第一篇：鲁迅的为父之道
鲁迅的为父之道：给孩子自由空间
李克勤（jixuie）题记：父亲节时作为父亲理当想想怎样当好父亲。鲁迅的为父之道，颇值得研究学习。
许广平最喜欢的一张鲁迅照片，儿子周海婴猜想这是因为这张照片表现出鲁迅少有的潇洒、轻松、极富生活化的神情气度。
鲁迅1919年，在《新青年》第六卷第六号发表了一篇著名文章《我们现在怎样做父亲》。鲁迅说，觉醒的人们，应先解放自己的孩子“肩起黑暗的闸门，放他们到宽阔光明的地方，此后幸福地度日，合理地做人”。
“这是一件极伟大的要紧的事，也是一件极艰苦困难的事”。
为此鲁迅提出了他的思路，“开宗第一，便是理解”。“往昔的欧人对于孩子的误解，是以为成人的预备；中国人的误解是以为缩小的成人。直到近来，经过许多学者的研究，才知道孩子的世界，与成人截然不同；倘不先行理解，一味蛮做，便大碍于孩子的发达。所以一切设施，都应该以孩子为本位”。
“第二，便是指导。”鲁迅给了父亲一个很现代的定位，他明确指出“长者须是指导者协商者，却不该是命令者”。他要求父亲“不但不该责幼者供奉自己；而且还须用全副精神，专为他们自己，养成他们有耐劳作的体力，纯洁高尚的道德，广博自由能容纳新潮流的精神，也就是能在世界新潮流中游泳，不被淹末的力量。”
“第三，便是解放。子女是即我非我的人，但既已分立，也便是人类中的人，因为即我，所以更应该尽教育的义务，交给他们自立的能力；因为非我，所以也应同时解放，全部为他们自己所有，成一个独立的人。”
鲁迅还概括指出：“这样，便是父母对于子女，应该健全的产生，尽力的教育，完全的解放。”
这完全可以说成是鲁迅的为父之道。
鲁迅先生不愧为新文化的旗手，他在家庭文化上的创新，同样具有革命意义。时至今日，我们不得不佩服鲁迅的文化洞察力，还有他在文化上独树一帜的革命精神。
我们每一个做父亲，和将要做父亲的人，都需要学习鲁迅先生的为父之道，这关系着我们的孩子的发展，同样也关系着我们中华民族的未来发展。
鲁迅有不少官员做父亲和教育孩子的文章。有一个很突出的核心观点就是切勿望子成龙。我非常赞成。也些过一句格言：“教子做人的父母比望子成龙的父母更聪明，更能够收到意外的回报”。（被收入2007《中华名人格言》中国文史出版社出版）鲁迅对他的儿子说过这样的话（大意）：“不能做宝塔的尖顶，就做承载宝塔的泥土”；“不能做有出息的文学家，绝不可去做空头文学家”。现在我们年轻父母的种种烦躁浮躁，无益不是望子成龙的表现。世界上那有那么多龙？不会符合物以稀为贵的法则啊！“明月”圈精。
第二篇：奥巴马关于为父之道的演讲
奥巴马关于为父之道的演讲
[1484](2008-06-26)奥巴马很有可能成为美国的下一任总统已引起人们的普遍关注。《人民日报海外版》也打破对美国大选期间不予置评的惯例，6月16日头版刊登了该报高级编辑丁刚的文章《奥巴马现象》。倘若美国人今年11月确实选出一位大力倡导变革的新总统，中美关系随之而将出现一些调整变化将在所难免。因此，对奥巴马这位政坛新星，人们都想知道他到底是何方神圣，竟有这么大能耐，能把人们普遍十分看好的前美国第一夫人希拉里·克林顿击败而获得民主党提名。他的出身、学历、爱好、信仰、工作经验、政治主张、价值观等都将是许多人想多了解的内容。也许不久的将来，他的两本书《家父留下的梦想》与《勇于拥抱希望》将有中译本出现。
最近在父亲节6月15日，奥巴马作了一个关于为父之道的演讲，给人提供了又一个了解他人生观的窗口。一般像妇女节、母亲节、儿童节这样的节日，人人都应该说些恭维话或做些慰劳妇女、母亲、儿童的事。在父亲节这个属于父亲的节日也应该给当父亲的说几句好话才合适，但奥巴马像吃了豹子胆似的，在演讲中大谈美国当爸黑人的不是。可能由于他的威信或由于他说中要害，黑人父亲们听了像哑巴吃黄连一样，居然一声不吭，甘受奚落。
奥巴马由于他原来所属教堂“芝加哥三合一联合基督教堂”前不久不断发生有争议性的种族性言论事件而不得不于五月宣布脱离该教堂。6月15日他选择芝加哥的另一个主要以黑人信徒为主的上帝使徒教堂发表他的演讲。在演讲的开场白中，奥巴马借《圣经》一段有关岩石的话对岩石的比喻作了进一步延伸。他把岩石比喻为基础。任何事业都需要有像岩石一样坚实的基础。他指出上帝使徒教堂之所以能长久存在下来并得到发展就是因为有其杰出创始人波莱基尔主教这个“岩石”所起的作用。然后他在演讲中继续讲道：
“在我们建立我们生活所依附的岩石中，今天我们要记起来的是，最重要的岩石是家庭。我们须要认识到并予以肯定的是，每位父亲对这个基础能起多么关键的作用。父亲是教师和教练，他们是导师和生活角色的模范，是成功的榜样，亦是老推动我们走向成功的人。
“但如果我们坦诚的话，我们应该承认有太多的父亲不在其位——不在太多人的生活里，不在太多的家里。他们置他们的责任于不顾，表现得像小男孩而不是男子汉。我们许许多多家庭的基础也因此而变得更加薄弱了。
“你我都知道这种情况在非洲裔美国人的社会里多么真实。我们知道一半以上的黑人小孩住在单亲的家庭里，这个数字比我们童年时代高出一倍。统计资料告诉我们：生活里没有父亲的孩子比较容易落入贫困或犯罪的可能性高出五倍；他们比较容易弃学的可能性高出九倍；比较容易关进监狱的可能性高出二十倍。他们比较可能出现行为问题，比较可能离家出走，比较可能成为青春发育年龄期父母。由于父亲的缺席，我们社会的基础变得更加薄弱。
……
“但我们也需要家庭来抚育我们的子女。我们需要父亲们能认识到做父亲的责任并不终止于导致怀孕。我们需要他们认识到，不是有生孩子的能力，而是有抚养孩子的勇气才配称男子汉。
“我们需要帮助那些正在靠自己抚养孩子的母亲。她们送孩子上学，去上班，下午接孩子回家，再上一次班，做饭和准备午餐饭盒，付帐单，打点家务，以及种种需要双亲干的工作。许许多多的妇女正干着这些英勇伟大的工作，但她们需要支持啊。她们需要另一个家长。她们的孩子也需要另一个家长。唯有如此他们才有牢靠的基础，我们的国家也才有牢靠的基础。
“我知道身边没有一个父亲的苦处，当然我的处境没有像今天许多年轻人的处境那么不幸。虽然我的父亲在我两岁时就离开了我们，而我只从他所写的信和我家庭讲到他的故事中了解到他，但我比大多数无父的小孩都幸运。我在夏威夷长大，我有两个来自堪萨斯州的外祖父母，他们尽他们的一切帮我母亲抚养我和我的妹妹，也帮她教导我们对人要有爱心、尊重和有责任感。我做错过许多不应做错的事，但我获得了许多改过自新的机会。虽然我们没有很多钱，但奖学金让我有机会上我们国家一些最好的学校。今天很多小孩未能获得这些机会。他们的生活中不容他们有犯错误而改过自新的机会。所以在这一点上我个人的故事与他们是不同的。
“尽管如此，我了解我母亲作为一个单亲所要付出的艰辛：有时候她吃力挣扎着清还账单；挣扎着给我们那些别的孩子有的东西；挣扎着扮演应该由双亲扮演的角色。我也知道因此我所要付出的艰辛。所以我多年前已下定决心要打破这个恶性循环——我下定决心，如果我一生中有何成就的话，我要作为我女儿的好父亲；如果我能给予她们任何东西的话，我要给她们那个她们能建立她们生活的岩石——那个基础。那将是我所能给予她们的最贵重的礼物。
