第一篇：2012年高考英语《情态动词和虚拟语气》教案
《情态动词和虚拟语气》教案
一、教学目标
1、情态动词的常见考点；
2、虚拟语气的常见考点。
二、教学重难点
1、教学重点：情态动词的常见考点；虚拟语气的常见考点。
2、教学难点：虚拟语气的常见考点。
三、教学过程
（一）问题排行榜（Hit the charts）
1、情态动词的常见考点都有哪些？
2、虚拟语气的常见考点都有哪些？
（二）攻克难点（Overcome difficulties）
情态动词与虚拟语气是高中语法学习的难点和重点。高考英语完成句子对情态动词的考查主要涉及常见情态动词的基本用法，特别侧重于情态动词表推测的用法和特殊结构中情态动词的应用。
高考完成句子对虚拟语气的考查重点在于根据句子的语境灵活多样地运用虚拟语气，宾语从句中虚拟语气的应用，交际用语中为表委婉而使用的虚拟语气，含蓄条件句中的虚拟语气，以及特殊句型中的虚拟语气等。
五年高考已考测试点：情态动词与完成式；宾语从句、同位语从句、条件句中的虚拟语气；情态动词的推测功能；should/can等情态动词的基本用法。
1、情态动词的常见考点都有哪些？ 考点一 情态动词与完成式
“情态动词＋have＋过去分词 ”结构是情态动词专项考查的难点和重点，记住以下最常考查的结构： ①must have done 过去一定做了某事
②can’t/couldn’t have done 过去不可能做了某事 ③may/might have done 过去可能做了某事
④needn’t have done本来没有必要做而实际做了某事 ⑤could have done本来能够做而实际没有做某事
⑥should/ought to have done本来应该做而实际没有做某事
⑦shouldn't/oughtn't to have done本来不该做而实际做了某事 考点二 情态动词的推测功能
can，could，may，might，must 皆可表示推测，使用时要注意以下几点：
① 注意语气。语气较强用must, cannot，couldn't；语气较弱may，might或can，could;② 注意句式。在肯定句中，一般用may，might，must；在否定句、疑问句中常用can，could；
③ 注意时态。表示对现在或将来的情况的推测，此时通常用“情态动词＋ 动词原形”结构；表示对现在或将来正在进行的情况进行推测，通常用“情态动词＋进行式”结构；表示对过去情况的推测，通常用“情态动词＋完成式”结构。
考点三 shall的三种用法
① 表说话人的意图。在陈述句中主语是第二﹑三人称，表说话者给对方的承诺﹑决心﹑警告、威胁等。
②征求对方的意见或向对方提出请求时，主语为第一、三人称的疑问句。③表示强制。用于法令条约、规章中，意为“必须，应该”。考点四 一些情态动词的特殊用法
1.①cannot(never等否定词)„too＝cannot„adj./adv.enough 再„„也不为过
②can’t(help/choose)but do„ 只好做/不得不做„„ ③can't help(to)do不能帮忙做 ④can't help doing情不自禁做 ⑤can't/couldn't agree more 十分赞成 ⑥it can't/couldn't be better 十分好，非常好 2.① may 用于祈使句，表示祝愿。
② may well完全能，很可能=to be very likely to ③ might/ may as well最好，满可以，倒不如，还是„„的好
3.must有时表示 “偏要，偏偏”，也可作名词，意为“必须做的事情”。4.should可作“竟然、万一”解。Why/How+should结构表说话人对某事不能理解，感到意外、惊异等，意为“竟会”。
5.dare作情态动词时，还可用于条件句中，过去式为dared；作行为动词时，dare用于疑问句或否定句，后面的to也可省略；I dare say是习惯说法，意为“我想，大概”。
2、虚拟语气的常见考点都有哪些？ 考点一 虚拟语气的基本用法
①与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，基本结构为：主语＋should/would/could„＋动词原形＋其他成分＋if＋主语＋动词的一般过去时(be动词用were)＋其他成分。
②与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，基本结构为：主语＋should/would/could„＋have done＋其他成分＋if＋主语＋动词的过去完成时＋其他成分。③与将来事实相反的虚拟语气，基本结构为：主语＋should/would/could„＋动词原形＋其他成分＋if＋主语＋动词的一般过去时/should do/were to do＋其他成分。考点二 含蓄虚拟条件句
这样的虚拟句不含有代替。
考点三 主从句时间不一致的虚拟条件句
在有些虚拟条件句中，主从句时间不一致，应根据不同情况区别对待。考点四 名词性从句中的虚拟语气
在含有表示坚持、建议、命令、要求等含义的名词性从句和在it作形式宾语或形式主语的复合句中，宾语补足语是necessary/strange/essential/natural/a pity/a shame等表示“惊奇、惋惜或者理应如此”等含义时，从句中的谓语动词需用“should＋动词原形”，其中should可以省略。
考点五 wish/if only/would rather从句中的虚拟语气
wish，would rather引导的宾语从句及if only所引导的从句，须用虚拟语气，即从句用一般过去时(be用were)表示与现在或将来的事实不符；从句用过去完成时，表示与过去事实不符。
（三）方法列举（List methods）
1、虚拟语气
考点一 虚拟语气的基本用法 1.与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，例如：
If it were not for the fact that she ______ sing，I would invite her to the party.A.couldn’t B.shouldn’t C.can’t D.might not
if从句，而是以but for/with/without/but/or/otherwise等介词、副词、连词等等引导的句子来
2.与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，例如：
If the weather had been better，we could have had a picnic.But it ______ all day.A.rained B.rains C.has rained D.is raining 3.与将来事实相反的虚拟语气，例如：
If I ______ plan to do anything I want to，I’d like to go to Tibet and travel through as much of it as possible.A.would B.could C.had to D.ought to 考点二 含蓄虚拟条件句
Thank you for all your hard work last week.I don’t think we ______ it without you.A.can manage B.could have managed C.could managed D.can have managed 考点三 主从句时间不一致的虚拟条件句
It’s hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I ______ in love，at the age of seven，with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown.A.wouldn’t have fallen B.had not fallen C.should fall D.were to fall 考点四 名词性从句中的虚拟语气
—Don’t you think it necessary that he ______ to Miami but to New York？
—I agree，but the problem is ______ he has refused to.A.will not be sent;that B.not be sent;that C.should not be sent;what D.should not send;what 考点五 wish/if only/would rather从句中 的虚拟语气 Look at the trouble I’m in，if only I ______ your advice！A.followed B.would follow C.had followed D.should follow
2、情态动词
考点一 情态动词基本含义的考查
①The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone ______get out.A.had to B.would
C.was able to D.could ②When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon.—They ______be ready by 12:00.A.can B.should C.might D.need ③You can’t imagine that a well-behaved gentleman ______be so rude to a lady.A.might B.need C.should D.would 考点二 情态动词表示推测的考查
①Sorry, I’m late.I______have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again.A.might B.should C.can D.will ②My sister met him at the Grand Theatre yesterday afternoon,so he______your lecture.A.couldn’t have attended B.needn’t have attended C.mustn’t have attended D.shouldn’t have attended
③Mr.Bush is on time for everything.How ______it be that he was late for the opening ceremony? A.can B.should C.may D.must ④I heard they went skiing in the mountains last winter? —It ______true because there was little snow there.A.may not be B.won’t be C.couldn’t be D.mustn’t be 考点三 情态动词表示虚拟的考查
①There was a lot of fun at yesterday’s party.You______come, but why didn’t you? A.must have B.should C.need have D.ought to have ②I was really anxious about you.You ______home without a word.A.mustn’t leave B.shouldn’t have left C.couldn’t have left D.needn’t leave
③Oh, I’m not feeling well in the stomach.I ______so much fried chicken
just now.A.shouldn’t eat B.mustn’t have eaten C.shouldn’t have eaten D.mustn’t eat 考点四 情态动词与助动词混合考查
①Tom ,you didn’t come to the party last night? —I______, but I suddenly remembered I had homework to do.A.had to B.didn’t C.was going to D.wouldn’t
②Your phone number again? I______quite catch it.—It’s 86184867.A.didn’t B.couldn’t C.don’t D.can’t
（四）能力拓展（Develop skills）
1、【2011全国卷,32】They have arrived at lunchtime but their flight was delayed.A.will B.can C.must D.should 【答案】D 【考点】考查虚拟语气的用法。
