初中英语“定语从句” 考点分类讲解

第一篇：初中英语“定语从句” 考点分类讲解

定语从句是各地中考英语的必考内容之一，结合近几年的中考英语试题，给同学们总结了定语从句的考点并进行了全面的解析，在这里分享给大家，方便同学们考前的再复习。

首先大家要清楚，什么是定语从句？就是指在复合句中，修饰某一个名词或代词的从句，叫定语从句，被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。同学们还要知道定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词。常见的关系代词包括that, which, who, whom, whose等。关系副词包括where, when, why等。接下来说一说，定语从句考查的重点：

1、考查关系代词与关系副词的用法。

选择关系代词还是关系副词的关键，取决于关系词在句中所充当的成分，如果关系词在从句中做主语，宾语，表语、定语时，只能用关系代词，如果关系词在从句中作状语，就用关系副词。看下面的例题解析：

考点归纳：英语从句中常见的关系代词，它们的用法分别是： 1）who用来指人，也就是说，它的先行词必须是人，在定语从句中充当主语或宾语。要注意的是who的前面不能有介词，如果带介词，就必须用宾格whom形式。大家看下面的例句：

2）whose是代词的所有格，它既可以指代人，也可以指代物，让它指代物的时候，相当于of which 例如，3）在限制性定语从句中，which, that可以通用，但有的时候只能用which，不用that看下面分析:

2、考查只能用that引导的定语从句，有下面几种情况：

3、考查which在非限定性从句中的用法。大家要先知道什么是非限定性定语从句，它是先行词的一个附加修饰语，是对先行词的补充说明，删掉它不影响整个句子的意思。那么限定性定语从句呢？它是用于修饰和限定先行词，与先行词之间的关系非常密切，如果去掉，剩下的那部分意思就含糊不清了。看下面的具体分析：

接下来我们，具体看一下，限定性从句和非限定性从句的区别，列表解释如下：

4、综合考查引导宾语从句的连词和引导定语从句的代词用法，例如：

5、考查简单句转化为含有定语从句的复合句，例句解析：

6、考查含有定语从句的复合句转化为简单句。

7、考查定语从句中动词的时态。

这类时态题在近几年各地中考试题中经常出现，在定语从句中考查动词的时态，是大家很难准确判断动词的时态。在解答这类题的时候，同学们一定要领会语境，然后再根据主句和从句中动词的先后顺序来确定动词的时态。看下面例题：

总之，定语从句知识点非常多，同学们在复习的时候，要牢固掌握这些基本考点，并进行适当的练习，中考一定会考得好成绩。

第二篇：初中英语定语从句讲解及练习

初中英语定语从句

关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which

关系副词有：when, where, why 一．关系代词引导的定语从句

1）先行词是人：who∕whom ∕that(区分：who可做主语和宾语，whom只能做宾语)

Is he the man ＿＿＿ wants to see you?

He is the man ＿＿＿＿＿＿I saw yesterday.Yesterday I helped an old man ＿＿＿lost his way Mr.Liu is the person ＿＿＿＿＿＿you talked about on the bus.2）先行词是事物：which∕that 3)whose 用来指人或物（,若指物，它还可以同of which互换）。例如：

我认识那个车被偷的男人。＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿

请递给我那本绿色封面的书。＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 二．关系副词引导的定语从句

1）when, where, why ﹦“介词+ which” when= on/in/at which I still remember the day ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ I joined the Party.。I won’t forget the day＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ I spent with you.2）where=in/on which Beijing is the place ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ I was born.I can see the desk ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ there is a book.这是我去年参观过的山村＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿

▲当point, situation，conditions等词作先行词表抽象的地点,其后常由where引导

Can you think out a situation ＿＿＿ this word can be used?

Her illness has developed to the point ＿＿＿ nobody can cure her.3）why=for which Is this the reason ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿he refused our help?

