 人口老化 aging of population 合法婚龄 legal age for marriage 结婚高峰 marriage boom 生育高峰 baby boom period

and scientific nurture, and encourage late marriage and postponed child-bearing

破除重男轻女习俗 change attitude of viewing sons as better than daughters

多子多福 the more sons, the more blessings 男尊女卑 Man is superior to woman 传宗接代 carry on the family line

养儿防老 bring up sons to support parents in their old age 避孕 contraception

避孕用品 contraceptives 人工流产 abortion 节育 birth control 产妇 lying-in women

婚前检查 premarriage health checkings 孕产妇死亡率 maternal mortality rate 婴儿死亡率 infant mortality rate

节育率（避孕率）contraceptive prevalence rate 总和生育率 total fertility rate(tfr)平均预期寿命 life expectancy at birth

每年人口增加数 annual increment of the population 人口基数大 large population base

平均年增长数 average annual increase 平均年增长率 average annual growth rate 城市化 urbanization

人口流动 movement of population 流动人口 floating population

人口老龄化 the aging of population 更替水平population replacement level 社会保障体系 social security system

农村剩余劳力的转移 the transfer of rural surplus labors 正规的学校教育 formal school education

到去年年末，中国人口已达到11亿8千5百万，比上一年净增长1346万。By the end of last year, the Chinese population had reached 1,185 million, a net increase of 13.34 million from a year ago.计划生育政策符合中国国情，符合整个国家的利益。The family control policy suits China’s basic conditions and serves the interests of the whole nation.sixth nationwide population census 第六次全国人口普查 door-to-door interviews/door-to-door household survey 入户摸底调查

census enumerators 人口普查员 confidentiality agreements 保密协议

Beijing permanent residency/hukou 北京市常住户口 household register 户口登记簿 temporary residence permit 暂住证

local permanent residence permit 长期居住证 mobile population流动人口 aging of population 人口老龄化 demographic dividend 人口红利

rural left-behind population 农村留守人口 urban population 城镇人口 rural population 农村人口

functional population zones人口功能区 birth rate/natality rate 出生率 births 出生人数 birth peaks 出生高峰 mortality rate 死亡率

general mortality rate 总死亡率 infant mortality rate 婴儿死亡率

sex-age-specific death rate 分性别年龄死亡率 mean age at death平均死亡年龄 average length of life平均寿命 natural growth 人口自然增长

NPG(negative population growth)人口负增长 ZPG(zero population growth)人口零增长 annual growth rate 年增长率

average annual rate of growth平均年增长率 vital index 出生死亡比例 vital statistics 人口统计

age-sex composition 年龄性别组成 age structure 年龄结构 age group 年龄组

expectation of life平均预期寿命

rejuvenation of population 人口年轻化 sex ratio 性比率

sampling survey 抽样调查 random sampling 随机抽样 questionaire 调查表 place of birth 出生地 date of birth 出生日期 sampling error 抽样误差 migration 迁居

emigration 迁出、移居国外 immigration 迁入、移居入境 migrant 移民

internal migration 国内迁移 migration rate 迁移率

Education and Talents

School Personal and organs

小学一、二年级学生 a primary school student in Grade One/ a second-grade pupil

中学初

一、高三学生 a(secondary school)student in Junior One/ Senior Three

一年级大学生 freshman 二年级大学生 sophomore 三年级大学生 junior student 四年级大学生 senior student

研究生 a graduate student/ a postgraduate student 向某人授予学位 confer a degree on sb.走读生 a day student/ a non-resident student 应届毕业生 graduating student 学生会 the students’ union

班主任 the teacher in charge of the class/ the Head Teacher of the class

访问学者 a visiting scholar 硕士生导师 tutor

博士生导师 supervisor/ adviser 院士 academician

两院院士 academician of Chinese Academy of Science and Chinese Academy of Engineering

School activities

教书育人 impart knowledge and educate people

学生交付 alleviate/ lighten the burden of the students 教学大纲 the reaching program/ syllabus 批改学生的卷子 to correct students’ papers 期中考试 the mid-term exam

我们语法测试了 We took a test in/ on grammar.口试、笔试 oral exam/ written exam 给考卷打分 to mark the papers

他正忙于毕业设计、写论文 He is busy with his graduation project/ paper

文凭、毕业证书 a diploma/ a graduation certificate 学生证 the student’s identity card 补考 make-up exam

学校纪律 school discipline

奖状、奖励证书 a certificate merit 他旷了一节课 He cut a class.他逃学 He cut school.他被学校开除了 He was expelled from school.他擅自旷课 He was absent from school without leave.给他一个警告处分 give him a disciplinary warning 学费，书费 tuition/ money spent on books

Schools, universities and subjects 托儿所 a nursery 幼儿园 a kindergarten 北大附中 Middle School attached/ affiliated to Peking University 大专 a junior college 高等院校 institutions of higher education/ higher learning 重点、非重点大学 a key/ a non-key university 成人夜校 a night school/ an evening school for adults 函授学校 a correspondence school 远程教育 distance education/learning 专升本 upgrade from associate degree to bachelor’s degree 中等专业学校 a secondary specialized school 技工学校 a technical school 职业学校 a vocational school 普及初等、中等教育 achieve universal primary/ secondary education 义务教育 compulsory school 聋哑学校 a school for deaf-mutes 幼儿师范学校 a school for kindergarten teachers 护士学校 a nursing school 舞蹈学校 a dancing school 戏剧学校 a drama school 文科大学 universities of liberal arts 理工科大学 universities of science and engineering 必修课 compulsory class 选修课 optional/ elective class 招生简章 prospectus/ enrolment catalogue 准考证 exam admission card

Hot issues in educations 普及九年制义务教育 make the nine-year compulsory education universal 民办学校 schools run by non-governmental sectors 自学考试 examination for self-taught students 学分制 credit system 应试教育 exam-oriented education

素质教育 quality-oriented education 实践能力 practical ability

大学生创业 university students start up their own business 自费留学 self-funded study abroad

