现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别

第一篇：现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别

现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别

1.逻辑关系

现在分词作状语与过去分词作状语的最主要区别在于：两者与所修饰的主句的主语的逻辑关系的区别。

1）现在分词作状语时，现在分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主动关系。

He went out, shutting the door behind him.他出去后将门随手关上。

Not knowing what to do, he went to his parents for help.由于不知如何办是好，他去找父母帮忙。

2）过去分词作状语时，过去分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的被动关系。

Given more encouragement, the boy could have behaved better.如果多给这个孩子一些鼓励，他本来会表现得更好。Faced with difficulties, we must try to overcome them.在遇到困难时，我们必须设法克服。

3)※部分过去分词来源于系表结构，作状语时不表示“被动关系”，其前不用being。这样的过去分词及短语常见的有：lost in（陷入某种状态）、seated（坐着的）、hidden（躲着）、stationed（驻扎）、lost/absorbed（沉溺于）、born in（出身于）、dressed in（穿着）、tired of（厌烦了）等。

Lost/Absorbed/Buried in deep thought, he didn’t hear the sound.因为沉溺于思考中，所以他没有听到那个声音。Born in this beautiful town, he hates to leave it.出生于这个美丽的小镇，他不愿离开它。

2．时间概念

过去分词所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前，或表示“一种状态”，与谓语动作同时发生或存在。

现在分词的一般式(doing)表示的动作与谓语动作同时发生或在说话时正在进行；现在分词的完成式(having done)表示发生在谓语动作之前的一个“主动”动作；现在分词的完成式的被动式(having been done)常和表示次数的短语及时间段(for+一段时间)连用，表示发生在谓语动作之前的一个“被动动作”，这种情况下不能用过去分词替换，其它情况下通常被过去分词所替换，使句式更简洁。

Written in a hurry, this article was not so good.因为写得匆忙，这篇文章不是很好。

Reading carefully, he found something he hadn’t known before.他仔细读书时，发现了一些从前不知道的东西。Having finished his homework, he went home.完成了作业，他就回家了。

Having been discussed several times, the decision was finally made.进行了几次讨论后，终于做出了决定。

第二篇：过去分词与现在分词被动式的区别

过去分词与现在分词被动式的区别

(1)过去分词在构成完成时态，不定式完成式以及被动语态时，通常不能用现在分词一般被动式代替。(现在进行时的被动语态除外)

eg：The door was closed an hour ago．

这门在一小时前就关闭了。

They have finished their homework。

他们已经做完了家庭作业

(2)过去分词作前置定语时，不能用现在分词一般被动式代替。eg： That was an inspired suggestion．

那是一条由某人提出的建议。

同样现在分词一般被动式作为定语表示动作时，也不能用过去分词来代替。eg：The house being built is a big project.正在施工的那幢楼是一项大的工程。

(3)过去分词作条件、时间等状语时，不可用现在分词一般被动式代替。eg：Given more time，I can do it better．(表条件)

多给点时间，我会做得更好些。

Given more attention，the trees could have grown better.(MET 90)(表示条件)如果多关心一些，这些树会长得更好。

Heated ,the metal expands．(表示时间)

加热后，这种金属会膨胀。

Asked why he did it，he said it was his duty ．(表示时间)

问及为何要做此事时，他说这是他的职责。

(4)过去分词作表语时，不能用现在分词一般被动式代替。eg：The top of the mountain is covered with snow.山顶满是雪。

(5)过去分词在构成have，get, want等动词后的复合宾语时，不能用现在分词一般被动式。

eg：Why don’t you have the radio fixed?

你为什么不把收音机拿去修一修?

尤其是一些感官动词，如：see，hear，find等后构成复合宾语时，过去分词和现在分词一般被动式意思完全不同。

eg:I heard this song being sung by my students in the next room.我听到隔壁房间的学生正在吟唱这首歌。

(注：现在分词一般被动式表示正在进行的动作)

I have never heard this song sung in English．

我从来没有听到过用英语唱这首歌。

(注：过去分词表示己完成的动作)

(6)在下面一些比较固定的分词独立结构中，通常多用过去分词。eg: all told总计

all things considered考虑了一切因素之后

this accomplished完成这项工程之后

this explanation given这样解释之后

all said and done毕竟

二．过去分词和现在分词完成被动式的区别：

及物动词的过去分词没有完成式，但它有“完成”的含义，所以它可以代替现在分词完成被动式。

eg:The bridge had been weakened by successive storms and was no longer safe.=

Weakened by successive storms, the bridge was no longer safe.=

Having been weakened by successive storms, the bridge was no longer safe.=这座桥接二连三地遭到暴风雨的袭击后，己经不安全了。

