第一篇:英语中的数词表示
英语中的数词
一.概述
数词是表示数目多少和顺序先后的词,分为基数词和序数词两种.基数词表示数目,序数词表示顺序.二.基数词
1.基数词的构成
1)1~12是独立的单词 1 one 2 two 3 three 4 four 5 five 6 six 7 seven 8 eight 9 nine 10 ten 11 eleven 12 twelve 2)13~19是在基数词后加-teen 13 thirteen 14 fourteen 15 fifteen 16 sixteen 17 seventeen 18 eighteen 19 nineteen 注意:13和15的拼写发生变化,18应省去原来的字母t,应熟记 3)20~90的整位数是在基数词后加-ty 20 twenty 30 thirty 40 forty 50 fifty 60 sixty 70 seventy 80 eighty 90 ninety 注意:20,30,40,50,80的拼写发生变化
4)21~29由”十位数20+个位数1~9”构成,中间加连字符 21 twenty-one 22 twenty-two 23 twenty-three 24 twenty-four 25 twenty-five 26 twenty-six 27 twenty-seven 28 twenty-eight 29 twenty-nine 其他”几十几”的数词依此类推.31 thirty-one 42 forty-two 53 fifty-three 64 sixty-four 75 seventy-five 86 eighty-six 97 ninety-seven 99 ninety-nine 5)百位数由1~9加hundred构成
one/a hundred 200 two hundred 500 five hundred 900 nine hundred 百位数含十位数和个位数时,百位数和十位数之间常用and连接;百位数加个位数时,也可用and连接,但在美式英语中,这个and往往省略.158 a/one hundred(and)fifty-eight 599 five hundred(and)ninety-nine 605 six hundred(and)five 808 eight hundred(and)eight 6)千位数由1~9加thousand构成
1,000 a/one thousand 2,000 two thousand 5,000 five thousand 9,000 nine thousand 千位数带百、十、个位数时,由千位数直接加百、十、个位数构成.a只能用在整个词组之首.one比a 正式,因而在正式文体中应该用one.另外,千位数中如果百位数和十位数均为零,可用and与个位数连接,但在美式英语中,and往往省去.1,005 one/a thousand(and)five 3,008 three thousand(and)eight 4,836 four thousand eight hundred(and)thirty-six 6,927 six thousand nine hundred(and)twenty-seven 7)万位数的构成
英语中的”万”要用”数词+thousand“表示.10,000 ten thousand 20,000 twenty thousand 50,000 fifty thousand 60,856 sixty thousand eight hundred(and)fifty-six 89,733 eighty-nine thousand seven hundred(and)thirty-three “10万~99万”的表示法
100,000 a/one hundred thousand 200,000 two hundred thousand 335,452 three hundred(and)thirty-five thousand four hundred(and)fifty-two 650,700 six hundred(and)fifty thousand seven hundred 998,616 nine hundred(and)ninety-eight thousand six hundred(and)sixteen 8)”百万”的表示法
“百万”以million为单位.1,000,000 a/one million 2,000,000 two million 3,600,000 three million six hundred thousand 8,964,688 eight million nine hundred(and)sixty-four thousand six hundred(and)eighty-eight 9)”千万”的表示法 10,000,000 ten million 20,000,000 twenty million 96,000,000 ninety-six million 10)”亿”的表示法
100,000,000 a/one hundred million 600,000,000 six hundred million 11)”十亿”的表示法
1,000,000,000(10亿)a/one billion a/one thousand million 2,000,000,000(20亿)two billion two thousand million 1000以上的基数词,从后向前数,每三位数加一个逗号,作为一个单位,第一个逗号前的数为thousand(千),第二个逗号前的数为million(百万).8,869 eight thousand eight hundred(and)sixty-nine 40,664,820 forty million six hundred(and)sixty-four thousand eight hundred(and)twenty 2.基数词的用法 1)作主语 2)作表语 3)作宾语 4)作定语 5)作同位语
