英语中表示否定的前缀小结

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第一篇:英语中表示否定的前缀小结

否定前缀

英语中有许多表示否定的前缀,主要有dis-in-im-il-ir-un-mis-non-dis-de-anti-counter-等,它们分别用在那些词上呢,有那些区别呢?

dis-主要加在名词、形容词,动词之前,dis-为否定前缀的词有:disadvantage缺点、dishonorable不光彩的、disagree不同意等;

in-常加在形容词,名词之前,如incorrect不正确的、inability无能 无力、inaccurate不准确的等;

im-加在字母m,b,p之前,这样的词有impossible不顺能的、impolite不礼貌的、impudence厚颜无耻;

il-主要加在以1开头的单词的前边,比如:illegal非法的、illiterate文盲的 没有文化的、illogical不合逻辑的;

ir-放在以r开头的英语单词前面,比如:irregular不稳定的、irresistable不可抵抗的、irresolvable不能分解的 不能解决的;

un-主要放于名词,形容词,副词前面,常见的例子有unfinished未完成的、undoubted无疑的、unemployment失业;

non-加在形容词、名词前,这样以non-为否定前缀的词有non-existence不存在、non-essential不主要的、non-electrical非电的;

而mis-加在动词、名词前,例词misunderstand误解、misjudge误判、misleading误导、misfortune不幸;

dis-加在动词之前,例词有disappear消失、disarm解除武装、disconnect失去联系; de-加在名词、形容词前,常见的例词有demobilize遣散 使…复员、decolor 脱色 漂白; anti-加在名词、形容词前边。最常见的是anti-Japanese抗 RI 战争、anti-social厌恶社会的 反社---会的、antidite解毒的药;

最后一个counter-加在名词、动词前,例如:counterattack反攻 反击、counteract抵抗阻碍、counterrevolution反革-----命。

第二篇:英语前缀小结

一、前缀

a 不,无,非acentric adj.离心的,无中心的;在...,...的;加强意义 aside

adv,在旁边,到旁边

ab,abs 相反,变坏,离去 abuse滥用

ab,ac,ad,af,ag,an,ap,ar,as,at 加在同辅音字母的词根前,表示“一再”等加强意 比如 accelerate 加速

aer空气,充气 aerial 空中的,架空的

amphi 两,双

amphibiology n.两栖生物学,amphibian n.[脊椎] 两栖动物;水陆两用飞机; 具有双重性格的人 adj.两栖类的;[车辆] 水陆两用的; 具有双重性格的

an 无、不 annoynmous adj.匿名的,无名的;无个性特征的 anarchism n.无政府主义 anharmonic adj.不和谐的,非调和的;

加强或引申意义 annotatevi.注释,给„作注释或评注 vt.注释,作注解

ante 前、先 anteroom n.前厅;接待室;候见室 anti 反对、相反、防止 antiwar adj.反对战争的 apo-离开(亦作ap-)apology auto-自己、自动 autorotation n.自动旋转 autobiography n.自传;自传文学 art 技巧,关节,诡计 artificial 人工的,人为的 be ①使„使成为„ belittle,becalm,benumb②加以„饰以„用„(做某事)bepowder,becloud③在 beside,below,before,behind④表示加强及引申意义 belaud,besiege,bemoan bene-善、好 benevolent,beneficent bi-两,二bilingual,bilateral,bicycle by-旁、侧、非正式、副 byroad,bywork,byname circum 周围、环绕 circumplanetary,circumsolar co-共同 cooperation,coagent,comate col,cor 在同辅音词根前,表示“共同” colleague n,同事,同僚 com,con 共同;加强意,引申意 combine v,结合,联合 contra 相反 contrary adj,相反的

cor 加强或引申意义 correct,/corrupt,corrival counter-反对、相反 counterattack,counteroffensive de 去掉,变坏,离开,变慢,向下;使...成为,加强 deduct vt,扣除,减去 dec 十 decade n,十年,十年期 deca十decameter,decagram deci十分之一 decilitre demi-半demigod,demilune di 两个,双;使...变成,分开,离开(分开)divide v,分,分开 dia-贯穿、对穿、穿过、透过diameter,diathermal dif-分开、否定、不diffluence,differ,diffuse dis 不,消失掉;分开分离 dismiss vt,解雇,解散

[注] dis-有时也作di-divert/digress/divorce dys-不良、恶、困难dysfunction,dysphonia e ①加强或引申意义,使„ evaluate,evaporate②出、外 eject,erupt,emigrate,emerge,evade③除去 eradicate ef-出、离去effluence ed 吃 edible adj.可以吃的,可食用的 em ①表示“置于„之内”、“上„” embay,embed②表示“用„做某事”、“饰以„”、“配以„” embalm,embar③表示“使成某种状态”、“致使„”、“使之如„”、“作成„” embody,empower en①表示“置于„之中”、“登上„”、“使上„” encase,encage,enroll②表示“用„来做某事”、“饰以„”、“配以„ ” entrap,enchain,encloud③表示“ 使成某种状态”、“ 致使„ ”、“ 使之如„ ”、“ 作成„ ” enlarge,endanger,enrage,enrich④加在动词之前,表示“in ”,或只作加强 意义 enclose,entrust,entangle endo 内 endoparasite ennea 九 enneagon eu 优、善、好 euphonic ex①出、外、由„中弄出 export,expose,exhume,expel②前任的、以前的 ex-president③表示“使„”、“做„”,或做加强意义 exalt,exaggerate exo 外、外部 exogamy,exosphere extra 以外、超过extraordinary,extrasolar fabric 制作 fabricate vt.捏造,编造;建造,制造 fac 1,脸,面 2,制作 facile adj.容易做的,肤浅的 feas 制作 feasible adj.可行的,可能的 fore 前 forehead n,前部,前额 hecto 百 hectowatto hemi 半 hemisphere hepta七(在元音前作hept-)heptarchy hetero 异 heterosexual hexa六(在元音前作hex-)houm,holocrystalline homo同homosexual,homophone,homograph hyper超过、过多、太甚hypersexua,/hypermilitant hypo下、低、次、少hypotension il 用在 l 之前①不、无、非 illegal,illiterate②加强或引申意义 illustrate im-(用在b, m, p 之前)①不、无、非 imbalance,immortal,impossible②向内、入 imbibe,immerge③加强意义,或表示“使成„”、“饰以„”、“ 加以„” impel,impulse,impassion in-①不、无、非 inglorious,insensible ②内、入 inside,inject③加强意义, 或表示“使„”、“作„” inflame,incurve infra-下、低 infrastructure,infrasound inter-①在„之间、„际 international ②互相 intercourse,interview intra-在内、内部intraparty intro-向内、入内introduce,intromit ir-(用在r 之前)①不、无 irristable,irresolute,irrelative②向 内、入 irrigate,irruption iso-等、同 isomorph,isotherm kilo-千 kilogram macro 宏、大 macroworld n.宏观世界, macroeconomics 宏观经济学macroscale大规模 magn 大 magnificent adj.壮丽的,华丽的 mal-恶、不良、失、不(亦作male-)maltreat,malediction meta-①超 metaphysical②变化

metagenesis milli-(亦作mill-与 mille-)①千分之

一、毫 millimeter②千 millennial,millipede mis-误、错、恶、不 misspell,misuse,misdoing,mistrust mono-单

一、独(在元音前作mon-)

monarch,monoxide micro,mini 小 microscope n.显微镜 multi 多 multiple 多重的,多样的

ne 其变体n置于元音前表示否定 never,neither neo-新 neogamist,neonatal,neolithic non-①不 nonaligned②非 nonage③无nonelastic ob 逆反 obscene octa-(亦作octo-与 oct-)octolateral,octavalent omni-全、都、公、都 omnipotent,omniform op 相反 oppose vt.反对,反抗

out-①超过、胜过 outnumber②过度、太甚 outspend③外、出 outdoor④除去 outroot over-①过度、太甚 overpraise ②在上、在外、从上、越过 oversea,overleap,overlook③颠倒、反转 overthrow paleo-古、旧

paleobotany,paleolithic pan-全、泛 pantheism,pantropical para-①半、类似、准 parareligious②辅助、副 paralegal,paramedic③旁、靠近、外 parasite,parabiosphere④错误、伪 paraphasia⑤防、避开、保护 parasol,parachute,parabomb ped 1,足,脚 2,儿童 3,教育 biped 两足动物 pedagogy 教育学,教学法 pen-(=almost)几乎、相近、相似、不 完全是、差不多(亦作pene-)

peninsular,penultimate penta-五(在元音前作pent-)pentagon,pentarchy per 贯穿,自始至终;假,坏 persist.vi坚持,持续

peri-周围、外层、靠近perigee,perihelion,perilune,periastron pli 1,重叠,重复 2,折 3,弯explicit 详述的,明确的,明晰的;直言的,露骨的

plic ploit重叠 duplicate n.完全一样的东西,复制品 adj.完全一样的,复制的 vt.复制,复印,重复 exploit(把重叠之物展开)利用 poly-多polycrystal post-后postwar,postpone,postnatal pre...前的,预先 previous adj.先,前,以前的 prim 第一,主要的 prime adj.首要的,最好的

pro 向前,在前;很多;赞同;亲...proceed vi.行进,前进 proto-原始prototype,protocontinent pseudo-假(在元音前做pesud-)pseudomyopia,pseudopregnance quradri-四(亦作quadru-,在元音前作 quadr-)quadrilingual,quadruped quasi-类似、准、半quasi-sovereign quinque-五(在元音前作quinqu-)quinquennial re向后,相反,不;一再,重新 renew v.重新开始,继续 retro 向后 retrograde v.后退,倒退 se 分开 separate v.分开,隔离 semi-半semiliterate,semicircle sept-七(亦作septi-及septem-)septangle sex-六(亦作sexi-)sexfoil,sextuple Sino-中国sinology,sinomania,sino-American spir 呼吸,精神 expire vi.期满,(期限)终止;断气,死亡

step 后、继、后父或后母所生的,前 妻或前夫所生的 stepfather,stepsister stereo-立体 stereogram sting,stinct刺,引申为火焰 extinguish vt.灭火 extinct adj.灭绝的,绝种的

sub-①下 subway,submarine,subglacial②次、亚、准 subtropics,subfamily③稍、略、微 subacute,subarid④副、分支、下级 subhead,subbranch ⑤接近subarctic,subequatorial⑥更近一层、再 subdivide,subtenant ⑦用于化学名词前,表示化合物成分含量 少的 suboxide suf 下面 suffice v.足够,有能力 super-①超、超级 supersecret ②上 superaquous,superterrene ③过度、过多 supersaturate supra-超、上supramolecular下面

sup 在...下面;超过,在„„上面 supplicant adj.哀求的,恳求的 ;surrender sur 在...下面 surrender.放弃,投降 sus 在...下面 sustain v.支撑,维持

sym-共同、相同sympathy,symmetry,symbiosis syn-共同、相同 synchronous,synonym,synthesis tetra-四(在元音前作tetr-)tetraoxide trans 交换 transport v.运输,传送 tri 三 triangle n.三角形

twi-

二、两 twiformed,twofold ultra-①极端 ultrapure,ultrathin ②超、以外 ultrasonic,ultrared un 不 unfair adj.不公平的 ①下 underlay ②内(用于衣服)underwear③不足、少 underdress④副、次 underagent under-①下 underlay②内(用于衣服)underwear③不足、少 underdress④副、次 underagent uni 单一 uniform adj.统一的,一致的 vice-副vice-principal with 向后 withdraw v.收回,撤销

二、词根

acu 尖,酸,痛 acute adj.严重的,急性的,敏锐的;精明的 acupuncture n.针灸 aesthet 感觉 aesthetic adj.美学的,审美的;悦目的,雅致的 ag,act 做,驱动 agent代理人 active活 动的,积极的 agr 农田 agriculture农业 agrarian田地的alt 高 altitude n.海拔

alter 其它的,改变状态 alternate adj.交替的,轮流的 am 爱,亲爱 amicable友善的 amiable 和蔼可亲的

ampl 1.=take/procure,表示“拿,获得,拿走后[变空]”;2.=large,表示“大”(s=se+ample=ampl拿,获得,拿走后[变空]→分开 拿出→标本)

ana 分开 analogy 类比,类推 analyse 分析,分解

anim 心灵,精神,生命 animal动物 animate有生命的ann,enn 年 annual一年的 centennial 一世纪的 arbitr 判断 arbitray adj.随心所欲的,独断的

archy 统治者,统治,主要的 anarchy 无政府状态 art 技巧,关节,诡计 artificial adj.人工的,人为的 astro 星 astronomy天文学 astronaut宇 宙航行员 audi 听 audience听众 audible听得见的

avi 渴望;鸟 aviation n.航空,航空学;飞机制造业 bat 打 combat n.战争,斗争

bell 战争 rebellion反叛,反抗 bellicose好战的bene 善,好 benefit vi.有益于,得益 biblo 书 bibliography n.参考书目

bio 生命,生物 biology生物学 antibiotic抗生的,抗生素 brev 短 brevity 简短 abbreviate缩短,节略 brilli 发光 brilliant adj.光辉的,卓越的 calc 石灰 calcium n.钙

cap(t),cep(t),ceive,cip 拿,抓,握住 capture vt.捕获,俘获 card,cord 心脏,一致 accord 一致 cav 洞 excavate vt.挖出,掘出

cede 走 precedent先行的,在前的 precede先行

ceive 抓,抓住 conceive vt.构想,怀孕 celer 速度 accelerate 加速

cent 1,百,百分之一 centimeter厘米 centigrade百分度的 2,歌,唱 incent(in+cent)把激情唱进去――刺激,鼓励

center,centr 中心 concentrate集中 centrifugal离心力的cept 拿,抓住,握住 except v.除外 cern 区别 discern cert 搞清,区别 certify vt.证明,证实

