《情态动词》的用法 教案

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第一篇:《情态动词》的用法 教案

《情态动词的用法》教案

一、教材分析: 这是初中的一个较重要也有难度的知识点,作为动词中的一类,如何使用情态动词can(could),must, have to, may(might),shall(should),will, dare, need, aught to等是本次课程的重点内容.教学内容是介绍情态动词的定义、特点、以及最重要的用法;最后加以练习进行巩固

二、教学目标:

1.知识目标:要求学生掌握使用表示猜测的情态动词.2.能力目标:通过引导,让学生能够说出学会情态动词的基本用法,在语境中的意思。3.情感目标:让学生在学习中情态动词过程中体验英语的生动趣味性,引导学生提高对英语学习的求知欲。

三、教学重难点

教学重点: 学会运用情态动词can(could), must, may,might,shall,should,ought to ,will(would),dare, need, have to等的用法以及各个相近情态动词间的区分.教学难点: 各个情态动词的用法区分.四、教学方法:

以讲解为主,举例分析。

五、教学过程

教师:同学们,我们这节课要想学习的内容是情态动词的用法,那1这个情态动词其实我们对于我们来说也并不陌生,平时在句子的运用也很多,那么大家告诉我情态动词有哪些? 常见的情态动词有:can(could), must, may,might, shall,should, ought to ,will(would),dare, need, have to(板书)

我们这节课主要来归纳下它的用法

1、本身具有一定词意,但不能单独作谓语。为什么说情态动词不能单独作谓语呢?

谓语是对主语动作或状态的陈述或说明,指出“做什么”“是什么”或是“怎么样”情态动词用在行为动词前,表示说话人对这一动作或状态的看法或主观设想。(举例:i can wash clothes)

2、无人称和数的变化

We must stay here.我们必须待在这儿。He must stay here.他必须待在这儿。

3、情态动词后面紧跟的一个动词用原形

She may lose her way.她可能迷路了。

4、否定形式直接在后面加no

下面我们开始逐个学习它们的用法 [1] 首先是can/could的用法 A.表能力

can 表示现在的能力,could 表示过去的能力,要表示将来具备的能力通常 be able to 的将来时态。B.can和could 表允许,请求

表示请求或者允许时,两者均可用,但用could 语气更委婉更为礼貌些; Can [Could] I come in?(允许)

Can(could)you help me?(请求)

若是自己允许别人做某事,一般只用 can,而不用 could。如: Can [Could] I come in? 我可以进来吗 “Could [Can] I use your pen? ”“Yes,of course you can.”

C.can和could 表推测

对现在或将来的推测,两者均可用,但can 通常只用于否定句或疑问句中,一般不用于肯定句,而could则可用于肯定句、否定句和疑问句;对过去的推测,应在can,could之后接动词的完成式,且此时can仍只用于否定句或疑问句,不用于肯定句;而could 则可用于各种句型。如:

Can [Could] this be true? 这能是真的吗

Where can [could] he have gone? 他能到哪里去了呢

She can’t [couldn’t] have left so soon.她不可能走得这么早。She could be at home.她可能在家

[2] must / may / might的用法

这三个词常用于推测,在推测方面的用法分为四种情况。A.对将来情况的推测,用“情态动词 + 动词原形”。(1).She must / may / might arrive before 5.5:00前她一定/可能/也许到。

B.对现在进行时的推测,用“情态动词 + be”,“情态动词 +be doing”

e.g:(1).He must / may / might be listening to the radio now.他一定/可能/也许正在听收音机。

(2).He may(might)not be at home at this time.这个时候他不可能/可能不在家。

C.对一般情况的推测,或“情态动词 + 动词原形”。

Everymornning he will sit here and read a newspaper.(每天早上他都会坐在这儿看报纸)D.对过去情况的推测,用“情态动词 + have +过去分词”。

e.g:(1).It must / may / might have rained last night.The ground is wet.地湿了,昨晚肯定/可能/也许下雨了。

[3] shall的用法 A.表征求意见(“好不好”)Shall we go now? B.威胁、警告、命令或根据规定有义务做 You shall leave at once!(威胁、警告)You shall clean theroom,it is your task.(义务,责任)C.表规章、法令、预言:“必须” 用于所有人称 Every paasenger shall wait in a line.[4] should /ought to的用法 注:情态动词 should /ought to表推测时,意为“想必会,理应„„” A.责任,义务或要求,有时表示劝告:

You ought to /should pay more attention to what your lawyer says.B.表示推测和可能性,是“(按理说)应该”之意 肯定的语气没有must用于推测时强 This pen ought to /should be yours.C.should与“have +过去分词”连用时,则又可构成虚拟语气意为 例如:should have done 本应该做某事而没有做 Should’nt have done 本不应该做某事却做了。

[5] Would和will的用法

A.表示请求、建议等,would比will委婉客气。如: Would you pass me the book? B.表示意志、愿望和决心。Will表示现在的意愿,would表示过去的意愿,也可以表示现在的意愿,语较为委婉。如: I will never do that again.Yesterday he would’nt helped me.I would like a cup of tea.C.用“will be”和“will(would)+ have + 过去分词”的结构表示推测,前者表示对目前情况的推测,后者表示对已经完成的动作或事态的推测。如: This will be the book you want.He will have arrived by now.D.will表示习惯、请求,固有性质等。

Everyday he will sit here hour after hour doing nothing.(习惯)Will you help me with my English?(请求)E.表料想或猜想。如:

It would be about ten when he left home.[6] dare(dared)的用法

Dare作情态动词时,主要用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中,一般不用在肯定句中。如: How dare you say I'm unfair.He daren't speak English before such a crowd,dare he? She dare not say what she thinks.她不敢说她是怎么想的

[7] need的用法

need表示“需要”或“必须”,作情态动词时,仅用于否定句或疑问句中,在肯定句中一般用must,haveto,ought to,或should代替。如: You needn’t come so early.— Need I finish the work today? —Yes,you must.注意:needn't + 不定式的完成式“表示本来不必做某事而实际上做了某事”。如: You needn't have waited for me.[8]must 和haveto的用法