海外留学人员 Chinese students and scholars studying abroad

托福热降温了 the TOEFL fever has cooled down.考研 take part in the entrance examination for graduate/ postgraduate schools

考研热 craze for graduate school

大专生 a junior college student;associate-degree student 在职博士生 an on-the-job doctorate

硕博连读 a continuous academic project involves postgraduate and doctoral study

同等学力 have the same educational level 双学位 double degree

特困生 the most needy student

担任系学生会干部 serve as an official of the departmental school union

担任校学生会宣传部部长 be the Head of the Publicity Department of the university’s student union

通过大学英语四级考试 pass the College English Test Band 4

获六级证书 obtain a certificate of CET-6

被评为“三好学生” be cited as “three-good student” 获三等奖学金 be awarded the third-class scholarship 召开家长会 to hold a parent-teacher meeting

双向选择 two-way selection(with employers and graduating students choosing each other in a job market)

世界观，人生观，价值观 world outlook/ outlook on life/ outlook on values

陶冶情操 cultivate taste and temperament

因材施教 teach students according to their aptitude 知识经济 knowledge economy 知识密集 knowledge intensive 伪科学 pseudo-science

招生就业指导办公室 enrollment and vocation guidance office

人才流失 brain drain

人才交流 talents exchange 职业培训 job training

211工程 211 Project for higher education

科教兴国 rejuvenate China through science and education 复合型人才 inter-disciplinary talent 勤工助学 work-study 师资力量 the quality of teaching staff 品学兼优 excellent in character and learning

经济类

1.出租车起步价 flag down fare 2.法定准备金率 required reserve ratio 3.实体经济 real economy 虚拟经济 fictitious economy 4.反盗版 anti-piracy

知识产权 intellectual property rights 5.出口退税 tax rebates

人民币升值 the yuan’s appreciation 6.信贷紧缩 credit crunch

次贷危机 subprime mortgage rate 最优惠贷款利率 prime rate 7.经济适用房 economically affordable house 8.安居工程 housing project for low-income urban residents 9 住房保障制度 housing security system 10.大宗交易系统 block trading system 竞价交易系统 bid trading system 11.暴利税 windfall tax 12.从紧的货币政策 tight monetary policy 13.宽松的货币政策 easy monetary policy 14.审慎的财政政策 prudent fiscal policy 15.油价飙升 oil prices surge 16.原油价飙升 crude oil prices surge 17.石油输出国组织 organization of the petroleum exporting countries(OPEC)18.原油储备 crude oil stockpiles 19.轻质原油 light sweet crude 20.使人均GDP翻两番 to quadruple per capita GDP 21.股权收购、股权投资 stake purchase;take stakes 22.房屋中介 letting agent 保险经纪人 insurance agent 地产经纪人 estate agent 23.直销 direct selling 传销 pyramid selling 24.吃回扣 to take/receive/get kickback 25.洗钱 money laundering 26.透支 overdraft 27.股市牛年 bullish year 28.上市子公司 listed subsidiary

29.海关税收 customs revenue 30.税收减免 tax break 31.货币升值 revaluation

32.货币经纪人 money broker 33.起征点 cutoff point 34.暴发户；新贵 upstart

35.养老保险 endowment insurance 36.解雇金 severance pay 37.勾销债款 write off 38.职员总数 headcount 39.逃税 tax evasion

40.公开募款 initial public offering

41.战略石油储备 strategic petroleum reserve 42.基准点，衡量标准 benchmark 43.出口补贴 export subsidy 44.反托拉斯 anti—trust

45.资产负债表 balance sheet 46.货存，库存量 inventory 47.反倾销 antidumping

48.不足，赤字，差额 shortfall

49.美国联邦储备系统 Federal Reserve 50.资本净值 net worth

香炉 incense burner 八仙桌 square table

王母娘娘 the Queen of Heaven 银河 the Milky Way

因公殉职 perish in the line of duty 药检；兴奋剂检查 doping test 压力锅 pressure cooker

终点裁判员 finishing [placing] judge 救生衣 life vest

泄洪 release flood waters 代理市长 acting mayor 枪支管控 gun control 搁浅 run aground 马赛克 digital mosaic

第三篇：口译学习心得

学习口译的小结

学习口译课程的收获：

口译课程对于我们是一个全新的挑战，初接触时觉得过程甚是艰难。经过一个学期的学习与磨合，我在听译方面能的能力有了些提高，虽然事实上还只是知道了些皮毛而已。

从口译的基本理论知识上，明白了什么是口译、口译的特点、口译的类型等等；从课堂上的练习上，听辨信息能力、辨音能力也得到了提高；从老师教授的学习方法上，明白了如何进行口译记忆与记录口译笔记等。所授所学十分的丰富，可实际的接受能力又是因人而异的。

个人在口译学习上的问题：

首要的问题是听力，这是我的弱项之一。课堂一直都在训练，毕竟时间有限。知道这只能是个人的问题。老师也只能耳提面命，要加强这方面的训练呀。因此也常常觉得对老师有种愧疚感。

第二，记忆方面。听的时候，脑子要记，笔头也要记。对于手脑平衡思维不够的，还真是个大麻烦。

第三，则是翻译。在听的时候，所有接受到的信息，需要在短时间安内经过逻辑思维，以清晰的语言组织出来。这需要有较好的母语表达能力以及广博的知识。总而言之，这是个复杂的过程。口译对口译工作者的要求很高。扎实的语言基础、较强的记忆力、较好的表达能力、良好的心理素质等都是口译员应该具备的素质。

