直接引语变间接引语语法讲解及专项练习(含答案)

第一篇：直接引语变间接引语语法讲解及专项练习(含答案)

直接引语变间接引语语法讲解

（内部资料，仅供参考）

一.直接引语和间接引语的定义

直接引语是直接引述别人的原话，原话有引号，被引用或复述的部分被称为直接引语。

用自己的话转述别人的话，被转述的部分被称为间接引语。间接引语通常在句中以宾语从句的形式出现。二.直接引语变为间接引语的方法（1）人称

人称变化可以遵循如下顺口溜“一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新”。

“一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化，如：

She said.“My brother wants to go with me.”→She said her brother wanted to go with her.“二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称，或被第二人“你”所修饰，从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语，也可以用第一人称，如：He said to Kate，“How is your sister now?”→He asked Kate how her sister was then.“第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的人称一般不需要变化，如：

Mr.Smith said，“Jack is a good worker.”→Mr.Smith said Jack was a good worker.（2）时态

直接引语在改为间接引语时，时态需要做相应的调整。也就是说从句时态要和主句时态一致。如果从句是过去时，主句要向后退一个时态，变成一般过去时。

1.She said.“I have lost a pen.” →She said she had lost a pen.（现在完成 —— 过去完成）

2.She said.“We hope so.” →She said they hoped so.(一般现在 — 一般过去)

3.She said,“He will go to see his friend。”

→She said he would go to see his friend.(一般将来 → 过去将来)

但要注意在以下几种情况下。在直接引语变为间接引语时，时态一般不变化。①直接引语是客观真理。如：

“The earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth”, theteacher told me.→ The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around theearth。②直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。如：

Jack said, “John, where were you going when I met you in the street?”

→Jack asked John where he was going when he met him in the street.③直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。如： Xiao Wang said，“I was born on April 20, 1980.”

→Xiao Wang said he was born on April 20, 1980.④直接引语如果是一般现在时。表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作，变间接引语，时态不变。如： He said, “I get up at six every morning.”

→He said he gets up at six every morning.（3）其它

直接引语变间接引语，具有指代性的词也需要变化，一些具体变化如下：

指示代词this---thatthese---those

表示时间的词now---thentoday---that day this week(month, etc.)---that week(month, etc.)yesterday---the day beforelast week(month)---the week(month)before three days(a year)ago---three days(a year)beforetomorrow---the next(following)daynext week(month)---the next(following)week(month)

表地点的词 here---there 动词 bring---take come---go

三、句型：①直接引语如果是陈述句，间接引语应改为由that引导的宾语从句。句中常用say，tell 等如： She said, “Our bus will arrive in five minutes.”

→She said that their bus would arrive in five minutes.②直接引语如果是反义疑问句，选择疑问句或一般疑问句，间接引语应改为由if或whether（是否）引导的宾语从句中常用ask

如： He said, “Can you swim, John?” →He asked John if he could swim.“You have finished the homework, haven„t you?” my mother asked.→ My mother asked me whether I had finished the homework.“Do you go to school by bus or by bike?”

→ He asked me if I went to school by bus or by bike.③直接引语如果是特殊问句，间接引语应该改为由疑问代词或疑问副词引导的宾语从句（宾语从句必须用陈述句语序）。句中常用ask

He said ,”where was she going?” →he asked where she was going.She asked me, “When do they have their dinner?”

→ She asked me when they had their dinner.④直接引语如果是祈使句，间接引语应改为“tell(ask,)sb.(not)to do sth.”句型。

如： “Don‟t make any noise,” she said to the children.→ She toldthe children not to make any noise.“Bring me a cup of tea, please,” said she.→ She asked him to bring her a cup of tea.直接引语变间接引语练习题

一、专项练习

1．He said: “I‟ve left my book in my room.”2．She said: “He will be busy.”

3．She said to Tom, “Can you help me?”4．She asked, “Is this book yours or his?”5．The teacher asked, “how did you repair it?”

6．The teacher said to the students, “Don‟t waste your time.”7．The mother said, “Tom, get up early, please.”8．The teacher said, “The earth goes round the sun.”9．My father said, “Practice makes perfect.”

10．The boy said to us, “ I usually get up at six every day.”

二、巩固练习：

1.Our teacher asked us _____ our dictionaries to school.A.bringB.broughtC.bringD.to bring 2.The teacher told the boy students ______ football on the grass.A.not playB.not to playC.playedD.playing 3.____ Tom didn‟t go to school?