“我在讲这些话时，我心里明白我是一个缺点多多的父亲——我知道我犯过错误并且将仍不断地犯更多错误；我希望我能比现在有更多时间在家陪伴我女儿和太太，可是又做不到。我心里明白这一切，因为纵然我们缺点多多，纵然我们困难重重，有某些教训是我们为父的应该尽可能地去亲历和总结的——不管我们是黑人或白人；富人或穷人；来自“南边”区（芝加哥南部较穷的住宅区）或来自富裕的郊区。
“第一个教训是给我们的子女做出一个绝佳的榜样，因为如果我们对他们抱有很高的期望，我们对自己也应该抱有同样高的期望。你有一个职业是件好事；有一个大学文凭更好一些。结了婚而又能跟孩子住在一起是再好不过了，但却不能只坐在家里而整个周末看电视的“体育中心”节目。许多孩子就是因为有这样的父亲而在电视机前成长起来的。作为父亲和家长，我们应该花更多时间在他们身上，帮他们完成作业，时不时让他们抛开电脑游戏或遥控器而捧上一本书。这就是我们要建立那个基础所应做的事。
“我们明白学校教育是孩子未来的关键。我们明白他们不再是只跟印地安那州的孩子竞争获取未来的好职业，而是跟印度、跟中国、跟世界各地的孩子竞争。我们明白为此所需的努力、学习和教育水平。
“你知道吗，有时候我去参加八年级（初中）毕业典礼，那里张灯结彩、花团锦簇、学生一个个礼服盛装。我在想，那只不过初中毕业呗。要想真正参与竞争，他们必须高中毕业，然后必须大学毕业，也许还得拿一张研究生文凭呢。在今天，只完成初中教育是竞争不过人的。让我们握一握他们的手，叫他们把屁股移到图书馆的座椅上吧！
“如果我们要把这种追求卓越的精神输进我们孩子脑里的话，就得靠作为父亲和家长的我们了。要靠我们告诉我们的女孩，别让你的自身价值被电视上的形象所操纵影响，因为我要你能做你最大的梦，去为之而奋斗。要靠我们告诉我们的男孩，收音机里的歌曲有美化暴力的可能，但在我家里我们的生活是为了美化成就、美化自尊、美化辛勤的劳动。让他们知道我们对他们抱有这些期望就全靠我们。这也就是说，我们自己也得达到这些期望的水平，我们在生活中也要做个追求卓越的榜样。
“第二个教训是，我们为父所应做的是传给我们孩子对人应有同感empathy的人生价值。不是同情，而是同感——即能设身处地地为人着想，将心比心；能透过别人的眼观世界。有时候我们是那么容易地执著于“我们”，而忘了我们相互之间所应承担的义务。我们的社会有这么一种文化（流行的看法），认为牢记我们相互之间所应承担的义务是一种软弱的表现，因此我们不应该对人表示关爱。
“但我们年轻的男孩女孩都会观察到这一切。他们会观察到你不理会或虐待你的妻子；会观察到你在家不为别人着想的表现；会观察到你的冷漠无情；会观察到你只为一己之私着想。所以，我们在学校或在街上会看到这些同样的行为表现是不足为奇的。这就是为什么我们必须以身作则来把同感和关爱这些人生价值传给我们的孩子。我们须要给他们做出这样的榜样——强者不是把别人击倒而是把别人扶起来，这才是强者。这就是我们为父的所应负起的责任。”
……
接下去奥巴马谈到政府应如何帮助尽责的父亲和所应采取的措施。然后他接着说道：
“我们应该采取这一切措施来为我们的孩子建立一个坚实的基础。但我们也必须明白，即使我们做到这一切，既使我们做父亲和家长的尽了我们的义务，即使华盛顿政府履其职责，我们在生活中仍然会碰到许多艰难的挑战。人将仍会有挣扎与痛苦的日子。风仍会在吹，雨仍会在打。
“因此最后我们为父的应总结的教训，也是我们可以传给我们孩子最贵重的礼物，就是希望这个礼物。
“我讲的希望不是空谈的希望——那种类似盲目的乐观主义或对问题不加考虑的盲干。我讲的希望是那种寄托于我们内心的精神——即坚信在逆境中我们只要愿意为之努力而奋斗，就会有更好的事在等待着我们。只要我们有这个信念啊。
“前一天我在威斯康星州的一个市政厅座谈会上回答问题。有一个年轻人举起手，我猜想他想问的是有关大学学费、能源问题或者也许有关伊拉克战争。但他不问这些，却很严肃地瞪着我问道：‘生活对你有何意义？’
“欸，我必须承认我对这个问题毫无准备。我当时开始回答得有点结巴，然后我停下来，想了一会儿就说道：
“我年轻的时候，我想到的生活就是关于我——我如何为自己在世界闯出一条路来，我如何取得成功，以及我如何获得我所要的东西。
“但现在，我的生活围绕着我的两个小女儿。我想到的是我要留给她们一个什么样的世界。她们应该生活在一个只有一小拨人富有而一大拨人为了生存而必须每天挣扎的国家吗？她们应该生活在一个依旧有种族歧视的国家吗？生活在一个由于她们是女孩而不能享有与男孩同样多的机会的国家吗？她们应该生活在一个由于我们不能与其他国家有效地合作而被世人所讨厌的国家吗？她们应该生活在一个由于我们对气候所造成的不良影响而出现严重危机的世界吗？
“我所深刻认识到的是，你如果不愿意为我们的孩子——所有我们的孩子，作出一丁点贡献而留下一个更美好的世界的话，生活就没有多大价值。哪怕这很困难，哪怕所要做的工作有多艰巨，哪怕在我们一生中所能做到的还远离目标甚远。
“这就是我们做父亲和做家长的最重大的责任。我们尝试，我们希望，我们尽力把我们的房子建在一个最坚实的岩石上。风吹雨打时，让风雨吹打房屋吧，我们坚信我们的主会领导我们，看着我们，保护着我们，带领着祂的孩子穿过暴风雨的极度黑暗而走向更美好未来的光明。这就是今天父亲节我为我们大家作的祈祷，也是我对我们国家将来所抱有的希望。原上帝保佑您和您们的孩子。谢谢大家。”
奥巴马的这篇演讲普遍获得好评，加深了人们对他是个有责任感的人的印象。从他的演讲中可以看出，他强调的竞争是一种“追求卓越”，同时又要求人要具有“同感”的道德精神。他的强者的观念是：“强者不是把别人击倒而是把别人扶起来，这才是强者”。他指出美国文化的一个缺点：“我们的社会有这么一种文化，认为牢记我们相互之间所应承担的义务是一种软弱的表现，因此我们不应该对人表示关爱。”奥巴马的价值观明显地与克林顿夫妇的价值观有相当大的区别。希拉里在这次竞选表现出来的是坚强好斗，不轻易服输（I am not a quitter），多次把自己比成拳手，只要能把对方击倒，使什么手段都可以。就像人们对他们夫妇俩的评价：“他们为了取得胜利，什么都敢说，什么都敢做”（They will say and do anything to win）。希拉里如果是在美国原始资本主义时期参加竞选，那肯定没有一个人能敌得过她。但美国选民今年似乎对“追求卓越”比对纯粹的“取得胜利”更感兴趣。
记得四年前，一本《狼图腾》小说风靡整个中国，在内地畅销三、四年。该小说鼓吹“狼性”，要人们摒弃儒家的所谓“羊性”思想（一个对儒家思想过分简单的概括）；作者姜戎认为唯有如此，中国才能腾飞，才能跻身强国之列。这种价值观与希拉里的价值观颇为相近。奥巴马的价值观更接近中国人的传统价值观。他所主张的为父之道其实与在孔孟之道熏陶下的中国父母的看法相差不大。他强调的“同感”和“追求卓越”与儒家强调的“仁爱” 和“学而优则仕”有异曲同工之妙。
“狼性”乎？“羊性”乎？不管人们作何选择，中国明年要与美国打交道的头号人物可能是一位既具“狼性”亦具“羊性”、但偏重于后者的新人。
胡祖庶 德国法兰克福
第三篇：奥巴马关于为父之道的演讲
简介