【解析】句意为“他们本该午饭时到达，但他们的航班推迟了。”will have done将来可以完成；can have done可能做过„„吗？表示对过去行为的怀疑，用于疑问句；must have done一定做过某事，表示对过去事情的肯定推测；should have done本来应该做某事，而实际没做。but their flight was delayed这样的结果，说明他们本来该到达却没有到达，因此选D。
2、【2011全国卷II,8】If you smoke, please go outside.A.can B.should C.must D.may 【答案】C 【考点】考查情态动词的用法。
【解析】句意为“如果你非得要抽烟，请到外面去抽。”must(表示主张)一定要，坚持要。根据后一句please go outside的要求，选C。
3、【2011北京卷,24】——I don’t really like James.Why did you invite him? ——Don’t worry.He come.He said he wasn’t certain what his plans were.A.must not B.need not C.would not D.might not 【答案】D
【考点】考查情态动词的用法。
【解析】句意为“——我真不喜欢James。你为何请了他？——别担心。他可能来不了。他说他的计划还没安排好。”题干中的he wasn’t certain说明他可能不来，可能来，因此使用不完全否定might not。选D。
4、【2011北京卷,28】——Where are the children? The dinner’s going to be completely ruined.——I wish they always late.A.weren’t B.hadn’t been C.wouldn’t be D.wouldn’t have been 【答案】A 【考点】考查虚拟语气的用法。
【解析】句意为“——孩子们哪儿去了？这顿饭快要吃不起来了。——我但愿他们不要老是迟到。”wish引出虚拟语气，题干中出现always，从句虚拟使用一般过去时。选A。
5、【2011北京卷,30】Maybe if I science, and not literature then, I would be able to give you more help.A.studied B.would study C.had studied D.was studying 【答案】C 【考点】考查虚拟语气的用法。
【解析】句意为“或许当初我要是学了理科而不是文科，现在就能给你更多的帮助。”then表示过去的时间，if引导的从句是对过去的虚拟，因此使用过去完成时。选C。
6、【2011天津卷,15】I ______ sooner but I didn’t know that they were waiting for me.A.had come B.was coming C.would come D.would have come 【答案】D 【考点】考查虚拟语气的用法。
【解析】句意为“我本来可以早点来，但我真不知道他们在等我。”but I didn’t know表示了过去时间，因此前句是对过去的虚拟，用主语+should / would / could / might + have done表达，故选D。
7、【2011上海春招,27】Some young people these days just ______ go out of their homes to contact the real world.A.mustn’t B.won’t C.mightn’t D.shouldn’t 【答案】B
【考点】考查情态动词的用法。
【解析】句意为“现在一些年轻人就是不愿意走出家门接触真正的世界。”mustn’t禁止，不允许；won’t不愿意，就是不，偏不，具有主观性；mightn’t可能不；shouldn’t不应该。根据句意选B。
8、【2011江苏卷,34】——I left my handbag on the train, but luckily someone gave it to a railway official.——How unbelievable to get it back!I mean, someone ______ it.A.will have stolen B.might have stolen C.should have stolen D.must have stolen 【答案】B 【考点】考查虚拟语气的用法。
【解析】句意为“——我把我的手提包落在火车上了。但幸运的是，有人拾到交给了铁路部门。——失而复得，简直难以置信！我是说，本来可能有人会偷了去。”will have done将来可以完成，must have done一定做过某事，表示对过去事情的肯定推测，都与题意不符。should have done本来应该做某事，而实际没做，这就意味着希望有人偷包。might have stolen 过去可能做过，语气比较婉转或不肯定，根据句意选B。
（五）小结
（六）课后作业
1、复习一遍课堂摘记。
2、完成课堂尚未完成的练习。
3、复习情态动词的常见考点和虚拟语气的常见考点。
第二篇：高一英语情态动词与虚拟语气
高一英语情态动词与虚拟语气
选择题 1．A．can’t
． B．couldn’t
C．may not
D．might not ．
D．had been broken D．can’t;shouldn’t
2．A．breaks 3． B．has broken．C．were broken
．
A．won’t;can’tB．mustn’t;may C．shouldn’t;must
4．--Shall I tell John about it?
I’ve told him already． B．wouldn’t
C．mustn’t
D．shouldn’t
A．needn’t5．--Alice, why didn’t you come yesterday?
．
B．would B．would
C．was going to
C．could
D．did get out． D．was able to
A．hadA．had to
6．7．--When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon．
--They________ be ready by 12:00． A．can
B．shouldC．mightD．need
8．Peter_______ come with me tonight, but he’s not sure yet．
A．mustB．mayC．canD．will 9．--Will you stay for lunch?
--Sorry,________．My brother is coming to see me． A．I mustn’t
B．I can’t
C．I needn’t
D．I won’t
10．--Are you coming to Jeff’s party?
--I’m not sure．I_______ go to the concert instead． A．must
B．would
C．should
D．might
11．The two strangers talked as if they _______ friends for years．
—1—
A．should be
--Of course． B．would beC．have beenD．had been 12．--The room is so dirty, ________we clean it?
A．WillB．Shall
A．needn’tC．WouldD．Do 13．Michael_______ be a policeman, for he’s much too short． B．can’tC．shouldD．may
14．--Could I call you by your first name?
--Yes, you________．
A．willB．could
license________ take an eye test．
A．canB．mustC．wouldD．may
D．should C．mayD．might 15．According to the local regulations, anyone who intends to get a driver’s 16．I should have been there, but I ______not find the time． A．wouldB．couldC．might
17．--Write to me when you get home．--_______．
D．I can A．I mustB．I shouldC．I will
ceremony? 18．Mr Bush is on time for everything．How ________it be that he was late for the opening
A．canB．shouldC．mayD．must
19．You can’t imagine that a well-behaved gentleman_______be so rude to a lady.A．mightB．needC．shouldD．would
20．--I hear you’ve got a set of valuable Australian coins．_________I have a look?--Yes, certainly．
A．DoB．MayC．ShallD．Should
21．--Is John coming by train?
--He should, but he________not．He likes driving his car．
A．mustB．canC．need
papers have been collected．
—2— D．may 22．It has been announced that candidates_________remain in their seats until all the
A．canB．willC．mayD．shall
23．Naturally, after I told her what to do, my daughter_______ go and do the opposite!
A．mayB．canC．mustD．should
24．--I hear they went skiing in the mountains last winter．
--It_______ true because there was little snow there．
A．may not beB．won’t beC．couldn’t beD．mustn’t be
25．A left-luggage office is a place where bags__________ be left for a short time, especially at a railway station．
A．shouldB．canC．mustD．will
26．How_________ you say that you really understand the whole story if you have covered only part of the article?
A．canB．mustC．needD．may
27．--Who is the girl standing over there?
--Well, if you______ know, her name is Mabel．
A．mayB．canC．mustD．shall
28．“The interest_________ be divided into five parts, according to the agreement made by both sides,” declared the judge．
A．mayB．shouldC．mustD．shall
29．--I don’t mind telling you what I know．
--You_________.I’m not asking you for it．
A．mustn’tB．may notC．can’tD．needn’t
30．I________ pay Tracy a visit, but I am not sure whether I will have time this Sunday．
A．shouldB．mightC．wouldD．could
31．I often see lights in that empty house．Do you think I_______ report it to the police?