没人知道他为什么上学总迟到。＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿

三、that 的用法

1）不用that的情况：介词后不能用 2）只能用that的情况

a．在there be 句型中

商店里有一个我喜欢的玩具。＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿

b.在不定代词，如：anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等作先行词

你在商店里有什么东西要买吗＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿

所需的只是时间问题。＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿

C．先行词有the only, the very，the same，the last修饰时。

他是唯一解得出这道题的学生。＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ d.先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时。

他是第一个通过考试的人。＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 她是我们班最高的女生。＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ e.先行词既有人，又有物时。

我能清楚记得我所见到的人和一些照片。＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ d.以who或which引导的特殊疑问句，为避免重复 Who is the girl＿＿＿＿ is crying？

1.Don’t talk about such things of _______ you are not sure.A.which B.what C.as D.those 2.Is this the factory __________ you visited the other day?

A.that B.where C.in which D.the one 3.Is this factory __________ some foreign friends visited last Friday?

A.that B.where C.which D.the one 4.Is this the factory __________ he worked ten years ago?

A.that B.where C.which D.the one 5.The wolves hid themselves in the places __________ couldn’t be found.A.that B.where C.in which D.in that 6.The freezing point is the temperature __________ water changes into ice.A.at which B.on that C.in which D.of what 9.I’ll tell you __________ he told me last week.A.all which B.that C.all that D.which 10.That tree, __________ branches are almost bare, is very old.A.whose B.of which C.in which D.on which 11.I have bought the same dress __________ she is wearing.A.as

B.that C.which D.what 12.He failed in the examination, __________ made his father very angry.A.which B.it C.that D.what 13.We’re talking about the piano and the pianist _______ were in the concert we attended last night.A.which B.whom C.who D.that

17.Didn’t you see the man ________?

A.I nodded just now B.whom I nodded just now

C.I nodded to him just now D.I nodded to just now 18.Can you lend me the novel ______ the other day?

A.that you talked B.you talked about it C.which you talked with D.you talked about 19.Is there anything _______ to you?

A.that is belonged

B.that belongs

C.that belong D.which belongs 20.----“How do you like the book?”

----“It’s quite different from _______ I read last month.”

A.that B.which C.the one D.the one what 22.The train _______ she was travelling was late.A.which B.where C.on which D.in that 23.He has lost the key to the drawer _______ the papers are kept.A.where B.in which C.under which D.which 24.Antarctic _______ we know very little is covered with thick ice all the year round.A.which B.where C.that D.about which 25.It’s the third time _______ late this month.A.that you arrived B.when you arrived C.that you’ve arrived

D.when you’ve arrived 26.It was in 1969 _______the American astronaut succeeded in landing on the moon.A.that B.which C.when D.in which 27.May the fourth is the day ______ we Chinese people will never forget.A.which B.when C.on which D.about which 28.We are going to spend the Spring Festival in Guangzhou, _______ live my grandparents and some relatives.A.which B.that C.who D.where 29.The hotel _______ during our holidays stands by the seaside.A.we stayed at B.where we stayed at C.we stayed D.in that we stayed 30.Is it in that factory _______ “Red Flag” cars are produced?

A.in which B.where C.which D.that 34.Is that the reason _______ you are in favour of the proposal?

A.which

B.what

C.why D.for that 35.He must be from Africa, _______ can be seen from his skin.A.that B.as C.who D.what 36.He has two sons, _______ work as chemists.A.two of whom B.both of whom C.both of which D.all of whom 37.I, _______ your good friend, will try my best to help you out.A.who is

B.who am C.that is D.what is 38.He is a man of great experience, _______ much can be learned.A.who B.that C.from which D.from whom 39.----Do you know the town at all?---No, this is the first time I ________ here.A.was B.have been C.came D.am coming 40.I don’t like _______ you speak to her.A.the way B.the way in that C.the way which D.the way of which 41.The two things _______ they felt very proud are Jim’s gold watch and Della’s hair.A.about which B.of which C.in which

D.for which 42.The dinner was the most expensive meal we ______.A.would have B.have had C.had never had D.had ever had 43.Do you know which hotel _______?