A.Do you know howB.Why do you knowC.How you know whyD.Do you know why

4.She looks sad.Could you please tell me _____ that prevents her from being as happy as before?

A.what it isB.it is whatC.how it isD.it is how

5.Betty asked her sister ____ to the railway station to see her off.A.not to comeB.not to goC.to not comeD.to not go 6.The pupil asked his teacher _____ round the earth.A.weather the moon goesB.that the moon went C.whether the moon goesD.whether the moon went 7.Mr.Li ____ Wang Ling ____ a taxi to the airport.A.asked;takeB.asked;takingC.told;takeD.told;to take 8.She asked him ____.A.whose dictionary this isB.whose dictionary that was C.whose dictionary is thisD.whose dictionary that is 9.Do you know ____?

A.what is he doingB.what he doing

C.what he is doingD.what does he do now 10.I don‟t know ___ to learn English.A.when did he beginB.when he beganC.he when beganD.when he begins 11.Can you guess ____?

A.what is that manB.who that man isC.whom that man isD.who is that man 12.I wonder how much ___.A.does he spend on his carB.did he spend on his car C.he spent on his carD.he spent in his car

专项练习答案：

1． He told me that he had left his book in his room.2． She said that he would be busy.3． She asked Tom if /whether he could help her.4． She asked me whether that book was mine or his.5． The teacher asked me how I had repaired it.6． The teacher told the students not to waste their time.7． The mother asked Tom to get up early.8． The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.9． My father said practice makes perfect.10． The boy told us he usually gets up at six every day.巩固练习答案：

1—5DBDAB;6—10CDBCB；11-12BC

第二篇：直接引语变间接引语试题

Mr.green said to them,“Joe told me all about his story when he asked for a job” He said,“We insisted that she start immediately” She said,“He demanded that the girl leave at once” I said to him,“I have finished it” She said to us,“I'll come here tomorrow” “Where does your chemistry teacher live ,Karen?”the young man asked.“I ave gained the first place in the mathematics competition ,”the little boy said happily.“ ”Light travels faster than sound,“the physics teacher said to the boys and girls” “Will you ge to the concert with me this evening?”Mary asked me.“What did you do here yesterday ?”the old man asked my brother Lana said ,“I am mad at Marcia” “I go to the library every saturday”Tom said “I will have birthday for him on Firday night”Said Mary “Do you like watching soap operas?” Tony asked me.“What were you doing when the UFO arrived?”The reporter asked me.“Will there be robots in people's homes?”Joan asked Our teacher said to us “A friend in need is a friend indeed.”

John said to Tony.“Can you speak a little slowly?” The radio says.“Tomorrow will be sunny.” “Why do you like koalas?”Lucy asked me “I'm glad to receive your e-mail,” said he.He said to me, “Are you going home this weekend?”

23.“How do you like the food here?” said she.24.She said to me, “Don't ride in the street.”

25.“Stand where you are!” the police said to the young man.请在下列空白处填上适当的词语，使句意不变。

1． She said, “Are you from the south?”

She asked ________ I ________ from the south.2.Mom said to me, “Don't tell a lie.”

Mom ________ me ________ ________ tell a lie.3． Susan said to me, “We visited the Red Star Farm last week.”

Susan told me that ________ ________ ________ the Red Star

Farm ________ ________ ________.4． Mr Paul said to us, “Light travels faster than sound.”

Mr Paul ________ us that light ________ faster than sound.5． “Go and post the letters,” the manager said to him.The manager ________ him ________ ________ and post the letters.6."Does the girl need any help?” he asked me.（变为间接引语）He asked me _________ the girl _________ some help．

