第一篇：外贸经贸知识选读
全国2010年7月高等教育自学考试
外刊经贸知识选读试题
课程代码：00096
一、单项选择题(本大题共15小题，每小题2分，共30分)
在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个可以替代句中划线的单词或词组，请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。错选、多选或未选均无分。
1.The original ban on private trading had long since been()
A.waved
B.waited
C.waived
D.wanted
2.are produced according to sample provided by the customer.()
A.Procedures
B.Products
C.Potentials
D.Proposals
3.China is the rewards of reforms first launched by Deng Xiaoping in 1979.()
A.obtaining
B.bouncing
C.radiating
D.raising
4.Many countries in the region were adversely by declines in workers’ remittances and tourism revenues.()
A.stagnated
B.slackened
C.compounded
D.impacted
5.The museum stored all articles in a locked showcase.()
A.breakable
B.payable
C.considerable D.amenable
6.The US asks the World Trade Organization to limit trade to $1bn instead of the $4bn sanctions the EU wants to impose.()
A.penalties
B.confrontations
C.frictions
D.consequences
7.The world’s second largest economy, Japan, has been for nearly a decade, after the boom of the early 1980s collapsed.()
A.active
B.robust
C.inactive
D.encouraging
8.Exports of Japanese machinery the downturn quite well because the Asian economies that buy them continued to boom.()
A.disputed
B.provoked
C.reckoned
D.resisted
9.Email scripts on a computer without one’s knowledge.()
A.trespass
B.eliminate
C.detract
D.proceed
10.Dubai is making progress in its efforts to promote international of its attractions.()
A.accommodation
B.consciousness
C.coincidence
D.legitimacy
11.Security Council members confirm support for African efforts to conflict between Ethiopia and Eritrea.()
A.spread
B.spoil
C.stop
D.spill
12.Smoking is strictly in the process of handling explosive materials.()
A.flourished
B.endured
C.subsidized
D.forbidden
13.Big companies understand the importance of()
A.executives
B.experiments
C.franchises
D.trademarks
14.That market alone half of the volume and 40 per cent of the value of the total U.S.exports of shell eggs for food use.()
A.added to
B.shared with
C.amounted to
D.connected with
15.International not-for-profit trade association with 50 corporate members resided in 20 countries who produce 95 percent of the world supply of rubber.()
A.productive
B.artificial
C.tropical
D.artistic
二、将下列词组译成中文（本大题共10小题，每小题1 分，共10分）
16.market share
17.raw material
18.capital market
19.foreign-exchange reserves
20.bilateral pacts
21.intellectual property
22.free trade
23.(OPEC)
24.hard currency
25.consumer goods
三、将下列词组译成英文（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分）
26.战略性储备
27.服务贸易
28.供应过剩
29.清算协议
30.利息付款
31.特别提款权
32.证券投资
33.生产力
34.合资企业
35.技术转让
四、简答题（本大题共6小题，共18分）
Passage 1
In 1991, for the second year the economies of low-income and middle-income countries virtually as measured by an increase in per capita gross domestic product(GDP).output for developing countries advanced by slightly less than 2 per cent during 1991(similar to the weak performance of 1990), implying an easing in per capita income of 0.1 per cent.Aggregate statistics for 1991 were influenced by the sharp decline in output in Central and Eastern Europe, as well as by the adverse effects of the Gulf crisis on several economies in the Middle East.Excluding Central and Eastern Europe, growth in developing countr
ies in 1991 was 3.4 per cent, compared with 3.8 per cent during the 1980s.Estimates of GDP growth by major region show an acceleration in Latin America and in sub-Saharan Africa;an increase in China’s growth rate helped to sustain high rates of growth in the East Asia region.36.What do “in a row”, “stagnate” and “aggregate” mean in the first paragraph?
37.What kind of influence did the Gulf crisis have on the Middle East economy?
38.What does the report mean to emphasize using the word “geographic”?
Passage 2
Some of the Clinton administration’s tough talk appears intended to pressure trading partners into offering concession and to unblock stalled negotiations on several fronts.But it appears that officials are prepared to turn up the temperature on trade—and live with the consequences.In some ways, Mr.Clinton and his advisers are following the same well-trod path as the Bush administration, which threatened sanctions against the Community last year and walked away from GATT negotiations rather than sign an agreement that would provide only small gains for U.S.companies.The same political pressures from trade hawks in Congress that the Bush officials felt are now bearing down on the Clinton team.39.“Some of the Clinton administration’s tough talk” is described as being “tactical” in the text.What is the implication of in the given context?
40.What did the Clinton administration have in common with the Bush administration in their attitude toward the EU?
41.Why did America refuse to sign a GATT agreement as mentioned in the second passage?
五、正误判断题（本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分）
Passage 1
John T.Chambers, Chief Executive of Cisco Systems, talks about the merger of Cisco with a larger company:
A merger of equals had a lot of appeal.If you combine the Number 1 and Number 2 players in an industry, by definition you’re Number 1 in terms of size.By combining two companies with good management teams, you automatically build up the strength of your management.You can also widen your customer base and have more distribution channels.In addition, the merger automatically makes your remaining competition second level.As a result, your competition must rethink its strategy.In the end, you force a period of mergers and acquisitions on your competition.When we looked more closely, our concerns were raised.For example, 50 percent of large-scale mergers fail.Mergers can fail on a number of levels.They can fail in terms of their benefit to the shareholders, customers, employees and business partners.A decision has to be right with each of those groups, or we would not go forward with it.If you merge two companies that are growing at 80 percent rates, you stand a very good chance of stopping both of them.That’s a fact.For a period of time, no matter how smoothly they operate, you lose momentum.Our industry is not like the banking industry, where you are acquiring branch banks and customers.In our industry, you are acquiring people.And if you don’t keep those people, you have made a terrible, terrible investment.We pay between $500,000 and $2 million per person in an acqusition.So you can understand that if you don’t keep the people, you’ve done a tremendous disservice to your shareholders.So we focus first on the people and how we incorporate them into our company, and then we focus on how to drive the business.42.The passage talks about the benefits and problems after a merger of companies.()
43.The word “competition” in this passage means “rivals”.()
44.In order to compete with other companies, Cisco is forced to go into the next round of mergers.()
45.The reason why 50 percent of large-scale mergers fail is just that the companies do not let their shareholders, customers, employees and business partners make decisions.()
46.When Cisco Systems buys another company, its primary focus is on its customers.()Passage 2
In the eyes of economists, economic growth is a phenomenon about population.First, the accumulation of capital needed to support growth comes from citizens’ saving tendencies.A labor-intensive economy has more deposit capacity than an ageing society.Secondly, economic growth relies on the growth of labor forces, especially young laborers.Sustained growth also depends on education standards.In China, labor forces are mainly outsourced from rural areas.In the past 25 years, some 160 million rural laborers have quit traditional farming and found employment in cities or non-farming sectors.Although agriculture still employs more than 60 per cent of China’s population, its share in the country’s financial revenue has declined to less than 15 per cent, dropping from 40 per cent or so in late 1970s.This also shows that China’s growth is mainly based on an industrialization course featuring expansion of the manufacturing sector.Continuous supply of labor forces has improved China’s private saving capability substantially, which means surplus income that can be reinvested to fuel economic growth.The importance of labor supply in China’s growth dynamics means it is necessary to review the way China’s population increases.After years of decline, China’s birth rate is now equivalent to that of other emerging East Asian economies.The low birth rate in the country is mainly a result of the family planning policy initiated in the late 1970s.Some scholars have estimated China will see zero growth in young laborers in 2015.Some have also projected that by 2030, 20 per cent of China’s population will be over 60-years-old, compared to 8 per cent now, and the number of pensioners will be more than 40
per cent of the number of working people.47.This passage mainly talks about the importance of labor supply in China’s economic growth.()
48.The two factors that will limit China’s future growth are the industrialization process and the slowdown in labor supply.()
49.China’s productivity mainly resulted from the transfer of labor forces to farming sectors.()
50.One major characteristic of China’s industrialization is the development of manufacturing business.()
51.The contribution of agriculture to China’s financial revenue has remained quite stable over the past three decades.()