A.she is staying B.she is staying in C.is she staying D.is she staying in 44.There is only one thing _______ I can do.A.what B.that C.all D.which 45.Who can think of a situation ________ this idiom can be used?

A.which B.that C.where D.in that 46.I have many books, some of _______ are on chemistry.A.them B.that C.which D.those 47.They were interested _______ you told them.A.in which B.in that C.all that D.in everything 48.The astronaut did many experiments in the spaceship, ________ much

help for knowing space.A.which we think it is B.which we think are of C.of which we think is D.I think which is of 49.The great day we looked forward to _______ at last.A.come B.came C.coming D.comes 50.I like the second football match _______ was held last week.A.which B.who C.that D./

43.Do you know which hotel _______?

A.she is staying B.she is staying in C.is she staying D.is she staying in 44.There is only one thing _______ I can do.A.what B.that C.all D.which 45.Who can think of a situation ________ this idiom can be used?

A.which B.that C.where D.in that 46.I have many books, some of _______ are on chemistry.A.them B.that C.which D.those 47.They were interested _______ you told them.A.in which B.in that C.all that D.in everything 48.The astronaut did many experiments in the spaceship, ________ much

help for knowing space.A.which we think it is B.which we think are of C.of which we think is 49.The great day we looked forward to _______ at last.A.come B.came C.coming D.comes 50.I like the second football match _______ was held last week.A.which B.who C.that D./

D.I think which is of

[参考答案] 1—5 AADBA 6—10 ABCCA 11—15 AADAD 16—20 CDDBC 21—25 ACBDC 26—30 AADAD 31—35 CABCB 36—40 BBDBA 41—45 BDBBC 46—50 CDBBC

用适当的关系词填空：

1.I still remember the night _______I first came to the house.2.I'll never forget the day________ we met each other last week.3.Mr Black is going to Beijing in October, _______is the best season there.4.I will never forget the days _______I spent with your family.5.I'll never forget the last day______ we spent together.6.This is the school ______I used to study.7.Do you still remember the place______ we visited last week? 8.Do you still remember the place_______ we visited the painting exhibition? 9.Have you ever been to Hangzhou,_____is famous for the West Lake? 10.Have you ever bee to Hangzhou, ______lies the West Lake? 11.Tom will go to Shanghai,______live his two brothers.13.There was a time ______there were slaves in the USA.14.It is the third time ______you have made the same mistake.15.It was in the street _____I met John yesterday.16.It was about 600 years ago____the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made.17.The moment _____I saw you, I recognized(认出)you.18.This is the very novel about____we've talked so much.19.This is the way____he did it.20.Who is the student _____was late for school today? 21.Who _____knows him wants to make friends with him? 22.What else was there in my brother____you didn't like? 23.He lives in the room____window faces to the south.24.He lives in the room, the window_____faces to the south.25.This is Mr.John for____son I brought a book yesterday.26.This is Mr.John for_____I bought a book yesterday.27.This is the hour_____the place is always full of women and children.28.And there is one point ______I'd like your advice.29.Winter is the time of year______the days are short and nights are long.30.I hope you will find this valley a beautiful place____you may spend your weekend.KEYS: 1.when 2.when 3.which 4.that/which 5.that 6.where 7.that/which 8.where 9.which 10.where 11.where 12.which 13.when 14.that 15.that 16.that 17.(that)18.which 19.(that/in which)

20.that21.that 22 that

23.whose 24.of which 25.whose26.whom 27.when 28.that 29.that 30.where

第三篇：浅谈初中英语定语从句的讲解教学

浅谈初中英语定语从句的讲解

定语从句是初中英语中很常见的语法现象。虽然初中英语的定语从句一般要求学生掌握限制性定语从句，但对于初中学生来说，定语从句既是一个重点也是一个难点。而且对初中英语定语从句的掌握情况会直接影响高中英语中的定语从句的掌握水平。