hundred,thousand,million在读数时不可加s.4,685 four thousands,six hundreds and eighty-five(误)four thousand,six hundred and eighty-five(正)hundred,thousand,million修饰名词,表示具体数目时,不可加s.这所学校有600名学生.There are six hundreds students in the school.(误)There are six hundred students in the school.(正)hundreds of(几百),thousands of(几千),millions of(几百万)等表示泛指,数量不定,要加s,用复数形式.He spent hundreds of dollars on books.他买书花了数百美元.Thousands of people attended the meeting.数千人参加了会议.Millions of workers lost their jobs.数百万工人失业.The birds came by hundreds.鸟儿成百地出现.The novel sold by the millions.这部小说销售以百万计.表示整十的基数词可用复数形式,表示人的岁数或年代.The man is in his thirties.那人有三十多岁.She died in her nineties.她是九十多岁去世的.He went abroad in the eighties.他八十年代出国去了.in one’s teens(正)十几岁 in one’s tens(误)年份用基数词表示,通常以”百”为单位来读.1956 读作nineteen(hundred and)fifty-six(hundred and通常要省去)1999 读作nineteen(hundred and)ninety-nine 但2000年,2001年,2002年等要用thousand.2000 读作two thousand 2001 读作two thousand and one 2008 读作two thousand and eight 2020 读作two thousand and twenty 三.序数词
1.序数词的构成 1)第一至第三
英语序数词第一至第三各有特殊形式.第一first(缩写为1st)第二second(缩写为2nd)第三third(缩写为3rd)2)第四至第十九
序数词第四至第十九都是在基数词后加-th构成,发[θ]音.但第八、第九和第十二的拼写有变化,应特别注意.第四fourth 第五fifth 第六sixth 第七seventh 第八eighth 第九ninth 第十tenth 第十一eleventh 第十二twelfth 第十三thirteenth 第十四fourteenth 第十五fifteenth 第十六sixteenth 第十七seventeenth 第十八eighteenth 第十九nineteenth 3)第二十至第九十
从第二十到第九十表示整十的序数词,是把相应的基数词尾的y改为i,再加-eth.第二十twentieth 第三十thirtieth 第四十fortieth 第五十fiftieth 第六十sixtieth 第七十seventieth 第八十eightieth 第九十ninetieth 4)非整十的多位数
非整十的多位数,把个位数变为序数词即可,十位数不变.第二十一twenty-first(21st)第三十二thirty-second(32nd)第四十三forty-third(43rd)第五十四fifty-fourth(54th)第六十五sixty-fifth(65th)第七十六seventy-sixth(76th)第八十七eighty-seventh(87th)第九十八ninety-eighth(98th)第九十九ninety-ninth(99th)第一百零一(one)hundred and first(101st)第二百八十八two hundred(and)eighty-eighth(288th)第九百七十三nine hundred(and)seventy-third(973rd)第一千零一(one)thouand and first(1,001st)序数词的缩写式是由阿拉伯数字加上序数词的最后两个字母组成.5)hundred等的序数词
hundred,thousand和million的序数词分别为hundredth,thousandth,millionth.第一百(one)hundredth(不可用a)第八百eight hundredth 第一千(one)thousandth 第一万ten thousandth 第十万(one)hundred thousandth 第一百万(one)millionth 2.序数词的用法 1)作主语 2)作宾语 3)作表语 4)作定语 5)作同位语 6)作状语
序数词前常要加定冠词.He will be the first to speak.他将第一个发言.The ninth boy is from England.第九个男孩来自英国.序数词前用了物主代词或名词所有格,则不用定冠词.She is his second wife.她是他的第二个妻子.It is Lily’s third dictionary.这是莉莉的第三本词典.表示比赛或考试的名次时,定冠词常省略.Tom was(the)first in the match.汤姆在比赛中获得第一名.用作副词时,不加定冠词.I first met him in Shanghai.我第一次见到他是在上海.序数词前有时可用不定冠词,表示”又一,再一”,指在原有基础上的增加,相当于another.I’ll read the book a second time.我将把这本书再读一遍.(已读过一遍)He saw a third monkey.他又看见了第三只猴子.(已看见两只)3.数词的各种表达法
1)章节、页数、课次、行次、第几中学、第几车间等编号常用”名词+基数词”表示,也可用”the+序数词+名词”表示.第一章:Chapter One或the first chapter 第二节: Section Two或the second section 第五课: Lesson Five或the fifth lesson 第23页:page 23或the twenty-third page 第8行: line eight 或the eighth line 第三中学:No.3 Middle School 或the Third Middle School 第二机械车间: No.2 Machine Shop或the Second Machine Shop 第一次世界大战: World WarⅠ或the First World War 较大的数字,要用”名词+基数词”表示.第608页: page six o eigth(o读作[əu])第839页:page eight three nine或page eight hundred(and)thirty-nine 第2645页:page two six four five或page twenty-six forty-five 2)房间、门牌等的表示法