六、翻译题（本大题12分）
52.Interest in imports from China is high.The Chinese consulate’s commercial section in Dubai reported a continual stream of visitors in the run-up to the exhibition from companies wanting to do business for the first time with China.More than 4,000 Chinese traders visited the emirates on government and private missions last year.As a result of this activity, China’s exports to the UAE have almost doubled from $279.5 million in 1990 to $522.7 million in 1992, according to Chinese government statistics.Dubai’s statistics show that China was the fifth largest supplier in 1990
第二篇：自考经贸知识选读复习材料(串讲)
第一章
一、术语
制成品 manufactured goods 资本货物 capital goods 国际收支 balance of payments 经常项目 current account 有形贸易项目 visible trade account 无形贸易项目 invisible trade account 贸易顺差 trade surplus 贸易逆差 trade deficit
易货贸易 barter 补偿贸易 compensation trade 反向贸易 counter-trade 组装生产 assembly manufacturing 工商统一税 industrial and commercial consolidated tax 合资企业 joint venture 延期付款 deferred payment 买方信贷 buyer credit 卖方信贷 supplier credit 软贷款(低息贷款)soft loan 最惠国待遇 MFN treatment(Most Favored nation treatment)
永久性正常贸易关系 PNTR(Permanent Normal Trading Relations)国民收入 NI(National Income)国民生产总值 GNP(Gross National Product)国内生产总值 GDP(Gross Domestic Product)国际复兴和
开发银行 IBRD(International Bank for Reconstruction and Development)国际开发协会 IDA(International Development Association)国际金融公司
IFC(International Finance Comporation)经济合作和发展组织 OECD(Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development)
国际清算银行 BIS(Bank for International Settlement)欧洲经济共同体 EEC(European Economic Community)欧洲联盟 EU(European Union)外商直接投资 FDI(Foreign Direct Investment)
二、词语释义：
substantially : dramatically, significantly, considerably
subsequently: afterwards
exacerbate: deteriorate, worsen;aggravate;make worse
withdraw: cancellation 1
theme: principle
in return for: in exchange for
disrupt: interrupt
destined: designed
pronounced: marked
in the wake of: following;after with
undue: too much;unbearable
reverse: change to the opposite
buoyant: brisk
outcome: result
boost: stimulate;promote;develop
recover: rebound
facilitate: make easy
run-down: reduction
mount exhibitions: hold exhibitions
insofar as: to the extent
bottlenecks: obstacles
三、句子翻译
1.During the 1950s China exported agricultural products to the USSR and East European countries in return for manufactured goods and the capital equipment required for the country’s industrialization programme which placed emphasis on the development of heavy industry.20世纪50年代，中国向前苏联和东欧各国出口农产品以换取制成品和国家的工业化计划所要求的资本设备，而国家的工业化计划则强调重工业的发展。
2.The growth of foreign trade was distrupted again during the Cultural Revolution when agricultural and industrial production fell sharply and transportation constraints became more serious.在文化大革命期间，外贸的增长又一次被打断了。当时农业和工业生产急剧下降，运输管制变的更严重。
3.Exports grew much faster than imports during this period not only because of the strong emphasis placed on exporting by China’s economic planners, but also because a number of industrial projects were postponed in 1979.Official recognition that foreign technology could play a major role in modernizing the Chinese economy has caused imports to rise by more than 50 per cent in 1978, placing undue strain on the national economy.在这个时期，出口增长要快于进口增长不仅是由于中国经济计划者着重强调出口，也是因为大多工业项目在1979年被推迟了。官方承认外国技术能够在中国经济的现代化化中起重大作用，这导致了1978年中国的进口增加了50%以上，从而给国民经济带来了重压。
4.Chinese official stress the importance of introducing advanced technology to domestic industry, but the need is for technology of varying degrees of sophistication，not necessarily for advanced technology as that term is understood in the West.中国官员强调为国内工业引进先进技术的重要性，但是需要的是各种程度不同的精尖技术，而不是像西方国家理解的先进技术。
5.There are no official statistics covering the invisible account of the balance of payments，but the size of the visible trade surplus during 1981-1983 and a pronounced increase in earnings from tourism suggest that the current account has been in surplus over the past few years.没有官方的统计资料涉及无形贸易收支，但在1981-1983年期间的有形贸易顺差的大小和旅游赢利的显著增长表明了经常项目在过去几年里有盈余。
6.Goods are produced according to a sample provided by the customer，while strong encouragement is given to compensation trade whereby a foreign seller supplies raw materials and equipment and receives manufactured goods, produced by the equipment provided，in return.Compensation trade differs from barter or counter-trade insofar as there is a direct link between the equipment supplied from abroad and the manufactured product.Assembly manufacturing began in 1978 and particular forms of foreign trade are eligible for exemption from customs duties and taxation.根据顾客提供的样品来生产产品，同时强烈鼓励补偿贸易。由此国外的供应商提供原材料和设备并收到由其提供的设备生产出来的制成品作为回报。补偿贸易在某种程度上不同于易货贸易和反向贸易，在国外提供的设备和制成品中有直接的联系。来件组装始于1978年，特殊的对外贸易形式有资格免除关税和其他税收。
7.The debt problems confronting a number of developing countries have reinforced China’s determination to introduce foreign technology by means of direct investment and concessionary finance rather than by raising substantial sums of money on the international capital markets.The authorities do not consider it appropriate to incur large amounts of external debt until a number of practical bottlenecks in the economy, such as an inadequate transport network and energy constraints, have been tackled.许多发展中国家面对的债务问题使中国在引进外国技术时下了这样的决心：采用直接投资和优惠付款方式融资，而不是在国际资本市场筹集大额的资金。在经济中的许多实际瓶颈，如运输网络的不足和能源缺乏被克服以前，官方认为招来大笔外债的做法是不妥当的。
第二章
一、术语：
1.The special Economic Zone 经济特区
2.a well-placed source 一位高层消息灵通人士
3.infrastructure 基础设施
4.capital stock 实际资本
5.consumer goods 消费品
6.preferential tax rate 优惠税率
7.cooperative enterprise 合作(经营)企业
8.ETDZ(Economic &Technical Development Zone)经济技术开发区
9.entrepreneurship 企业家精神
10.means of production 生产资料
11.stock-taking 评估
12.Allocation of resources 资源配置
13.macroregulation and control 宏观调控
14.fiscal policies 财政政策
15.tight monetary policy 紧缩的货币政策
16.working capital 运营资本
17.basic policy 基本国策
18.technical transformation 技术革新
二、词语释义：
1.in piecemeal form: piece by piece;gradually 逐渐的 2.showpiece: a prime or outstanding example 典范
3.pipedream: fantasy;daydream;dream that cannot be realized 白日梦
4.from scratch: from the very beginning 从零开始，从最初开始
5.grassroots: basic level 基层
6.the dust settles: the confusion ends 尘埃落定
7.in the driver’s seat: in the dominant position
三、句子翻译：
1.A clearly confident China has rolled up a large section of its bamboo curtain, declared itself “open to the outside world” and hung signs on nearly all its cities inviting foreign investors to come and do serious business.明显地，满怀信心的中国卷起了大部分的竹幕，并宣布向外部世界开放，打出邀请外国投资者来它所有的城市投资项目的招牌。
2.The literally, this does not make more sense as the parts of the coast which have not been “opened” are simply not ready for the demands of foreign businessman.从字面上来理解，这没有太大的意义，由于部分沿海城市还没有为外商的需求做好准备。
3.In the SEZs, which are being built almost from scratch, foreigners can invest in anything which the state deems useful for the country, be it, for example, production of goods for export or construction of private-housing estates.在一切几乎从零开始的经济特区，只要中国政府认为对国家有益，外国人可对任何项目进行投资，例如出口货物的生产或私人住宅的房地产开发。
4.So, while comprehensive framework for the country“s modernization has been provided by the central committee”s 21 October 1984 decision to reform the economic structure, it will be some time before the dust settles and local authorities and foreign investors can deal with one another in a systematic way.6
因此，虽然中央委员会1984年10月21日的改革经济结构的决定为该国的现代化提供了一个综合的框架，但要等尘埃落定、要等地方政府与外国投资者能有条不紊的打交道却还需要一段时间。
5.Stock-taking of the open policy will come later this year when the National People’s Congress discusses the seventh five-year plan, which will run to the end of the decade.评估开放政策将在这年迟一些到来，在全国人民代表大会讨论第七个五年计划，到10年末将进行。第三章
一、术语：
1.economic heavyweight 举足轻重的经济强国
2.commercial hub 商业活动中心
3.Per capita 人均
4.Gross National Product 国民生产总值
5.punitive import tariff 惩罚性进口关税
6.securities 有价证券
7.real estate market 房地产市场
8.“ Greater China”trade bloc “大中华”贸易集团
9.conglomerate 跨行业公司
10.consortium 国际财团
11.GATT:General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 关贸总协定
二、词语释义：
1.jockey: move 7
2.is bustling with: is filled with
3.giddy: dizzy;euphoric
4.farfetched: improbable;incredible
5.clear: earn a net profit
6.deal a hard blow t strike heavily
7.rung: level
8.retaliation: return of ill treatment for ill treatment;revenge;reprisal
9.career out of control: run out of control
三、句子翻译：
1.A farfetched prediction? The new American administration doesn’t think so.Bill Clinton has appointed China hands to top Asia posts at the state and Treasury departments.When critics called the appointments a slight to Japan, the leading Pacific economic power, U.S.Deputy Treasury Secretary Roger Altman explained the administration’s reasoning: by early in the next century, he said ,China may replace Japan in importance to the U.S.as an economic partner.Japan recognizes the rise of China.As a warning shot in an intensifying rivalry, Tokyo last week put punitive import tariffs on Chinese steel.一个牵强的预测吗？新美国行政机构不这样俯为，克林顿已被委任中国国务院和财政部在亚洲的要职，评论家称这个委任冷落了日本。最大的太平经济力量，美国的代表-财政部长罗格·奥得曼解释行政机构的理由：他说：“在下个世纪初，中国可以会取代日本作为美国经济伙伴的重要地位。”日本承认中国的崛起，上周日本作为在日益激烈竞争中的一次鸣枪警示给中国的钢以惩罚性的进口关税。
2.With the U.S.Congress due to consider the renewal of China“s most-favored nation trade status in June, officials in Beijing fear the trade imbalance could surpass human rights as a source of U.S.opposition to preferred status for China.8 “The trade surplus itself will be the NO.1 problem this year.” Says one Chinese official.“After Japan, we’ll be first in line for relation.”