要让学生理解和掌握定语从句，可以从以下几个方面入手：

一、让学生明确什么是定语从句

（一）首先让学生理解什么是定语。因为现在的语文已经淡化语法教学，对于初中学生来说，即使是汉语中的定语也不一定弄得清楚，更何况是英语中的定语。所以在引导学生学习定语从句前，必须让学生理解定语的含义。句子中修饰名词或代词的成分叫做定语。定语可以由形容词，名词，不定式，分词，动名词或从句来充当。例如： a beautiful city.（形容词），something interesting，（形容词修饰不定代词的定语后置）an English teacher（名词），a lot of work to do.（不定式）在讲解过程中，先举例说明，再让学生把这些词组翻译成汉语，然后得出结论修饰某个名词或代词，意思为“„„的”的词或短语就是定语。

（二）然后让学生明白什么是定语从句。在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。例如： I like the music that I can dance to.The man who is standing under the tree is Mr Li.引导学生这些句子翻译成汉语，再让学生指出哪些词是定语，并让学生观察定语的位置。于是，很自然地就让学生明白英语中的定语从句始终要放在被修饰的词之后，而汉语中的定语则放在被修饰词之前。

（三）让学生辨别定语从句

在初中阶段，学生容易把宾语从句和定语从句混淆，所以有必要让学生比较和区分两种从句。例如I can’t understand what he said.He told me that he had bought another new bike.I can’t understand anything that he said.He told me a story that was funny.让学生翻译比较这些句子，然后引导他们总结出两者的不同。

二、让学生掌握定语从句的结构

定语从句中的句型结构比较复杂，有先行词、关系代词或关系副词。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词，引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词或关系副词.关系代词主要有that, which, who, whom, whose 等。关系副词主要有where, when, why等。关系代词或关系副词放在先行词和定语从句之间起纽带作用，关系代词或关系副词在定语从句中要充当一个成分。关系代词在从句中可作主语、宾语或定语，关系副词在从句中作状语。例如： The woman whose son works as a doctor is very kind.(做定语)I can’t forget the day that he spent with me.（做宾语）

The girl who is in red is a new comer.（做主语）

在具体的示例中，要求学生找出哪里是先行词，哪里是从句，哪些是关系代词或副词，并明确它们在从句中的成分。在分析结构的过程中一定要由浅入深，循序渐进，便于学生学习和理解。

三、让学生明白何时用关系代词，何时用关系副词

对于初中学生来说，何时选用冠词代词或关系副词是定语从句中的一个难点。例如：I can’t forget the day _______ he spent with me.又如：The river ______ they are swimming is very dirty.The river ________ they are swimming in is very dirty.不少学生是凭借感觉来完成两种连词的选择的。其实，这涉及到从句是否缺宾语的问题。当我们发现从句的谓语动词或谓语动词+介词结构之后没有名词,代词或动名词时,我们可引导学生把从句的谓语动词（谓语+介词）和前面的先行词进行搭配，看看两个部分是否能构成正确的动宾搭配。如，spent the day with me, swimming in the river.如果能形成正确的动宾搭配，则从句缺宾语，故选择关系代词，反之，如果不能构成正确的动宾搭配，则判断从句不缺宾语，应选关系副词。在实际练习中,一定要强调,不能太看重先行词的意思,还要明确地引导学生掌握定语从句的解题步骤:先看从句类型,再分析从句主干,再看先行词,最后确定关系代词或关系幅词的选择.四、让学生理解并巧记关系代词的用法

通过讲解和基本练习，让学生明白定语从句的结构后，就必须让学生弄懂怎么选择正确的关系代词了。

教学过程中坚持先一般再个别的原则，由浅入深地引导学生学习和掌握关系代词。在练习之后，引导学生巧记关系代词的基本用法： that 指物又指人，做主做宾都可行； which专指物，做主做宾两不误； who 只指人，可做主语和普宾； whom专指人，可做普宾和特宾。(特宾是指作提前的介词的宾语,普宾是一般情况的宾语,即介未提前的情况)当先行词指人，关系代词作提前的介词的宾语时，关系代词用whom;当先行词指物，关系代词作提前介词宾语时，关系代词用which.例如：The man to whom my mother is talking is my father.The survey in which many students have taken part is very great.当然还要让学生专门掌握一下必须用 that的情况。在这个环节，必须强调解题步骤，先看从句，找出句子主干，确定是否缺宾语，确定是否该选关系代词,然后再看先行词,确定关系代词所指代的内容.当先行词既指人又指物时；当先行词是指物的不定代词时； 当先行词由形容词最高级修饰时；当先行词由序数词修饰时； 当先行词由the only, the very修饰时。