A．shouldB．mayC．willD．can
32．--Excuse me, but I want to use your computer to type a report．
--You________ have my computer if you don’t take care of it．
A．shan’tB．might notC．needn’tD．shouldn’t
33．--Excuse me ．Is this the right way to the Summer Palace?
—3—
--Sorry, I am not sure．But it________be．
A．mightB．willC．mustD．can
34．--Mum , I’ve been studying English since 8 o’clock．_________ I go out and play with Tom for a while.--No, I’m afraid not ．Besides , it’s raining outside now ．
A．Can’tB．Wouldn’tC．May notD．Won’t
35．Children under 12 years of age in that country________be under adult supervision when in a public library．
A．mustB．mayC．canD．need
36．--Isn’t that Ann’s husband over there?
--No, it__________be him--I’m sure he doesn’t wear glasses．
A．can’tB．must notC．won’tD．may not
37．You ________ be tired--you’ve only been working for an hour．
A．must notB．won ’t beC．can’tD．may not
38．--Tom graduated from college at a very young age．
--Oh, he________have been a very smart boy then．
A．couldB．shouldC．mightD．must
39．You might just as well tell the manufacturer that male customers ______ not like the design of the furniture．
A．mustB．shallC．mayD．need
40．Tom, you___________leave all your clothes on the floor like this!
A．wouldn’tB．mustn’tC．needn’tD．may not
D．Need 41．John, look at the time．___________you play the piano at such a late hour?A．MustB．CanC．May
it________ be very slow．
A．shouldB．mustC．willD．can 42．The World Wide Web is sometimes jokingly called the World Wide Wait because
43．--Lucy doesn’t mind lending you her dictionary．
--She_________．I’ve already borrowed one．
—4—
A．can’tB．mustn’tC．needn’tD．shouldn’t
44．--I’ve taken someone else’s green sweater by mistake．
--It_______Harry’s．He always wears green．
A．has to be
A．can’tB．will beC．mustn’t beD．could be 45．You know he is not going to let us leave early if we_______get the work done． B．may notC．shouldn’tD．mustn’t
46．--What’s the name?
--Khulaifi．________I spell that for you?
A．Shall
A．can’tB．WouldC．CanD．Might 47．There’s no light on--they_______be at home． B．mustn’tC．needn’tD．shouldn’t
48．--Mr Gordon asked me to remind you of the meeting this afternoon．Don’t you forget it!
--OK, I_________．
A．won’tB．don’tC．willD．do
49．--Is Jack on duty today?
--It_________be him．It’s his turn tomorrow．
A．mustn’tB．won’tC．can’tD．needn’t
50．--I think I’11 give Bob a ring．
--You________．You haven’t been in touch with him for ages．
A．will
A．needB．mayB．mustC．have toC．shouldD．shouldD．can 51．We hope that as many people as possible_________join us for the picnic tomorrow．
52．Some aspects of a pilot’s job________be boring, and pilots often___________work at inconvenient hours．
A．can;have to
C．have to;may
53．--May I smoke here?
--If you________, choose a seat in the smoking section．
—5—B．may;can D．ought to;must
A．should
A．can
tough task．B．couldC．mayD．must 54．--Could I have a word with you, mum?B．must--Oh dear, if you______． C．mayD．should 55．Black holes ________ not be seen directly,so determining the number of them is a
A．canB．shouldC．mustD．need
56．--How’s your tour around the North Lake? Is it beautiful?
--It_________be, but it is now heavily polluted．
A．willB．wouldC．shouldD．must
57．In crowded places like airports and railway stations, you_______take care of your luggage．
A．canB．mayC．mustD．will
58．My MP4 player isn’t in my bag．Where _________ I have put it?
A．canB．mustC．shouldD．would
59．As a result of the serious flood, two-thirds of the buildings in the area________．
A．need repairing
C．needs repairingB．needs to repairD．need to repair
60．The boss has given everyone a special holiday, so we________go to work tomorrow．
A．can’tB．mustn’tC．needn’tD．shouldn’t
61．-What does the sign over there read?
--“No person_______smoke or carry a lighted cigarette, cigar or pipe in this area．”
A．willB．mayC．shallD．must
62．--What do you think we can do for our aged parents?
--You___________do anything except to be with them and be yourself．
A．don’t have toB．oughtn’t toC．mustn’tD．can’t
63．--Turn off the TV, Jack．_________your homework now?
--Mum, just ten more minutes, please．
A．Should you be doing
B．Shouldn’t you be doing D．Will you be doing C．Couldn’t you be doing
—6—
第三篇：2010高考二轮复习英语学案——专题七 情态动词和虚拟语气
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SUNIONG2010高考二轮复习英语学案
专题七 情态动词和虚拟语气
【典例精析】
1.（2007 全国卷II，8）_______ he had not hurt his leg, John would have won the race.A.If
B.Since
C.Though
D.When 【解析】A 有题干可知，“若不是他伤了腿，约翰就能赢得比赛了”，运用了虚拟语气，故用if。
2.（2008山东卷, 24）Thank you for all your hard work last week.I don’t think we ____ it without you.A.can manage
B.could have managed C.could manage
D.can have managed 【解析】 B 此题考查情态动词表示虚拟意义的用法。I don’t think…是否定前移。意为：我认为没有你我们本不能做成这件事的。此题关键是要根据句意知道是虚拟语气，其基本形式是情态动词（过去式）+have done,所以其他选项皆可排除。【答案】B
3（09福建）.But for the help of my English teacher, I____the first prize in the English Writing Competition.A.would not win B.would not have won C.would win D.would have won 【答案】B 虚拟语气。此处虚拟语气表示与过去事实相反，句子谓语动词用would/should/could/might + have done结构，故选B。
4.（09湖南）— It’s the office!So you _____ know eating is not allowed here.— Oh, sorry.A.must
B.will
C.may
D.need 【解析】A 句意为：这是办公室！因此你必须知道吃的不允许带到这里。must表示“绝不”的意思。
5.（09海南）What do you mean, there are only ten tickets? There _____ be twelve A.should
B.would
C.will
D.shall 【答案】A。你这是什么意思，只有十张票吗?应该有十二人。should表示“应该，应当”。6.（09上海）It_____ have been Tom that parked the car here, as he is the only one with a car.全力打造最优秀的学科网站，您的需要就是我们努力的方向！阳光教学资源网 http://www.xiexiebang.com 搜集，仅供学习和研究使用！
A.may
B.can
C.must
D.should 【解析】C 考查情态动词的基本用法。此处表示肯定性较强的猜测，故答案选C。7.（09四川）—I don’t care what people think.—Well, you _______ A.could
B.would
C.should
D.might 【解析】C考查情态动词的用法。答话的人提了一个建议——你应该关注别人对你的评价的。should可以用来向别人提建议，所以答案为：C 8.（09天津）This printer is of good quality.If it _______ break down within the first year, we would repair it at our expense.A.would
B.should
C.could
D.might 【解析】B 考查虚拟语气中的情态动词用法。表示对将来情况的虚拟假设，条件从句可以用should+v.原形；
9.（09重庆）—Hi, Tom.Any idea where Jane is? —She_____in the classroom.I saw her there just now.A.shall be
B.should have been
C.must be D.might have been 【答案】C 考查情态动词表示猜测的用法。由后面的just now暗示现在一定在教室推知对现在情况的猜测，故答案为C.10.（09全国2）I can’t leave.She told me that I______stay here until she comes back.A.can
B.must
C.will
D.may 【解析】B 考查情态动词的基本用法。由前面的I can’t leave.推知我必须呆在这里，故答案为B。
11.（09江苏）11.He did not regret saying what he did but felt that he____ it differently.A.could express
B.would express C.could have expressed
D.must have expressed 【解析】C 考查情态动词的用法。由前面的后悔表示做过啦，故后面的意思为本能够表达的不同，答案为C符合。
【专题突破】情态动词和虚拟语气密不可分，情态动词表示推测的考查，虚拟语气中对情态动词的考查，这些都是需要注意的地方，要想突破，可以从语境、语义、说话者的语气等方面着手，具体说：
1.根据时间确定时态、时间段
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即要分清情态动词表推测时涉及的是现在情况还是过去情况。原则上说，若对现在情况进行推测，情态动词后接动词原形或进行式；若对过去情况进行推测，则后接动词的完成式(这通常是高考的重点)；若是对正在发生的情况进行推测，后接动词的进行式；判断出时间段套用现在、过去、将来虚拟语气的句式。2.充分利用句子语境、语义
综观历年高考英语情态动词和虚拟语气的考查情况，有相当一部分考题从本质上看都是在考查情态动词在具体语境、语义中的运用，即只要考生能弄清各个被考查情态动词的意思，就可作出正确选择。3.注意分清适用句型
即要分清所考查的情态动词是用于肯定句型，还是用于疑问句型或否定句型，同时还要注意情态动词在某些特殊情况下所使用的特殊句型。
4.弄清说话者的语义、语气推断属于哪个时间段的情况，正确把握隐含、混合等虚拟语气。5.掌握固定句式，从固定句式着手，套用虚拟语气句型。1.—Catherine, I have cleaned the room for you.—Thanks.You _________it.I could manage it myself.A.needn’t do
C.mustn’t do
B.needn’t have done
D.shouldn’t have done
【解析】B 句子的语境是：“我自己能做”，所以“你本不必做的”。选A还是B呢？根据前面一句中的 have cleaned 可知，动作已经发生，所以此处谈论的是一个过去情况，故选 needn’t have done。
2.This cake is very sweet.You _________ a lot of sugar in it.A.should put
B.could have put C.might put
D.must have put 【解析】D前文说“蛋糕很甜”，下文的语境显然应该是“你一定是在里面放了很多糖”，故用“must+完成式”表示对过去情况的肯定推测。
3.—The woman biologist stayed in Africa studying wild animals for 13 years before she returned.— Oh, dear!She _________ a lot of difficulties!