7.Did Peter come here yesterday? Li Lei wants to know.(改为间接引语)Li Lei wants to know _________ Peter _________ here yesterday.Mr.green said to them that Joe told him all about his story when he asked for a job.2 He said that they were insisted that she start immediately.3 She said that He demanded that the girl leave at once.4 I said to him that I had finished it.5 She said to us that she would come here the next day.6 The young man asked Karen Where your chemistry teacher lived.7 the little boy said happily He had gained the first place in the mathematics competition the physics teacher said to the boys and girls that Light travels faster than sound.9 Mary asked me if I would get to the concert with her that evening.10 the old man asked my brother What you did here yesterday.11 Lana said she was mad at Marcia.12 Tom said he went to the library every saturday.13Tom said he would have birthday for him on Firday night.14 Tony asked me if you liked watching soap operas.15The reporter asked me What you were doing when the UFO arrived.16 Joan asked there would be robots in people's homes.17 Our teacher said to us a friend in need was a friend indeed.78 John said to Tony if you could speak a little slowly.19 The radio says Tomorrow would be sunny.20 Lucy asked me Why I liked koalas.21.He said that he was glad to receive my e-mail.22.He asked me if I was going home that weekend.23.She asked how I liked the food there.24.She told me not to ride in the street.25 The police ordered the young man to stand where he was.II.1.if / whether;was 2.told;not to 3.they had visited;the week before 4.told;travels 5.told;to go 6.if;need 7.if came

第三篇：直接引语变间接引语常用的三种情况

直接引语变间接引语常用的三种情况

1、陈述句变成间接引语（1）“I am a teacher“ she said.She said that she was a teacher.“You don't tell her my telephone number” he said.He said(that)I didn't tell her his telephone number.要注意时态的变化

一般现在时变成一般过去时。一般过去时变成过去完成时，现在完成时变成过去完成时，一般将来时变成过去将来时，this 变成that these变成those, here 变成there ,today变成that day, yesterday 变成the day before, tomorrow 变成next day, the day after tomorrow变成in two days' time，now 变成then等等。

2、将一般疑问句变成间接引语

在这样的句子中要加“if“ “是否”的意思。（1)”Are you a student?“ She asked me if I was a student.她问我是否是一位学生。

将原来的疑问句放在if 后面,但语顺变成肯定式的语顺。另外 还可以用whether 来表示。She asked me whether I was a student.1 / 11

(2)”Did you finish your work yesterday?“ He asked me if I have finished my work the day before.3.将特殊疑问句变成间接引语 ”What time is it?“ He asked me what time it was.”When will you go to town?“ He asked me when would I go to town.在这样的句子里除疑问词放在间接引语的前面外，后面也是陈述句的语序。

注意，间接引语中的that 可以省略。

一、如何变人称：

下面有一句顺口溜“一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新”。“一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化如：

She said.”My brother wants to go with me.”→She said her brother wanted to go with her.“二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称。或被第二人你所修饰。从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语。也可以用第一人称，如：

He said to Kate.“How is your sister now?”→He asked

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Kate how her sister was then。

“第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间接引语时。如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的人称一般不需要变化如：

Mr.Smith said。“Jack is a good worker。”→Mr.Smith said Jack was a good worker。

二、如何变时态：

直接引语在改为间接引语时、时态需要做相应的调整。现在时它需改为过去时态；过去时态改为完成时；过去完成时则保留原来的时态。如：

1)She said.“I have lost a pen.”→She said she had lost a pen 2)She said.“We hope so.”→She said they hoped so.3)She said.“He will go to see his friend。”→She said he would go to see his friend。

但要注意在以下几种情况下。在直接引语变为间接引语时，时态一般不变化。①直接引语是客观真理。

“The earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth, the teacher told me.→ The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth。

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②直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。如：

Jack said.”John, where were you going when I met you in the street?“→Jack asked John where he was going when he met him in the street.③直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。如：

Xiao Wang said.”I was born on April 2l, 1980。“ →Xiao Wang said he was born on April 20, 1980。

④直接引语如果是一般现在时。表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作，变间接引语，时态不变。如：

He said, ”I get up at six every morning。“ →He said he gets up at six every morning。

⑤如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式（例：ought to，had better, used to)和已经是过去时的形式时，（例：could, should, would, might）不再变。如： Peter said.”You had better come have today。“ →Peter said I had better go there that day。

三、如何变状语：

直接引语变间接引语，状语变化有其内在规律，时间状语由“现在”改为“原来（”例：now变为then, yesterday。变为 the day before）地点状语，尤其表示方向性的，或用指示代词修饰的状语，由“此”改为“彼（”例：this 改

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为that),如：

He said, ”These books are mine.“ →He said those books were his.四、如何变句型：

①直接引语如果是陈述句，间接引语应改为由that引导的宾语从句。如：She said, ”Our bus will arrive in five minutes.“→She said that their bus would arrive in five minutes.②直接引语如果是反意疑问句，选择疑问句或一般疑问句，间接引语应改为由whether或if引导的宾语从句.如：He said, ”Can you swim, John?“ →He asked John if he could swim.”You have finished the homework, haven„t you?“ my mother asked.→My mother asked me whether I had finished the homework.”Do you go to school by bus or by bike?“ →He asked me if I went to school by bus or by bike.③直接引语如果是特殊问句，间接引语应该改为由疑问代词或疑问副词引导的宾语从句（宾语从句必须用陈述句语序）。