但若强调分词表示的行为发生在后一个动词表示的行为之前时，可用现在分词完成被动式。

eg:Having been warned about the bandits, he left his valuables at home。当警告有强盗出没时，他就把贵重物品留在家里。

通常过去分词可作定语使用，而现在分词完成被动式却不能用作定语。eg:The computer centre, opened last year, is very popular among the students in this school.(MET 93)

去年开办的计算机中心很受学生的欢迎。

(过去分词既能表示被动又有完成的含义)

The first textbooks written for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.(NMET 94)

作为外语的英语教科书早在十六世纪就已经出版了。

Most of the artists invited to the party were from south America(MET 90)应邀参加舞会的大多数艺术家都来自南美。

过去分词可以用“连词＋过去分词”的结构作状语，其实质就是状语从句的省略，而现在分词的完成被动式却不能这样用。

eg:Once seen, it can never be forgotten.目睹一眼，终生难忘。

If bitten by a snake,you should send for help and don't walk

要是你被蛇咬了，你应当向别人求助而不要走。

When shot in the leg,he continued to fire back with his gun.虽腿部己遭枪击，他人仍然继续开枪还击。

The room,although supposed to be kept locked,was often left open.通常以为是锁着的那个房间，其实经常敞开着。

综上所述，过去分词与现在分词被动式无论其形式和内涵，都有一定的差异。正确地区别它们的异同，准确地运用它们的表达形式，对英语学习者来说，尤为重要，只要多加比较，反复体会，就能掌握这一知识点。

第三篇：过去分词与现在分词练习题

过去分词与现在分词练习题

1.He looked around and caught a man ______ his hand into the pocket of a passenger.A.put B.to be putting C.to put D.putting 2.Suddenly, a tall man driving a golden carriage _______ the girl and took her away, _______ into the woods.A.seizing;disappeared B.seized;disappeared C.seizing;disappearing D.seized;disappearing 3.A cook will be immediately fired if he is found _____ in the kitchen.A.smoke B.smoking C.to smoke D.smoked 4.Though _____ money, his parents managed to send him to university.A.lacked B.lacking of C.lacking D.lacked in 5.In some parts of London, missing a bus means _______ for another hour.A.waiting B.to wait C.wait D.to be waiting 6._______ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river.A.Having suffered B.Suffering C.To suffer D.Suffered 7.The bell ______ the end of the period rang, ______ our heated discussion.A.indicating;interrupting B.indicated;interrupting C.indicating;interrupted D.indicated;interrupted 8.______ from heart trouble for years, Professor White has to take some medicine with him wherever he goes.A.Suffered B.Suffering C.Having suffered D.Being suffered information.9.He sent me an E-mail, ______ to get further information.A.hoped B.hoping C.to hope D.hope 10.The ______ boy was last seen_______ near the East Lake.A.missing;playing B.missing;play C.missed;played D.missed;to play 11.The picture ______ on the wall is painted by my nephew.A.having hung B.hanging C.hangs D.being hung 12.“We can ' t go out in this weather,” said Bob, _______ out of the window.A.looking B.to look C.looked D.having looked 13.Don't leave the water ______ while you brush your teeth.A.run B.running C.being run D.to run 14.More and more people are signing up for Yoga classes nowadays, ______ advantage of the health and relaxation benefits.A.taking B.taken C.having taken D.having been taken 15.In the past, this work, __ highly skilled, was usually done by men.A.considering B.to consider C.being considered D.considered 16.It's necessary to be prepared for a job interview.______ the answer ready will be of great help.A.To have had B.Having had C.Have D.Having 17.“You can' t catch me!” Janet shouted, ________ away.A.run B.running C.to run D.ran 18.There was a terrible noise ______ the sudden burst of light.A.following B.to be followed C.followed D.being followed 19.______ the child to bed, she began to correct the pupils' exercises.A.Sending B.Being sent C.Sent D.Having sent 20.________ a reply, we decided not to wait any longer.A.Not receiving B.Receiving not C.Not having received D.Having not received 21.We expressed our satisfaction with the talk, _______ that we would visit the city again.A.having added B.adding C.to add D.added 22.When I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door, _________ “Call 68837822”.A.reading B.reads