A.may go through
B.might go through C.ought to have gone through
D.must have gone through 【解析】D由上文的stayed可知，此题是对过去情况有把握的肯定推测。句意为“那个女生物学家呆在非洲研究野生动物13年才回来。”“天啊！她一定经历了不少苦难！”
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4.Helen _________ go on the trip with us, but she isn’t quite sure yet.A.shall
B.must
C.may
D.can 【解析】C由于下文说“她还没有把握”，所以前文要用may表示没有把握的肯定推测，即“可能会与我们去旅行”。
5.—I’ve taken someone else’s green sweater by mistake.—It _________ Harry’s.He always wears green.A.has to be
B.will be
C.mustn’t be
D.could be 【解析】D 后文说“他总是穿绿色衣服”，据此语境可推知，这件衣“可能是”哈利的，could表示可能性。
6.—Do you know where David is? I couldn’t find him anywhere.—Well.He _________have gone far—his coat’s still here.A.shouldn’t
B.mustn’t
C.can’t
D.wouldn’t
分析：答案选C。后文说“他的外套还在这里”，据此语境可知“他不可能走远了”，故选can’t 5.He paid for a seat, when he _________ have entered free.A.could
B.would
C.must
D.need
【解析】A could have done的意思是“本来可以做某事”。句子语境为“虽然他本来能够免费入场，但他买了票”。
6.—Lucy doesn’t mind lending you her dictionary.—She _________.I’ve already borrowed one.A.can’t
B.mustn’t
C.needn’t
D.shouldn’t
【解析】C 既然“我已经借了一本”，所以“她就没有必要借给我了”。needn’t在此表示“不必”。
7.The World Wide Web is sometimes jokingly called the World Wide Wait because it _________be very slow.A.should B.must
C.will
D.can 【解析】 D在通常情况下，情态动词 can 表示推测时，只用于否定句和疑问句，不用于肯定句，但有一种特殊情况就是它可以用于肯定句中表理论上的推测或表示“有时”之意，而此题考查的正是can 表示“有时”的用法。
8.Zhang Lin was addicted to computer games during his last year in high school , otherwise he____________a student of Beijing University.A．would have been
B．should be
C．has been
D．had been
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【解析】A otherwise引起虚拟语气的虚拟语气属于含蓄型的，由句意可以得知是与过去的事实相反，主句用 would have done。
9.---Your sister nearly _______ all her spare time to her study during the three years.----That's right，or she ________ the first place in her school in the College Entrance Examination.A.devoted;wouldn't have taken
B.spent;wouldn't have taken C.had devoted;hadn't taken
D.had spent;couldn't take
【解析】A devote … to 为固定搭配，因此第一个空应从AC选。Or 翻译成“否则，要不然”，相当于otherwise，引起句子运用虚拟语气，主句用 would have done。10.—Any information about your son? —No.If only I ______ those tough words to him.A．didn't say
B．hadn't said C．shouldn't have said
D．couldn't have said 【解析】B if only 引起的句子要用虚拟语气。与wish跟从句用虚拟的规则一样。与过去的事实相反，用过去完成时态。
11.It is vital that we _____ act out at once to protect the environment.A.would
B.should
C.will
D.can 【解析】B It is vital/important/strange/necessary/natural…that 从句中，从句运用should跟动词原形。
12.John’s pale face suggested that he ______ill, and his parents suggested that he ______a medical examination.A.be, should have
B.was, have
C.should be, had
D.was, has 【解析】B suggest表示“表明，暗示”时，宾语从句不用虚拟语气，而表示“建议”时，要用should 跟动词原形的虚拟语气。根据句意可以得知，答案为B 13.But for the leadership of our Party and our Government, we __________ these splendid results.A．have achieved
B．shouldn’t have achieved C．should have achieved
D．would achieve
【解析】B but for 相当于without，可以用if 非真实条件句替换。有句意可知时发生在过去，与过去事实相反。14.--Where have you been?
--I_______in the heavy traffic.Otherwise I______here earlier.全力打造最优秀的学科网站，您的需要就是我们努力的方向！阳光教学资源网 http://www.xiexiebang.com 搜集，仅供学习和研究使用！
A.got stuck;would have come
B.got stuck;was C.have got stuck;would have come
D.had got stuck;would come 【解析】A 由句意得知被交通堵塞困住是发生在过去，第一空用一般过去时，排除CD，第二空为与过去事实相反，故选A 15.He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he ____ a goal.A.had scored B.scored
C.would score D.would have scored 【解析】D 这是otherwise 引出的含蓄虚拟语气，再根据前面的 hesitated 可进一步知道这是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气.【学法导航】考生在复习情态动词和虚拟语气时要注意如下几点：
1.掌握情态动词的基本用法；2.正确辨析相近意义的情态动词；3.把握常用情态动词句式； 4.学生要明确所叙述的内容不可能发生或发生的可能性很小时，要用虚拟语气；
5.把握虚拟语气的常用句式； 6.正确辨析混合时间的虚拟语气，如果条件句中的动作和主句的动作不是同时发生，主句和从句的谓语动词的形式应分别根据各自所表示的时间加以调整。7.注意虚拟语气中的倒装句，如果虚拟语气的条件从句谓语动词中含有were, had, should，有时可将if省去，而将条件从句的主语置于were, had, should, 之后
8.分清含蓄条件句，有时为了表达的需要，在虚拟语气中不总是出现if引导的条件句，而通过用其他词来代替条件句，常见词有otherwise, or, but for 和if only等
9.掌握在表语从句，同位语从句和主语从句中，表示间接的命令、要求、请求、建议、决定等，主句的主语通常是suggestion, proposal, request, order, idea 等。从句中的谓语动词是should +动词原型，should 可以省略。
10.掌握口语中的虚拟语气和固定句式中的虚拟语气。
【专题综合】1.When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it ______.A.breaks
B.has broken C.were broken D.had been broken 2.But for the help you gave me, I _______ the examinations.A.would have passed B.would pass C.wouldn’t have passed
D.wouldn’t pass 3.I forget where I read the article, or I _____ it to you now.A.will show B.would show
C.am going to show D.am showing 4.“It looks as if he were drunk.” “So it does._____.”
