如何阅读英文案例 How to Read English Cases and Citations

第一篇：如何阅读英文案例 How to Read English Cases and Citations

（大连外国语学院应用英语学院　屈文生)

第一部分

案例通常由下列几个部分组成。

一、案例名称（Case Name）；例如：Marbury v.Madison（马伯里诉麦迪逊）, v is short for versus.是“诉”的意思。

二、判决法院（Court rendering the opinion）；例如：New Jersey Supreme Court(新泽西最高法院)。

三、卷宗号；案号（Citation）；例如：93 N.J324, 461 A.2d 138(1983)，这说明该案出自《新西汇编》第93卷，第324页，以及《大西洋汇编》第二辑第138页，该案判决于1983年。此处，A 是Atlantic Reporter的缩写。像这种指明两个或两个以上出处的卷宗号叫作：“平行卷宗号”，其英语表达为“parallel citation”，意思是“An additional reference to a case that has been reported in more than more reporter.”广义上卷宗号包括上述

一、案例名称；

二、判决法院。

四、主审法官姓名（Justice wrote the opinion）。

五、判决书（opinion: stating the issue raised, describing the parties and facts, discussing the relevant law, and rendering judgment.）判决书是整个案例的主体部分，其中包括法律争议（Issue）、双方当事人情况、事实经过、判决采用的相关法律以及判决结果。

判决书的阅读过程之中，要注意以下几点：1.时态主审法官的意见用现在时态；前审法院的意见用过去时态。2.主审法官的意见是法院意见。3除法院意见外还有两种意见，它们被称为“反对意见”（dissenting opinion or dissent）与“配合意见”（concurring opinion）。Dissenting opinion: opinion offered by a judge disagreeing with the majority panel of judges’ conclusion;“反对意见”指不同意大多数法官判决结论之某一法官的意见；Concurring opinion: opinion written by a judge agreeing with the majority’s conclusion but not its reasoning.“配合意见”是指同意大多数法官的意见，但是不同意判决结论的推理之某一法官的意见。

六、法庭投票（Votes of the court）例如在七名大法官审理的情况下，有几名法官的意见是“维持原判”（affirmance），有几名法官的意见是“撤销原判、发回重审”（reversal and remandment）。

第二部分

一、什么是citation?

由于卷宗号这一块涉及内容庞杂，这里再逐一特别说明一下。我们首先来看一下《布莱克法律字典》中citation的定义：A reference to a legal precedent or authority, such as a case, statute, or treatise, that either substantiates or contradicts a given position.(p.237)7th edition.由于a citation is a reference to a legal authority，因此，citation必须要有一个标准，这样以后的参考者才容易检索得到。正如《布莱克法律字典》所指出的一样，Citation formats exist for many different types of legal sources including cases, statutes and secondary legal materials.Understanding the basic format for each of these different types of sources will enable the researcher to more independently locate materials in the law library.案例之中的卷宗号通常包括下列几个部分：

a.案件双方当事人姓名（the names of the parties involved in the lawsuit）；

b.包含案件全文的汇编卷号（the volume number of the reporter containing the full text of the case）；

c.该案例汇编的缩写名称（the abbreviated name of that case reporter）；

d.案例开始的页码数（the page number on which the case begins）；

e.案件判决年份（the year the case was decided）；有时还包括

f.案件判决法院（the name of the court deciding the case）。

举例的卷宗号（full citation）就是：

Roe v.Wade 410 U.S.113 93 S.Ct.705 35 L.Ed.2d.147 1972

Case name Official citation parallel citation parallel citation Date of opinion

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第二篇：英文面试案例

Case Study-An Interview With Shell Oil Company

The Shell Oil company is well known for its human resource assessment methodology, which has proven successful in the identification and selection of candidates for its global operations.Its approach and assessment criteria have been adopted by some government agencies for selecting scholars and public officials.While it is not a financial institution, the experience documented below is the first-hand real life experience of one of the authors that has applicability and relevance on interviewing with global financial institutions.Case study-The Shell Oil Company Interview Experience

