第一篇:2016江西教师招聘考试初中英语语法大全:冠词
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2016江西教师招聘考试初中英语语法大全:冠词
冠词是虚词,本身不能单独使用,也没有词义,它用在名词的前面帮助指明名词的含义。冠词分为不定冠词a(an)和定冠词the两种。不定冠词仅用在单数可数名词前面,表示“一”的意义,但不强调数目观念,只表示名词为不特定者。定冠词则表示名词为特定者,表示“这”、“那”、“这些”、“那些”的意思,在可数的单复数名词或不可数名词前面都可以用。I 不定冠词
We need an apple and a knife.我们需要一个苹果和一把刀子。1.a和an的区别
不定冠词有a[+]和an[+Q]两种形式,a用于辅音(不是辅音字母)开头的词前。an用于元音(不是元音字母)开头的词前。
a boy, a university, a European country u是元音字母,但发音是[U(],是辅音。an hour,an honor,an island
h是辅音字母,但它不发音,它的音标是是元音。an elephant,an umbrella,an egg 2(1)不定冠词的用法
①泛指—类人或物。
eg.This is a pencil case.②指不具体的某个人或物。
eg.I met an old man On my way home.③用在序数词前,相当于another.eg.There’s a third boy near the shop.④表示“每—(个)”,相当于every.eg.They have music lessons twice a week.必背!
give a lesson
take a bath
have a rest
教(一堂)课
洗(个)澡
休息
have a talk
have a fever
have a good time
听报告
发烧
过得愉快
have(take)a walk
have a headache
have a nice trip 散步
头疼
旅途愉快
a lot of, a lot, a little, a few, a glass of, such a/an, have a word with, have a look, have a try, have a swim, a quarter, half an hour, three times a day, have a talk, give a talk, ten Yuan a kilo(2)不定冠词的位置
①不定冠词—般放在所修饰的单数可数名词前。eg, a bike, an egg
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②当名词被such, what, many修饰时,不定冠词放在这些词之后。eg.It took me half an hour to finish my homework.He left in such a hurry that he forgot to close the door.What a dangerous job it is!
Many a man has gone to the big cities for work.③当名词前的形容词前有so, how, too等词时,不定冠词应放在形容词之后。Eg.She was so nice a girl that she took the blind man to the station.How nice a film this is!
④当名词前面有形容词和quite, rather, very时,不定冠词放在quite, rather之后,very之前。
eg.It is quite a good book.That is rather a useful too1.This is a very interesting story.II.定冠词的用法
(1)定冠词的用法表示上文中所提到过的人或物。
eg:I have two children, a boy and a girl.The boy’s name is Mark.The girl’s name is Penny.(2)特指某(些)人或物。
eg:The girl in a red dress comes from America.(3)指说话人和听话人都熟悉的人或物。eg: My shoes are under the bed.Please open the window.(4)用在形容最高级和部分比较级前,及形容词only,very,same等前面:
Eg: That's the very thing I've been looking for.那正是我要找的东西。
Tom is the taller of the two boys.He is the only person who didn't pass the exam.他是唯一一个没通过考试的人。(5)用在序数词前。
eg Monday is the second day of a week.Where do you live? I live on the second floor.(6)用在世界上独一无二的事物前(如太阳、月亮、世界、地球、天空、宇宙等)。eg The moon moves round the earth.(7)用在某些形容词前,表示—类人或物。
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the rich(富人),the poor(穷人),the deaf(聋人),the blind(盲人),the dead(死者),the wounded(伤员)
(8)用在姓氏复数前,表示“某某—家人”或“某某夫妇”。eg.The Greens are having dinner at home.(9)用在乐器前。(但中华民族乐器前不用冠词,play Erhu拉二胡)eg.play the piano/guitar/violin/drums.(10)用于逢“十”的复数数词前,指某个世纪中的几十年代或人的大约年岁。eg.In the 1970s, a highway was built to linkup the city with my hometown.I think he is in the thirties.(11)用在江河、海洋、山脉、湖泊、群岛的名称的前面。
the Yangzi River
长江 the North China Plain
华北平原 the Rocky Mountains
洛矶山脉 the Black Sea
