英文写作---比较型说明文的模式

第一篇：英文写作---比较型说明文的模式

比较型说明文的模式

第一步：审题

1.A Major Advantage or Disadvantage of Playing Computer Games

2.The Advantages and Disadvantages of Air Travel

3.Some people believe that a college or university education should be available toall students;others believe that higher education should be available only to goodstudents.What’s your opinion？

第二步：构思

模式

I（该模式用于比较两个事物，作者的倾向比较明显时）

第一段, 引言句(现象或事实陈述法)引出要比较的两个事物

(A 或B)用一句话表明自己的观点（如：倾向A）

第二段, 段落主题句承接首段中的观点，并对本段内容加以限定

比较之一:

指出A事物的优点之一, 用拓展句加以说明.通过转折指出B事物的缺点, 用拓展句加以说明.比较之二:

指出A事物的优点之二, 用拓展句加以说明.通过转折指出B事物的缺点,用拓展句加以说明.（A1B1A2B2A3B3 point-by-point pattern）

第三段, 得出结论,注意首尾观点一致.Television As a Better Source of NewsAmong the three mass media—television, newspaper and radio, I regard television as a better source.My statement that television is a better source of news is based on the following two reasons.The first reason is that television can report news more quickly.We can get the news at the same time when something is happening or immediately after something happened.While newspapers can only offer the news that happened a day or two days ago.The second reason is that television can report news more vividly and impressively.With sounds and pictures on TV, we can be deeply impressed by the news as if we were personally on the spot.But when we try to get news from the newspaper, we have to concentrate our mind on the lines and use our imaginations to for a concrete image, which is always tiresome and time-consuming.According to the above mentioned reasons;we can easily draw a conclusion that television is really a better source of news.模式II

如果作文要求比较两个事物的不同之处,宜用下列结构:

第一段, 引言句(一般用现象陈述法,提问)引出要比较的两个;主题句指出的两个事物存在着明显的差异或两个事物的不同特点.第二段, 直接评述A事物的主要特点,用拓展句加以说明(举例,一般阐述);指出B事物的主要特点,用拓展句加以具体明.(A1A2A3B1B2B3

subject-by-subject pattern)

第三段, 通过比较得出倾向性的结论, 表明作者的态度.Where to Live–in the City or the Country

Many people appreciate the conveniences of the city.The city has better transportation service and health care.City dwellers can easily enjoy themselves in restaurants, department stores and concert halls.They are well-informed about what is going on at home and abroad, and have the access to better education, better jobs and more opportunities for business.But country life is also attractive.With the fresh air, the green trees and the singing birds, country people are close to nature and live a quiet life.They can make friends with simple and honest men or wander about leisurely without any pressure upon their mind.Both the country and the city, however, have their own disadvantages.In the country, educational facilities, medical services and transportation systems are still not fully developed.And the city also has many problems, such as heavy traffic, air pollution, great noise and poor housing conditions.As far as I’m concerned, I hated the terrible dirt and noise in the city.So, given the chance, I would prefer to live peacefully in the country.The Main Difference Between Exam-oriented Education and Quality-oriented Education

Education in China used to be exam-oriented one.But with the development of education reform, quality-oriented education is stressed again and again.So there rises a question: what is the main difference between these two?

Accordingto my understanding, exam-oriented education focuses on students’ ability of passing examination of different levels.This education is to test the students command of knowledge they

have obtained from the textbooks.So examination results are the only criterion which is used to evaluate the students whether they are “excellent” ones or “bad” ones.However, quality-oriented

education focuses on students’ various qualities, including academic moral quality, cultural quality, most important, their individual personality and potentialities.The main purpose of this education is to bring students’ practical potentialities into full play.Quality-oriented education can teach students how to face difficulties and solve problems independently.From the above comparison between exam-oriented education and quality-oriented education, we find that the latter one is superior.So it is time for our universities and colleges to bring quality-oriented education into students’ daily life.比较一个事物的两个方面的时候也可以用这种模式：

第一段, 引言句引出要比较的两个方面（advantage & disadvantage）

第二段, 直接评述advantage,用拓展句加以说明(举例,一般阐述);然后再指出disadvantage,用拓展句加以具体明.(A1A2A3B1B2B3 subject-by-subject pattern)