壳牌石油公司以其人事评估方法著称，该方法成功地为其在全世界的机构选拔了大量优秀人才。它的方法和评估标准已经被全世界很多政府机构采用，以选择奖学金得主和政府官员。尽管它不属于金融机构，但以下案例是本书作者之一的亲身经历，相信对参加金融机构应聘的人士，也是有所裨益的。

案例分析——壳牌石油公司面试经历

The second largest global oil giant and a Fortune 500 company, Shell is known for its stringent selection criteria when it comes to executive hiring.The interview process of this world-class company is very thorough and demands a lot out of a candidate.The whole experience is exhausting(it lasts approximately 6 hours including lunch)and one has to be very well prepared mentally to perform well.The setting is as such: The candidate, along with 5-6 other short-listed candidates, is invited to a local hotel/resort/country club for a day.The panel that will be interviewing you consists of senior managers from different divisions of the company.One point to note for perspective: Through this thorough interview process, the company seeks to employ candidates who can eventually progress to a General Management position in one of the company’s numerous divisions.The various stages of the long process include:

作为全球第二大石油公司和财富500强企业，壳牌公司在挑选人才方面极为严格。这个世界级大公司的面试过程非常全面、非常挑剔。整个过程是很耗费精力的(包括午饭大约需要6个小时)，你必须作好心理准备，争取良好表现。

整个“布景”是：你和其他几个经过筛选的候选人一同受邀去当地的饭店／风景区／乡村俱乐部过一天。即将面试你们的面试评审团成员包括公司各部门高级经理。

要注意一个前提：公司需要招募的是一个最后能晋升到部门经理的人选。冗长的面试过程具体如下：

1.panel Interview.Candidates are first put through an interview regarding ones personal and education background, career objectives, achievements, extra curricular activities, etc.The panel usually consists of senior management from different divisions of the company.Some of the questions asked featured in the “Frequently Asked Questions?section above.2.panel Discussion Cadidates discuss with the rest of the short listed candidates.The Human Resource personnel will normally chair this session.Topics are typically general in nature and the key here is to assess how each candidate engages in the discussion process, how nimble is their thought process and their grasp of current issues outside of the normal textbook environment.(Keeping silent and not engaging in the process would be an absolute disaster)

3.Lunch with the Interviewers.Though a free lunch, it comes with a purpose.This session is used to gauge the social and dinning etiquette of a candidate.How he behaves, conducts conversions over lunch, and the obvious table manners.Try not to slurp loudly and stuff yourself too full, as the afternoon sessions are even more demanding and a full stomach will only dull your thought process.4.presentation to Interviewers and rest of Candidates.One is asked to give a short 5 minutes speech/presentation on a topic of one’s choice, and to take some questions following that.(there will definitely be some from the interviewers).The purpose of this is to test your presentation skills and presence.1.面试小组面试：首轮面试将包括对应聘者的个人资料、教育背景、职业目标、已有成就、社会活动经历等的了解。面试人员是来自公司各部门的高级经理，面试问题多为前面章节的“面试常见问题”。

2.集体讨论：和其他侯选人一起进行集体讨论。通常由人事部门人员主持，讨论话题一般比较普通，关键是评判应聘者参与小组讨论的能力，看他们如何脱离书本、抓住问题的核心、灵活进行思考。(保持沉默或不积极参与绝对是个下策)。

3.和面试人员午餐：看似一顿轻松自由的午餐，其实是用来评估应聘者的社交礼仪和餐桌礼节。观察他用餐时的举止以及在餐桌上交谈的礼节。用餐时切记不可发出很大声响或者吃得过饱。下午的面试回合要求会更高，吃得过饱会让你反应迟钝。

4.向面试人员自我陈述：应聘者被要求对自选的题目做大约5分钟的演讲／陈述，之后接受面试评审团或其他面试者的提问。(其中大部分问题由面试官提出。)考察的是应聘者的陈述能力和风度。

