第一篇：英文感谢信写作规范
与英美人士打交道，你会发现他们在许多场合都会写感谢信。当他们收到朋友馈赠的礼物，或在困难时得到别人的帮助，或出去旅行受到盛情款待，除了当面致谢，他们还会写信以表谢意。
感谢信并无固定的格式，但是一定要提及感谢的具体原因和内容。不要千谢万谢，结果连感谢的理由都没写出来。如果收到的礼物是相册，你可以提及你不久前拍了一组照片，收到相册真是太及时了；住院时收到鲜花，可以说每天看着鲜花，神清气爽，心情顿时变得愉悦起来。过去，感谢信一般由当事人亲笔写在信纸或卡片上，然后通过传统邮政服务（因其既花钱又费时，常被称做snail mail，“蜗牛信件”）。现在，随着电子邮件的普及，它已迅速取代传统的书信和卡片。
第二篇：英语写作指导 英文感谢信（推荐）
• • • • 如何写感谢信
Thankyou letter 写作感谢信时，一定要言语真切，切忌夸夸其谈，华而不实。否则只会令人反感。此外，感谢信一定要写得及时，让对方感受到你的感激之情。
开头段表明写作意图，向对方表示诚挚的谢意。I am writing to express my thanks to you for …
主体段高度评价对方的帮助，列举为何对对方心存感激。一定要提及感谢的具体原因及内容。千万不要只是一味地感谢，而不道明需要感谢的理由。还可简明扼要地说明对方提供的帮助对你所起到的作用。或是从另外一个方面，如果没有别人的帮助会怎么样 if there was not you help …
结尾段再次表达谢意，表达自己希望回报的意图，并向对方送上良好祝愿。
实用例句
1.Thank you for all your kindness and support during my trip/.journey 感谢您在我旅行期间对我的关照。
2.It was indeed a pleasure to have dinner with you.（确实 实在是）与您一起共进晚餐着实是我的荣幸。Deed 行为 作为 3.Many thanks for your warm hospitality.非常感谢您的盛情款待。
4.I’d like to thank you for the wonderful dinner you gave us today.非常感谢你今天以丰盛的晚餐款待我们。
5.Thank you for your kind cooperation during these years.感谢您在这些年里的友好合作。
6.I hope we will have a chance/opportunity for further cooperation.希望我们有机会展开更深入的合作。
实用例句
7.I really don’t know how I can thank you enough.我真不知该怎样感谢你。
8.Thank you very much from the bottom of my heart.从心底 我由衷地感激您。
9.If I can in any way return the favor, it will give me great pleasure to do so.如果我能做点什么来报答您的话，我非常乐意。
10.Thank you for the present.It’s just what I wanted.谢谢您的礼物，这正是我想要的。
11.I don’t know how to thank you for such a beautiful flower.真不知道要如何谢谢你送我这么漂亮的花。
12.Thank you for your help, I’ll definitely do something in return.• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
• 谢谢你的帮忙，我一定会回报您的。
My sense of appreciate is beyond my word.我对你的感激超出语言所能表达 Ican’t express my thanks too much.再怎么感谢你也不为过 My appreciate is more than I can say.It would be much harder without your general help.如果不是你无私的帮助这件事会困难的多 I am excited to find that there live a potential about our further cooperation.
第三篇：英文感谢信写作范例
Hi, everyone
I'd like to thank each of you for making my birthday a great day(1).It felt really festive(2)to be surrounded by all of the decorations(3)all day!In fact, if you haven't noticed, I'm reluctant(4)to take them down.Also, your gift certificate(5)to the Real Seafood Restaurant was very generous(6)and I can assure you I will put it to good use!
Thanks so much!(7)
John
(1)英文信函的习惯是开门见山，段落的第一个句子常常是该段落的主题句(topic sentence)，“I'd like to thank each of you for making my birthday a great day”很清楚地表达了写信的目的。类似的主题句还有:“Thank you for spending so much time with me during my visit to your headquarters on Monday.”和“Leon and I are so grateful for your kindness during our stay in your house last week.”
(2)festive：过节似的、喜庆的、欢乐的(3)decorations:此处指表示喜庆的装饰物，如气球、彩条，表示幽默的漫画等。
(4)be reluctant to: 不情愿的，舍不得的(5)gift certificate：礼券
(6)generous: 丰厚的、丰盛的、大方的(7)结尾时可以再次向对方表示感谢。类似的句子还有：Thank you again for your time.Thank you again for your generosity.
第四篇：英文信函写作格式与规范
英文信函写作格式与规范
英文信函写作格式与规范
2.dateline
中文书信的日期写于落款之后，而英文信函的日期位于信端之下，信内地址之上。根据英美不同的习惯，日期可有两种写法。如2003年5月20日可写作： May 2003（英式写法）
May 20, 2003, 或May 20th, 2003（美式写法）
注意：月份应用英文写出，不以阿拉伯数字代替，因此，上例日期不可写成2003，5，20。此外，美式英语要求月份与年份之间用逗号隔开，但英式写法在月份与年份之间一般无逗号。
(4)称呼(Salutation)
称呼自成一行,从信纸的左边顶格写起。通用的称呼是“Dear„”，其后接逗号。采用何种称呼应根据写信人与对方的关系及认识的亲疏程度。① 一般性的称呼有：
Dear Mr.„，（用于男士）
Dear Mrs.„，（用于已婚妇女）
Dear Ms.„，（用于女士，已婚未婚均可，尤用于对婚姻状况不确定者）Dear Miss „，（用于未婚女士）
“Mr.”，“Mrs.”，及“Ms.”之后可加缩约号“.”，也可不加；但“Miss”之后概不加标点。“Dear”之后接收信人的姓氏，如“Dear Mr.Smith，” 注意：不写成：“Dear Mr.John，” 亦不写成：“Dear Mr.John Smith，”
习惯用法是：“Dear John，”或“Dear Mr.Smith，”
② 较正式、尊重的称呼也可采用头衔或职务，如“Dear Prof.Smith，”“Dear Dr.Smith，”等。③ 在收信人为不知名者的公务信函中，称呼可用： Dear Sirs，（当收信对方为单位/公司，而非某人时）Dear Sir，（当收信对方为不认识的男士时）
Dear Sir/Madam，（当收信对方为性别不明的陌生人时）
Gentlemen，（只用复数形式，且之前不加“”，属美式英语用法）
④ 称呼偶尔也用“Messrs.”，表示收信人为两位或多位男士（如 Messrs.J.Smith & R.White），但在更常的情况下表示收信对方是以人名命名的公司。
⑤ 收信人为熟友，可直称其名，如：“Dear Mary，”，“ My dear John，”„„等。
(5)信的正文(Body of Letter)
正文是信的主体，一般由开场白—主体段—结束句/段组成。
在开场白中，应该直截了当的陈述写信的目的：是致谢？道歉？祝福？咨询？建议？批评？请 求？„„。这与中文书信的习惯不同。在中文信中，我们常用诸如“你好！”，“近况如何？”等客套话开头。在写英文信时，应避免受此影响。切记不要把最重要、最醒目的第一句或第一段浪费在诸如“How do you do？”，“How are you？”等无关紧要的词句上。
信的主体部分可根据需要，分段叙述。表达应做到准确、简要、得体。准确指的是内容（包括数字、人名等细节）准确无误；简要首先应避免使用老式八股套话（诸如“I beg to acknowledge receipt of your letter.”等）；得体指的是表达符合英文习惯，措词与语气适合通信双方的亲疏关系。如公文信函做到语气礼貌但不谦卑，直接但不粗鲁，简洁但不唐突。
(6)结束敬语(Complimentary Close)
结束敬语是写信人对收信人的一种谦称，最通常用的结束敬语是： ① Yours faithfully，（英式用法）
Faithfully yours，Truly yours,（美式用法）（用于收信人为陌生人的正式公务信，对应于称呼用“Dear Sirs”，“Dear Sir”，“Dear Sir or Madam”，的正式信函。）
② Yours sincerely，（英式用法）Sincerely yours，（美式用法）
（用于称呼为“Dear + 姓氏”的正式或非正式书信。）结束敬语第一个词的开头字母要大写，末尾用逗号。
应该避免使用诸如“We remain yours faithfully”，“Respectfully yours”，等老式结束敬语。
(7)签署(Signature)
签署是写信人自己的签名。署名不加头衔，即不在自己的名字前加“Miss”、“Mr.”、“Prof.”之类的头衔。若因业务需要，必须让对方了解自己的性别或职务，可在签名下行用括号标明，如： Yours faithfully, Yours faithfully, ____________ 或 __________________
Leslie Archer(Ms.)Wang Wei(Sales Manager)(Managing Director)即使是打印的正式信函，签名也应用手写，之后再于手写的签署下面打印姓名。
代表某人签名应该在自己的签署下行写下所代表的人名，之前加“pp.”（即拉丁语per pro的缩略形式，表示“for and on behalf of”），如： Yours faithfully,----------------Sophie Lee pp.Bob Taylor(The Managing Director)（即代表总经理签名之意）
(8)附件(Enclosure)
如果信中已说明有附件随信寄去，也要在信笺的左下角注明，便于收信人查阅。如果附件不止一个，应写上几个附件和是什么附件。附件英文可缩写为Encl.，Enc，或Encls。例如： Encl: Doctor’s Certificate(附：医生证明一张)Encls（或Enclosures）：4 Invoices(附：发票四张)
HEADING（信端）DATE（日期）
INSIDE ADDRESS（信内地址）„„„„„„„„ „„„„„„„„ SALUTATION（称呼）
BODY OF LETTER（信的正文）
—————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————— COMPLIMENTARY CLOSING（结束敬语）
SIGNATURE（签署）
ENCL(S):（附件）(or P.S.)（或附言）
下面是日常生活中常用的几种专用信件实例。
A.推荐信(Letter of Recommendation)Sample 1
P.O.Box 3567 Nanjing University P.R.China 30 August 2003 Professor Ellis Browning Department of English Literature University of Cambridge