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A.He’d better give up drinking
B.He shouldn’t have drunk so much C.Health is more important than drink D.I wonder why he is always doing so 5.“Mary looks hot and dry” “So _____ you if you had so high a fever.” A.do B.are
C.will D.would 6.“He will come tomorrow.” “But I’d rather he _____ the day after tomorrow.” A.will come B.is coming
C.came D.had come 7.All the doctors in the hospital insisted that he ____ badly wounded and that he ____ at once.A.should be;be operated on
B.were;must be operated on C.was;should be operated
D.was;be operated on 8.______ smoking, he would not have got cancer in the lung.A.Was he given up B.Had he given up
C.Did he give D.If he gave up 9.“I still haven’t thanked Aunt Lucy for her present.” “It’s time you _____.” A.do B.did
C.had D.would 10.“Do you know his address？” “No, I also wish I _____ where he _____.” A.knew, live B.knew, lives
C.know, lives D.know, lived 11.It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I ____ in love, at the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown.A.wouldn’t have fallen
B.had not fallen C.should fall
D.were to fall 12.Without the air to hold some of the sun’s heat, the earth at night ____ for us to live.A.would be freezing cold
B.will be freezing coldly C.would be frozen cold
D.can freeze coldly 13.Look at the trouble I am in!If only I _____your dvice.A.followed
B.would follow
C.had followed
D.should follow 14.----Don't you think it necessary that he _______ to Miami but to New York?----I agree, but the problem is ________ he has refused to.A.will not be sent;that
B.not be sent;that C.should not be sent;what
D.should not send;what 15.If I____plan to do anything I wanted to ,I’d like to go to Tibet and travel through as much of it as possible.全力打造最优秀的学科网站，您的需要就是我们努力的方向！阳光教学资源网 http://www.xiexiebang.com 搜集，仅供学习和研究使用！
A．would
B．could
C．had to
D．ought to
16.____ fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off.A.Would you be
B.Should you be
C.Could you be D.Might you be 17.If it were not for the fact that she_______sing, I would invite her to the party.A.couldn’t
B.shouldn’t
C.can’t
D.might not 18.After hours of repair, the driver tried to start the machine but it __________ work.A.won’t
B.shouldn’t
C.wouldn’t
D.couldn’t 19.You ________ pay too much attention to your assignment, for it is that important.A.must
B.needn’t
C.cannot
D.need
20.He _________ another career, but at the time, he didn’t have enough money to attend graduate school.A.might choose
B.might have chosen
C.had to choose D.must have chosen
参考答案和解析
1.【解析】C as if 引导的句子，有时用虚拟语气，有时不用。原则上说，若指事实或可能为事实，不用虚拟语气；若指现在，从句谓语动词用一般过去时（be 用 were）；若指过去用过去完成时，若指将来用过去将来时或用 were to do sth.2.【解析】C but for 的意思是“若不是，要不是”，用于引出与事实相反的假设，通常与虚拟语气连用。根据句中的 the help you gave me，可知它表示与过去事实相反，故选C.3.【解析】B根据上文的语境可知句中的 or 隐含有一个虚拟的条件，即 or=if I didn’t forget where I read the article（要是我没忘记我在哪儿读过这篇文章的话——但事实上忘了）。4.【解析】D关键信息是It looks as if he were drunk 中的虚拟语气，句子既然用了虚拟语气，也就是说，“他喝醉了”不是事实，只是他的言行好像是醉了，所以此题的最佳答案是D.5.【解析】D 由于空格后的 if 条件状语从句的谓语用的是虚拟语气（这是很重要的信息），所以主句要用 would 而不用 will，即答案应选D.6.【解析】C 按照英语习惯，would rather 后接that 从句时，从句谓语通常要用虚拟语气，即用过去式表示现在或将来，用过去完成时表示过去。
7.【解析】D insist后的从句谓语有时用“should+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气，有时不用，具体要看该谓语动词所表示的含义。一般说来，若该谓语动词所表示的动作尚未发生，或尚未成为事实，则用虚拟语气；若该谓语动词所表示的动作已经发生，或已经成为事实，则要用陈述语气。分析上题的句意，可知只有选D最合适。
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8.【解析】B是因为时态前后有矛盾。由于主句谓语是would not have got，这表明是对过去事实作出的假设，所以从句谓语应该是 had given up，而不是像D项那样用一般过去时。另外，当虚拟条件句中有 had, should, were 等词时，通常可以省略 if，并将 had, should, were 提前置于句首。
9.【解析】B It’s time you did 为 It’s time you thanked Aunt Lucy for her present 之略。按照英语语法，it’s time 后从句通常要用过去式。
10.【解析】B第一空填 knew，因为 I wish 后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气（即用过去式表示现在的想法）；第二空要填lives，即用陈述语气，因为 where he lives 是一个客观事实，而不是 I wish 的内容。
11.【解析】B 此题涉及错综时间虚拟条件句，主句与现在事实相反，条件句与过去事实相反。句意为：要不是在七岁时就迷上了 Melinda Cox 图书馆，我真不能想像我如今会在做什么。12.【解析】A without 引出的介词短语为一个与现在事实相反的含蓄条件句。
13.【解析】C if only 意为“,但愿，要是……就好了”，其后的句子谓语要用虚拟语气，用以表达愿望或非真实条件，同时根据 句意可以得知从句是与过去事实相反
14.【解析】B本题考查虚拟语气和表语从句。在It is necessary that…句型中，从句中常常用虚拟语气，其形式为“should+动词原型”，should也可以省略。第二空考查了表语从句。That没有实际的意义，只起一个连接的作用。
15.【解析】B考查虚拟语气。从主句的谓语动词及句意推测应选B。其他选项不符合题意。16.【解析】 B 本题考查了虚拟语气的倒装。如果虚拟语气的条件从句谓语动词中含有were, had, should，有时可将if省去，而将条件从句的主语置于were, had, should之后。
17.【解析】C虽然前有虚拟条件句, 后有使用了虚拟语气，但the fact不是与事实相反，而是现在的真实情况，故不用虚拟语气。
18.【解析】C,表示机器什么的不能工作了。是一种关于性能方面的，很固定的用法。19.【解析】C can not too...to 是词组，意思是就算怎么样也不过分。
20.【解析】B可是根据句子的意思。must have chosen 是本来肯定会------，故答案为B。
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第四篇：高考情态动词
2000 ~ 2005 年高考题汇编
情 态 动 词
1.Sorry I'm late.I ________ have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again.（2000北京春季）（A）
A.mightB.shouldC.canD.will
2.I was really anxious about you.You_________ home without a word.（01全国）（B）
A.mustn’t leaveB.shouldn’t have leftC.couldn’t have leftD.needn’t leave
3.— Write to me when you get home.— _________（01北京春季）（C）
A．I mustB．I shouldC．I willD．I can
4.— Is John coming by train?
— He should, but he _________ not.He likes driving his car.（02全国）【Ｄ】Ａ．mustＢ．canＣ．needＤ．may
5.― I heard they went skiing in the mountains last winter.― It ______ true because there was little snow there.（02北京）（C）
A.may not beB.won’t beC.couldn’t be
D.mustn’t be 6.— I hear you’ve got a set of valuable Australian coins — Yes, certainly.（02北京春季）（B）I have a look?