A.must表示的是说话人的主观看法,而have to则往往强调客观需要。如:

The play is not interesting.I really must go now.这部剧没意思。我真的必须现在就走。B.二者的否定意义不大相同。如: You mustn't go.你可不要去。You don't have to go.你不必去。

C.询问对方的意愿时应用must。如:

Must I clean all the room?我一定要打扫整个房间吗?Yes,you must.No,you needn’t.教师总结:这节课总结了主要的情态动词的用法,内容较多,给大家5分钟时间来消化下,看完后有什么疑问或是哪个词的用法不是很清楚就提出来。教师:教大家一个情态动词的口诀口诀:动词原形接后面,说话语气较委婉。can “能力”may“许可”,must“责任”或“义务”。否定回答needn’t换,“需要”need, dare“敢”。should“应该”,would“愿”,have to“被迫”表客观。

3、课堂练习,复习巩固

教师:我们学完了情态动词的用法,下面来做些练习。

2.Jane have come to the party, but she not find the exact time.A.could;could B.might;could C.should;could D.should;would

3.So many mistakes in your homework!You more careful.A.may be B.had to C.would be D.should have been

4.Her brotherbe at home now, because he was seen playing basketball in the stadium just now.A.mustn’t B.needn’t

C.can’t D.shouldn't

5.---I can’t understand why our boss is late.---He the early bus.A.could miss

B.may have missed

C.can have missed D.might miss

第二篇:情态动词的基本用法

情态动词的基本用法

情态动词的特点

1.没有人称和数的变化。

2.有些情态动词有过去式的变化:

will → would , can → could , may→ might , dare → dared

can(could)

1.表示能力。

Two eyes can see more than one.2.表示允许。

Can I have a look at your new pen?

Can(Could)you lend me a hand?

3.表惊异、怀疑、不相信等态度。主要用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中。

Where can(could)they have gone to?

He can’t(couldn’t)be over sixty.How can you be so careless?

4.表示猜测(肯定句把握较小;否定句几乎为100%把握)

The temperature can fall to 10℃.You can’t be serious.may(might)

1.表允许,might是may的过去式;用在疑问中比may委婉、客气。

You may take whatever you like.He told me that I might smoke in the room.2.表可能(事实上)。语气不肯定。

He may be at home.他可能在家。

She may not know about it.I am afraid they might not agree with him.They might be having a meeting, but I’m not sure.must

1.表必须(主观意志)

We must do everything we can to help him.You mustn’t talk to her like that.--Must we hand in our exercise books now?

--No, you needn’t./ No, you don’t have to.2.表示很有把握的推断,意为“想必、准是、一定”等,只用于肯定句。have(has)to:

have(has)got to 必须, 不得不。过去式为had to。

He must be ill.He looks so pale.She must have a lot of money, for she drives a BMW.shall

1.表征询意见,用于第一、第三人称疑问句。

Shall I get you some tea?

Shall the boy wait outside?

It's a fine day.Let's go fishing, shall we?

2.表说话人的意愿,有“命令、允诺、警告、决心”等意思,用于第二、第三人称陈述句。

You shall do as I say.(命令)

You shall have the English book as soon as I finish it.(允诺)

He shall be sorry for it one day, I tell you.(警告)

Everything that he owns shall be taken away from him.(决心)

will

1.表意愿,用于各种人称陈述句。

I will do anything for you.If you will read the book, I’ll lend it to you.2.表请求,用于疑问句。

Don't smoke in the meeting room, will you?

Won’t you drink some more coffee? 3.表示某种倾向或习惯性动作。

Fish will die out of water.The door won’t open.would

1.表意愿。

They would not let him in because he was poorly dressed.2.表委婉地提出请求、建议或看法。

Would you like another glass of beer?

3.表过去反复发生的动作或过去的一种倾向。

Every time she was in trouble, she would go to him for help.should

1.表义务。意为“应该”,用于各种人称。

You should listen to the doctor's advice.你应该听从医生建议的。

You should study the article carefully.你应该仔细读那篇文章。

2.表推测,意为“想必一定、照说应该、估计”等。

The film should be very good as it is starring first-class actors.那部电影想必很棒,都是一流的演员。

They should be home by now.现在他们应该已经到家了 ought to

1.意为“应该”,口气比should稍重。

Ought you to smoke so much? 你应该抽这样多烟吗?

You ought to write to the mayor.您应该给市长写信。

2.表推测,暗含很大的可能。

She ought to know his telephone number.她应该知道他的电话号码。

used to

过去常常, 现在不复发生或存在。

The Greeks used to worship several gods.过去,希腊人崇奉好几种神。

He used to smoke.他过去抽烟(现在不抽了)。

情态动词的推测用法

⒈ 肯定句中:

must(一定),may(可能),might/could(也许,或许)其语气的肯定程度依次递减。其中,might 和could并非过去时态,只是语气较为委婉或可能性较小 ⑴ 对当前行为、情况或状态的推测:

must /may /might /could + do/be

He must/may/might/could be in the reading room.他肯定/可能/也许在阅览室里。

I must look funny in this hat.我戴这顶帽子看起来一定很滑稽。

⑵ 对此时此刻正在进行的动作的推测:

must /may/ might/ could + be doing

想必/可能正在……

He must /may/ might/ could be watching TV at this time.他此时一定/可能/或许在看电视。

They must be waiting for us.他们肯定在等着我们。

⑶ 对过去发生的事情的推测:

must /may /might /could + have +过去分词

想必/可能已经……

They must have arrived by now.现在他们肯定已到了。

You look very tired.You must have stayed up last night.看上去你很疲劳,你昨晚一定熬夜了。

You may have read about it in the papers.你可能在报上已读到这件事了。

⑷ 过去的一段时间内一直在进行的动作:

must/may /might/ could + have + been +doing

想必/可能一直在……

They are sweating all over.They must have been working in the fields.他们浑身是汗,准是在地里劳动来着。