Dear Prof.Browning，I have the pleasure of introducing to you Ms Hong Feng, the bearer of this letter, who is a former student of mine in Nanjing University.Ms Hong was a top student in our department, where she spent four years for her first degree in Modern English Language Studies, followed by three years of graduate study in the 20th Century English Novels.She has special in demonstration of her gift and creativity.She has now been accepted by Cambridge where she will spend 3 years working on her doctoral degree.Ms Hong has always been a delight to teach.In addition to her academic talent, she is pleasant, amiable and understanding.I have no doubt that you will enjoy being her teacher as well as her friend.I should be very much obliged if you can help her settle in and also give her necessary guidance in regard to her course work.Yours sincerely，Fan Wen
Sample 2
Xiaxin Foreign Trade Co.Ltd.23 Nanhua Road, Xiamen May 1998
To whom it may concern，This is to introduce Mr.Chen Taiping, the bearer of this letter, who is the Marketing Manager of our Company.Mr.Chen Taiping has been assigned to do a marking research around the Country.We should esteem it a great favour if you would afford him the necessary information.Yours faithfully，Li Ling General Manager
B.感谢信(Letter of Expressing Gratitude)June 12, 2003 Dear Dr.Smith, I would like to thank you for allowing me to observe classes as a visiting scholar from China in your nice department with so many talented and productive professors.My one year stay in your country will come to an end, and I’m very happy to say that I’ve enjoyed my time here.I really like your department and your faculty and staff members who are so kind, helpful, and pleasant to get acquainted with, to learn from, and to cooperate with.Your university is an ideal one to visit, to learn from and to do research in.During my one year stay here, I have studied several courses offered by your professors from whom I have learned a lot from their excellent class instruction.I feel I should say much more, but the language fails me at this point.Your department and your colleagues have given me a host of opportunities, so much pleasure, and good friends, and countless precious memories for which I am truly grateful.Thank you a million times for the good that you and your friends have done for me.I will always remember you and your friendship.May health, happiness, and progress be yours.Yours sincerely, Wang Xin
C.祝贺信(Letter of Congratulation)CHINA SOUTHWEST AIRLINES(CSWA)Xiamen Office
Address: Wenbin Villa, 68 Mid-Hubin Road, Xiamen Tel: 9008000 Fax: 606494 6 December 1994
Lucas TAECO Aerospace(Xiamen)Co.Ltd.20 Diliao Road, Gaoqi International Airport Xiamen, 3610006
Dear Sirs，Please accept our most sincere congratulations on the new joint venture you have recently established in Xiamen.The British Lucas Aerospace corporation is a well-known international enterprise with an excellent reputation worldwide.We believe that the establishment of the Xiamen Lucas, following Lucas-Sydney and Lucas-Singapore, will inevitably make a tremendous contribution to the development of the aviation industry in Xiamen.May we have friendly cooperation in the future!
Wishing you continuous success with the joint venture!
Yours sincerely，Lin Chun Manager
D.邀请信(Letter of Invitation)19th Oct., 1999
Dear Susan, I hope that you and your husband haven’t any plan for the weekend on Oct.28th, as we would like you to spend it with us at our home in the countryside.I am sure your husband can find some real fish here in the river, for it’s the best season for fishing.So bring your fishing clothes.And also bring your golf club, as we can also play golf here for there is a world-class golf court near.We hope that nothing will prevent you from coming, as we’re looking forward to your visit.Be sure to let us know what train you are to take so that we can meet you at the station.Cordially yours，Kitty White
E.申请信(Letter of Application)Harbin Electric Motors Factory 412 Qianjin Road Harbin, Heilongjiang The People’s Republic of China March 22, 1998 Mr.Herbert E.Beck, Jr.General Manager Standard Motors Corporation 4528 Southland Ave.Chatanooga, Tennessee 47115 U.S.A.Dear Mr.Beck, The reputation and growth of Standard Motors Corporation ahs led me to write this letter.I’m interested in a management trainee position in your corporation.Currently, I’m the assistant director of Harbin Electric Motors Factory in charge of testing and quality control.I have been granted a leave of one year to learn the advanced managerial skills and develop business contacts in the United States.As a trainee, I do not require a salary, but would appreciate if your can provide me with a stipend enough to support myself during the year.The Chinese government will pay all my travel expenses.In the past two years, I have read much about your corporation and its excellent management.To join you and work with you would be a great opportunity for me.Enclosed please find my resume and two letters of recommendation.If further information is needed, please let me know.Thank you very much for your consideration.Sincerely, Wu Shunxiang
英语书信写作句式与套话 常用的起首语有：
1）Thank you for your letter dated Dec.22,1969.2)Many thanks for your letter of Sept.5，1997.3)A thousand thanks for your kind letter of June 5,1997.4)Your kind letter of November 22th arrived this morning.5)Your letter which arrived this morning gave me great comfort.6)In reply to your letter dated 4th July,I want to say„
7)Thank you very much for your letter of August 2 and the gift you sent me on Christmas Eve.8)What a treat to receive your kind letter of May 5th!