在教学过程中还要请学生区分类似的句子: The Great Wall was the first

place that I went to.和 The Great Wall was the first place where I went.另外，当先行词和从句的主语存在所属关系时，关系代词用whose 例如：Ｉlike the book whose cover is blue.五、让学生学以致用

学生学习语法知识的目的就是应用。因此，在讲解了定语从句的知识后，一定要设法让学生理论联系实际。在学习英语的过程中，只要一遇到定语从句，就让学生辨别，分析其结构，并让他们翻译练习。在平时的写作训练和检测中有意地要求学生简单运用定语从句。久而久之，定语从句这个难题就引刃而解了。

总之，任何一种语法现象都有其自身的规则，都是在学习中理解，都是在理解中明确，都是在运用中掌握。只要我们引导我们的学生在学习中多注意，多观察，多分析，多领会并多应用，相信无论什么语法难题都不是问题了。

第四篇：定语从句讲解

定语从句专题讲解

一、基本概念：

在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。

Do you know the man who spoke at the meeting just now? That is the house where he lived ten years ago.定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词；定语从句一般用关系代词或关系副词来引导，关系词放在先行词与定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作从句中的一个成分。引导定语从句的关系代词有：that, who, whom, whose, which，as 关系副词有：when, where, why.二、关系词的用法：

（一）关系代词的用法：

1． 作主语用who, which和that, 如： He is the man who/that lives next door.The train which/that has just left is for Shenzhen.2． 作宾语用whom, who, which, that, 如：

The man(whom/who/that)we have just seen is a famous writer.Where is the book(which/that)I bought last week? 注：在非正式文体中，用于指人的关系代词who whom, that 通常可以省略，但在正式文体中通常用whom, 不可省略；用于指物的关系代词which和that 在非正式文体中也通常省略，但在正式文体中一般不省略。

3． 作定语用whose, 如：(a)He is the man whose car was stolen last week.(b)It was a meeting whose importance I did not realize at that time.注：“whose +名词中心词”这一结构在定语从句中既能作主语（如上a句），又能作宾语（如上b句）。whose 的先行词常用来指人，但有时也可以用来指具体事物或抽象概念，这时可以与of which 结构互换，词序是：“名词+of which”，如： They came to a house whose back wall had broken down..(= the back wall of which)He’s written a book the name of which I’ve completely forgotten.(= whose name)4． 作表语只用that，它既可以指人，也可以指物，但时常省略。如： He is no longer the man that he used to be.This is no longer the dirty place(that)it used to be.（二）关系副词的用法：

1．when 指时间，在从句中作时间状语，它的先行词通常有：time, day, morning, night, week, year 等。如：

I still remember the time when I first became a college student.Do you know the date when Lincoln was born? 注：when时常可以省略，特别是在某些句型和某些时间状语中。如： Each time he came, he did his best to help us.But help never stopped coming from the day she fell ill.2．where指地点，在从句中作地点状语。它的先行词常有：place, spot, street, house, room, city, town, country等。This is the hotel where they are staying.I forget the house where the Smiths lived.注：where有时也可以省略。如：

This is the place(where)we met yesterday.3． why指原因或理由，它的先行词只有reason。如： That is the reason why he is leaving so soon.注：why时常也可以省略。如： That is the real reason he did it.(三)使用关系副词应注意下列几点：

1． 这三个关系副词在意义上都相当于一定的介词+which结构： when = on(in, at, during„)+ which;where = in(at, on„)+ which;why = for which.如：