He may have been waiting for us for an hour.他可能等我们一小时了。

2.否定句中:

can/could not

不可能,想必不会

may/might not

可能不

⑴对当前行为、情况或状态的推测:

can/could not+动词原形

不可能,想必不会

may/might not +动词原形

可能不

He may not be busy now.也许他现在不忙。

He can not be busy now.他现在一定不忙。

He can’t be in the reading room.I saw him on the playground just now.他不可能在阅览室里,我刚看到他在操场上。

⑵对此时此刻正在进行的动作的推测:

can/could not + be doing

不可能,想必不会在干某事

may/might not + be doing

可能没在干某事

They can’t be telling the truth.他们不可能在说真话。

They may not be telling the truth.他们可能没在说真话。

⑶对过去发生的事情的推测:

can/could not + have +过去分词

不可能,想必不会做过某事

may/might not + have +过去分词

可能没干过某事

He can’t have finished the work so soon.这项工作他不可能完成得这样快。

He may not have achieved all his aims.But his effort is a good one.他可能没达到他的全部目的,但他还是认真做了努力的。

⑷过去的一段时间内一直在进行的动作:

can’t /couldn’t/may not have been doing

He can’t have been waiting for us so long.他不可能等我们那么长时间。

3.疑问句中:

常用can/could来表示说话人的猜疑、怀疑或不肯定的语气

⑴ 对当前行为、情况或状态的推测:

can/could + 主语+ do/be

Where can he be now?

他现在会在哪里呢?

Can it be true?

那会是真的吗?

⑵ 对此时此刻正在进行的动作的推测:

can/could +主语+ be doing

It’s so late.Can Tom be reading?

这么晚了,汤姆还在看书吗?

What can he be doing?

他可能在做什么呢?

⑶ 对过去发生的事情的推测:

can/could +主语+have done

Can she have told a lie?

她会不会说谎了?

Where can she have gone?

她会上哪儿去了呢?

情态动词的辨析

need和dare

1.用作情态动词

Need he go yesterday? 昨天他有去的必要吗?

I don’t think you need worry.She dare not go out alone at night.How dare you say I’m unfair?

2.用作实义动词

She needs the work done before tomorrow.她必须在明天以前找人完成这项工作。

The table needs painting(to be painted.).I dare say he’ll come again.can 和be able to

be able to 表示经过努力后, 能够做到;be able to 有多种形式的变化。

can

1.表示体力或脑力方面的能力;

2.表示允许、可能性。

could 是can的过去式, 表示过去有能力及过去存在的可能性;用于疑问句表示委婉地

提出问题。

1.The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone was able to get out.2.—Will you stay for lunch?

—Sorry, I can’t.My brother is coming to see me.must和have to

must表示主观意志,而have to表示由于客观因素。

I told her that she must give up smoking.We had to get everything ready that night.would和used to

1)used to “过去常常”, 与现在事实相反;would表过去意愿。

People used to think that the earth was flat.She would go out for a walk in the morning when she was in the country.1.情态动词无论是表达“推测和可能性”,还是表达“虚拟”这一概念,只要是对过去

已经发生的事

情进行描述,一律用“情态动词+have done”这一结构;对现在或将来的事情进行

描述,用“情态

动词+动词或系动词原形”。

2.should(not)/ ought(not)to在中表示根据常规或常识推测,表示“某事应该或不应该

发生”,语气比must或can’t / couldn’t稍弱。

3.can, could表达推测时,一般用于疑问句和否定句中;can用于肯定句中表示一种理论

上的可能性,并不牵涉是否真的会发生,在这种用法中can只能与动词原形连用;could用于肯定

句中,语气比

may/ might更弱。

4.must表达“情感、态度、语气”主要有以下用法:

(1)表示主观的义务和必要,主要用于肯定句和疑问句,意思为“必须……,得……,要……”;由

must引起的疑问句,肯定回答要用must或have to,否定回答要用needn’t或don’

t have to,意

思是“不必”。另外,must与have to都可以表示“必须”这一含义。must表示一

易错点点拨:

种主观的需要,而have to表示一种客观的需要,意思是“不得不”,其否定形式是don’ have to。

(2)must用于条件句或疑问句中,可以用来表示责备、抱怨的感情色彩,意思为“偏要,硬要、干

嘛”。

5.在虚拟条件句中用以加强假设语气,表示“与将来事实相反的假设”,用 If+主语+

should +动词

原形,当“万一(会)”讲。这时可省略if,将should提到句首,变为倒装句式。If it

should rain

(=Should it rain)tomorrow, I would stay at home.万一明天下雨的话,我就待在家里。

6.should还可以用来表示说话人对某事不能理解、赶到意外、惊异等意思,译为“竟然,竟会”。

You can’t imagine that a well-behaved gentleman should be so rude to a lady.鱼儿,在水中串上串下,吐着顽皮的泡泡;鸟儿从荷叶上空飞过,想亲吻荷花姑娘的芳泽。四周的花儿,紫的,黄的,白的,红的,竞相开放。大红花儿,张着大嘴,放声歌唱;灯笼花儿,随风摇坠,四处飘香;剑兰花儿,形态独特,毫不逊色。它们与荷塘之景交相辉映,美不胜收 此时,我的心情兴奋到极点,好久好久没有看过如此美的景色了。若果我有一双会画画的手,我定把这如痴如醉的荷塘活色生香的描绘一番;若果我有一部高像素的相机,我定不放过每个花开的镜头;若果我是一个诗人,我定把这荷塘每片光鲜艳丽的色泽融入人生的诗篇。我更期待,期待盛夏的荷塘色,期待那更加妖娆多姿,色泽鲜艳的荷花,期待初夏生机勃勃、挥汗如雨的激情生活!