cid 落下,引申为 偶然发生之意 incident n.发生的事,事件 cide,cis 杀,切suicide自杀 bactericide杀菌剂 claim,clam 叫喊 exclaim惊叫 proclaim 宣布,宣告

cip 抓,拿 recipient n.接受者,接收者 circ 环绕 circuit n.电路,环形

cit 1,引起,唤起2,公民 cite,excite;citizen claim 喊 exclaim vi.呼喊,惊叫

clar 清楚,明白 declare表明,声明 clarify讲清楚 clin 倾斜 incline vt.使倾斜

clos,clud,clus 关闭 exclude除在外

clud,clos 关闭 close关闭 exclude排斥

cogn 知道 recognize承认 cognitive认 识的cop, copor 身体,团体 corporation n.公司,企业 cord 心 cordial衷心的core核心

cosm(o)宇宙,世界cosmic宇宙的 cosmos宇宙

cracy 统治 democracy n.民主制,民主 creed,cred 相信 credibility可信 credit信任 crep 破裂 discrepant adj.差异的 cret 搞清,区别 secret crit 判断,评判 criterion cruc 十字形,交叉 crucify 钉在十字架上处死,迫害,折磨 cult 培养,种植 culture n.教养,培养 cumul 堆积 accumulate cup 拿,抓住,握住 occupy cur,cours 跑(cur还有“关心”之意)ccurrence出现,发生 current流通的 ;curious 好奇的

cur 跑,发生,快速做 currency n.通货,流行 incur in(进入)+cur(发生),招至,引起 cycl 圆,环 bicycle自行车 cyclone旋风 dem(o)民众 democracy n.民主,民主制 demn 伤害 condemn indemnification deterior 糟糕的

di 日 diary日记 diarist记日记者

dic 说话,断言,写 indicate dict 说 predict预言 indicate表示

dign 值得,高贵 dignity 尊严,高贵

doct 教 doctrinaire n.空论家 教条的,迂腐的 dom 1,家 2,统治 domain don,dit 给予 donation n.捐款,捐赠

dorm 睡眠 dormancy n.睡眠,冬眠,隐匿 dox 观点 heterodox n.异端

du 两,双 dubious 怀疑的,无把握的,靠不住的 dub 双,二

duc,duct 引导 conduct指导 induce引诱

ed 1,吃 edible可吃的 edacity贪吃 2,听 obey(ob=to+ey=ed)服从,顺从 obedient electr 电的 electric adj.电的,电动的 em 拿,获得,拿走后(变空)empty expt 拿,获得,拿走后(变空)empty equ,.equi 相等,平等 n.等式

erg,ert 能量,活力 energy n.精力,国力 err 漫游,犯错误 error inerrancy n.无错误的 ert 能量,活动 exert vt.尽(力),用(力),发挥 ese 存在,实在 essence exter 出去,外 external

fac,fact,fect,fic 做,制 factory工厂 manufacture制 造,加工

femin 女人 feminine adj.女性的,女子的

fer 带,拿;带来

tansfer转移 ferry渡船;suffer v.遭受,忍受 fest 1,仇恨,打击 2,节目 infest 骚扰,扰乱 festival fic(e)做 artificial adj.人工的,人为的 fid 相信,信念 confidence n.信任,信心 figur 形状

fin 结束,范围 confine vt.限制,使局限 flect,flex 弯曲 reflect v.反射,映现 flict 打击 conflict n.冲突

flu 流 fluent流利的 influenza流行感冒

form 形式,外形 transform改变 formula公式

fract,frag破,折 fraction碎片 fragile易碎的fus 倾,注,溶化 fusion熔解 effuse泻 出

fuse 流 diffuse 扩散,弥漫,散布

gen gener 起源 generate使产生 genetic遗传 的geo 地球,土地 geography地理 geology地质学

gon 角 trigon n.三角形

guise 伪装 disguise vt.伪装,假扮

grad 步,走,级 gradual逐步的 graduate毕业 gram 写,记录 diagram图表 program 节目单,方案

graph 写,画,记录 photograph照像 autograph亲笔,手稿

greg 群体 aggregate v.合计,聚集

gress 行走 progress进步 retrogress后 退

griev 1,重 2,悲伤 grievious adj.严重伤害的,引起痛苦的 grief hind 后面 handrance n.障碍,妨碍

hap 机会,运气,偶发 happen发生 mishap灾祸

her(e),hes 粘附 adhere vi.粘附,附着 herit 继承 inherit vt.继承 hibit 拿住 inhibit,prohibit hospit 客人 hospital医院 hospitable好 客的,殷勤的hum 地 humble adj.地位低下的 ident 相同,识别 identical ideo 思想 观点 idea idio 特殊的,个人的,专有的 idiom n.惯用语,方言 ign 点燃 ignite vt.点燃,引发vi.着火

insul 岛 peninsula半岛 insulation隔 绝,孤立 hydra 水 hydraulic水利的 hydrant消防栓 it 行走 exit n.出口,退出

inter 在...之间,在...之中 interact intergr 完整 intergrel adj.完整的,构成整体所必须的 integrity n.正直的,完全 ject 投,掷,抛 eject射出 project投射 jud 判断 judgement n.审判,判断 junct 连接,结合 conjunction连接词 adjunct附属物

jur 法律,发誓,正确,正直 jury n.陪申团,评奖团 juven 年轻 rejuvenscent adj.返老还童的,回春的 lapse 滑倒 collapse vi./n lect,leg,lig 挑选,采集 lect 选举 selection选举 eligible合格的,合适的lect 讲,读,说 idiolect 个人习语 leg 法律 legal adj.合法的,法律的 lev 举,升 elevator电梯 lever杠杆

liber 自由 liberate解放 liberalist自由主义的lic 高兴,美味,引诱 delicate delicious lig 1,捆绑,联合,约束 2,选择,收集 eligible adj.有条件被选中的,(由指婚姻等)合适的,合意的

lingu 语言 linguist语言学家 bilingual两种语言的liter 文字,字母 literate识字的 literature文学

loc 地方 local当地的 locate使座落于

log 词,语言,讲演 dialogue对话 logic 逻辑

loqu 说话 eloquent雄辩的 colloquial口语的,会话的loy 捆绑,联合,约束 alloy n.合金 lun 月亮 lunar adj.月亮的,似月的

lust(lumin)光,照亮 ullustrate vt.(用图等)说明 illuminate vt.照明,照亮;阐明,启发 lute 冲洗 dilute 稀释,冲淡 lyze 分割,分开 analyze vt.分析

manu(mani)手 manuscript手稿 manual手 的,用手的mar 海 marine adj.海上的,航海的

med 治疗,补救办法 remedy n.补救办法,治疗法

medi 中间 medium中等的 mediation居 中调解 memor 记忆,记住的 memory记忆 memorial纪念日,纪念物

memor 记忆,记住的 memory n.记忆,记忆力 mens 计量,测量 dimension merg 沉没 immerge,emerge mid 中间 middle,midst migr 迁移,移动 migrant,migrate milit 兵 military军事的 militant战斗的

min 1,少,小 minority少数 diminish减少,减小 2,突出 prominent adj.杰出的,突出的 mir 惊奇,惊异 admire vt.赞赏,钦佩 mise 送,放出,派,错过 demise,premise miss 送,派,放出,错过

mit 送,放出,派,错过 intermit v.中断 mut 变 mutual adj.相互的

mob,mot,mov 移动 mobile活动的 motion运动 immovable不可移动的mod 方式,模式,风度 mode n.方式,模式 nomin名 nominal adj.名义上的,有名 无实的 mon 警告 monitor n.班长,监视器,检测器

mono 一个,单个 monogamy n.一夫一妻制(婚姻)monologue n.独白 mort 死亡 mortal终有一死的 mortician 承办殡葬的人

mot 动 motion n.运动,动 muni 服务,职责,社区,公共 municipal(抓社区管理的)munificent(做出来给大家的)慷慨的,大方的

nav 1,船 2,海员,船员

neg 否定 negtive adj.否定的,消极的

not 知道,注意,注释,标识 notion n.概念,观念 nov 新 novel小说 novelty新奇

numer 数 numeral数字的 numerous为 数众多的nomy 在„„领域(的知识)agronomy 农科 oper 工作 operate操作 cooperate合作

opt 视线,光线 ;选择optic视力的 optics光学 optim 最好,乐观 optimistic ori 1,升起 orient 东方,东方的 2,开始 origin orn 装饰 adorn v.装饰

ortho 正 orthodox adj.传统的;正统的,正宗的 oxy 氧的 oxygen n.氧,氧气

paci 和平pacify vt.使和平,抚慰

pact(patch)包裹,紧的,结合 compact dispatch par 1,出产,出生 2,看见,出现 3,准备,安置 4,平等 multiparous adj.一胎多子的,经产的apparent part 部分 partial adj.部分的,不公平的

patri(1),父亲 patriarchal adj.家长似的,家长的,族长的 2,patriot n爱国者 pass 感觉 passion n.激情,热情

past 喂,食 pasture 放牧、牧场,吃草

path 感情,苦楚,疾病 sympathy同情 pathetic可怜的pel 推,逐,驱 expel驱逐 repel击退,反击,抵抗

pend,pens,pond 称重量,称银子,引申为花费 expend pend,pen pens 悬挂 depend依靠 pendent悬空的

per 1,贯穿,自始至终,全部 permanent 2,假,坏 perish pet追求 compete 竞争,比赛

phas 外貌,显示,状态 phase 阶段,方位,相位 phon 声音 microphone扩音器 telephone电话

pict 描写,画 picture n,画,图画

peri(piri)尝试 expiricism 经验主义 experiment plen 满,全 plenty充足,大量 plentitude丰富,充足

plex 重叠,交叉 complex adj.由许多部分组成的,复合的

plic 1,重叠,重复 2,折 3,弯

complicate vt.使复杂 adj.复杂的

ply 1.=fold,表示“重叠,重复”;2.折;3.弯;4.=full/fill,表 示“满,填满”reply [to]回答,答复,以„作答(re回+ply折→折回去 →答复)supply 补给, 供给, 供应品(sup下面+ply满,填满→ 在下面填满→补给)

polis 1,国家,城市 2,政治 cosmopolis <美>国际都市 pon,pos(it)放置 postpone推迟 position位置 pond 称重量而衡量,引申为花费,支付 ponderous adj.笨重的,笨拙的

popul 人民 population人口 popular人 民的,大众的port 搬运,带 portable可携带的 porter 搬运工人

pos,posit 放 deposit vt.使沉淀,存放 pound 放 propound vt.提议

pract 实践,实际,应用 practice preci 价值,估价 precious adj.珍贵的,宝贵的 prehend 抓住 reprehend vt.谴责,责难

prim 第一,首要 primary最初的 primitive原始的prin 第一,主要的,首要 prince,principal,principle priv 私有的,单一 private prob 1,测试,证明 2,证明 probe,reprobate psych 精神 psychology心理学 psychic 精神的puls 驱动,推 pulse vi.搏动,跳动

pur 清,纯,净 purify使纯净 depurate 使净化

rect 正,直,竖 erect直立的 correct改正

reg 统治,规定 regime n.政体,政权,政权制度 region n.地区 rid,ris 笑 ridicule嘲笑 derision笑柄,嘲 笑

rig 正,直;水 right irrigate vt.灌溉 rit 擦 irritate vt.激怒

rog 要求,问 arrogant adj.傲慢的,自大的

ros 咬 erosion n.磨损,腐蚀,侵蚀;削减,减少 rot 腐烂;轮 rotary adj.转动的,旋转的

rupt 破 rupture破裂,裂开 interrupt中 断

sacr 神圣的 sacrifice n.牺牲,供奉

sanct=holy,表示“神圣”,sanction vt.批准,认可 n.批准,认可;约束因素,约束力;[常 pl.]国际制裁

satur 饱 saturable adj.可饱和的

scend,scens,scent 爬 ascend上,升 descent下降

sci 知道 science科学 conscious有知觉 的scrible,script 写 describle vt.形容,描写 sect 切割 section n.截面,剖面

secut,sequ 跟随 consequence n.结果,后果 sens,sent 感觉 sensation感觉 sentiment感情

sequ 跟随 conaequence n.结果,推论 sert 插,放 insert vt.插入,嵌入 serve 保持 reserve vt.保留,保存

sid(e)1.=sit,表示“坐”;2.放置;3.=旁边 adj.assiduous 勤奋的(as一再+sid坐+uous多„„的→ 一再坐着[学习] →勤奋的)

simil,sembl,simul 相似,一样 similar adj.相似的,类似的 sist 站立 persist vi.坚持,持续

soc 同伴,结交 social adj.社会的,社交的 sol 太阳,独自 solar太阳的 parasol阳伞 spec spic 看 spectacle光景,景象 prospect 展望

spers 散开 disperse vi.使分散,散开;使消散

son=sound,表示“声音” sound spir 呼吸,生命 conspire共谋 inspire 吸气,鼓舞 spons 约定 sponsor n.主办者,保证人 st stat 表示“站,立” stand,stable,station stimul 刺激 stimulate v.刺激,激励 stinct,sting 刺 distinct adj.与其它不同的 stit 建,放,站 constituent,constitution sum 拿,取 resume vt.(中断后)重新开始,继续,恢复 struct 建立,结构 construct surg=rise,表示“升起” surg vi.升起+e→n.&v.巨涌, 汹涌, 澎湃 sym,syn 共同 sympathy n.同情,同情心