A.DoB.MayC.ShallD.Should
7.A left luggage office is a place where bagsbe left for a short time, especially at a railway station.（03全国卷）（B）
A．should B．can C．must D．will
8.— The room is so dirty.we clean it?
— Of course.（03北京春季）（B）
A．Will B．Shall C．Would D．Do
9.---Who is the girl standing over there?
---Well, if you______ know, her name is Mabel.（04天津）(C)
A may B can C must D shall
10.“The interestbe divided into five parts, according to the agreement made by both sides,” declared the judge.（04重庆）(D)
A.may B.should C.must D.shall
11.---I don't mind telling you what I know.---Y.I'm not asking you for it.（04江苏）(D)
A.mustn'tB.may notC.can'tD.needn’t
12.I ____ pay Tracy a visit, but I am not sure whether I will have time this Sunday.（04浙江）(A)
A.shouldB.mightC.wouldD.could
13.---I’ll tell Mary about her new job tomorrow.---You________ her last week.（04福建）(D)
A．ought to tell B．would have told C．must tell D．should have told
14.I often see lights in that empty house.Do you think I _____ report it to the police?（04广西）（A）
A.shouldB.mayC.willD.can
15.Mr.White _____ at 8:30 for the meeting, but he didn’t’ show up.（04广西）（A）
A.should have arrivedB.should arrive
C.should have had arrived D.should be arriving
16.---Excuse me, but I want to use your computer to type a report.---You ______ have my computer if you don't take care of it.（04湖南）（A）
A.shan't B.might notC.needn'tD.shouldn't
17.— Excuse me.Is this the right way to the Summer Palace?
— Sorry, I am not sure.But it be.（04湖北）(A)
A．mightB．will C．mustD．can
18.---Mum, I’ve been studying English since 8 o’clock..I go out and play with Tom
for a while?
---No, I’m afraid not.Besides, it’s raining outside now.（04辽宁）(A)
A．Can’tB．Wouldn’tC．May notD．Won’t
19.Children under 12 years of age in that country ________ be under adult supervision when is a
public library.（04上海）(A)
A.mustB.mayC.canD.need
20.---Isn’t that Ann’s husband over there?
---No, it______ be him---I’m sure he doesn’t wear glasses.（04全国I）(A)
A can’t B must not C won’t D may not
21.You ______ be tired---you’ve only been working for an hour.（04全国II）(C)
A must not B won’t be C can’t D may not
22.---Tom graduated from college at a very young age.---Oh, he______ have been a very smart boy then.（04全国IV）（D）
A could B should C might D must
23.You might just as well tell the manufacturer that male customers _______ not like the design of the furniture.（04上海春季）（C）
A.mustB.shallC.mayD.need
24.He __________ have completed his work;otherwise, he wouldn’t be enjoying himself by the
seaside.(05北京卷)(B)
A.shouldB.mustC.wouldn’tD.can’t
25.He paid for a seat, when he ______ have entered free.（05山东卷）(A)
A.couldB.wouldC.mustD.need
26.---I've taken someone else's green sweater by mistake.---It ______ Harry's.He always wears green.(05广东卷)(D)
A.has to beB.will beC.mustn't beD.could be
27.— Do you know where David is? I couldn’t find him anywhere.— Well.Hehave gone far—his coat’s still here.（05湖北卷）(C)
A．shouldn’t B．mustn’t C．can’t D．wouldn’t
28.If Iplan to do anything I wanted to, I’d like to go to Tibet and travel through as much
of it as possible.（05湖北卷）(B)
A．would B．could C．had to D．ought to
29.---Lucy doesn’t mind lending you her dictionary.---She ______.I've already borrowed one.（05湖南卷）(C)
A.can'tB.mustn'tC.needn'tD.shouldn't
30.The more I think about him, the more reasons I find for loving him ___ I did.（05湖南卷）(A)
A.as much asB.as long asC.as soon asD.as far as
31.— Tom is never late for work.Why is he absent today?
— Something ________ to him.(05江西卷)(D)
A．must happenC．could have happened B．should have happened D．must have happened
32.John, look at the time._______ you play the piano at such a late hour?（05全国卷3）(B)
A．Must B．Can C．May D．Need
33.Tom, youleave all your clothes on the floor like this!（05全国卷1）(B)
A．wouldn’tB．mustn’tC．needn’tD．may not
34.There _________ be any difficulty about passing the road test since you have practiced a lot in the driving school.（05上海卷）(C)
A.mustn’tB.shan’t C.shouldn’t D.needn’t
35.The World Wide Web is sometimes jokingly called the World Wide Wait because it
_________be very slow.（05浙江卷）(D)
A．should B．mustC．willD．can
36.I was on the highway when this car went past followed by a police car.They ____ at least 150
kilometers an hour.（05重庆卷）(B)
A.should have been doingB.must have been doing
C.could have doneD.would have done
37.I _______have been more than six years old when the accident happened.（05天津卷）(B)
A.shouldn'tB.couldn'tC.mustn'tD.needn't
38.Helen ______ go on the trip with us, but she isn’t quite sure yet.（05安徽卷）(C)
A.shallB.mustC.mayD.can
39.This cake is very sweet.You __________ a lot of sugar in it.（05辽宁卷）(D)
A．should put B．could have put C．might put D．must have put
40.---The woman biologist stayed in Africa studying wild animals for 13 years before she
returned.---Oh, dear!She _______ a lot of difficulties!(05江苏卷)(D)
A.may go throughB.might go through
C.ought to have gone throughD.must have gone through
41.I have lost one of my gloves.I ________ it somewhere.（05北京春季）（B）
A.must drop B.must have dropped
C.must be dropping D.must have been dropped
第五篇：2010高三英语高考二轮复习学案——专题七 情态动词和虚拟语气
2010高考二轮复习英语学案
专题七 情态动词和虚拟语气
【典例精析】
1.（2007 全国卷II，8）_______ he had not hurt his leg, John would have won the race.A.If
B.Since
C.Though
D.When 【解析】A 有题干可知，“若不是他伤了腿，约翰就能赢得比赛了”，运用了虚拟语气，故用if。
2.（2008山东卷, 24）Thank you for all your hard work last week.I don’t think we ____ it without you.A.can manage
B.could have managed C.could manage
D.can have managed 【解析】 B 此题考查情态动词表示虚拟意义的用法。I don’t think…是否定前移。意为：我认为没有你我们本不能做成这件事的。此题关键是要根据句意知道是虚拟语气，其基本形式是情态动词（过去式）+have done,所以其他选项皆可排除。【答案】B
