第一篇:顺序版张培基翻译用法总结
张培基翻译用法总结
1.It is sometimes beset with „
有时候会有„的境遇/会有„相伴
2.Nothing short of a „ can help „
唯有„才能/全靠„才能够
3.Rolling on non-stop for thousands upon thousands of miles.一泻千里
4.Fare likewise.正如这样
5.Now „ , now „ 有时„,有时„
6.Better able to generate in oneself a sensation of „
更能让人产生一种„之感
7.„ is now confronted with a „ section of its course.„现在正遭遇进程上的一段„
8.„ , however, can only be shared by „
而„,只有„样的人才可体会到
9.The present „ crisis can never obstacle the advance of „
目前的„危机绝不会阻碍„的进步
10.Let us brace up our spirits and march through „ 让我们鼓起雄健的精神„
11.The greatest joy of „, is to „ during its most difficult days.在最艰难的日子里„,亦是最大的乐趣
12.Grow restless 变得焦躁不安
Beg to differ 恕不同意/持反对意见
13.Dash here and there in search of „ 跑来跑去的寻找
14.He is going to „ so that he could „
他决定„以便„
15.„ is not groundless because „
„并非空害怕/没依据,因为„
16.Keep moving around in a hurry
慌慌张张地走/跑
17.What’s the rush?
为何这般慌?/怎么这么着急?
18.Behind „ lay half a dozen of „ near „
注意学习地理方位和位置的表述
19.look like rain, yet, to our great joy „
[口语]像是要下雨,然而让我们高兴的是„
20.which of you could „
你们谁能„„?(别用who了,太土了!)
21.they are most beloved in one aspect.有一点最受人爱/有一点最为可贵
22.Unlike „ , which „ , „ it just „ to „
不像„的„一样,它只是„,来„
23.You can never immediately tell whether or not it „ until „ 你不能立刻判断它是否„,非得等到„
24.One should be useful rather than great or nice-looking.应该成为有用的人,而不是伟大或体面的人
25.Engraved in my mind.深深地刻在脑海
26.„ is a household name all over the country.„„是家喻户晓/名遍全国的。
27.„ is always on the lips because „ 把„天天挂在嘴上,因为„
28.What’s the use of being „ „„又有什么用/有什么必要呢?
29.Uttered intermittently.断断续续地说
30.Never calculating or particular about personal gains and losses.不计较个人得失
31.Honor „ with a posthumous reverent „ 追授„一个„的谥号/称号
32.Become more and more „ with the passing of time.随着时间的流逝变得越来越„„/越久越„„
33.Never give up the pursuit of „ 不要放弃„ / 不要放弃对„的追求
34.Out of sheer necessity.仅仅为了需要 / 纯粹因为需要
35.Be free to follow your own bent.可以依自己的喜好去„ / 自由自在地去追求自己的喜好
36.Be in the prime of life.正当盛年 / 年富力强
37.„ will soon be gone never to return.一去不复返。
38.Be in one’s declining years.风烛残年 / 精力衰微之时
39.As a means of subsistence.作为生计 / 为了吃饭 / 作为谋生的手段
40.Remedy the situation by „
用„„来补救
41.Come up against the urgent problem of „
„„问题急需解决
42.How can one manage to „ while „
人怎么能在„的同时还„呢?
43.Cut down on food and clothing and do everything possible to „ 节衣缩食想尽办法去„„
44.Time is no object.时间不是问题。
45.„ will be quite enough to make „ a „
„足够让一个„成为„了
46.The choice lies with you.选择权在你们手里。
47.Henrik Ibsen says, “it is your supreme duty to cast yourself into a useful implement.”
你最大的责任是把你这块材料铸造成器。
48.Forsake „ , and you will ruin yourself.抛弃„,你便毁了你自己。
49.To go into scholarship, to engage in learning.做学问
50.the only things of some value under my roof, if any, are „在我屋子里唯一贵重的东西就是„
51.Entertain ambition of making a profound study of „
怀有对„„做一番高深研究的野心
52.It seemed that „ can better satisfy „ than „
„比„更能满足„的需要
53.At one sitting.一口气地„
54.It is completely subjected to the whims of the moment.全凭当时的兴趣和念头。
55.Liken myself respectively to „ 把我自己比作„„
56.Thread-bound Chinese book.线装书
57.My obsession of „ have been very much on a decline.我对„„的狂热/着迷消除了不少。
58.To eat into one’s whole pocket.花掉某人所有的钱。
59.But not all acquaintances are friends.不是所有认识的都是朋友。
60.Have more scruples about this and that.对身边的一切都有更多的顾虑。
61.We each followed a different course of life.我们各自过着不同的生活。
62.Be bound to.必然,一定会。
Somehow or other.设法,莫名其妙地
63.„ of bygone days will unfold again before one’s eyes.过去的„又重新浮现在某人眼前。
64.In bloom of one’s youth.在某人盛年的时候 / 在生命中最华美的时刻
65.Unwittingly 不知不觉地,无意识地
66.Fritter away.渐渐地消失 / 慢慢地消耗 / 一点点地浪费
67.In twos and threes.三三两两,零零星星
68.Negotiate shoals and reefs / deserts and gorges 跋涉(越过)礁石浅滩 / 荒漠峡谷
69.Be reduced to „ as the last resort.被逼到做„„的地步,被迫干„„为生
70.Foot passenger.步行的人,行人
71.It stands to reason that „
„也是合情合理的/显而易见的72.Can ill afford to do something.无法承受„„
73.If it is beyond one’s capacity to single-handedly stem the prevailing of social evils, one should at least be self-disciplined so as not to make matters worse.74.Pedantic view of bookish person.酸腐的书生之见
75.Cool your heels。
坐冷板凳,空等
76.All that kills my idea of „ 那足以让我打消„„的念头
77.A good man always enjoys Heaven’s protection.吉人天相
78.Misfortune never comes singly
祸不单行
79.Heaven always leaves one a way out.天无绝人之路
80.Be in reduced circumstance.每况愈下 / 光景惨淡
81.After some wavering, 犹豫一阵之后 / 犹豫不决了一阵
82.Talk somebody out of it(something), 劝说某人不做某事
83.Smart aleck 自作聪明的人/ 自作聪明的84.Chip in 插嘴,打断,捐助,出钱
stroll about 游逛,游荡,闲游
85.Be watchful on the way, 路上警惕些,旅途当心
86.It is certainly no problem for a person of my age to …
对于我这样年纪 / 我这么大的人来说,„„是没问题的87.A strenuous job: 紧张的/费力的/艰苦的差使
88.Skullcap 无沿小帽,圆帽
Mandarin jacket 马褂
cotton-padded 填充棉絮的89.Huddle up 蜷缩,挤成一团
Corpulent 肥胖的90.Gush from涌出,不断流出
trickle 滴,淌,细流
ooze 渗出,淌出
91.Make an enormous exertion to „ 尽全力做„„
92.Pat the dirt off one’s clothes 拍去/掸去身上的尘土
93.until his figure was lost among crowds of people hurrying to and fro and no longer visible.直到他的身影消失在来往的人群中,再也遍寻不见了。
94.live an unsettled life.过着颠簸不定的日子 / 东奔西走
95.„ with circumstances going from bad to worse.一日不如一日 / 每况愈下
96.His pent-up emotion has to find a vent.情郁于中,自然要发之于外。
97.the state of „ filled somebody with a feeling of „
„„的境况让人„„
98.downcast 沮丧,颓废,颓唐
99.domestic triviality = household chores 家庭琐事
long gown 长袍,长衫
100.Frown upon the way „
不赞同„„的方式 / 对„的方式颇有微词
101.Like a drop of water falling off a needle point into the ocean.如针尖上的水滴入大海里
102.Quietly drip into the haste stream of time without leaving a trace.汇入时间的洪流,杳无音迹
103.What is gone is gone.What is to come keeps coming.去的已然去了,来的尽管来着
104.Edge away softly and stealthily
悄悄溜走,偷偷开溜
105.The fixed gaze of the eyes when lost in reverie
沉思时的凝望
106.Withstand the wear and tear of time.经得住时间的磨洗 / 难以磨灭
107.Still remain engraved on one’s mind.依然深刻地印在脑里
108.Either as a hired hand on contract or as a odd jobber.或者做包工,或者打零工
109.with toothed blade 带锯齿口的(hatchet, chisel, saw, drill and plane, 斧,凿,锯,钻和刨子)
110.„ is a real eye-opener to me.„„让我大开眼界
111.Bolt upright 笔直地,端端正正地
112.He is a real agreeable person.他非常平易近人
113.the well-meaning remarks of an affectionate father.(那只是)一个疼爱子女的父亲的好意
114.Shrug off one’s words as childish nonsense.不屑于某人的话,当成小孩子的胡说
115.Risk one’s own life in doing „ 冒着生命危险做„„ / 拿命换„„
116.Empty of 缺乏 / 把„洗劫一空,把„拿空
117.His eyes closed for good.他永远地闭上了眼睛
118.One should be content with one’s lot.一个人就要安分守己 / 认命
119.All that seems accidental, and also seems predestined.一切都似偶然,一切又都似注定的120.Come to realize still more fully the significance of „ 更深切地感受到„„的重要
121.Repay one’s kindness.报答某人
122.Draw a line of demarcation between „ and „ 在„与„间划清界限
123.Pitch darkness.沥青黑,漆黑一片
124.The rain continue to fall ,the long night wears on amidst its dripping sound.雨声继续着,长夜在雨滴声中缓缓前行。
125.Nothing whatever can hold it up.没有什么可以阻止它
126.Throw clouds of spray embodying love and hate, and happiness and sorrow.投下喜怒哀乐的云翳
127.Like everybody else,和其他人一样
128.I live in this world for the purpose of „ 我来到这个世界的目的是„„
129.I don’t know what the future has in store for me.我不知道未来还有什么东西在等待着我130.Twenty odd 二十多,ten odd years 十多年(odd的用法!)