9)It is always a thrill to see your nice handwriting.10)First of all I must thank you for your kind assistance and high attention to me.11)With great delight I learn from your letter of this Sunday that „
14)I am very much pleased to inform you that my visit to your country has been approved.15)I wish to apply for teaching position you are offering.16)I am too excited and delighted at your good news.17)I am very obliged to you for your warm congratulations.„
常用的结束语有：
1）Awaiting your good news，2)Looking forward to your early reply，3)Hoping to hear from you soon，4)We await your good news.5)I hope to hear from you very soon.6)We look forward to your reply at your earliest convenience.7)I look forward to our next meeting there in Los Angeles.8)Your early reply will be highly appreciated.9)Any other particulars wanted we shall be pleased to send you.10)The help you give me is sincerely valued.11)I hope everything will be well with you.12)Please let us know if you want more information.13)I hope you always enjoy yourself.14)I wish you very success in the coming year.15)Please remember me to your family.16)With best regards to your family.17)All the best.18)With love and good wishes.1、投诉信
开头: I am writing to inform you that I am dissatisfied（不满意）with your „ 结尾: I understand you will give immediate attention to（马上关注）this matter.I would like to have this matter settled by the end of „
2、询问信 开头: I would be most grateful（感激的）if you could send me information regarding/concerning（关于）„
I am writing to see if it is possible for you to provide me with information regarding „ 结尾: Your prompt（立刻的）attention to this letter would be highly appreciated（感激）.I am looking forward to hearing from you.3、请求信
开头: I am writing to seek for your assistance（帮助）in „
结尾: I would like to thank you for your generous（慷慨的）help in this matter.4、道歉信
开头: I am writing to apologize（道歉）for „ I am writing to say sorry for „
结尾: I sincerely hope that you will be able to think in my position and accept my apologies（道歉）.5、感谢信
开头: I would like to convey（表达）in this letter my heartfelt thanks to you for „ 结尾: I must thank you again for your generous help.6、建议信
开头: I am writing to express my views concerning（关于）„
You have asked me for my advice with regard to „ and I will try to make some conducive可行性的suggestions.表达建议常用句式和套话
I feel that it would be beneficial（有益处的）if „ I would like to suggest that „
You may consider doing „
结尾: I would be ready to discuss this matter to further details.7、求职信 开头: I am writing to express my interest in your recently advertised position for a waitress „ I am writing to apply for the position of the sales manager advertised in China Daily yesterday.结尾: I believe I have the qualifications（资格）and experience for this post（职位）, and am therefore enclosing my resume.Thank you for considering my application and I am glad to be called at any time for an interview.If you need to know more about me, please contact me at „
8、推荐信
开头: I would like to present（人名）„ for your consideration in your search for a qualified manager.悉闻贵处欲招聘有能力的经理，谨向您推荐某某。
With reference to your requirements, I shall, without reservation, recommend（人名）„ as an ideal candidate.参照您提出的要求，我诚心地推荐某某作为理想的候选人。
结尾: Therefore, I don’t hesitate to recommend（人名）„ as the right person for your consideration.在此，向您推荐一位合适人选。
Any favorable consideration to this letter would be considered a personal favor.如对此信稍加关注，则本人不胜感激。
9、寻找失物信
开头: I am writing this letter to see if it is possible for me to have my camera back.结尾: I would really appreciate（感激）it if you could „
10、邀请信
开头: I am writing to invite you to „ I wonder if you could come „
A „will be held in „ and I would like to take this opportunity（借此机会）to invite you to „
结尾: My family and I would feel honored（荣幸的）if you could come.We would be looking forward to your participation（参加）in the party.Please le us know as soon as possible if you can come and tell us when you can make the trip.I really hope you can accept our warm welcome and sincere invitation.书信样文
邀请信 ：1．邀请的原因 2。具体时间、地点、活动 3。确认对方来否 Dear Professor Coster: All our English teachers who have attended your lecture on British Literature（英国文学）are deeply impressed by your thorough knowledge（渊博的知识）and profound understanding（深刻的见解）of the subject.We would like to know if you could come, as our guest of honor（贵宾）, to the National Seminar（研讨会）on Shakespeare which is to be held on our campus between October 11 and 17, and deliver a speech（发表演讲）on whatever subject that interests you.I can assure（向。。保证）you that we’ll make everything convenient to the speaker.Please let us know as soon as possible if you can come and tell us when you can make the trip.Sincerely yours, Wu Zheren Chairman English Department Dear Jean, Thanks so much for your letter, which arrived yesterday.I’m very happy to hear that you’re coming to New Haven this summer.You say that your English course at Yale（耶鲁大学）lasts five weeks, but you’ll be on holiday so I hope you’ll be able to come and see us.We have a spare room（空房间）, so there’s no problem about putting you up（供某人住宿）, and you’re welcome to stay for as long as you like.We’re not going away this summer, so there’s no problem about arranging dates.Please write soon and tell me if you can come.My best wishes to your parents.My parents send their kindest regards.Love, Helen Dear sir or madam: We would like to invite you to the presentation（展示会）of our new product.The presentation will take place at Hilton Hotel, from 9 o’clock a.m.to 5 o’clock p.m.on July 3rd, 2004.There will also be a reception（招待会）at 12 a.m.We hope you and your colleagues（同事）will be able to attend.The Clinton Company is a leading producer of high quality.As you well know, recent technological advances（进步）have made increasingly affordable to the public.Our new m odels offer superb quality and sophistication（高级）with economy, and their new features give them distinct advantages over similar products from other manufacturers.We look forward to seeing you on that day.Just call our office at 0126-89853 and we will be glad to secure a place for you.Sincerely yours, Julie Smith President of Clinton Company 申请信 ：1．申请目标 2。个人情况及申请原因 3。希望对方尽快答复 Dear Sir or Madam: I would like to be considered as a candidate for(I’m writing to apply for)the assistant computer programmer position advertised in The Daily News on June 28, 2005.I am presently finishing my degree in Computer Science at Peking University.I have taken every computer course offered at the university and have a good background in many computer languages.For the past two years I have worked part-time at a computer shop, where I have gained experience in sales and computer programming.I have enclosed a copy of my resume to give you further information about my experience.I can come for an interview at your convenience.I look forward to hearing from you.Sincerely, Tina Cope Dear Sir: I would like to apply for admission to Harvard University for a degree in law starting next September.I received a B.S.degree（理学士）in business from Shandong University in May of 2004.Since then, I have been working for legal services in Jinan.I’m very interested in Harvard University because of its concern for overseas students and its good programs in legal training.Please send me the appropriate application forms and any information you have about the undergraduate law program.I will also need to know the necessary information about TOEFL requirements because English is not my native language.I look forward to hearing from you.Sincerely, Hasan Halkali 感谢信 ：1．表示感谢。2。详细写对方为你做的事情，并且说明它对你意味着什么。3。希望今后能回报。Dear Daniel: Thank you very much for the wonderful holiday vacation I spent with you and your family.Your mother is such a terrific cook!I think I must have gained 10 pounds in just a week I spent with you.I really appreciate your taking time off from work to take me around and show me so many places.You are lucky to live in such an interesting area.I hope that soon you will be able to visit my part of the country.Thank you again for a wonderful time.Let's keep in touch.Best regards, Matthew Dear Anna, Just a few line to say how much I enjoyed last weekend.You are a wonderful host, and it was so nice to get away from the office.It was a good idea to invite three friends of yours who had never met before.Even though we took a little while to get used to one another, I thought we all got on well together.Wendy called me to ask me if I’d lie to go to the cinema with her later this week.We found we had so much in common, including a love of good films, so thanks to you I’ve found a new friend in Chicago.Thanks once again, and please let me know when you’re next going to be in Chicago.I’d be happy to put you up.Love Alice Dear Penny and Brain, Thank you for having me for the weekend.I had great time, especially at the dinner party Saturday night.I also enjoyed the tour in town on Sunday and our visit to the Museum of Modern Art.Our walk around the lake at sundown was the perfect end to a great day.I hope you’ll come to visit me soon.There’s a lot to do here, too, and I’ll plan a big weekend.There’s a wonderful museum with a large collection of Chinese art that I’m sure you’ll find interesting.Didn’t you say you were free in October? Why don’t you come then? Thanks again Bill