黑海(12)用在由普通名词和另外一些词构成的专有名词前面。the Beijing Railway Station
北京站 the People's Republic of China
中华人民共和国
the United Nations
联合国(13)含有定冠词the的词组。
in the morning(afternoon ,evening)在上午(下午、晚上)on the right 在左边 by the way 顺便说一下
go to the cinema(theatre ,concert„)去看电影(看戏、听音乐会„„)in the front of 在前部 in the front of 在中间 at(in)the beginning 开始 in the end 终于 in the daytime 白天
on the one hand , on the other hand 一方面„„;另一方面
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注意:
表示某一类人或事物时,以下三种方法都可以。如: The horse is a useful animal.(用定冠词)A horse is a useful animal.(用不定冠词)Horses are useful animals.(用复数)马是一种有用的动物。III.不用冠词的情况:
(1)名词前有指示代词this, that, these, those时不用冠词。eg.That girl is my friend.(2)名词前有物主代词my, your, his her, their等时不用冠词。
eg.Lucy is her sister.(3)名词前有whose, which, any, each, every等代词时不用冠词。eg.Which man is Mr Green?
Each student has a beautiful picture.(4)复数名词表示一类人或物时不用冠词。
eg.Those young men are teachers, not students.(5)物质名词表示种类时不用冠词。eg.Snow is white.(6)抽象名词表示一般概念时不用冠词。eg.Does she like music?
(7)在球类运动和棋类游戏前时不用冠词。eg.play basketball/soccer/chess(8)在三餐前不用冠词。
eg.have breakfast/lunch/supper/dinner(9)在人名、地名、节假日、星期、月份前不用。
eg.Tina, China, Tiananmen Square, New Year’s Day, Tuesday, January National Day 国庆节 注意
在民间节日,即以Festival 组成的节日名称前要加the。
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如:the Spring festival 春节(10)在学科和节目名称前不用冠词。
(11)家庭成员的名称、称呼语或只有一人担任的职务的名词前不用冠词。注意
此时要用大写Mother
Father is at home, but Mother isn't.此时要用大写Mother 爸爸在家,妈妈不在家。We'll make you monitor.我们会让你当上班长的。
Sir, may you answer me a question? 先生,您能回答我一个问题吗?
My favorite is English.(12)在某些固定搭配中不用冠词。
eg.at noon, at work, at home, by bus, by air, on foot, from morning till night, night, go to school, go to bed, at last
4.在有些词组中,用冠词和不用冠词意思有较大区别。in hospital(在住院);in the hospital(在医院)in prison(在坐牢);in the prison(在监狱里)at table(吃饭,用餐);at the table(在桌旁)
in front of(在某个范围之外的前面);in the front of(在某个范围之外的前面)go to college(上大学);go to the college(去那所大学)take place(发生);take the place(代替)III.不用冠词的情况:
(1)名词前有指示代词this, that, these, those时不用冠词。eg.That girl is my friend.(2)名词前有物主代词my, your, his her, their等时不用冠词。
eg.Lucy is her sister.(3)名词前有whose, which, any, each, every等代词时不用冠词。
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eg.Which man is Mr Green?
Each student has a beautiful picture.(4)复数名词表示一类人或物时不用冠词。
eg.Those young men are teachers, not students.(5)物质名词表示种类时不用冠词。eg.Snow is white.(6)抽象名词表示一般概念时不用冠词。eg.Does she like music?
(7)在球类运动和棋类游戏前时不用冠词。eg.play basketball/soccer/chess(8)在三餐前不用冠词。
eg.have breakfast/lunch/supper/dinner(9)在人名、地名、节假日、星期、月份前不用。
eg.Tina, China, Tiananmen Square, New Year’s Day, Tuesday, January National Day 国庆节 注意
在民间节日,即以Festival 组成的节日名称前要加the。如:the Spring festival 春节(10)在学科和节目名称前不用冠词。
(11)家庭成员的名称、称呼语或只有一人担任的职务的名词前不用冠词。注意
此时要用大写Mother
Father is at home, but Mother isn't.此时要用大写Mother 爸爸在家,妈妈不在家。We'll make you monitor.我们会让你当上班长的。
Sir, may you answer me a question? 先生,您能回答我一个问题吗?