131.There is at first no roads at all and that a road is created simply by the treading of passers-by.世界上本没有路,走的人多了,也便成了路。
132.This quotation reflects aptly the true meaning of „ 这段引用恰当地表达了„„的真意
133.Bring the enemy sure death without drawing their blood.不一定要流仇敌的血,但却置之于死地
134.Bask in the sunshine under a clean sky
在晴空下晒太阳
135.„ just serves to increase his stamina and strengthen his mind.„只会增强他的力量和意志
136.As the rain ceased to patter.雨渐渐止了。
137.The crescent new moon.新月
Grape trellis 葡萄架
138.At(long)last.最后,最终
139.Interwoven / intermingle
相互交织/相互交融
140.To think that„!
真没想到„„!
141.To think to oneself„
一个人暗自在想„„
142.To point one’s finger at „ 有指责某人之意
143.Go round the bend 发疯,发狂,变得歇斯底里
144.A star-studded sky.繁星点点的夜空
145.Make-believe 虚幻的,伪装的 a make-believe world
虚幻的世界
146.The splendor and magnificence of the scene is beyond all description.那壮丽与新奇简直说不尽了
147.do my bit to make a still better place of my country.尽自己一份力,把祖国建设得更美好
148.At the heels of „ 紧跟在„„的后面
149.Keep Early hours.早睡早起
Kerosene lamp 煤油灯
150.With an irresistible inner urge to unbosom oneself.不吐不快的倾诉
151.Wishy-washy 空泛的,淡而无味的,水分多的152.Rambling through „ 在„漫步
specks of mud 泥点,斑点
153.Come across „ 无意中发现,偶遇
154.cast away.被丢掉,遗弃,失事
Let out + sound, 发出„„声音
155.Fickle man 薄幸的男人,浪子
frivolous woman
水性杨花的女人,轻佻女子
156.Be trodden down upon by the wayside „ 在路旁任人践踏
157.Sprinkle 撒,播撒,少量
Strew
散播,洒满,零星散布
158.Pluck out a white hair from mother’s head.从母亲头上拔下一根白发
159.But it is „ that has been the cause of „ 但„才一直是„的原因
160.(Chinese)Inkwash Painting 水墨画
Seal Carving 篆刻
TCM 中草药/中医
161.The gentle waves licking at the shores give forth a humming sound like that of fish in shoals.舐岸的微波吐出群鱼喋噏的声韵。
162.All that forebode a „
所有的都预示着一场„„
163.Crematory = crematorium 火葬场
Scribble 乱画,潦草地书写
164.Every nook and corner of „ 每一个角落,到处
165.Shy away from „ 回避,躲避,退缩
166.Complicated and multifaceted.复杂而多层次的,难以解析的167.Just fancy that „ 只要想想„„ / 真想不到„„
168.In contrast with „ in its entirety, „ is a mere drop in the ocean.跟„整体相比,„不过是沧海一粟
169.Words fail me where silent smiles and tears well express my innermost feelings.言语是不够的,只有独自微笑或落泪才能把内心的感受表现的更外面一些。
170.I shall fail to do justice to „ if I should do no more than „ 倘若只让我„,那我就没法真正地„
171.Be too much of „ 太多了,太过于„„了
172.It smacks of „ 这带点„„的味道 / 有些许„„的气息
173.Enjoy a perfect inner calm, free from any desire or fear.内心平静,无欲无求(惧)
174.Retain stillness in the midst of motion.动中有静
175.While A have to turn to „, „ will be more than adequate for B.A必须要„„,而B只需„„就够了。
176.Embody natural in the midst of artificial.在人为中显出自然
177.Neither too crowd nor too secluded.既不太拥挤也不太僻静
178.A stone’s throw.几步远,一箭之地
Put forth.提出,发表,开花,发芽
179.Be naturally drawn to „ 自然而然地被„„吸引
180.Morning glory.牵牛花,Trumpet Creeper 喇叭花,Marvel-of-Peru 紫茉莉/草茉莉
181.182.美
183.与自然的距离
184.185.把„„付诸现实
186.187.188.189.190.解某事
191.192.193.194.195.196.China pink / Indian Pink 石竹,hyacinth bean 扁豆 Present a scene of poetic charm
如诗如画 / 饱含诗意的Bring people into closer contact with nature by „ 拉近了人A carefree life.无忧无虑的日子
To adapt „ to real life.把„„应用到真实生活中来,Night-Blooming cereuses 昙花
seedling 秧苗,幼苗 Shed tears over„„
因„„而悲痛 Flowers and plants grow in luxuriance.花草繁茂 Weather through。度过(困难阶段)Get the hang of „ 熟悉„„的用法,摸清„„的情况,理Keyed up,紧张的,兴奋的,动员起来的 Abandon „ to their own fate.任其自生自灭 Felt 毡,毡制品
felt blanket 羊毛毯/毛毡毯 The Loess Plateau
黄土高原 Uncultivated virgin area 未开垦的处女领域 Man’s triumph over Nature
人类对大自然的胜利 / 人定
胜天
197.As flat as a whetstone
光滑如磨刀石
198.Were it not for „ 要不是„,如果不是„
199.The sight of the scene will probably call up inside you a string of...此情此景莫不让人联想到„„
200.So much so that „ 到这样的程度以至于„„/如此,以致„„
201.For my part.就我而言,对我来说,我认为
202.I cannot keep myself from „ 我实在忍不住要„„/我无法不„„
203.Much less „ 更不用说„„,更何况于
204.Trudge through.跋涉,步履艰难地走
205.Simplicity, earnestness, dauntlessness and unyieldingness.质朴,诚恳,英勇无畏,坚强不屈
206.How could you fail to „ 你怎能不„„?难道你会不„„?