建议；

一、避免制造紧张的氛围，因为会导致同学们的思维混乱，口齿不清。也需要提高同学们的心理素质。

二、可以设置口译模拟。让同学们互相合作。在犯错误的过程中，我们会学会思考，进而容易接受。

作为个人，也许将来我不是从事口译员的工作，我相信今天所学的知识在潜移默化中对我是很有助益的。在今后，我会加强对自身的管理，为将来的可能口译机会做准备。

谢谢老师！

第四篇：口译学习方法

各位大家好

我就是jacky，那个帖子《我如何用一年考上欧盟口译司》一文的作者。我一直都想把这种系统的方法能够通过一个很好的方式传递给其他人，让更多的人找到梦想，发现真谛。所以，我和朋友们一起集中智慧，起草了下面的这个操作的原则和程序，算作是一次大型的免费口译培训，希望你能够看懂，如果有什么问 题，可以回帖，如果没有，就可以直接开始了，一共六个月的进程，如果你能严格执行下来，考上二级口译应该没问题 1 分为6个不同的阶段，也就是6个月，到什么阶段，达到什么程度 2 在论坛上法帖，监督自己学习，也接受别人的监督，3 完成了一个阶段，给负责人发邮件，才可以收到下一阶段的学习指示，所以大家必须要学习后在论坛上发帖，证明你每天都在学习，我们的方法，只能提供给真正热爱的朋友。4 办一个经验口译员解答专栏。稍候我们会开通这个服务 7 有关学习的具体进程：

第一个月: 模仿新闻1h + 新闻精听 2h 基本上听新闻同类话题可以大致理解

第二个月：（该月学习计划将在前一个计划结束后给你）新闻听力一次准确理解大约50-60%，语言能力得到增长，语音有所转变

第三个月：（该月学习计划将在前一个计划结束后给你）新闻听力一次准确理解大约70-80%，基本上达到语言的运用有了一定积累，新闻听力一次准确理解大约80-90%，语言运用比较正规，能够用新闻和标准的语言来表述一些复杂论点，开始笔记练习

第五个月:（该月学习计划将在前一个计划结束后给你）新闻听力进入快速阶段，越来越好。语言能力继续提升，笔记基本上能够纪录短时间的文章

第六个月：（该月学习计划将在前一个计划结束后给你）新闻听力达到接近2倍速，语言运用比较完整，笔记基本上能够应付一般场合可以参加二级口译考试，并且通过（严格按照所说的程序的情况下）。其中1h，2h，均指一个小时，或者两个小时，也就是每次学习时间长度，每天的学习内容是一定的，但是具体什么时候，这个可以自由安排

请大家注意，如果你真地想要紧紧依靠在线学习成功的话，请务必按照我们的步骤来做，这些都是我实践之后得出的一些规律，希望大家不要倒行逆施。你每天都必须要写每一个涉及学习项目的心得，否则的话，我们认为你没有在学习。

各个学习课程的具体程序，以下程序都可在电脑上完成，并且建议使用其中提到的标准表格，所以最好能够有个便携式电脑：

标准表格下载：

每日精听具体程序,时间120：

一）下载新闻资料（包括文本和音频）

如果你没有问题了，就可以开始踏上自己孤独的征服口译的历程了！！

进入第一个阶段：

第一个月: 模仿新闻1h + 新闻精听 2h + 实用英语口译教程 1h篇二：口译学习方法 if youre just beginning to explore interpretation as a career choice, the first thing you need to know is that with simultaneous interpretation, youre multitasking like crazy.you listen to what the speaker says, wait a second or two, interpret what they said while at the same time listen to what the speaker says next and remember that so you can interpret that segment correctly when youre done with the current one your working on!thats why a simultaneous interpreter needs at least a 5 minute break for every hour of interpretation.so in order to improve your skills, you need to be able to multitask on a high level.the very first step then is to do something called shadowing.shadowing is repeating what the speaker says word for word in the same language.this will get you used to maintaining the correct delay and will help you listen to what the speaker says while repeating what he/she has just said.the next step is to add another element while your shadowing.this can be something simple like bouncing a ball to yourself or drawing a simple picture while youre shadowing.what this does is get your brain used to doing multiple things at once.the goal is to get to where youre doing things on a subconscious level because if you have to think while you interpret, youll be dead in the water.finally, when you can do multiple things while shadowing(in both languages), its time to add in the actual interpretation.it is a jump to go from shadowing to full-fledged interpretation, but the shadowing part is necessary to help you get a feel for the super-linguistic phenomenon youll encounter in the actual interpretation, such as the speed of different speakers, how much you can delay, and endurance.the great thing about practicing simultaneous interpretation is that you can do it anywhere.while youre driving, tune your radio to talk radio and shadow what the host and callers say.while exercising with your ipod, listen to some podcasts and practice shadowing or interpreting what is being said.shadowing while exercising is definitely multitasking!just remember that even though interpretation is difficult, it is a skill that can be learned after a lot of practice, so if youre willing to stick to it, you will reach your goals.as part of our degree training, we did a couple of interpreter training exercises to get a feel for what it was like to interpret.when we did our training, we would go into a small room, listen to a speech played back on a cassette tape, and use that tape to do whatever exercise we were supposed to do that day, whether it was shadowing, or interpreting(or in my case, a sad, sad excuse for interpreting).the one thing about the tapes, though, was that they were cumbersome.it was hard finding the right spot, you couldnt easily go back and go over a spot you wanted to try again, and it was difficult if you wanted to record yourself trying to interpret because that meant you had to deal with two tapes.well, luckily, the internet(and technology in general)has given interpreters some more convenient tools for simultaneous interpreter training.now you dont have to go to a separate room somewhere and use specialized equipment to at least find out if interpreting is something that you like to do or get more advanced training in.as you can see in the video below, the nearly 9 minute-long press conference is entirely in spanish.简历：外交部翻译室

为美国总统奥巴马及米歇尔、副总统丹奎尔/马来西亚总理纳吉/新加坡总理/英国王子/成思危/曾培炎/数十位中外部长大使/萨马兰奇/罗格/朗朗/以及芮成钢、王小丫等主持的大型活动做过同传；曾为北京奥组委近30场新闻发布会做同传；担任广州2010年亚运会50多场决赛赛后新闻发布会口译（与日英、韩英、俄英、阿英译员进行接力交传）。(我对这两个问题的理解。特贴于此，希望对学习口译的朋友有所帮助。问1.一篇材料应该练到什么程度才算是过关？