She asked me, ”When do they have their dinner?“→ She asked me when they had their dinner.5 / 11

④直接引语如果是祈使句，间接引语应改为”tell(ask, order, beg等)sb(not)to do sth.“句型。如：

”Don‟t make any noise,“ she said to the children.→She told(ordered)the children not to make any noise.”Bring me a cup of tea, please,“ said she.→She asked him to bring her a cup of tea.⑤直接引语如果是以“Let„s”开头的祈使句，变为间接引语时，通常用“suggest +动句词（或从句）。”如： He said, ”Let‟s go to the film.“ →He suggested going to the film.或He suggested that they should go to see the film.引述别人的话有两种方式：一是使用引号引出人家的原话，这叫做直接引语；一是用自己的话把人家的话转述出来，这叫做间接引语。例如：

John said, ”I‟m going to London with my father.“ 约翰说：”我要和父亲到伦敦去。（“引号内是直接引语）John said that he was going to London with his father.约翰说，他要和他父亲去伦敦。（宾语从句是间接引语）由直接引语变为间接引语，分以下情况：

1． 直接引语是陈述句时

间接引语为that引导的宾语从句（口语中that可以省略），主句的引述动词主要有say ,tell, repeat, explain，6 / 11

think等。

He said , ”You are younger than I.“-‟He said(that)I was younger than him.2.直接引语是疑问句时

间接引语为陈述语序：主句的谓语动词say 改为ask,或改为wonder, do not know, want to know, be not sure, be puzzled等。

（1）一般疑问句或反意疑问句变为if(whether)引导的宾语从句。

She said, ”Do you often come here to read newspapers?“ →She asked me if(或whether)I often went there to read newspapers.She asked me , ”You have seen the film, haven‟t you?“ →She asked me whether(或if)I had seen the film.（2）选择疑问句变为whether….or 宾语从句。I asked him, ”Will you stay at home or go to a film tonight?“ →I asked him whether he would stay at home or go to a film that night.(3)特殊疑问句变为由原来的疑问词引导的宾语从句。He asked , ”Where do you live?“ →He asked me where I lived.7 / 11

3.直接引语是祈使句时 间接引语为不定式，作ask , tell, beg, order, warn, advise等动词的宾语补足语（don‟t 变为not）.The teacher said to the boy, ”Open the window.“→The teacher told the boy to open the window.His father said to him , ”Don‟t leave the door open.“→His father told him not to leave the door open.[注意]（1）有些表示建议、提议、劝告或要求的祈使句，可以用suggest ,insist等动词 加以转述。例如： He said, ”Let‟s go to the theatre.“

→He suggested(our)going to the theatre.或He suggested that we(should)go to the theatre.(2)”Would you mind opening the window?“ he asked.→He asked me to open the window.”Why don‟t you take a walk after supper?“ he asked.→he advised me to take a walk after supper.”Shall we listen to the music?“ he asked.→He suggested listening to the music.4.直接引语是感叹句时

间接引语为what 或how 引导，也可以用that 引导。She said, ”What a lovely day it is!“

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→She said what a lovely day it was.或She said that it was a lovely day.5．如果主句谓语动词为各种现在时或一般将来时，则间接引语中的动词仍保持直接引语原来时态。如果主句谓语动词为过去时，间接引语中的动词时态按下列变化：

（1）一般现在时变为一般过去时（2）现在进行时变为过去进行时（3）一般将来时变为过去将来时（4）现在完成时变为过去完成时（5）一般过去时变为过去完成时

（6）过去完成时不变，仍为过去完成时 [注意]（1）如果直接引语是表示客观真理时，变为间接引语，一般现在时不改为一般过去时。如： The teacher said ”The earth goes round the sun.“ →The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.（2）如果直接引语中有明确表示过时间的状语，变为间接引语时，一般过去时不改为过去完成时。如： He said to me, ”I was born in 1973.“ →He told me that he was born in 1973.(3)如果直接引语所述事实在当时和目前同样生效，变

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为间接宾语时，一般现在时不改为一般过去时。如： He said, ”I‟m a boy, not a girl.“