207.Be the symbolic of the spirit and will of „ 成为„„精神和意志的象征
208.Bursting with vitality 生命力极强,有坚韧的生命力
209.Capable of surviving any hardship or oppression.折磨不了,压迫不倒,顽强地活着
210.I pay tribute to „
我赞美/歌颂„„
211.be loud in someone's praise
极力称赞/赞扬 某人
212.Knowing no one who I could approach with my questions and my doubts, I turned to God;
213.Always have something to recommend himself.总有可取之处,总有闪光点
214.Make light of „ 轻视,藐视,不在意„„
215.Onetime capital。故都。
Muddle along 得过且过,混日子,浑浑噩噩
216.Unlike famous flowers which are most attractive when half opening, good wine which is most tempting when one is half drunk, autumn, however, is best appreciated at its entirety.秋不是名花,也不是美酒,那一种半开、半醉的状态,在领略秋的过程上,是不合适的。
217.Put somebody in mind of „ 让某人回忆起/记起„„
218.Reed catkin 芦花,willow catkin 柳絮,chirping insects 鸣虫,reverberating bell 钟声
219.Be of itself,自发(流露),自然而然地
well up 涌出,表达,流露
220.The clouds roll towards the west and the sun come out in the sky 云卷,天空放晴~~~
221.Creep up on.爬上,悄悄降临,不知不觉地到来
222.Thorny jujube tree 酸枣树
persimmon tree 柿子树
223.History treats all humans alike.历史是公平的224.With a slight touch of regret at the passing of time.伤怀时光的消逝
225.In spite of oneself„ 不由自主地
226.Woman’s only career lies in matrimony.—— Lin Yutang.女人唯一的事业便是结婚。
227.„„? That sounds like the chicken-egg question.„„呢?这好比先有鸡还是先有蛋的问题。
228.Thinking the matter over and over again, I cannot but come to the conclusion that …
229.Neither „ nor „ has anything to recommend itself.„„不好,„„也不好。
230.Petticoat influence 裙带关系,姻亲影响
231.Meanness and ruthlessness
卑鄙冷酷,残忍无情
232.It means nothing to „, but it is everything to „
对某人微不足道,对另外人却是全部/命根
233.Look askance at „ 斜眼看,瞟(常带有怀疑,鄙夷,厌恶等情绪)
234.Hang about,聚在一起,闲逛,游荡,待在某人身边
235.Bounded duty 本分,天职,应尽的义务
236.Keep body and soul together
仅仅能维持生存
237.Gulp down 狼吞虎咽地吃,忍住,强抑住
238.Guardian gods to Buddha 金刚。
239.Herculean strength 力大无比,神力
Hercules 力士,大力神
240.All the answers turned out to be wide of the mark
答案完全不对,离谱。
241.Likewise, one who has never gone through the baptism of romantic love will have little genuine knowledge of life.没有受过浪漫的恋爱洗礼的人生,不算真人生。
242.Mencius says, “The desire for food and sex is nature.”
孟子曰,食色性也。
243.If one remains a lifelong stranger to love, how can he thoroughly understand life? 一个一生不恋爱的人,又如何能够了解人生?
244.At an opportune moment.在恰当的时机
245.Carnal desire 肉欲
Platonic love 纯爱
246.in this present world overflowing with material desires, 在这个物欲横流的世界
247.Love has become a mere game ever since humanity set out on its way to extinction.人性开始灭亡之际,恋爱也成了游戏
248.See to it that, 努力使,保证,务必要(相当于make sure that)
249.Windfall.被风吹落的果子,意外收获,意外之财
250.Frisk for„ 搜查,搜身 / 蹦跳,快乐
251.Put on air.装腔作势
Big shot 大人物,大佬
252.Bark up the wrong tree.攻击错目标,找错人了
253.Crotch 分叉处,(人的)胯部,裤裆
254.Be rolling in money 非常有钱的,非常阔绰
255.Spoils 战利品,赃物
loot 战利品,抢劫,洗劫,掠夺物
256.Be seized with 被(强烈的情感、愿望等)影响
257.Tears well up in my eyes and blurred my glasses泪水涌出我的双眼,模糊了眼镜。
258.Other than.除了,不同于,异于
foolproof 十分简单的,十分安全的,错不了的259.Hedgehog 刺猬,sea urchin 海胆,snake slough 蛇蜕
260.Do your bit.做有益的事情,做出贡献
261.Earmark for 制定专用,划拨专项使用,特定用于
262.One who does not work hard in youth will grieve in vain in old age.少壮不努力老大徒伤悲。
263.In the matter of.就„„而论,在„„方面
264.The First Four Books of History: 前四史(汉书,后汉书,史记,三国志)
265.Lithographic edition 石版油印的,平版印刷的 266.Pluck up the courage 鼓起勇气,振作精神
267.Go in for 参加,从事,参与,赞成268.Good health is the wherewithal for a successful life and career.健康的身体是做人做事的真正本钱
269.Ulterior motive 隐秘不明的动机,另有所图,别有用心
270.Overstress the importance of „ 过分强调„„的重要性
271.As dry as sawdust 如锯木屑般枯燥 / 味同嚼蜡
272.Liberal arts and natural sciences 人文科学与自然科学 / 文理科
273.On the pretext of „ 以„„为借口
274.Rudiments of knowledge 基本功,基础,入门知识
275.Not to speak of „ 更不用说„„ / 而且还„„
276.All-round training 全面训练,通才培训
277.Back down = beat a retreat 放弃,撤退
278.A flight of staircase / steps
一段楼梯,一段台阶
279.In all earnest.认真地,恳切地/再三央求地
280.Scenic spots and historical sites.名胜古迹
281.In the habit of „ 有„„的习惯
silk tree:合欢树,马缨花树
282.Hit upon = come across = find by chance
偶然发现/偶然想到/偶然碰到
283.Secret service特务机关,秘密情报处
284.Get bogged down停滞,陷入困境,陷入问题
285.Conditioned reflex条件反射
next to none很少,几乎没有
286.To the point of „ 达到„„的程度
287.Literary criticism 文学批评 / 文艺评论
288.Redology 红学,红楼梦研究
stupefaction 麻醉,昏迷,麻木状态
289.To my mind 据我观点,在我看来
290.Social strata 社会阶层
skin-deep 肤浅的,轻微的,表面的291.Differ from each other in „ 有着迥异的„„
292.Family background, social experience, cultural tradition, psychological condition.(注意搭配!)
293.The list could go on and on endlessly, so I wouldn’t mind stopping here.很好的套语
294.Of each and every 每一个,每个
Alas
alas
alas
alas
alas唉!