最近在父亲节6月15日，奥巴马作了一个关于为父之道的演讲，给人提供了又一个了解他人生观的窗口。一般像妇女节、母亲节、儿童节这样的节日，人人都应该说些恭维话或做些慰劳妇女、母亲、儿童的事。在父亲节这个属于父亲的节日也应该给当父亲的说几句好话才合适，但奥巴马像吃了豹子胆似的，在演讲中大谈美国当爸黑人的不是。可能由于他的威信或由于他说中要害，黑人父亲们听了像哑巴吃黄连一样，居然一声不吭，甘受奚落。
奥巴马关于为父之道的演讲 胡祖庶（德国）
Remarks of Senator Barack Obama: Apostolic Church of God Good morning.It's good to be home on this Father's Day with my girls, and it's an honor to spend some time with all of you today in the house of our Lord.At the end of the Sermon on the Mount, Jesus closes by saying, “Whoever hears these words of mine, and does them, shall be likened to a wise man who built his house upon a rock: and the rain descended, and the floods came, and the winds blew, and beat upon that house, and it fell not, for it was founded upon a rock.” [Matthew 7: 24-25] Here at Apostolic, you are blessed to worship in a house that has been founded on the rock of Jesus Christ, our Lord and Savior.But it is also built on another rock, another foundation – and that rock is Bishop Arthur Brazier.In forty-eight years, he has built this congregation from just a few hundred to more than 20,000 strong – a congregation that, because of his leadership, has braved the fierce winds and heavy rains of violence and poverty;joblessness and hopelessness.Because of his work and his ministry, there are more graduates and fewer gang members in the neighborhoods surrounding this church.There are more homes and fewer homeless.There is more community and less chaos because Bishop Brazier continued the march for justice that he began by Dr.King's side all those years ago.He is the reason this house has stood tall for half a century.And on this Father's Day, it must make him proud to know that the man now charged with keeping its foundation strong is his son and your new pastor, Reverend Byron Brazier.Of all the rocks upon which we build our lives, we are reminded today that family is the most important.And we are called to recognize and honor how critical every father is to that foundation.They are teachers and coaches.They are mentors and role models.They are examples of success and the men who constantly push us toward it.But if we are honest with ourselves, we'll admit that what too many fathers also are is missing – missing from too many lives and too many homes.They have abandoned their responsibilities, acting like boys instead of men.And the foundations of our families are weaker because of it.You and I know how true this is in the African-American community.We know that more than half of all black children live in single-parent households, a number that has doubled – doubled – since we were children.We know the statistics – that children who grow up without a father are five times more likely to live in poverty and commit crime;nine times more likely to drop out of schools and twenty times more 1 likely to end up in prison.They are more likely to have behavioral problems, or run away from home, or become teenage parents themselves.And the foundations of our