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My favorite is English.(12)在某些固定搭配中不用冠词。
eg.at noon, at work, at home, by bus, by air, on foot, from morning till night, at night, go to school, go to bed, at last
4.在有些词组中,用冠词和不用冠词意思有较大区别。in hospital(在住院);in the hospital(在医院)in prison(在坐牢);in the prison(在监狱里)at table(吃饭,用餐);at the table(在桌旁)
in front of(在某个范围之外的前面);in the front of(在某个范围之外的前面)go to college(上大学);go to the college(去那所大学)take place(发生);take the place(代替)IV、冠词基本用法 【速记口诀】
名词是秃子,常要戴帽子,可数名词单,须用a或an,辅音前用a,an在元音前,若为特指时,则须用定冠,复数不可数,泛指the不见,碰到代词时,冠词均不现。
【妙语诠释】 冠词是中考必考的语法知识之一,也是中考考查的主要对象。以上口诀包括的意思有:①名词在一般情况下不单用,常常要和冠词连用;②表示不确指的可数名词单数前要用不定冠词a或an,确指时要用定冠词the;③如复数名词表示泛指,名词前有this,these,my,some等时就不用冠词。V冠词的易错点: It's time for dinner.Kings are at
table. A./,the B.the, the C.The,/ D./,/
答案: C.在姓氏复数前用the表示一家人,就餐用at table. 2-What do you usually have for breakfast?
-I often have
bread and
milk. A./,/ B./,the C.a,/ D.the, the 答案: A.物质名词前一般不用冠词。 Don't give up, try for
second twice. A.the B.a C./ D.an
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答案: B.根据题意,请再试一次,序数词second前加a,表示another。4 Would you go for
walk with me after
supper? A.the,/ B.a,/ C./,the D./,a
答案: B.go for a walk为固定搭配,三餐前不加冠词。
There isn't water or air on the moon, and
man can't live on it. A.a B.the C.one D./
答案: D.当man表示人类时,前面不加冠词。
more you read English,better you'll learn. A.The, the B./,/ C.A, a D.The, a 答案: A.定冠词the用于比较级中,表示越„,越„
7The Greens ______ upstairs.A.live B.lives C.are lives D.living
此题是考查定冠词放在姓氏前面表示一家人,the Greens意为 “格林一家人”,是复数,故选A。
8There is _____“h” in _____ word“ hour”.A.a;a B.an;the C.the;the D.an;an
这道题主要考查学生对冠词的掌握情况。h虽然是辅音字母,但发/eitF/的音,是元音音素开头的,故其前用an。而word“hour”是特指“h”所在的那个词,后面一空用the。所以选B。
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第二篇:2016江西教师招聘考试初中英语语法:数词
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2016江西教师招聘考试初中英语语法大全:数词
定义:表示数目多少或顺序多少的词叫数词,数词分为基数词和序数词。表示数目多少的数词叫基数词;表示顺序的数词叫序数词。I基数词
1.基数词的构成(1)1-20
one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten,eleven,twelve,thirteen,fourteen,fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen, twenty(2)21-99 先说“几十”,再说“几”,中间加连字符。
23→twenty-three,34→thirty-four,45→forty—five,56→fifty-six,67→sixty-seven,78→seventy-eight,89→eighty-nine,91→ninety-one(3)101—999先说“几百”,再加and,再加末两位数或末位数; 586→five hundred and eighty-six,803→eight hundred and three
(4)l,000以上,先从右往左数,每三位数加一个“,”,第一个“,”前为thousand.第二个“,”前为
million,第三个“,”前为billion(美式)或thousand ,million(英式),然后一节一节地表示。
1,001→on e thousand and one
9,785→nine thousand, seven hundred and eighty-five
18,423→eighteen thousand, four hundred and twenty-three
6,260,309→six million two hundred and sixty thousand three hundred and nine
750,000,000,000→seven hundred and fifty, billion(美式)seven hundred and fifty thousand million(英式)2.基数词的用法(1)作主语
eg.Four Of them come from Paris.(2)作宾语
eg.一 How many books would you like? 一I would like two.(3)作表语
eg.Seven minus two is five.(4)作定语
eg.There are three people in my family•(5)作同位语