295.Creative and conducive to „ 对„„有创意且有益
296.Be saddled with the epithet of “originator of a bad practice” 背上始作俑者的恶名
297.Be very much like „ 和„„一模一样 / 如出一辙
298.Dying groans and sighs, anguish, sad and helpless垂死的呻吟和叹息,悲痛,悲哀而又无奈
299.Be advanced in years 年老的,上了年纪的 shoulder pole 扁担
300.A great many things will forever be cherished in my memory.301.Eke out(辛苦经营,勉强维持)a bare subsistence
竭力维持温饱的生活
302.Do farming, till lands, plant vegetables, feed pigs, raise silkworms and spin cotton into yarn.务农,耕地,种菜,喂猪,养蚕,纺棉。
303.Work hard from dawn to dusk 起早贪黑地工作(from predawn to midnight)
304.The knack of „ „„的诀窍
榨油 squeeze/extract oil from
305.Coarse grain粗粮
大麦barley,小麦wheat,燕麦oat,荞麦 buckwheat,青稞 Highland barley,高粱 sorghum/kaoliang,小米/黍 millet,306.With gusto 满怀热情的,津津有味的 eat with gusto 吃得津津有味
307.Long-stemmed Chinese pipe 大烟,旱烟
308.Diligence and frugality,generosity and kindheartedness 勤劳和简朴,慷慨和善良
309.Ride roughshod over 欺压,欺凌
Scrape up 积攒,凑足
310.To keep up appearance 撑场面,撑门面
311.Gentry 人们(多贬义),贵族们,有钱人
312.War of Resistance to Japan.抗日战争,抗战
313.Never bow down to any difficulty 不向(任何)困难低头
314.Bequeathed somebody „ 馈赠给,赠予某人„„
315.Pack with 挤进,塞进,塞满了人
316.Hair disheveled like wind-blown withered grass, eyes blood-shot, shuffle languidly in the slippers.头发凌乱得像吹乱的枯草,眼睛布满血丝,颓然地趿拉着拖鞋。
317.A blind alley = a dead-end = cul-de-sac
死胡同
318.Moss-covered and hung with clusters of fresh green wisteria, which almost like screens of primitive simplicity.苔痕斑斑,挂满苍翠欲滴的藤萝,简直像古朴的屏风。
319.Reign peace and quiet amidst of noisy bustle.闹中取静,别有天地
320.Where each family have their covered-up stories of joys and sorrows, and rise and decline.家家有一本哀乐账,有一部兴衰史
321.A water-like placidness will make one forget all cares and worries.平静如水澄明,使人忘忧
322.Greedy sidelong glances and malicious squints.贪婪的睨视,恶意的斜觑。
323.Roam about leisurely 悠闲地散步
a heavenly abode for „ „的乐土,洞天幽境
324.Exchange knowing looks at one another
相互交换眼色,使眼色
325.Questionable attitude towards life and career.生活作风问题(不端正的作风)
326.Be taken aback
被惊到,吃了一惊
327.鸡笼
coop,(鸡)咯咯叫 cackle,yell blue murder 大声惊呼,大惊小怪地叫嚷
328.A glib tongue = a well-oiled tongue 油嘴滑舌的329.Engrossed in doing „
一心做,埋头干。。
330.As something ingrained, it cannot be completely changed overnight.根深蒂固,不可能朝夕改正
331.The discontinuance of heartbeat.心脏停止了跳动
332.Play up to bigwigs 奉承阿谀权贵之人/趋炎附势
frame-up 陷害,捏造,诬陷
333.Crystal clear 完全明白,极其清楚
334.Hearing is not necessarily less credible than seeing.耳听不一定为虚,眼见不一定为实
335.The world over = worldwide 全世界(用作后置定语)
336.Having blind faith in „ 盲目信仰,盲目相信„„
337.Far from being faultless.远不是完美无缺的338.To do somebody a(gross)injustice.(巨大的/严重地)冤枉某人,对某人不公
339.Alms bowl 钵盂,和尚的金钵
340.On no account
绝不
Seek a living for oneself
谋份生路 / 讨生活
341.Get up to mischief 玩闹,乱动
342.Inadvertent 非故意的,不注意的,疏忽的343.An illustrated edition 插图版
344.Get wind of „ 耳闻,听到„„的风声
345.Pay tribute to „ 歌颂,称赞„„
ask(play)riddles
猜谜语
346.the story “Flooding Jinshan Monastery”.A man named Xu Xian rescued two snakes, one white and one green.The white snake changed into a woman to repay Xu’s kindness and married him, while the green snake changed into her maid and accompanied her.A Buddhist monk by the name of Fa Hai saw from Xu’s face that he had been bewitched by an evil spirit, so he hid Xu behind the shrine in Jinshan Monastery, and when Lady White Snake came to look for her husband the whole place was flooded.In the end Fa Hai trapped Lady White Snake, and put her in a small alms-bowl.He buried this bowl in the ground, and built a pagoda over it to prevent her getting out.This was Leifeng Pagoda by West Lake.347.The wretchedness of life and the hopeless situation caused him to take to smoking, drinking and gambling.悲惨的生活和绝望的处境使他渐渐开始染上抽烟、酗酒和赌钱。
348.With poverty came sickness.病随穷来。
349.Utter falteringly 支支吾吾地说
350.Be all for the best 结果会是好的,(表面上看起来不好但)出于好意,到头来会是好事
351.Wretch 可怜的人,不幸的人,卑鄙的人
352.More dead than alive 筋疲力尽,累得要死
a heap of 一大堆,许多
353.Umbilical cord 脐带,placenta 胎盘,354.At the painful recollection 在痛苦的回忆当儿„„
355.Hoe 锄头,shovel 铁铲,spade 铁锹,plough 犁,356.At the crack of dawn,黎明时分,天刚破晓
357.Nuptial(婚礼的,结婚的)chamber = bridal chamber 洞房
358.Indisposition 微恙,不舒服,小病
359.Time and again 屡次,常常
360.In view of the public and the personal concerns 于公于私,361.Earn sb a niche at the temple of fame 名留青史
362.Overthrow the monarch and establish the republic 推翻帝制,建立共和
363.Unshirkable responsibility,无法逃避的责任,义不容辞之责
364.The Three People’s Principles
三民主义
365.The present international situation is capricious.国际局势变幻无常。
366.Time will not stay and brief is the day, a long night invites bad dreams.来日苦短,夜长梦多,时不我待。
367.“For all the disasters the brotherhood has remained;a smile at meeting and enmity is banished.”
渡尽劫波兄弟在,相逢一笑泯恩仇。
368.It fills me with much concern to learn of „近闻„„,颇感关切/甚为挂念
369.A great achievement to go down in history 千秋伟业
Be beset with difficulties: 被 所困扰,包围 Nothing short of : only Surmount: 克服 A mighty long river Fare likewise: 过活,遭遇,进展相同 Now..now..:有时
Be confronted with: 遭遇 面临
Brace up our spirits: 打起精神,下定决心 Grow restless:不安
Help sb out:帮助解决困难
Exhilarate:使活跃,高兴,兴奋 Take after: 向 学习
Be engraved in one’s mind: 铭刻心中 A household name Be on the lips of sb Weak in memory and sloppy in thinking: 草率,粗心,邋遢 With a grin: On urgent business:有急事
What with„and(what with)„一方面由于,另一方面由于,半因 Breathe one’s last: pass away Pet phrase: 口头禅 Lazybone: Personal gains and losses: 个人得失
Innumerable: 无数 大量 in large quantities, bountiful Spread far and wide: 广传
Out of sheer necessity: 出于