第三篇:情态动词need用法小结

一、NEED与句子类型

(本条可参照ANY的用法。)NEED可用于:

1.否定句/含有否定意义的句子 1)否定句

含not/hardly/never/nobody等词语。I needn’t say anything.He need hardly advise me.You never need tell me this or that.Nobody need help me.I don’t think he need come.(否定转移)

注:NEEDN’T的意思其实有三种,即不必要/不一定/不应该,视具体语境而定。2)含有否定意义的句子

含only/but/all/before/than等词语。He need only wait here.You need but consider the matter to understand its importance.That’s all that need be said.Do not stay longer than you need.There was another hour before I need go out into the cold.2.疑问句/表示疑问的从句 1)疑问句(包括否定疑问句)Need he say it again? 2)表示疑问的从句

I wonder whether/if I need see her.3.条件句

含if/unless等词。

If he need come, he will.本条要点简单概括起来就是,NEED不能用于肯定句。以下的各种用法也遵循这条规则。

二、NEED与时态 1.现在时

NEED常用于现在时。You needn’t stay.2.将来时

You needn’t have your blood pressure taken tomorrow.3.过去时

NEED的过去式仍然是NEED。1)过去时间由一过去时间状语表示 He need not come yesterday.2)过去时间由另一过去时动词表示。All he need do was to inquire.It was clear that he need never trouble to get up at seven again.I told him he needn’t be in a terrible fix.注:表示过去的NEED常用于间接引语中。(本条可参照must的用法)

三、NEED与虚拟语气 1)NEED用于虚拟条件句

(本条可参照虚拟条件句的构成及用法。)If money were useless, we need not struggle for it.If you had been careful enough, you need not have suffered.注:本条用法较为少见。

2)NEED单独使用:NEEDN’T HAVE DONE(本条可参照SHOULDN’T HAVE DONE的用法。)You need not have worried.注:NEED HAVE DONE的形式较为少见

Need you have scolded him so severely for his bad work? He had done his best.(否定意味)

He need have gone and sent that letter in person.(实际上没有做)

四、NEED与推测

NEEDN’T表示“不一定”。(本条可参照must/can的用法。)1)NEEDN’T+BE

It needn’t be hot in Florida now.对比:

It can’t be hot in Florida now.(一定不)It must be hot in Florida now.(一定)2)NEEDN’T+HAVE DONE

He need not have seen much of the world, though he is an old man.对比:

He can’t have seen much of the world, for he is just a little boy.He must have seen much of the world, for he has been traveling so widely.五、NEED与问句 1)反意疑问句的构成 You needn’t go, need you? 2)答句的构成---Need he go?---Yes, he must/has to/needs to.---No, he needn’t.(本条可参照must的用法)

六、情态动词NEED与实义动词NEED 1)使用范围

作为实义动词的NEED有人称、数和时态的变化,使用范围更为广泛,不受句子类型和时态的限制。在肯定句、过去时和将来时的句子中,一般使用作为实义动词的NEED。

He needs to see a doctor straightaway.(此处needs to不能换做need,因为本句是肯定句)

Will he need to start earlier? 注:

NEED TO BE DONE与NEED DOING可以互换,后者更为常用(这里的NEED均为实义动词)。2)含义差别

NEEDN’T HAVE DONE与DIDN’T NEED TO DO表示“不必要”的时候,在意义上有所差别,前者表示“本不必做„„”,实际上已经做了(NEED为情态动词);后者单纯地表示“不必做„„”(NEED为实义动词)。

第四篇:情态动词教案

情态动词

【考纲解读】

情态动词与虚拟语气有千丝万缕的联系,它们往往放在一起考查。在近年高考题中,对情态动词的考查几乎每年都有纵观近几年的高考题可以看出,高考对情态动词的考查热点依次是:(1)推测和可能性;(2)“情态动词+have done”结构表示猜测或表示虚拟语气;(3)shall, should, can, must表示特定语气。尤其是对“情态动词+have done”结构的考查频率较高。试题的情景设置往往生动、真实,但考查的角度趋于细微化和综合化,有效信息较为隐蔽,这就决定了情态动词题是难题之一。情态动词题每年都考,所以本专题在高考中的重要地位是显而易见的。因而在复习中应引起高度重视,且依笔者之见,来年高考中对情态动词考查的可能性依然非常大。【知识要点】

一、情态动词的语法特征

1.情态动词不能表示正在发生或已经发生的事情,只表示期待或估计某事的发生。2.情态动词 除ought 和have 外,后面只能接不带to 的不定式。3.情态动词没有人称、数的变化,即情态动词第三人称单数不加-s。4.情态动词没有非谓语形式,即没有不定式,分词等形式。

二、情态动词的基本用法 1.比较can 和be able to 1)can could 表示能力;可能(过去时用could),只用于现在时和过去时(could)。be able to可以用于各种时态。

They will be able to tell you the news soon.他很快就能告诉你消息了。2)只用be able to中情况: 位于助动词后; 情态动词后;

表示过去某时刻动作时; 用于句首表示条件;

表示成功地做了某事时,只能用was/were able to,不能用could。He was able to flee Europe before the war broke out.=He managed to flee Europe before the war broke out.战争爆发前,他就逃离欧洲了。

注意:could,在否定,疑问句中表示推测或怀疑。表示提出委婉的请求(注意在回答中不可用could)。

—Could I have the television on? —Yes,you can./No,you can’t.He couldn’t be a bad man.他不大可能是坏人。2.比较may和might

1)表示允许或请求;表示没有把握的推测;may 放在句首,表示祝愿。May God bless you!愿上帝保佑你!He might be at home.他有可能在家。

注意:might 表示推测时,不表示时态。只是可能性比may 小。

2)may/might as well,后面接不带to 的不定式,意为“不妨,还是……好”。You may(might)as well tell me the truth.你还是对我说实话好。3.比较have to和must

1)两词都是“必须”的意思,have to 表示客观的需要,must 表示说话人主观上的看法,即主观上的必要。

My brother was very ill,so I had to call the doctor in the middle of the night.我弟弟病得很厉害,我只得半夜里把医生请来。(客观上需要做这件事)

He said that they must work hard.他说他们必须努力工作。(主观上要做这件事)

2)have to有人称、数、时态的变化,而must只有一种形式。

He had to look after his sister yesterday.昨天他不得不照看他的妹妹。3)在否定结构中:

don’t have to 表示“不必”(可以不可以都行);mustn’t表示“禁止” You don’t have to tell him about it.你不必把此事告诉他。You mustn’t tell him about it.你一定不要把这件事告诉他。4.must表示推测

1)must用在肯定句中表示较有把握的推测,意为“一定”。

2)must表对现在的状态或现在正发生的事情的推测时,must 后面通常接系动词be 的原形或行为动词的进行式。

You have worked hard all day.You must be tired.你辛苦干一整天,一定累了。(对现在情况的推测判断)He must be working in his office.他一定在办公室工作呢。比较:He must be staying there.他现在肯定在那里。He must stay there.他必须待在那里。

3)must 表示对已发生的事情的推测时,must 要接完成式。I didn’t hear the phone.I must have been asleep.我刚才没有听到电话,我想必是睡着了。

4)must表示对过去某时正发生的事情的推测,must 后面要接不定式的完成进行式。—Why didn’t you answer my phone call?