C.to read D, read 23._______ from the space, the Great Wall lies in the mountains tike a huge dragon.A.Seeing B.Seen C.To see D.Having seen 24.I should say sorry to him.I regret to help him that day.A.refusing B.to refuse C.refused D.refuse 25.When _______, ice changes into water.A.to heat B.heating C.heated D.they are heated 26.He dived iht0 the water, ________ only his face A.leaving;exposed B.leaving;exposing C.left;exposed D.left;exposing 27.________ many times, but he still couldn' t understand it.A.Though he had been B.Having been told C.Having told

D.He had been told 28._______ his address, I couldn't go to see him yesterday.A.Not known B.Known not C.Knowing not D.Not knowing 29.Reading this instructive book, ___________.A.tears came to his eyes B.his eyes were filled with tears C.he burst into tears D.his eyes were full of tears 30.________ , we had to go home.A.There was no bus B.We couldn' t find a bus C.There being no bus D.There no bus 31._______ to the party, Mary was greatly hurt.Xkb1.com A.Having not been invited B.Not having been invited C.Having not invited D.Not having invited 32._______ to the sun, rain and wind for a long time, the stone split.A.Expose B.Exposed C.Exposing D.To expose

第四篇：现在分词与过去分词作定语比较

现在分词与过去分词作定语比较

由于现在分词和过去分词具有形容词或副词的特点，在句中可作表语、状语、宾语补足语和定语。作定语时，既可作前置定语，又可作后置定语。现将其用法归纳如下，供大家参考。

一、前置定语：单独一个分词作定语时，一般情况下被放在被修饰的名词前面，例如：

1.现在分词：几乎所有的现在分词都可以作前置定语，现在分词表示它所修饰名词的动作，二者有逻辑上的主谓关系，并且表示所修饰词的特点、性质等。（可以转换成定语从）。例如：Barking dogs seldom bit.=Dogs which barks seldom bit.爱叫的狗很少咬人。

（注意）作前置定语的现在分词前面可有状语修饰，有两种情况：一是已经转化为形容词的现在分词，状语多用very, rather等加强词，如：This is a rather boring film.这是部令人厌烦的影片。二是一般的现在分词不能用加强词作状语，但可用其他副词，例如：不能说：rather moving vehicles但可以说：fast moving vehicles 飞快行驶的车辆

2.过去分词：所有的及物动词的过去分词都可以做前置定语,不及物动词过去分词做前置定语时，一般过去分词前有副词修饰，但也有小数几个可以单独作前置定语。过去分词与已经完全变成了形容词的过去分词做前置定语的区别是：前者表示中心词承受动作的结果或状态；而后者表示中心词的特点。例如：

a newly arrived student新到的学生（arrived是不及物动词，但前有newly修饰）an escaped convict逃犯（escaped不及物）

a retired worker退休工人（retired不及物）

a locked door上锁的门（locked表示中心词door锁后的状态）

an experienced doctor有经验的医生（experienced表示中心词doctor的特点）

二、后置定语：

1）当被修饰的词是由some/any/no ＋thing/body/one所构成的不定代词或指示代词those等时，虽然是一个单一的分词作形容词用，但也要放在其后。（可变为定语从句）例如：

There has been nothing changed since I left Harbin two years ago.自从两年前离开，哈尔滨一直没有什么变化。

2)当分词短语作定语时，一定要放其之后。例如：

The bottle containing(=which contained)the poison was sent to the laboratory.盛毒品的瓶子被送到实验室。

They have intimate knowledge of the subject being investigated(=which is being investigated).他们对所研究的题目非常熟悉。

注意：现在分词的完成式不能做后置定语。但是，如果中心词是泛指的，偶尔可用现在分词的完成式做后置定语。例如：

不能说：

The man having written that book is our teacher.应该说：

The man who has written that book is our teacher.写那本书的人是我们的老师。

Any man having written such a book is worthy of praising.（泛指）无论是谁，能写出这样的书，都应该受到表扬。

第五篇：现在分词和过去分词练习

现在分词和过去分词练习

I.单项选择

1.There was a terrible noise ____ the sudden burst of light.A.followed B.following C.to be followed D.being followed 2.The Olympic Games, ____ in 776 B.C., didn’t include women until 1912.A.first playing B.to be first played C.first played D.to be playing 3.What’s the language ____ in Germany?