3（09福建）.But for the help of my English teacher, I____the first prize in the English Writing Competition.A.would not win B.would not have won C.would win D.would have won 【答案】B 虚拟语气。此处虚拟语气表示与过去事实相反，句子谓语动词用would/should/could/might + have done结构，故选B。
4.（09湖南）— It’s the office!So you _____ know eating is not allowed here.— Oh, sorry.A.must
B.will
C.may
D.need 【解析】A 句意为：这是办公室！因此你必须知道吃的不允许带到这里。must表示“绝不”的意思。
5.（09海南）What do you mean, there are only ten tickets? There _____ be twelve A.should
B.would
C.will
D.shall 【答案】A。你这是什么意思，只有十张票吗?应该有十二人。should表示“应该，应当”。6.（09上海）It_____ have been Tom that parked the car here, as he is the only one with a car.用心
爱心
专心
A.may
B.can
C.must
D.should 【解析】C 考查情态动词的基本用法。此处表示肯定性较强的猜测，故答案选C。7.（09四川）—I don’t care what people think.—Well, you _______ A.could
B.would
C.should
D.might 【解析】C考查情态动词的用法。答话的人提了一个建议——你应该关注别人对你的评价的。should可以用来向别人提建议，所以答案为：C 8.（09天津）This printer is of good quality.If it _______ break down within the first year, we would repair it at our expense.A.would
B.should
C.could
D.might 【解析】B 考查虚拟语气中的情态动词用法。表示对将来情况的虚拟假设，条件从句可以用should+v.原形；
9.（09重庆）—Hi, Tom.Any idea where Jane is? —She_____in the classroom.I saw her there just now.A.shall be
B.should have been
C.must be D.might have been 【答案】C 考查情态动词表示猜测的用法。由后面的just now暗示现在一定在教室推知对现在情况的猜测，故答案为C.10.（09全国2）I can’t leave.She told me that I______stay here until she comes back.A.can
B.must
C.will
D.may 【解析】B 考查情态动词的基本用法。由前面的I can’t leave.推知我必须呆在这里，故答案为B。
11.（09江苏）11.He did not regret saying what he did but felt that he____ it differently.A.could express
B.would express C.could have expressed
D.must have expressed 【解析】C 考查情态动词的用法。由前面的后悔表示做过啦，故后面的意思为本能够表达的不同，答案为C符合。
【专题突破】情态动词和虚拟语气密不可分，情态动词表示推测的考查，虚拟语气中对情态动词的考查，这些都是需要注意的地方，要想突破，可以从语境、语义、说话者的语气等方面着手，具体说：
1.根据时间确定时态、时间段
用心
爱心
专心
即要分清情态动词表推测时涉及的是现在情况还是过去情况。原则上说，若对现在情况进行推测，情态动词后接动词原形或进行式；若对过去情况进行推测，则后接动词的完成式(这通常是高考的重点)；若是对正在发生的情况进行推测，后接动词的进行式；判断出时间段套用现在、过去、将来虚拟语气的句式。2.充分利用句子语境、语义
综观历年高考英语情态动词和虚拟语气的考查情况，有相当一部分考题从本质上看都是在考查情态动词在具体语境、语义中的运用，即只要考生能弄清各个被考查情态动词的意思，就可作出正确选择。3.注意分清适用句型
即要分清所考查的情态动词是用于肯定句型，还是用于疑问句型或否定句型，同时还要注意情态动词在某些特殊情况下所使用的特殊句型。
4.弄清说话者的语义、语气推断属于哪个时间段的情况，正确把握隐含、混合等虚拟语气。5.掌握固定句式，从固定句式着手，套用虚拟语气句型。1.—Catherine, I have cleaned the room for you.—Thanks.You _________it.I could manage it myself.A.needn’t do
C.mustn’t do
B.needn’t have done
D.shouldn’t have done
【解析】B 句子的语境是：“我自己能做”，所以“你本不必做的”。选A还是B呢？根据前面一句中的 have cleaned 可知，动作已经发生，所以此处谈论的是一个过去情况，故选 needn’t have done。
2.This cake is very sweet.You _________ a lot of sugar in it.A.should put
B.could have put C.might put
D.must have put 【解析】D前文说“蛋糕很甜”，下文的语境显然应该是“你一定是在里面放了很多糖”，故用“must+完成式”表示对过去情况的肯定推测。
3.—The woman biologist stayed in Africa studying wild animals for 13 years before she returned.— Oh, dear!She _________ a lot of difficulties!
A.may go through
B.might go through C.ought to have gone through
D.must have gone through 【解析】D由上文的stayed可知，此题是对过去情况有把握的肯定推测。句意为“那个女生物学家呆在非洲研究野生动物13年才回来。”“天啊！她一定经历了不少苦难！”
用心
爱心
专心
4.Helen _________ go on the trip with us, but she isn’t quite sure yet.A.shall
B.must
C.may
D.can 【解析】C由于下文说“她还没有把握”，所以前文要用may表示没有把握的肯定推测，即“可能会与我们去旅行”。
5.—I’ve taken someone else’s green sweater by mistake.—It _________ Harry’s.He always wears green.A.has to be
B.will be
C.mustn’t be
D.could be 【解析】D 后文说“他总是穿绿色衣服”，据此语境可推知，这件衣“可能是”哈利的，could表示可能性。
6.—Do you know where David is? I couldn’t find him anywhere.—Well.He _________have gone far—his coat’s still here.A.shouldn’t
B.mustn’t
C.can’t
D.wouldn’t
分析：答案选C。后文说“他的外套还在这里”，据此语境可知“他不可能走远了”，故选can’t 5.He paid for a seat, when he _________ have entered free.A.could
B.would
C.must
D.need
【解析】A could have done的意思是“本来可以做某事”。句子语境为“虽然他本来能够免费入场，但他买了票”。
6.—Lucy doesn’t mind lending you her dictionary.—She _________.I’ve already borrowed one.A.can’t
B.mustn’t
C.needn’t
D.shouldn’t
【解析】C 既然“我已经借了一本”，所以“她就没有必要借给我了”。needn’t在此表示“不必”。
7.The World Wide Web is sometimes jokingly called the World Wide Wait because it _________be very slow.A.should B.must
C.will
D.can 【解析】 D在通常情况下，情态动词 can 表示推测时，只用于否定句和疑问句，不用于肯定句，但有一种特殊情况就是它可以用于肯定句中表理论上的推测或表示“有时”之意，而此题考查的正是can 表示“有时”的用法。
8.Zhang Lin was addicted to computer games during his last year in high school , otherwise he____________a student of Beijing University.A．would have been
B．should be
C．has been
D．had been
用心
爱心
专心
【解析】A otherwise引起虚拟语气的虚拟语气属于含蓄型的，由句意可以得知是与过去的事实相反，主句用 would have done。
9.---Your sister nearly _______ all her spare time to her study during the three years.----That's right，or she ________ the first place in her school in the College Entrance Examination.A.devoted;wouldn't have taken
B.spent;wouldn't have taken C.had devoted;hadn't taken
D.had spent;couldn't take
【解析】A devote … to 为固定搭配，因此第一个空应从AC选。Or 翻译成“否则，要不然”，相当于otherwise，引起句子运用虚拟语气，主句用 would have done。10.—Any information about your son? —No.If only I ______ those tough words to him.A．didn't say
B．hadn't said C．shouldn't have said
D．couldn't have said 【解析】B if only 引起的句子要用虚拟语气。与wish跟从句用虚拟的规则一样。与过去的事实相反，用过去完成时态。
11.It is vital that we _____ act out at once to protect the environment.A.would
B.should
C.will
D.can 【解析】B It is vital/important/strange/necessary/natural…that 从句中，从句运用should跟动词原形。
12.John’s pale face suggested that he ______ill, and his parents suggested that he ______a medical examination.A.be, should have
B.was, have
C.should be, had
D.was, has 【解析】B suggest表示“表明，暗示”时，宾语从句不用虚拟语气，而表示“建议”时，要用should 跟动词原形的虚拟语气。根据句意可以得知，答案为B 13.But for the leadership of our Party and our Government, we __________ these splendid results.A．have achieved
B．shouldn’t have achieved C．should have achieved
D．would achieve
【解析】B but for 相当于without，可以用if 非真实条件句替换。有句意可知时发生在过去，与过去事实相反。14.--Where have you been?