需要,不得已
Follow one’s own bent(inclination):平爱好兴趣办事 Be in the prime of life:盛年 年富力强 A special field of study:一种专门学问
Youth should be gone never to return: 一去不复返 Do sb a good turn: 于。有益 不辜负 Make a living /earn one’s bread Set one’s mind on 致力于 Time is no object.时间不是问题 Through the ages 古往今来 Eat into
From cover to cover By dint of At one sitting Obsession with Subject to Slip into the old rut Needless to say Social intercourse 社交 Have little in common with Give little thought to As it were 似乎 可以说是
Have good reason to 有理由干什么 Worthy of remembrance 值得回忆 Bygone days In the habit of习惯做。。Unwittingly 不知不觉的
Reparable loss 可修复的损失
Ward off starvation 避开(坏事 危险)As a last resort
On reflection 想一想 Bedding 铺盖 Be reduced to
Beneath oneself to do Invariably 总是 一直 It stands to reason that。。是合乎情理的 Care to 喜欢 愿意 Fish for help寻找帮助 Generate in me a feeling Personal connections Beyond one’s capacity to do
Solicit help 寻求帮助 resort to
turn to sb for help Disdain to do Go here and there =go about So and so =such and such Kill my idea of 打消念头 Let alone= Divorce from :分离
Urge to do:有
强烈欲望
For good(and all): 永久 一劳永逸 Violate taboo: For one’s part: 至于某人来说,对 而言 Dissuade sb from doing: 说服不要做 Refrain from doing: 忍住,抑制住做。。Set one’s mind at rest:使某人安心
It is more than 2 years since I last saw my father Misfortunes never come singly Heaven always leaves one a way out.Between „and „: 由于什么的共同作用 Urge sb to do After some wavering:经过一些犹豫 动摇
Talk sb out of sth: 打消某人想法,劝阻不要做 Smart aleck: 自作聪明,自以为是的人smarty
第二篇:张培基生平简介
翻译家 :张培基
一 :生平简介
张培基先生系福建福州人,出生于1921年。早年移居上海,在那里接受了初等和中等教育。张先生1945年毕业于上海圣约翰大学英国文学系,同年任《上海自由西报》英文记者、英文《中国评论周报》特约撰稿者兼《中国年鉴》(英文)副总编。1946年赴日本东京远东国际军事法庭任英语翻译,随后留学美国,就读于美国印第安纳大学英国文学系研究院。1949年新中国刚刚成立几天,他便毅然飞回了祖国的怀抱。那一年张培基先生年仅28岁。之后,他在华北大学、革命大学学习并参加了解放区土地改革运动。张先生1951年到北京外文出版社从事编译工作,历四载。1955年起他便在中国人民解放军外国语学校(今洛阳解放军外国语学院)执教,一干就是25年。随着该校校址迁移,张家口、北京、洛阳等城市都留下了他的足迹。1980年张先生转业到地方,开始在北京对外贸易学院(今对外经济贸易大学)任教,1991年退休。他曾任研究生导师,北京市高级职称评委,中国翻译工作者协会理事,外文出版社英文翻译顾问,获国务院颁发的突出贡献者特殊津贴。他的名字已经被列入《中国翻译家词典》,在当今中国翻译界有着重要的地位。几年来,他一直在为《中国翻译》杂志的“翻译自学之友·汉译英练习”专栏撰稿,这些译文自然流畅并且极具文采,充分体现了译者的翻译理念,实乃翻译作品的经典,令许多读者和翻译爱好者受益匪浅。这些译文后来被收进《英译中国现代散文选》集结出版,不但为中国学者进一步研究翻译理论与技巧提供了丰富的实例文章,而且为外国学者研究中国五四以来知识分子的思想发展提供了大量的素材。目前他还担任《英语世界》杂志的顾问,同时他也是北京一所民办学校的顾问,作为一名老教育家,他为该校的师资培养做出了很大贡献。二 : 主要翻译作品
1955 年 柔石《为奴隶的母亲》(载英文版《中国文学》杂志)
1960年 曹禹《明朗的天》(外文出版社)
1962年 杨植霖《王若飞在狱中》(外文出版社)
1984年 王士菁《鲁迅传》(外文出版社)
1999年 《英译中国现代散文选》(上海外语教育出版社)
1987年 廖静文《徐悲鸿一生》(外文出版社)1964年 《习语汉译英研究》(商务印书馆)
1964年 《英语声色词与翻译》(商务印书馆)
1980年 《英汉翻译教程》(主编,上海外语教育出版社)
1984年 The Chinese-English Interpreter's Handbook
(《汉英口译手册》与加拿大马拉斯匹那学院方面合编)
2003年 《英译中国现代散文选》(上海外语教育出版社)
2007年《英译中国现代散文选》
(三)(Selected Modern Chinese Essays 3)(上海外语教育出版社)
三 :翻译风格 张培基先生在翻译时力求做到语言新鲜自然、选词准确精致,注重把握语篇神韵,使原文信息与风格得到完美再现。句子短小、精悍,结构简单;用词简单、明了;修辞处理合理,力求通俗易懂;语言逻辑关系清晰;对文化因素处理得体,读者对译文无理解障碍.四 :译作赏析
例1: 原文: 我们几姊弟和几个小丫头都很喜欢--买种的买种,动土的动土,灌园的灌园;过不了几个月,居然收获了!(许地山《落花生》)
译文: That exhilarated us children and our servant girls as well, and we soon started buying seeds, ploughing the land and watering the plants.We gathered in a good harvest just after a couple of months!
“买种的买种,动土的动土,灌园的灌园”是一个排比结构,表现出“我们”说干就干,急迫又忙碌的情景。如果译文也译为排比结构“Some bought seeds, others ploughed the land and still others watered the plants.”则显得节奏缓慢,语言也拖泥带水。这里张译采用了start + ing 形式,一方面使得语言简练,另一方面在视觉上增添了动感,仿佛把读者带到了孩子们风风火火的劳动现场。另外,此句中“居然”一词看似漏译,但这种“惊喜”的感觉已被“good”和“just after”两个词以及句末感叹号传达得非常到位。
例2: 原文: 实在是最可怜的同胞,他们种地没的吃,有力气没的卖,当了兵经常饿肚皮,无奈何只好出此下策。(叶圣陶《我坐了木船》)
译文:Those pitiful fellow countrymen who, unable to ward off starvation by farming or soldiering or whatnot, have been reduced to the disreputable business as a last resort.张先生把这个由三个主谓结构分句组成的并列句处理为一个动词词组加上方式状语:unable to ward off starvation by farming or soldiering or whatnot,表面看没能与原文对号入座,但其实张先生早就抓住了这句话的精神,用更凝练的语言,更接近于英语使用者的思维方式道出了这句话的内涵。Farming和soldiering对应“种地”与“当了兵”。那么“有力气没的卖”对应什么呢?这句话的内涵是“他们”也许根本就没地种,也没工作做,也找不到什么其它可以通过出卖自己的劳动力而糊口的活路,因此“有力气没处卖”。接下来张先生用whatnot这个词模糊处理了尚未表达出的信息。不过为了尊重语言习惯,这个词最好放在最后。
例3: 原文: 蔷薇的花色还是鲜艳的,一朵紫红,一朵嫩红,一朵是病黄的象牙色中带点血晕。(郭沫若《路畔的蔷薇》)
译文: They(roses)were still fresh in color.One was purplish red, another pink, still another a sickly ivory-yellow slightly tinged with blood red.原文中“一朵……一朵……一朵”是一个排比结构,并列关系,而张培基先生却把它处理为one … another … still another 这种递进结构,使译文更接近“英式思维”,更地道。此外,张先生对几个颜色词的处理也恰倒好处。“Sickly ivory-yellow slightly tinged with blood red” 中两个颜色词组搭配得珠联璧合,这样,一朵虽然纤弱但对生命仍然执着的蔷薇花便跃然纸上。其实张培基先生早在1964年就出版了专著《英语声色词与翻译》,对声色词的翻译做了深刻探究。他认为要做好这方面的翻译,译者必须掌握大量的英语声色词及其组词结构和适用的场合。这样的声色词为张先生的译作的确增色不少。除了以上提及的描写蔷薇花的颜色,还有很多让人叫好的色彩。如:sapphire mountains and emerald rivers(青山绿水),bitter cold North with its drab and dried up vegetation(严冷枯黄的北方),the sky pallid(天的颜色显得淡),azure skies(碧绿的天色),a light yellowish-green(淡绿微黄(的枣子)), The banks with their yellowish soil and green grass receded into two greenish strips(两岸是黄土和青草,再过去是两条的青痕)等等,这里不一一枚举。
例 4:张培基教授的英译文《快乐的死亡》充分体现了张培基先生对中西两种文化、两种语言的透彻的理解和娴熟的驾驭。张培基教授在力求选词得当,语句自然流畅的同时又不拘泥于计较词句上的得失。他把语篇神韵摆在第一位,追求既能完美地表达原文信息、原文功能、又能译出原文的风格与韵味。
作家有三种死法。
译文:A writer can die three kinds of death.
diethe death:end suddenly and completelv,是一种戏谑的说法;恐怕大多数人会很顺手的翻成“a writer can die in three ways”,而此种译法势必不能表达原文作者并不犀利的语言之中所表达的凝重话题。
自然的死属于心脏停止跳动,是一种普通的死亡形式……
译文:Natural death,caused by the discontinuation of heartbeat,is acommon form of death...原文的“属于”很容易很让想到“belong to”短语,可是张培基教授却用了一个被动语态将原文更地道更通顺地表达了出来。
作家没有了作品,可以看作是个人艺术生命的死亡、职业的停顿。
译文:When a writer no longer produces any works,it is tantamount tothe death of his artistic life or the end of his career.