—Well,I must have been sleeping,so I didn’t hear it.5)否定推测用can’t。

If Tom didn’t leave here until five o’clock,he can’t be home yet.如果汤姆五点才离开这儿,他此时一定还未到家。5.表示推测的用法

can,could,may,might,must 皆可表示推测,其用法如下: 1)情态动词+动词原形

表示对现在或将来的情况的推测,此时动词通常为系动词。I don’t know where she is,she may be in Wuhan.我不知道她在哪儿,她可能在武汉。2)情态动词+动词现在进行时

表示对现在或将来正在进行的情况进行推测。

At this moment,our teacher must be correcting our exam papers.这时,我们老师想必在批改试卷。

3)情态动词+动词完成时表示对过去情况的推测。

We would have finished this work by the end of next December.明年12月底前我们很可能已完成这项工作了。The road is wet.It must have rained last night.地是湿的,昨天晚上一定下雨了。

4)情态动词+动词的现在完成进行时表示对过去正在发生事情的推测。Your mother must have been looking for you.你妈妈一定一直在找你。

5)推测的否定形式,疑问形式用can’t,couldn’t表示。

Mike can’t have found his car,for he came to work by bus this morning.迈克一定还没有找回他的车,因为早上他是坐公共汽车来上班的。

注意:could,might表示推测时不表示时态,其推测的程度不如can,may。6.情态动词+have+过去分词

1)may(might)have+done sth.can(could)have+done sth.表示过去,推测过去时间里可能发生的事情。

Philip may(might)have been hurt seriously in the car accident.飞利浦在那场车祸中有可能伤的很严重。

2)must have+done sth.对过去时间里可能发生的事情的推测,语气较强,具有“肯定”“谅必”的意思。

—Linda has gone to work,but her bicycle is still here.—She must have gone by bus.3)ought to have done sth./should have done sth.本应该做某事,而事实上并没有做。否定句表示“不该做某事而做了”。

He ought not to have thrown the old clothes away.(事实上已扔了。)ought to 在语气上比should 要强。4)needn’t have done sth.本没必要做某事 I dressed very warmly for the trip,but I needn’t have done so.The weather was hot.那次旅行,我穿的非常暖和,但我本没有必要那么去做。天太热了。5)would like to have done sth.本打算做某事

I would like to have read the article,but I was very busy then.我本想读那本书,但我那时太忙了。7.should 和ought to

should 和ought to 都为“应该”的意思,可用于各种人称。—Ought he to go?

—Yes.I think he ought to.表示要求,命令时,语气由 should(应该),had better最好),must(必须)渐强。8.had better表示“最好”

had better 相当于一个助动词,它只有一种形式,它后面要跟动词原形。had better do sth.最好干某事

had better not do sth.最好不干某事

had better have done sth.表示与事实相反的结果,意为“本来最好”。9.would rather表示“宁愿” would rather do 宁可干某事

would rather not do 宁可不干某事 would rather...than...宁愿……而不愿

还有would sooner,had rather,had sooner都表示“宁愿”“宁可”的意思。I would rather stay here than go home.=I would stay here rather than go home.我宁可待在这儿也不回家。

10.will和would

1)would like;would like to do=want to 想要,为固定搭配。Would you like to go with me?你想和我一块儿去吗?

2)Will you...? Would you like...?表示肯定含义的请求劝说时,疑问句 中一般用some,而不是any。

Would you like some cake?要蛋糕吗?

3)否定结构中用will,一般不用would,won’t you是一种委婉语气。Won’t you sit down?你不坐吗? 11.情态动词的回答方式

must和need相同:Yes,...must.No,...needn't/don't have to may和can could相同:Yes,...may/can/could.No,...mustn't/...'d better not/can't.shall:Yes,...can/may.No,...can't.should:Yes,...should.No,...shouldn't.will和would差不多:Yes,...do/will.No,...won't/thanks.典型例题

1)---Could I borrow your dictionary?---Yes,of course,you____.A.might B.will C.can D.should 答案C.could表示委婉的语气,并不为时态.答语中of course,表示肯定的语气,允许某人做某事时,用can和 may来表达,不能用could或might.复习:will 与you连用,用来提出要求或下命令.should与you 连用,用来提出劝告.2)---Shall I tell John about it?---No,you ___.I've told him already.A.needn't B.wouldn't C.mustn't D.shouldn't 答案A.needn't 不必,不用.wouldn't 将不,mustn't 禁止、不能.shouldn't 不应该.本题为不需要,不必的意思,应用needn't.3)---Don't forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow.---______.A.I don't B.I won't C.I can't D.I haven't 答案B.will既可当作情态动词,表请求、建议、也可作为实义动词表“意愿、意志、决心”,本题表示决心,选B.12.比较need和dare

一、need表示“需要”或“必须”,作情态动词时,仅用于否定句或疑问句中,在肯定句中一般用must,have to,ought to,或should代替。多用在否定式或疑问句中.1.Need I attend the meeting tomorrow?