community are weaker because of it.How many times in the last year has this city lost a child at the hands of another child? How many times have our hearts stopped in the middle of the night with the sound of a gunshot or a siren? How many teenagers have we seen hanging around on street corners when they should be sitting in a classroom? How many are sitting in prison when they should be working, or at least looking for a job? How many in this generation are we willing to lose to poverty or violence or addiction? How many?
Yes, we need more cops on the street.Yes, we need fewer guns in the hands of people who shouldn't have them.Yes, we need more money for our schools, and more outstanding teachers in the classroom, and more afterschool programs for our children.Yes, we need more jobs and more job training and more opportunity in our communities.But we also need families to raise our children.We need fathers to realize that responsibility does not end at conception.We need them to realize that what makes you a man is not the ability to have a child – it's the courage to raise one.We need to help all the mothers out there who are raising these kids by themselves;the mothers who drop them off at school, go to work, pick up them up in the afternoon, work another shift, get dinner, make lunches, pay the bills, fix the house, and all the other things it takes both parents to do.So many of these women are doing a heroic job, but they need support.They need another parent.Their children need another parent.That's what keeps their foundation strong.It's what keeps the foundation of our country strong.I know what it means to have an absent father, although my circumstances weren't as tough as they are for many young people today.Even though my father left us when I was two years old, and I only knew him from the letters he wrote and the stories that my family told, I was luckier than most.I grew up in Hawaii, and had two wonderful grandparents from Kansas who poured everything they had into helping my mother raise my sister and me – who worked with her to teach us about love and respect and the obligations we have to one another.I screwed up more often than I should've, but I got plenty of second chances.And even though we didn't have a lot of money, scholarships gave me the opportunity to go to some of the best schools in the country.A lot of kids don't get these chances today.There is no margin for error in their lives.So my own story is different in that way.Still, I know the toll that being a single parent took on my mother – how she struggled at times to the pay bills;to give us the things that other kids had;to play all the roles that both parents are supposed to play.And I know the toll it took on me.So I resolved many years ago that it was my obligation to break the cycle – that if I could be anything in life, I would be a good father to my girls;that if I could give them anything, I would give them that rock – that foundation – on which