eg.You two will go swimming with us.(6)表具体数字时,hundred, thousand ,million用单数。
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eg.There are six hundred students in our grade.(7)表不确定的数字时,数词用复数。若带名词,再加of。hundreds of(数百,成百上千的),thousands of(数干,成千上万的),millions of(数百万)two thousand(两千)Thousands and thousands of people have visited the city.成千上万的人参观了这座城市。
(8)在一些表示“一排”或“一组”的词组里;
eg,They arrived in two sand threes.他们三三两两地来了。(9)表示“„十”的数词的复数可以表示人的岁数或年代。eg.He is in his early thirties.他有三十来岁(31—34岁): This took place in the 1930s.这事发生在二十世纪三十年代;(10)表示时刻 钟点表达法。
顺读法(钟点+分钟)如:4:30 four thirty 4:45 four forty-five 4:15 four fifteen 倒读法(分钟+to/past+钟点)
如:4:30 half past four
4:15 fifteen past four/a quarter past four 4:45 fifteen to five/a quarter to five
eg.I watch CCTV News at seven o’clock every evening.(11)表示百分数
百分数的表达方式是:基数词+ percent(单数形式)+of+名词。如:
Thirty percent of the students in my class are from cities.我班30%的学生来自城市。
About 61 percent of the surface is covered by water.大约61%的表面被水覆盖着。
(12)小数的读法:小数点读作“point”,小数后各位数要分别读,小数点前的数若为“0”可略去不读。
Examples: 2.468 读作:two point four six eight
0.157 读作:(zero)point one five seven II 序数词
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1.序数词的构成
(1)一般在基数词后加th
eg.four→fourth,thirteen→thirteenth(2)不规则变化
one→first, two→second, three→third, five→fifth,eight→eighth, nine→ninth,twelve——twelfth
(3)以y结尾的十位整数,变y为ie再加th
twenty→twentieth, forty→fortieth, ninety→ninetieth
(4)从二十一后的“几十几”直至“几百几十几”或“几千几百几十几”只将个位的基数词变为序数词。
twenty-first,two hundred and forty-fifth 2.序数词的用法
(1)序数词作定语时,一般要与定冠词或物主代词连用。eg.Tom is their second son.He is the first one to come here.(2)序数词有时可与不定冠词连用,表示数量上“又—”,“再一” eg: He tried a second time.他又试了—次。
Shall l ask him a third time?还要我再问他—次吗?我已问了他两次)(3)序数词的缩写形式为:阿拉伯数字加上这个词的末尾两个字母。1st 2nd,3rd,4th,20th,21st,22nd,23rd
(4)表示年、月、日时,年用基数词,日用序数词。
2005年8月15日:(英)15,8,2005=15th,August,2005;(美)8,15,2005=August 15th,2005 III基数词和序数词都可以用来给数字编号
The first lesson=Lesson Two(第二课)第305房间:Room three o(零)five 长安街76号:seventy-six Changan Street
电话号码:204-2244:telephone number two o(零)four two two(double two four four 十一路公共汽车:Bus(No.)eleven IV分数词的表达
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分子用基数词,分母用序数词,分子大于1时,分母加s
eg.1/3-one third;2/5-two fifths V数学运算的表达
eg.3+5=8 Three plus/and five is eight.9-2=7 Nine minus two is seven.6x5=30 Five times six is thirty /six unutilized five is thirty.8÷2=4 Eight divided by two is four.VI倍数表示法
a.主语+谓语+倍数(或分数)+ as + adj.+ as
I have three times as many as you.我有你三倍那么多。
b.主语+谓语+倍数(分数)+ the size(amount,length„)of„
The earth is 49 times the size of the moon.地球是月球的49倍。
c.主语+谓语+倍数(分数)+ 形容词(副词)比较级+ than„
The grain output is 8 percent higher this year than that of last year.今年比去年粮食产量增加8%。
d.还可以用by+倍数,表示增加多少倍
The production of grain has been increased by four times this year.今年粮食产量增加了4倍。
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第三篇:初中英语语法冠词教案
第4单元 冠词
(一)不定冠词a,an
1表示人或事物的某一类(含义相当于一类事物的任何一个) 『例』My father is a driver.Do you like an apple or a pear? She is a girl.