美国议会由于考虑在六月延长中国最惠国待遇，北京的官员担心贸易不平衡可能超越人权问题而作为反对优惠待遇的借口。中国的一位官员说：“贸易顺差将会成为今年首要问题。”继日本之后，我们会成为第一个被报复的国家。
3.However, even as the party promotes growth as a national priority, it worries about going too far.Inflation has recently climbed back into double digits, and the party press is issuing strident warnings, urging restraint on buyers and sellers alike.Rapid development is overwhelming China’s antique transport networks.然而，正当党把促进增长作为一个国家优先的问题时，它又担心增长的太快。通货膨胀已在近期又回到了两位数，党政刊物发出刺耳的警告，力劝买卖方都要克制。
第四章
一、术语：
1.centrally-planned economy 中央计划经济
2.market economy 市场经济
3.disinflationary(anti-inflationary)policies 反通货膨胀政策
4.deflation 通货紧缩
5.short-term dollar interest rates 短期美元利率
6.commodity market 商品市场
7.nominal(dollar)terms 名义(美元)价
8.constant(dollar)terms 不变(美元)价9.business cycle 商业周期
10.weighted average 加权平均数
11.hard currencies 硬通货
12.fiscal adjustment 财政调整
13.portfolio investment 有价证券投资
14.market diversification 市场多元化
15.tight credit policy 紧缩的信贷政策16.exchange-rate devaluation 汇率贬值
17.accommodative monetary policy 融通性货币政策
18.yield curve 收益曲线
19.per capita GDP 人均国内生产总值
20.GATT: General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 关贸总协定
21.EMS: European Monetary System 欧洲货币体系
22.GDP deflator 消除国内生产总值通货膨胀因素指数(GDP平减指数)
23.CMEA(Comecon): Council for Mutual Economic Assistance 经互会
24.LIBOR: London Inter-Bank Offered Rate 伦敦同业银行优惠利率
22.per capita income 人均收入
23.multilateral trade agreements 多边贸易协定
24.Portfolio investment 证券投资
25.cyclical deceleration in investment spending 生产总值通货膨胀因素指数
26.the population-weighted growth rate 人口加权增长率
二、词语释义：
1.in a row: in succession
2.easing: slowing down;decrease
3.momentum: force of movement
4.underlying: being at the basis of
5.slackening: slowing of speed
6.compound: worsen
7.moderate inflation: ease inflation
8.robust: strong and healthy
9.setbacks: frustrations
10.slump: depression
11.edge down: move slowly down
12.depreciation: devaluation
13.spike: abrupt increase
14.pick-up: recovery
15.rein in: control
16.bottoming-out: reaching the lowest point before rising again(止跌回升)
17.stagnat: stop;almost
三、句子翻译：
1.International conditions for growth in developing countries deteriorated in 1991.The Seven major industrial countries(the G-7)experienced a significant slowdown in GDP growth-from 2.8 percent in 1990 to 1.9 percent during 1991 as recession gripped Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States and growth rates slowed in Continental Europe and Japan.In important respects.The slowdown was different from those that occurred during the 1970s and 1980s.Rather than reflecting the effect of disinflationary policies, weakness in demand was more closely related to the loss of momentum that had built up during the long period of expansion that began in 1983.In addition, a common factor underlying the slowdown in many industrial countries was the cyclical deceleration in investment spending.1991年，在发展中国家增长恶化的国际情形下，七个主要工业国的国内生产总值经历了一个急剧的下滑，从1990年的2.8%下降到1991年的1.9%，像加拿大、美国、英国陷入了萧条，欧洲大陆和日本增长率减缓。这个减速与发生在20世纪70年代和80年代的不同。并不是反通货膨胀政策的结果，需求的疲软大多与发展势头的丧失紧密相关，这个势头开始于1983年，在长期扩充中已经形成。此外，在许多工业国减速的一个普遍的根本因素是投资开支的周期性。
2.Although the weakness in demand in the United States led to a sharp decline in short-term dollar interest rates—a positive development for many developing countries—it also contributed to a drop of over 6 percent in nominal commodity prices and to a slackening, to 3 percent, in the growth of world trade.These trends were compounded by worsening economic conditions in the soviet Union and its successor states, where a growing shortage of foreign exchange led to a compression of import from Eastern Europe and an acceleration of certain commodity exports to earn hard currencies.尽管美国疲软的需求导致了短期美元利率急剧地下跌，但对于发展中国家的发展是积极的，它也导致了名义产品价格约6%的下跌，世界贸易增长下跌了3%。苏联和它的后继国经济情形的恶化加剧了这一趋势，外汇短缺的增长导致了从东欧进口的压缩，加速了某些产品的出口，获得了硬通货。
3.Financial stress brought on by excessive debt in the household and corporate sectors was an example of another kind of structural problem, in particular for the economies of Japan and the United States.Financial institutions in these two countries adopted more conservative lending policies, curtailing financing of higher-risk projects such as commercial construction and highly leveraged corporate transaction.A number of weaker institutions were also consolicated through bankruptcy, merger and reorganization.12
过多债务的财政压力招致了家族和公司部门是另外一种结构问题的例子，尤其是日本和美国的经济。这两个国家在财政制度上采取了比较保守的借贷政策，削减了对商业建筑这类高风险的财政项目和对公司依靠大量借贷进行交易的融资。大多数疲软的机构也通过破产，合并和重组来联合。
4.The major risk facing this highly trade-oriented region is the potential for sluggishness or disruption in world-trade flows.Economic weakness in some of the region’s traditional export markets has underlined the importance of market diversification, including a further strengthening of ties within the region.Increasingly buoyant intraregional trade in East Asia may be viewed as evidence of an ongoing process of “market-oriented” regional integration, a development that could partially offset lackluster progress in the area of multilateral trade agreements.这个高度以贸易为导向的地区面对的风险主要是潜在的世界贸易流中的萧条或混乱。一些地区传统出口市场的经济萎靡已强调了市场多样化的重要性。包括进一步加强地区内的联系。
日益活跃的东亚内贸易可被视为一个“市场导向”地区一体化的见证，这一点可弥补多边贸易协定领域毫无生气的进展局面。第五章
一、术语：
trade representative 贸易谈判代表
government procurement 政府采购
NAFTA(North America Free Trade Agreements)北美自由贸易协定
trade sanctions 贸易制裁
trade hawks 贸易中主张强硬路线的鹰派人物
二、词语释义：
1.tough: uncompromising(不妥协的，强硬的)
2.discrimination: unfair treatment
3.sanctions: penalty
4.escalate: develop;intensify
5.frictions: conflicts
6.procurement: purchase
7.be bullied into doing: be forced to do
8.is awake t is conscious of
9.amenable to responsive to
10.a ragged start: a poor start
11.intolerable: unbearable
12.retaliate: revenge;reprisal
13.impose: exert;influence
14s.drawn-out: prolonged and boring
15.shock: impact
16.prompting: provoking
17.tactical: skillful
18.underpinning: foundation
19.peeved: annoyed
20.embrace: acceptance
三、句子翻译：
1.WASHINGTON-The Clinton administration is drawing the first lines of a tougher U.S.policy on trade, signaling to Europe and Japan that it will demand fairer treatment for American exports and is prepared to see relationships with U.S.trading partners get worse before they get better.华盛顿消息：克林顿政府正采取更加强硬的美国贸易政策，向欧洲和日本发出信号要求对美国的出口品提供一个更为公正的待遇，并已做好准备迎接将在与贸易伙伴关系改善之前出现的关系恶化。
2.The strongest signal came last week, when Mickey Kanter, the U.S.trade representative, moved quickly to cite the 12-nation European Community for “intolerable” discrimination against U.S.companies seeking government contracts within the community.The administration will begin retaliating in six weeks if EC policies remain unchanged.最强的信号来自于上周，美国贸易代表米奇·凯特引用欧共体的话指出，12国欧共体谋求共同体内部的政府间合同是对美国公司的“令人无法忍受的”歧视。凯特先生说，如果欧共体一意孤行，美国政府将于六周后开始报复。
3.Administration officials see little risk that this more aggressive policy could escalate into a full-fledged trade war that would shock the world”s fragile economies.Thus, the administration will not be deterred by complaints that it has moved to “protectionism.”