道歉信 ：1．道歉2。解释事情经过及原因 3。希望弥补过失 Dear Frank, I’m terribly sorry that I didn’t arrive in London last Friday.I hope this did not mess you up completely, although I know that you had already made some special arrangements for my visit with your parents and friends.I’m very sorry about all that.I’m sure you’ll be sympathetic（同情的）, however, when I tell you that my father is dangerously ill in a hospital, and that I found it impossible to leave Boston when he is in this state.I apologize again and promise I will go to London hopefully sometime next week, when my father is better.Sincerely, David
祝贺信 ：1．表示祝贺 2。夸对方才能 3。祝福更大成功 Dear Carl, Heartiest congratulations on your promotion to Director of Sales.When I heard the good news from Jack, I just wanted to say what a perfect choice has been made, for if ever there is a man with the interests of this department as heart, it is you.I know what this promotion means to you, and how hard you’ve worked for it.I’m sure the real satisfaction comes from the fact that your efforts have been appreciated.May you have a free hand to accomplish your plans and to use some of your excellent ideas.Best wishes, Kevin Dear Curtis: I was delighted to see the September issue of New Image that you have been named president of the A&B company.Congratulations on the excellent work you have done for the company.This pleases me for two reasons: first, because I think you will bring strong leadership to that important organization, and second, because the honor was bestowed on a long-time friend and customer.I extend hearty good wishes and, at the same time, an offer of any help our company can give to your organization.We’re behind you all the way!Sincerely yours, Stephen
投诉信 ：1．陈述问题2。阐明你的看法3。提出办法。4。等候答复。Dear Sir, Through this letter I would like to bring to your notice the inconvenience（不方便）that I am facing due to disorders of the telephone installed（安装）in my home.The telephone was installed in March and since then I am facing regular problems.It goes out of order almost every day or wrong numbers get connected.During the last six months I have made many complaints（投诉）to your company both in writing and on telephone.Mechanics form your company attended to（关注）the problem twice but the problem persists.I shall be grateful if you would kindly send some of your senior officers to look into my complaint to have the telephone repaired to satisfaction or get it replaced.An early action will be greatly appreciated.13 Yours faithfully, Shallot Steward Dear Sir or Madam, I am writing to you to complain of the Salmon Chemical Works, which seriously pollutes the city environment.The major problems are as follows.In the first place,„ Secondly, „ Finally, „ As a result, „
I think several urgent measures should be taken to solve the problems.On the one hand, „ On the other hand, „
It is my sincere hope that the pollution problems caused by the works will be looked into thoroughly and solved as soon as possible.I’m looking forward to your early reply.Thanks.Yours truly，Wang Ming 指路 ：1．提出指路原因 2。详细介绍路径，写出路途远近及花费时间 3。确信对方一定可以找到。Dear Frank, I’m so glad you can come to stay with me for a week.Because I have an important meeting Wednesday afternoon, I can’t pick you up at the railway station.Here is how you can find my flat.First, after you get out of the railway station, go straight ahead on Jeifang Road till you come to the first red light.Then turn right on Weigong Road, and you can see a bus stop on your right.Take a bus No.8 to Linin Road.When the bus comes to Jianshe Road, get ready to get off, because your stop is next.After you get off at Lixin, walk to August Street and turn left.My flat is about 200 meters down the street, and it is in a white building on you left.I’m in Rom 306, on the third floor.I’m sure you can easily find you way here to my flat.Yours Diana 通知 ：1。时间、地点、时间、参加人员 2。注意事项 Notice An evening party will be held by the trade union in the conference hall on Friday, October 15.The party will start at 7 p.m.and all staff members are welcome.It’s a nice opportunity for you to get to know and make friends with more colleagues from other departments.And it’s a Friday evening, the best time to relax after a week’s hard work.Guess what? The general manager, Mr.Frank Smith, will personally come to the party and make a speech!If we’re lucky, we may get him to do karaoke with us.So come to join us and have fun.October 13 Trade Union 谢绝 ：1．感谢对方的善意 2。表示抱歉，讲明原因 3。再次表示抱歉 Dear Tracy, It was very kind of your parents to invite Tim and me to your wedding.Unfortunately, we won’t be able to come, and I have written to the, expressing our regret, but I felt that I had to write to you personally to say how sorry we are that we can’t make it.The trouble is that the last two weeks in August are the only ones when Tim and I can both get away from work together, so we booked our holiday to Europe, and there’s no way we can change it.It’s such a pity, because I was looking forward very much to seeing you married.Naturally, we’ll be thinking of you on the day.We wish you all the best for the future.We’re sure that you’ll be happy.Our kindest regards.Love Beth 预定
Dear Sir or Madam: Your hotel has been highly recommended by a friend who stayed there a few weeks ago.I will be arriving in Paris at 6:30 p.m.on Thursday, June 27, accompanied by two friends.We wish to stay in Paris for 3 nights, from June 27 to June 29.Please let me know if a single room and a double room are available for this period, and what the charges would be.I also understand that your hotel arranges local tours;I would appreciate it if you could send me the details.I hope to hear from you soon.Sincerely, Lily Keen 个人简历
Room 212 Building 343 Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084(010)62771234 Email:good@tsinghua.edu.com Zheng Yan Objective To obtain a challenging position as a software engineer with an emphasis in software design and development.Education 1997.9-2000.6 Dept.of Automation,Graduate School of Tsinghua University, M.E.1993.9-1997.7 Dept.of Automation,Beijing Insititute of Technology,B.E.Academic Main Courses Mathematics Advanced Mathematics Probability and Statistics Linear Algebra Engineering Mathematics Numerical Algorithm Operational Algorithm Functional Analysis Linear and Nonlinear Programming Electronics and Computer Circuit Principal Data Structures Digital Electronics Artificial Intelligence Computer Local Area Network Computer Abilitees Skilled in use of MS Frontpage, Win 95/NT, Sun, Javabeans, HTML, CGI, JavaScript, Perl, Visual Interdev, Distributed Objects, CORBA, C, C , Project 98, Office 97, Rational RequisitePro, Process,Pascal, PL/I and SQL software English Skills Have a good command of both spoken and written English.Past CET-6, TOEFL:623;GRE: 2213 Scholarships and Awards • 1999.3 Guanghua First-class Scholarship for graduate • 1998.11 Metal Machining Practice Award • 1997.4 Academic Progress Award Qualifications • General business knowledge relating to financial, healthcare • Have a passion for the Internet, and an abundance of common sense
第五篇：英文写作规范English WRITING GUIDE
英文写作规范
English WRITING GUIDE
公司办公室
CORPORATE OFFICE
Contents
目录
I.Ramu Related Proper Nouns.4
A.PNGGovernment Sections.4
B.SomeGovernment Positions.5
C.PNG Laws.6
D.ProjectRelated Documents.7
E.Project andCompanies.7
F.LOA..8
G.Ramu NiCoManagement Positions.8
H.Ramu NiCoDivisions.9
a)Reguions.9
b)Departments 9
(c)Sections/plants.10
I.Others: 12
II.Grammar 12
1.Articles.12
A.Cases of NoArticles before Nouns.12
B.DefiniteArticles.14
C.IndefiniteArticles.15
2.NOUNS.16
A.Capitalization.16
B.Single andPlural 17
3.Punctuation.17
A.The comma(,)17
B.TheSemicolon(;)20
C.The Colon(:)21
D.Dash(--): 22
4.Numbers andDate.22
A.Numbers.22
B.Date format 23
C.Time.23
D.SerialNumber 24
III.E-mail Writing.24
1.Style andContent 24
2.Tips onEtiquette.25
IV.Letter Writing.26
1.The Solution.26
2.The Layoutof a Letter 28
3． The content of letters.28
V.Memos and Fax.29
1.Memos.29
2.Fax.29
VI．Revising and proofreading.30
1.Revising.31
2.Editing andProofreading.32
VII.Syntax Points.34
1.Sentence.34
2.Tense.36
A.Visual TenseChart 36
B.Tense ofNews Article Titles.37
VIII.Ramu DocumentFormat 38
Ramu Related Proper NounsNational Executive Council(NEC)国家行政委员会
Legislature 立法机关
Judiciary 司法机关
Executive 行政机关
Provincial Courts省法院