5.In-Tray Exercise.Candidate is sited behind a desk and asked to review various memos, e-mails that are in his in-tray.Issues cut across the various functions, marketing, sales, finance, audit, control and human resource.The candidates were asked how they would act and why in every one of the highlighted issues.It is a vigorous and demanding exercise.They focus on how you react under the different circumstances, the decisions made on every issue and your thought process when arriving at the decision.They do not expect the candidates to have full understanding of the various operations, thus it is also a test of how one copes under pressure and in new/unfamiliar situations.(this exercise displays the “helicopter”qualities of the person, whether he has the maturity and qualities to make a good manager)

6.Cocktails.Top management would typically join the candidates and the interviewers for cocktails at the end of the day.Though it is a time to finally relax and get to know each one better, it is also an excellent opportunity to reinforce ones strengths and qualities.This is the best opportunity to make an impression on top management, thus prepare the right questions and be ready to engage.Given that only the most highly qualified graduates are short listed for Shell’s job interviews, the company, by carrying out the above intensive interview process, aims to select the candidates who clearly stand out amongst the group.Candidates who are further short-listed after this process will still have to go through more interviews before being hired.5.实际业务演练：要求应聘者浏览内容五花八门的会议记录和电子邮件，涉及市场、销售、财务、审计、管理和人事。应聘者必须作出回应，并告知评判人员理由。这是要求很高的测试。主要考察应聘者在不同环境下，如何处理问题、作出决策。面试官并不期望应聘者能够完全理解自己面临的问题，所以这也可以考验应聘者在新的或者不熟悉的环境下如何背负压力进行工作。(该测试考验应聘者处于“悬空状态”时的工作能力。看他是否成熟，是否具备成为一个优秀管理人才的素质。)

6.鸡尾酒会：在这一天即将结束时，高层管理人员会和面试人选一起参加鸡尾酒会。虽然经过了紧张的一天，你需要放松一下，并加深彼此的了解，但别忘了这也是强化你个人优势和资质的大好机会。而且你也可以借此机会，让高层管理人员对你留下好印象，所以准备好合适的问题，适时发问。

以上案例分析只是针对经过筛选、已入围的应聘者。壳牌石油公司希望通过如此精挑细选的面试，选拔出真正的佼佼者。通过这轮选拔的应聘者在被录用之前还要进行更高要求的筛选。

第三篇：英文 奉献 案例

The news is about the world's oldest Barber Started When He Was 12, and now he has beenover 100 years old but Still Has a Lot to Say.To many of his customers who have been comingthere for a long time, he’s like family.They hope he’s still their barber when he’s 125.he has a lot to say and always has a smile on his face, which is why people love him.his story tells us something:optimistic lifestyle is so good for you and people around you.When you are optimistic and in a good mood, your future seems sunny and bright.On the contrary, when you are worried and have your mind caged in sadness, your future will turn dark.The later situation, if you allow it to last, will cost you a great deal.You will lose confidence and courage to fight for the better.You will let go the joyfully things that come your way.They are, like the air around us, really the most important, the most reliable part of links of our life.If they get loose and drop one after another, how can you keep happiness?

There's a poem which says: “Whether you are aware or not, whether you like or dislike, show attention or ignore, flowers bloom luxuriously all the same.” Yes, that's it.Just as flowers keep blooming, fine days are, passing away one after another.How to spend your days joyfully or sorrowfully will entirely depend on yourself.