A horse is an animal.An elephant is bigger than a horse.A monkey can climb trees.
2a用于辅音音素开头的词前,an用于元音音素开头的词前。 『例』a university,an hour,an honest boy
3用于表示数量、时间的名词前,表示“每一”的意思,但数的概念没有one强烈。『例』The plan will be ready in a day or two.有些不可数名词要表示“一种”、“一场”、“一堆”时,须加不定冠词 『例』a heavy snow, a strong wind, make a fire,have a good time
5用于某些固定短语中
『例』a lot of,in a hurry, leave a message, half an hour,a moment ago,have a rest
(二)定冠词
1.特指某个或某些人或事物,或指谈话双方都知道的人或事物,或重复上文提过的人或事物。
『例』How do you like the film?
I have got a picture.The picture is very nice.
2.用于指世界上独一无二的事物。
『例』 the sun the moon the earth The earth is bigger than the moon, but smaller than the sun.
3.定冠词the用于序数词前或表示方位的名词前和形容词最高级前 或“same/only/very+名词”前。
『例』the first the best in the south
in the same class He is the only person who knows the secret.
4.用在形容词前表示一类人或事物。 『例』
The old The rich The poor The young
etc.
5.用于江湖、海洋、山脉、群岛的名称前面。 『例』
the Yellow River, the Himalayas
6.在复数姓氏前加the,表示某某一家人,常看成复数
『例』The Browns are going to Shanghai for a holiday this summer.=The Brown family are going to Shanghai for a holiday this summer.
The Smiths are watching TV.
7.乐器名称前用定冠词the
『例』play the piano, play the violin, John played the piano very well.
8.在一些专有名词和习惯用语中常用定冠词the。 『例』 the Great Wall, by the way, in the morning, the People's Republic of China,the White house
(三)不用冠词的情况
1.专有名词人名,地名,节日,月份,年份,星期和不可数名词(一般指物质名词和抽象名词)前一般不用冠词。
『例』
in summer, in August, on Sunday, China, Grade Two,Mr.Li,Dr.Liu,meat
2.球类,棋类,语言,三餐,游戏名称和颜色前不加冠词。
『例』in purple, in red, Japanese, Britain, play football,have breakfast
3.名词前已有this, that, my, your, some, any, no等代词作定语时,不用冠词。
4.在表示家庭成员名称,称呼语,表示头衔或职务的名词前不加冠词。
5.表示某一类人或事物的复数名词前。
注意下列词组的区别:
in fort of=一个物体在另一个物体的前面,in the front of=在一个整体里,特指前面部分;
in hospital= 住院,in the hospital=在医院里;
a number of children=许多小孩,The number of children =孩子的数量
第四篇:高中英语语法——冠词
冠词的定义:
冠词是虚词,本身不能单独使用,也没有词义,它用在名词的前面,帮助指明名词的含义。
冠词的分类:
冠词分为不定冠词、定冠词和零冠词三种。
不定冠词:泛指、类指
定冠词:特指、专指、类指
零冠词:泛指人或事物、类指
不定冠词的用法:
“a”用在以辅音音素开头的词前,而不是辅音字母前;“an”用在以元音音素开头的词前,而不是元音字母前,(当字母单独出现时 A E I O R S F H L X 也要使用不定冠词“an”,※ U 这个字母单独出现发的并不是元音)。
1.用于可数名词的单数形式之前,表示“一”
There is a tiger in the zoo.A hundred and more people attended this meeting.2.表示一类人或事物
A tiger can be dangerous.※定冠词the+形容词(也代表一类人)(eg: the poor)
3.表示“某一个”或者是指想要成为“像...样的人物”的意思
A Mr Smith wants to see you.He wants to be a Max in the future.4.表示“同一”;“每一”的意思