to build their lives.And that would be the greatest gift I could offer.I say this knowing that I have been an imperfect father – knowing that I have made mistakes and will continue to make more;wishing that I could be home for my girls and my wife more than I am right now.I say this knowing all of these things because even as we are imperfect, even as we face difficult circumstances, there are still certain lessons we must strive to live and learn as fathers – whether we are black or white;rich or poor;from the South Side or the wealthiest suburb.2 The first is setting an example of excellence for our children – because if we want to set high expectations for them, we've got to set high expectations for ourselves.It's great if you have a job;it's even better if you have a college degree.It's a wonderful thing if you are married and living in a home with your children, but don't just sit in the house and watch “SportsCenter” all weekend long.That's why so many children are growing up in front of the television.As fathers and parents, we've got to spend more time with them, and help them with their homework, and replace the video game or the remote control with a book once in awhile.That's how we build that foundation.We know that education is everything to our children's future.We know that they will no longer just compete for good jobs with children from Indiana, but children from India and China and all over the world.We know the work and the studying and the level of education that requires.You know, sometimes I'll go to an eighth-grade graduation and there's all that pomp and circumstance and gowns and flowers.And I think to myself, it's just eighth grade.To really compete, they need to graduate high school, and then they need to graduate college, and they probably need a graduate degree too.An eighth-grade education doesn't cut it today.Let's give them a handshake and tell them to get their butts back in the library!It's up to us – as fathers and parents – to instill this ethic of excellence in our children.It's up to us to say to our daughters, don't ever let images on TV tell you what you are worth, because I expect you to dream without limit and reach for those goals.It's up to us to tell our sons, those songs on the radio may glorify violence, but in my house we live glory to achievement, self respect, and hard work.It's up to us to set these high expectations.And that means meeting those expectations ourselves.That means setting examples of excellence in our own lives.The second thing we need to do as fathers is pass along the value of empathy to our children.Not sympathy, but empathy – the ability to stand in somebody else's shoes;to look at the world through their eyes.Sometimes it's so easy to get caught up in “us,” that we forget about our obligations to one another.There's a culture in our society that says remembering these obligations is somehow soft – that we can't show weakness, and so therefore we can't show