tact,tang,tag 接触 intact未接触的 tangible可接触的tail 切,割 tailor裁缝 retail零售

tain,ten,tin tinu 保持,握,容纳 contain容 纳 obtain取得,sustain支持

tamin 接触 contaminate tect 掩,盖 detect侦察 发觉,detective 侦探的tele 远 telescope望远镜 telegram电报

temp 1,表示时间或时间引起的现象 2,情绪,回火 adj.tempestuous 狂暴的(tempest[n.暴风雨,骚 动]+uous多„„的→adj.狂暴的)n.tempest 暴风雨,骚动(temp时间引起天气变化 +est→天气骤变→暴风雨)tempo 节奏,行进速度;[音乐的]速度(temp时间或 时间引起的现象+o音乐术语→按时件快慢做)tempt 尝试 temptation n.诱惑物

ten 1,拿住,握住,支撑;2,挽留

tenant tend,tens,tent 伸 extend伸开,扩展 extensive广阔的terr 1,地 territorial adj.领土的 2,恐怖,可怕 terrific test 证据 testify v.证明,证实

text 编织 textile纺织的 texture组织,结构

therm 热 thermal热的 thermometer温 度计

thesis 放,引申为“观点,论文”,n.antithesis 对立;反论(anti反+thesis论文;观点→n.对立;反论)hypothesis 假说,假设(hypo下面+thesis论文→还 不是正式的理论→假说)parenthesis 插入语,括弧(par平行+en进+thesis放 →平行放进去→括号)synthesis 合成(syn共同+thesis放→放在一起→ 合成)thesis [(thesis放,引申为论文,观点→放好的研究 主题)

tim 害怕 timid timorous

tin 1,拿,握,支撑 2,挽留 continue tor,tort 扭,扭转 orsion扭转 distortion 歪曲

tour 转 detour 使绕路而行

tox 毒 toxic adj.有毒的,因中毒引起的

tract 拖,拉,吸引 attract吸引 attractive有吸引力的trem 抖动 tremendous 极大的,非常的,了不起的 tribut 给予 contribute v.捐助,捐献

tric,trig 复杂 intrigue vt.激起...的好奇心,迷住 vi.耍阴谋 n.阴谋,私通 turb 扰乱 disturb v.弄乱,扰乱 twi 两个(由two而来)twice

typ adj.atypical 非典型的(a非+typical典型的→adj.非典 型的)typical [of]典型的,有代表性的(typ模式,形状 +ical„„的→成模式的→典型的)adv.typically 代表性地, 作为特色地(typical[adj.[of]典 型的,有代表性的]+ly表副词→adv.代表性地, 作为 特色地)n.prototype 原型;典型,范例(proto原始+type类型 →n.原型;典型,范例)typewriter 打字机(type打字+writer写的人或东西 →n.打字机)stereotype 固定形式,老套(stero固体的+type型 式→固定形式,老套→对„„产生成见)typography 凸版印刷术, 排印;印刷样 式(typo=typ模式,形状+graph写+y状态,性质→用 模型写,印刷)typology 类型学, 血型学, 体型学, 象征学(typ模 式,形状+ology学科→n.类型学, 血型学, 体型学, 象 征学)v.stereotype 对„„产生成见(stero固体的+type型 式→固定形式,老套→对„„产生成见)ultim(o)最后的 ultimate adj.最后的,最终的 ultra 超...的 ultraviolet adj.紫外线的

un,uni 一 unite统一,联合 union联 合,工会

urb 城市 suburb 郊区,近郊

ut,util 用 utility有用 utilize利用

ut 出去,过时,外面 utmost vac,van 空,空虚 vacation假期 vanity 空虚,虚荣

vad, vas 行走 invasion 入侵,侵略

val,vail 强壮的,价值 value n.价值,估价

vari 变化 various各样的variant变异的,不同的ven 来 intervene干预,介入 prevent防 止

ver 真实的 verdict n.裁判,判断 verb 词语 adverb n.副词

verg 倾向 converge v.聚合,会聚

vert,vers 转 adverse相反的 convert转 换

vi 路 via prep.取道,经由 deviate vid,vis 看见 evident明显的 visible可见 的

vis1.=separate,表示“分开”;2.=see,表示“看,查” devide,supervise vit,viv 生活,生存 vital生命的 survival 幸存 voc 声音 vocal adj.嗓音的,发声的 vok 出声,叫喊,看 evoke provoke volu(t)卷 volume n.卷,册,书卷;容积,体积;音量,响度 volunt n.自动

volv 滚动 revolve旋转 involve卷入

vot 忠于,发誓 devote

ven 来 revenue n.收入,收益

vulg 庸俗 vulgar adj.粗野,下流;庸俗,粗俗 wis,wit 知道 wisdom智慧 witty机敏的 with 向后 withdraw v.收回,撤回;撤退

三、后缀

able(形容词后缀)可...的,能...的,具有某种特质的 acity n 表状态,、情况 capacity n.容量,能力,身份 age(名词后缀)集合名词总称;场所、费用;行为或其结果 marriage n.结婚,婚姻 ant(名词和形容词后缀)人、物;...的 immigrant n.移民,侨民 aneous 表形容词,“多„„的,„„特征的” spontaneous adj.自发的,无意识的;自然的,天真率直的

ent 1,adj.„„的 2,n.通常表示 „„人,也可以表示其它的事物 3,n.药剂

ate(动词、形容词、名词后缀)做、使...;具有...的;表人、职位

considerate adj.考虑周到的,体贴的

ary...的 imaginary adj.假想的,虚构的

ery 1,行为,情况 2,场所,地点 cemetery 墓地,公墓 hood 时期,性质 brotherhood ible adj 可...的,能...的,易...的 horrible adj.令人恐惧的 ic adj.„„的 n.人或科学 n.某种科学或药学有关的 ice n.表示行为,状态 novice 新手 ific adj.产生„„的 pacific ify 使...clarify vt.澄清,阐明

ist(名词后缀)某种信仰者,某种职业的人

ititude 表示性质,状态 lassititude n.无力,没精打彩 let 小 booklet n.小册子 logy n...学,...学科 ous adj...的 numerous

ward(s)adv 表示方式或动作的方向(manner and direction of movement)例词:onward(s),backward(s),e arthward(s),homeward(s),eastw ard(s)

wise adv 1)按照„„方式(in the manner of)例词:crabwise,clockwise

2)就„„而言(as far as...is concerned)例词:weatherwise,educationwise

第三篇:英文否定前缀总结

常用英语单词前缀大全(否定前缀篇)

im-加在字母m,b,p之前

impossible(不顺能的),impolite(不礼貌的),impudence(厚颜无耻)

in-加在形容词,名词之前

incorrect(不正确的),inability(无能,无力),inaccurate(不准确的)

ir-加在以r开头的词前

irregular(不稳定的),irresistable(不可抵抗的),irresolvable(不能分解的,不能解决的)

un-加在名词,形容词,副词之前

unfinished(未完成的)undoubted(无疑的)unemployment(失业)

还有一些前缀的规则:

non-加在形容词,名词前

non-existence(不存在),non-essential(不主要的),non-electrical(非电的)

8.mis-加在动词、名词之前

misunderstand(误解),misjudge(误判),misleading(误导),misfortune(不幸)

9.dis-加地动词之前

disappear(消失),disarm(解除武装),disconnect(失去联系)

10.de-加在名词,形容词之前

demobilize(遣散;使…复员)decolor(脱色,漂白)

11.anti-加在名词、形容词之前

anti-Japanese(抗日战争),anti-social(厌恶社会的,反社会的),antidite(解毒药)

12.counter-加在名词、动词前

counterattack(反攻,反击),counteract(抵抗,阻碍)counterrevolution(反革命)

dis(not, the opposite of)

disadvantage, dislike, disagree, disappear, disarm, disaster, disastrous, disappoint, disable, disability, discharge, disclose, discount, discourage, discover, discovery, discrepancy, disease, disgrace, disguise, disgust, dishonor, dishonest, dislike, dismay, disorder, dispatch, disperse, displace, displacement, displease, disregard, dissatisfy, distort , distract, disintegrate, isparage, dispassion, disproportionate 2)in-(not, in, into)

inability, incorrect, inability, incapable, indirect, inhuman, injustice, informal, inside, include, inclusive, income, increase, increasingly, incredible, indefinite, independence, independent, indifferent, indirect, indispensable, individual, indoor, inertia , inevitable, infamous , infinite, inhabit , inhabitant, inherent , inject, inland , inlet , inner, innocent, innumerable , input, inquire, inquiry, insane, insensitive, insert, inside, insight, insist, inspect, inspiration , inspire, install, installation, installment , instance, instant, instinct, insulate , intense, interior, internal, into, intrinsic, invade, invalid , invaluable , invariably , invasion, invert , investigate, invisible, involve, inward, incomplete, indecisive, inedible, inept, inevitably, infection, infirm, injection, innate, insatiable, insecurity, insider, insidious 3)im-

(not, in, into)impossible, imbalance, immature, immoral, impatient, implicit , impress, impression, import, immigrate, imprison, immerse 4)il-(not)

illegal, illiterate, illogical ir-(not)irregular, irresponsible, irrespective

5)un-(not)

unable, uncover, undo, undoubtedly, undress , uneasy, unemployment , unexpected, unfold , unfortunately, unimportant, unlike, unload, unusual, unaware, enlightened, unparalleled, unsustainable, 6)non-(not)

nonsmoker, nonexistence, non-cooperation, nonstop, nonmetal, nonresident, nonsense, nonfundamentalist, nonspecialist 7)mis-(wrong, wrongly)

mislead, misspell, misstep, misfortune, misuse, misguided, misinformation 8)de-(showing the opposite, to remove, to reduce)

deform, deface, demobilize, destruction, deforest, denationalize, depress, depression, decode, decrease, degenerate , degrade , descend, descendant , descent

第四篇:英语中否定形式表示肯定意义的句型总结

英语中否定形式表示肯定意义的句型总结

英语中有些句子“貌相”(形式)否定,实则表示肯定的意义,甚至表示非常强烈的肯定意义。此类句子尤其容易出现在阅读理解中给考生增加干扰因素。就此语言现象归纳总结如下句型,希望大家能够复习之。1. can / could not...too

can / could never...too表示“无论怎样也不过分”。例如: ·You cannot be too careful when crossing the street.穿越马路时,再怎么小心也不为过。·You can never be too careful in performing an experiment.做实验越仔细越好。

2. can / could not...enough意为“无论怎么都不够”,表示强烈的肯定。例如: ·I cannot thank you enough.我对你感激不尽。·You can't be careful enough.你越小心越好。

3. nothing but表示“只有,只不过”,含肯定意义。例如: · We could see nothing but water.我们只看见一大片水。

·She does nothing but listen to records.她除了听唱片什么也不做。

4. never too...to是对too...to的再否定,表示肯定。例如:

· It's never too old to learn.活到老,学到老。

It is never too late to give up prejudices.放弃偏见永远不晚。

5.not „ without „ 没有„„就没有;在这个句型中,使用两个否定,用来加强语气,表示肯定意义。例如:

·One cannot live even a few minutes without air.没有空气,人们甚至连几分钟也不能生存。·They couldn't have completed their task on time without your help.有你们的帮助,他们才按时完成了任务。

注意: too „ not to „和 never(not)too „ to „这类双重否定的句型,也表示肯定意义。例如:

·The boy is too clever not to work out this maths problem.这个男孩很聪明,不会解不出这道数学题。

6. nothing if not表示“极其”,含强烈的肯定意义。例如: · He was nothing if not clever.他很聪明。

· The story was nothing if not interesting.故事极其有趣。

7. nothing less than表示“完全是”,有肯定的含义。例如: ·

What he said was nothing less than a lie.他说的纯属谎言。

· His negligence was nothing less than criminal.他的粗心大意无异于犯罪。

8.too...not to表示“太„„不会不„„”,具有肯定意义。例如: · He is too careful not to have noticed it.他那么小心,一定会注意到这一点的。

His speech was too good not to stir the audience.他的演讲太好了,不会不使观众轰动。

He is too foolish not to say it.他那么傻,不会不把这事说出来。

注意:若把否定词放到前面not too „ to 表示这并不太„„所以能。

He is not too old to do it.他做这件事,年龄并不

9. no的否定意义很强,和具有否定意义的名词连用,来表示强烈的肯定。例如: ·She is no fool.(She is very clever.)她绝不是傻瓜。

·There is no question that Mr.Smith is the boss.毫无疑问,史密斯先生就是老板。

10.双重否定表示强烈的肯定。否定+否定=肯定,加强句子的肯定语气,这样的双重否定句被称之为肯定型双重否定句。例如: Nobody had nothing to eat.=Everyone has something to eat.每个人都有吃的。I cannot/never see the film without being moved to tears” “I will never be unmoved when ever I see the film。=Whenever I see the film, I will be moved to tears.John is not unable to do it.约翰还是挺能干的。双重否定表肯定的句型分类

1)谓语否定+状语否定

在这种双重否定结构中,谓语否定主要指“never+实义动词”或“操作词+not+实义动

词”;状语否定指“介词+名词/动名词”,要么介词否定,要么名词或动名词否定,而介词否定的形式多表现为一个词,即without。例如: ① You cannot make egg rolls with out breaking eggs

(即:有失才有得。)

② He will not do it for nothing ③ She never came with out reporting some fresh instance of Wickham's extravagance or irregularity她每一次来的时候,都会讲些有关威克瀚姆豪华奢侈生活的新鲜事。2)主语否定+状语否定