学生：我比较倾向于细化。常常巴不得把一篇材料中涉及的所有背景知识弄明白，把所有的词汇都列出来，甚至还会对比较难的文章进行翻译，觉得只有这样做才会心安。但这样一来，进度就会非常慢。而且一篇翻译过的文章应该就不再适合同传练习了，因为我已经知道讲者的内容，没有新鲜感了。有人认为可先同传一遍，听自己的录音，然后再对文本进行交传。但是有时吃得太透不被鼓励。我现在的搭档非常非常刻苦，这对我来说是一件求之不得的事情，但是这位同学似乎更注重于练习时间的长度与材料的篇数，而对准确度要求不太高。在这个程度的把握上，我有些不知所措。

汤的理解： 1.没有任何一点疑问了才算过关，也就是100%吃透。这样要求看似不合理，实际是必须的，尽管有难度。试想：真正的口译现场千变万化的、无法预测讲话具体内容和讨论边界，各种知识永远不够用。是不是？所以平时练习应该做到都搞透，自己上网、搭档互助、请教老师（注意：知识面的东西，像海洋，往往老师也不能当面给你答案，所以要在实在无法获得答案的情况下再请教老师，并给老师解答的时间，比如给其发邮件，老师解决问题的经验丰富，他或她也可以请教其同事好友，或查阅相关网络或资料，最终也许能给你解答。总之不篇三：中级口译相关学习方法

中级口译考试笔试题型分值一栏 发布时间：2006年8月21日

中级口译考试笔试项目一览表（及格分：150）卷别 序号 题号 1-20 1 第一 阶段 1-7 c: listening translation 主观听译 7 30 12 项目名称 听力 a：spot dictation 题型 忠实填空

题数 计分 20 30 比重 % 36 12 40 时间(分钟)2 3 4 合计

英译汉 汉译英

单选 主观翻译 主观翻译 30 1 1 89 60 50 50 250 24 20 20 100 50 30 30 150 中级口译考试口试项目一览表（主观判断及格分）

卷别 序号 题号 第二 阶段 1 2 1 1-16 项目名称 口语 口译

题型 主观 主观

题数 1 16 考试时间（分钟）

:1.下个月上旬也就是2009年3月14日，我要参加上海市中级口译笔试部份的考试。听力我想问题不大，现在我也在听写“中口”的听力资料。阅读有些问题，我明显感到时间不够而且看得有些一知半解，错误率挺高。它的要求是在五十分钟内读6篇文章，平均下来一篇也就留给考生8分钟左右的时间，而且篇幅很长词汇量也挺多的。

虽然special english的文章很简单没什么难度，但平时我也会买一份shanghai daily 看看，里面的文章也挺好理解的。可为什么“中口”里的文章看得却令人发晕，或许是里面存在着许多“因、转、并、比”的逻辑关系。在您的讲座中强调阅读也要一字一字“抠”，力求字字懂，句句懂。可考试只有五十分钟，时间不允许啊！另外新东方教口译的老师推荐的一种方法是：选重点的读。也就是跳过“分词在句首的句子、引语、插入语、例子„..”，只读专家的话，转折强调词以后的句子„..。对此我就比较困惑了，阅读到底该怎么“读”，您能否帮我指点一下。2.“中口”考试中汉译英的考题都是些政治性很强的文章，如：“我国首次月球探测工程的成功，实现了中华民族的千年奔月梦想，并开始了中国人走向深空探索宇宙奥秘的时代，标志着我国已经进入世界具有探测能力的国家行列。这是我国推进自主创新、建设创新型国家取得的又一标志性成果，是中华民族在攀登世界科技高峰征程上实现的又一历史性跨越，是中华民族为人类和平并发利用外层空间作出的又一重大贡献。全体中华儿女都为我们伟大祖国取得的这一辉煌成就感到骄傲和自豪！”我现在的水平只能背一背special english里的文章，让我翻上述这段文字确实有些困难。怎么办呢？我该如何准备？（提问者：应届毕业生网友，提问时间:2009年03月30日）

答: 长篇巨制的问题，问得好不辛苦！呵呵 做阅读是很泛泛的了，建立在一定英语水平上才谈得上“技巧”，首先，从应试的角度，不需要也不可能看通每篇文章。时间有限，先看题目，然后略读全文，把握主旨，然后到文中找关键字，重点读和问题相关的句子，其他的只好扫一眼过去了。如果像你分析的那样“精读”，恐怕15分钟也搞不定。至于翻译，更是与语言基础相关，中级口译，翻译并不难的，所以你记住，表达出意思，基本分就有了。政治类经济类的也不难，你会背书，为什么不看翻译书，那本书上尽是这些与时俱进，开拓创新之类的套话，背出来，问题就解决了。中级口译不会让你翻译类似文言文的，最重要的意

思表达出来，要想翻译得高分，比听力阅读难得多了。长难句如果翻译有困难，把它拆开，平时要留心英语中老长的句子，多加分析，很快自己就会翻译的。好吧，加油吧。祝你好运

推荐：

重点阅读editorial和feature这种文体，文体特点：实效性、争议性

杂志national geographic 电子光盘discovery 看盘的方法：听原声看英文字幕 口试有一定难度，首先你要加强自己的口语和听力能力，这点是硬的，谁都没办法给你提供捷径。

然后，你要会速记。因为音带速度很快，一些关键性的词语很容易漏掉而因此失分，很不值。这里有一点很重要，你要学会提炼关键词，把没用的句子剔除。不然时间会来不及的。最后，就是口译词汇的背诵了，因为和常用词汇不同，比较官方。所以，一定要事先有一定的词汇量，这样才不怕听不懂，说不出。

我就是这么学口译的，至于有什么书么。一个是 梅德明教授的教材是最关键的，还有昂立的中口必备是不错的参考书，建议你去买一本看看。希望我的回答能给你的学习有所帮助！！