I was in Beijing on the day when(=on which)he arrived.The office where(=in which)he works is on the third floor.This is the chief reason why(=for which)we did it.2． 当先行词是表时间的time, day等和表地点的place, house等时，一定要注意分析从句的结构，如果缺少主语或宾语时，关系词应该用which或that, 缺少时间状语或地点状语时，才能用when或where，试比较：

I’ll never forget the day when my hometown was liberated.I’ll never forget the days which/that we spent together last summer.His father works in a factory where radio parts are made.His father works in a factory which/that makes radio parts.3． when和where既可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。而why 只能引导限制性定语从句。三．限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句

1．限制性定语从句说明先行词的情况，对先行词起限定作用，与先行词关系十分密切，不可用逗号隔开，也不可省略，否则全句意义就不完整。如： This is the telegram which he refers to.Is there anything(that)I can do for you? 2．非限制性定语从句只是对先行词作补充说明，没有限定作用，它与先行词的关系比较松散，因而不是关键性的，如果省略，原句的意义仍然完整。这种从句在朗读时要有停顿，在文字中通常用逗号与主句隔开。如：

This note was left by Tom, who was here a moment ago.As a boy, he was always making things, most of which were electric.引导非限制性定语从句的关系词有：who, whom, whose, which, when 和 where，不可以用that和why。

另外，非限制性定语从句从意义上讲，相当于一个并列句，在口语中使用并不普遍，在日常生活中，人们通常用并列句或简单句来表达。如：

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I told the story to John, who later did it to his brother.= I told the story to John, and he later told it to his brother.Yesterday I happened to see John, who was eager to have a talk with you.= Yesterday I happened to see John and he was eager to have a talk with you.3．两种定语从句的内涵不同，限制性定语从句具有涉他性，而非限制性定语从句具有唯一性，这在理解和翻译时应特别注意。试比较： All the books there, which have beautiful pictures in them, were written by him.All the books there that have beautiful pictures in them were written by him.His brother, who is eighteen years old, is a PLA man.（只有一个）His brother who is a PLA man is eighteen years old.（不止一个）

4．有时，非限制性定语从句所修饰的不是某一个词，而是整个主句或是主句中的一个部分，这时一般采用which或as来引导。当整个主句（先行词）在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词要用单数。

eg: He passed the exam, which/as he hoped he would.He has left here, which greatly upsets me.注：

（1）as引导的从句可以放在主句之前，而which引导的从句只能放在主句之后。They are hollow, which makes them very light.As is known to all, Taiwan is a part of China.（2）从意义上讲，which指前面主句的内容；而as指代的是作为一般人都知道的常识性的东西，因此常译成“就象„ „那样”。

（3）如果定语从句的内容对主句的内容起消极作用或当非限制定语从句为否定时，则常用which，而不用as，如：

She stole her friend’s money, which was disgraceful.He tore up my photo, which upset me.Tom drinks a lot everyday,which his wife doesn’t like at all.5．在正式文体中，以the way为先行词的限制性定语从句通常以in which或 that 引导，如：

The way in which you answered the questions was admirable.但在非正式文体中，人们通常省略in which或 that : The way(in which)he spoke to us was suspicious.I don’t like the way(that)you laugh at her.四．关系词的选择

1． 在非限制性定语从句中，关系代词作主语，只能用who 指人，which指物；关系代词做宾语，常用whom（口语中有时用who）指人，which指物，它们都不能用that代替。

2． 关系代词作介词宾语，不论是在限制性定语从句中，还是在非限制性定语从句中，当介词前置时，只能用whom指人，which指物；但如果介词后置，则不受这种限制，关系代词还可以省去，特别是在口语中。如：

Do you know the boy to whom she was talking?