National Courts国家法院
Supreme Court最高法院
Local Land Courts地方土地法院
Provincial Land Courts 省级土地法院
Department of Inter-Government Relations国际政府关系部
Department of Public and State Investment公共企业及国家投资部
Department of National Planning国家计划部
Department of Treasury国库部
Department of Finance财政部
Department of Environment and Conservation环境部
Department of Fisheries and Marine Resources渔业和海洋资源部
Department of Public Service公共服务部
Department of Forest and Climate Change林业和气候变化部
Department of Petroleum and Energy石油和能源部
Department of Transport交通部
Department of Lands and Physical Planning土地和规划部
Department of Mining矿业部
Mineral Resources Authority（MRA）矿产资源管理局
Department of Works and Implementation工程和执行部
Department of Communication and Information Technology通信部
Department of Justice and Attorney-General司法部
Department of Religion, Youth and Community Development宗教、青年和社区发展部
Department of Labour and Industrial Relation劳工部
Department of Trade, Commerce and Industry工贸部
Department of Foreign Affairs and Immigration外交和移民部
Department of Police警察部
Department of Agriculture and Livestock农业部
Department of Health 卫生部
PNG Customs Services海关
Land Titles Commission(LTC)土地所有权委员会
Non Government Organizations(NGOs)非政府组织
PNG Chamber of Mines and Petroleum 巴新矿业和石油商会
Madang Chamber of Commerce 马当省商会
中国驻巴新经济商务参赞处(economic and commercial counselor)
Prime Minister 总理
Deputy Prime Minister副总理
Minister 部长
Acting MD – MRA矿业部常秘
MRA CIM主检察官
MRA Coordinator矿业部主管官员
Acting Secretary of DEC环境部代常秘
Deputy Secretary of DEC环境部副常秘
Secretary of Labour and Industrial Relations劳工部常秘
Acting Secretary of Foreign Affairs and Trade外交和移民局常秘
Sectary of Justice and Attorney-General 司法部常秘
IRC Commissioner IRC局长
IPA MD IPA局长
Commissioner PNG Customs Services海关关长
PNG Ports Corp Ltd MD
Governor-Bank of PNG巴新央行行长
Formal PM前总理
Formal Governor前省长
PNG Chamber President巴新商会(会长)
Madang Chamber President马当商会(会长)
ANZ Bank of PNG 巴新ANZ银行
Westpec Bank PNG LTD Westpec银行
BSP Bank of PNG 巴新BSP银行
DWU President DWU校长
Modilon Hospital Modilon医院
Governor省长
Deputy Governor副省长
Member of Parliament议员
Administrator行政官
Deputy Administrator副行政官
PNG Constitution 巴新《宪法》
Common Law 《普通法》
Arrest Act 《逮捕法》
Bail Act 《被释法》
Copyright and Neighbouring Rights Act《著作权和相邻权法》
Customs Act 《海关法》
Environment Act 《环境法》
Land Registration Act 《土地登记法》
Motor Vehicle(Third Party Insurance)Act《机动车条例（第三方保险）》
Trade Marks Act 《商标法》
Workers Compensation Act 《劳工赔偿法》
Wrongs(Miscellaneous Provisions)Act 《过错责任法案》
Companies Act 1997 《公司法（1997）》
Mining Act 1992 《矿业法1992》
Mining Development Contract 《矿业开发合同》
MA Master Agreement 《主协议》
MoA Memorandum of Agreement 《主协议备忘录》
JVA Joint Venture Agreement 《联营体协议》
OEMP Operational Environment Management Plan 《运营环境管理计划》
EP Environment Permit 环境许可
SML Special Mining Lease 特别采矿租约
Exploration licences 探矿许可
Mining Leases 采矿租约
Special Mining Leases 特别采矿租约
Mining Easements 路权许可
Leases for Mining Purposes 开发许可
Alluvial Mining Lease 冲积土地采矿租约
Ramu Feasibility Study 瑞木可研报告
Unincorporated Joint Venture非法人联营体
China Metallurgical Group Corporation(MCC-Group)中国冶金科工集团公司
Jiuquan Steel Limited(JISCO)酒泉钢铁（集团）有限责任公司
Jilin Jien Nickel(Jien Nickel)吉恩镍业股份有限公司
Jinchuan Mining Group(JNMC)金川集团有限公司
MCC-JJJ Ltd中冶金吉矿业开发公司（中冶金吉矿业）
Ramu Nickel Project 瑞木镍钴项目
Ramu NiCo(MCC)Limited中冶瑞木镍钴有限公司
Ramu NiCo Management(MCC)Limited（RNML）
瑞木镍钴管理（中冶）有限公司
Highlands Pacific Limited（HPL）高地太平洋公司
Mineral Resources Development Corporation（MRDC）
Mineral Resources Ramu Limited（MRRL）
Mineral Resources Madang Limited（MRML）
Inland Pipeline and Maigari Limited
KBK Limited
Raibus Group of Companies
Raibus Limited(Raibus)
NCS Raibus Branch
Basamuk Enterprise Limited
Raibus Security Limited
Raibus Engineering
MCC19 SJ Company
MCC20 Oriental Star Company
MCC22 JT Company
LOA Land Owner Associations
Kurumbukari Landowner Association
Basamuk Landowner Association
Coastal Pipeline Landowner Association
Inland Pipeline Landowner Association
BOD Board of Directors 董事会
Board Chairperson/Chairman 董事长
President 总经理
CTO Chief Technical Officer（公司）技术总监
CFO Chief Finance Officer 总会计师
VP Vice President（公司）副总经理
COO Assistant 总经理助理
Company Secretary 公司秘书
RMW Registered Manager-Works 注册厂矿经理—冶炼厂
RMM Registered Manager-Mine 注册厂矿经理—矿山
GM General Manager（部门）部长
DGM Deputy General Manager（部门）副部长
Manager 经理
Superintendent 二级经理/作业区长
Deputy Superintendent 副作业区长
Supervisor 主管
Foreman班长
Engineer工程师
Trainer 培训师
Coordinator 协调员
Staff/Officer 职员
Basamuk Refinery BSK冶炼厂区域
Kurumbukari Mine KBK矿山区域
Madang Base Madang 区域
Production Departments生产部门:
Kurumbukari Mine Site(KBK)矿山部
Basamuk Refinery Plant(BSK)冶炼厂
Service Departments职能部门:
Corporate Office（CO）公司办公室
Beijing Branch Office(BJO)北京办事处
Port Moresby Branch Office(POM)莫尔斯比港办事处
Brisbane Branch Office(BNE)布里斯班办事处
Development and Planning Department(DP)发展规划部
Equipment Department(ED)设备部
Technical Modification Department(EM)技术改造部
Accounting and Treasury Department(ATD)财务部
Financing Department（FD）融资部
Contract and Budget Management Department(CB)合同预算部
Procurement and Sales Department(PS)采购销售部
Audit Department(AD)审计部
Administration Department(AD)行政管理部
Basamuk Administration Department(BAD)Basamuk综合管理部
Health Safety and Environment Department(HSE)(HSE Corporate)HSE管理部
Human Resource Department(HR)人力资源部
Community Affairs Department(CA)地方关系部
Information and Technology Management Department(ITM)技术信息管理部
Note: Do not use “Dept.” in main text, e.g.in the Monthly JV Report, we use “CA Department” instead of “CA Dept.” “Dept.”is usually used in tables, figures, etc.where brevity is virtue.
KBK Region KBK区域:
Mining Section采矿作业区
De-agglomeration Plant/Washing Plant供水和洗矿作业区
（Water Resource Area水源地）
Beneficiation Plant选矿作业区
Pipeline Engineering Maintenance Section管道工程维修作业区
Dispatch Office调度室
Geology and Survey Office地测室
Fixed Equipment Maintenance Section固定设备维修作业区
Mobile Equipment Maintenance Section移动设备维修作业区
Power and Instrument Section电仪作业区
Warehouse 仓储作业区
HSE Supervision Office HSE(现场)监察室
Engineering Management Office工程管理室
KBK Laboratory（KBK Lab）KBK 化验室
KBK Administration Office KBK综合管理办公室
KBK Laboratory（KBK Lab）KBK 化验室
Emergence Response Team(ERT)应急队
Basamuk Region BSK区域
BSK Refinery Office冶炼厂办公室
BSK Process Office 冶炼厂工艺室
HSE Supervision Office(HSE Site)HSE监察室
High Pressure Acid Leaching Section(HPAL)高压酸浸作业区
Neutralization and Product Section中和产品作业区
Power Plant 电力作业区（电厂）
Instrument Section仪表作业区
Water and Steam SupplySection水汽作业区
Limestone Section石灰石作业区
(Limestone Quarry 石灰石矿+ Lime Plant石灰石厂)
Acid Plant制酸作业区（酸厂）
Fixed Equipment Maintenance Section固定设备维修作业区
Mobile Equipment Maintenance Section移动设备维修作业区
BSK Port BSK港口
BSK Laboratory（BSK Lab）BSK 化验室
Emergence Response Team(ERT)应急队
I.Others:Consultant 顾问
Contractor 服务商
Vender Representative/Reps 厂代
II.Grammar 1.ArticlesA.Cases of No Articles before Nounsü Not referring particularly to a certain season, month, weekday or meal.用于非特指的季节、月份、星期及三餐等名称前。
E.g.Monday comes before Tuesday.星期二在星期一之后。
Wont you stay for lunch? 留在这儿吃午饭好吗?
ü Before ball games or chess games and name of holidays with “day” in it.用于球类棋类和游戏以及含 day 的节日前。
E.g.Used you to play football? 你过去常踢足球吗?
New Year’s Day is a holiday for everyone.元旦是所有人的节日。
ü Before the name of a unique position which is serving as predictive，complement, or complement.用于作表语、补语、同位语的惟一职位名词前。
E.g.John is captain of the team.约翰是足球队的队长。
They elected him president of the society.他们选他为协会会长。
ü Before single nouns that serve as predicative after “turn/go”
用于表示“变成”的 turn / go 后作表语的单数名词前。
E.g.He was a teacher before he turned writer.他成为作家之前是教师。
Britain went Labour(i.e changed politically by electing a Labour government)in 1945.1945年英国转由工党执政.ü Before single noun used in concession inversion sentences
用于让步倒装的单数可数名词前。
E.g.Child as he is, he knows a lot.他虽然是个孩子，但已经很懂事了。
ü after a kind/sort…of
用于 a kind / sort / type / form / variety of 后的名词前。
E.g.He is too young for that kind of job.他太年轻不适合做那工作。
This sort of thing can’t go on!这样的事不能再进行下去了。
ü Before single noun of study, living, entertainment, etc.referring to the activities.用于某些表示学习、生活、娱乐等的单数名词前，表示相关的活动。
E.g.go to school(bed, church, town, class, college, etc)去上学(睡觉，做礼拜，进城，上课，上大学，等)
in bed(school, class, college, church, prison, hospital, etc)在睡觉(上学，上课，上大学，做礼拜，坐牢，住院，等)
注：若不是指活动，而是指具体的实物，则要用冠词。比较：
go to the bed 到床边去(侧重指“床”这个实体)
go to bed 上床睡觉(侧重指与“床”有关的活动，即睡觉)
ü In prepositional phrase
用于某些用介词 by 构成的表方式的短语中
E.g.by bus 乘公共汽车 by plane / by air乘飞机 by land 走陆路 by sea 走海路 by phone 用电话 by letter 用信件
by post 用邮寄 by hand 用手工
ü Before general mass nouns, abstract nouns, proper nouns, and plural nouns of general reference.用于表示泛指或一般意义的物质名词、抽象名词、专有名词、复数名词等之前。
E.g.Knowledge begins with practice.认识从实践开始。
Smith lives in London.史密斯住在伦敦。
Teachers should be respected.教师应该受到尊重。
ü In some absolute construction
用于某些独立结构中。
E.g.The teacher came in, book in hand.老师走了进来，手里拿着书。
B.Definite Articlesü To refer particular to sth/sb表示特指：
Where are the other students? 其他同学在哪里?