主语否定指主语常由no-word(比如no+名词、nobody、none、nothing、noone等,这些词被称之为绝对否定词)来担当,或主语由not来否定。

① In some countries no major business is carried on without eye contact, requiring face-to-face conversation 在有些国家,一切公事都要面对面地进行,需要当面交谈。② There is no success without hardships 没有磨难,就没有胜利。(不经历风雨,怎能见彩虹。)③ None of us will leave school without learning any thing ④ Not a student has access to the library without showing his student card进入不了图书馆。

3)主语否定+谓语否定

① Nobody does not believe in him ② Not many students will not succeed in passing the exam 4)谓语否定+宾语否定 ① I do not have nothing to say

② We can't afford not to believe the missile attack我们不得不相信这导弹袭击是真的。5)主语否定+宾语否定

① No one has nothing to contribute to society ② Nobody has no access to the sporting facilities 6)主语否定+补语否定

补语覆盖面很广,包括名词、介词、形容词、副词、代词、分词以及不定式等等,这些词本身可以是否定形式(比如代词nothing、nobody等),也可以被否定词修饰(比如not+补语),也可指那些含有否定词缀的形式(比如形容词、分词的否定词缀等)。① Nothing is nothing at all ② No smoking is harmless ③ No place is left unexploited 7)否定词+否定意义的动词/名词/形容词/副词

英语中有许多词语虽没有被否定词修饰或不含否定词缀,但它们的意义却完全可能是否定的,这样的词和否定词连用时也会构成双重否定。

① We don't doubt that he will succeed in carrying out the experiment 我们相信他会做好这个实验。

② There is no denying the fact that your action has affected her normal life 不可否认,你的行为已经影响了她的正常生活。③ Comrade Lei Feng was not reluctant to help others ④ For all his years, he is none the less vigorous and active 他虽年老,但仍然生气勃勃,精力旺盛。8)主句否定+从句否定

前面提到的都是特指简单句中的双重否定句的情况。很明显,英语中主从句的双重否定形式也是普遍存在的。而主从句双重否定的两个否定词分别出现在主句和从句中。主句否定时常借助于一般否定词(即not)或绝对否定词(如no,nothing,nobody,never等);从句否定时同样也可借助于一般否定词或绝对否定词,但也可以使用一些含有否定含义的连词,如until,unless等,或是否定含义的准关系代词but。

① In the neighborhood there is nobody who does not know me ② I never read novels that don't appeal to me

③ You cannot take the books away unless you get the special permission from the dean 除非你有系主任的特批,否则你不能把书借走。④ There is no rule but has exceptions

11.not...until / till表示“直到„„才”,具有肯定的意义。

not „ until „ 直到„„才„;在这个句型中,until 可作介词,也可作连词。作介词时,后接名词、代词或短语;作连词时,后接句子。not 后面接非延续性动词。例如: She didn't stop working until 12 o'clock last night.昨晚12点以前,她一直在不停地工作。The bus didn't leave until all the seats were taken.直到车上坐满了乘客,汽车才开走。

People take no thought of the value of time until they lose it.人们失去时间后才知道时间的价值 He did not go to bed until his mother came back.直到他母亲回来他才睡觉。

not „ until „ 也可用于强调句型和倒装句式中。例如:

It was not until this morning that he finished the work.直到今天上午,他才完成那项工作。It was not until the next day that I knew that truth.直到第二天我才知道真相。

12.“否定词 + so + adj./ adv.+ as”结构,从反面表示“最”,是一种强烈的肯定。例如: · It wasn't so bad as last time!这次不像上次那么糟!· None is so blind as those who won't see.没有比视而不见的人更瞎眼的了。

13.not...for nothing中,not用来否定for nothing,从而加强了谓语的肯定意义。例如: · He didn't study law for nothing.他学法律并没有白费。

·Believe me, he did not fly into such a rage for nothing.请相信我,他勃然大怒是有原因的。

14.否定的感叹句、疑问句常表示肯定意义。例如: · Isn’t this film interesting? 这部电影难道没趣吗? ·Who doesn't enjoy reading The Dream of the Red Mansion? 谁不喜欢看《红楼梦》呢?(人人都喜欢看《红楼梦》。)

15.以Why don't you...和Why not...开头的疑问句往往表示邀请、建议、指导等,具有肯定意义。例如: ·Why don’t you introduce her to your parents? 你为什么不把她介绍给你父母呢? ·Why not come and see me tomorrow? 明天来看我怎么样?

16.nothing(或 no + 名词)but „只有;仅仅;Nothing but=only,表示肯定意义,后接名词、代词、不定式等。例如:

·No one but him in our class can swim across the river.在我们班上,只有他能游过这条河。· She could do nothing but wait here.她只好在这时等,别无他法。

其它的否定词+but

1、not(no)„but There is no man but has his faults.人皆有过。

No one believes but she will succeed.人们相信他会成功。There is no one but knows him.人人都认识他。

17.祈使疑问句;否定感叹疑问句表示的肯定表示肯定意义。例如: ·Isn't the film wonderful? 多么好的一部影片啊!

Won’t you have some beer? 请喝点啤酒吧!Won’t you sit down!

请坐呀!

Isn’t that beautiful!多么美丽呀!Isn’t she a sweet girl!她多么可爱啊!

18.hardly / scarcely „ when „ 一(刚)„„就„„;在这个句型中,when 是并列连词,其前面的句子要用过去完成时,其后的句子用一般过去时。例如:

·He had hardly/scarcely arrived when it began to rain.他一到天就开始下雨了。·Hardly/Scarcely had he arrived when it began to rain.他一到天就开始下雨了。

We had scarcely reached the school before/when the bell rang.我们刚到学校铃声就响了。

He had scarcely escaped when he was recaptured.他刚逃掉就被逮住了。

He had hardly arrived when she started complaining.他刚一到, 她就开始抱怨起来。

19.no sooner „ than „ 一(刚)„„就„„;在这个结构中,no sooner 位于主句中,主句用过去完成时,than 引导状语从句,从句用一般过去时。例如:

·No sooner had they got to the theatre than the concert began.他们刚跨进剧院,音乐会就开始了。

20.can + not + be + 形容词 + enough/can not + 动词原形 + too much(highly)越„„越好;无论怎样也不过分;在这个句型中,not 可用 never 来替代。例如: ·He is a hero.We can not praise him too much(highly)。他是英雄,我们无论怎样赞扬他也不过分。

21.否定词+比较级(相当于最高级), 常见的句型是:have never + 过去分词 + 比较级最„„;再没有比„„更„;该句型从反面表示“最„„”的概念。例如: ·We have never seen a more interesting film than this one = This is the most interesting film that I have ever seen.这部电影是我们看过的最有趣的影片。

I couldn’t agree more.我非常同意。

Nothing is more valuable than health.健康是最宝贵的。

22.can't(help)but „ 只好;不得不;必然;在这个结构中,help 可省略,but 后面接不带 to 的不定式。例如:

·He can't(help)but admit that he was wrong.他只好承认自己是错了。23.can't help doing sth.情不自禁地做某事

· Hearing the joke,we couldn't help laughing.听了这个笑话,我情不自禁地笑了起来。24.not + 含否定意义的词缀的词。例如:

· It is not uncommon for a great scholar to be ignorant in everyday affairs.一个伟大的学者,对日常事务无知,这种情况并不罕见。

25.有些带否定词的短语,在使用时并不构成否定意义,即表示肯定意义。例如: · He would go as soon as not.他非常乐意去。

·As often as not the buses are late on foggy days.遇多雾天气时,公共汽车经常晚点。

26.not a little意为 “很,很多”

He is not a little tired.他非常累。

He has not a little experience.他有着丰富的经验

27.more often than not意为 “常常,往往”

John is a good swimmer.He wins more often than not.约翰是个游泳健将,他常常在比赛中获奖。

The street is crowded more often than not.这条大街常常很拥挤。

28.cannot wait 后跟不定式,意为“急于做”,表示强调的肯定 I couldn’t wait to see her.我渴望见到她。

I cannot wait to read the book.我非常渴望读到这本书。

29.never(not)„but(that)意为 “每当„„, 总是„„, 没有哪次不是„„”。I never see you but I think of my mother.每当看见你时,我总是想起我的母亲。

He will not be angry but that he is offended.人们惹了他他才会生气。

30.not long before 意为“不久„„就„„”

It was not long before he appeared.他不久就出现了。

It won't be long before we meet again.用不了多久我们就会再见面的。It wasn't long before she became a brave solider.没过多久她就成了一名勇敢的战士。31.more often than not意为 “常常,往往”

John is a good swimmer.He wins more often than not.约翰是个游泳健将,他常常在比赛中获奖。

The street is crowded more often than not.这条大街常常很拥挤。

第五篇:常用前缀的小结

常用前缀的小结(2010-11-16 15:51:35)转载▼标签: 教育

“a-”:①古英语前置词on的缩写形式,含义为“在„之上”,“在„之中”,“进入到„”,“到„”,构成一个谓语或状语成分:aside等;②古英语前置词of的缩写形式:afresh;anew等;③少数情况下不指动作的全过程,只涉及其终结:abide(by)等;④ab的异体字,用在字母p和v之前。“ab”含义为“从,离开”,含义相当于off:absent;abstract;⑤ad的异体字,亦作a-, ac-, af-, ag-, al-, an-, ap, ar-, as-, at-等。通常有“向;增加,增长”的含义,相当于off:absent;abstract。需要和介词构成搭配;⑥an的异体字,通常有“无,缺少”的含义:anecdote等。

“be-”:含义为“附近,到处,周围”,有强调的意味,也常有轻蔑,贬低的意味。常用使不及物动词、名词、形容词等变为及物动词。“bi, by”为其非强调形式。

“com-”:表示“与”,“共”,“合”,“全”,“完整”,“相关”等,有co-, con-, col-, cor-等变体形式。

“contra-”:①“反对”,“相反”,“针对”:contrast等;②“低”,“下”。

“counter-”:①“反对”,“相反”,“针对”,“面对”,“响应”等;②“补充”,“对应”,“类似”,“报答”等;③“替代”,“副本”等。

“de-”:①“否定”,“取消”,“相反”,“颠倒”:decentralize;②“向下”,“下降”:decline;③“离开,脱离”(di-,dis-为变体形式):derail, detrain;④“完全地(加强语气)”(dia为变体形式):defunt, denude等;⑤ 异体字“di”含义为“经过”,“在„之间”,“越过”,“属于”。

“di-”:①“二”;②异体字“dia”,“彻底”,“完全的”;③异体字“dia”含义为“经过”,“在„之间”,“越过”,“属于”。

“dis-”:①否定或相反的含义(见de-, un-);②“除去的”,“分开的”,“离开”;③存在变体“bi”:“完全地”;④ 变体“di”近似“bi”,含义为“二”。

“en-”:该前缀存在“em-”等变体。①“在里面”,“进入”,“放进”,“放在„上面”;②“使”,“使成为”,“使处于„状态”;③加在动词的前面,使它们成为及物动词;如果本身就是及物动词,则赋予它们及物的符号。

“epi-”:①“在„上面”,“在„之上”;②“在„旁”,“在„附近”;③“在„之前”,“在„之后”。

“ex-”:该前缀存在“e-”,“ec-”,“ef-”,“el-”,“em-”,“is-”等变体。①“出自”,“从”;②有时还有相反或否定的含义;③该前缀含有“全部地”,“彻底地”的含义。

“fore-”:①“前”,“先”,“预”;②前部的;(位置)在上的;③变体为“for-”:“离去”,“极度”,“过度”,“不当”。

“in-”:①(有变体en-;em-;im-;ir-等)与动词结合,起及物与强调作用;②(有变体ig-;il-;im-;ir-等)具有反义和否定的作用,可以自由地和英语单词结合构成新词,尤其可与英语的形容词及其派生词、名词结合。

“inter-”:含义主要有:“在„之间”,“在„之中”,“相互地”,“在一起”。

“intra-”:含义主要有:“在内”,“进入”,“向内”。

“meta-”:含义主要有:“继„后”,“带有”,“同„一道”,“超过”,“在„中间”,“位于„后”等。其他前缀“ortho-”以及“para-”有类似的用法。

“mis-”:①单纯的否定;②“坏”,“误”,“错误”,“不正确的”等。

“non-”:通常起到单纯的否定作用。

“ob-”:变体形式为“o-”,“oc-”,“of-”,“op-”等。①含义为“向”,“到”,“在„上面”,“在„上空”,“对„”等;②现在用来表达“逆”,“反”,“非”,“倒”等。

“out-”:出现于各种意义的复合词中,亦可构成许多及物动词,表示在某种指明的行动中的超出、超越或胜出。

“over-”:出现于各种意义的复合词中,尤用于下列含义:“超过界限”,“过度”,“过分”,“太”,以构成动词、形容词、副词和名词。

“para-”:①含义为“旁”;有时还有“附近”,“超越”,“侧面”,“偏差”等含义;②含义为“保护”,“防护”,“防止”,“为防止„而作好战斗的准备;避开„(危险)”等。

“per-”:变体为“pol-”。①“通过”,“彻底地”,“完全”,“十分”等;②“高”,“过”等。

“peri-”:含义为“大约”,“附近”,“周围”,“超过”等。

“post-”:含义为“后„”,“次„”等。

“pre-”:①含义为“在前„”;②“在„之前”,“早的”,“预先的”,“在前的”以及其他的比喻用法。

“pro-”:变体形式为“pur-;por-”。①含义为“亲”,“赞成”,“偏袒”,为“anti-”的对立面;②表示“在空间或时间上优先”,尤其包含“向前进,向前或向外突出”等;③常加在不用作词的词干前面。