房间、门牌、电话号码、信箱号码、邮政编码等,用”名词+基数词”表示.第236房间:Room(No.)236(读作room(number)two three six)中山东路66号:(No.)66 East Zhongshan Road 电话号码:025-84318988 Telephone number 025-84318988(读作 o two five eight four three one eight nine eight eigth(或double eight))(在o,two,five之后要稍加停顿)326信箱:P.O.Box 326 邮政编码:230094 Postcode 230094(读作:postcode two three o o nine four)33路公共汽车: Bus(No.)33或The No.33 Bus 309班机:Flight Number 309 507航班:Flight Number 507 3)世纪、年代表示法
年代为四位数时,各分成二位来读.20世纪:the 20th century 21世纪:the 21st century 在50年代:in the fifties(数词用复数)在90年代:in the nineties(数词用复数)1990年:nineteen ninety 1998年:nineteen ninety-eight 注意下面年代的读法: 2000年:(the year)two thousand 2001年:two thousand(and)one 2008年:two thousand(and)eight 2025年:two thousand(and)twenty-five twenty twenty-five 2050年:two thousand(and)fifty twenty fifty 4)日期表示法
日期通常用序数词来读.5月1日:1(st)May(英式)(读作the first of May)May 1(st)(美式)(读作May(the)first/May one)10月5日: 5(th)October(英式)(读作the fifth of October)October 5(th)(美式)(读作October(the)fifth/October five)2008年6月28日: 28(th)June,2008(英式)June 28(th),2008(美式)5)公元表示法
“公元”用AD或A.D.表示;”公元前:用BC或B.C.表示.公元6世纪:in the sixth century AD 公元55年:in 55 AD in(the year)AD 55 公元前500年:in(the year)500 BC 6)钟点表示法
钟点时刻通常用基数词表示.表示整点可加o’clock,口语中常省去.It’s ten o’clock.现在10点钟.He got up at six(o’clock).他6点钟起的床.表示”几点几分”,在30分钟之内,包括30分钟,用past,结构为:分钟数+ past/after +小时.9:10 ten past nine 或nine ten 10:15(a)quarter past ten或ten fifteen 11:30 half past eleven 或eleven thirty 5:25 twenty-five past five或five twenty-five 表示”几点几分”,分钟数超过了30分钟,结构为:到下一钟点所差分钟数+ to/of(美)+下一小时数.7:40 twenty to eight 或seven forty 9:45(a)quarter to ten或nine forty-five 用a.m.表示”上午”,用p.m.表示”下午”.另外,o’clock不能与a.m.或p.m.连用.四.分数词
1.分数词的构成
分数词由基数词和序数词构成:分子用基数词,分母用序数词.分子大于1时,分母序数词须用复数形式.1/2: a/one half 1/3: a/one third 1/5: a/one fifth 1/4:a/one fourth或a/one quarter 2/3: two thirds 3/4: three fourths或three quarters 5/8: five eighths 7/10: seven tenths 1 1/2: one and a half 2 3/4:two and three fourths 分母和分子之间可用连字符,也可不用.2.分数词的用法
分数词常同of短语连用,在句中作主语或宾语.五.四则运算表示法
加、减、乘、除算式的表示法.2+6=8 Two and six are eight.Two plus six is eight.8+3= ? How much is eight plus three? 10-8=2 Eight from ten leaves two.Ten minus eight is two.4×3=12 Four times three is twelve.16/4=4 Sixteen divided by four is four.Sixteen divided by four makes four.六.数词的其他用法 1.half的用法
1)half作形容词意为”一半”,修饰单数可数名词时,有两种结构: 结构: half a/an +单数名词 a half +单数名词
半天half a day 半月half a month a half day a half month 半小时half an hour 半英里half a mile a half hour a half mile 2)half作名词,常用于half of„结构,of常可省去,但half of后为人称代词时,of不可省
一半的工作: half(of)the work 一半的时间: half(of)the time 一半的书: half(of)the books 一半的房子: half(of)the houses 我们中的一半: half of us 他们中的一半: half of them 3)”一个半”的表示法如下