--I_______in the heavy traffic.Otherwise I______here earlier.用心
爱心
专心
A.got stuck;would have come
B.got stuck;was C.have got stuck;would have come
D.had got stuck;would come 【解析】A 由句意得知被交通堵塞困住是发生在过去，第一空用一般过去时，排除CD，第二空为与过去事实相反，故选A 15.He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he ____ a goal.A.had scored B.scored
C.would score D.would have scored 【解析】D 这是otherwise 引出的含蓄虚拟语气，再根据前面的 hesitated 可进一步知道这是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气.【学法导航】考生在复习情态动词和虚拟语气时要注意如下几点：
1.掌握情态动词的基本用法；2.正确辨析相近意义的情态动词；3.把握常用情态动词句式； 4.学生要明确所叙述的内容不可能发生或发生的可能性很小时，要用虚拟语气；
5.把握虚拟语气的常用句式； 6.正确辨析混合时间的虚拟语气，如果条件句中的动作和主句的动作不是同时发生，主句和从句的谓语动词的形式应分别根据各自所表示的时间加以调整。7.注意虚拟语气中的倒装句，如果虚拟语气的条件从句谓语动词中含有were, had, should，有时可将if省去，而将条件从句的主语置于were, had, should, 之后
8.分清含蓄条件句，有时为了表达的需要，在虚拟语气中不总是出现if引导的条件句，而通过用其他词来代替条件句，常见词有otherwise, or, but for 和if only等
9.掌握在表语从句，同位语从句和主语从句中，表示间接的命令、要求、请求、建议、决定等，主句的主语通常是suggestion, proposal, request, order, idea 等。从句中的谓语动词是should +动词原型，should 可以省略。
10.掌握口语中的虚拟语气和固定句式中的虚拟语气。
【专题综合】1.When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it ______.A.breaks
B.has broken C.were broken D.had been broken 2.But for the help you gave me, I _______ the examinations.A.would have passed B.would pass C.wouldn’t have passed
D.wouldn’t pass 3.I forget where I read the article, or I _____ it to you now.A.will show B.would show
C.am going to show D.am showing 4.“It looks as if he were drunk.” “So it does._____.”
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A.He’d better give up drinking
B.He shouldn’t have drunk so much C.Health is more important than drink D.I wonder why he is always doing so 5.“Mary looks hot and dry” “So _____ you if you had so high a fever.” A.do B.are
C.will D.would 6.“He will come tomorrow.” “But I’d rather he _____ the day after tomorrow.” A.will come B.is coming
C.came D.had come 7.All the doctors in the hospital insisted that he ____ badly wounded and that he ____ at once.A.should be;be operated on
B.were;must be operated on C.was;should be operated
D.was;be operated on 8.______ smoking, he would not have got cancer in the lung.A.Was he given up B.Had he given up
C.Did he give D.If he gave up 9.“I still haven’t thanked Aunt Lucy for her present.” “It’s time you _____.” A.do B.did
C.had D.would 10.“Do you know his address？” “No, I also wish I _____ where he _____.” A.knew, live B.knew, lives
C.know, lives D.know, lived 11.It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I ____ in love, at the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown.A.wouldn’t have fallen
B.had not fallen C.should fall
D.were to fall 12.Without the air to hold some of the sun’s heat, the earth at night ____ for us to live.A.would be freezing cold
B.will be freezing coldly C.would be frozen cold
D.can freeze coldly 13.Look at the trouble I am in!If only I _____your dvice.A.followed
B.would follow
C.had followed
D.should follow 14.----Don't you think it necessary that he _______ to Miami but to New York?----I agree, but the problem is ________ he has refused to.A.will not be sent;that
B.not be sent;that C.should not be sent;what
D.should not send;what 15.If I____plan to do anything I wanted to ,I’d like to go to Tibet and travel through as much of it as possible.用心
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A．would
B．could
C．had to
D．ought to
16.____ fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off.A.Would you be
B.Should you be
C.Could you be D.Might you be 17.If it were not for the fact that she_______sing, I would invite her to the party.A.couldn’t
B.shouldn’t
C.can’t
D.might not 18.After hours of repair, the driver tried to start the machine but it __________ work.A.won’t
B.shouldn’t
C.wouldn’t
D.couldn’t 19.You ________ pay too much attention to your assignment, for it is that important.A.must
B.needn’t
C.cannot
D.need
20.He _________ another career, but at the time, he didn’t have enough money to attend graduate school.A.might choose
B.might have chosen
C.had to choose D.must have chosen
参考答案和解析
1.【解析】C as if 引导的句子，有时用虚拟语气，有时不用。原则上说，若指事实或可能为事实，不用虚拟语气；若指现在，从句谓语动词用一般过去时（be 用 were）；若指过去用过去完成时，若指将来用过去将来时或用 were to do sth.2.【解析】C but for 的意思是“若不是，要不是”，用于引出与事实相反的假设，通常与虚拟语气连用。根据句中的 the help you gave me，可知它表示与过去事实相反，故选C.3.【解析】B根据上文的语境可知句中的 or 隐含有一个虚拟的条件，即 or=if I didn’t forget where I read the article（要是我没忘记我在哪儿读过这篇文章的话——但事实上忘了）。4.【解析】D关键信息是It looks as if he were drunk 中的虚拟语气，句子既然用了虚拟语气，也就是说，“他喝醉了”不是事实，只是他的言行好像是醉了，所以此题的最佳答案是D.5.【解析】D 由于空格后的 if 条件状语从句的谓语用的是虚拟语气（这是很重要的信息），所以主句要用 would 而不用 will，即答案应选D.6.【解析】C 按照英语习惯，would rather 后接that 从句时，从句谓语通常要用虚拟语气，即用过去式表示现在或将来，用过去完成时表示过去。
7.【解析】D insist后的从句谓语有时用“should+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气，有时不用，具体要看该谓语动词所表示的含义。一般说来，若该谓语动词所表示的动作尚未发生，或尚未成为事实，则用虚拟语气；若该谓语动词所表示的动作已经发生，或已经成为事实，则要用陈述语气。分析上题的句意，可知只有选D最合适。
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8.【解析】B是因为时态前后有矛盾。由于主句谓语是would not have got，这表明是对过去事实作出的假设，所以从句谓语应该是 had given up，而不是像D项那样用一般过去时。另外，当虚拟条件句中有 had, should, were 等词时，通常可以省略 if，并将 had, should, were 提前置于句首。
9.【解析】B It’s time you did 为 It’s time you thanked Aunt Lucy for her present 之略。按照英语语法，it’s time 后从句通常要用过去式。
10.【解析】B第一空填 knew，因为 I wish 后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气（即用过去式表示现在的想法）；第二空要填lives，即用陈述语气，因为 where he lives 是一个客观事实，而不是 I wish 的内容。
11.【解析】B 此题涉及错综时间虚拟条件句，主句与现在事实相反，条件句与过去事实相反。句意为：要不是在七岁时就迷上了 Melinda Cox 图书馆，我真不能想像我如今会在做什么。12.【解析】A without 引出的介词短语为一个与现在事实相反的含蓄条件句。
13.【解析】C if only 意为“,但愿，要是……就好了”，其后的句子谓语要用虚拟语气，用以表达愿望或非真实条件，同时根据 句意可以得知从句是与过去事实相反
14.【解析】B本题考查虚拟语气和表语从句。在It is necessary that…句型中，从句中常常用虚拟语气，其形式为“should+动词原型”，should也可以省略。第二空考查了表语从句。That没有实际的意义，只起一个连接的作用。
15.【解析】B考查虚拟语气。从主句的谓语动词及句意推测应选B。其他选项不符合题意。16.【解析】 B 本题考查了虚拟语气的倒装。如果虚拟语气的条件从句谓语动词中含有were, had, should，有时可将if省去，而将条件从句的主语置于were, had, should之后。
17.【解析】C虽然前有虚拟条件句, 后有使用了虚拟语气，但the fact不是与事实相反，而是现在的真实情况，故不用虚拟语气。
18.【解析】C,表示机器什么的不能工作了。是一种关于性能方面的，很固定的用法。19.【解析】C can not too...to 是词组，意思是就算怎么样也不过分。
20.【解析】B可是根据句子的意思。must have chosen 是本来肯定会------，故答案为B。
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