Pass me the magazine on the desk.请把桌上的杂志递给我。
ü Sth/sb unique表示独一无二的人或事物：
The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。
ü directions表方向或方位:
The sun rises in the east.红太阳从东方升起。
ü The+single noun referring a type用于单数名词前表示类别：
I hate the telephone.我讨厌电话。
The lion is a wild animal.狮子是一种野生动物。
Note：sometimes used before adjectives to refer to a category有时用于形容词前表示类别：
The rich are not always happier than the poor.富人并不总是比穷人过得开心。
The British are very proud of their sense of humor.英国人为自己的幽默感自豪。
ü Before ordinal number and superlative用于序数词或最高级前：
You will be the first to speak.你将第一个发言。
He was considered to be the best player.他被公认为是最佳选手。
Note：The definite article can be omitted before ordinal of ranking and superlative of adverbs.表示名次的序数词前的定冠词以及副词最高级前的定冠词通常可以省略。
He took(the)first place.他获得了第一名。
She works(the)hardest.她工作最努力。
ü Before instrument用于乐器名词, eg：
He plays the piano very well.他的钢琴弹得很好。
ü Before plural of surnames用于姓氏的复数前：
The Greens have no children.格林夫妇没有小孩。
The Smiths live next to us.史密斯一家就住在我们隔壁。
ü Before part of human body or clothes, etc.previously mentioned用来代替前
面已提到的人的身体部位或衣着等的一部分：
He hit her on the nose.他打了她的鼻子。
ü Used before plural nouns such as twenties, thirties, forties, etc.用于逢整十数词的复数前：
He got married in the fifties.他五十年代结婚。
ü Before rivers, seas, mountains用于江、河、海、洋、山等前：
The Yellow River is Chinas second longest river.黄河是中国第二大河。
ü Before proper nouns made of common nouns用于由普通名词构成的专有 名词前：
The secretary has booked the manager in at the Hilton Hotel.秘书已经在希尔顿大酒店为经理预定了房间。
Note: In the case of Ramu, “the” can be used or omitted before larger areas or departments, the difference lies in the tones.Eg.The tone of CA Department is harsher than that of The CA Department.But for smaller areas like the sections, “the” is better to be used, e.g.the Acid Plant.
C.Indefinite Articlesü Refers to any one of a type(of people or things), 泛指一类人或物中的一个：
A bird has wings.鸟有翅膀。
A teacher shouldn’t talk like that.教师不应当这样讲话。
The police caught a thief.警察抓了一个小偷。
ü Refers to the quantity “one”(not comparing with two, or three,etc.), 表示数量“一”(但不与 two, three 等相对比)：
It took me a year to save up for a new coat.我用了一年时间才省出钱买一件新大衣。
ü Per in price, time, money,表示价钱、时间、速度等的“每一”(=per)：
We meet twice a week.我们每星期碰两次头。
They are sold at two dollars a dozen.他们的售价是每打两美元。
ü Another,用于序数词前表示“又一”、“再一”:
Well have to do it a second time.我们得再做一次。
We have put forward a third plan.他们已提出了第三个方案。
ü A cup/glass/…of,在某些物质名词前表示“一杯 / 罐 / 瓶”：
A coffee / tea / beer, please.请来杯咖啡 / 茶 / 啤酒。
ü Materialized abstract nouns,用于具体化了的抽象名词前：
He was a success in business.他事业成功。
It’s a pleasure to talk with you.同你谈话是件令人愉快的事。
ü A certain,在专有名词前表示“某一个”、“类似的一个”：
A Mr.Smith wants to see you.一位名叫史密斯先生的人想见你。
He thought he was a Zhu Geliang.他自以为是诸葛亮。
ü =the same,用于 of 短语中表示“同一”：
Tom and Kate are of an age.汤姆与凯特同年。
2.NOUNSA.Capitalizationü beginning of a sentence每个句子的首单词的首字母要大写。
ü first letter and substantives in title标题第一个单词和实词首字母都要大写: The Story about My Family
ü proper noun, name, place, generic terms, etc.专有名词的每一个单词的首字母都要大写，包括人名，地名，特有名词，专业术语等，e.g.English, Backstreet Boys, Mike, Beijing, Bible, Nike, Adidas.ü Abbreviations, 缩写词都必须大写，e.g.BBC，VOA，PLA, WTO。
When in informal context, either capitalization or not is acceptable, but “.” should be added between the letters to avoid confusion, e.g.the Korean musical band “h.o.t”.非正式文件中大小写随意，但是中间要加点。如韩国一个知名组合HOT也可以写成h.o.t,小写的时候加点，是为了和hot(热)这个词区分，避免意义上的混淆
ü Full title of very formal articles, esp.government white papers.一些很正式的文体的title全部大写.比如政府白皮书之类的封面标题，前注，经常是全部大写的.ü To highlight in informal context.非正式文件中起强调作用: I did NOT eat your cake.ü The first person pronoun “I”.单词I(我的主格)永远用大写.
B.Single and Pluralstaff, plural noun, e.g.We need more staff in the office.employee, single noun, e.g.The firm has over 500 employees.equipment, uncountable noun, e.g.a useful piece of equipment for the kitchen
3.Punctuation A.The comma(,)ü Use a comma before coordinating conjunctions（并列连词）linking main clauses.E.g.PNG customs officers arrived at BSK port, and they would visit the Refinery.But when a coordination conjunction links words or phrases, do not use a comma:
E.g.plays and sings Chinese and National stuff
ü Use a comma to set off most introductory elements(引导词):
E.g.Concerned, other researchers deny the claim.Production was resumed soon after the earthquake.However, the slurry pipeline was damaged by flood caused by heavy rain.The comma after a short subordinate clause or prepositional phrase may be mitted if its omission does not create confusion(but using a comma there is never wrong):
E.g.In 2012(,)the load commissioning starts.ü Use a comma or commas to set off nonrestrictive elements: When a nonrestrictive element falls in the middle of a sentence, be sure to set it off with a pair of commas, one before and one after the element:
E.g.The company, which is located in PNG, has an excellent reputation.ü A comma or commas should be used when the nonrestrictive phrases and subordinate clauses functioning as adjectives as well as the nonrestrictive appositives drop into a sentence:
E.g.She worked at Madang, helping to translate the paper materials.Toni Morrison’s fifth novel, Beloved, won the Pulitzer Prize in 1988.Set off the parenthetical expressions with commas:
E.g.The production, perhaps surprisingly, increased by 6%.ü Note: a.Use that only in a restrictive clause, never in a nonrestrictive clause: E.g.… company, which [not that] was affiliated with metallurgy industry….ü Do not use a pair of comma in a restrictive appositive(同位语):
E.g.Morrison’s novel The Bluest Eye is about an African American girl who longs for blue eyes.[Morrison has written more than one novel, so the title is essential to identify the intended one.]
ü When a transitional expression(however, for example, in fact, of course, indeed …)links main clauses, precede it with a semicolon(;)and follow it with a comma:
E.g.The new employees would arrive at the Refinery on September 12 as per the schedule;in fact, they were delayed because of the bad weather.ü A few transitional expressions, notably therefore and instead, do not need commas when they fall inside or at the ends of clauses:
E.g.National workers thus put in more work days.But the days themselves may be shorter.ü The nonrestrictive element may modify or rename the word it refers to, but it does not limit the word to a particular individual or group.The meaning of the word would still be clear if the element were deleted.However, if the restrictive element were deleted, the meaning of the word will be confusing.ü Use commas between items in a series:
E.g.The staff in Beijing, Madang, BSK Refinery, and KBK Mine put their hearts into their work.ü Use commas between two or more adjectives that equally modify the same word:
E.g.The clean, spacious room is the workers’ dining hall.But when the adjective nearer the noun is more closely related to the noun in meaning, the adjectives should not be separated by commas:
E.g.He works in BSK Refinery, handling various odd affairs.ü Use commas in dates, addresses, place names, and long numbers:
E.g.Interlock water commissioning of HPAL Train #1 commenced on Monday, March 19, 2012, in preparation for loading commissioning.KBK, PNG, is the location of the Mine.ü Use the comma to separate the figures in long numbers into groups of three, counting from the right.With numbers of four digits, the comma is optional:
E.g.The procurement contract of 20, 000 tons of sulfuric acid has been reviewed.A kilometer is 3, 281 feet(or 3281 feet).Note: a.Do not use commas between the parts of a date in inverted order(15 December 2011)or in dates consisting of a month or season and a year(December 2011).ü Do not use a comma between a state and a zip code:
E.g.220 Cornell Road, Woodside, California 94062
ü Use commas with quotations according to standard practice:
If the structure of the sentences is: sb say/write/…+ “ ”(the content of the quotation), you should use a comma after the verb, and a period at the end of the quotation in the quotation marks:
E.g.The engineer said, “The autoclave works well.”