多练,听原版英语,做真题.第一，去学一点简单的速记 第二，多听多翻多练。

第三，全方面提高自己的英语水平，比如多看英文报纸，原版碟等等。推荐：shanghai star，轻松有趣的一份报纸

把那本口译书背出来，我就是这么过的。

其它回答(3)多练,听原版英语,做真题.第一，去学一点简单的速记 第二，多听多翻多练。

第三，全方面提高自己的英语水平，比如多看英文报纸，原版碟等等。推荐：shanghai star，轻松有趣的一份报纸

把那本口译书背出来，我就是这么过的。

准备四本教材《中级口语教程》，《中级翻译教程》，《中级口译教程》，《中级听力教程》，将上面所有的词汇全都背上，课文最好也能背上，考试前2个月写真题，中级挺好过的，祝你考个好成绩！

笔译部分的话，将需要买的那几本书看一看，其中听力要多练练，特别是听译句子和段落，翻译那本书比较不错，要精读，如果你底子还不错的话，估计就差不多了，口译要等笔试过了才报名，到时候在准备吧！加油，好运！

中级口译口试该如何准备？

本文作者：汪亮 悄无声息间，上海中高级口译考试迎来了第十二个年头，而这十二年也见证了口译考试从最初的不为人所知，到普遍接受，再到如今 ” 满城尽报中高口 ” 热潮的点点滴滴。从历年中级口译第二部分的考试情况来看，难度逐年加大。这种难度不仅仅反映在单词，句型的复杂程度，而且反映在句子的长度上。此外，考试中对于考生需要掌握的背景知识的深度也是 2000 年之前难以想象的。下面，笔者就结合在上海新东方中级口译班上的教学经验，针对如何备考 2007 年口译第二阶段口试给广大考生提一些建议，希望能够对大家有所帮助。第二阶段口试共分两部分。一是三分钟的英语命题口语，二是四段口译：二段英译中、二段中译英。第一部分，即三分钟口语，要求考生用英文表达自己对于所给题目的观点，要求观点清晰，论据充足，表达流利，语法正确。从考试的普遍情况来看，说不满三分钟是很多考生最终失败的主要原因。其根源就在于考生平时忽视了对于这个部分的练习，总以为考前背几个主题方面的句子或者段落就可以解决问题。其实不然。因为口语的内容五花八门，包罗万象，不是简简单单背几个段落就可以的。这需要考生平时长期系统的口语练习。

笔者拙见，考生首先应扩充自己的知识面，尽量能够多阅读报刊，杂志，多听多看新闻，把握住最新的时事动态。原因很明显，第二部分口试对于时事的考核是非常多的，很多考生其实有不错的词汇量和口语表达能力，但是由于对某个主题，尤其是自己平时不太熟悉的主题缺乏了解，导致在考试中出现无话可说的窘境，而其结果只能是和两位考官“相顾无言，惟有泪千行。”与其考前临时抱佛脚，不如平时苦炼内功。考生可以每天准备一个主题，按照论点，论据，论证，结论的步骤来进行阐述，尽量控制在三分钟以内。一般来说，一个月之内，就会得到初步的效果。实际上，在考试中，只要考生能够流利的用英语对一个主题表达一分到一分二十秒钟的时间就已经足够了。篇四：初级口译学习方法

初级口译学习方法 佳域通翻译公司提供

毋庸置疑，学好英语是非常有重要的，而能够说英语才是最终目的，译网天下总结了一下初级口译的学习方法，给初级口译学员提供一点参考。

第一、模拟

模拟是最好的提供口语能力的方法之一，通过多模拟电影、电视或以英语为母语的人的语音和语调来提高自己的口语能力。

第二、朗读

要想提高口语能力，一定要大声的把英文读出来，而且要带有意识的去模拟母语朗读也可以说是第二模拟，所以也需要有意识地以磁带里的语音、语调去朗读。在朗读时，可以把自己的声音录下来，认真听一听，并进行比较，找出差距，发现自己的弱点。

第三、复述

复述是在模拟、朗读之后的一个再创作的过程，它比背诵要难。可以尽量用自己的话复述朗读、听过的或阅读过的，也可以完全摆脱原文，组织、创作材料内容。对于程度较差的人，可以先复述原文的中心思想，一句、两句话即可。然后，由少至多。复述是在没有人对话的情况下提高口语最有效的途径之一。

第四、背诵

练习口语不免背诵一些东西，但很多人不喜欢背诵。不过，背诵一些名篇偶是非常有必要的.基础较差的人一定要背诵一些常用的句型和表达方式。

第五，坚持用英语写日记。用英语写日记无论是对提高口语还是提高英语其他方面的能力都是一个行之有效的好方法

毋庸置疑，学好英语是非常有重要的，而能够说英语才是最终目的，译网天下总结了一下初级口译的学习方法，给初级口译学员提供一点参考。篇五：无敌英语口译学习方法

用一年时间从六级水平到考上欧盟口译司！gre词汇竟然六小时背一遍！un 和美国白宫会议变成2倍速度做泛听 基本一次听懂！发现2.5倍速是人听力速度反弹极限 目前在练习！我们还有多少借口继续堕落呢？？？ 来源： 曹圣瞾的日志

请大家别再留言了 别再加我好友了 太多网友我就看不到自己朋友的新鲜事了！喜欢的话就分享吧！谢谢大家了！很多人喜欢我转载的文章 来加我好友 其实我文章为了分享给更多人都是所有人可见 所以不加我也可以在主页看到的！

我的网名叫做jacky，大学在青岛市念书，4年，中国海洋大学的计算机科学与技术。我并不象很多人那样关注现在的流行，超级女声，快乐男声，加油！好男儿，李宇春，张靓颖或者周笔畅，我甚至可能也不知道谁是全国7进6，8进7，我可能还不知道有关满城尽带黄金甲，巩俐和章子怡的最新消息，可是我却知道第六轮六方会谈的结果，我也知道中国暴雨洪灾的后果，受灾地区，我还有着一段值得人驻足的一段经历。

毕业之后工作两年，辞职孤单一人来到北京准备考研。

当初准备的是北外的高翻学院，也就是大家俗称的同传专业。但是那时候除了看的是同传的高薪之外，还有自己提高自己的英语水平。

我一开始，英语程度也就是6级，但是经常锻炼口语，所以交流很流畅。这是我惟一的优势，其他的，没有工作，计算机专业，看来都不是什么好事情。可是我有着很多人没有的一样东西。那就是坚定的毅力。这样是我后来能够成功被录取的最重要的一点。