对于这种更加大胆的政策会升级为震动世界脆弱经济的全面贸易战争，政府官员认为这种危险的可能性很小，因此虽有人抱怨美国已趋向“贸易保护主义”，政府不会受其阻碍。
4.In some ways, Mr.Clinton and his advisers are following the same well-trod path as the Bush administration, which threatened sanctions against the Community last year and walked away from GATT negotiations rather than sign an agreement that would provide only small gains for U.S.companies.从某种程度上，克林顿先生和他的顾问们正在走一条人们熟悉的与布什政府相同的路。布什政府去年曾威胁对欧共体实行制裁，并退出了关贸总协定的谈判，没有答署只会给美国公司带来小量收益的协定。
第六章
一、术语：
the single market 统一大市场 Maastricht Treaty 马斯特里赫特条约
barrier-free market 无壁垒市场 free-trade zone 自由贸易区
referendum 公民复决投票 merger 兼并
budget cuts 预算削减 political and economic integration 政治经济一体化
deregulation 放松管制 privatization 私有化
二、词语释义：
big bang: strong and powerful effect;impact(不同凡响的效果)
sour: worsen backlash: a strong adverse reaction
be bursting to: be eager to(迫不及待地 „)skid: slide;fall
gush about: talk about with excessive enthusiasm(滔滔不绝地谈论)
translate into: transform into hang over: impend over;threaten
三、句子翻译：
1.Yet in its current dour mood, Europe risks almost overlooking the revolutionary step forward it has taken in creating the world“s largest and wealthiest barrier-free market — and on a continent where, for centuries, economic battles have led to some of history”s bloodiest wars.But perhaps the major reason is the dark economic clouds now hanging over Europe.One of the central justifications for the single market was its ability to create greater prosperity, but it is making its debut just as Europe traverses one of its roughest economic storms in years.然而在目前抑郁的情绪中，欧洲几乎冒险忽视了那种前进的革命性步伐，它曾以那种步伐创立了世界上最大的、最富有的自由市场——在一个大洲，那里几个世纪以来经 济上的争斗已经导致了一些历史上最血腥的战争。另外，一些观察家说，如果无法通过推进欧洲一体化来加强大市场，那将导致破坏内部市场计划已经取得的成就。
2.The single market is central to the community“s progress, but it is by no means certain that it could stand alone, says one senior EC official here, ”if the political will to continue moving forward fails, we can anticipate more strains in the marriage contract that ultimately would strike at what we“ve accomplished.”
“大市场是共同体进步的中心，但是决不能肯定它能独立存在”，一位欧共体高级官员在这里说，“如果继续前进的政治意愿没有了，我们能预见到联姻协议中会出现更多的紧张因素，它们最终会打击我们已经取得的成绩。”
第三篇：外贸相关知识
外贸相关知识
1.企业如何办理进出口资质，需要哪些资料
首先要到商务局办理对外贸易经营者备案登记，后续还需涉及到工商、税务、海关、出入境检验检疫局、电子口岸、外汇管理局等大约七个部门。
需要准备营业执照复印件、组织机构代码证复印件、国地税正副本复印件、法定代表人身份证复印件、银行开户核准通知书复印件、财务人员身份证复印件、企业章程复印件等资料。
1、进出口权申请要领哪几个证件
大约要申领五个证件。对外贸易经营者备案登记表、检验检疫证书、自理报关海关注册证书、电子口岸身份识别卡和电子口岸IC卡等。
2、如果货物被查验，基本流程是什么样
若遇查验。首先在出口科的查验登记本上登记，然后制作关封，把关封送往箱子所在的码头的监管科查验。
查验过程大致为：查验接单—移箱—开箱查验—写查验报告—报关员签字—武警签字—科长签字—返单。
3、出口合同履行的一般程序
① 申请领取出口许可证（外经贸机构批准）② 申请原产地证书（贸促会批准）
③ 接受法定检验或委托鉴定，取得检验报告或鉴定证书（商检提供）④ 催证、审证、改证
⑤ 制作各类单据（如汇票、发票等）⑥ 办理托运手续 ⑦ 投保
⑧ 报关；交纳关税 ⑨ 装运；换取提单 ⑩ 缮制单据
缮制单据后提交至银行，接下来就是： 审单复单→ 结汇→ 退税→ 合同归档
4、出口报关基本流程
1.根据海关相关规定，缮制全套出口单证并校对无误后，向海关审单中心发送电子信息。
2.电子审单通过，打印正式的纸质报关单。
3.整理全套报关单证，按照报关单-委托书-发票-装箱单-三联单-核销单-出口明联报关单-打印申请单的顺序订好单证 4.报关单上签字，盖上报关行的章。
5.根据船名航次的不同，将报关单放入报关袋，相同船名航次的报关单放入同一个报关袋.6.电脑派单：海关关员收单后由电脑派单。7.电脑显示该单派在几号窗，单证就要交到几号窗。
8.在海关的终端上查询是否放行，若放行了就可以到原派单窗口取单。
9.若单子迟迟未放行，极有可能是单证有问题，被海关卡着，那要及
时去窗口问
10.正常放行的单证，从单证中取回三联单和核销单，检查三联单上的箱号上是否盖有“放行章”，核销单上是否盖有“验讫章”，其余单证放回报关袋，交回海关留底。
11.之后单证会流转至单证科，正常的单证就会打印结汇和退税报关单，到4楼专门取报关单的地方，找出自己的单证，签收后，该单就完全结关。
5、货物出口保险费计算方法
保险金额=货物价值X投保加成(110%-130%)
保险费=货物价值X投保加成(110%-130%)X保险费率
6、除阿里巴巴外还有什么B2B、B2C平台可以选择，价钱如何
慧聪、天地全球通等
第四篇：经贸局外贸和口岸工作总结
经贸局外贸和口岸工作总结
过去一年，面对严峻复杂的国内外经济形势，在市委、市政府的正确领导下，全市外经贸和口岸系统干部职工迎难而上，共同拼搏，奋力推动外经贸稳定发展，加快转型升级，取得了一定成绩。
一、基本情况
（一）对外贸易稳中有进
全市进出口总额在连续三年创历史新高的基础上，再创历史最好水平。今年，全市进出口贸易总额197.34亿美元，与20**年同期相比（下同）增长5.13%，其中，出口140亿美元，增长7.94%；进口57.34亿美元，下降1.16%。
对外贸易的方式结构、主体结构、商品结构和市场结构进一步优化。全市一般贸易出口增速（11.20%）加快，分别高于加工贸易（3.70%）和全市出口增速（7.94%）7.50和3.26个百分点；民营企业出口提速（11.81%），增速高于三资企业（5.80%）6.01个百分点；高新技术产品出口占全市出口比重（8.48%）扩大，创近三年来新高；对东盟、尼日利亚、南非、土耳其等新兴市场出口增速分别达25.19%、43.83%、31.45%和71.92%，高于对欧美传统市场出口增速。
（二）利用外资质量提高
全市新批合同外资金额12.18亿美元，下降10.78%；实际吸收外资金额9.23亿美元，增长6.11%。吸引世界500强投资取得新突破，台山核电合营有限公司、中远（江门）铝业有限公司、广东威立雅拆船有限公司和开平华润燃气有限公司等4个世界500强投资企业增资扩产，涉及合同外资约2亿美元。来自欧美发达地区的实际吸收外资金额约1.9亿美元，占全市实际吸收外资比重从上年的9.77%大幅提高到20.56%，提高了10.79个百分点。
（三）转型升级步伐加快
我市委托设计和自主品牌混合生产出口比重达60.7%，高出全年目标值（60%）0.7个百分点；设立外商投资加工贸易企业研发机构3个，加工贸易企业创建品牌数4个，较上年分别增加1个和1家。服务外包离岸合同额1507万美元，增长45.67%。离岸执行金额840万美元，增长62.2%。服务贸易进出口金额286241.66万美元，增长25%。
（四）口岸通关安全畅通
口岸基础设施建设不断完善,文明口岸建设持续推进，通关服务水平进一步提高。全年进出境旅客12.81万人次，增长10.7%。进出口货物985.2万吨，下降7.2%，其中，进口货物637万吨，下降14.2%；出口货物348.2万吨，增长8.8%。
二、主要工作
（一）加大督办力度，提高服务质量