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Do you know the boy(that)she was talking to? The pencil(which/that)he was writing with suddenly broke.3． 在限制性定语从句中，当先行词指物时，关系词可用which或that，二者常可以互换；但在下列情况中，只能用that，不用which：(1)当先行词是all, a lot,(a)little, few, much, none, anything, something, everything, nothing等词时。如： All that can be done has been done.In this factory I saw little / much that was different from ours.(2)当先行词被all, any no, much, little, few, every等限定词所修饰时。如：

We heard clearly every word that he said.(3)当先行词是序数词或被序数词所修饰时。如：

The first thing that should be done is to get the tickets.When people talk about Hangzhou, the first that comes to mind is the West Lake.(4)当先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级所修饰，以及先行词被序数词和形容

词最高级同时修饰时，如：

Is that the best that you can do? That’s the most expensive hotel that we’ve ever stayed in.This novel is the second best one that I have ever read.(5)当先行词被 the very, the only, the next, the last等所修饰时。如： This is the very book that I want to find.(6)当先行词为指人和指物的两个并列名词词组时。如：

The guests spoke highly of the children and their performances that they saw at the Children’s Palace.She described in her compositions the people and places that impressed her most.(7)当主句是以which，who,what开头的特殊疑问句时。如： Which is the car that killed the boy? Who is the person that is making this lecture? 4.用which而不用that的情况：

①引导非限制性定语从句； ②代表整个主句的意思； ③介词+关系代词。e.g.He had failed in the maths exam,which made his father very angry.他数学考试没有及格，这使他的父亲很生气。

This is the room in which my father lived last year.这是父亲去年居住过的房子。

5.在限制性定语从句中，当先行词指人时，关系词可用who(m)或that，二者常可互换。

但在下列情况中，用who(m)，而不用that：

(1)当先行词是one, ones, any, few, anyone, anybody, someone, somebody, everyone, everybody等词时。如：

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Is there anyone who can answer this question? He was among the few who managed to live through the enemy prison camp.注：在非正式文体中可以说：You’re the one that knows where to go.)(2)当先行词是he, they, those, people, person等词时。如： He who wants to catch fish just not mind getting wet.Those who are against the proposal put up your hands.注：在固定结构的谚语或习语中，可用he that„。如： He that promises too much means nothing.(3)当先行词有较长的后置定语修饰时。如：

Do you know the writer in blue with thick glasses who is speaking at the meeting?(4)在分隔式定语从句中，若先行词指人，为了明确修饰关系，应当用who(m)。如：

A new master will came tomorrow who will teach you German.There’s only one student in the school who/whom I wanted to see.I was the only person in my office who was invited.(5)两个定语从句同时修饰一个指人的先行词，第二个定语从句常用who(m)来引导，如：

She is the only girl I know who can play the guitar.6.在限制性定语从句中，当先行词指人时，在下列情况中，一般用关系词that:(1)当主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时。如： Who is the man that is reading the newspaper over there? Which of us that knows anything does not know this?(2)当先行词被形容词最高级或序数词所修饰时。如： He is the greatest man that has ever lived.(3)当先行词被the only, the very, the last等词所修饰时。如： She is the only person that understands me.7.当先行词被the same所修饰时，关系词既可以用as，也可以用that。在表示具体事物时，有时两者有一定的区别。一般说来，表示同一种类多用as，表示同一事物多用that。

如：This is the same instrument that I used yesterday.这就是我昨天用过的那台仪器。

This is the same instrument as I used yesterday.这台仪器跟我昨天用过的那台一样。

在抽象概念上，同种类和同一事物是没有绝对区别的，所以两个词可换用： I have the same opinion as / that you have.这里要注意的是：

（1）使用as时，它引导的定语从句中的动词可以省略，但使用that时，定语从句中 的动词不可省略。如： Women received the same pay as men.Women received the same pay that men received.(2)在“the same„that”结构中，that只是用来加强语气，强调“相同”。

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that可以省去而不改变句子原意，甚至连名词前的same也可以省去。如： This is the same instrument that I used yesterday.= This is the same instrument I used yesterday.= This is the instrument I used yesterday.但在“the same„as”结构中，same和as都不能省略。

(3)当“the same„that”结构中的that作为关系副词用时，不可以直接与as互换。

如：He lives in the same building that I live.= He lives in the same building as / that I live in.Shall we meet at the same place that we last met? = Shall we meet at the same place that / as we last met at? 8.当先行词前有such, so, as时，关系词应当用as。如： A wise man seldom talks about such things as he doesn’t understand.He spoke in such easy English as everybody could understand.At this time of the day, all buses and trolleys have to carry as many passengers as they can.It is so easy a book as every schoolboy can read.Let’s discuss such things as we can talk of freely.另需注意：