第三段, 通过比较得出倾向性的结论, 表明优劣或作者态度.The Advantages and Disadvantages of Air Travel

In the last fifty years, traveling by air has become the most popular form of long-distance journeys.However, there are both positive and negative associated with it.The first advantage of air travel is that it is quick.For instance, we can fly from Beijing to Guangzhou in less than three hours.The second advantage of traveling by air is that it is convenient.After we have checked in, all we have to do is to get on and sit down.The friendly air stewardess will look after our every need.The third advantage of traveling by air is that it is now relatively cheep, especially for long distance travel.We can fly from Beijing to Guangzhou for only 1200 Yuan.But on the other hand, traveling by air has its disadvantages.Perhaps the most obvious is the element of danger involved, such as hijackings and crashes.Traveling by air also makes it impossible for us to see many scenic spot on the way to our destination.In addition to the above mentioned, a long distance air travel may make us very tired, both mentally and physically.Many precious days of holiday may be wasted recovering from airsickness.To conclude, although air travel involves inconvenience and slight risk, I would say that the advantages mentioned above weigh much more than the disadvantages.Exercise:

With the development of computer, the Internet has become widely used.It is just like information net that has covered the world.Some people worry that it provides too much for people.Write a composition of about 200 words to state your view on this issue.Does the Internet Provide Too Much for People

When a great deal of information is exchanged on the Internet almost every second, some people worry that it provides too much for people.To know it clearly, we should look at both sides of the Internet.On one hand, the Internet shows us a closer and wider world than ever before.Just staying at home, we can get all kinds of useful information in any scientific research field whenever we need.Through the Internet, more and more chances are provided to improve our work, enrich our knowledge and help our country to keep up with the others.But on the other hand, the Internet also brings us many troubles.Useless information and games send to us unavoidably.From this angle, we have to say that those people’s complaints are understandable.Generally speaking, the Internet has played an important role in modern life.It is like a double-edged sword.We should make the best use of one edge, and try not to be hurt by the other one.模式III

（该模式用于比较两个事物时作者的倾向比较明显）

第一段, 引言句引出要比较的两个事物;主题句概括地指出其中一个事物的优点和缺点。

（倾向于A）

第二段, 只评述A事物的优点,用拓展句加以说明(举例,一般阐述);指出A事物的缺点,用拓展句加以具体明.第三段, 通过比较得出倾向性的结论, 表明作者的态度.这样类似于比较一个事物的两个方面。

Sharing a Room with a Stranger or Living by Yourself

Nowadays, more and more college students like to live off campus.Some prefer to share a flat with somebody else to divide the rent between them and others prefer to have a flat to themselves.There are always two aspects to one situation.Sharing a flat with somebody else has its advantages and disadvantages.Study requires peace and quietness.A stranger who shares a room with you may disturb you.Your thoughts can be interrupted by his sudden return, or by asking for a light, or merely by his cough or sneeze.At night, when you want to sleep, he may be tossing in bed, making enough noise to keep you awake.If the stranger is bad-tempered, he may quarrel with you, and yet, you must have patience.However, there are many positive aspects of sharing a room with a stranger.First, with another person in the room, you will not feel lonely although far way from you home.Second, you can always help each other.Whatever difficulty you are in, you can get a helping hand.If the person you live with is a senior student, you can even get advice from him on your work and study.Third, living with a stranger offers you a chance of learning to get along with people.Since you have to live with a stranger for quite a long period, you will do your best to make friends with him.If you are successful in gaining his trust, you may also be successful in the more complicated and competitive society.Therefore, I think, sharing a room with a stranger is a good arrangement of living for all the disadvantages.I prefer to share a flat with someone else rather than live alone.Where to Live– in the City or in the Country

Each year thousands of people rush into big cities.Some come for education, some for shopping and some on business.But most of them, attracted by the job opportunities and modern life, come to stay.People enjoy city life chiefly for its conveniences.To begin with, the city provides fast transport, with roads and buses leading to every corner.Then, there are department stores and shops all over the city, where you can buy all kinds of goods you want.Besides, hospitals and other services are

all within easy reach.Indeed, whatever your need is, you can easily get what your want.However, ig cities are confronted with many problems.One is the housing problem.For examples, it is not uncommon for two or even three generations to share an apartment.Another problem is pollution.The air is not clean and the environment is noisy.In short, the city is only a place for business, to be visited occasionally.It is not an

ideal place for permanent living.模式IV

第一段, 引言句引出要比较的两个事物;主题句鲜明地表明作者的态度—倾向其中一个（如：

A）。

第二段, 只评述A事物的优点,用拓展句加以说明(举例,一般阐述)

第三段, 总结A的优点，再次表明态度，和第一段里态度一致。

这种方式就将比较型的说明文变成了阐述型的说明文。

Where to Live– in the City or in the Country

There are undeniable advantages to both life in a big city and in a small town.However, despite the advantages of small town life, I prefer to live in a big city for several reasons.First, life in the big city is more convenient.More goods are available and stores stay open later.Also, there is better public transportation, so it is easier to get around.I can find almost anything I want easily in the city.Second, there are more ways to spend leisure time in the city.There are many places I can go to meet friends and have fun.Finally, and most importantly, the city offers more educational and job opportunities.The city often attracts the best teachers and the best companies.There is also a wider choice of jobs so it is easier to move up the career ladder.For all these reasons, I prefer to live in the city.Although I sometimes miss the fresh air and quiet life of a small town, nothing can make up for the opportunities that the city offers.Exercise:

Some people believe that a college or university education should be available to all students;others believe that higher education should be available only to good students.What’s your opinion?