年初，市委、市政府召开全市外经贸工作会议，市主要领导和各市、区政府签订《今年XX市外经贸主要任务目标责任书》，落实外经贸工作目标责任制。各市、区政府也将目标任务分解到各镇（街）和工业园区，形成主要领导亲自抓，一级抓一级，层层抓落实的工作格局。健全外经贸工作通报制度，每月通报各市、区外经贸目标任务完成进度及排名，提高工作积极性和紧迫感，营造你追我赶，创先争优的工作氛围。建立“单月督查外资、双月督查外贸”的外经贸工作督办制度，以督办会议为平台，督促进度，分享经验，交流信息、协商对策，加快外经贸任务和重点项目的推进进度。
切实做好对企业的服务工作，营造良好经营环境。建立重点进出口企业跟踪联系制度，由市领导牵头，各市、区主要领导具体负责，对全市51家有代表性的重点进出口企业进行跟踪、监测和帮扶，促进企业扩大进出口业务。例如，广东泰宝聚合物有限公司、亚太纸业（广东）有限公司和广东海信多媒体有限公司等三家企业今年合计出口6.25亿美元，增长3.60倍，拉动全市出口增长4.88个百分点。市外经贸局坚持每月定期联合海关、国税、检验检疫、外汇等部门举办“外经贸信息发布会”，到市、区举办外经贸政策巡回宣讲会，搭建企业手机短信服务平台，每周两次向广大外经贸企业发送外经贸政策信息、重点产业行业信息和国际贸易摩擦预警信息，帮助企业用足、用好外经贸扶持政策和把握好市场走势。组织企业积极应对反倾销、反补贴等国外贸易摩擦案件，协助企业申请进出口公平贸易专项资金，提高应对国际贸易摩擦的能力。江门海关出台支持重点企业、重点项目和重点行业发展的18条措施，实施“水运转关”、分类通关等业务改革，提高通关效率。市国税局进一步优化退税服务，加快出口退税进度。江门出入境检验检疫局落实国家减免检验检疫收费政策，推动出口免验、出口质量安全示范区建设，“XX市出口摩托车质量安全示范区”列入省级示范区，成为广东省首批出口产品质量安全示范区，促进摩托车产业转型升级。江门外汇局加强货币信贷支持力度，提升银行外汇服务水平，大力推广跨境人民币计价结算，帮助企业抵御汇率风险。各市、区强化对外经贸企业的服务工作，如加强调研服务，积极向有关部门反映企业诉求；协助企业申报各级外贸扶持资金，减轻企业经营负担；主动上门服务，引导异地出口货源回流本地出口；提高审批效率，缩短审批时间等，为企业创造更好的营商环境。
（二）创新外贸推广，稳定外贸增长
积极帮助企业抢接出口订单。抓好广交会参展工作，组织我市企业参加美国、欧盟、香港等传统市场，以及非洲、南美、东南亚、中东等新兴市场举办的展销会、展览会30多场。拓展外贸推广渠道，在加强与香港贸发局合作开展展览、杂志、网站、移动媒体“四合一”外贸推广模式的基础上，联合“广贸天下”、“中国诚商网”等电子商务平台，制定适合我市企业的推广方案，利用第三方电子商务平台帮扶企业开拓国内外市场。市外经贸局联合江门国际商会、XX市人力资源管理协会举办“今年外贸营销高级班”，帮助我市外经贸企业提高外贸营销技能；联合国际商会举办“开拓新兴市场（俄罗斯专场）推介会”，帮助我市企业开拓新兴市场。
（三）加快外贸转型升级，提高出口竞争力
推进产业基地品牌建设，引导优势产品集群发展。开平水暖卫浴基地被认定为第三批国家级外贸转型升级基地，我市与中国机电产品进出口商会加强合作，共建“中国家电出口基地”。XX区五金不锈钢制品基地、XX市印刷产业基地、XX市恩城麦克风基地成功列入第二批省级外贸转型升级基地。开展综合型示范基地的申报前期调研工作，对我市经省级以上政府或部门批准设立的经济园区的发展情况进行调查摸底。做好摩托车、水暖卫浴、家居用品、箱包皮具、麦克风等五大“江门出口基地”品牌宣传，组织企业抱团参加米兰摩托车、芝加哥家居用品等知名专业展会，并统一使用“jiangmen-made”为核心的五大产业出口品牌logo，着力打造区域出口知名品牌，提升出口竞争力。积极推动外贸新业态发展，组织我市龙头出口企业到深圳一达通公司参观学习，邀请香港利丰集团到我市作专题讲座，提升我市外贸企业供应链管理水平。
引导企业加强自主创新。市外经贸局联合XX市出口产品创意设计协会举办“卡通化品牌塑造与创新文化营销”专题讲座、XX市第二届“五邑杯”创新工业设计大赛，组织企业参加广交会首届cf设计大赛（我市有10件作品进入了初评，1件作品获得三等奖）、组织品牌培训及创意设计对接活动，组织企业赴香港生产力促进中心、顺德工业设计城进行交流，引导企业依托工业设计做大做强，推动我市外向型经济由“制造型经济”向“创意型经济”转型升级。
发挥商品展销会、电子商务平台作用，鼓励外向型企业开拓国内市场。举办第四届和第五届“珠中江进出口商品展销会”，帮助外经贸企业开拓内销市场。在展会设立“创意作品”展示区，展示我市“五邑杯”创新设计大赛的获奖作品；设立进口区，吸引韩国、马来西亚等国家的企业参展。鼓励外贸企业在天猫等第三方电子商务销售平台上线，建立线下一站式服务体系，以线上销售、线下体验的模式开拓国内市场。过去一年，面对严峻复杂的国内外经济形势，在市委、市政府的正确领导下，全市外经贸和口岸系统干部职工迎难而上，共同拼搏，奋力推动外经贸稳定发展，加快转型升级，取得了一定成绩。
一、基本情况
（一）对外贸易稳中有进
全市进出口总额在连续三年创历史新高的基础上，再创历史最好水平。今年，全市进出口贸易总额197.34亿美元，与20**年同期相比（下同）增长5.13%，其中，出口140亿美元，增长7.94%；进口57.34亿美元，下降1.16%。
对外贸易的方式结构、主体结构、商品结构和市场结构进一步优化。全市一般贸易出口增速（11.20%）加快，分别高于加工贸易（3.70%）和全市出口增速（7.94%）7.50和3.26个百分点；民营企业出口提速（11.81%），增速高于三资企业（5.80%）6.01个百分点；高新技术产品出口占全市出口比重（8.48%）扩大，创近三年来新高；对东盟、尼日利亚、南非、土耳其等新兴市场出口增速分别达25.19%、43.83%、31.45%和71.92%，高于对欧美传统市场出口增速。
（二）利用外资质量提高 全市新批合同外资金额12.18亿美元，下降10.78%；实际吸收外资金额9.23亿美元，增长6.11%。吸引世界500强投资取得新突破，台山核电合营有限公司、中远（江门）铝业有限公司、广东威立雅拆船有限公司和开平华润燃气有限公司等4个世界500强投资企业增资扩产，涉及合同外资约2亿美元。来自欧美发达地区的实际吸收外资金额约1.9亿美元，占全市实际吸收外资比重从上年的9.77%大幅提高到20.56%，提高了10.79个百分点。
（三）转型升级步伐加快
我市委托设计和自主品牌混合生产出口比重达60.7%，高出全年目标值（60%）0.7个百分点；设立外商投资加工贸易企业研发机构3个，加工贸易企业创建品牌数4个，较上年分别增加1个和1家。服务外包离岸合同额1507万美元，增长45.67%。离岸执行金额840万美元，增长62.2%。服务贸易进出口金额286241.66万美元，增长25%。
（四）口岸通关安全畅通
口岸基础设施建设不断完善,文明口岸建设持续推进，通关服务水平进一步提高。全年进出境旅客12.81万人次，增长10.7%。进出口货物985.2万吨，下降7.2%，其中，进口货物637万吨，下降14.2%；出口货物348.2万吨，增长8.8%。
二、主要工作
（一）加大督办力度，提高服务质量
年初，市委、市政府召开全市外经贸工作会议，市主要领导和各市、区政府签订《今年XX市外经贸主要任务目标责任书》，落实外经贸工作目标责任制。各市、区政府也将目标任务分解到各镇（街）和工业园区，形成主要领导亲自抓，一级抓一级，层层抓落实的工作格局。健全外经贸工作通报制度，每月通报各市、区外经贸目标任务完成进度及排名，提高工作积极性和紧迫感，营造你追我赶，创先争优的工作氛围。建立“单月督查外资、双月督查外贸”的外经贸工作督办制度，以督办会议为平台，督促进度，分享经验，交流信息、协商对策，加快外经贸任务和重点项目的推进进度。
切实做好对企业的服务工作，营造良好经营环境。建立重点进出口企业跟踪联系制度，由市领导牵头，各市、区主要领导具体负责，对全市51家有代表性的重点进出口企业进行跟踪、监测和帮扶，促进企业扩大进出口业务。例如，广东泰宝聚合物有限公司、亚太纸业（广东）有限公司和广东海信多媒体有限公司等三家企业今年合计出口6.25亿美元，增长3.60倍，拉动全市出口增长4.88个百分点。市外经贸局坚持每月定期联合海关、国税、检验检疫、外汇等部门举办“外经贸信息发布会”，到市、区举办外经贸政策巡回宣讲会，搭建企业手机短信服务平台，每周两次向广大外经贸企业发送外经贸政策信息、重点产业行业信息和国际贸易摩擦预警信息，帮助企业用足、用好外经贸扶持政策和把握好市场走势。组织企业积极应对反倾销、反补贴等国外贸易摩擦案件，协助企业申请进出口公平贸易专项资金，提高应对国际贸易摩擦的能力。江门海关出台支持重点企业、重点项目和重点行业发展的18条措施，实施“水运转关”、分类通关等业务改革，提高通关效率。市国税局进一步优化退税服务，加快出口退税进度。江门出入境检验检疫局落实国家减免检验检疫收费政策，推动出口免验、出口质量安全示范区建设，“XX市出口摩托车质量安全示范区”列入省级示范区，成为广东省首批出口产品质量安全示范区，促进摩托车产业转型升级。江门外汇局加强货币信贷支持力度，提升银行外汇服务水平，大力推广跨境人民币计价结算，帮助企业抵御汇率风险。各市、区强化对外经贸企业的服务工作，如加强调研服务，积极向有关部门反映企业诉求；协助企业申报各级外贸扶持资金，减轻企业经营负担；主动上门服务，引导异地出口货源回流本地出口；提高审批效率，缩短审批时间等，为企业创造更好的营商环境。
（二）创新外贸推广，稳定外贸增长
积极帮助企业抢接出口订单。抓好广交会参展工作，组织我市企业参加美国、欧盟、香港等传统市场，以及非洲、南美、东南亚、中东等新兴市场举办的展销会、展览会30多场。拓展外贸推广渠道，在加强与香港贸发局合作开展展览、杂志、网站、移动媒体“四合一”外贸推广模式的基础上，联合“广贸天下”、“中国诚商网”等电子商务平台，制定适合我市企业的推广方案，利用第三方电子商务平台帮扶企业开拓国内外市场。市外经贸局联合江门国际商会、XX市人力资源管理协会举办“今年外贸营销高级班”，帮助我市外经贸企业提高外贸营销技能；联合国际商会举办“开拓新兴市场（俄罗斯专场）推介会”，帮助我市企业开拓新兴市场。