一个半苹果a/one apple and a half one and a half apples 一个半小时a/one hour and a half one and a half hours 2.小数表示法
小数用基数词表示,小数点是point,读作[pכint],”零”是zero,读作[ziərəu].0.3 zero point three 0.65 zero point six five 15.96 fifteen point nine six 95.38 ninety-five point three eight 3.百分数表示法
百分数用基数词表示,在数字后加percent.5% five percent 30% thirty percent 84% eight-four percent 99% ninety-nine percent 100% one hundred percent 250% two hundred and fifty percent 4.倍数表示法
1)”增加一倍”用double The price of steel has doubled over the past ten years.钢的价格在过去的十年里增加了一倍.2)”比„„大长„„(n-1)倍”用:倍数+形容词/副词比较级 + than +被比部分 That house is three times bigger than this one.那所房子比这所房子大两倍.The output of cars is four times greater than that of last year.汽车的产量比去年增加了三倍.3)”是„„的几倍”用:倍数 + as + 形容词 + as +被比部分
This factory is four times as big as that one.这个工厂是那个工厂的四倍大.She has three times as many books as I have.她的书是我的三倍之多.5.年龄表示法 1)一般说法 她13岁.She is thirteen years old.She is thirteen.She is aged thirteen.She is thirteen years of age.2)in one’s +整十的基数词复数
“in one’s +整十的基数词复数形式”表示”„„多岁了”.Her father is in his thirties.她爸爸三十多岁了.The old woman is in her nineties.这位老奶奶已经九十多岁了.3)at the age of at the age of„表示”在„„年龄”,常作状语.He went to school at the age of six.他6岁上学.At the age of nineteen,she joined the Party.她19岁入的党.6.约数表示法
约数表示”多于,大约,左右,以上,不足”等意义,常用表示法如下: 多于→over,more than 少于→less than 大约→about,around 将近→almost,nearly 左右→or so 或„„以上→or more
或„„以下→or less 在„„以下→under
The street is over 2,000 metres long.这条大街有2000多米长.He finished his homework in less than an hour.他不到一小时就做完了作业.There are about 500 books on the bookshelves.书架上大约有500本书.Almost/Nearly one hundred people swam across the river.将近有100人游过了那条河.The hall can hold 1,000 people or more.这个大厅能容纳1000多人.These toys are for children under five.这些玩具是给5岁以下儿童玩的.It will take them four of five days to walk out of the forest.他们要花四五天时间才能走出森林.The city has changed a lot in the past ten years or so.在过去十年左右的时间里,这座城市发生了很大变化.
第二篇:汉语数词如何表示倍数
汉语数词如何表示倍数?
——汉语数词表数功能研究之一
谭汝为
“年方三五”“二八佳人”,是说女子15岁和16岁。汉语双音节数词表示倍数,典型地体现在以二数之积表述具体年龄的功能上,如:
(1)年时二七犹未笄,转顾流眄鬟鬓低。..(南朝陈·陈叔宝《东飞伯劳歌》;“二七”指14岁。)
(2)可怜女儿三五许,丰茸惜是一园花。..(唐·王翰《飞燕篇》;“三五”指15岁。)
(3)二八佳人细马驮,十千美酒渭城歌。..(宋·苏轼《李钤辖坐上分题戴花》;“二八”指16岁。)
(4)以年岁计之,是女尚二九未足。..(浩歌子《萤窗异草·宜织》,“二九”指18岁。)
(5)少年年几方三六,含娇聚态倾人目。..(南朝梁·萧纲《东飞伯劳歌》;“三六”指18岁)
(6)三六前年暮,四五今年朝。..(南朝齐·萧子显《日出东南隅》;“四五”指20岁。)
(7)二八登科标名早,三七入试举孝廉。..(明·无名氏《绣香囊》弹词;“三七”指21岁。)(8)茅庐相顾心相知,先生尔时年三九。..(明·罗贯中《三国演义》38回;“三九”指27岁。)
(9)(女子)四七筋骨坚,发极长,身体盛壮。..(《素问·上古天真论》;“四七”指28岁。)
(10)女子二七天癸至,七七天癸绝,其常也。..(同上;“二七”指14岁,“七七”指49岁。)
(11)男子不过尽八八,女子不过尽七七,而天地之精气皆竭矣。..(同上;“八八”指64岁;“七七”指49岁。)(12)鹤发初开九九年,东西双凤集庭前。..(元·袁桷《孟都事母八十》);“九九”指81岁。)
除表述年龄外,这种表示倍数的双音节数词还用于指其他事物,如:
(13)迎珠履之三千,列金钗之二六。..(唐·高道素《上元赋》;“二六”指十二金钗。)
(14)刘桢鲁都赋,素秋二七,天汉指隅,人胥祓除。..(《宋书·礼志》;“二七”指七月十四日。)
(15)三五二八月如练,海上天涯应共见。....(唐·权德舆《秋闺月》;“三五二八”指农历十五、十六两天。)
(16)窃弄神器,历载三六偷安天位。..(汉·张衡《东京赋》;“三六”指王莽篡位18年。)