Opening University Doors to All Students

Some people believe that university education should be available to all students.Others believe that higher education should be limited to only good students.I think universities should open their doors to all students.Those who argue for the availability of university education to good students think that having only good students study in university would save the government’s fund.However, these people neglect one fact that most school graduates are too young to work.These young people, especially the so-called bad students, since they are refused by colleges and universities, have nothing to do and would easily form gangs.Those who argue for the availability of higher education to all students believe that every student should have the equal right to education.Besides, when mass students have university education year after year, the education lever of the whole society will finally get promoted, resulting in a better quality of the nation.Apparently, opening university doors to all students benefits the society and

the whole nation;therefore, it is a better choice for us to take.

第二篇：说明文写作

说明文写作

教学目标：

1.知识与技能：

（1）让学生了解说明文写作的基本要求，掌握写作说明文的创新技巧；

（2）能运用作文创新技巧，选择身边熟悉的事物，写出具有创意的精彩说明文。

2.过程与方法：

让学生自主合作，探究说明文写作创新的技巧，并能灵活地运用，以提高学生的写作能力和创新能力。

3.情感态度与价值观：

激发学生的写作热情和兴趣，培养学生创新精神和审美情趣，让学生养成良好的写作习惯。

教学重、难点：

自主探究出说明文写作创新的技巧，并能写出具有创意的精彩说明文。

教学准备：多媒体课件、作文范文材料

教学时间：1课时

教学过程：

一、导入新课，复习旧知（5′）

1.创设情境，导入新课

教师：课件出示“蜘蛛”的图片，请同学们轻声读读大屏幕上对蜘蛛解说的甲、乙两文，你喜欢哪段文字？请说说你喜欢的理由。

学生：轻读后，自由发言，说明自己喜欢乙文的理由。

教师：甲、乙两文都是对蜘蛛进行解说，甲文语言平实，枯燥无味，而乙文生动形象，趣味横生。大家都喜欢乙文，这是因为乙文“个性张扬，出奇制胜”（课件显示：性张扬，出奇制胜，创新作文）。我们今天这节课，就来探讨说明文创新写作的技巧，写出精彩的说明文，让更多的人喜欢读，也喜欢写说明文。（课件显示：创新作文，让你的文章精彩起来！）

2.知识回顾，复习旧知

教师出示课件，师生共同回顾说明文写作的有关知识：

（1）说明文是以说明为主要表达方式，对某一事物的形状、性质、成因、构造、功用等进行解释的一种文体。说明文主要目的是教给人知识，以知益人。

（2）说明文写作的基本要求是：

①能抓住事物的特征进行说明。

②能根据说明对象的特征，采用适当的说明顺序和说明方法。

③说明语言要准确、简明。

二、佳作赏读，探讨技巧（10′）

1.佳作赏读，发现亮点

教师：向学生分发作文范文，要求学生快速默读四篇范文，发现文章的亮点，并用笔勾画出来，想一想：你为什么喜欢这篇文章？这些说明文精彩的奥秘是什么？

学生：快速默读四篇范文，边读边用笔勾画出文章的精彩之处。

2.组内讨论，探讨技巧

教师：①赏读完成后，将学生分成四个小组，要求四个小组分别重点探讨其中一篇文章创新的技巧。

②学生组内交流、讨论时，教师巡视并指导。

③学生讨论完成后，要求四个小组分别在组内推选出一位代表，在全班交流、展示讨论成果。

学生：①小组内交流自己发现的文章亮点，并讨论这些亮点精彩的奥秘。②组内推选出一位代表，在全班交流、展示。

三、技法点拨，“出彩”妙招（5′）

教师：①结合学生的发言，归纳四篇佳作精彩的奥秘;②对说明文“出彩”妙招归纳总结，创新作文技法点拨（出示课件）

1、标题新颖

2、生动风趣

（1）紧扣中心，妙引资料。巧妙地引述与说明内容紧密相关的神话、传说、史话以及轶闻趣事等。

（2）描写精当，叙述简洁。寓说明于精当的描写或简洁的叙述之中。

（3）讲究修辞，生动说明

①巧妙地运用比喻、拟人等修辞方法，生动形象地说明;②恰当地引用一些优美的诗句、谚语、俗语等，丰富内容，增添文采。

3、合理想象。大胆而合理的想象，既能形象地突出事物的特征，又让读者浮想联翩，引人入胜。

4、构思奇巧。说明事物，可以巧借诗歌、故事、童话、日记、对话、诉状等文体形式，精巧构思，出奇制胜。还有：（1）自述身世法，（2）故事串接法，（3）比喻解说法。

方法百种，贵在创新。我们在说明某一事物时，根据不同内容的表达需要，完全可以再创造出一些新形式新方法。

学生：边听边看大屏幕，并跟随老师默读说明文的“出彩”妙招。

四、实战演练，重在“出彩”（10′）

教师：①出示课件，布置实战演练的内容：选取你生活中最熟悉的某一事物（如动植物、器物、用具等）为说明对象，就其某一方面为说明重点，写一则具有创意的说明文。字数在150字左右。②学生作文时，教师巡视指导。