（三）加快外贸转型升级，提高出口竞争力
推进产业基地品牌建设，引导优势产品集群发展。开平水暖卫浴基地被认定为第三批国家级外贸转型升级基地，我市与中国机电产品进出口商会加强合作，共建“中国家电出口基地”。XX区五金不锈钢制品基地、XX市印刷产业基地、XX市恩城麦克风基地成功列入第二批省级外贸转型升级基地。开展综合型示范基地的申报前期调研工作，对我市经省级以上政府或部门批准设立的经济园区的发展情况进行调查摸底。做好摩托车、水暖卫浴、家居用品、箱包皮具、麦克风等五大“江门出口基地”品牌宣传，组织企业抱团参加米兰摩托车、芝加哥家居用品等知名专业展会，并统一使用“jiangmen-made”为核心的五大产业出口品牌logo，着力打造区域出口知名品牌，提升出口竞争力。积极推动外贸新业态发展，组织我市龙头出口企业到深圳一达通公司参观学习，邀请香港利丰集团到我市作专题讲座，提升我市外贸企业供应链管理水平。
引导企业加强自主创新。市外经贸局联合XX市出口产品创意设计协会举办“卡通化品牌塑造与创新文化营销”专题讲座、XX市第二届“五邑杯”创新工业设计大赛，组织企业参加广交会首届cf设计大赛（我市有10件作品进入了初评，1件作品获得三等奖）、组织品牌培训及创意设计对接活动，组织企业赴香港生产力促进中心、顺德工业设计城进行交流，引导企业依托工业设计做大做强，推动我市外向型经济由“制造型经济”向“创意型经济”转型升级。
发挥商品展销会、电子商务平台作用，鼓励外向型企业开拓国内市场。举办第四届和第五届“珠中江进出口商品展销会”，帮助外经贸企业开拓内销市场。在展会设立“创意作品”展示区，展示我市“五邑杯”创新设计大赛的获奖作品；设立进口区，吸引韩国、马来西亚等国家的企业参展。鼓励外贸企业在天猫等第三方电子商务销售平台上线，建立线下一站式服务体系，以线上销售、线下体验的模式开拓国内市场。
（四）抓好重大项目招商，提升利用外资质量水平
狠抓产业招商，提高项目质量。按照“建大平台，招大项目”工作思路，以江门高新区，江沙工业园区，台山、开平、恩平产业转移园区等核心园区为依托，瞄准世界500强、央企、知名民企，以产业发展规划、环保准入条件、亩产税收效益、集约节约用地等为项目评估标准，积极开展产业招商，共有25个投资总额超千万美元项目成功落户。引导、鼓励和扶持重点企业盘活已有生产要素资源，通过企业并购，实现零土地增资扩产。重点跟进中远铝业（增资5.35亿元人民币）、卡夫食品增资扩产项目、滨江新区外资医院项目、中油碧辟公司跟踪服务、越秀城建房地产股权并购等重点项目，采取“一企一策”，落实专人跟进，加快项目落户进度。全年共审批增资扩产项目156个，涉及合同外资金额6.93亿美元，占全市新批合同外资总量的56.88%。
举办和参加大型招商活动，抓好招商成果转化。成功举办今年江门（上海）投资洽谈会，吸引总部在上海的世界500强企业以及长三角城市知名企业关注江门、选择江门、投资江门，是我市“走出家门”举办最大规模的一次招商活动。这次投资洽谈会邀请到央企、知名民企、跨国公司和世界500强公司代表，上海以及长三角本地实业家，境内外商会、协会代表，各国驻华贸易投资促进机构、外国驻上海领事馆的商务官员，中介招商机构、投资公司代表等近350位客商嘉宾参加，并公布38项招商优惠政策，推出全市87个招商项目，包括城市可经营项目28个，交通基础设施项目10个，旅游文化项目22个，先进制造业招商项目27个。活动共达成投资项目77项，总投资金额达157.68亿美元，其中13个项目在活动中进行现场签约，涉及投资金额110.22亿美元。抓好20**年招商推介会招商成果转化，将20**年XX市招商推介会的44个签约项目纳入市政府专项督办，加快推动在谈项目落户。积极参加粤港经贸洽谈会、第十八届澳门投资展览会、粤港澳联合推介大珠三角活动、沃尔玛投资项目（粤西）洽谈会等境内外招商活动，大力推介江门优良的投资环境。
创新招商方式，提高招商水平。与世界四大会计师事务所之一的德勤华永会计师事务所合作编制《广东省XX市投资环境研究报告》,并在今年江门（上海）投资洽谈会上正式发布，提高招商宣传推介的专业性和权威性。加强招商资源整合，建立招商平台。制定《招商资源整合方案》，建立招商资源整合长效机制。加强外经贸、经信、城建、交通、环保、文化、旅游、国土、国资等部门的协调联动，实现信息互通、资源共享、分工配合，共同推进招商引资工作的开展。打造全市网上招商平台，营造永不落幕的招商推介会，通过平台集中发布，集中推广，实现招商部门资源共享，投资者与招商项目快速对接，使江门的投资环境更加便捷、公平、高效和开放。建立招商资源统筹分配机制，通过全市招商平台对资金、土地、环保指标等各种要素以及产业布局、产业链打造等进行整合、安排和布局，增强招商集中效应。探索与机构合作招商新模式。与法国hd-tech公司确立招商合作关系，签订招商宣传推介服务协议，在法国设立江门招商联络处；与美国商会、德国工商大会、英中贸易协会、日本贸易振兴机构、意大利对外贸易委员会、广东省汽车协会、中投顾问、日本关西广东贸易投资公司、一汽集团驻广办、华南理工大学汽车工程研究所、XX市五邑商会等20多家商（协）会和机构建立友好联系，拓展招商网络。举办全市招商人员业务培训班，提高各级招商人员的业务水平。
（五）加强口岸综合协调管理，加快口岸基础设施建设
加大调研力度。市外经贸局组织开展了口岸综合发展、口岸资源整合优化、推进“三个一”通关业务改革，车检场、荷塘口岸专题以及“两废”进口业务开设等调研活动，认真研究解决影响我市口岸发展的重大问题。
加大协调工作力度，保障口岸日常运行安全快捷通畅。完善国华台电和宜大化工两个新开口岸码头的各项规章制度和管理，保障新开口岸有序运营。协调解决江门车检场运作不太正常，荷塘货运口岸经营困难等问题，帮助两口岸恢复正常运营。协调口岸部门做好“两废”进口工作对接，推动我市“两废”进口业务开展。
加强口岸基础设施建设。积极配合开展市区公共码头规划和建设，密切跟进新会天马港二期工程、开平口岸联检楼建设、恩平车检场搬迁等有关工作。以“三个一”通关业务改革为契机，推进电子口岸建设。积极协调江门海关和检验检疫部门，研究业务系统对接有关问题，推进电子口岸系统信息共享，逐步实现“三个一”通关改革。
推进文明和谐建设。健全市口岸工作协调领导小组季度联席会议制度，提高口岸部门之间、口岸部门和经营单位之间的协作水平，形成文明和谐、密切配合的工作氛围。举办篮球、足球赛比赛，增进口岸各单位的联谊，促进文明和谐口岸建设。
三、主要存在问题
（一）缺乏大项目进口支撑，进口持续下降
今年，我市对香港、澳大利亚和加拿大等传统出口市场出口分别下降1.36%、18.96%和1.21%。不锈钢家用器具、印刷品、集装箱和汽车零件出口分别下降4.17%、3.53%、18.40%和6.48%。台山核电、亚太纸业等大项目的设备进口接近尾声，如台山核电进口额比20**年减少了3.41亿美元，下降43.13%。废船进口出现下降，双水拆船的进口下降了51.16%，进口金额减少1.06亿美元。
（二）外商投资意欲下降，招商竞争力不强
世界经济复苏缓慢，部分新批、在建和增资项目的资金投入速度明显放缓。受到产业目录准入门槛限制和外汇管制等限制，部分招商项目不愿以外资形式进行投资。我市园区规划建设水平还比较低，污水处理、天然气、蒸汽等配套设施不够完善，加上用地指标、环保指标、人力资源等资源制约，一定程度上影响了我市的招商竞争力和实效。
（三）外贸企业经营环境偏紧，经营压力增大
人民币升值速度加快，企业出口利润空间进一步压缩，出口产品竞争力下降。劳动力成本上升、外汇管理收紧等，对部分外经贸企业的生产经营造成一定影响。
四、2014年外经贸工作思路
当前，世界经济复苏缓慢，外需不足仍未缓解，外经贸发展面临不确定因素较多。我们要以党的十八届三中全会精神为统领，认真贯彻落实市委、市政府的决策部署，增强信心，迎难而上，开拓创新，努力推动我市外经贸发展再上新台阶。2014年要着力抓好以下几项工作：
（一）加大督查督办力度，扎实推动外经贸工作开展
坚持实施外经贸督办会议制度，及时检查各市区外经贸目标任务落实情况，研究解决外经贸热点疑难问题。实行外经贸任务完成情况通报制度，每月对各市、区的外资、外贸任务完成情况及进度排名进行通报，以排名促争先，以压力逼动力，以督办逼落实。
（二）加快转型升级步伐，提高外贸规模效益
一是以服务推动出口。积极组织企业到美国、欧盟、香港等传统市场和俄罗斯、南非、印度、巴西等新兴市场进行贸易推广，帮助企业抢接出口订单，开拓国际市场。健全重点进出口企业联系机制，有针对性解决重点企业在生产经营和进出口各个环节中遇到的困难和问题，鼓励企业扩大进出口规模，有效发挥龙头带动作用。加强与海关、检验检疫、外汇、国税等部门的协调联动，进一步简化审批手续，推进“三个一”口岸通关模式改革，提高通关效率，加快出口退税进度，吸引异地出口货源“回流”本地出口。推广建立国际商务信息服务中心鹤山分站的成功经验，逐步在恩平、台山、开平三市建设国际商务信息服务分站，进一步完善贸易信息服务平台建设。
二是以创新拉动出口。联合XX市出口产品创意设计协会，打造创意设计与转型升级服务平台，集中展示外贸创意设计产品，举办产品设计与企业创新交流培训，组织举办第三届创意设计大赛，引导企业提高工业设计水平，提高产品附件值和出口竞争力。创新贸易方式，积极培育供应链管理型外贸龙头企业和我市外贸新业态企业，推动更多外贸企业向复合型业务方向拓展。发展跨境电子商务，引导企业灵活应对国际贸易发展新趋势。
三是以品牌扩大出口。擦亮出口基地品牌。加大力度宣传我市已批基地品牌，打造以“jiangmenmade”为核心的区域品牌形象。继续抓好外贸转型升级基地申报工作，打造更多具有国际竞争力的区域品牌。鼓励条件成熟企业建立自有品牌，积极实施“走出去”战略，摆脱处于价值链底层困境，提高产品定价议价能力，推动出口规模增长。
（三）狠抓大项目招商，提高利用外资质量