They are nearly of an age.The two shirts are much of a size.We go swimming four times a week.5.用在作表语的[C]前,表示身份、职业
My mother is a teacher.6.第一次提到的人或事物,但不特别指明是哪一个
Long long ago there was an old king who had a very beautiful daughter.1
用在某些表示数量的词组中:
a lot of 许多a couple of 一对
a dozen 一打(但也可以用 one dozen)
※用于习惯用语中※
all of a sudden 突然in fact=as a matter of fact 事实上
as a result 结果a little 一点;一些a bit 一点
a great many=a very large number of许多;大量a great deal(of...)许多a lot(of...)许多
have a good(nice/wonderful/great)time 玩得高兴
定冠词用法:
1.用以特指某(些)人或某(些)事物
This is the house where Luxun once lived.2.用于指谈话双方都明确所指的人或事物
Open the door, please.3.用以复述上文提过的人或事物(第一次提到用“a或an”,以后再次提到用“the”)Once there lived a lion in the forest.Every day the lion asked small animals to look for food for him.4.用在序数词和形容词最高级前
He is always the first to come and the last to leave.Shanghai is the biggest city in China.5.表示世界上独一无二的事物
the sun 太阳the moon 月亮 the earth 地球 the sky 天空
※a red sun:一轮红日;a bright moon:一轮明月
6.指由普通名词构成的专有名词
the West Lake 西湖the Great Wall 长城
the United States 美国the United Nations 联合国
the Summer Palace颐和园
7.用于表示地点、方位,具体的时间或某天的一部分等。
in the east 在东方 in the west 在西方
in the front 在前面 at the back 在后面
on the right 在右边 on the left 在左边
8.在海洋、江河、湖泊、山脉、海峡、海湾等地理名词前要用the
the Pacific Ocean 太平洋the Huanghe River 黄河
the Tianshan Mountains 天山山脉the Taiwan Straits 台湾海峡
9.在姓氏复数前,表示一家人
The Smiths came to see me yesterday.10.the和某些形容词连用,使形容词名词化,代表一类人或物
the poor 穷人the rich 富人the wounded 伤员
the old 老人the disabled 残疾人the deaf聋哑人
11.用在由普通名词构成的国家名称、机关团体、阶级、政党的名词前
the People's Republic of China中华人民共和国
the working class 工人阶级
12.用在the very强调句中表示“恰恰是,正是”
This is the very book I want.这就是我想要的那本书。
13.在the more, the more比较级的句式中
The more, the better.越多越好
14.用于西洋乐器前
play the piano 弹钢琴play the violin 拉小提琴
*中国乐器名词前不与冠词连用:play erhu(二胡)]
15.the加单数可数名词可以表示一类人或事物
The horse is a useful animal.16.在句型“动词+sb.+介词+the+身体某一部位”中要用 the,而不
用人称代词。[口诀:敲(knock)打(strike/beat/hit)拍(pat)牵(draw)拉(pull)拽(drag)全部不用他|她|它,而是选择the]
knock at the door:敲门
hit sb.in the face 打某人的脸
take sb by the arm 抓住某人的手臂
draw sb by the collar:抓住某人的领带
17.用在世纪或逢时{1990}的复数名词前
in the 18th century 在18世纪in the 1960s 在20世纪60年代
18、用于报刊 杂志 会议 条义 历史 时期 朝代的名词前
the Xian incident 西安事变the Tang Dynasty 唐朝
固定搭配
in the morning 在早上go to the cinema 去看电影
all the year round 一年到头
on the way to 前往...去的路上
零冠词的用法:
1.专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词前一般不加冠词(在特指时加冠词)Europe 欧洲Money 金钱Music 音乐