学生：运用说明文的“出彩”妙招，有创意地拟题，构思，创新作文。

五、习作评改，精彩展示（8′）

（一）习作评改

1.自评自改

教师：出示课件，要求学生作文完成后轻声通读全文并自评自改，提示评改重点①有错别字吗？②语句通顺、流畅吗？③有新意吗？

学生：按老师的要求和提示对习作自评自改。

2.互评互改

教师：要求学生自评自改后，组内交换习作，互评互改。提示评改方法和评改重点。

（1）评改方法：①快速默读全文，总体感知习作内容；②快速浏览，搜索、锁定评改点，圈点勾画，进行评改；③发现亮点，写出具有个性、鼓励性强的总结性评语。

（2）评改重点：①标题新颖吗？②生动风趣吗？③构思奇特吗？④进行大胆想象了吗?

学生：按老师的要求和提示进行互评互改。

（二）精彩展示

1.交流推选

学生习作评改完成后，组内交流，每个小组推选出一篇最具创意、最精彩的习作。

2.精彩展示

（1）由作者本人朗读精彩美文，评改者读评语。

（2）师生共同点评。

六、课堂小结（2′）

今天这堂课，同学们表现得非常好，老师跟你们合作很愉快，你们写出的说明文非常有创意，让老师分享到了你们创新作文的快乐，我回去一定告诉我的学生：“说明文因为你们而精彩！”

谢谢大家,再见！

附一：说明文佳作赏读材料

1、我是一只蜘蛛

我是一只蜘蛛——名副其实的“网虫”，因为我织得一张结实有用的网。而那些自称是“网虫”的人类恐怕连“网”的真正含义都没弄懂吧，他们都是假冒伪劣“产品”，而我，才是正宗的网虫。且不说这些，人们常说“民以食为天。”当然，我也是如此，我喜欢吃各种小昆虫。经过勤学苦练，我练就了一脚独门功夫，名曰“蜘蛛降虫十八丝”，于是我被朋友们称为“蜘蛛侠”。这个名字听起来让人心里怪舒服的，但据可靠情报称，朋友们说的是“蜘蛛瞎”（我视力不好）。

我顶喜欢那些蚊、蚋等吸食人畜鲜血的小飞虫。当蚊、蚋等小虫飞来时，不小心触在我的网上，我早已在网上涂了一层高效胶，只要它们粘在上面，就别想再脱身了。这时，我兴高采烈地急冲上去，将它们咬在嘴里，把它们体内的汁液全部吸掉，嗯，味道不错，可以称得上美味佳肴了！我帮助人类除掉它们。没有功劳也有苦劳吧，本以为人类会大大赞赏我，可是就因为我的形象有点儿问题，人们便不理睬我，甚至杀死我。哼，真伤自尊！

对于稍大一些的昆虫，可以采用我总结的“蜘蛛七十二计”中的第五计——“游击战”的方法。我跑过去，放出丝来，用脚抻着丝缚住它，十分小心地将它一圈一圈地缚住，直至我认为它不会反攻为止，才上前去吃它。我的食量不怎么大，胃口却很好。我最近开始饭后漱口了，所以说“牙好,胃口就好，吃嘛嘛香”！

我最怕蜾蠃了。也许它是全天下最最狡猾最最狠毒的毫无虫性的虫子了。蜾蠃飞来触网，我便连忙兴奋地跑到网中央去，不想反被它捉住了。我以为自己这条小命已经完了，没想到苍天有眼，那只蜾蠃在带我去它家的路上心脏病突发而死，我竟在蜾蠃口中脱险。我想起小时候奶奶给我讲过，蜾蠃将我们蜘蛛带去它们的巢里，给它们的孩子当作面包吃掉。我爷爷就是被蜾蠃捉去的。我恨死那些蜾蠃了，我以后一定要提高警惕，不再盲目地去捕捉我的猎物，而且要潜心研究对付蜾蠃的方法，有朝一日，将蜾蠃降服。