一是狠抓产业招商。坚持按照“建大平台，招大项目”的工作思路，瞄准世界500强、跨国公司，以及央企、上市公司及行业龙头企业，精心研究和策划，制定个性化方案，组织专项招商小分队招商，重点做好今年江门（上海）投资洽谈会投资项目的宣传推广和对接洽谈，确保招商取得实效。抓好今年江门（上海）投资洽谈会签约项目跟踪落实，加快履约进度，夯实合同外资和实际吸收外资增长基础。组织参加粤港交流会、香港国际中小企博览、澳门国际贸易投资展览会、东盟合作华商交流会、东莞加博会等活动，充分利用各类招商平台和招商渠道，积极做好招商引资和以商引商工作，扩大我市合同外资有效存量。二是狠抓企业增资扩产和项目入资。定期拜访投资超千万美元的重点企业和新成立的企业，特别是我市拟增资的重大项目，及时掌握企业的投资动向，量身定做个性化服务方案，引导和鼓励企业增资扩产、做大做强。加快中远铝业、中集项目的用地和厂房的落实，加强对胡春华省委书记出访欧洲期间洽谈的台山华美五金增资项目的督办工作，重点跟踪落实滨江医院、中油bp配送中心项目，越秀房地产外资并购项目。
三是加快招商平台建设，完善招商资源整合机制。加快全市性网络招商公共平台建设，及早推广至发改、经信、城建、交通、环保、文化、旅游等市直各有关部门和各市、区外经贸主管部门使用，实现招商资源网络共享。继续细化招商资源整合机制，实现全市招商一盘棋，统筹全市招商资源，各有关部门和各市区外经贸主管部门通力合作，相互配合，共同做好我市招商引资工作。
（四）加快口岸建设，提高通关便利化水平
一是加快推进市区公共码头规划和建设，尽快落实新会天马港二期工程、开平口岸联检楼建设、恩平车检场搬迁等口岸基础实施建设，提升我市口岸主力港口规模档次和吞吐能力。二是加强协调联动，推动海关和检验检疫部门合作实行一次申报、一次查验、一次放行的“三个一”通关联检业务改革，实现江门电子口岸建设新突破，为我市进出口企业提供便利服务。三是抓好口岸综合协调管理，确保口岸安全便捷畅通。积极开展共建文明口岸活动，不断推进文明和谐口岸建设。
第五篇：全国2014年4月高等教育自学考试外刊经贸知识选读试题
绝密 ★ 考试结束前
全国2014年4月高等教育自学考试
外刊经贸知识选读试题
课程代码：00096
请考生按规定用笔将所有试题的答案涂、写在答题纸上。
选择题部分
注意事项：
1.答题前，考生务必将自己的考试课程名称、姓名、准考证号用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔填写在答题纸规定的位置上。
2.每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题纸上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。不能答在试题卷上。
一、Choose one answer that best explains the underlined part of the following sentences.（本大题共15小题，每小题2分，共30分）
A.new
C.strong B.weak D.major
A.powerful
C.able B.forever D.legal
A.sheet
C.same B.full D.favorable
A.important
C.active B.powerful D.special
A.developed
C.unusual B.new D.lifeless
A.service
C.technology B.commodity D.tradeof Mr.Kantor’s decision were plainly found in Mr.Klinton’s trade speech.A.contents
C.basement B.support D.advantage
A.final performance
C.first appearance B.best showD.previous idea
9.China’s average WTO.A.tax
C.output B.target D.salary
A.power
C.influence B.strength D.advantage
A.prosperity B.improvement C.dissatisfaction D.declineTT talks.A.pushed
C.troubled B.supported D.settled
A.subject
C.certificate B.ownership D.sample
A.increase
C.make easy B.cause inconvenienceD.trouble
A.prosperity
C.progressive B.stagnation D.unstable
非选择题部分
注意事项：
用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔将答案写在答题纸上，不能答在试题卷上。
二、Put the following phases into English（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分）
16.国际收支
17.证券及房地产市场
18.反通货膨胀政策
19.贸易顺差
20.推销商品
21.双重税
22.对等贸易
23.贴现率
24.自由贸易区
25.国际清算银行
三、Put the following phases into Chinese（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分）
26.franchise
27.managed trade
28.joint venture
29.the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
30.manufactured goods
31.registered capital
32.stock exchange
33.government procurement
34.infrastructure
35.insolvency
四、Read the following passages and answer the questions in English（本大题共6小题，每小题3分，共18分）
Passage 1
China’s cautious approach to foreign borrowing is to be maintained, at least for the time being.The debt problems confronting a number of developing countries have reinforced China’s determination to introduce foreign technology by means of direct investment and concessionary finance rather than by raising substantial sums of money on the international capital markets.Foreign investment is advantageous insofar as it facilitates the transfer of technology and skills and avoids creating an overhang of debt.The authorities do not consider it appropriate to incur large amounts of external debt until a number of practical bottlenecks in the economy, such as an inadequate transport network and energy constraints, have been tackle D.China’s access to substantial sums of money from the World Bank also reduces the need to borrow on commercial terms.36.Why did China refuse to borrow more until her transport capacity and energy supply have further increased?
37.What does “borrow on commercial terms” imply here?
38.Why does China prefer loans from the World Bank?
Passage 2
Major investment is going into the Dubai-based Emirates airline, which added four new destinations last summer—Rome, Zurich, Paris and Jakarta—and on 14 April started operations to Dhahran, its 31stemploys almost 3,500 staff, making it one of Dubai’s largest employers.Soon, $2,000 million in financing will have to be arranged for the next phase of development, which will cover deliveries from 1996 to 2000.Firm orders have been placed for seven Boeing 777s with Rolls Royce engines and there is an option on a further seven.39.What is meant by “Dubai-based”?
40.What does the underlined word “Emirates” stand for here?
41.What does “which” represent in the second paragraph?