→He said that he is a boy ,not a girl.(4)如果直接引语中的谓语动词表示一种反复出现或习惯动作，在变为间接引时，一般现在时不改为一般过去时。如：

The girl said, ”I get up at six every morning.“ →The girl said that she gets up at six every morning.(5)如果直接引语中含有since, when, while 引导的表示过去时间的状语从句，在变为间接引语时，只改变主句中的谓语动词，从句的一般过去时则不变。如： He said to me, ”I have taught English since he came here.“ →He told me that he had taught English since he came here.(6)如果直接引语中含有情态动词 must, need, had better以及情态动词的过去式could, might, should, would,在变为间接引语时，这些情态动词没有时态的改变。例如：

The teacher said to me.”You must pay more attention to your pronunciation.“ →The teacher told me that I must(have to)pay more attention to my pronunciation.10 / 11

He said , ”I could swim when I was only six." →He said that he could swim when he was only six.6.代词等一般地应作用相应的变化。指示代词 this —that these— those 表示时间的词 now —then today—that day this week(month ,etc)—that week(month ,etc)yesterday—the day before last week(month)—the week(month)before three days(a year)ago—three days(a year)before tomorrow—the next(following)day next week(month)—the next(following)week(month)表地点的词 here—there 动词 bring—take

come—go

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第四篇：初三英语专题_直接引语和间接引语讲解及练习及答案

初三英语专题 直接引语和间接引语讲解及练习

直接引述别人的原话，叫直接引语。用自己的话转述别人的话，叫间接引语。例：

“I remember I had seen you.” I said.“What’s you name?” she asked.Mary said she had already seen the film.He replied that he was going by train.将直接引语变为间接引语时要做一些相应的变化，主要有以下几种情况。1.时态的变化

一般现在时→一般过去时

将来时

现在进行时→过去进行时

完成时

现在完成时→过去完成时

例：He said: “I came to help you.””

He said that he had come to help me.*直接引语如果是客观真理，变间接引语时，时态不变。

例：He said: “Light travels much faster than sound.”

He said that light travels much faster than sound.2.时间状语的变化

now →then

last month→the month before

today

一般过去时→过去

一般将来时→过去→that night today→that day three days ago → three days before

tomorrow→ the next day

this week→that week

next month→the next month

yesterday→the day before

the day after tomorrow→in two days

例：She said, “I went there yesterday.”

She said that she had gone there the day before.3.指示代词的变化

this→that

these→those

She said: “I will come this morning.”

She said that she would go that morning.4.地点状语的变化

here→there

He said, “My sister was here three days ago.”

He said that his sister had been there three days before.5.谓语动词的变化

come →go

She said, “I will come here tomorrow.”

She said that she would go there the next day.6.人称的变化

直接引语变间接引语相当于把直接引语变为宾语从句。因此直接引语的人称要做相应变化。

①直接引语的主语为第一人称时，变为间接引语要和主句的主语保持一致。

He said: “I will go to Beijing tomorrow.”

He said that he would go to Beijing the next day.②直接引语的主语为第二人称时，要和主句的宾语保持一致。

例：He said to me: “You will leave tomorrow.”

He told me that I would leave the next day.③直接引语是第三人称为主语时，变间接引语时不变。

例：He said to me: “My sister will leave tomorrow.”

He told me that his sister would leave tomorrow.He said to us: “They want to come.”

He told us that they wanted to go.（二）句式的改变

1.直接引语是陈述句时，变成用连词that（只起连接作用，没有任何意义）引导的宾语从句，句中时态、人称指示代词、时间、地点等作相应变化。

例：He said: “You can swim here.”

He told me that I could swim there.2.直接引语是一般疑问句

直接引语是一般疑问句变成用whether或if引导的宾语从句，句中时态、人称、指示代词、时间、地点等作相应的变化。

例：Mary asked me: “Are you from England?”

Mary asked me if /whether I was from England.*变为间接引语后要变为陈述句形式。

3.直接引语是选择疑问句

直接引语是选择疑问句，变成whether引导的宾语从句。句中时态、人称、指示代词、时间、地点等要做相应的变化。

He asked me: “Do you want a long ruler or a short ruler?”

He asked whether I wanted a long ruler or a short ruler.4.直接引语是特殊疑问句

直接引语是特殊疑问句，变成用原来的疑问词一样的连接词引导的宾语从句。句中的时态、人称、指示代词、时间、地点等要做相应的变化。

John asked me, “Where does Jim come from?”