形容词tantamount不仅显示了张培基教授英语词汇量之大,更显示了其驾驭语言的能力。动词produce及名次end的译法,若没有正确理解原文,吃透原文字里行间的意思,一般人怕是翻译不出来的吧。
第三篇:张培基生平简介
翻译家 :张培基
一 :生平简介
张培基先生系福建福州人,出生于1921年。早年移居上海,在那里接受了初等和中等教育。张先生1945年毕业于上海圣约翰大学英国文学系,同年任《上海自由西报》英文记者、英文《中国评论周报》特约撰稿者兼《中国年鉴》(英文)副总编。1946年赴日本东京远东国际军事法庭任英语翻译,随后留学美国,就读于美国印第安纳大学英国文学系研究院。1949年新中国刚刚成立几天,他便毅然飞回了祖国的怀抱。那一年张培基先生年仅28岁。之后,他在华北大学、革命大学学习并参加了解放区土地改革运动。张先生1951年到北京外文出版社从事编译工作,历四载。1955年起他便在中国人民解放军外国语学校(今洛阳解放军外国语学院)执教,一干就是25年。随着该校校址迁移,张家口、北京、洛阳等城市都留下了他的足迹。1980年张先生转业到地方,开始在北京对外贸易学院(今对外经济贸易大学)任教,1991年退休。他曾任研究生导师,北京市高级职称评委,中国翻译工作者协会理事,外文出版社英文翻译顾问,获国务院颁发的突出贡献者特殊津贴。他的名字已经被列入《中国翻译家词典》,在当今中国翻译界有着重要的地位。几年来,他一直在为《中国翻译》杂志的“翻译自学之友·汉译英练习”专栏撰稿,这些译文自然流畅并且极具文采,充分体现了译者的翻译理念,实乃翻译作品的经典,令许多读者和翻译爱好者受益匪浅。这些译文后来被收进《英译中国现代散文选》集结出版,不但为中国学者进一步研究翻译理论与技巧提供了丰富的实例文章,而且为外国学者研究中国五四以来知识分子的思想发展提供了大量的素材。目前他还担任《英语世界》杂志的顾问,同时他也是北京一所民办学校的顾问,作为一名老教育家,他为该校的师资培养做出了很大贡献。
二: 主要翻译作品
1955 年 柔石《为奴隶的母亲》(载英文版《中国文学》杂志)
1960年 曹禹《明朗的天》(外文出版社)
1962年 杨植霖《王若飞在狱中》(外文出版社)
1984年 王士菁《鲁迅传》(外文出版社)
1999年 《英译中国现代散文选》(上海外语教育出版社)
1987年 廖静文《徐悲鸿一生》(外文出版社)
1964年 《习语汉译英研究》(商务印书馆)
1964年 《英语声色词与翻译》(商务印书馆)
1980年 《英汉翻译教程》(主编,上海外语教育出版社)
1984年 The Chinese-English Interpreter's Handbook
(《汉英口译手册》与加拿大马拉斯匹那学院方面合编)
2003年 《英译中国现代散文选》(上海外语教育出版社)
2007年《英译中国现代散文选》
(三)(Selected Modern Chinese Essays 3)(上海外语教育出版社)
三 :翻译风格
张培基先生在翻译时力求做到语言新鲜自然、选词准确精致,注重把握语篇神韵,使原文信息与风格得到完美再现。句子短小、精悍,结构简单;用词简单、明了;修辞处理合理,力求通俗易懂;语言逻辑关系清晰;对文化因素处理得体,读者对译文无理解障碍.四:译作赏析
例1: 原文: 我们几姊弟和几个小丫头都很喜欢--买种的买种,动土的动土,灌园的灌园;过不了几个月,居然收获了!(许地山《落花生》)
译
文: That exhilarated us children and our servant girls as well, and we soon started buying seeds, ploughing the land and watering the plants.We gathered in a good harvest just after a couple of months!
“买种的买种,动土的动土,灌园的灌园”是一个排比结构,表现出“我们”说干就干,急迫又忙碌的情景。如果译文也译为排比结构
“Some bought seeds, others ploughed the land and still others watered the plants.”则显得节奏缓慢,语言也拖泥带水。这里张译采用了start + ing 形式,一方面使得语言简练,另一方面在视觉上增添了动感,仿佛把读者带到了孩子们风风火火的劳动现场。另外,此句中“居然”一词看似漏译,但这种“惊喜”的感觉已被“good”和“just after”两个词以及句末感叹号传达得非常到位。
例2: 原文: 实在是最可怜的同胞,他们种地没的吃,有力气没的卖,当了兵经常饿肚皮,无奈何只好出此下策。(叶圣陶《我坐了木船》)
译文:
Those pitiful fellow countrymen who, unable to ward off starvation by farming or soldiering or whatnot, have been reduced to the disreputable business as a last resort.张先生把这个由三个主谓结构分句组成的并列句处理为一个动词词组加上方式状语:unable to ward off starvation by farming or soldiering or whatnot,表面看没能与原文对号入座,但其实张先生早就抓住了这句话的精神,用更凝练的语言,更接近于英语使用者的思维方式道出了这句话的内涵。Farming和soldiering对应“种地”与“当了兵”。那么“有力气没的卖”对应什么呢?这句话的内涵是“他们”也许根本就没地种,也没工作做,也找不到什么其它可以通过出卖自己的劳动力而糊口的活路,因此“有力气没处卖”。接下来张先生用whatnot这个词模糊处理了尚未表达出的信息。不过为了尊重语言习惯,这个词最好放在最后。
例3: 原文: 蔷薇的花色还是鲜艳的,一朵紫红,一朵嫩红,一朵是病黄的象牙色中带点血晕。(郭沫若《路畔的蔷薇》)
译
文: They(roses)were still fresh in color.One was purplish red, another pink, still another a sickly ivory-yellow slightly tinged with blood red.原文中“一朵……一朵……一朵”是一个排比结构,并列关系,而张培基先生却把它处理为one … another … still another 这种递进结构,使译文更接近“英式思维”,更地道。此外,张先生对几个颜色词的处理也恰倒好处。
“Sickly ivory-yellow slightly tinged with blood red” 中两个颜色词组搭配得珠联璧合,这样,一朵虽然纤弱但对生命仍然执着的蔷薇花便跃然纸上。其实张培基先生早在1964年就出版了专著《英语声色词与翻译》,对声色词的翻译做了深刻探究。他认为要做好这方面的翻译,译者必须掌握大量的英语声色词及其组词结构和适用的场合。这样的声色词为张先生的译作的确增色不少。除了以上提及的描写蔷薇花的颜色,还有很多让人叫好的色彩。如:sapphire mountains and emerald rivers(青山绿水),bitter cold North with its drab and dried up vegetation(严冷枯黄的北方),the sky pallid(天的颜色显得淡),azure skies(碧绿的天色),a light yellowish-green(淡绿微黄(的枣
子)), The banks with their yellowish soil and green grass receded into two greenish strips(两岸是黄土和青草,再过去是两条的青痕)等等,这里不一一枚举。
例 4:张培基教授的英译文《快乐的死亡》充分体现了张培基先生对中西两种文化、两种语言的透彻的理解和娴熟的驾驭。张培基教授在力求选词得当,语句自然流畅的同时又不拘泥于计较词句上的得失。他把语篇神韵摆在第一位,追求既能完美地表达原文信息、原文功能、又能译出原文的风格与韵味。
作家有三种死法。译文:A writer can die three kinds of death.diethe death:end suddenly and completelv,是一种戏谑的说法;恐怕大多数人会很顺手的翻成“a writer can die in three ways”,而此种译法势必不能表达原文作者并不犀利的语言之中所表达的凝重话题。
自然的死属于心脏停止跳动,是一种普通的死亡形式……译文:Natural death,caused by the discontinuation of heartbeat,is acommon form of death...原文的“属于”很容易很让想到“belong to”短语,可是张培基教授却用了一个被动语态将原文更地道更通顺地表达了出来。
作家没有了作品,可以看作是个人艺术生命的死亡、职业的停顿。译文:When a writer no longer produces any works,it is tantamount tothe death of his artistic life or the end of his career.形容词tantamount不仅显示了张培基教授英语词汇量之大,更显示了其驾驭语言的能力。动词produce及名次end的译法,若没有正确理解原文,吃透原文字里行间的意思,一般人怕是翻译不出来的吧。