“re-”:①“回复,回报,相互”:repay, restore, react, revenge;②“又,再,重新,反复”:remarry, reappear, retell;③“反对,对立”:rebel, repel, resist;④“在后,往后”:recall, remain, repent, retard, revert;⑤“退隐,隐秘”:recluse, reticence;⑥“离开,放掉,去,下”:resign, repress等。

“se-”:含义主要有:“离去”,“离开”,“往侧面移动,离开”。

“sub-”:变体形式有“su-”,“suc-”,“suf-”,“sug-”,“sum-”,“sup-”,“sur-”,“sus-”等。①“在„下面”,“在„下方”等;②“轻微地”,“不完整”,“近乎”等;③“次要的”,“次要的”,“附属的”。

“super-”:变体形式为“sur-”等。①“上”,“超”等;②“上面”,“超出”,“另外”,“过度”等。

“syn-”:①“与”,“共”,“同”,“合”等;②“同时”等;③“相同”,“相像”,“相似”等。

“trans-”:①“横过”,“穿过”,“超越”,“贯通”,“通过”,“切地改变”,“横断”等;②“切”等。

“un-”:①“不”,“非”,“未”等;②构成动词的前缀,在英语中用法自由,表示相反的动作或状态,或去除,剥夺或解脱。

“under-”:前缀定语性用法,表示:①(地点或位置)“在„下”,“低于”等;②(级别或地位)“次于”,“低于”;③(程度,范围或数量)“低于”,“少于”或“不足”等。

“with-”:①“往回,离去”:withdraw;②“反对,对抗”:withhold, withstand。

特别提示】在英语语言历史演变的过程中,单词的词形和词义都会发生或多或少的变化,但是“万变不离其宗”。词根、词缀是构成英语单词的元素,了解、牢记和把握这些元素,可以牢固地掌握单词的意义,达到事半功倍的学习效果。对于应试的读者,词根在篇章中所起到的一致性和连贯性的作用更是非同小可。本词根表中,出现的词汇仅仅为考试大纲词汇表所要求的,但是如果掌握好这些词根,也同样为将来的学习打下了坚实的基础。

“-acer-/-egr-”: sour;sharp(酸;锋利)→acid;acute;acrimony;eager;vinegar

“-act-/-ag-”: do;perform;drive(做;行为;冲)→act;action;actor;activate;activity;agency;agent;agenda;agitate;essay;exact;interact;react;transaction;activist*;agile*

“-aer-/-air-”: air;mist(空气)→aerial;aeroplane;airplane;aerobics;air;aircraft;airline;airport

“-aesm-/-aesti-”: estimate;value(估计)→aim;estimate;esteem

“-agri-/-ager-”: field;land(田野;地)→agriculture;agrarian;pilgrim

“-add-/-dere-/-agger-”: heap;put(堆积;放置)→add;additional;addition;exaggerate

“-agon-”: struggle;anguish(痛苦)→agony

“-aisl-/-isle-”: wing(翼)→aisle

“-ali-/-alt-/-el-”: foreign;other;(change)(外;其他;变化)→alien;alter;alternate;altruism;else;elsewhere;unalienable*;adulterate*

“-alti-/-alto-”: high;top(高;提高)→altitude;alto;enhance;old

“-am-/-ama-/-ami-”: love(爱)→amateur;amiable;enemy

“-ambi-”: going around(走动)→ambassador;ambiguous;ambition;ambulance;amble

“-amplus-”: spacious(大;宽敞)→ample;amplify;amplifier

“-anima-”: life;breath;mind(生命)→animal;animate;unanimous;animate*

“-ann-”: years(年)→anniversary;annual

“-ante-/-ant-/-anti-”: before(前;之前)→anticipate

“-apt-/-ept-”: fit;fitted;suitable;fasten(适当;紧)→apt;adapt;adaptation;inept

“-arc-”: bow(弓)→arch

“-archi-”: chief(主要)→architect;architecture

“-arm-”: weapon(武器)→arm;alarm

“-art-/-arti-/-ert-”: craftsmanship(艺术;技艺)→art;artist;artificial;inertia

“-aster-/-astr-”: stars(星星)→astronaut;disaster;disastrous

“-atmo-”: vapor(气)→atmosphere

“-auc-/-aug-/-auth-”: increase;growth(增加)→auction;augment;author;authority;auxiliary

“-aud-/-aur-/-edi-”: hear;hearing;ear(听)→audience;audit;aural;obedience;obedient;obey

“-auto-/-auth-”: self;genuine(自己;真正的)→authentic;automate;automobile;automatic;automation

“-avan-/-aban-/-ante-”: set out before(前)→advance;advanced;advantage;disadvantage;vantage

“-avia-”: bird(鸟)→aviation

“-balk-/-balc-”: beam;ridge(横梁;阻碍)→balcony

“-ball-/-bull-/-bu-/-bow-/-pill-”: dance;globe(球;圆)→ball;ballet;balloon;bowl;bowling;bubble;bulb;bull;bullet;bulletin;bully;pill

“-band-/-bend-/-bond-/-bind-/-bunc-”: join;combine(limit)(结合;限制)→abandon;ban;band;bandage;bend;bind;bond;binding;bound;boundary;bunch*;bondage*

“-bank-/-bench-/-banqu-”: bench(长凳“过去为金融交易的地方”)→bank;bankrupt;bench;banquet;bench

“-bar-”: stick;rod(长木条)→bar;barrel;embarrassment “-bas-/-bass-”: of low height;pedestal(基础)→base;baseball;basic;basis;database

“-bat-/-bar-/-bell-”: club;hit(木棍;打击)→bar;barrel;barrier;bat;battery;battle;combat;debate;batter*;belligerent*;abate*;baton*;billiard*;rebuke*

“-bene-/-bon-”: good(好;善)→benefit;beneficial;bonus

“-bi-/-bin-/-bo-”: two;twice(二;两;双)→binary;balance;bicycle;billion;biscuit;both;combination;combine

“-biblio-”: books(书)→Bible;bibliography

“-bill-/-bull-”: seal;document;boss(玉玺;印章)→bill;bulletin;bull;bully

“-bio-/-bi-”: life(生命)→biography;aerobics

“-blam-/-blasm-”: blaspheme(亵渎)→blame;blaspheme*

“-brac-”: arms(双臂)→brace;bracket;brake;embrace

“-bread-/-breed-/-brib-”: crumb;morsel(面包)→bread;breed;bribe;bribery

“-break-/-breach-/-brick-”: break(打破)→break;breach;brick;brisk

“-brev-/-brief-”: short(短;简)→brief;brevity

“-bri-/-brill-”: shine(闪耀)→bright;brighten;brilliant

“-cal-/-car-/-char-”: heat(热量)→calm;calorie;carbon;charcoal;coal

“-camp-/-champ-”: field;plain;battlefield(战场;田地)→camp;campus;campaign;champion

“-can-/-chan-/-cap-/-cat-/-chief-”: ①small vessel;tube;②head;chief(小容器;管/头;首)→achieve;cabbage;can;canal;candy;canoe;cannon;cap;cape;capital;capitalism;captain;cattle;chapter;cheek;chef;chief;choke;escape;channel;*cane;canyon*;cunning*;uncanny*

“-cap-/-cab-/-cip-/-cas-/-cach-/-chas-/-ceiv-/-cept-/-ceit-/-cup-” : take;catch;seize;realize;contain;hold(拿;抓;捕;握)→anticipate;accept;capture;captivity;cable;capable;capacity;capsule;captive;captivity*;case;cash;cashier;cassette;catch;cater;chase;conceive;concept;conception;cop;copy;deceive;deceit;except;exception;occupation;occupy;participate;perceive;prince;receipt;receive;reception;recipe;reciprocal;recover;recovery;susceptible;capricious*;capsize*;conceit*;recuperate*;apperceive*;caption*;covert*;disciple*;encapsulate*;precept*;preoccupy*;receptacle* “-car-/-char-”: cart;carry;wagon;load(车;载)→car;career;cargo;carpenter;carriage;carrier;carry;cart;charge

“-card-/-chart-”: paper(纸)→card;chart;charter

“-cav-”: cave;hollow(洞穴)→cave;cavity*;concave*

“-ceal-/-cel-/-cul-”: hide(躲藏)→conceal;occult*

“-cel-/-cell-/-celer-”: rise up;swift;high(升高;快速)→excel;excellent;accelerate;decelerate;culminate*

“-cent-/-cens-/-chant-”①: sing;song;chant(歌唱)→accent;charm;chorus;incentive;cant*;enchant*

“-cent-”②: a hundred;hundredth(百;百分之一)→cent;centigrade;century;centimeter

“-cent-/centr-”③: center(中心)→center;central;concentrate;eccentric

“-cern-”: mingle with;mix(混合)→concern;discern;discreet;decree*

“-cerp-/-carp-”: select;pluck(选择)→excerpt;scarce;scarcely

“-cert-”: ①certain;②strive;work(确证/争取)→ascertain;certain;certainly;certainty;concert;uncertainty;certificate;certify;decertify*

“-cess-/-ceed-/-ced-/-ces-”: move;go(行,走,动)→access;ancestor;cease;cheese;concede;concession;exceed;exceedingly;excess;precede;precedent;preceding;predecessor;procedure;proceed;proceedings;process;procession;recede;succeed;success;successful;succession;successive;successor;incessant*;deceased*

“-chai-/-cait-”: chain;link(联系)→chain

“-chiev-/-chef-/-chief-”: head;conclusion(头,首)→achieve;chef;chief;mischief

“-cid-/-cad-/-cas-/chans-”: fall(下降;降落;天意)→accident;case;casual;casualty;chance;cheat;coincide;coincidence;decay;incidence;incident;incidentally;occasion;occasionally;recidivism*;decadent*

“-circ-/-cycle-”: round;ring(圆;环)→bicycle;circle;circuit;circular;circulate;circumstance;circus;cycle;cylinder;recycle;search

“-cis/-cid-”: cut(剪,砍,剁)→cement;concise;decide;decision;precise;precisely;precision;scissors;suicide

“-cit-/-civ-”①: citizen(公民)→citizen;city;civil;civilian;civilize;civilization

“-cite-/-cit-”②: rouse;summon;excite;stimulate(唤;召;激)→cite;excite;excitement;exciting;recite;entice*

“-claim-/-clam-”: shout;call;appeal(呼,唤,争)→acclaim;claim;exclaim;proclaim;reclaim;declaim*

“-clar-/-clear-”: clear(清楚,清晰)→clarity;clear;declare;declaration

“-class-”: rank;fleet(队,级)→class;classify;classified;classification

“-clim-/-climb-”: ladder(梯)→climax;climb

“-clim-/-clin-”: incline;tend;bend(倾,弯)→climate;climax;decline;incline

“-clud-/-claus-/-clos-”: close;shut(关,闭,合)→clause;close;conclude;conclusion;disclose;enclose;enclosure;exclude;exclusive;include;inclusive;preclude;secluded*

“-cogn-/-quain-/-gnos-/-know-/-gnor-/-gna-”: to know perfectly(认知)→acquaintance;cognitive;acknowledge;diagnosis;ignorance;ignorant;ignore;know;knowledge;narrative;noble;notice;noticeable;notify;notion;notorious;recognition;recognize;cognition*;quaint*

“-colo-/-cole-/-cult-”: farm;settlement;cultivate;inhabit(殖,植)→agriculture;colony;colonial;culture;cultivate;cult*

“-commo-/-commu-”: general;universal;share(共,普,享)→common;communicate;communication;community

“-contra-/-counter-”: against;opposite(反对,对抗)→contradiction;contrary;contrast;country

“-cord-/-cor-/-cour-”: heart;gut(心,内脏)→accord;cord;cordial;core;courage;discourage;encourage;record;recorder

“-coupl-/-cop-”: birth;pair(结子;连接)→couple

“-corp-/-corpus-”: body(身体)→corporate;corporation;incorporate

“-cosm-/-kosm-”: universe;order;world(宇宙,世界)→cosmic

“-count-”: count;calculate;compute(计,算,数)→account;accountant;count;counter;county;discount “-coup-/-cop-”: cut;to strike(剪,击)→coupon

“-cours-/-cor-/-cur-”: run;flow(跑,流)→corridor;course;current;currency;curriculum;discourse;excursion;hurry;incur;intercourse;occur;occurrence;recur;recourse*

“-covr-/-cover-”: cover over(覆盖)→cover;discover;uncover

“-creat-”: make;produce(产生;创造)→create;creation;creativity;creature;creationism;recreate

“-cred-”: credit;faith(相信)→credential;credit;discredit;credible;credulous;grant;incredible;creed*

“-cres-/-creas-/-cruit-”: grow(增加,增长)→concrete;crew;decrease;increase;increasingly;recruit;crescent*

“-crim-”: verdict;accusation(裁决,判决;指控)→crime;criminal;criminologist*

“-crimin-/-cris-/-crit-/-cros-/-crux-”: ①cross;②divide;decide;able to discern(十字形;分开,区分)→cross;crucial;cruise;// crisis;criteria;discriminate;discrimination;crusade*

“-crop-”: sprout;craw(萌芽;芽)→crop;cruise

“-crud-/-crud-/-crue-”: press;hurry(血腥,粗糙;敦促;急迫)→crude;cruel;cruelty;crowd

“-cuit-/-cuis-”: cook(烹饪)→biscuit

“-cum(u)-/-cil-”: heap up(堆积)→accumulate;council;coil;cull*

“-cur-/-car-/-cher-”: care;dear(关心;珍爱)→accurate;accuracy;care;careful;caress;charity;cherish;cure;curious;secure;security;charity*;precarious*