If the structure is: “ ”(the content of the quotation)+ say/write/… sb, you should use a comma at the end of the quotation in the quotation marks:
E.g.“We should organize the preparation for unloading the coming acid,” the manager said.When explanatory words are between the quotation sentences, and do not interrupt the main clauses, use commas after the explanatory words:
E.g.“The shore has a dual nature,” observed the delegation leader, “changing with the swing of tide.”
When explanatory words interrupt a quotation between main clauses, follow the explanatory words with a semicolon or a period:
E.g.“That part of my life was over,” she wrote.“His words had sealed it shut.”
“That part of my life was over,” she wrote;“his words had sealed it shut.”
Note: a.Do not use a comma when identifying words follow a quotation ending in an exclamation point o r a question mark:
E.g.“When did MOA Quarterly review meeting start?” he asked
ü Do not use a comma with a quotation that is integrated into your sentence structure, including one introduced by that:
E.g.He thought that the violence of a riot “had been devised as a corrective” to his own violence.ü Do not use a comma with a quoted title unless it is a nonrestrictive appositive: E.g.The Beatles recorded “She Loves Me” in the early 1960s.
B.The Semicolon(;)ü When no coordinating conjunction(and, but…)links two main clauses, the clauses should be separated by a semicolon:
E.g.The Mine and Refinery continued carrying out the safety awareness;many workers and local people attended it.ü Use a semicolon between main clauses related by however, for example, and so on:
E.g.The new employees would arrive at the Refinery on September 12 as per the schedule;eventually, they were delayed because of bad weather.ü The position of the semicolon between main clauses never changes, but the conjunctive adverb or transitional expression may move around within the second clause.Wherever the adverb or expression falls, it is usually set off with a comma or commas:
E.g.The new employees would arrive at the Refinery on September 12 as per the schedule;they were delayed because of the bad weather, however.ü Use semicolons between main clauses or series items containing commas: e.g.The workers in the office are Jill, the manager;Joyce, the lawyer;Eva, the assistant.
C.The Colon(:)ü Use a colon to introduce a concluding explanation, series, appositive, or long or formal quotation
E.g.The definition of soul food may be the following: the ethnic cooking of African Americans.ü Two causes have been given for the landslide: the heavy rain and the vegetation deterioration.Namely, that is, and other expressions that introduce appositives follow the colon:
E.g.Soul food has one disadvantage: namely, fat.ü Use a colon after the salutation of a business letter, between a title and subtitle, between division of time, in biblical citations, and in expressing scores: E.g.Dear Prime Minister:
Charles Dickens: An Introduction to His Novels
12:37(time)1 Corinthians 3:6-7(Biblical citation)
China beat Japan 3:1 in the women’s volleyball tournament.Note: Use the colon only at the end of a main clause.Do not use the colon after such as and including.
D.Dash(--):In your papers, form a dash with two hyphens.Do not add extra space before, after, or between the hyphens.ü The dash signals a shift, insertion, or break:
E.g.The rotary kiln—if it is maintained well—can be used next week.ü Dashes may be used instead of comma as the set off and emphasize modifiers, parenthetical expressions, and other nonrestrictive elements, especially when the elements are internally punctuated:
E.g.The machines—the autoclave, the sulfur conveyor, and the log washer—are in use.Lack of safety awareness, fatigue, working without PPE, carelessness—all these may cause lost time incidents.Note: Too many dashes can make writing jumpy or breathy.Do not overuse dashes.
4.Numbers and Date A.Numbersü Use numerals according to standard practice in the field you are writing in:
Always use numerals for numbers that require more than two words to spell out:
E.g.KBK Mine has mined 52, 600 tons of ROM ore.ü Use numerals for all numbers over ten in much business writing: five workers, 11 rooms.ü And use numerals for zero through nine when they refer to exact measurements: 2 liters, 3 hours.Note: Use a combination of numerals and words for round numbers over a million: 34 million, 5.67 billion.And use either all numerals or all words when several numbers appear together in a passage.ü Use numerals according to convention for dates, addresses, and other information: e.g.June 35, 2012 455 Clinton Avenue
$78 million 17:28
Note: Round dollar or cent amounts of only a few words may be expressed in words: seventeen dollars;sixty cents.When the word o’clock is used for the time of day, also express the number in words: two o’clock(not 2 o’clock).ü Spell out numbers that begin sentences:
For clarity, spell out any number that begins s sentence.If the number requires more than two words, reword the sentence so that the number falls later and can be expressed as a numeral:
E.g.A cargo ship with 40, 000 tons of acid will arrive at BSK Refinery.(√)
40, 000 tons of acid will arrive at BSK Refinery.(X)
B.Date format规则rules | 举例e.g. | 英式 UK | 美式 US |
写法 written | 1996年4月22日 | 22nd April 1996 | April 22, 1996 （no appendix like nd for 22nd） |
读法 pronunciation | the twenty-second of April, nineteen eighty-seven； | April the twenty-second, nineteen eighty-seven | |
数字表达 Numbers （easy to cause confusion, not recommended） | 1987年4月22日 | 22/4/87 (dd/mm/yy) | 4/22/87 (mm/dd/yy) |
1998年8月1日 | 01.08.1998 (dd.mm.yyyy) | 08,01,1998 (mm,dd,yyyy) |
Morning: a.m.：thirteen past six a.m.（上午六点十三分）
Afternoon: p.m.：four oclock p.m.（下午四点）
Note: Sequence **时间日期顺序：
Eg.The event took place on 24 April at 3 pm
The manuscript bears the date 10 April 1937.手稿上注着1937年4月10日
on Monday, March 19, 2012
D.Serial NumberNumber: abbrs No., no;US symb # , used before a figure to indicate the place of sth in a series(用於数字前表示某物在某一系列中的位置):
Room number 145 is on the third floor of the hotel.145号房间在旅馆的四楼.Hes living at No.4, ie house number four.他住在4号.No.10(Downing Street)is the official residence of the British Prime Minister.（唐宁街）10号是英国首相府.
Ø HPAL Train 1
#2 Acid System
III.E-mail WritingE-mail is very efficient way of quickly sending messages, and may include digital documents or scanned images, or even sounds, as attachments.
1.Style and ContentThe only inconvenience of e-mails is that the recipient cannot always control the format of the mail received: lines tend to be long and the characters small and that may make the text uncomfortable to read.For this reason, e-mails should be brief and, when writing long massages or letters, it may be better to use a word processor and e-mail a document as an attachment.E-mails can be as formal as a letter or even less formal than a memo.If writing to a client or a customer, an e-mail should be treated just as if it were a letter.If writing to colleagues or people with whom you are in friendly terms, you can relax on your language and even be a little casual with things like spelling and punctuation.You have to be the judge on how formal or informal you need to be but, to be on the safe side, you may want to intimate the style of the person you are in communication with.
2.Tips on EtiquetteEmail speeds from screen to screen.Nevertheless, it is communication between human beings.To be successful, it must be both efficient and considerate.ü Begin with a precise subject.Write “two changes in your PNG itinerary’’ not “travel update”.Never leave the subject blank.If you are not sure what the subject is, you are not ready to send a message.ü Think before you type.Decided why you are writing and what you want your readers to do.Then organize your thoughts.Do not expect your readers to do the thinking for you.ü Get to the point in the first two or three sentences.Be clear about your purpose, do not keep your reader guessing.ü Include your name and contact information at the end of your message.Without it , readers may not recognize you as the writer, and they may be unable to reach you by phone or fax.ü Keep your promise.Attach documents when you say you will, and be sure to attach the correct versions.Test hyperlinks to be sure they can be correct and active.ü Use standard punctuation, spelling, and capitalization to help readers understand our message quickly.ü Change paragraphs when you change ideas.One-sentence paragraphs are acceptable.ü Always insert blank line between paragraphs.Big blocks of text intimidate readers.Intimidation=unread message.ü Press reply to say thanks only when the message merits a thank you or the sender needs acknowledgment that you received the message.ü Never criticize or blame in email.After you press send, you have no control over how the message is received and understood.ü Review messages before forwarding them.Be sure nothing in them will embarrass the writer or readers.ü Avoid smiley faces and clever emoticons like this one: :).your reader may think such symbols are unprofessional.ü Tell readers if you expect action from them.People read email too fast to guess at requests implied between the lines.If possible, include your request in the first lines of text so they cannot miss it.ü Everyone has enough to read.Avoid copying people on messages they donot want or need.ü Do not send a blank message with a file attached unless your subject explains the attachment.Readers often delete such messages, especially from outside the firm.ü Learn the preference of people you write to often.Does your manager want background or just the facts?