我需要明天参加会议吗? 2.You need not hand in the paper this week.这一周你不必交论文。

need 是一个情态动词,他的用法完全和其他情态动词一样,但 need 还可当作实义动词使用,这时 need 就象其他动词一样,有第三人称,单复数,后面加带 to 的动词等特性。1.I need a bike to go to school.我上学需要一辆自行车。2.Do you need a dictionary? 你需要词典吗? 3.She needs a necklace.她需要一条项链。

needn't + have + 过去分词 表示过去做了没必要做的事情。You needn't have taken it seriously.这件事情你不必太认真。

二、Dare表示“敢”,Dare作情态动词时,主要用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中,一般不用在肯定句中。多用在否定或疑问句中。1.The little girl dare not speak in public.小女孩不敢在公众面前说话。2.Dare you catch the little cat? 你敢抓小猫吗? dare 除用作情态动词外,更多的是当实义动词使用,用法同实义动词一样,要考虑人称,单复数,时态等。

1.Do you dare to walk in the dark? 你敢黑夜走路吗?

2.He doesn't dare to tell the teacher what happened that day.他不敢告诉老师那天发生的事。

三、Dare和need常用作实义动词,有时态、人称和数的变化,所不同的是,作实义动词时,在肯定句中,dare后面通常接带to的不定式,在否定和疑问句中,dare后面可接带to或不带to的不定式。如:

I dare to swim across this river.He does not dare(to)answer.Don't you dare(to)touch it!I wondered he dare(to)say that.He needs to finish it this evening.另外need 的被动含义:need,want,require,worth(形容词)后面接doing,也 可以表示被动:need doing=need to be done Shall用于第一人称,表示征求对方的意愿.如:What shall we do this evening? 2.Shall用于第一、第三人称疑问句中,表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请示.如:Shall we begin our lesson? When shall he be able to leave the hospital? 3.Shall用于第二、第三人称,表示说话人给对方命令、警告、允诺或威胁.如:You shall fail if you don't work harder.(警告)He shall have the book when I finish reading.(允诺)He shall be punished.(威胁)

第五篇:情态动词教案

情态动词教案

Teaching Aims 【教学目标】 1.Knowledge Aims(知识目标)

1.掌握情态动词can, may, must, need, should…的含义和特点; 2.掌握情态动词用法。

2.Ability Aims(能力目标)

1.Encourage the students to cooperate with others and enable them to formulate

grammatical rules.2.By learning, motivate the students 'inspiration and take an active part in the course of the class.3.Emotion Aims(情感目标)

Build up the student’s confidence.Teaching Importance and Difficulties 【教学重点和难点】

1.含有情态动词的疑问句和否定句; 2.情态动词表示推测的用法。

Teaching Methods(教学方法)

Self-learning,cooperation and discussion自学(独学、对学、群学)、合作、讨论

Teaching Process(教学过程)Preparation and Self-learning 【自主学习、为新课奠基】

Complete the following tasks.(A级 识记类)(C层学生展示,B、A层学生补充)

一、何谓“情态动词”?

情态动词主要用来表示说话人的情感、态度等,是中学英语语法的重点,也是高考的热点,是单项填空必考的一个知识点。情态动词在近五年高考中主要考查四点:情态动词表示推测和可能性的用法;情态动词与虚拟语气;情态动词的表达“情感、态度、语气等”,情态动词表示 “必要性”等方面的用法。

二、情态动词的特点 1.没有人称和数的变化。2.有些情态动词有过去式的变化: e.g.will → would , can → could , may→ might , dare → dared

三、情态动词的否定形式

情态动词+ not +动词原形can not: can't , must not: mustn't , need not : needn't Cooperation and Discussion 【合作探究、讨论解疑】

Reading------知识问题化、问题层次化,提高阅读能力!(B级 理解类)(B、C层学生展示,A层学生补充)

四、情态动词的用法及相互间的区别(注意:这是常考的考点)

1.can , be able to be able to 表示经过努力后, 能够做到;be able to 有多种形式的变化。can 1).表示体力或脑力方面的能力;2).表示允许、可能性。

could 是can的过去式, 表示过去有能力及过去存在的可能性;用于疑问句表示委婉地提出问题。

1)The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone ____ get out.A.had to B.would C.could D.was able to 2)-Will you stay for lunch?-Sorry, __.My brother is coming to see me.A.I mustn't B.I can't C.I needn't D.I won't 2.may 表示询问或说明一件事可不可做;表示某事有可能发生。might是may的过去式;用在疑问中比may委婉、客气。1)-May I take this book out of the reading-room?-No, you mustn't.(Yes, you may.)2)-Might I make a suggestion?-Yes, you may.3.must 1).表示必须要做的事: 必须

2)表示很有把握的推断: 一定, 准是。have(has)to : have(has)got to 必须, 不得不。过去式: had to 3)-Must I get to the station before three o'clock?-Yes, you must.(No, you needn't.)4)I'm afraid you will have to wait a while.5)She must be in the classroom now.6)Mary ____ be in Paris, I saw her in town only a few minutes ago.A.mustn't B.shouldn't C.can't D.may not 4.shall 1)在疑问句中, 用于第一、三人称表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请求。2)用于二、三人称,表示说话人给对方的 命令、警告、允诺等概念。1)Yes, please.(No, please don't.)2)You shall have the English book as soon as I finish it.3)Everything that he owns shall be taken away from him.4)Your brother seldom comes to see you, ____? A.does he B.doesn't he C.will he D.isn't he 5)It's a fine day.Let's go fishing, ____? A.won't we B.will we C.don't we D.shall we 5.should 应该;应当

1)You should listen to the doctor's advice.2)You should study the article carefully.6.will, would 1)在疑问句中用于第二人称,表示说话人向对方提出请求或询问。用would语气更加婉转。

2)will 表示现在的习惯性动作或状态;would 表示过去的习惯性动作或状态。3)will 用于各种人称, 表示 意志、意愿、决心、允诺;would 表示过去时间的 意志、意愿、......。

(1)Don't smoke in the meeting room, ___ you? A.do youB.will you C.can you D.could you-Will you come with me?-Yes, I will.(I am sorry , I can't.)(2)-Would you tell us something about yourself?-Yes, I will.(3)_____.A.I don't B.I won't C.I can't D.I haven't 7.ought to 应该;应当