五、Read the following passages and decide whether the statements are true or false（本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分）
Passage 1
By 1991 the level of foreign indebtedness has drastically altered the role that many developing countries play in the world trading system.Imports had been severely cut back and there was evidence of a scramble to export additional products, such as timber(木材), at heavy cost to the environment.Debt had emerged as the biggest single obstacle to development, with about 50 developing countries carrying a severe debt burden, over half of them in Africa.At the end of 1990, developing countries owed $1,280 billion to Western countries, international aid agencies, the IMF, and banks.Their yearly earnings from international trade were under $1,000 billion;the overall debt of developing countries was therefore more than the value of their exports.To service that debt—to pay interest and repay part of the capital—cost developing countries $143.5 billion in 1990.They received $85 billion in aid and investment from abroad, thus paying richer countries nearly $60 billion more than they receive D.New aids and investment was wiped out by past debt.In 1991, according to OCED figures, the severely indebted low-income countries paid a higher proportion of their export revenue on debt service than at any time during the 1980s—31.3% of such revenues, compared with 23.8% in the 1980s.42.Developing countries export timber in order to pay the debt.43.In some developing countries half of the export revenue is used to service the debt.44.Debt problems are especially severe in Africa.45.Heavy debt burden has greatly blocked economy growth of the developing countries.46.The passage mainly tells about the ways to help developing countries repay their debts without affecting their economy.Passage 2
America’s trade deficit has rocketed to a record high, provoking squeals from companies and politicians alike.There is even talk among officials of reviving the unilateral battering ram(杀手锏)known as “Super 301”, the cause of much trade friction in the past.Since protectionism is on the up even in an American boom, the rest of the world could be in for a mauling(伤害)when that economy eventually slows.Other countries are also becoming more protectionist.Following the American lead, European and Canadian steel makers have launched a barrage of “anti-dumping” cases against imports they deem too cheap.Anti-dumping suits are also proliferating in Asia and Latin America.Brazil, Russia and China have all recently tightened their import controls.What can be done to limit the damage? For a start, rather than undermining the WTO, America and Europe should collaborate to improve its working.They should also keep their markets open to imports.Do not look on this as an act of charity.True, trade world help drag Asia and Latin America out of dumps, but the biggest beneficiaries would be American and European consumers—and, loath(勉强的)though the unions are to believe it, jobs on both continents，To argue this takes political backbone, which has been lacking in America and Europe of late.All the more reason for America and Europe to support a new round of trade-liberalization talks at the WTO.47.America’s deficit has been controlled to a record low.48.Protectionist has been increasing not only in the United States but also in other countries.49.Freer trade requires both political and business support.50.According to the author, the biggest beneficiaries would be consumers in the United States.51.America usually adopts protectionism only when its economy slows.六、Translate the following passage into Chinese（本大题12分）
52.In matters relating to the environment, the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, held in June 1992 in Rio de Janeiro, produced an “Earth Charter,” or declaration of basic principles for the conduct of nations and peoples with respect to environment and development;agreements on special legal measures, including conventions on climate change and biodiversity, and principles for a framework agreement on forests;and an agenda for action, establishing the environmental work program agreed by the international community for the period beyond 1992 and into the 21th century.
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