kindness.But our young boys and girls see that.They see when you are ignoring or mistreating your wife.They see when you are inconsiderate at home;or when you are distant;or when you are thinking only of yourself.And so it's no surprise when we see that behavior in our schools or on our streets.That's why we pass on the values of empathy and kindness to our children by living them.We need to show our kids that you're not strong by putting other people down – you're strong by lifting them up.That's our responsibility as fathers.And by the way – it's a responsibility that also extends to Washington.Because if fathers are doing their part;if they're taking our responsibilities seriously to be there for their children, and set high expectations for them, and instill in them a sense of excellence and empathy, then our government should meet them halfway.We should be making it easier for fathers who make responsible choices and harder for those who avoid them.We should get rid of the financial penalties we impose on married couples right now, and start making sure that every dime of child support goes directly to helping children instead of some bureaucrat.We should reward fathers who pay that child support with job training and job opportunities and a larger Earned Income Tax Credit that can help them pay the bills.We should expand programs where registered nurses visit expectant and new mothers and help them learn how to care for themselves before the baby is born and what to do after – programs that have helped increase father involvement, women's employment, and children's readiness for school.We should help these new families care for their children by expanding maternity and paternity leave, and we should guarantee every worker more paid sick leave so they can stay home to take care of their child without losing their income.We should take all of these steps to build a strong foundation for our children.But we should also know that even if we do;even if we meet our obligations as fathers and parents;even if Washington does its part too, we will still face difficult challenges in our lives.There will still be days of struggle and heartache.The rains will still come and the winds will still blow.And that is why the final lesson we must learn as fathers is also the greatest gift we can pass on to our children – and that is the gift of hope.I'm not talking about an idle hope that's little more than blind optimism or willful ignorance of the problems we face.I'm talking about hope as that spirit inside us that insists, despite all evidence to the contrary, that something better is waiting for us if we're willing to work for it and fight for it.If we are willing to believe.I was answering questions at a town hall meeting in Wisconsin the other day and a young man raised his hand, and I figured he'd ask about college tuition or energy or maybe the war in Iraq.But instead he looked at me very seriously and he asked, “What does life mean to you?”