1)You oughtn't to smoke too much.2)She ____ for what she has done.A.ought to praise B.ought be praised C.ought to have praised D.ought to be praised 8.dare 1.dare to come 2.dare come 1)He dare not tell the truth.2)He doesn't dare to come out at night.3)I don't know whether he ____ try.A.dare B.needs C.wants D.is allowed 9.need 1).作为情态动词:必须 2).作为实义动词: 需要

A.主语是人 need(to do something;to be done by somebody)B.主语是事物 need(doing;to be done)1)-Do they need to take any books with them?-No, they don't need to.2)-Need we buy any new equipment?-No, we needn't.3)This farm tool needs repairing.This farm tool needs to be repaired.4)-Shall I tell John about it ?-No, you ___.I've told him already.A.needn't B.wouldn't C.mustn't D.shouldn't 5)It's a fine day.You ____ take a raincoat with you.A.can't B.mustn't C.needn't D.may not [★★★]

五、情态动词的解题例析

(1)认真审题,结合所给出的语境,正确把握说话者的语气、情感、态度、观点等。

(2)认真思考所给选项中情态动词的基本特征和用法,并结合语境推敲答案。(3)要注意把握时间概念。

情态动词无论是表达“推测和可能性”,还是表达“虚拟”这一概念,只要是对过去已经发生的事情进行描述,一律用“情态动词+have done”这一结构;对现在或将来的事情进行描述,用“情态动词+动词或系动词原形”。例如:

(NMET2008山东,24)Thank you for all your hard work last week.I don’t think we ______ it without you.A.can manage

B.could have managed C.could manage D.can have managed 根据题干中所给出的时间last week可知我们已经做完了工作,已经完成,故排除A、C两项,再结合could have done表示虚拟语气以及与前面的I don’t think…,故说话者想表达的意思是:离开了你,我们本不可能完成这项工作。故答案为B项。

Expansion and Improvement【知识拓展、能力提升】(D级 拓展类)(C、B层学生展示,A层学生补充)

★下面我们来看看常考的一些情态动词★

以下试题均来源于往年的高考试题,具有很强的针对性

(1)must表示推测,意为“一定„„”,只能用于肯定句中。must have done意为:一定做过某事或某事肯定发生了。例如:

—She looks very happy.She ______ have passed the exam.—I guess so.It’s not difficult after all.A.should

B.could

C.must

D.might 【解析】句意为:她看上去很高兴,一定是通过了考试。【答案】C(2)should(not)/ ought(not)to在中表示根据常规或常识推测,表示“某事应该或不应该发生”,语气比must或can’t / couldn’t稍弱。例如:—How’s your tour around the North Lake? Is it beautiful? —It ________ be, but it is now heavily polluted.A.will

B.would

C.should

D.must 【解析】should此处表示推测,意为“应该”。【答案】C ②There _________ be any difficulty about passing the road test since you have practiced a lot in the driving school.A.mustn’t

B.shan’t

C.shouldn’t

D.needn’t 【解析】句意:既然你在驾校进行了大量训练,那么通过道路测试按理不应该有困难。【答案】C(3)can, could表达推测时,一般用于疑问句和否定句中;can用于肯定句中表示一种理论上的可能性,并不牵涉是否真的会发生,在这种用法中can只能与动词原形连用;could用于肯定句中,语气比may/ might更弱。例如: ①You ______ be hungry already — you had lunch only two hours ago!

A.wouldn’t

B.can’t

C.mustn’t

D.needn’t ②She ______ have left school, for her bike is still here.A.can’t

B.wouldn’t

C.shouldn’t

D.needn’t ③It is usually warm in my hometown in March, but it _____ be rather cold sometime.A.must

B.can

C.should

D.would ④Peter ____ be really difficult at times even though he’s a nice person in general.A.shall

B.should

C.can

D.must 【解析】①② 两个考题中can用于中表示否定的推测,意为:不可能,一定不会; ③④两个考题中can表示理论上的可能性,翻译为:有时候会„„。【答案】① B ② A

③ B ④ C(4)may(not)/ might(not)表达一种不太把握的推测,意为“或许,可能”;might的语气比may较婉转。例如:

① Liza ___ well not want to go on the trip---she hates traveling.A.will

B.can

C.must

D.may 【解析】may well为固定搭配,意为:很可能,极有可能。【答案】D

Although this ____ sound like a simple task, great care is needed.A.must

B.may

C.shall

D.should 【解析】这听起来或许是一项简单的任务,但却需要极大的细心。【答案】B ③—I can’t find my purse anywhere.—You __ have lost it while shopping.A.may

B.can

C.should

D.would 【解析】结合语境可知,回答者是在提醒对方:或许购物时把钱包丢了。【答案】A

(二)表达虚拟语气的情态动词

对过去的一种结果的假设或虚拟,用情态动词+have done这一结构,常用的有以下几个情态动词:

(1)should(not)/ ought(not)to have done本(不)应该做某事,但却没有做或做了,含有责备或后悔之意。例如:

—I’m sorry.I _________at you the other day.—Forget it.I was a bit out of control myself.A.shouldn’t shout

B.shouldn’t have shouted C.mustn’t shout

C.mustn’t have shouted 【解析】对不起,我那天本不应该对你大喊大叫的。【答案】B(2)could have done本来能够做某事但未做。例如:

Thank you for all your hard work last week.I don’t think we ______ it without you.A.can manage

B.could have managed C.could manage

D.can have managed 【解析】根据题干中所给出的时间last week可知我们已经做完了工作,已经完成,故排除A、C两项,再结合could have done表示虚拟语气以及与前面的I don’t think„,故说话者想表达的意思是:离开了你,我们本不可能完成这项工作。【答案】B(3)needn’t have done本没有必要做某事但却做了。要注意needn’t do则表达“没有必要去做某事”,时间上应该是现在或将来。例如: ①—Catherine, I have cleaned the room for you.—Thanks.You ________ it.I could manage it myself.A.needn’t do