第四篇:张培基先生散文翻译中保存“质朴”风格的技巧
张培基先生散文翻译中保存“质朴”风格的技巧
——读《英译中国现代散文选》有感
摘 要:在《英译中国现代散文选》中,翻译家张培基先生保存散文风格方面的技巧值得学习:句子短小、精悍,结构简单;用词简单、明了;修辞处理合理,力求通俗易懂;语言逻辑关系清晰;对文化因素处理得体,读者对译文无理解障碍。以上技巧的合理运用,翻译工作者可以此为鉴。
国内已有不少文章对张先生的这本译著大加赞赏,如李明的《张培基先生的英译文〈落花生〉赏析》认为,“张培基先生的英译文《落花生》在再现原文信息、体现原文功能方面为我们英译汉语散文树立了典范”[1 ];朱曼华的《中国散文翻译的新收获》中说:“拜读之后笔者觉得张先生在处理‘增益’与‘删略’关系‘表层语义’与‘潜层语义’关系,以及声色词语对应与非对应性关系等诸多方面出手不凡,均有独到之处。”
众所周知,不同的语体有自身不同的特点,诗歌有诗歌的意境,散文有散文的韵味,论说文有论说文的气势。在翻译过程中,除了保持各种文体语义上的忠实外,语体上也应忠实原文。语体对等问题,属于翻译风格论的范畴。
散文是“真实”的、“诚笃”的、“不加雕饰”的、“不做作”的,因而是一种令人感到亲切的文体[3 ](P1)。张先生在散文的翻译中对“质朴”风格处理得非常到位。细读《英译中国现代散文》,人们会发现张先生在保存散文“质朴”风格方面是煞费苦心的。归纳起来,张先生的翻译在如下几个方面做了“文章”:
一、句子短小精悍,结构简单
从理论上说,英语语言与汉语语言相比,英语句子“常常是环扣相嵌,盘根错节,句中有句”,也就是所谓的“楼房建筑法”(architecture style)。而汉语以散句、松句、紧缩句、省略句、流水句等短句居多[4 ](P48the26)
译文句子多为简单句和并列句,译文干净、利落,通俗易懂,给人一种清爽自然之美,而没有盘根错节之迷惑。
二、用词简单、通俗
张培基先生在翻译散文时, 很少使用生僻词(bigwords),主要使用普通的形容词、副词和动词等,以达到言简意赅。例如:
1.他的脑子也不小,但他的记性却不很精明,他的思想也不很细密。———《差不多先生传》His brain is none too small ,but he is weak in memory andsloppy in thinking.2.??但草木凋得慢,空气来得润,天的颜色显得淡,并且又时常多雨而少风;———《故都的秋》but over there plants wither slowly ,the air is moist ,the skypallid ,and it is more often rainy than windy , ??
3.他用两手攀着上面,两脚再向上缩;他肥胖的身子向左微倾。??过铁道时,他先将橘子散放在地上,自己慢慢爬下,再抱起橘子走。———《背影》His hands held onto the upper part of the platform ,his legshuddled up and his corpulent body tipped slightly towards theleft , ??In crossing the railway track ,he first put the tangerineson the ground ,climbed down slowly and then picked them up again.4.燕子去了,有再来的时候;杨柳枯了,有再青的时候;桃花谢了,有再开的时候。但是,聪明的,你告诉我,我们的日子为什么一去不复返呢? ———《匆匆》If swallows go away ,they will come back again.If willowswither ,they will turn green again.If peach blossoms fade ,theywill flower again.But ,tell me ,you the wise ,why should our daysgo by never to return ?
从以上的摘录我们可以看出,张先生翻译的风格用词方面朴实无华,对保存原文风格起到至关重要的作用。
三、修辞上力求通俗易懂
一般说来,散文中修辞格用得相当少。但张培基先生在翻译中对于这一小部分语言要素也不忽略,认真处理,使译文没有生硬的感觉。例如:
1.??在交际上不许你不计较,不许你不打算,结果彼此都“钩心斗角”,像七巧板似的只选定了某一方面和对方去结合。———《中年人的寂寞》(明喻)
??and cannot choose but become more calculating in social dealings till they start scheming against each other.They always keep a wary eye ,as it were ,on each other in their association.此句修辞格采用意译法处理。如果直译为like a jigsawpuzzle ,势必会引起误解。
2.我每走到一个新地方,我就像回到我那个在上海被日本兵毁掉的旧居一样。———《朋友》(比喻)
Whatever new places I called at ,I always felt at home as if Iwere back in my old residence in Shanghai which had already beenraged to the ground by Japanese troops.此句用增词法处理,原文修辞部分的意义更加明确。
3.他也说我一天不写文章第二天就没有饭吃。
———《朋友》(借代)
He also says that I would have nothing to live on once Ishould lay down my pen.意译法处理该句符合英语表达习惯,如直译为“have norice to eat”,一定会引起歧义,让人费解。
4.弓儿似的新月,挂在树梢。———《笑》(明喻)
The crescent newmoon looked as if hanging on the tips ofthe trees.译文仍然用比喻的修辞手法翻译原文的比喻,但却转移了喻体, “弓儿似的”如果直译成bow49)。汉译英至关重要的一步就是弄清汉语各句之间的逻辑关系。张培基先生在翻译散文时,使用适当的句型表现逻辑关系,译文通俗易懂。例如:
1.那年冬天,祖母死了,父亲的差使也交卸了,正是祸不单行的日子?? ———《背影》Misfortunes never come singly.In the winter of more than twoyears ago ,grandma died and father lost his job.原文事实在前,结论在后;译文结论在前,事实在后。
调整结论与事实的顺序,更符合西方人逻辑思维习惯。
2.世代为地主耕种,家境是贫穷的,和我们来往的朋友也都是老老实实的贫苦农民。———《母亲的回忆》From generation to generation ,they tilled land for landlordsonly to eke out a bare subsistence.“only to”表明一种结果关系。
3.可是她的时间大半给家务和耕种占去了,没法照顾孩子,只好让孩子们在地里爬着。———《母亲的回忆》But she was too busily occupied with household chores andfarming to look after the kids so that they were left alone crawlingabout in the fields.too ?to ?表示一种逻辑上的因果关系, so that 表示结果。
4.??我们叫做“家织布”,有铜钱那样厚,一套衣服老大穿过了,老二老三接下来穿还穿不烂。
———《母亲的回忆》It was as thick as a copper coin and was so durable that
theeldest brother had grown out of the homehand ?
芒种是中国的24 节气之一,直译法必须加注,否则会让人费解,意译法简洁明了。
2.可是想要结婚,第一要有钱,第二要有闲,第三要有职,这潘驴??的五个条件,却也很不容易办到。
———《谈结婚》But , to get married , you need to have five prerequisites ,namely ,money ,leisure ,employment ,good looks and potentness ,of which all are not always available.“潘驴”源自《金瓶梅》第三回,指“潘安的貌”和“驴大行货”,在原文中指第四、第五个条件。张先生用意译法处理,化解了文化障碍。
3.??那真是祖宗三代的楣都要倒尽,那里还有什么“官人请!娘子请!”的唱随之乐可说呢? ———《谈结婚》With such a terrible misfortune befalling your family , howcould you still have wedded bliss to speak of ?