Now, I have to admit that I wasn't quite prepared for that one.I think I stammered for a little bit, but then I stopped and gave it some thought, and I said this: When I was a young man, I thought life was all about me – how do I make my way in the world, and how do I become successful and how do I get the things that I want.But now, my life revolves around my two little girls.And what I think about is what kind of world I'm leaving them.Are they living in a county where there's a huge gap between a few who are wealthy and a whole bunch of people who are struggling every day? Are they living in a county that is still divided by race? A country where, because they're girls, they don't have as much opportunity as boys do? Are they living in a country where we are hated around the world because we don't cooperate effectively with other nations? Are they living a world that is in grave danger because of what we've done to its climate? And what I've realized is that life doesn't count for much unless you're willing to do your small part to leave our children – all of our children – a better world.Even if it's difficult.Even if the work seems great.Even if we don't get very far in our lifetime.That is our ultimate responsibility as fathers and parents.We try.We hope.We do what we can to build our house upon the sturdiest rock.And when the winds come, and the rains fall, and they beat upon that house, we keep faith that our Father will be there to guide us, and watch over us, and protect us, and lead His children through the darkest of storms into light of a better day.That is my prayer for all of us on this Father's Day, and that is my hope for this country in the years ahead.May God Bless you and your children.Thank you.The America We Love Remarks of Senator Barack Obama: The America We Love Independence, MO | June 30, 2008 On a spring morning in April of 1775, a simple band of colonists – farmers and merchants, blacksmiths and printers, men and boys – left their homes and families in Lexington and Concord to take up arms against the tyranny of an Empire.The odds against them were long and the risks enormous – for even if they survived the battle, any ultimate failure would bring charges of treason, and death by hanging.And yet they took that chance.They did so not on behalf of a particular tribe or lineage, but on behalf of a larger idea.The idea of liberty.The idea of God-given, inalienable rights.And with the first shot of that fateful day – a shot heard round the world – the American Revolution, and America's experiment with democracy, began.Those men of Lexington and Concord were among our first patriots.And at the beginning of a week when we celebrate the birth of our nation, I think it is fitting to pause for a moment and reflect on the meaning of patriotism – theirs, and ours.We do so in part because we are in the midst of war – more than one and a half million of our finest young men and women have now fought in Iraq and Afghanistan;over 60,000 have been wounded, and over 4,600 have been laid to rest.The costs of war have been great, and the debate surrounding our mission in Iraq has been fierce.It is natural, in light of such sacrifice by so many, to think more deeply about the commitments that bind us to our nation, and to each other.We reflect on these questions as well because we are in the midst of a presidential election, perhaps the most consequential in generations;a contest that will determine the course of this nation for years, perhaps decades, to come.Not only is it a debate about big issues – health care, jobs, energy, education, and retirement security – but it is also a debate about values.How do we keep ourselves safe and secure while preserving our liberties? How do we restore trust in a government that seems increasingly removed from its people and dominated by special interests? How do we ensure that in an increasingly global economy, the winners maintain allegiance to the less fortunate? And how do we resolve our differences at a time of increasing diversity? Finally, it is worth considering the meaning of patriotism because the question of who is – or is not – a patriot all too often poisons our political debates, in ways that divide us rather than bringing us together.I have come to know this from my own experience on the campaign trail.Throughout my life, I have always taken my deep and abiding love for this country as a given.It was how I was raised;it is what propelled me into public service;it is why I am running for President.And yet, at certain times over the last sixteen months, I have found, for the first time, my patriotism challenged – at times as a result of my own carelessness, more often as a result of the desire by some to score political points and raise fears about who I am and what I stand for.So let me say at this at outset of my remarks.I will never question the patriotism of others in this campaign.And I will not stand idly by when I hear others question mine.My concerns here aren't simply personal, however.After all, throughout our history, men and women of far greater stature and significance than me have had their patriotism questioned in the midst of momentous debates.Thomas Jefferson was accused by the Federalists of selling out to the French.The anti-Federalists were just as convinced that John Adams was in cahoots with the British and intent on restoring monarchal rule.Likewise, even our wisest Presidents have sought to justify questionable policies on the basis of patriotism.Adams' Alien and Sedition Act, Lincoln's suspension of habeas corpus, Roosevelt's internment of Japanese Americans – all were defended as expressions of patriotism, and those who disagreed with their policies were sometimes labeled as unpatriotic.In other words, the use of patriotism as a political sword or a political shield is as old as the Republic.Still, what is striking about today's patriotism debate is the degree to which it remains rooted in the culture wars of the 1960s – in arguments that go back forty years or more.In the early years of the civil rights movement and opposition to the Vietnam War, defenders of the status quo often accused anybody who questioned the wisdom of government policies of being unpatriotic.Meanwhile, some of those in the so-called counter-culture of the Sixties reacted not merely by criticizing particular government policies, but by attacking the symbols, and in extreme cases, the very idea, of America itself – by burning flags;by blaming America for all that was wrong with the world;and perhaps most tragically, by failing to honor those veterans coming home from Vietnam, something that remains a national shame to this day.Most Americans never bought into