B.needn’t have done

C.mustn’t do

D.shouldn’t have done 【解析】根据句意可知Catherine对对方为她打扫了房间表示感谢并提到对方不必为她打扫房间。【答案】B ② The boss has given everyone a special holiday, so we

go to work tomorrow.A.can’t

B.mustn’t

C.needn’t

D.shouldn’t 【解析】老板给所有的员工放了假,所以我们明天不必再去上班。【答案】C(4)would(not)have done本来(不)会发生某事,但却(发生了)或没有发生。常用于虚拟条件句或含蓄虚拟条件引导的虚拟语气,表示对过去所发生事情结果的假设。例如:

He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise, he ________ a goal.A.had scored

B.scored

C.would score

D.would have scored 【解析】句中otherwise为含蓄条件,相当于if he had not hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball,这是对过去的一种虚拟假设。【答案】D(5)might have done表示“本来可能„„”,但实际上没有发生的事。例如: What a pity!Considering his ability and experience, he ________ better.A.need have done

B.must have done C.can have done

D.might have done 【解析】真是可惜!考虑到他的能力和经验,他本来可以做得更好的。【答案】D

(三)表达“情感、态度、语气” 等方面的情态动词 1.must表达“情感、态度、语气”主要有以下用法:

(1)表示主观的义务和必要,主要用于肯定句和疑问句,意思为“必须„„,得„„,要„„”;由must引起的疑问句,肯定回答要用must或have to,否定回答要用needn’t或don’t have to,意思是“不必”。另外,must与have to都可以表示“必须”这一含义。must表示一种主观的需要,而have to表示一种客观的需要,意思是“不得不”,其否定形式是don’ have to。例如:-What sort of house do you want to have? Something big?--Well, it ______ be big--that's not important.A.mustn't

B.needn't

C.can't

D.won't

【解析】Something big?此处意为:Must it be big? 回答者的意思是:房子不必太大—那并不重要。

【答案】B

(2)must的否定形式mustn’t表示禁止,意思是“不能,不许”。例如: When I was young, I was told that I ______ play with matches

A.wouldn't

B.needn't

C.mustn't

D.daren't 【解析】当我年轻的时候,(家人)就一直告诫我千万不要玩火柴。【答案】C(3)must用于条件句或疑问句中,可以用来表示责备、抱怨的感情色彩,意思为“偏要,硬要、干嘛”。例如: ①—May I smoke here ? —If you ____, choose a seat in the smoking section.A.should

B.could

C.may

D.must ②John, look at the time.___________ you play the piano at such a late hour? A.Must

B.Can

C.May

D.Need 【解析】must在这两道试题中均表示“非得,偏要”。【答案】① D

② A 2.should(1)should应该,表示“责任和义务”。例如:

According to the air traffic rules, you ___ switch off your mobile phone before boarding.A.may

B.can

C.would

D.should 【解析】should此处表示根据交通法规应尽的责任和义务。【答案】D(2)在虚拟条件句中用以加强假设语气,表示“与将来事实相反的假设”,用 If+主语+ should +动词原形,当“万一(会)”讲。这时可省略if,将should提到句首,变为倒装句式。请看下面的例子:

If it should rain(=Should it rain)tomorrow, I would stay at home.万一明天下雨的话,我就待在家里。再如:

________ fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off.A.Would you be

B.Should you be

C.Could you be

D.Might you be 【解析】句意:万一你被解雇,给你的医疗救助和其它方面的福利也不会被取消。【答案】B(3)should还可以用来表示说话人对某事不能理解、赶到意外、惊异等意思,译为“竟然,竟会”。例如:

You can’t imagine that a well-behaved gentleman _____ be so rude to a lady.A.might

B.need

C.should

D.would 【解析】句意:你想象不到这么一个表现良好的绅士竟然会对一个女士这么粗鲁。【答案】C 3.shall(1)shall用于第一和第三人称,常用于疑问句中,用来征求对方意见。例如: ①—What’s the name? —Khulaifi._________ I spell it for you?

A.Shall

B.Would

C.Can

D.Might 【答案】A

(2)用于第二和第三人称,表示“命令、威胁、警告、允诺、”等。例如: —Excuse me.But I want to use your computer to type a report.—You _____have my computer if you don’t take care of it.A.shan’t

B.might not

C.needn’t

D.shouldn’t 【解析】shall此处表示“警告”。【答案】A(3)shall也用于宣布法律、规定的要求。例如: ①—What does the sign over there read? —“No person ________ smoke or carry a lighted cigarette,cigar or pipe in this area.”

A.will

B.may

C.shall

D.must 【解析】禁止吸烟是此处的规定。【答案】C 4.can(1)can可以用来表示惊异、怀疑、不相信的态度,主要用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中。例如:

How ______ you say that you really understand the whole story if you have only covered only part of the article? A.can

B.must

C.need

D.may 【答案】A(2)can也可以用来表示请求或许可。例如: —Mum, I’ve been studying English since 8 o’clock.______I go out and play with Tom for a while? —No, I’m afraid not.Besides, it’s raining outside now.A.Can’t

B.Wouldn’t

C.May

D.Won’t 【答案】A(3)can可以表达一般的或永久的能力。be able to也可表达能力,但常用来表达在某件事情中所表现出来的能力,尤指克服困难能够完成某事。例如: ①

If it were not for the fact that she ______ sing, I would invite her to the party.A.couldn’t

B.shouldn’t

C.can’t

D.might not ②

The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone ______ get out.A.had to

B.would

C.could

D.was able to 【答案】C 5.would(1)will与would可表示“意愿;意志 ”。

例如: John promised his doctor he _____ not smoke and he has never smoked ever since.A.might

B.should

C.could

D.would 【解析】根据promise可知此处是John向医生表明自己的意志。【答案】D(2)would表示过去倾向性或习惯性的动作。used to 也有这一用法,但used to即可用来表达过去的习惯性的动作,也可用来表示过去的状态。例如:

① When he was there, he ___ go to that coffee shop at the corner after work every day.A.would

B.should

C.had better

D.might ② In my opinion, life in the twenty-first century is much easier than ________.A.that used to be

B.it is used to

C.it was used to

D.it used to be 【解析】第一题would指过去习惯性的动作;第二题it 替代life, used to be 指过去的样子。【答案】A D

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