从那年1月开始，我认真准备，但是当时对于高翻没有清晰的概念，所以很幼稚的觉得，把一套新东方推荐的60篇文章背诵下来，然后背诵gre词汇就可以解决问题了。结果，大概一个月之后，发现语言运用能力的确有所提高，但是要是参加考试远远不够，因为那时候开始接触<经济学家>，发现根本看不懂。于是在网络上疯狂的搜索和高翻相关的内容，论坛，网站，blog等等，也开始获得了大量的信息。其中几个重要的网站在这里推荐一下： 如果你想要找一个最综合的口译资料资源练习方法的网站，就去这里看看

（口译天下/）如果你要考北外，那么究一定要经常到北外专门的校内网去看看最新的消息，还有很多牛人在哪里发帖，北外星光： /）

这些是主要的一些论坛，接下来我说自己的努力过程的时候会提高他们的用处

为了能够清晰明了的说明我自己的努力过程，我把自己针对每一个考试所必需掌握的技能，进行的练习列出来：

英语基础------中英互译新概念3，4册，新东方精选60篇文章，张培基散文50篇，实用口译教程全部，现代汉英口译教程，现代汉英口译教程练习册，然后熟练背诵，这一共7本书！其实还有很多其他的我背诵了只有2-3遍的，就不想提了。这些书腰背诵至少3-4遍，我自己背诵了大概有10遍左右，之后总结当中重要的，自己不熟练的句型，词组等等，要针对自己。

听力------这个是我自己感到最重要的，为了锻炼听力，我找到了普特论坛，并且严格的每天跟着一起训练，方法大家都可以在论坛上找到。每天听写bbc，因为voa太简单，大概一个月左右就可以完全听懂。所以我一直坚持精听bbc直到那年9月份，我找到了一个软件，可以把音频变速，叫做nv player，大家搜索，可以找到并且免费下载，其他的软件我也尝试了，但是基本上都还是声音会失真，但是这个软件只会加快速度，声音不会失真。之后我开始把bbc变速听，变到1。1，1。2，，，最后倒了2倍速，你听起来这个变速可能没有什么大不了的，但是当你真正的用这个软件开始听的时候，才发现，就算是从1。1跳到1。2你都会有很多东西突然间就听不懂了，与此同时，我还每天下载联合国网站的会议现场和白宫的会议现场，不断的变速听，而且普特论坛上又各种各样的材料共我选择，我也在不断的精听，精练，倒了10月，我开始精听bbc2倍速，同时开始了我正式的同传练习，是的，我已经可以进行同传了，不过都是同传un的现场，还有白宫的现场，每天都是一个小时左右，大概过了一个月，我开始同传voa新闻，新闻的同传，在同传界是一个忌讳，也就是说没有人去做新闻同传，因为信息集中，密度大，速度太快，挑战太大，但是我很勇敢的接受了挑战，并且开始坚持每天同传新闻，因为我发现un会议和美国白宫的会议太简单了，我每天都会把un 和美国白宫的会议现场变成2倍速来做泛听，基本上一次就可以听懂了。新增国内会外会议视频下载---联合国，白宫，英国议会，中国国家新闻办公室

后来我曾经尝试一次在安南进行的联合国的演讲录像，直接进行同传，基本上对我来说就是放慢镜头！每次听2倍速的作用就显现出来了，因为最后我发现基本上90%的安南演讲内容我都同传出来了。在此期间，我不但坚持锻炼同传新闻voa，并且开始尝试加速同传，也就是把新闻变速到1。3倍速同传，这个的确非常又难度，但是我还是克服了，这需要很多的勇气还有毅力，很多人会问我，你怎么又这样的动力，我说，他们都源自我的梦想，一个心中的梦想，希望能够成为一个语言运用自如的人，运用自己的天分非常自如的人。于是，渐渐的，我到了12月份，已经可以同传voa新闻的1。5倍速了，这个是非常难的，因为速度很快，而你有必须要同时传译，但是这些都造就了我非凡的反映速度，还有我稳定的心理素质，因为，现在我听人们说话，就真的好像在放慢镜头一般。而且12月份的时候我也开始同传cnn，也是1。5倍速，以及npr，但是bbc我还从来没有尝试过，因为bbc我一直都留给自己做每天的精听 在后来，voa的同传我就变速倒了1。7倍速了，但是这已经是今年的事情了。

第五篇：口译考试

3.2中国酒店

中国的酒店按照星级标准划分为一级、二级和三级酒店。

五星级和大多数的四星级酒店属于一级酒店。一级酒店的客房配备了全套浴室，冰箱，电话以及卫星电视。这些酒店都拥有可以通过中央空调设备调节气温的遥控。其他由酒店提供的附属设施包括如商务中心、会议设施、美容室、桑拿浴室、外汇和保龄球中心、迪斯科舞厅、游泳池、健身馆、饭店、咖啡厅、购物中心以及酒吧等，全天24小时开放。

二级酒店大致包括三星级酒店和一些二星级酒店。其客房设施和服务没有达到一级酒店的标准。不过，旅游团通常更乐意选择住二级酒店。

说到设施和服务，三级酒店看起来跟西方国家的汽车旅馆差不多。这些三级酒店的硬件设施自然比起那些二级酒店来是要差一些。但是，这些酒店的费用只需低于二级酒店价格的一半的价格。因此，也广受游客的喜欢。

3.3 史蒂夫 福布斯谈《福布斯》

我祖父20世纪初来到美国。他离开英格兰时身上没什么钱。连他在内兄弟姐妹10人，不过他自小就受到很好的教育。像许多人一样，他也是满怀憧憬和理想来到美国的。他创办了《福布斯》杂志，报道那些实干家，那些改变商业社会的人。