ü Reply promptly, considering the urgency and importance of the message.ü After using your grammar and spelling checker, proofread.Then forgive your errors and those of others.Despite our electronic communications, we are all human.
IV.Letter Writing1.The SolutionThe one thing that should be mentioned right away is that in British and international correspondence the salutation is followed by a comma.Americans, on the other hand, prefer a colon.Nowadays we use the term “Ms” for both married and unmarried women.However, some women still prefer to be called “Mrs” or even “Miss”, and you should therefore pay attention to how the writer signs herself.
Dear Sir or Madam,Dear Sir/Madam | When you do not know the name and the gender of the person you are writing to. |
Dear Mr.Brown,Dear Ms Brown, | When you do know the name.When you know for sure from the signature |
Dear Prof.Brown,Dear Doc.Brown | Professor When the person has a title of Doctor |
Sirs, Madams | When writing to more than one person of the same gender |
Dear Bob, Dear Mary | When you are on first name terms |
To whom it may concern | When you do not know exactly who your letter will be read by |
1.RevisingOne of the following techniques may help you see your work objectively:
ü Take a break after finishing the draft to pursue some other activity.A few hours may be enough;a whole night or day is preferable.ü Ask your colleague to read and react to your draft.ü Print your draft on paper.You’ll be able to view all pages of the draft at once, and the different medium can reveal weaknesses you didnt see on screen.ü Outline your draft.While reading it, highlight the main points supporting the thesis.Copy and paste these sentences separately in outline form.Then examine the outline youve made for logical order, gaps, and digressions.A formal outline can be especially illuminating because of its careful structure.ü Listen to your draft: read it out loud, read it into a recorder and play, or have someone read the draft to you.Checklist for Revision
Purpose | What is the essay’s purpose? Does that purpose confirm to the assignment? Is it consistent through the paper? | |
Thesis | What is the thesis of the essay? Where does it become clear? How well do the thesis and paper match? Does paper stray from the thesis? | |
Structure | What are the main points of the paper?(List them)how well does each support the thesis? How effective is their arrangement for the paper’s purpose? | |
Development | How well do details, examples, and other evidence support each main point? Where, if at all, might readers find support skimpy or have trouble understanding the content? | |
tone | What is the tone of the paper? How do particular words and sentences structures create the tones? How appropriate is it for the purpose, topic, and intended readers? Where is it most or least successful? | |
Unity | What does each sentence and paragraph contribute to the thesis? Where, if at all, do digressions occur? Should these be cut, or can they be rewritten to support the thesis? | |
Coherence | How clearly and smoothly does the paper flow? Where does it seem rough or awkward? Can any transitions be improved? | |
Title, introduction, conclusion | How accurately and interestingly does the title reflect the essay’s content? How well does the introduction engage and focus reader’s attention? How effective is the conclusion in providing a sentence of completion. |
The revision stage is a good time to consider a title because attempting to sum up your essay in a phrase can focus your attention sharply on your topic, purpose, and audience.
2.Editing and ProofreadingAfter youve revised your essay so that all the content is in place, then turn to the important work of removing any surface problems that could interfere with a readers understanding or enjoyment of your ideas.Try these approaches to discover what needs editing:
ü Take a break, even fifteen or twenty minutes, to clear your head.ü Read the draft slowly, and read what you actually see.Otherwise, youre likely to read what you intended to write but didnt.ü As you read the draft, imagine yourself encountering it for the first time, as a reader will.ü As when revising, read the draft aloud, preferably into a recorder, listening for awkward rhythms, repetitive sentence patterns, and missing or clumsy transitions.ü Learn from your own experience.Keep a record of the problems that others have pointed out in your writing.When editing, check your work against this record.In your editing, work first for clarity and a smooth movement among sentences and then for correctness.Use the questions in the checklist on the preceding page to guide your editing, referring to the page numbers in parentheses as needed.
Checklist for Editing
To increase the accuracy of your proofreading, you may need to experiment with ways to keep yourself from relaxing into the rhythm and the content of your prose.Here are a few tricks, including some used by professional proofreaders:
ü Read printed copy, even if you will eventually submit the paper electronically.Most people proofread more accurately when reading type on paper than when reading it on a computer screen.(At the same time, don’t view the printed copy as necessarily error-free just because its clean.Clean-looking copy may still harbor errors.)
ü Read the paper aloud, very slowly, and distinctly pronounce exactly what you see.ü Place a ruler under each line as you read it.ü Take steps to keep the content of your writing from distracting you while you proofread.Read the essay backward, end to beginning, examining each sentence as a separate unit.Or, taking advantage of a computer, isolate each paragraph from its context by printing it on a separate page.(Of course, reassemble the paragraphs before submitting the paper.
VII.Syntax Points1.SentenceRegarding grammar, all you need to do, is get a sense of how the language works and understand the mechanism.That will not guarantee that you immediately improve your language, but it will facilitate your job in the long run.ü Sentences.you construct sentences by using the different kinds of words of works according to their function and the rules of grammar.ü Clause.A clause is a basic sentence that contains at least one subject and one verb.ü Linking sentence with conjunctions.Link words can be used to either add to or contradict(say the opposite of)what was said before.Some should normally not be used at the beginning of a sentence but only to link simple sentences a complex sentence.Some can link simple sentences only if preceded by a conjunction, while others can be used for both simple and complex sentences, as indicated below.
Link words used to add to what was said before. | Link words used to contradict what was said before. | |||||
and...because...or... | also...in addition [to that]...on top of that...furthermore...consequently...in that case...fortunately...to put it simply...in simple words...in other words... | since...as...after all...therefore...before after then... | but... | alternatively...unfortunately...in contrast to this...on the other hand... | while...whereas...[al]though...even if...in spite of...or else...otherwise...yet...nevertheless...however... | |
Note that since, as, while, whereas, [al]though, even if, in spite of and or else, when used to link simple sentences, can appear both at the beginning or in the middle of the sentence. | ||||||
I do | usually, sometimes etc. | |
I am doing | now, or at a time around now | |
I did | at a point in time that is now finished | |
I was doing | during a period of time that is now finished | |
I have done | at an indefinite time between the remote past and now | |
I have been doing | for a period of time until now | |
I had done | before another event in the past | |
I had been doing | for a period of time before another event in the past | |
I will(am going to)do | in the future | |
I will(am going to)be doing | at a particular point during a period of time in the future | |
I will(am going to)have done | after I complete something that I will do in the future | |
I will(am going to)have been doing. | for a period of time until I finish it |
Different from the historical present tense in literature writing, news articles are written in Journalistic present tense.There are generally three tenses for titles of news articles: present, future and present continuous. The present tense refers to what happened in the past to increase freshness, immediacy, and reality of the report.E.g.COMEBACK GIVES CHINA A SENSATIONAL THOMAS CUP WIN（＝THE COMEBACK GAVE CHINA A SENSATIONAL THOMAS CUP WIN）中国队反败为胜荣获汤姆斯杯 The future tense is expressed by “will+ verb”or more often “(be)to verb”(be is often ommitted)： The present continous is used for what is going on.The “be”in“be +verbing”is often obmitted: SIGNS OF RIFTS APPEARING IN ARGENTINAS JUNTA（＝THE SIGNs OF RIFTS ARE APPEARING IN ARGENTINAS JUNTA）阿根廷军人政府出现内讧迹象 |
Meeting Minutes | Weekly Bulletin | Monthly Report | Garamut | ||
题目title | 宋体二号粗 | ||||
小标题 subtitle | 仿宋小三粗 | 宋体二号粗 | 仿宋小四粗 | ||
正文text | 仿宋小三 | 宋体四号 | |||
其他others | 单倍行距 | 单倍行距 | 1.5倍行距 | ||
English | 题目title | Centur四号粗 | |||
小标题 subtitle | Calibri 二号 | Arial 小四粗 | 11粗 | ||
正文text | Arial小四 | Calibri 四号 | Arial 小四 | Times.小四 | |
其他others | 单倍行距single space | 1.5行距 | 单倍行距single space |
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