“官人请!娘子请!”是中国文化表达闺房之乐的典型例子,如果直译,西方人一定会茫然不知其意。用类属词就克服了文化差异。
4.他姓差,名不多。———《差不多先生传》His surname is Cha and his given name ,Buduo ,which altogether mean“About the Same”.此句用增补法,补充了中文“差不多”的意义,目的语读者就能理解这篇文章的中心内容了。
文化因素经过合理处理,以读者能够理解的形式进入目的语。对保存散文“质朴”的风格也起了很大的作用。
正如《中国散文翻译的新收获》一文对张先生的这本译著这样评价:“如果只读《英译中国现代散文选》(汉英对照)中的英文,你不会觉得这是译文,不会觉得其英文是出自一位中国人的手。译者不仅在句子层面上力求做到语言自然流畅、准确细致、雅俗得当,而且又特别着意语篇神韵的再创造,力求既完美地保持原文的信息、原文的功能又译出原文的风格或味道来。”[ 2 ](P61)
可见,张先生在散文翻译方面所取得的成绩,大家有目共睹,可取之处很多。仔细阅读,还可发掘出许多有益的翻译技巧。本文只是抛砖引玉,以求更多更全面的评述。
参考文献:
[1 ]李 明.张培基先生的英译文《落花生》赏析[J ].中国翻译,1997 ,(4).[2 ]朱曼华.中国散文翻译的新收获[J ].中国翻译,2000 ,(3).[3 ]张培基.英译中国现代散文选[M].上海:上海外语教育出版社,2000.[4 ]连淑能.英汉对比研究[M].北京:高等教育出版社,
第五篇:文学英语翻译:张培基英译散文《哭》
文学英语翻译:张培基英译散文《哭》
那年,我坐夜车去朝拜圣地——到茂陵瞻仰霍去病墓前的雕刻。
Years ago ,I went by night train to Mao Ling ,a sacred place in Shaanxi Province,to pay homage to the sculptures standing before Huo Qubing's tomb.要点:
1,题目虽然是《哭》但根据文章内容,题目更确切的意思应为“快要流泪”,或“几乎流泪”,因此译为On the Verge of Tears 2,“那年”即“有一年”或“几年前”,译为that year会造成读者困扰,因为that 通常指前面提到过的事物,现译Years ago 综述:
题目的翻译看似简单,其实是建立在对于全文的理解上。
夜车到了终点站,霍去病墓还老远。在那满天星斗的西北草原上,我时而顺着大车道,时而踏着羊肠小径往前赶路,及至霍去病墓地,天色才开始曙明。附近没有行 人,我迫不及待的扑向墓前那几座庞然巨物的伟大雕刻作品。我十分激动,它们永远是活着的,并一直是我精神上的支柱。当我在异国遭到歧视的时候,当世界上其 他国家的杰出艺术品令我敬仰的时候,我自馁的时候,痛苦的时候„„这几座气势磅礴的永恒的石头雕刻便总会呈现在我的眼前。
As it was a long way from the terminal station to Huo's tomb,I had to hurry on with my journey on foot under the starry sky of Northwest China,sometimes on along a broad road,sometimes on a narrow footpath.The day was just dawning when I arrived at Huo's tomb.Not a pedestrian in sight.I lost no time in presenting myself before the majestic carved works of great magnitude before the tomb ,I was beside myself with agitation.The immortal art treasures will be my permanent spiritual prop.Whenever I am discriminated against in a foreign country ,whenever I stand in awe before a foreign outstanding work of art ,whenever I am disheartened,whenever
I suffer agony „ these imperishable stone carvings of amazing grandeur will inevitably appear in my minds eye.要点:
1,“夜车到了终点站,霍去病墓还老远。”译为As it was a long way from the terminal station to Huo's tomb,以as串句简洁流畅,如果用when the night train arrived at its terminal station, Huo’s tomb still a long way off„则不如第一种译法通顺
2,“我„往前赶路”译为I had to hurry on with my journey,to hurry on with 意为“匆忙做某事”如:He promised to hurry on with the report and send it to us today.(他答应赶紧写好报告,今天就给我们送来.)3,“附近没有行人”译为Not a pedestrian in sight,其中省略了was,不知道有多少童鞋想译成there be„„
4,“我迫不及待地扑向„”译为I lost no time in presenting myself before„ 其中“迫不及待”还可译为hurriedly ,“扑向”即“奔向”,还可译为came up to„
5,“它们永远是活着的,并一直是我精神上的支柱”译为The immortal art treasures will be my permanent spiritual prop,其中art treasure 是译者后加的,属于增添词,为的是满足造句的需要
综述:
本段在简化句子结构和增加流畅性上有很多出彩的表达,比如Not a pedestrian in sight„和借用增译词来引导句子,值得我们借鉴。
我久久徘徊于霍墓雕刻间,远看,浑然一体;近看,耐人寻味,在粗犷的斧凿中行走着蜿蜒的线。斯是顽石,却生意盎然,全世界的艺术家到此不能不肃然起敬!“我们的祖先比你强的多!”我也许是继承了阿Q精神胜利的一面吧,但有了这样矗立在世界艺术史上的祖先爷爷,确实得天独厚。这总是值得欣慰的!
I loitered for quite a long while among the sculptures, which were an integrated mass when viewed from afar and very intriguing when scrutinized lose by.Traceable among the rough marks of hatchet and chisel were delicate lines zigzagging.Insensate
as they were, the carved stones were brimming with life and vigor, Artists from all over the world cannot help feeling awed when they visit this place.“Our forefathers did much better than you!” I declared ,maybe affected by Ah Q's philosphy of “spiritual victory”.We are indeed very lucky to have our forefathers standing tall and upright in the world history of art.This is certainly a matter for rejoicing.要点:
1,“在粗犷的斧凿中行走着蜿蜒的线”即“蜿蜒的线条行走于粗犷的斧凿痕迹中” 译为Traceable among the rough marks of hatchet and chisel were delicate lines zigzagging.译者采用倒装句,更加突出“线条”的主语地位
2,“都不能不”译为“都禁不住要„”译为can not help doing 3,“我也许是继承了阿Q精神胜利的一面吧”即“我也许是受了阿Q‘精神胜利法’的影响”译为maybe affected by Ah Q's philosphy of “spiritual victory”.philosophy作“人生哲学”“观点”解,外国读者可能不理解什么是“阿Q精神”此处要稍微解释一下
综述:
四字词值得积累。
1989年我重返巴黎,感慨万千。返回后,我怀着一种极其复杂的心情又一次去老了西安,再一次瞻仰霍墓雕刻。在霍去病墓前,在秦俑坑前,在碑林博物馆的汉唐石雕前,我只想嚎啕痛哭。老伴跟随我,还有那么多观众,我不敢哭。哭什么?哭它太伟大了,哭老鹰的后代不会变成麻雀吧?
In 1989,While revisiting Paris ,I felt all sorts of emotion surging up within me, Back in China, when I paid another visited to Xi'an and the sculptures before Huo's tomb,I was seized with mixed feelings, I just felt like crying with abandon as I stand once more before Huo's tomb, before the Chin Dynasty terra cotta warriors and horses and before the Han Tang Upright stone tablets bearing ancient inscriptions.But I refrained from tears because I was then accompanied by my wife and surrounded by numerous spectators.Why did I feel like having a good cry?Because
my motherland is so great and because of my fears about the descendants of the eagles turning out to be sparrows.要点:
1,“我只想嚎啕痛哭”译为I just felt like crying with abandon,其中with abandon作“放任”“纵情”解,如:People were shouting and cheering with abandon.意即”人们兴高采烈,纵情欢呼.”后面的good cry也是“痛哭一场”的意思
2,“哭老鹰的后代不会变成麻雀吧”意即“因为担心老鹰的后代会变成麻雀而哭”译为because of my fears about the descendants of the eagles turning out to be sparrows.其中my fears about 和I am worried that 都是根据意思的增益的词,为了文章的顺畅表达
综述:
本段乃至全文都有许多增益的部分,它们在保证文章流畅和准确传达原文意思中的作用功不可没,值得注意。