William Shakespeare 威廉·莎士比亚
Failure is the mother of success.2、月份、星期、节假日 前一般不加冠词(在特指时加冠词)
January 一月份Sunday 星期日
Thanksgiving Day 感恩节National Day 国庆节
※...on a Sunday morning.在一个星期天的早晨...(表示某一个。)
※民族节日前要加theeg:the Spring Festival 春节
3.三餐、四季前一般不加冠词,三餐前加[adj]时要用冠词,I have lunch at school.※ 比较:I had a big lunch yesterday.The dinner given by Mr Smith was very nice.4.进行球类运动 交通工具 学科名称前不加冠词
play volleyball 打排球by air坐飞机French 法语
5.没有特指的物质名词、不可数抽象名词、可数名词复数、专有名词前一般
不用冠词。
This desk is made of wood.※ 比较:The wood outside was all wet.6、在街道名称以及专有名词命名的公共场所的名词前一般不用冠词
Buckingham Palace:白金汉宫Downing Street唐宁街
7.独立结构中的名词以及在普通名词+as引导的让步状语从句中不加冠词 :A boy came in, book in hand.Child as he is,he knows a great deal.8.指唯一的职位、头衔时,如king,captain,president,chairman 不用冠词。He is captain of the team.他是球队的队长。
We elected him manager of our company.我们选他为公司的经理。
冠词位置:
1)不定冠词位置
不定冠词常位于名词或名词修饰语前。注意:
a.位于下列形容词之后: such,what,many,half,I have never seen such an animal.Many a man is fit for the job.b.当名词前的形容词被副词as, so, too, how, however, enough修饰时,不定冠
词应放在形容词之后:
It is as pleasant a day as I have ever spent.So short a time.Too long a distance.c.quite,rather与单数名词连用,冠词放在其后。但当rather,quite 前仍有形容词,不定冠词放其前后均可。如:quite a lot
d.在as,though 引导的让步状语从句中,当标语为形容词修饰的名词时,不定冠词放形容词后:
Brave a man though he is,he trembles at the sight of snakes.2)定冠词位置
定冠词通常位于名词或名词修饰语前,但放在all,both,double,half,twice,three times等词之后,名词之前。
All the students in the class went out.班里的所有学生都出去了。
第五篇:英语语法---名词、代词和冠词
英语语法---冠词 冠词基本用法 【速记口诀】
名词是秃子,常要戴帽子,可数名词单,须用a或an,辅音前用a,an在元音前,若为特指时,则须用定冠,复数不可数,泛指the不见,碰到代词时,冠词均不现。【妙语诠释】
冠词是中考必考的语法知识之一,也是中考考查的主要对象。以上口诀包括的意思有:①名词在一般情况下不单用,常常要和冠词连用;②表示不确指的可数名词单数前要用不定冠词a或an,确指时要用定冠词the;③如复数名词表示泛指,名词前有this,these,my,some等时就不用冠词。英语语法---名词
(一)可数名词的复数构成 A.规则变化 1.单词后加S 2.单词后加ES(以CH等结尾的单词)3.以F或FE结尾,变为VE加S B.不规则变化
1.单复同形
deer sheep
fish
Chinese
Japanese
means 2.只有复数形式
people
police
cattl
clothes
trousers,glasses 3.不规则变化
man----men
woman----women
foot-----feet
tooth-----teeth mouse------mice
child-----children
German------Germans 4.复合名词的复数 1)将后一部分变成复数
Englishman---Englishmen gentleman---gentlemen policewoman----policewomen 2)将主要成分变成复数
looker-on----lookers-on
son-in-law----sons-in-law
3)如果前一词是man, woman,将两部分都变成复数 men doctors
women 小结
grown-up----grown-ups
名词单数变复数规则 【速记口诀】
单数变复数,规则要记住,一般加s,特殊有几处: 【妙语诠释】