(17)温舒从祖父受历数天文,以为汉厄三七之间。..(《汉书·路温舒传》;“三七”指汉朝运祚的限度。)
(18)四七之期必尽,百六之数溘屯。..(《北齐书·文苑传·颜之推》;“四七”指北齐运祚的限度。)
(19)金容掩色,不镜三千之光;丽像开图,空端四八之相。..(明·吴承恩《西游记》100回;“四八”指佛教说法:佛的化相有32种。)
(20)老臣顾国家同祚于轩辕之五五,而未及周文之二五,用为伊邑。..(《三国志·魏书·王朗传》;“五五”指黄帝有子25人。)
(21)六六雁行连八九,只等金鸡消息。....(明·施耐庵《水浒传》72回;“六六”“八九”分别指36天罡和72地煞,共有108座星宿,即借指梁山英雄108将)
(22)结发念善事,勖勉六九年。..(晋·陶渊明《怨诗楚调示庞主簿邓治中》;“六九”指54年。)(23)逮追八九之迹,永垂亿万之年。..(宋·杨亿《贺幸河北起居表》;“八九”指古代封禅者72家。)
我们总结一下:二数连用,以其积表示倍数,有以下三个特点:
1.两个数词往往为不相邻的个位数。前数小,表示几倍;后数大,表示基数。
2.所表示的数(即两数之积)只能是合数,而质数(13、17、19、23、29、31等)不能用此法表示。
3.以二数之积表述年龄多见于诗词、戏曲、小说等文艺性作品,而在经、史、子等典籍中较为罕见。
第三篇:英语数词记忆口诀
英语基数词和序数词的记忆规律表
英语数词基和序,基表几个序第几。一至十二形各异,一个一个单独记。
后面加teen变十几, thirteen, fifteen看仔细,eighteen eighty只有一个t,几十后面加ty,twenty不同重点记。forty没有字母u,thirty, fifty更出奇。十位数后个位数,表示数值几十几,若要表达几十几,几十短横1到9。(如果要表示几十几,在几十后加短横后再添1到9,如twenty-one)
One hundred一百记,若表几百几十几。(到了一百就是One hundred,那么若我们要表示几百几十几呢)
几百and几十几,一千以上加逗号(如:one hundred and twenty-three,表示一千以上,每进三位用逗号分隔)
个位向前三位断,千、百万、十亿算(从个位往前每三位都分断开,逗号前的单位是千、百万、十亿)
然后一段一段看,基数规律上述钻。(如123,456读作 one hundred and twenty-three thousand four hundred and fifty-six)
one 1 eleven 11 two 2 twelve 12 twenty 20 twenty-one 21 three 3 thirteen 13 thirty 30 thirty-two 32 four 4 fourteen 14 forty 40 forty-three 43 five 5 fifteen 15 fifty 50 fifty-four 54 six 6 sixteen 16 sixty 60 sixty-five 65 seven 7 seventeen 17 seventy 70 seventy-six 76 eight 8 eighteen 18 eighty 80 eighty-seven 87 nine 9 nineteen 19 ninety 90 ninety-eight 98 ten 10 one hundred and eight 108 three hundred and ninety-five 395
基数词变序数词
初中英语基数词变序数词口诀 基变序,有规律,词尾都加“th”(fourth,sixth); 一二三,特殊记,词尾字母“t d d”(first,second,third); 八省“t”,九去“e”,(eighth,ninth)“ve”结尾“f”替,(fifth,twelfth)单词“ty”作结尾,“ty”变成“tie”,要是遇到几十几,只变个位就可以
one 1
first
eleven
eleventh
two 2
second
twelve
twelfth
twenty 20
twentieth three 3
third
thirteen 13
thirteenth
thirty 30
thirtieth four 4
fourth
fourteen 14
fourteenth
forty 40
fortieth five 5
fifth
fifteen
fifteenth
fifty 50
fiftieth
six 6
sixth
sixteen 16
sixteenth
sixty 60
sixtieth seven 7
seventh
seventeen17
seventeenth
seventy 70
seventieth eight 8
eighth
eighteen 18
eighteenth
eighty 80
eightieth nine 9
ninth
nineteen 19
nineteenth
ninety 90
ninetieth ten 10
twenty-one 21 thirty-two
forty-three
fifty-four
sixty-five
seventy-six 76 eighty-seven 87 ninety-eight 98 twenty-first thirty-second forty-third fifty-fourth sixty-fifth seventy-sixth eighty-seventh ninety-eighth
第四篇:英语数词用法总结
英语数词用法总结
一.本周教学内容 数词用法总结
二.知识归纳与总结
A.基础知识
(一)数词的分类:
表示数目多少或顺序的词叫数词。数词分为基数词和序数词。
表示数目多少的数词叫基数词。one,two
表示顺序次第的数词叫序数词。the first(第一)、the second(第二)
(二)数词的用法:
1.作主语
Thirty of them are Party members.他们之中的三十人是党员。
2.作宾语
Please pass me the second.请递给我第二个。
3.作定语
The nine boys are from Tianjin.这九个男孩子是天津人。
4.作表语
Six plus four is ten.六加四等于十。
5.作同位语(只限基数词)
We four will go with you.我们四个人将和你一起去。
B.用法总结
(一)基数词的表示方法:
1.1-12 的基数词:
one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve
2.13~19的基数词,在个位数上加后缀-teen构成,并有两个重音。
thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen
3.20~90等十位数由2-9 加后缀-ty构成。
twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty, ninety
4.21-29由十位数20加个位数1-9 构成,十位和个位之间加连字符号“-”,其他十位数以此类推。twenty-one、44 forty-four、98 ninety-eight
5.多位数的读法
① 从后向前数,每三位数加一个“,”;第一个“,”号前为thousand(千),第二个“,”号前为million(百万)……,然后再逐段表达。
② 三位数数词要在百位和十位(若无十位则和个位)之间加and。
45,632,798 读作
forty-five million, six hundred and thirty-two thousand, seven hundred and ninety-eight
(二)序数词的表示方法:
序数词 = 基数词+th,但以下几个特殊:
one-first, two-second, three-third, five-fifth.eight-eighth, nine-ninth, twelve-twelfth, twenty-twentieth ……, a hundred-a hundredth
(三)倍数、分数、小数、百分数的表示方法:
1.倍数:time(s)
This room is three times as large as that one.这个房间有那个房间三个大。
Three threes are nine.or Three times three is nine.三三得九。
2.分数:
分子用基数词表示,分母用序数词表示,分子为2以上时,分母(序数词)应变为复数。
三分之一,one third, a third; 五分之三,three fifths
数短语作主语时,谓语的数由of 后面的名词来决定,名词为可数名词复数,则谓语用复数;名词为不可数名词,谓语用单数。
A third of the land is covered by forests.Two thirds of the workers are working hard.3.小数:
小数点前的基数词与前面所讲的基数词读法完全相同,小数点后面则须将数字一一读出。
1.25 读作 one point two five
0.56 读作naught point five six或zero point five six
4.百分数:
百分号%读作 percent
eg.5% 读作 five percent
(四)算式表达法:
1.加法
A+B=C → A plus B is C.or A and B is C.2.减法
A-B=C →A minus B is C.or B from A is C.3.乘法
A×B=C → A times B is C.or A multiplied by B is C.4.除法
A÷B=C → A divided by B is C.5.大于
A>B → A is more than B.6.小于
A
(五)常见数词的表示法及读法
1.章节、页数的读法
第一章:the first chapter;Chapter One
第二节:the second section;Section Two
第三课:the third lesson;Lesson Three
第463页:page four six three
第2564页:page two five six four或twenty-five sixty-four
注意:如果页码的数字较长,通常用基数词。
2.房间、门牌、电话号码的读法
第305房间:Room three o(零)five
长安街76号:seventy-six Chang'an Street
电话号码:204-2244:telephone number two o(零)four two two(double two)four four
十一路公共汽车:Bus(No.)eleven
3.年代、日期、时刻的读法
(1)年份是四位数字时,各分成二位来读,eg.公元1995年:1995(=nineteen ninety-five)
(2)日期使用一般的序数词来读取
eg.5月10日:May 10th(=May tenth)
(3)时刻通常用基数词来读
eg.8点45分:8: 45(=eight forty-five)
(4)年代表示法:
eg.二十世纪九十年代:1990's nineteen nineties
4.hundred, thousand, million用法:
hundred, thousand, million前面有具体数字,要用单数形式,但如果它们后面有of,那它们要用复数形式,同时,前面不能再加具体的数目。
eg.two thousand 两千 thousands of 成千上万
hundreds of 成百上千 millions of 数以百万计
Thousands and thousands of people have visited the city.成千上万的人参观了这座城市。
(六)需注意的问题:
1.数词+名词用“-”连在一起作定语,后面名词不用复数。
eg.a four-year-old boy
2.有些结构既有基数词又有序数词。
eg.the first three questions
the last five minutes
3.英语中有一些短语包含数词,不能从表面上理解它们的意义
eg.one and the only 唯一 be at one with 与… 一致
be on all fours 匍匐;趴
Two's company, three is a crowd 二人成伴,三人不欢
one and the same 同一个;完全一样 for one 举个例子说
ten to one 十之八九 a thousand to one 十之八九
talk nineteen to the dozen 滔滔不绝 by twos and threes 三三两两
in ones and twos 三三两两 first and last 总共
first of all 首先 from the first 从一开始
......