“-cus-/-curs-”: curse(诅咒)→accuse;curse;excuse

“-damn-/-demn-/-temn-”: damn(谴责)→condemn;contempt;damage;damn;danger

“-day-/-dai-”: day(日;天)→dial;daily;day;diary

“-dec-/-deci-”: ten

(十)→dean;decade;December;decimal

“-dece-/-deco-”: ornament(教堂装饰)→decent;decorate

“-demo-”: people;folk(民;民众)→democracy;democratic;epidemic;demography* “-dense-”: thick(厚;浓)→condense;dense;density

“-deterior-”: worse(更糟糕)→deteriorate

“-di-/-du-/-doub-/-dub-”: two(二,两,双;怀疑,可疑)→dilemma;double;dubious;duplicate;dual*;doubt;doubtful;undoubtedly

“-dic-”: fix(固定;决定)→addict

“-dic-/-diti-/-dex-/-doc-/-dox-”: ①speak;②teach;show;belief(说;教,信仰)→condition;contradict;contradiction;contradictory;dedicate;dictate;dictation;discipline;index;indicate;indication;predict;verdict;//doctor;doctrine;document;orthodox;paradox;indict*;jurisdiction*;docile*;dogma*

“-digni-/-divi-/-divu-/-dei-”: god;worth;merit(神;价值,优点)→divine;dignity;indignity*;disdain*

“-domai-/-domi-”: lord(贵族;封地)→domain;dome;domestic;dominant;dominate;domineering*;dauntless*

“-dorm-/-diz-/-doz-/-daz-”: sleep;quiet;lull;weak(睡眠;眩目;安静)→dazzle;dizzy;doze;dormant;dormitory;daze*

“-dot-/-dote-/-don-/-dat-/-dos-/-dit-”: give;grant(给予;授予)→anecdote;donate;dote;data;date;dose;dosage;edit;editor;edition;editorial;endow;pardon;render;tradition;treason;update;up-to-date

“-drain-/-dry-/-drou-”: dry(干燥)→drain;draught;dry;drought;drug;draw;dredge*

“-dram-/-dras-”: do;perform(做;履行)→drama;dramatically;drastic

“-dress-”: direct;straight;arrange(直接;安排)→address;dress

“-drift-/-drive-”: float(漂移)→drift

“-duc-/-duct-/-doc-”: lead(领,导)→conduce;conduct;deduce;dock;educate;education;induce;introduce;introduction;produce;product;production;productivity;reduce;reduction;reproduce;seduce*

“-due-/-dev-/-deb-”: owe(欠)→debt;due;duty;endeavor;undue;unduly*;dues*

“-dur-/-duur-”: last;harden(延续;艰辛)→door;durable;duration;during;endurance;endure;indulge

“-dare-/-durr-/-turr-”: venture;dare(冒险)→dare

“-ease-/-aise-”: comfort;to relieve(安逸;减轻)→disease;ease;easy;uneasy

“-eco-”: life;environment;money(生命;环境;金钱)→ecology;economic;economical;economics;economy

“-equa-”: to equal;level(平等;等同)→adequate;equal;equality;equation;equivalent

“-ern-”: energetic;activity(能量;活动)→earnest;energy

“-err-”: wanderer;to err(偏移;过错)→erroneous;error

“-esse-/-ens-/-esse-/-est-”: to exist;to be(存在)→absent;absence;entity;essence;interest;presence;present;presently;represent;representative

“-eston-/-stun-”: strike with thunder(打击;惊异)→astonish;pierce

“-et-/-eat-/-ed-”: eat(吃)→eat;eatable;edible

“-ethn-/-ethno-”: nation;race(民族;种族)→ethnic

“-exam-/-exem-”: weigh;take out(掂量;取样)→exam;examination;example;sample

“-exo-/-ext-”: outside(在外)→exotic;exterior;external;extra;extreme

“-fabr-/-forg-”: workshop;craftsman(制作;工艺)→fabric;fabricate;forge

“-face-/-fac-/-fect-/-fic-/-fy/-feas-/-fair-/-feat-”: to do;to make;// easy;facile(做,作,制;容易)→affair;affect;benefit;beneficial;to certificate;defeat;defect;deficient;effect;effective;efficiency;efficient;exemplify;face;fact;factor;factory;fashion;fashionable;feasible;feat;feature;fiction;infect;infection;office;officer;official;perfect;perfection;proficiency;profit;profitable;suffice;sufficient;superficial;surface;faction*;// difficult;difficulty;facilitate;facility;faculty;facet*;prefecture*;profiteering*

“-fail-/-fal-/-faut-”: to disappoint;deceitful(失误,失望;欺骗)→fail;failure;fall;false;fault;fell

“-faint-/-faind-”: sluggish;feigned;idle(闲游)→faint

“-fari-/-fame-/-fate-/-face-/fabu-/-phec-/-fess-/-fit-”: speak;narrative(说,讲,谈)→confess;confession;fable;fabulous;fame;famous;fate;fatal;infant;preface;profess;profession;professor;professional;prophet;fabulous* fudge*

“-fasc-”: bewitch;charm;an enchantment(着迷)→fascinate

“-fav-”: protect;show kindness to(庇护;善意)→favor;favorite;favorite

“-feb-”: weep;to be lamented(哀泣)→feeble

“-fend-/-fence-/-fens-”: protect;shield;strike(保护)→defend;fence;offence;offend;offensive

“-fer-/-far-/-fert-/-ford-”: bring;take;carry;to bear(birth)(带,拿,载,承担)→afford;affordable*;confer;conference;cf;differ;different;difference;differentiate;ferry;fertile;indifferent;infer;inference;metaphor;offer;prefer;preferable;preference;refer;reference;suffer;transfer;translate;deferential*

“-feri-/-feru-”: low;below(漂移)→inferior

“-fid-/-fait-/-fed-/-fy-”: trust;confidence(信任,相信)→confide;confident;confidence;defy;defiance;faith;faithful;federal;federation;diffident*

“-fier-/-feru-”: wild;savage(野蛮)→fierce

“-fil-”: son, brother(儿子,兄弟)→affiliate

“-fin-”: end;limit(端点;限制)→confine;confinement;define;definite;definition;definitely;fine;final;finance;financial;fine;finish;finite;infinite

“-fir-/-foc-/-fue-/-fur-/ ” : fire;rage(火,热;愤怒)→fire;fiery;focus;fuel;furious;furnace;fury

“-firm-/-firm-/-farm-”: make firm;settle(稳健,稳固)→affirm;confirm;farm;firm

“-flat-/-flar-”: blow(吹,)→inflate;inflation;deflate*;deflation*

“-flex-/-flect-”: bend(弯曲,折)→flexible;reflect;reflection

“-flic-”: strike→(打击,撞击)conflict;afflict;inflict*

“-flu-/-flu-/-flo-”: flow;wave(流动;波动)→affluent;float;flow;flood;fluctuate;fluent;fluid;flush;fly;influence;influential;overflow;superfluous

“-fod-/-fos-”: dug up;dig(挖,掘)→fossil

“-fori-”: outside(外部;外围)→foreign;foreign;forest;forum

“-form-”: form;shape;fashion(形式,形状,方式)→conform;conformist;form;formal;format;formation;formula;formulate;inform;reform;transform;deform*

“-fort-/-fors-”: ①chance;②strong(天意;强大,力量)→fortune;fortunate;misfortune;// comfort;comfortable;uncomfortable;effort;enforce;force;reinforce;fortitude*;fortress*;fortify*

“-fostr-”: feed;food(食物;滋养)→foster

“-frac-/-frag-”: break(打破,破裂)→fraction;fracture;fragile;fragment

“-fray-”: frighten;disturb(惊异;打扰)→afraid

“-front-”: forehead(额头)→confront

“-func-/-fung-” : perform;discharge(功用)→function

“-fund-/-found-”: bottom;deep;melt;cast(底;深)→found;foundation;fund;fundamental;profound

“-fus-/-fut-/-fund-”: mingle;mix;pour;beat(混合;倾倒)→confuse;diffuse;fund;fuse;futile;refund;refuse;refusal;transfuse*

“-gage-”: pledge(保证,誓言,抵押)→engage;engagement

“-gard-/-guard-”: look;watch;see(关注,认知)→disregard;guard;regard;regarding;regardless

“-genus-/-gene-/-gine-”: origin;race;produce;breed;talent;contrive;kind(起源;产生;创造;种类)→degenerate;engine;engineer;engineering;gender;gene;general;generalize;generate;generation;generator;generous;genetic;genius;genuine;homogeneous;ingenious;congenital*;genre*

“-gest-”: carry;to bear;bring(载;拿)→digest;gesture;register;suggest;suggestion;gesticulate*

“-graph-/-gram-”: writing(写)→bibliography;biography;autobiography;diagram;program;calligraphy*

“-grat-/-gree-/-grac-”: rejoice;pleasure(快乐;高兴)→agree;agreement;agreeable;congratulate;disgrace;grace;grateful;gratitude;greet;greeting;ingratiate*;gratis*

“-grav-/-grave-/-grie-/-gret-”: make heavier(变得沉重)→aggravate;grave;gravity;grieve;grief;regret;grievance*

“-gress-/-grad-/-gree-/-greg-/-gru-”: step;go;flock(步伐;走;聚合)→aggressive;aggression;congress;degree;grade;gradual;graduate;progress;progressive;segregate;upgrade;transgress*;gregarious*

“-guise-”: manner(方式)→disguise

“-gust-/-gous-”: taste(品味;胃口)→disgust

“-hab-/-hib-”: hand;hold(forth);have;living condition;dress;character(拿;持;生存;穿戴)→able;disable;exhibit;habit;habitat;heave;heavy;inhibit;prohibit;*rehabilitate;inhibit*;cohabit*

“-hale-”: whole;pull;draw;breathe(吸;拉)→haul;heal;health;healthy;inhale

“-hanc-/-haut-”: high;raise(高度)→enhance

“-hand-/-haur-/-haus-”: seize;draw(手;取;拿;抓)→exhaust;hand;handbook;handicap;handkerchief;handle;handsome;handwriting;handy;hint

“-her-/-hes-”: to stick to(粘,贴)→adhere;cohere;coherent;cohesive;hesitate

“-host-/-hosp-”: guest;inn;enemy(旅店,客人;敌人)→hospital;hospitality;host;hostess;hostage;hotel

“-iden-”: same(完全相同)→identical;identify;identification;identity

“-imi-/-ima-”: copy;representation(复制;代表)→image;imaginary;imagination;imaginative;imagine;imitate

“-initi-/-ire-/-it-”: initiate;go(开始;行走)→commence;exit;initial;initiate;initiative;issue;perish;transient;transition

“-insul-/-isol-/-isle-”: made into an island(岛屿;孤立)→insulate;isolate;peninsula

“-jac-/-jec-/-ject-”: to lie;throw(位置;扔向)→adjacent;adjective;eject;inject;jet;object;objection;objective;project;projector;reject;subject;subjective;deject*;conjecture*

“-jun-/-jon-/-junc-”: add;join;unite(加入;增加;联合)→conjunction;junction;jungle;join;adjoin;adjunct

“-just-/-jur-/-judg-/-judi-”: just;right;law(公正;法律;权利)→just;adjust;injury;judge;judgment;judicious;jury;just;justice;justice;justify;prejudice “-jut-/-juv-”: help(帮助;用途)→aid

“-lab-/-lap-”: fall;slip(滑倒;闪失)→collapse;elapse;lap;lapse

“-labor-”: toil;work(工作,辛苦)→elaborate;lab;laboratory;labor

“-lais-/-lax-/lac-”: to leave;slack;lax;loosen(松开;离开)→delay;elastic;lace;lack;lazy;lease;let;loose;loosen;relax;relay;release;relish;slack;unleash*

“-langu-/-lingu-”: tongue;language(舌头;语言)→language;linguistic

“-leg-/-leag-/-lec-/-lig-/-lite-”: choose;select(挑选;精选)→colleague;collect;collection;collective;diligent;elect;elegant;eligible;elite;intellectual;intelligence;intelligent;intelligible;league;neglect;negligible;recollect;select;selection;negligent

“-lex-/-leg-/-lig-/-alier-/-alo-”: law;binding;tie(法律;捆绑;限制)→ally;alliance;alloy;colleague;illegal;legal;league;legislation;legislative;legitimate;leisure;liability;liable;loyal;;loyalty;obligation;oblige;privilege;rally;reliant;reliable;rely;religion;religious;liaison*;litigant*

“-lev-/-lieve-”: light;lighten;raise(减轻;提高)→alleviate;relief;elevate;elevator;lever;levy;relevant;relief;relieve

“-libr-/-leve-”: to weigh;scales(衡量;天平)→deliberate;level

“-lic-/-lect-” : pleasure(愉快;愉悦)→delicate;delicious;delight;delectable*;relics*;relish*

“-lit-/-litte-/-lege-”: letters;reading and writing(字母;读写能力)→illiterate;lecture;legend;lesson;letter;literacy;literally;literary

“-loc-/-lic-/-liber-/-libr-”: place;to be allowed;freedom(地点;应允;自由)→allocate;allow;couch;leisure;license;local;locality;locate;location;locale*;// deliver;liberal;liberate;liberty

“-logos-/-log-/-logue-/-leg-/-lect-”: speech;cite;ratio(话语;引证;比例)→allege;allegation;analogue;apology;apologize;;dialect;dialogue;eloquent;logic;eulogize*