第四篇：简历案例--英文个人版

英语个人简历范文

Name: Melvin Gender: Male Date of Birth: May, 1982 Citizenship: Junan county, Linyi, Shandong Major: English(B.A)⊿ Objective Assistant of your office or the manager;Interpreter of company or organization which concerns international business;College or vocational university‘s teacher.⊿ Education Background September 2002 to July 2006, Shandong University of Architecture September 1998 to July 2002, Linyi No.1 Middle School ⊿ Main Skills About English Have past the Test for English Major-4;fluent oral English, and good pronunciation.Major target: ESP of technology, esp.architecture and real estate, and also international business.About German Have learned about 200 hours of Hochschuldeutsch 1, 2.Can do basic reading and writing.About Chinese Have got the Certificate of Chinese, the score is 86.2 About Computer Have a good command of computer, knowing the basic maintain of hardware and software;Good sense of Visual Foxpro language.Intersted in web page design, and had mastered the MACROMEDIA, which including Dreamweaver,Flash and Firework.Skilled in Microsoft Office, including FrontPage.⊿ Work Experience Have part time job in Shanghai Yaru Consulting Co.Ltd during 2004 and 2005 summer holiday.Did the market research for Shandong Shiguang Boiler Co.Ltd(shanghai branch)in shanghai.Experiences on be a tutor of junior, senior middle school students and college students.Many times of doing promotion sales for stores during the campus life.⊿ Activities From 2003.10 to2005.5, be the assistant of the director of Foreign Language Department.From 2004 to 2005, be the minister of the Network Department and Publicity Department of the Students Union.⊿ Awards & Honors In the year of 2004, awarded the “Model student stuff ”prize of our school.In the year of 2004, won the third level scholarship of our school.In the year of 2003, won the “Excellent Student” prize of our school.⊿ Interests Have intensive interest in traveling, photographing;Reading,esp.on business, economy and computer.⊿ Self-uation Strong sense of responsibility, good spirit of teamwork.Can learn new things well

第五篇：面试型英文对话案例

面试型英文对话案例！

Why are you interested in working for our company?

为什么有兴趣在我们公司工作？

Because your operations are global, so I feel I can gain the most from working in this kind of environment.因为你们公司的运作是全球化的，我觉得可以在这样一个环境中工作会有最大的收获。Because I think my major is suitable for this position.因为我认为我的专业适合这个职位。

Because I can learn new things in your company, at the same time I can offer my services to you.因为我可以在贵公司学到新的东西, 同时能为你们提供服务。

Because I'm very interested in your company's training program.因为我对你们公司的培训计划很感兴趣。

Why did you leave your former company?为什么离开以前的公司？

Because I'm working in a small company where a further promotion is impossible.因为我在一家小公司工作，升职的希望很小。

Because I'm capable of more responsibilities, so I decided to change my job.因为我有能力担负起更多的责任，所以决定换工作。

Because that company didn't have a good future, so I needed to consider my future.因为那家公司没有什么前途，所以我必需考虑我的未来。

Because I want to change my working environment, I'd like to find a job which is more challenging.因为我想改变工作环境，找一个更富有挑战性的工作。

Because I had some private reasons, some family things.因为我有一些私人的原因，家里有些事情。

What are your great strengths?

你有什么优点？

I'm a good team player.我是一个富有团队精神的人。

I'm a hard-working, persistent person.我工作刻苦，性情执着。

I'm a fast-learner.我学东西很快。

I can work under pressure and get along with my colleagues.我能在压力下工作，并能与同事和谐相处。

I have strong organizational skills.我的组织能力很强。

In what specific ways will our company benefit form hiring you?

我公司雇用你有什么好处?

I think that my technical background is helpful for you.我觉得我的技术背景对你们有用。

I'm very familiar with this market and have many customers.I think your company will benefit from it.我对这个市场非常熟悉并有许多客我认为贵公司能从中获益。

Your company will benefit from gaining a young energetic, bright, person.贵公司能通过雇用一个充满活力、聪明的年轻人获益。

I know I am the right person for this job.我知道我是最适合这个工作的。

What are your salary expectations?