第五篇:英语中几个特殊数词的用法小结
英语中几个特殊数词的用法小结
石广银
湖南怀化广播电视大学 湖南 怀化 418000 【摘 要】英语的数词除基数词外,还有dozen, score, hundred, thousand, million, billion, trillion七个。它们除了表达基本的数目和顺序外,还有一些特殊用法,涉及到用单数还是用复数,与不与介词连用,与不与定冠词the连用等,本文对它们的用法作七点分析总结。
【关键词】特殊数词、用法、总结
英语的数词由基数词one至 nineteen, 以及twenty至ninety组成,共二十七个。除了这二十七个基数词外,还有七个表示整数的特殊数词,它们分别是dozen(十二),score(二十), hundred(百), thousand(千), million(百万), billion(【美国、法国】十亿 ,【英国、德国】万亿), trillion(【英】百万兆,一百万的三次幂,【美】万亿,兆,一千的四次幂)。称这七个数词为特殊数词,是因为它们除了表达基本的数目和顺序外,还有一些特殊用法,涉及到用单数还是用复数,与不与介词连用,与不与定冠词the连用等,本文对它们的用法作七点分析总结。这七个词中,billion和trillion用法与其它五个词相同,但很少用,故本文不为它们举例。
1.当它们表示具体、准确的数量、修饰名词时,不用复数(但名词要用复数,且可以承前文省略),也不和定冠词the及介词of连用,基本句型为:数词+特殊数词单数(+描绘性形容词)+名词。如:
He had come half a dozen times to call upon his sister.他来看望他姐姐已有六七次了。
Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent a new nation conceived in Liberty and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.(亚伯拉罕·林肯,葛底斯堡演讲)八十七年前,我们的先辈在这个大陆上创立了一个新的国家,它孕育于自由之中,奉行一切人生来平等的原则。I can give you a hundred reasons for not going.我可以给你列出一百条不去的理由。
About three million workers were on strike.大约有三百万工人参加了罢工。
He was prepared to pay two million(dollars).他愿意支付200万(美元)。
2.当它们不表示具体、准确的数量,而是形容很多时,需用复数,且要与介词of连用,有时还与另一个或几个特殊数词重叠,以加强语气,被修饰的名词不与定冠词the连用,基本句型为:特殊数词复数(+另一个或几个特殊数词复数)+of+名词。如:
He planned to buy dozens of reference books.他计划买几十本参考书。I've seen this phenomenon hundreds of times.这种现象我看见了好几百次。
The sun was shining.Thousands of people were lying on the beach.阳光灿烂,数以千计的人躺在海滩上。
She won the lawsuit and received millions of dollars in compensation.她赢了这个官司,获得了几百万美元的赔偿。
The city subways carry hundreds of thousands of passengers a day.市内的地下铁每天运载数十万乘客。
Hundreds of millions of people across the world held their breath.Each one was anxiously watching a tiny robot on their TV screen.全世界数亿人都屏住呼吸,焦急地注视着电视屏幕里的微型机器人。
这些不具体、准确的数量前还可以加上a few, some, several,many等不具体、确定的形容词。如:
several dozens of port wine 数十瓶葡萄酒 some scores of volunteers 几十名志愿者 some thousands of books 几千本书
Several hundreds of people gathered in front of the hall,waiting for the president to meet them.好几百人聚集在大厅里等候总统的接见。
Why some millions of Californians choose not to prepare for disaster?数百万加州人为什么选择不作防灾准备?