这就是我的远大目标。

2、地球的衣服

地球的衣服绚丽多彩。山脉、海洋、湖泊以及我们居住的楼房、村庄，都是大地衣服的一部分。

翻开地图，你会发现地球活像圣诞老人的打扮：戴着白色宽大的帽子，穿一身七彩的袍子，腰间系一条翠绿的绸带，脚蹬洁白的靴子。仔细地看看，原来帽子是天寒地冻的南极，七彩袍子是黄土地、大海、山脉，等等，绿绸带是赤道的热带森林，白靴子是冰雪晶莹的北极。

地球的衣服多么惹人喜爱啊！不要以为地球的装饰就这一个模样，它穿的可是一套变幻多姿的衣服。春天，翠绿是它衣服的主调，有的地方也飘洒着几朵白花，活泼可爱；夏天，一片片深绿的枝叶与红灿灿的花儿、蓝莹莹的海水浑然一体，热烈泼辣；到了秋天，黄色显示了它的深沉，硕果累累，金叶铺地，一切都那么成熟娴静；冬天来临的时候，到处冰天雪地，袍子上又缀满了白花，显得纯洁无瑕。

正如人们的衣服上有漂亮的图案一样，地球的衣服上饰满了丰富多彩的花纹：有高耸挺拔的山峰，最高的是亚洲的珠穆朗玛峰，高达8848米；有绵延不断的山脉，最长的是南美洲大陆上雄据七国的安第斯山脉，长约9000公里；有平坦无垠的平原，最大的是南美的亚马逊平原，方圆567万平方千米；有一泻千里的江河，最长的是尼罗河；有黄沙满地的沙漠，最大的是非洲的撒哈拉大沙漠，大约有777万平方千米；有晶莹纯蓝的海洋，约占地球表面积的71%；还有郁郁葱葱的森林„„这些五花八门的图案，给地球的衣服增色不少。人类是地球的主人，如今人们开始重视起地球的服装美学了。在地球上，建起楼房，筑起铁路，耕耘土地，种植五谷杂粮，培育奇花异草„„这一切好似绣在地球衣服上的秀丽小花。尤其值得称道 的是人类的杰作：万里长城、金字塔、埃菲尔铁塔、自由女神像„„这些伟大的建筑是地球衣服上最富神采的绣花。

总之，地球的衣服是颇为多姿的。这不仅仅是大自然的杰作，更重要的是人类智慧的结晶，我们应该永远保持它的美观洁净。

3、钢笔的控诉

尊敬的法官先生：

我叫“英雄”钢笔。几个月前，我从上海钢笔厂诞生，身着笔挺的银灰色塑料西装，头戴金黄色钢盔，“英雄”气度不凡。不料好景不长，由于小主人的虐待和折磨，我现在不仅昨日“英雄”风采不复，而且是遍体鳞伤，奄奄一息，到了苟延残喘的地步。万般无奈，我只好起诉我的小主人。

我第一次受摧残，那是个严寒的日子，小主人到火炉边烤火，顺便也把我捏在手里玩弄。结果我的衣服被烤得吱吱叫，随之变形。法官先生，你想，我的衣服是塑料制作的，怎么能经受高温呢?还好，小主人发现我的衣服破损变形,就从另一个伙伴身上扒下了一套黑衣服给我穿。尽管我穿在身上很别扭，却还是忍气吞声承受着。我生性只吃“素”，不吃“荤”，不能同油类物质接触。可小主人他根本不放在心上。口袋里常常装满了巧克力糖，把我和巧克力糖放在一起，偏偏又忘了给我戴帽子，结果巧克力糖的油脂渗进我嘴里，堵塞了喉咙，使我根本不能正常工作。小主人见我不能工作了，又在硬纸上、桌上使劲乱戳乱画，很快就把我弄歪了。小主人的父亲为了挽救我，把我送到医院去诊治。经修理钢笔的医生一番开膛破肚的手术，我才痊愈。然而小主人仍旧执迷不悟。您知道，我的肠胃比较娇嫩，不能乱吃食物，如果需要改变食物，必须先用清水洗一下肠胃。小主人却不管这一套。有一天上课，墨水用完了，他就向这位同学要一点，又向那位同学要一点，这些墨水的型号都跟平时吃的不一样，混合在我的肠胃里，发生了化学反应，造成沉淀。由于这样的事件接连不断地发生，现在我的肠胃已经有了溃疡，怕是就要穿呢！还有，我吃完东西以后，应该将衣服和嘴巴上的食物擦干净。可小主人从不肯这样。我的衣服、嘴巴上经常青一块紫一块，小主人他自己也弄得满手墨水。上星期天晚上，小主人让我写完作业后，急着去看电视，不给我戴帽子，把我顺手住桌上一扔，结果我落到了地下，摔得遍体鳞伤，牙齿断裂了。小主人看我不能为他服务了，便索性把我扔到了墙角。

尊敬的法官先生，我实在不堪虐待和折磨，才特地起诉小主人，请求法庭对我的小主人公开审判，并向整个社会呼吁：要爱护好我们钢笔，让我们能够把有限的生命投入到无限的为人民服务中去。