A.speaking B.spoken C.be spoken D.to speak 4.Most of the people ____ to the party were famous scientists.A.invited B.to invite C.being invited D.inviting 5.The first textbooks ____ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.A.having written B.to be written C.being written D.written 6.The news sounds ____.A.encouraging B.encouraged C.encourage D.to encourage 7.—How did Bob do in the exams this time? —Well, his father seems ____ with his results.A.pleasing B.please C.pleased D.to please 8.—How did the audience receive the new play?

—They got very ____.A.excite B.excited C.excitedly D.exciting 9.The next morning she found the man ____ in bed, dead.A.lying B.lie C.lay D.laying 10.—Good morning.Can I help you? —I’d like to have the package ____, madam.A.be weighed B.to be weighed C.to weigh D.weighed 11.He is not good at English, so it is not easy for him to make himself ______.A.understand B.understanding C.understood D.understands 12.If you wave your book in front of your face, you can feel the air ____ against your face.A.moved B.moving C.moves D.to move 13.“Can’t you read?” Mary said，____ to the notice.A.angrily pointing B.and point angril C.angrily pointed D.and angrily pointing 14 ____ a reply, he decided to write again.A.Not receiving B.Receiving not C.Not having received D.Having not received 15.The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks, ____ that he had enjoyed his stay here.A.having added B.to add C.adding D.added 16．The murderer was brought in, with his hands ____ behind his back.A.being tied B.having tied C.to be tied D.tied 1.____ the house on fire, he dialed 119.A.To see B.Seeing C.Having seen D.Being seen

2.I fell down and broke three of my teeth.I wonder how many times I have to come here and get my false teeth ____.A.fix B.fixing C.fixed D.to fix 3.We’re ___ to listen to her ____ voice.It’s ___ to hear her sing.A.pleased;pleasing;pleasure B.pleased;pleasant;a pleasure C.pleasing;pleased;a pleasure D.pleasing;pleasant;pleasure 4.___a post office, I stopped____ some stamps.A.Passed, buying B.Passing, to buy C.Having passed, buy D.Pass, to buy 5.____with the size of the whole earth, the highest mountain does not seem high at all.A.Comparing B.To compare C.Compared D.Having compared 6.Here are some new computer programs ____for home buildings.A.designing B.design C.designed D.to design 7.____a little money, Jimmy was able to buy his mother a lovely new lamp.A.To save B.Saving C.Saved D.Having saved 8.The teacher came into the classroom ____by his students.A.following B.to be following C.followed D.having followed 9.With the money ___, he couldn’t buy any ticket.A.to lose B.losing C.lost D.has lost 10.There was so much noise in the room that the speaker couldn’t make himself ____.A.being heard B.hearing C.heard D.hear 11.The result of the test was rather _____.A.disappointed B.disappointing C.being disappointed D.disappoint 12.I’ve never heard the word ____in spoken English.A.use B.used C.using D.being used 13._____how to do the homework, I went to ask my teacher for help.A.Not to know B.Not knowing C.Knowing not D.Not known 14.Deeply __, I thanked her again and again.A.being moving B.moved C.moving D.to be moved 15.With winter _____on, it’s time to buy warm clothes.A.came B.comes C.come D.coming

16.____the office, the foreign visitors were shown round the teaching building.A.Having shown B.Showing C.Has shown D.Having been shown 17.He went from door to door, ____waste papers and magazines.A.gathering B.gathered C.gather D.being gathered 18.The student corrected his paper carefully, ____the professor’s suggestions.A.follow B.following C.followed D.being followed 19.The ___price will save you one dollar for each dozen.A.reduce B.reducing C.reduced D.reduces 20.People ____in the city do not know the pleasure of country life.A.live B.to live C.lived D.living 21.The foreigner tried his best, but he still couldn’t make his point ___.A.understand B.understanding C.to understand D.understood 22.The scientists were waiting to see the problem ______.A.settle B.settled C.to settle D.settling 23.The library’s study room is full of students _____for the exam.A.busily prepared B.busy preparingC.busily prepare D.are busily preparing 24.The ground is _____with ____ leaves.A.covering, falling B.covered, fallingC.covered, fallen D.covering, fallen 25.Lessons ____easily were soon forgotten.A.to learn B.learn

C.learned D.learning