3.当它们表示某个整体中的部分数字时,不用复数,且后面紧跟of+the或these, those,my, our等限定词引导的该整体,基本句型为:数词+特殊数词单数+of+the/these/those, etc.+(描绘性形容词+)名词。如:
I want three dozen of these eggs.这些鸡蛋我要三打。(这些鸡蛋不止三打)
About three hundred of the students in our school will graduate this summer.我校学生约有300人将于今年夏季毕业。(我校学生不止300)
Half a thousand of our employees are college graduates.我厂的员工有五百都是大学毕业生。(五百员工是我厂员工中的一部分)
Many millions of Indian women are married against their wills.数百万印度女性被违心嫁人。(数百万是印度妇女中的少数)
4.dozen,score,hundred等还常与by,偶尔也与in等介词连用,构成固定短语,表示以某数为批量,用特殊数词单数,若是形容很多,特殊数词常用复数。例如:
We buy tea by the pound, cloth by the yard and eggs by the dozen.我们买茶叶以磅计, 买布以码计,买蛋以打计。
The shop sells 2B pencils by the long dozen.这家商店的2B铅笔卖一打送一支。
We were monthly losing ships, including valuable tankers, by the score.我们每月损失的船只, 包括昂贵的油船,以数十计。
The allied warplanes bombed the country by the hundred.盟军数以百计的飞机轰炸了那个国家。
The ants arrived at the picnic by the hundreds.成群的蚂蚁来到野餐的地方。
Our candidate will rake in votes by the thousand.我们的候选人将会得到上千张选票。
Books are being scanned into digital form by the thousands.成千上 3 万册图书正在被扫描成数字格式。
They came in thousands.他们成千上万地涌来。
5.有时在上下文意思很明显的情况下,这些特殊数词可直接代替它们所修饰的名词,这时它们都要用复数。如:
Of the apples we bought yesterday, more than three dozens were rotten.在我们昨天买的苹果里,有二十多个都烂掉了。(three dozens=three dozens of the apples)
The US embassy slammed the ‘horrific’ Nigerian massacre where hundreds were killed.美国大使馆强烈谴责造成数百人死亡的尼日尼亚大屠杀。(hundreds=hundreds of people)
The government has decided to invest eight hundred millions in the project.(eight hundred millions=eight hundred million yuan or dollars)政府已决定在该项目上投资8个亿。
6.受some这个单词意义的影响,它们的复数形式和单数形式意义有所不同。如:
There are eighty thousand books in our school library.And I have read some hundred of them.我校图书馆有8万册藏书,我已读了大约一百本。(some=about)
There are eighty thousand books in our school library.And I have read some hundreds of them.我校图书馆有8万册藏书,我已读了几百本。(some=several)
Some two thousand years ago,in a river in ancient India,there was a pond full of fish.约两千多年前,古印度有一条小河,其中有个满是鱼儿的水塘。(some=about)
These college students have presented some thousands of books to the left-behind children in our village in the last four years.这些大学生在过去的四年里已为我乡的留守儿童捐赠图书几千册了。
7.dozen和score可组成较多的习惯用语,而hundred,thousand,million,billion和trillion则比较少见,在此不赘述。Dozen和score的主要搭配如下:
dozen:
dozens of 很多;许多
a dime a dozen多得很;不稀罕;不值钱
a baker's(devil's, printer's, long)dozen十三个 dozens of times 屡次;多次
talk thirteen(nineteen)to the dozen 喋喋不休;说个不停 six of one and half a dozen of the other 半斤八两;毫无区别score:
go off at full score(马)突然向前猛冲;(人)突然开始讲或作have an old score to settle with跟……有旧怨 make a score off驳倒……;说得无话可说
make a score off one's own bat独立做;自力更生 on a new score重新
on more scores than one由于许多原因 on that score因此;在那一点上 on the same score用同样的理由 on the score of因为;为了
pay(wipe)off a score付清欠账;还清债务
pay off old scores=to quit the scores报宿怨;雪旧恨 quit score with跟……结清前账;向……报复 run up scores at对……负债累累 know the score知道事实真相;精通世故
——正文完——
主要参考文献:
1. 霍恩比,《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》,牛津大学出版社、商务印书馆,1997年第四版 2. 张道真、温志达,英语语法大全(上),1998年第一版 3. 新东方英语句库:
http://tool.xdf.cn/juku/search_hundreds_18.html 4. 可可英语网:hundred, thousand和million的用法说明 http://
5. 恒星英语网:dozen, score, hundred, thousand, million用法要点 http:// 6