控诉人：“英雄”钢笔

2007年4月5日

4、话蛇

蛇，体型长，其五脏六腑，皆成条状附于腹腔，行动靠鳞片一张一缩地非直线爬行。因此，人们将蛇又叫长虫。

民间有个俗语叫“打草惊蛇”。为什么打草能惊蛇呢？因为蛇没有外耳，只有内耳。靠空气振动传播的声音，蛇是难以听到的。而打草发出的音响，通过地面一下子传入蛇的内耳。蛇闻声受惊，便飞快地逃之夭夭。民间还有一个俗语叫“一朝被蛇咬，十年怕草绳”。为什么呢？因为蛇分毒蛇和无毒蛇。一旦被毒蛇所咬，会使你神经和血液中毒，甚至危及生命。最毒的蛇有五步蛇、眼镜蛇、蝮蛇和金环蛇、银环蛇等。因毒蛇之厉害，故把毒狠之人称为“蛇蝎”。

尽管蛇族历史悠久，分布广泛，但蛇的数量不是与日俱增，而是日渐减少。从古至今的人们太爱吃蛇。柳宗元《捕蛇者说》提到蛇，就是那个“春宵苦短日高起，从此君王不早朝”的唐明皇要吃蛇，而且要吃“黑质而白章”的五步蛇。那时从郡王到庶民百姓都好吃蛇。今天的大都市，蛇餐馆也是遍地开花。食蛇客多了，蛇焉能不少？“广州一大怪，长虫当小菜。”广州人特别喜欢吃蛇。广州最大的蛇餐馆，叫“蛇满王”，每天顾客千余人。其中最有名的菜，是由蛇肉和猫肉烹成的“龙虎斗”，蛇猫鸡烹成的“龙虎凤大会”。

长此以往，人类将失去捕鼠能手。那么庄稼地和草场，将是老鼠的世界。而好吃蛇肉的人因没有蛇肉可吃，又要靠什么来壮阳？

第三篇：写作 说明文

第 课时 写作

说明文 月 日第 周

【教学目标】

1、知识目标：进一步复习有关说明文的写作常识。

2、能力目标：尝试写简单的事理说明文。

3、情感目标：养成细致观察世界的良好习惯。【教学重点及其教学难点】

1、教学重点：细致全面地收集有效信息资源。

2、教学难点：有序整合已知信息，结构成文。【教学方法】 讲授结合练习法 【教学过程】

一、写作指导：

说明文是解说事物、阐明事理的一种文体，它以说明为主要的表达方式，目的是给读者以科学的知识和认识事物的科学方法。说明文运用范围广泛，与人们学习、工作和生活的关系相当密切。

依据说明对象和说明目的的分类，说明文可以分为解说事物和阐释事理两类，即事物说明文和事理说明文。事物说明文通过对事物的形状构造、性质特点、演变过程等进行客观、准确地说明，使读者了解、认识事物。事理说明文着眼于对事物的形成发展、原理规律等进行探讨，使读者知其然知其所以然。当然，有时在一篇说明文中，解说事物和阐释事理往往是交错使用的。

说明文的写作，首先要把握说明对象的特征，所谓说明对象的特征，就是这一事物或现象区别于其他事物或现象的标志。把握特征，不能停留在表面上，要了解事物或现象的本质。如茅以升的《中国石拱桥》先介绍了一般石拱桥的特点，然后以赵州桥为例，说明了我国石拱桥在设计和施工上的独特创造以及不朽的艺术价值。又如位梦华的《旅鼠之谜》，介绍了北极旅鼠在繁殖方面的奇异行为，并通过现象深入本质，致力于探究北极旅鼠繁殖能力惊人、控制种群数量和死亡大迁移这三大奥秘的成因。

说明文的写作，其次要合理安排说明顺序。

事物有自身的条理规律，把握规律来安排说明顺序，能使说明内容井然有序，条理清楚。说明文的写作顺序一般有三种：一是空间顺序，多用于介绍建筑群或画面。运用这种顺序，可以依据空间位置的转换来介绍被说明事物的各个方面。如黄传惕的《故宫博物院》，说明故宫建筑群处在一定的空间方位上，排列有序，内部建筑有主有次。文章的说明顺序就按照空间位置安排，先写外部城门，后写城内建筑；写内部建筑时又先写主，后写次。二是时间顺序，多用于说明程序，其中有的是真正意义上的时间顺序，是揭示事物发展变化动态的；有的仅是表现观察或制作过程的程序。如崔金泰、宋广礼的《从甲骨文到缩微图书》，就是按时间顺序安排结构的。文章先写文字产生和出现书籍的雏形，再写真是的书籍，最后写现代的书籍，从而说明了书籍发展演变的过程。三是逻辑顺序，就是按事物的内部联系来组织安排材料多用于阐释性的说明。因为这类说明文常常由具体到抽象，由表面现象到内在事理，由个别推及一般，所以结构上常先写状态，再写成因，最后揭示本质特征。如刘兵的《死海不死》，先说现象——传说约两千年前，罗马统帅狄杜把俘虏的奴隶投在死海里，但奴隶却没有淹死；然后解释原因——死海海水的咸度很高；再进一步解说死海的成因。