你对薪水有什么要求？

I would expect the standard rate of pay at your company for a person with my experiences and educational background.我希望是贵公司对一个具有我这种经验和教育背景的人所付的标准薪资。

Shall we discuss my responsibilities with your company first? I think salary is closely related to the responsibilities of the job.我们能不能谈一谈我在贵公司需要承担的责任？我觉得工资应该与工作的责任紧密相关的。I hope you'll consider my experience and training and will offer me a salary higher than the junior secretary's salary.我希望你们能考虑我的经验及受过的培训，给我定一份高于初级秘书的工资。

I expect to be paid according to my abilities.我希望能根据我的能力支付薪资。With my experiences, I'd like to start at RMB4000 a month.以我的经验，我希望起薪是4000元人民币

A: What kind of personality do you think you have?

你认为你有怎样的性格？

B: Well, I approach things very enthusiastically, I think, and I don't like to leave things half-done.I'm very organized and extremely capable.嗯，我做事非常热心，我不喜欢把事情做一半。我非常有组织能力，也很能干。A: What would you say are your weaknesses and strengths?

你的弱点和优点是什么？

B: Well, I'm afraid I'm a poor speaker, however I'm fully aware of this, so I've been studying how to speak in public.I suppose my strengths are I'm persistent and a fast-learner.嗯，我不太擅长说话，我已经意识到这点，因此正在学习如何在公众场所说话。我想我的优点是很执着，而且学东西很快。

A: Do you have any licenses or certificates?

你有执照或资格证书吗？

B: I have a driver's license, and I am a CPA(Certified Public Accountant).我有驾驶执照，我是注册会计师。

A: How do you relate to others?

你和别人相处如何？

B: I'm very co-operative and have good teamwork spirit.我能与人合作，富有团队精神。

情景会话

A: I see by your resume that you have been working?

从你的简历可以看出你一直在工作。

B: Yes, I have worked for two years with an American Company.是的，我在一家美国公司工作过2年。

A: Tell me what you know about our company please.请告诉我对于本公司你知道些什么？

: Well, the company was founded in New York in 1950 by Mark Ward, who was the first president.It has 1 billion dollars in capital;it employs 5,000 people, and it is the largest company in its field in the States.好的，1950年Mark Ward，公司首任董事长在纽约创立公司。资本额为10亿美金，有5,000雇员, 是美国同行业中最大的企业。

A: What do you know about our major products and our share of the market?关于本公司的产品和市场份额你知道些什么？

B: Your company's products are mostly marketed in Europe and the United States, but particularly has sold very well here in China.So I think in the future you'll find China to be a profitable market as well.贵公司的产品主要在欧洲、美国市场销售，但是在中国市场的销路非常好，所以我想你会发现中国也是一个容易赚钱的市场。

A: What made you decide to change your job?

你为什么决定换工作？

B: I would like to get a job in which I can further develop my career.我想找一个工作进一步发展自己的事业。

A: May I ask you why you left the former company？

可以问一下你为什么离开以前的公司？

B: Because I want to change my working environment and seek new challenges.因为我想换一下工作环境，迎接新的挑战

A: How long does it take to get here from your home?

从你家到公司要花多少时间。

B: It takes about 40 minutes.大约40分钟。

A: Do you have any particular conditions that you would like the company to take into consideration?

你有需要公司特别考虑的事情吗？

B: Yes, do you have allowance for transportation as well a housing packages, medical insurance, unemployment insurance and annuity.是的，你们有交通补贴、公积金、医疗保险、失业保险及养老金吗？

What are your performance incentives and the bonus structure?

你们的奖励、奖金系统是怎样的？

A: How can we get in touch with you?

怎样有跟你联系？

B: You can reach me at 62547833.你可以打电话给我，号码是62547833。

A: How can I contact you when we reach our decision?

我们决定后如何跟你联系？

B: You can call me at this number between 4 and 6 in the afternoon.你可以在下午4点到6点之间用这个号码打电话给我。

A: Do you have any questions you would like to ask me?

还有问题要问吗？

B: What are the company's working hours?

公司的上下班时间是怎样的?

Would I have to work overtime very often?

是否要经常加班？

Would there be any opportunities to work abroad in the future?将来有机会到国外工作吗？