John asked me where Jim come from.5.直接引语是祈使句

直接引语是祈使句，根据说话人的语气变成ask（请让），tell（告诉），order（命令），warm（警告）sb.to do sth.结构；

直接引语是否定祈使句时，要完成ask/tell/order/warn sb.not to do sth.结构。

例如：She said to me, “Please sit down.”

She asked me to sit down.Mother said to me, “Pass me some salt.”

Mother asked me to pass her some salt.He said to us: “Don’t play in the street.”

He told us not to play in the street.把下列的直接引语变为间接引语。1.“I saw a note on my desk.” she said.2.Mother said, “We’ll go to the park tomorrow.” 3.He said to me, “Your brother broke it.” 4.Tom said, “My sister was here three days ago.” 5.“We stayed there for two weeks.” she told me.6.She said, “I have given up smoking.”

7.“We’ve known each other for about three years.” the young man told him.8.“I haven’t seen her these days.” he said.9.“Mother gave me a new book as a present yesterday.” Mary said.10.“Do you like English or Chinese?” the teacher asked me.11.“What did you do yesterday?” she asked me.12.“Would you like an apple?” mother asked me.13.“Don’t open the door.” she said to me.14.“Come here early tomorrow.” the teacher said to us.15.“Did you go to the cinema last night?” she asked.16.“Keep the door closed.” the old man said.17.“Did you go there by train or by bus?” the teacher asked.18.“They are playing on the playground.” Jim said.参考答案

1.She said that she had seen a note on her desk.2.Mother said that they would go to the park the next day.3.He told me that my brother had broken it.4.Tom said that his sister had been there three days before.5.She told me that they had stayed there for two days.6.She said that she had given up smoking.7.The young man told him that they had known each other for about three years.8.He said that he hadn’t seen her those days.9.Mary said that(her)mother had given her a new book as a present the day before.10.The teacher asked me whether I liked English or Chinese.11.She asked me what I had done the day before.12.Mother asked me if/whether I would like an apple.13.She asked me not to open the door.14.The teacher told us to go there early the next day.15.She asked whether/if I had gone to the cinema the night before.16.The old man told me(us)to keep the door closed.17.The teacher asked whether we had gone there by train or by bus.18.Jim said that they were playing on the playground.

第五篇：直接引语和间接引语的语法教学设计

直接引语和间接引语的语法教学设计

徐登芳 积石中学

一、教学内容 Discovering useful structures

二、教学目标 使学生掌握直接引语变间接引语的方法

教师讲解：直接引语变间接引语

A 陈述句的间接引语

直接引语是陈述句，变为间接引语时，在多数情况下都构成一个that引导的宾语从句，引述动词通常是say, tell等。与此同时，间接引语中的人称、时态和其他方面也要相应有所变化。

The foreigner aid to me, I like Beijing very much.那老外告诉我：我很喜欢北京。

→ The foreigner told me that he she liked Beijing very much.那老外告诉我说他（她）很喜欢北京。

She said,We are very fond of sports.她说：我们都喜欢体育运动。

→ She said that they were very fond of sports.她说他（她）们都喜欢体运动。

I'll go over the grammar lesson once again,he said.他说：我将把语法课再复习一遍。

→ He said he would go over the grammar lesson once again.他说他将要把语法课再复习一遍。（that可省略）

B． 疑问句的间接引语

1．一般疑问句和反意疑问句

一般疑问句改为间接引语时，要用陈述语序，并要加连词if 或 whether，其主句动词常用ask, wonder, wantto know, didn't know等。句末不用问号。My teacher asked me, Do you like American country music 我老师问我：你喜欢美国乡村音乐吗？

→ My teacher asked me ifwhether I liked American country music.我老师问我是否喜欢美国乡村音乐。You haven't been to Beijing, have you asked he.他问：你没去过北，是吗？

→ He asked me ifwhether I had been to Beijing.他问我是否去过北京。

2．否定的一般疑问句和选择问句

如果直接引语为否定的一般问句或选择疑问句时，用whether话号码吗？

→ She asked me whether I knew her telephone number or not.她问我是知道她的电话号码。

Do you like this one or that one Tom asked.汤姆问：你是喜欢这个还是那个？

→ Tom asked me whether I liked this one or that one.汤姆问我是喜欢这个还是那个。

3．特殊疑问句

间接引语为特殊疑问句时，间接引语前仍然用特殊疑问词作为连词引导宾语从句，注意从句必须用陈述语序，主句谓语动词常用ask。He asked, How do you like it 他问：你觉得怎样？