①大部分单数可数名词变为复数要加s,也就是单词如果以ch,sh,s,x等结尾),则一般加es;②以o结尾的单词除了两人(negro,hero)两菜(tomato,potato)加es外,其余一般加s;③以f或fe结尾的单词一般是把f,fe变为ve再加s;④英语中还有些单词没有规则,需要特殊记忆,如child—children,mouse—mice,deer—deer,sheep—sheep,Chinese—Chinese,ox— oxen,man—men,woman—women,foot—feet,tooth—teeth。
(二)名词所有格
1.表示有生命的东西的名词,所有格在名词后加’s Mr Li’s house
The cat’s food
James’ dog
The dogs’ food 2.表示无生命的东西的名词,用of+名词的结构来表示 The leg of the desk
the cover of the magazine 3.在时间,距离,度量,价值等名词后,可用名词所有格。Two months’ time
Today’s newspaper
fifty pounds’ weight 4.表示店铺或某人的家时,常在所有格后省去shop, home.The doctor’s
the tailor’s
my uncle’s
the barber’s 5.名词前有冠词,数词,不定代词或指示代词时,用of词组+所有格表示 a friend of John’s
that bike of Tom’s 6.某样东西为两人或多人共有,在后一个名词尾+’s.Jane and Fred’s mother
Jane’s and Fred’s mother Tom and Tim’s car
Tom’s and Tim’s car 小结
名词所有格用法 【速记口诀】
名词所有格,表物是“谁的”,若为生命词,加“’s”即可行,词尾有s,仅把逗号择;并列名词后,各自和共有,前者分别加,后者最后加;若为无生命词,of所有格,前后须倒置,此是硬规则。【妙语诠释】
①有生命的名词所有格一般加s,但如果名词以s结尾,则只加“’”;②并列名词所有格表示各自所有时,分别加“’s”,如果是共有,则只在最后名词加 “’s”;③如果是无生命的名词则用of表示所有格,这里需要注意它们的顺序与汉语不同,A of B要翻译为B的A(三)主谓一致
主语是复数,谓语用复数,主语是单数,谓语用单数。He is a student.We are students.1
and 连接两个名词,看有无the.The professor and writer is going to give us a lecture of writing.The professor and the writer are going to our school.2
主语单数+ with/as well as/ but/except/besides/including …+谓语单数
主语复数+ with/as well as/ but/except/besides/including …+谓语复数 A library with five thousand books is offered to the nation as a gift.3.有些名词复数形式作为一个整体,(如度量,距离,金额,时间,书名等)其谓语动词用单数。Two weeks ___(be)not enough to finish the work.1000 dollars ___(be)a large amount of money.4.There be 句型就近原则。
There ____ a pair of glasses on the desk.There ____ two patients and a nurse in the hospital.5.某些集体名词,如family ,team 等做主语时,若当一个整体看,谓语动词就用单数,若就其中一个一个成员来看,谓语动词就用复数,class , club, audience ,committee , crowd , government , party, public , team 等。其中population 的用法也类似
His family _____(be)a happy family.All the world ________(be)waiting for the good news.6.成双成对构成的东西,如glasses, shoes, chopsticks, scissors等作主语,谓语动词用复数形式,但与a pair一起构成作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
7.each , every+名词,谓语用单数。
Each boy and girl ________(want)to serve the people in the future.8.以 either …or , neither …nor , not only … but also,not…but…等连接两个并列主语时,谓语动词的单复数应按照就近原则。
Either you or he ______(be)to go.Not only he but also I ______(be)wrong.9.…几分之几/。。百分之几+of +名词单数 + 谓语单数
…几分之几/。。百分之几+of +名词复数 + 谓语复数 Three-fifths of money _____(have)been used up.10.…one of +复数名词 +谓语复数
…the only/the very one of + 复数名词 +谓语单数 He is one of the boys that have passed the maths test.