“-loud-/-low-/-laud-”: extol;praise(抬高;称赞)→loud;aloud

“-lue-/-lut-/-lav-”: wash(洗)→dilute;laundry;lavatory;lavish*

“-lum-/-lus-” : light(光,辉)→illuminate;illustrate;illustration;luminous*;luster*

“-magni-/-mast-/-maj-/-man-/-mas-”: great;more;to a greater extent;man(男性;伟大;雄伟)→magistrate;magnificent;magnify;magnitude;majesty;major;majority;male;man;marital;marriage;married;marry;masculine;master;maximum;mayor;* maxim

“-mand-/-mend-”: correct(正确;改正)→amend;mend

“-manu-”: hand(手;控制)→maintain;maintenance;manage;management;manager;manoeuvre;manifest;manner;manual;manufacture;manuscript;*manifesto;emancipation*;manacle*;mound*

“-mass-”: lump;dough(面团)→mass;massive

“-mat-”: mother(母体)→material;matter;maternal*

“-maz-”: surprise(惊异)→amaze;amazing

“-med-”: heal(治疗;理疗)→medical;medicine;medication;remedy;medication*

“-memo-/-mind-/-ment-/-mod-”: mind;think;brain(大脑;思考;思索)→commemorate;comment;meditate;mediation;memo;memorial;memory;mention;mind;remember;remind;mental;mood;amnesty*;premeditate*;reminiscence*

“-merc-/-mark-”: wares;merchandise;goods;trade(商品;货物;交换)→commerce;market;merchandise;merchant;mercury;mercy;mart*;mercenary*

“-merg-/-mers-”: dip;plunge(沉浸;浸入)→emerge;emergence;emergency;immerse;merge;submerge

“-meter-/-mens-/-mod-/-mold-”: measure;manner;make fit(量化;恰当;合适)→accommodate;centimeter;commodity;diameter;dimension;immense;mate;meal;measure;meter;metric;millimeter;mode;model;moderate;modern;modernization;modest;modify;module;mould;parameter;symmetry;commensurate*;out-moded*;modular*

“-mid-/-med-/-mon-/-mun-”: middle;common(中间;中庸;共同;普通)→amid;common;commonplace;commonwealth;communication;communicate;communism;immediate;intermediate;mean;means;meantime;meanwhile;medieval;medium;middle;midst;meddle*

“-mine-/-main-/-man-”: stand;stay(处于;状态)→eminent;permanent;prominent;remain;remainder;remains;remnant

“-mini-/-minu-/-mino-”: small;reduce(少;小;减少)→administer;administration;diminish;menu;miniature;minimize;minimum;minister;ministry;minor;minority;minus;minute;mince*

“-miru-/-mire-/-mare-”: wonder;wonderful(惊异;奇迹)→admire;admirable;admiration;marvelous;miracle;mirror;mirage*

“-mit-/-mis-/-mess-/-mand-/-mend-”: send;put;join;entrust;order(送;放;加入;委托)→admit;admission;command;commend;commit;commission;committee;compromise;demand;demanding;dismiss;emit;intermittent;mess;message;messenger;missile;mission;missionary;omit;permission;permit;premise;promise;promising;recommend;submit;transmit;transmission;mandate(委任)*;submissive*;unremitting*;promissory*

“-mob-/-mot-/-mov-/-mo-/-migr-”: to move;change one’s abode(动;移动;搬迁)→automobile;emigrate;immigrant;emotion;locomotive;migrate;migrant;mob;mobile;mobilize;moment;momentary;motion;motivation;motivate;motive;motor;move;movie;movement;promote;remote;removal;remove;demobilization*;demote*

“-mon-/-mons-”: show;warn(告戒;告示)→demonstrate;monitor;monster;monument;admonish*;muster*

“-mount-”: mountain;climb(山;增高)→amount;mount

“-mune-/-muno-”: duty;service(职责;功用)→immune;immunity;municipal

“-muse-/-muse-”: think;art of the Muses(思索)→amuse;museum;music

“-mute-/-miss-”: change;replace(改变;替换)→commute;miss;missing;mutual;commuter*“-name-/-nom-/-nym-”: naming(名称;提名;命名)→name;namely;nominal;nominate;noun;surname;nominal*

“-nat-/-nas-”: to be born(出生,天生)→innate;naïve;nation;national;nationality;native;natural;nature;pregnant;renaissance

“-nec-”: bind;tie(捆绑;联系)→connect;necessary;annex*

“-neg-/-ny-/-n-”: say “no”(否定;否认)→deny;denial;negate;negative;no;nor;neither

“-noc-/-nui-”: harm;hurt;injure(伤害)→annoy;innocent;nuisance;odium;ennui

“-norm-”: rule;pattern(规则;尺度)→abnormal;enormous;norm;normal;normalization;enormity*

“-note-/-nota-”: mark;sign;indication(标记)→denote;notable;note;notebook

“-nov-/-new-”: new(新)→innovation;new;news;novel;novelty;renew;renovate

“-num-”: number(数字)→innumerable;number;numerical;numerous

“-nunc-/-nunti-/-nounce-”: messenger;announce;report(信息;宣布;报告)→announce;announcement;denounce;pronounce;pronunciation;renounce*;enunciation*;renunciation*

“-nur-/-nut-”: nourish;feed(滋养;抚育)→nurse;nursery;nurture;nutrition;nurture;nourish*;malnourished*

“-ole-/-ale-/-ule-” : feed;nourish(成长,滋养)→abolish;adolescent;adult;coalition;old;(aliment;prolific)

“-opera-”: work(运作)→cooperate;cooperation;cooperative;manoeuvre;office;opera;operate;operation;operator;operational

“opt ”: choose(选择)→adopt;adopted;adoption;opt;optional

“-ordin-/-order-”: arranging(安排;排列)→coordinate;coordination;disorder;order;orderly;ordinary;subordinate

“-ore-/-ora-”: pray;speak;say(说话;祈祷;崇拜)→adore;orate;oration

“-organ-”: implement;work;tool(工具;机体)→organ;organic;organization;organize;organism

“-ori-”: rise(升起;出现)→arise;arouse;origin;orient;oriental;orientation;origin;original;originate

“-pact-/-pag-”: fasten;contract(捆绑;收紧)→compact;impact;page;pact

“-pair-/-pejor-”: worse(使更糟)→impair;pejorative*

“-pal-/-pale-”: pale(惨白)→appall;pale

“-pan-”: bread(面包)→accompany;company;companion

“-pand-”: spread;extend(扩展;发展)→expand;expansion

“-par-/-pare-”①: ready;prepare;bring(准备)→apparatus;parade;parent;prepare;preparation;repair

“-pare-/-pari-/-pero-/-peri-” ②: equal;order;place(对等;等级)→compare;comparison;comparable;emperor;empire;imperative;imperial;pair;peer;separate;several;disparity*

“-part-/-parc-/-port-”: part;piece;divide(部分;分开)→apart;apartment;compartment;depart;department;impart;impartial;parcel;part;partial;participate;particle;particular;partly;partner;party;patch;portion “-pace-/-pass-/-pet-”: step(步伐;行走)→compass;pace;pass;passage;passenger;passerby;passport;past;pastime;surpass;

“-pater-/-patri-”: father(父亲)→patriotic;patron;pattern;patriarchal*;patriarch*

“-pati-/-pass-/-path-”: suffering;emotion;feelings(痛苦;情感;感受)→compassion;compatible;impatient;passion;passive;pathetic;patient;patience;sympathetic;sympathize;sympathy;repent*

“-pax-/-peace-/-pac-”: peace(和平;安静)→pacific;pay;peace

“-pear-/-par-”: become visible(可见的)→apparent;appear;appearance;apparently;disappear;transparent

“-ped-/-pes-”: foot(脚;足;行)→expedition;pedal;pedestrian;impeachment*;impede*

“-pel-/-pul-/-pete-/-peat-”: drive;push;seek(推动;争夺;寻觅)→appetite;appeal;appealing;compel;compete;competition;competitive;competitor;competent;compulsory;expel;impetus;perpetual petition;impulse;propel;pull;pulse;push;repel;unappealing;repeal*;dispel*;repulse*

“-pend-/-pens-”①: hang(悬挂)→appendix;depend;dependent;dependence;independence;independent;pendulum;suspend;perpendicular*

“-pend-/-pens-/-pound-/-pounce-”②: weigh;pay(掂量;量化;钱财)→compensate;compensation;expend;expenditure;expensive;indispensable;pension;ponder;pound;spend;dispensable*

“-spers-/-sperg-”: scatter(散开)→disperse;disperse;sparse

“-peri-/-pers-/-pert-”: prove;proof;peril(证明;证实)→experience;experiment;experimental;expert

“-peri-”: around;near;about;away(周围;附近;离去)→period;periodical;perish

“-phant-/-fant-/-fanc-/-pha-”: vision;show(视觉;显现)→fancy;fantasy;phase;phenomenon

“-pic-/-ping-”: paint(绘,画)→depict;paint;painter;painting;picture;pine;picturesque*

“-pile-/-pole-”: pack(组合)→compile;pile;pillar;pole;polar

“-plac-/-plea-”: pleasure(快乐)→plea;plead;pleasant;please;pleasure;complacently*

“-place-”: place(地点;放置)→displace;place;replace

“-plain-/-plang-”: bewail;lament(挽歌)→complain;complaint

“-plan-/-plain-”: flatten;level(平坦)→explain;explanation;plain

“-plaud-/-plaus-/-plode-”: clap(拍手;鼓掌)→applaud;applause;explode;plausible

“-ple-/-pli-/-ply-”: fill up(充满)→accomplish;complement;complete;compliment;comply;implement;plenty;supply;depletion*;replenish*;replete*

“-plec-/-plic-/-plo-/-ply-”: braid;fold(折叠)→appliance;application;apply;complex;complicate;complicated;diploma;diplomatic;display;duplicate;employ;employment;explicit;exploit;implication;implicit;imply;multiply;perplex;plait;plight;reply;simple;simplicity;simplify;simply;deploy*;plait*;pleat*

“-plor-”: weep;cry(哭泣;争夺)→deplore;explore;implore*

“-point-/-punt-”: point(点)→appoint;appointment;punctual

“-pon-/-pos-/-pound-”: put;place(放置;地点)→component;compose;composite;composition;compound;deposit;disposal;dispose;disposable;disposition;expose;exposure;impose;opponent;oppose;opposite;poem;poet;poetry;pose;position;positive;post;postage;postcard;poster;postman;postpone;posture;preposition;proposal;propose;proposition;suppose;appose*;decompose*;potency*;presupposition*;proponent*;repose*

“-pop-/-pub-”: crowd;nation;people(大众;民众)→people;pop;populace;popular;population;populist;public;publication;publicity;publish;republic;republican

“-port-”: carry;approach(接近)→import;importance;important;report;opportunity;port;portable;report;reporter;support;transport

“-poss-/-pote-”: to be able;to have power(能力;力量)→impossible;possess;possession;potent;possible;possibility;possibly;potential;power;powerful;omnipotent*

“-prac-/-prag-”: do;act(做;实践)→practical;practically;practice;practicality;practitioner;pragmatic

“-pris-/-prehend-/-prehens-”: seize;hold(抓,拿,取;容纳)→comprehend;comprise;prison;prisoner;surprise;apprehension*

“-press-/-prem-/-prin-”: press;imprint;strike(打击;撞击)→compress;depress;impress;oppress;press;pressure;print;repression;suppress;reprimand*

“-prim-/-prem-/-prote-”: first(第一,首要,首先)→premier;primary;prime;primitive;prince;principal;protein;prototype;pristine*

“-pris-/-prais-/-prec-”: prize;value(奖励;称道;珍惜)→appraise;prize;appreciate;enterprise;entrepreneur;interpret;praise;prize;price;premium

“-priv-/-propr-/-proach-/-prope-/-prox-”: one’s own;make one’s own;single // near(自我,自己;接近)→appropriate;approximate;deprive;peculiar;proper;property;privacy;private;privilege;// approach;reproach

“-prov-/-prod-”: profit;beneficial(益处;好处)→improve;improvement

“-prove-/-prob-”: test;prove(测试;证明)→approve;probability;probable;proof;prove;probation*

“-pun-/-pen-/-pain-/-poi-”: punish;grief;penalty;pierce(痛苦;惩罚)→pain;penalty;pen;point;punish;punitive*

“-put-”: think(思考;思索)→computer;computer;deputy;dispute;repute

“-quali-”: state;nature(所属类别;属性)→qualification;qualify;qualitative;quality

“-quanti-”: extent;amount(所有数量;多少)→quantity;quantify;quantitative

“-quart-”: fourth(四分之一)→quart;quarter;quarterly;square

“-quir-/-quis-/-quer-/-quest-”: get;seek(争,夺,抢)→acquire;acquisition;conquer;conquest;quest;cry;enquire;exquisite;inquire;inquiry;quarrel;quest;question;questionnaire;request;require;requirement;quiz;exquisite*;prerequisite*;querulous*

“-rad-/-rude-”: root;ray(根;散发;放射)→radiant;radiate;radiation;radical;radio;radius;ray;root;radium*;rude;rudimentary*

“-range-/-range-/-ray-”: range;put in a row(安排)→arrange;array;range

“-rap-”: seize;beat(打;夺;抢)→rap;rape;rapid;rapt*;rapture*;ravage*

“-rat-/-reas-”: thinking;reasoning;calculate(掂量;计算;推理)→rate;ratio;ration;read;reader;reason;reasonable;reckon

“-rect-/-reg-/-rig-/-roy-/-rex-”: straight;make straight;lead straight;rule;king(皇帝;规则;命令)→alert;correct;direct;direction;directly;director;erect;escort;rectangle;rectify;right;rigorous;upright;realm;regime;region;regular;regulate;regulation;reign;rich;royal;royalty;rule;ruler “-relate-”: relation(说法;关联)→correlate;correlation;relation;relativity;relate;interrelation