→ He asked me how I liked it.他问我觉得它怎样。

She asked me, What's the matter with you 她问我：你怎么啦？

→ She asked me what was the matter with me.她问我我怎么啦。How many books do you have she asked.她问：你有多少本书？

→ She asked me how many books I had.她问我有多少本。

4.其它

英语中有些疑问句并非提出疑问，而是表示请求、劝告、建议等。这种疑问句变为间接引语时，往往采用其他的形式。

①．suggest doing

Shall we all go to the film tonight said Michael.迈克尔说：我们今晚都去看电影，好吗？

→ Michael suggested going to the film tonight.迈克尔建议今晚都去看电影。

What about having a drink he asked.他问：喝杯怎么样？

or 连接。

She said, Don't you know my telephone number 她说：你难道不知道我的电 He suggested having a drink.他建议喝一杯。

②．advise sb to do

Why don't you go hiking asked James.詹姆士问：你为什么不徒步旅行？ James advised me to go hiking.詹姆士建议我去徒步旅行。

③.offer to do

He said, Would you like me to post the letter 他说：你要我寄信吗？ He offered to ost the letter.他主动提出寄信。

④．ask sb to do

Will you please bring your reference book here tomorrow she said to me.她对我说：劳驾你明天把你的参考书带来好吗？

→ She asked me to take my reference book there the next day.她让我第二天把我的参考书带去。

C． 祈使句的间接引语

1．直接引语为祈使句时，间接引语往往用复合宾来表示，其结构为主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语（动词不定式）。引述动词可根据口气选用tell, ask, order, command, request等词，句中please去掉。

She said to me, Please have a rest.她对我说：请休息一下。

→ She asked me to have a rest.她要求我休息一下。

Don't all answer at once, she said to the pupils.她对学生说：大家不要齐声回答。→ She told the pupils not to answer all at once.她叫学生不要齐声回答。

2．带有let的祈使句（表示请求，建议或命令），可用suggest +-ing形式或suggest +that从句来表示其相应的意思。

Let's go for a walk, said the girl.那姑娘说，让我们去散散步吧。

→ The girl suggested going for a walk.这女孩建议去散散步。

The teacher sai, Let Lily tidy the classroom.老师说：让莉莉整理教室。

→ The teacher suggested that Lily should tidy the classroom.老师建议让莉莉整理教室。

D． 感叹句的间接引语

1．直接引语是感叹句变为间接引语时，多采用宾语从句结构，既可用what或how引导，也可用that引导。

What a clever boy you are!my teacher said to him.老师对他说，你是个聪明的孩子啊！

→ My teacher told him what a clever boy he was.老师对他说他是一个多聪明的孩子啊。

→ My teacher told him that he was a very clever boy.老师说他是一个非常聪明的孩子。

He said, How well you look!他说：你看起来气色多好啊！

→ He said how well I looked.他说我看起来是气色多好啊。

→ He said that I ooked very well.他说我看起来气色很好。

2．有些感叹句可以根据原句的意思，采用适当的动词变为陈述句，不需用间接宾语来转述。

Help!he cried.他喊到：救命啊！

→ He called for help.他大声呼救。

What terrible weather it is!he said.他说：多么糟糕的天气！

→ He complained about the terrible weather.他抱怨这糟糕的天气。Happy Chrismas!he said.他说：圣诞快乐！

He wished me a happy Christmas.他祝我圣诞快乐。

设计意图：通过讲解强化直接引语变间接引语的方法。步骤三

学生活动：做课本上的练习1-2（p5）

设计意图：通过与课文有关的信息进行直接引语和间接引语结构强化练习。步骤四 语法知识总结及巩固

学生两人一组讨论本单元的语法现象，列出知识清单，请几组同学向全班报告他们总结的语法。老师点评各组，选出最完整正确的一组，并在此基础上总结出本单元的语法。然后完成句子填空、翻译等活动。设计意图：学生通过以上3个步骤的活动，对直接引语和间接引语结构有了一定的发现和感受，本步骤促使学生自己动脑筋思考、总结语法现象，然后老师进行总结和强化训练，巩固效果会更好。步骤五 课后作业