这三种说明顺序常常是结合在一起运用的，解说事物时有事理渗透，阐释事理时有事物解说。比如叶圣陶的《景泰蓝的制作》，通篇是按时间顺序来组合的，但是在一些部分，如说明粘在铜胎上的图画为什么一般要用繁笔，就运用了逻辑顺序，从热学和力学的角度说明这种工艺制作的原理。

说明文的写作，还要恰当地运用常见的说明方法。

说明文基本的说明方法，有下定义、非类别、举例子、作比较、列数字和列图表等。这些说明方法的运用，在初中阶段学习说明文的阅读写作时都已经基本掌握。

需要强调的是，现阶段说明文写作学习中对运用说明方法有更高的要求。比如下定义。有时内容表达要求所下的定义能揭示某一事物的本质特征或某一概念的基本含义，因此，定义的内容必须合乎科学，准确无误；定义的表达也必须遵守下定义的语言规范。

还有，这些说明方法在说明文写作中常常是综合运用的。说明事物、事理的方法有很多，在实际运用时，并不是每次仅用一种说明方法，常常需要多种说明方法组合在一起，互相配合和补充，这就是综合说明。综合说明可以更全面、具体而翔实地说明事物、事理。虽然综合说明表达效果更好，但也不能不顾内容表达的需要勉强运用，因为运用说明方法仅仅是达到说明目的的手段，内容决定形式，用什么方法说明要服从内容表达的需要。

二、写作练习：

从下列三题中任选一题作文。

1、在观察生活时你曾发现自然界的神奇，在学习科学中你也曾注意到令人费解的现象……你觉察了其中蕴含的科学道理吗？请你选出其中最有意思的两种现象，分别写一段文字说明事理，要求语言简明生动，每段不超过300字。

2、请依据空间顺序，介绍你所熟悉的一组建筑群或一幅画面；或依据时间顺序，说明你所熟悉的事物的发展变化过程。要求自拟题目，综合运用多种说明方法，不少于600字。

3、所谓尝试回忆，就是对所学内容进行复习巩固时，先不看书本、笔记，二是进行回忆；回忆过后才与书本、笔记对照，查漏补缺。从下面表格的实验数据对比中，可以发现一条什么样的记事规律？这份实验数据给了我们怎样的启示？请分析研究，写一篇说明文，谈谈你对有关尝试回忆学习方法的认识。教后记

第四篇：说明文写作

No Pains, No Gains

Nowadays, it’s widely acknowledged that hard working is the only way to success.Just as a famous saying goes: “No pains, no gains.” So does students’ study in college.Some people think that a student’s success in university study follows the same pattern as that of farming, which is characterized by sowing the seeds, nurturing growth and harvesting the rewards’ process.As far as I’m concerned, I am in favor of the idea.To start with, like farmers sowing seeds in the soil, students need to try every effort to input knowledge into their minds as much as possible.For example, a proficient farmer knows a good harvest depends on spring sowing.Likewise, adequate knowledge input paves the way to good academic grades and future success.An excellent student will listen to their teachers attentively and read extensively after class in order to enrich their knowledge.Furthermore, just as the growth of crops needs nutrition, the consolidation and mastery of knowledge also requires practice.Without nourished materials, crops can’t grow healthily and sturdily.Similarly, students who idly wait for success or resort to dishonest means, such as academic plagiarism and examination cheating will end up with failure or punishment.Last but not least, diligent farmers will definitely have a good harvest after sowing the seeds and nourishing the plants.Equally, with rich knowledge and years of hard working, college students cannot only become knowledgeable people, but can also pass all the examinations with flying colors, get good grades in competitions and stand out from job hunting.In a word, success is the fruit of perspiration.