“-rest-/-rit-”: stand firm;established;stop(稳健;静止;停止)→arrest;irritate;rest;restless

“-riv-/-rip-/-rig-”: riverbank;reach the bank;stream(河流;起源;河畔)→arrive;arrival;derive;rival;irrigate;ripple;rise;river

“-rod-/-ros-”: gnaw;scrape;shave(啃;磨)→corrode;corrosion;erosion;rat;razor

“-rogat-”: ask(询问)→arrogate;interrogate

“-roll-/-rot-”: roll;turn(滚动)→control;role;roll;rotate;rotary

“-rud-”: rush;fall(匆促;下降)→rude;ruins

“-rupt-”: break(打破;破裂)→abrupt;bankrupt;corrupt;disrupt;erupt;interrupt;route;routine

“-sacer-/-sanc-”: holy(神圣)→sacred;sacrifice;saint;sanction

“-sala-/-salt-/-saus-”: salt(盐)→salad;salary;salt;sauce;saucer;sausage;saline*

“-salt-/-sult-”: leap(跳跃)→assault;insult;result;resultant

“-salv-/-salu-”: safety(安全)→safe;safety;safeguard;salute;salvage;save;saving

“-sati-/-satu-”: enough(足够;充足)→asset;satisfy;satisfactory;satisfied;saturate;sad;satire;satisfaction;satisfactory;satisfy;saturate;insatiable*

“-scala-/-scend-/-scent-”: ladder(梯子;爬;高)→ascend;ascent;descend;descendant;descent;transcend;transcendentalist*;escalate;scale;scan

“-scam-/-shame-”: shame(惭愧)→ashamed;shame

“-sci-”: know(认知)→conscience;conscientious;conscious;consciousness;science;scientific;scientist;subconsciously*

“-scrib-/-scrip-”: write;writing(写)→describe;description;manuscript;prescribe;prescription;script;subscribe;transcript*;conscription*;scribbler*;scripture*

“-sect-/-sec-/-seg-”: cut(分;离)→insect;intersection;sail;sailor;saw;sect;section;sector;segment;sex

“-secu-/-sequ-/-sic-”: follow(跟从;随从)→consecutive;consequence;consequent;consequently;execute;executive;intrinsic;persecute;prosecute;pursue;pursuit;second;secondary;sequence;subsequent;sue;suit;suitable;suite;ensue*

“-sem-/-sim-”: bring together(聚合;聚拢)→assemble;assimilate;similar;simulate;resemblance;resemble;same;seem;similar;simulate;simultaneous

“-sens-/-sent-/-cens-”: feeling(感受;认知)→census;consensus;consent;nonsense;resent;scent;sensation;sense;sensible;sensitive;sentiment;sentence;resentment*;sensory*

“-sere-/-sert-”: join(加入;连接)→assert;desert;exert;insert;serial;series

“-serv-”①: keep safe;keep;watch(保持;看护)→conserve;conservation;conservative;observe;preserve;reservation;reserve;reservoir

“-serv-/-servr-”②: serve;slave(奴隶)→deserve;dessert;servant;serve;service

“-sess-/-sid-”: sit(处于;座位;坐)→assess;obsess;possess;possession;preside;president;reside;resident;residence;saddle;seat;seize;sit;session;set;settle;siege;sit;site;situated;situation;subsidy;sedative*;subside*;dissident*

“-sid-”: stars(星星)→consider;considerable;considerate;considerably;consideration

“-sign-”: mark out(标记)→assign;sign;signify;design;designate

“-sip-/-sup-”: throw(扔;投)→dissipate

“-soci-”: join;an ally;companion(加入;联盟;伙伴)→associate;association;sociable;social;socialism;society;sociology

“-sole-/-sola-/-solu-”: alone;lonely(孤独)→desolate;sole;solitary

“-sole-/-soli-/-sil-”: pleasure;strong;firm(强健;稳健)→console;consolidate;silly;solid;solitary

“-solv-/-solu-”: loose;release;free from debt(松解;放松)→dissolve;resolute;resolve;resolution;soluble;solution;solve

“-sorb-”: suck in(吸入)→absorb

“-spec-”: individual;species(个体;种类)→especial;especially;special;specialize;specialist;specialty;specific;species;specification;specify;spice;spicy

“-spect-/-spi(s)-”: look;sight;watch(看,视力;认知)→aspect;conspicuous;despise;despite;expect;expectation;inspect;perspective;prospect;prospective;respect;respective;retrospect;specimen;spectacle;spectacular;spectator;spectrum;speculate;spite;spy;suspect;suspicion;suspicious;introspect*;retrospect*

“-sper-/-spir-”: hope;breathe(呼吸;希望;生灵)→aspire;conspiracy;despair;expire;inspire;prosper;prosperity;prosperous;speed;spirit;spiritual

“-spond-”: pledge(保证,誓言,抵押)→correspond;correspondence;corresponding;respond;response;responsible;responsibility;sponsor;spouse;responsive*

“-stand-/-stanc-/-star-/-stab-/-state-/-stit-/-sist-”: stand;stay;set(up);place;establish(成型;保持;树立;构成)→constituent;circumstance;constitute;constant;destiny;destination;distance;establish;establishment;estate;instead;institute;institution;obstacle;rest;stability;stable;stadium;staff;stage;stall;stance;stand;standard;standpoint;state;statement;statesman;static;station;stationary;statistics;statistical;statue;status;statute;stay;steer;stem;still;stool;substance;substantial;substitute;superstitious;system;systematic;understand;withstand;prostitute*;status quo;// assist;assistant;consist;consistent;consistency;exist;existence;insist;instance;instant;persist;resist;resistance;resistant;transistor;reinstate*;restitution*;solstice*

“-stil-”: drop(下落)→distill;instill

“-stinc-/-sting-”: separate;quench(分离;熄灭;蛰)→distinct;distinction;distinguish;instinct;extinct;extinguish;stick;sticky;stimulate;sting;stitch

“-stor-”: stake(库存)→restaurant;restore;stock;store;storage

“-string-/-strain-/-strict-”: to bind;contract(捆紧;棒紧)→constrain;distress;district;prestige;restrain;restraint;restrict;strain;strength;stress;strict;string;strong

“-struc-/-stroy-”: pile up;erect;build(结构;建立)→construct;construction;destroy;destruction;industrial;industry;industrialize;infrastructure;instruct;instruction;instrument;obstruct;obstruction;strain;structure

“-sume-/-sum-”: take(拿;取;承担)→assume;assumption;assuming;consume;consumption;presumably;presume;resume

“-sul-/-sel-”: summon;gather(召集)→consult;counsel

“-sum-/-super-”: superior(超;圆满)→consummate

“-sure-/-sur-”: secure;make sure(确保;确信)→assure;assurance;ensure;insure;reassure;sure

“-tach-/-stake-”: stake(树桩;关键)→attach;attached;attack;detached;stake

“-tail-”: cut;limitation(减切)→tailor;detail;entail;retail;tailor

“-tain-/-ten-/-tent-/-tin-/-tact-/-teger-/-tang-”: hold // touch;reach(把握;接触,延伸)→contain;content;detain;entertain;maintain;maintenance;obtain;retain;retention;sustain;tenant;tennis;// attain;contact;contaminate;continent;continue;continual;continuous;entire;intact;integral;integrate;integrity;tactics;tangible*;continence*;countenance*;pertain*;pertinent*

“-tect-/-tech-”: workman;craftsmanship(工艺;技术)→architect;architecture;technical;technician;technique;technology

“-tege-/-tect-”: cover(覆盖)→detect;detective;detector;protect

“-temp-/-time-”: time(时间)→contemporary;temper;temperature;temperature;tempo;temporary;tide;extemporize*

“-tend-/-tent-/-tempt-”: extend;stretch;aim;strive for;try(弯曲;倾向;争;夺)→attempt;attend;attention;attentive;inattention;attendance;contend;extend;extension;extensive;extent;intend;intense;intensity;intensive;intention;pretend;tempt;temptation;tend;tendency;tense;tension;tent;tentative;tone;intent*

“-term-”: end;limit(末端;结束)→determine;determination;term;terminal;terminate;terminus*;interminable*

“-terr-”: land(土地)→territory;terrain*;terrestrial*

“-testi-/-test-”: witness(证明;证据)→contest;protest;testify;testimony

“-text-”: weave;braid(编织;编织物)→context;pretext;text;textbook;textile;texture;tissue

“-theo-/-thu-”: god(神)→enthusiasm

“-tom-/-tomo-”: cutting(切;砍;剪)→atom;contemplate

“-tor-/tour”: direct;circle(指导;环绕)→attorney;tour;tournament*

“-tort-”: turn;twist(扭曲)→distort;retort;torch;torment;torture

“-tract-/-tire-/-drag-/-draught-/-dra-”: draw towards;pull(拖;拉;抽)→abstract;attract;attraction;attractive;contract;distract;extract;draft;draught;draw;retire;subtract;retreat;trace;track;tractor;trade;trademark;traffic;trail;train;trait;traitor;treat;treaty

“-tramp-”: stamp(踩)→track;tramp;trap;trip

“-trai-/-trea”: hand over(给出)→betray;traitor;treason

“-tribu-/-trib-”: give;assign(给予;呈交)→attribute;contribute;contribution;distribute;tribe;tribute

“-tric-/-trig-”: trifles;complexities(复杂)→intricate;intrigue;trick

“-triev-/-trouv”: find(找寻)→retrieve

“-triv-/-trop-”: trope(修辞)→contrive

“-trud-”: thrust(投;刺)→intrude;protrude*

“-tue-”: look at(照看)→intuition;intuitive;tuition

“-turb-”: commotion;confuse(扰乱;喧闹)→disturb;disturbance;perturb*

“-und-/-ound-”: overflow(流溢)→abound;abundant;abundance;abound;redundant;surround;undulating*

“-uni-”: one(一;统一)→onion;uniform;unify;unique;union;unit;unite;universal;universe;university;unitary*

“-use-/-ut-”: employ;use(使用;实用)→abuse;misuse;disuse;utility;utilize;usage;use;used;useful;usual;usually;utilize;utility;utensil*;usurp*;usurer*

“-vad-/-vas-”: go;leave(走;离开)→evade;evasion;invade;invasion;pervade*

“-vaga-”: wander(漫游;走动)→extravagance;extravagant

“-vapor-”: steam(蒸汽)→evaporate

“-vari-/-varu-”: changing(改变;变化)→invariable;variable;variation;variety;various;vary

“-vent-/-ven-”: come;arrive(到来;来临)→advent;adventure;avenue;convenient;convenience;convene;convention;conventional;event;intervene;invent;invention;inventory;prevent;revenue;venture;souvenir*

“-verb-”: word(言辞;话语)→adverb;verbal;nonverbal;verb;verbal

“-vert/-vers-/-viro-”: turn towards(转;扭)→adverse;reverse;converse;adverse*;advertise;anniversary;avert;averse;controversy;controversial;conversely;converse;conversation;convert;conversion;diverse;diversion;divorce;environment;inverse;invert;prose;reverse;universe;universal;university;versatile;verse;version;versus;vertical;veer*;introvert*;perverse*;revert*;veranda*;averse*;diverge*

“-vesti-”: track;footstep(足迹)→investigate;vestige*

“-via-/-vey-”: way;road(路;途径)→convey;deviate;obvious;previous;trivial;way

“-vic/-vis-/-vid-/-view-”: something seen(看;视)→advise;advice;advisable;envisage;envy;evidence;evident;interview;invisible;provide;provided;provision;review;revise;supervise;survey;video;view;viewpoint;visa;visible;vision;visit;visitor;visual*;vista*;vigilant*;provident*

“-vid-/-vis-”: divide;separate;widow(分离)→devise;device;divide;dividend;individual;widow

“-vinc-/-vict-”: conquer;overcome;→convict;convince;conviction;province;revenge;victory;vengeance*;avenge*

“-viv-/-vit-/-vio-/-vig-/-verg-/-val-/-wor-/-war-”:(男性)①life;live(生命力);②strength;strong;(力量);③worth(价值);④truth(真实;可靠)→verge;vegetarian;vegetation;vegetarian;revive;survival;survive;valid;validity;violate;violent;violence;vital;vivid;verify;very;virtue;virtual;vital;vivid;vitamin;viable*;vigorous;war;verdure*;vehemently;* valorous*;valiantly*;warrior*;// worth;worthwhile;worthy;// avail;available;equivalent;evaluate;evaluation;invalid;invaluable;prevail;prevalent;valid;valuable;value;valor*;invigorating*;inviolability*

“-voc-/-vok-/-call-”: to call(as witness)(呼喊)→advocate;provoke;call;council;evoke;provoke;recall;reconcile;vocabulary;vocal;vocation;voice;vowel;irrevocable*

“-voi-/-vui-/-vac-/-vit-”: empty;void;cease(空;停)→avoid;void;evacuate;inevitable;vacant;vacation;vacuum;vain;vanish;vanity;vast;void;waste;evacuate*;evanescent*

“-volv-/-volu-/velo-”: roll;wrap(卷;包裹)→develop;development;envelop;envelope;evolution;evolve;involve;revolt;revolution;revolutionary;revolve;volt;volume

“-vove-”: vow(誓言)→devote;vote

“-ward-”: observe;to decide after investigation(认知;观察)→awake;award;aware;reward;upward;toward;wait;wake;warn;watch

“-wit-/-wis-”: know(认知)→wise;wisdom;wit;witty;witness

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