我祖父常说，做生意不是堆积百万财富，而是为带来幸福快乐。如今我们讲到公司、经营，文章中会用到许多数字，但焦点一直放在人上面。对公司来说，最重要的是人，而不是资产负债表。以前我祖父是这样看的，我们现在也是这样看的。

当前的世界信息泛滥，足以将人淹没，人们迫切需要一本刊物来解读这些信息，告诉读者哪些重要，哪些不重要。这就是《福布斯》的价值所在。我们提供额外的视角和判断。我们从不停留于表面，总想看看公司到底是如何经营的，正是当今芜杂繁多的信息使得《福布斯》日益重要。

3.4 Introduction to an arts and crafts company

Distinguished guests, dear friends,I feel honored to have this opportunity to introduce our company to you through the platform provided by this conference.Founded 15 years ago, we are a company specializing in the design, manufacture and sales of handicrafts.Fifteen years ago our staff numbered 50;now the figure is 1,700.Fifteen years ago we rented a facility covering a floor space of 4,500 square meters;now our own facility covers a floor space of 24,000 square meters.These figures speak loudly and clearly of our success.Our leading products are various architectural exotic European cathedrals, the Empire State Building, the White House, and the Pentagon in the U.S., along with cartoon animal toys and Christmas gifts with a variety of designs.Our designs have become trend setters in the industry.Nowadays, our products are sold worldwide in more than twenty countries including Japan, Singapore, Australia, New Zealand, Canada, America, the UK, France, Italy, the Netherlands, Sweden, and Germany.They are well received by both local importers and customers.For fifteen years our output value has manifested an annual growth rate of 30%.4.4 Preserve core values of the Lunar New Year

To people of Chinese descent around the world, the Lunar New Year(also called Spring Festival)is undoubtedly the most important festival of the year.Dating back 3,000 years, it celebrates the passing of a peaceful year and welcomes a new year.The reunion dinner, eaten on New Year’s Eve, is the most special, with members of the extended family gathering for the most significant meal of the year.Even the absent members will endeavor to return home in time for it.It underscores the supreme importance of the family in Chinese culture, and aims at strengthening the sense of togetherness and cohesion.The way people celebrate the New Year embodies two important core values.The first value is the sense of family togetherness;members of multi-generation families are all there to have a big reunion dinner.Everyone will follow this custom.The female members are always held responsible for preparing the dinner, and some rich families may take on extra hands.The second value lies in the happy visits mutually made between friends and relatives, a good way to strengthen kinship and friendship.However, economic development has resulted in some changes in lifestyles.After a busy year, people are tired of preparing for the reunion dinner, and would rather hold their reunion dinner in posh restaurants, despite the exorbitant costs.The festival door-to door visits have given way to New Year greetings via telephone or text messages.Some families even go to such extremes as to travel and seek temporary refuge in a hotel so as to avoid being visited.Some tradition-minded people regard the reunion dinner and visits to relatives and close friends during the New Year as core values, without which the holiday would lose much of its significance.Some pessimists contend that, as the popularity of western culture grows, Chinese traditional festivals gradually lose their original meaning and degenerate into commercial festivals like Christmas.The Spring Festival is an important part of the Chinese cultural heritage, and it will continue to be celebrated.The modes of celebration may change, but the core value should be sustained: that of respect for kinship and friendship.5.2 游览白宫

两百多年来，白宫作为美国总统、美国政府以及美国人民的标志一直屹立在那里。和这个国家的首都的历史一样，白宫的历史开始于1790年12月。华盛顿总统和城市设计师皮埃尔·雷芬一起选择该址作为新的居住地，即现在的宾夕法尼亚大街1600号。

1792年10月，当第一块奠基石造好的时候，白宫的建设就开始了。尽管华盛顿总统监督了白宫的建设，但是他从未入主白宫。直到1800年，也就是白宫临近竣工的时候，第一位入主者约翰·亚当斯总统和他的妻子阿比盖尔搬进了白宫。从那以后，每位入主白宫的总体都会改变原有的装潢或摆设，使得白宫以新面貌出现。

白宫有着极其独特和引人注目的历史。1814年，白宫曾被付之一炬。1929年，白宫的西翼也曾被纵火。白宫的内部全部修复过。尽管如此，其外围石墙就是两百多年前白宫建成时建造的。

在星期二至星期六这段时间的上午，白宫是全面开放的。而星期天和星期一，则不对外开放。所有在白宫内的旅游观光都是免费的。

在游客进入白宫时，通过安全检查后方可携带照相机入内。但是，在白宫内禁止拍照和录像。

9.3 Multivariate family planning policy in China

It has been over two decades since China adopted the Family Planning Policy.However, there still exist misunderstandings about this policy.People mistakenly think that China’s Family Planning Policy equals the One Child Policy, which allows

one couple to have only one child.Their impression is that this policy is implemented more strictly in urban areas: in cities where people are better-off, one couple can have only one child, while in the poor rural areas, one couple can have two or three children.Furthermore, they think that the One Child Policy is the cause of gender imbalance.I will now clarify these misunderstandings.As a matter of fact, the policy adopted in the early 1980s is a multivariate policy called the Family Planning Policy, or the fertility policy.Its multivariate nature can be proved by two facts.First, the total fertility rate in China now stands at 1.8, which means there is more than one child per family in most areas.For example, there is generally only one child in a family in urban areas, but two in rural areas, and three in ethnic minority areas.In some areas, like Tibet, there are no restrictions at all on the number of children a family can have.We can tell from this fact that China’s Family Planning Policy varies in accordance with the economic and social development level of different areas.Secondly, China is seeing an unbalanced sex ratio at birth at the moment.The sex ratio at birth refers to the number of boys born per 100 girls born.This is not the same concept as the sex ratio of the total population.The unbalance is not entirely the result of the Family Planning Policy.I would like to cite two interesting examples.My first example is the ROK.In 1988, the sex ratio at birth in the ROK was 114, and the ratio now in China is 117.I believe there is no family planning policy in the ROK.My second example is Singapore, whose sex ratio at birth in1984 was 109.Why is it a common problem in Asia? There are two reasons.The first reason is the influence of traditional culture and ideology, that is, a preference for sons, which poses a great problem for the sex ratio at birth.Second, China’s unbalanced birth ratio is attributable to the poor social security in rural areas.The Chinese government has launched a nationwide Girl Care Project to hamper the rising sex ratio at birth.This project aims to educate the general public to abandon their traditional preference for male children and to advocate female children’s status and rights.Secondly, the Chinese government is also making an effort to establish and improve the social security system, particularly in rural areas.Thirdly, the phenomenon of allowing one child for urban families and two to three children for families in poor areas is called reverse selection of population quality.I have two points to make in the regard.The policy in rural areas is made in accordance with the economic situation there.The social security system is being gradually improved in rural areas.If a stringent One Child policy is to be introduced in this process, the household insurance coverage is likely to be reduced for rural families.Therefore, the number of children allowed in rural families is dependent on the economic situation.10.3 中国与欧盟的关系