第五篇：说明文写作口诀和

说明文写作口诀和范文

口诀：说明文写作注重“序”，依据信息来动笔，时间、空间和逻辑，“三种顺序”选其一。要把说明文写得条理分明，就要掌握一定的说明顺序。常用的说明顺序有：空间顺序、时间顺序、逻辑顺序。空间顺序是指从整体到局部，从上到下，从内到外的顺序；时间顺序是指时间上从先到后的顺序；逻辑顺序是指先因果或先果后因或先主后次的顺序。参照模式：

1、顺序说明法：

These are several reasons why I decided to study in this school.First of all, the students in this school are friendly.Secondly, there is a big library and 3 big computer rooms.Thirdly, there are many finest teachers.Finally, this school is not far from my home.It won’t take me long time to go to school.这段文章介绍了一个学生在这个学校学习的理由。全段层次分明，连接词语（firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally）运用得当。

2、举例说明法

Computers are very important in our lives.For example, they can do many kinds of work.You can get lots of information on them.You can also watch interesting movies and videos.By the way, downloading music is a good choice.We even use them to play computer games at home.Today a lot of people buy computers.Computers are becoming more and more popular.本段文章首先说明了电脑的重要性，然后用for example来举例说明电脑的不同用途。

3、因果关系法

Of all the pets, I like dogs best.I prefer dogs because dogs can do lots of things for people.People keep a dog not only for pleasure but also for safety.A dog can be a guard.In the country, farmers like to keep dogs for pleasure, too.Besides, some of the dogs can help farmers to look after other animals, such as sheep and pigs.Dogs can be a great help to army soldiers and policemen.Dogs often do important work for them.So dogs are really our good friends, and we must take good care of them.第一句是本段的主题句，末句是总结句。在主题句后，作者用连词because引出了句子来阐述自己喜欢宠物狗的理由。

实践演练：

一、为配合我市举行的“6.5世界环境日”万人骑自行车城区环游活动，请你写一篇一Lower Carbon(低碳), Happier Life 为题的英语短文。（以上背景内容无须表达）短文要点如下：

1、在6月5日自己骑自行车上学，父母骑车上班。

2、在家使用节能灯，减少洗澡淋浴时间。

3、将用过的课本留给下届学生。

4、请你就此话题补充1~2个个人做法。

要求：

1、不要逐次翻译；

2、在文中不要提及真实的校名和姓名；

3、词数80左右，短文标题和首尾句已给出，不计入总词数。

参考词汇：节能灯 energy-saving lamp 用过的used 下届lower grades

Lower Carbon, Happier Life

It’s our duty to save the environment.I will go to school by bike instead of taking the bus on June 5.And I will also ask my parents to ride to work that day.At home, we will use energy-saving lamps and spend less time when we are taking a shower.Don’t throw away the used textbooks and leave them to the students of lower grades.At the same time, I will tell my parents to take

bags when they are shopping.I will turn off the lights before leaving.Lower carbon, happier life.Let’s take actions.二、某英文报举办“家乡的变化”主题征文活动。请你根据一下提示，以The Changes in My Hometown 为题，用英语写一篇不少于90词的短文。

过去：1.生活贫困，房屋破旧。2.污染严重，垃圾满地。3.交通不便，游客很少。

现在：1.生活：住房宽敞、明亮；许多人有自己的汽车。2.环境：山更绿，水更清，天更蓝…… 3.旅游：每年有成千上万来自世界各地的游客。

请你展望家乡的未来。

注意：文中不得出现具体的地名，否则扣分。

The changes in My Hometown

In the past, my hometown was very small.People lived a poor life.The houses were old and small.Pollution was very serious, and there was rubbish everywhere.The traffic was not convenient, so few visitors came here.Now great changes have taken place in my hometown.The environment has become more beautiful.The mountains have turned greener, the rivers clearer and the sky bluer.There are trees, flowers and grass everywhere.People live a better life.Their houses are larger and brighter.Many people have their own cars.Every year, thousands of people from all over the world come to visit our city.I’m sure my hometown will become better and better in the future.三、世界上已有许多国家发现了新型H1N1流感病毒(H1N1 flu virus)病例.据了解，人感染该病毒后会出现咳嗽、发烧、疲劳等症状.为了加强同学们的预防意识，(21世纪中学生英语报>正在举办征文活动，请你给该报投稿，描述感染该病毒的症状并谈一谈为了预防该病毒我们该怎么做，最后表达我们能战胜病毒的信心.提示词：cough, have a fever, feel tired, prevent,四、如今随着人们生活水平的不断提高，轿车的家庭拥有量越来越高，道路交通安全已成为一个严重的社会问题。时常发生的交通意外触目惊心，并把醉驾（drunken driving）纳入刑法。你认为引发交通意外的原因有哪些（至少列举三种），并就应如何预防提出自己的建议。开头已给出，不计入总词数。（要求80—100字）

Nowadays, more and more people drive to work instead of going by bus.Traffic accidents can be seen almost every day.In my opinion, some people don’t obey traffic rules.They either drive too fast on the road or go on driving when the traffic lights turn red.Many traffic accidents took place in this way.What’s more, some drivers drive after drinking.And I think drunken driving is the most dangerous not only for other people but also for the drivers themselves.Besides, some people use their cellphoneswhile driving

Life is the most important, so I urge everyone to obey the traffic rules strictly so that we can live happily and safely.