This book is written in such easy English as beginners can understand.（定语从句）

This book is written in such easy English that beginners can understand it.（结果状语从句）

9.as引导非限制性定语从句既可放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后，用来修饰整个句子。通常用下列句型：

as is known to all,as is said,as is reported, as is announced,as we all know,as I expect等。

Eg：As I expected,he got the first place again in this mid-term examination.正如我所预料的那样，他在这次期中考试中又获得了第一名。

第五篇：定语从句讲解

定语从句讲解

一、定语从句的概念

在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行

词，定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。

如：

He is the boy

who often goes to school late.先行词

关系词

定语从句

二、定语从句的关系词

引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词，常见的关系代词包括that，which，who（宾格whom，所有格whose）等，关系副词包括where，when，why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的重要成分。

三、定语从句的分类

根据定语从句与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词，主句与从句不用逗号分开，从句不可省去，非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开，起补充说明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。

四、关系代词的用法

1.that 既可以用于指人，也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语或宾语，作主语时不可省略，作宾语可省略。例如：

Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。（that作主语）

The coat（that）I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。（that作宾语）

2.which用于指物，在句中作主语或宾语，作主语不可省略，作宾语可省略。例如：

The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。（作主语）

The film（which）we saw last night was wonderful.我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。（作宾语）

3.who，whom用于指人，who 用作主语，whom用作宾语。在口语中，有时可用who代替whom，也可省略。例如：

The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。（作主语）

Who is the teacher（whom）Li Ming is talking to？正在与李明谈话的老师是谁？（作宾语）

注意：（1）当定语从句中含有介词，介词放在句末时，who，that，which可省略，但介词在关系代词前时，只能用“介词+which/whom”结构。例如：

This is the house in which we lived last year.这是我们去年居住的房子。

Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.请告诉我你从谁那借的这本英文小说。

（2）含有介词的固定动词词组中，介词不可前置，只能放在原来的位置上。例如：

This is the person whom you are looking for.这就是你要找的那个人。

（3）that 作介词的宾语时，介词不能放它的前面，只能放在从句中动词的后面。例如：

The city that she lives in is very far away.她居住的城市非常远。

（4）关系词只能用that的情况：

a.先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时，只能用that，而不用which.例如：

He was the first person that passed the exam.他是第一个通过考试的人。

b.被修饰的先行词为all，any，much，many，everything，anything，none，the one等不定代词时，只能用that，而不用which.例如：

Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop？你在商店里有什么东西要买吗？

c.先行词被the only，the very，the same，the last，little，few 等词修饰时，只能用that，而不用which.例如：

This is the same bike that I lost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车。

d.先行词里同时含有人或物时，只能用that，而不用which.例如：

I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。

e.以who或which引导的特殊疑问句，为避免重复，只能用that.例如：

Who is the girl that is crying？ 正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁？

f.主句是there be 结构，修饰主语的定语从句用that，而不用which.例如：

There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom.桌子上那本书是汤姆的。

（5）关系词只能用which，而不用that 的情况：

a.先行词为that，those时，用which，而不用that.例如：

What’s that which is under the desk？ 在桌子底下的那些东西是什么？

b.关系代词前有介词时，一般用which，而不用that.例如：

This is the room in which he lives.这是他居住的房间。

c.引导非限制性定语从句，用which，而不用that.例如：

Tom came back，which made us happy.汤姆回来了，这使我们很高兴。

五、关系副词的用法

（1）when指时间，其先行词表示时间，在句中作时间状语。例如：

This was the time when he arrived.这是他到达的时间。

（2）where指地点，其先行词表示地点，在句中作地点状语。例如：

This is place where he works.这是他工作的地点。

（3）why 指原因，其先行词是原因，起原因状语作用。例如：

Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school.没人知道他为什么上学总迟到。