女士们、先生们、朋友们：

今天，我很荣幸给大家介绍欧盟的一些情况以及欧盟与中国的关系。

欧盟全称叫欧洲联盟，是在欧洲共同体基础上有25个独立的国家组成的，目的是为了加强政治、经济和社会合作。原来叫“欧共体”或“欧洲经济共同体”。

目前的25个成员国是：奥地利、比利时、丹麦、芬兰、法国、德国、希腊、爱尔兰、意大利、卢森堡、荷兰、葡萄牙、西班牙、瑞典、英国、塞浦路斯（希腊部分）、捷克共和国、爱沙尼亚、匈牙利、拉脱维亚、立陶宛、马耳他、波兰、斯洛伐克、斯洛文尼亚。欧盟25国总面积400平方公里，差不多半个中国的面积。总人口数为4.544亿，排行第三，仅次于中国和印度，约占世界总人口的7%。

欧盟同一货币为欧元，2002年一月正式启用。到目前为止，已经有12个欧盟国家用欧元取代其本国货币。同一货币使旅行和价格比较容易些，它还为欧洲的商业往来、刺激增长和竞争创造了一个稳定的环境。

目前为止，欧盟的国内生产总值逾10万亿美元。作为一个整体，这个规模与它的主要竞争对手美国差不多。经济总量和贸易总额分别占全球25%和35%。

欧盟与中国的关系十分良好。今年5月欧盟与中国就建交30周年了。去年，欧盟与中国的进出口贸易总额达到2，000亿欧元。德国是中国的最大贸易伙伴，英国、荷兰名列第二和第三。

欧盟正抓住当前这一大好历史机遇-团结曾经分裂的欧洲大陆，创造一个和平、稳定、民主的欧洲。这次欧盟的扩大还将创造一个几乎拥有5亿消费者的大市场，这个市场饱含经济的增长和不断繁荣的极大潜力。

我的话完了，谢谢大家！

11.3倾销与反倾销

如果一家公司以比自己国内正常市场价格更低的价格出口商品，即构成“倾销”。有些人认为这是不正当竞争但有些则持不同意见。但许多国家的政府采取一些行动抵制倾销行为以保护本国市场。世贸组织的协定并没有针对反倾销的制裁措施。它侧重于规定一些政府是否可以或者不可以对倾销行为采取行动-它通常被称为“反倾销协定”。

典型的反倾销行动的手段是指对特定的出口国的特定产品征收额外进口关税，以便将其价格接近“正常价值”或消除对进口国国内产业的损害。

一般而言，美国、欧盟、澳大利亚和加拿大一直是反倾销措施的主要支持者。四个传统成员发起的案件占了世贸组织反倾销案件总数的45%之多的记录。

为什么发展中国家容易被锁定？

首先，外向型经济容易引起贸易争端。由于积极从事出口是促进国内经济发展的捷径，许多发展中国家采取了出口型政策。因此，他们的经济比发达国家更依赖于对外贸易，发展中国家和发达国家难免会有许多摩擦冲突。

第二，发展中国家的出口价格非常低。由于劳动力比发达国家更便宜，产品成本低是可以理解的。此外，来自发展中国家的产品往往不是精心设计也不是成品，从而会影响价格。相反，发达国家的劳动密集型产业是夕阳产业，它们远远没有其他知识型产业有竞争力。产品价格在它们的国内市场上不合情理的高。这些因素容易引起国内产业和当局的注意。

12.4 The Secret of Nano Technology

The term nanotechnology may not sound unfamiliar any more.It has become a buzzword within the hi-tech community, but when asked what’s it about and its impact on our life, I’m afraid many people are not able to answer right away.In fact, it’s already a part of daily life for many.The promise of nanotechnology is almost unlimited.If you think nanotechnology is all in the future, think again.Nano trousers are already on sale in the United States.They feel like ordinary cotton trousers but there’s a thin nano layer, which resists spills and stains.So, if you spill your drink, this is what happens, it just runs off.The trousers aren’t even damp.So nano technology is the science of the very small.But how small is small? Well imagine I was shrunk to a 1,000 times smaller.I’d be about as big as the eye of a fly, but nano is even

smaller than that.In fact, much, much smaller.Imagine I was shrunk again, this time 10,000 times.I’d be about as big as a virus, but nano is even smaller than that.You’d have to shrink4 me another 100 times to get the nano version of me, a billion times smaller than the real me.Industry is already building devices on that scale.Here in Cambridge they’re making very thin nano layers of a plastic that emits light when electrical current runs through it.The technology will soon be on the market, in mobile phones with very bright, energy-saving displays.People will see these initially in fairly simple products like mobile phones but ultimately they will be in TV’s, and when the technology moves on to plastic, you’ll have the roll-down TV that you can put on your wall.Nanotechnology can also be applied to medicine.Ultimately, it will be applied in making a chip that can go into the body, which will release a drug or a whole variety of drugs at an assigned period of time, thus having a healing effect on the body.Nanotechnology can be used in many other fields which are closely related to our daily life as well.The promise of nanotechnology is almost unlimited.That’s why the government is backing itstrongly, yet still many critics fear possible side effects.