these simplistic world-views – these caricatures of left and right.Most Americans understood that dissent does not make one unpatriotic, and that there is nothing smart or sophisticated about a cynical disregard for America's traditions and institutions.And yet the anger and turmoil of that period never entirely drained away.All too often our politics still seems trapped in these old, threadbare arguments – a fact most evident during our recent debates about the war in Iraq, when those who opposed administration policy were tagged by some as unpatriotic, and a general providing his best counsel on how to move forward in Iraq was accused of betrayal.Given the enormous challenges that lie before us, we can no longer afford these sorts of divisions.None of us expect that arguments about patriotism will, or should, vanish entirely;after all, when we argue about patriotism, we are arguing about who we are as a country, and more importantly, who we should be.But surely we can agree that no party or political philosophy has a monopoly on patriotism.And surely we can arrive at a definition of patriotism that, however rough and imperfect, captures the best of America's common spirit.What would such a definition look like? For me, as for most Americans, patriotism starts as a gut instinct, a loyalty and love for country rooted in my earliest memories.I'm not just talking about the recitations of the Pledge of Allegiance or the Thanksgiving pageants at school or the fireworks on the Fourth of July, as wonderful as those things may be.Rather, I'm referring to the way the American ideal wove its way throughout the lessons my family taught me as a child.One of my earliest memories is of sitting on my grandfather's shoulders and watching the astronauts come to shore in Hawaii.I remember the cheers and small flags that people waved, and my grandfather explaining how we Americans could do anything we set our minds to do.That's my idea of America.I remember listening to my grandmother telling stories about her work on a bomber assembly-line during World War II.I remember my grandfather handing me his dog-tags from his time in Patton's Army, and understanding that his defense of this country marked one of his greatest sources of pride.That's my idea of America.I remember, when living for four years in Indonesia as a child, listening to my mother reading me the first lines of the Declaration of Independence – “We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal.That they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.” I remember her explaining how this declaration applied to every American, black and white and brown alike;how those words, and words of the United States Constitution, protected us from the injustices that we witnessed other people suffering during those years abroad.That's my idea of America.As I got older, that gut instinct – that America is the greatest country on earth – would survive my growing awareness of our nation's imperfections: it's ongoing racial strife;the perversion of our political system laid bare during the Watergate hearings;the wrenching poverty of the Mississippi Delta and the hills of Appalachia.Not only because, in my mind, the joys of American life and culture, its vitality, its variety and its freedom, always outweighed its imperfections, but because I learned that what makes America great has never been its perfection but the belief that it can be made better.I came to understand that our revolution was waged for the sake of that belief – that we could be governed by laws, not men;that we could be equal in the eyes of those laws;that we could be free to say what we want and assemble with whomever we want and worship as we please;that we could have the right to pursue our individual dreams but the obligation to help our fellow citizens pursue theirs.For a young man of mixed race, without firm anchor in any particular community, without even a father's steadying hand, it is this essential American idea – that we are not constrained by the accident of birth but can make of our lives what we will – that has defined my life, just as it has defined the life of so many other Americans.That is why, for me, patriotism is always more than just loyalty to a place on a map or a certain kind of people.Instead, it is also loyalty to America's ideals – ideals for which anyone can sacrifice, or defend, or give their last full measure of devotion.I believe it is this loyalty that allows a country teeming with different races and ethnicities, religions and customs, to come together as one.It is the application of these ideals that separate us from Zimbabwe, where the opposition party and their supporters have been silently hunted, tortured or killed;or Burma, where tens of thousands continue to struggle for basic food and shelter in the wake of a monstrous storm because a military junta fears opening up the country to outsiders;or Iraq, where despite the heroic efforts of our military, and the courage of many ordinary Iraqis, even limited cooperation between various factions remains far too elusive.I believe those who attack America's flaws without acknowledging the singular greatness of our ideals, and their proven capacity to inspire a better world, do not truly understand America.Of course, precisely because America isn't perfect, precisely because our ideals constantly demand more from us, patriotism can never be defined as loyalty to any particular leader or government or policy.As Mark Twain, that greatest of American satirists and proud son of Missouri, once wrote, “Patriotism is supporting your country all the time, and your government when it deserves it.” We may hope that our leaders and our government stand up for our ideals, and there are many times in our history when that's occurred.But when our laws, our leaders or our government are out of alignment with our ideals, then the dissent of ordinary Americans may prove to be one of the truest expression of patriotism.The young preacher from Georgia, Martin Luther King, Jr., who led a movement to help America confront our tragic history of racial injustice and live up to the meaning of our creed – he was a patriot.The young soldier who first spoke about the prisoner abuse at Abu Ghraib – he is a patriot.Recognizing a wrong being committed in this country's name;insisting that we deliver on the promise of our Constitution – these are the acts of patriots, men and women who are defending that which is best in America.And we should never forget that – especially when we disagree with them;especially when they make us uncomfortable with their words.Beyond a loyalty to America's ideals, beyond a willingness to dissent on behalf of those ideals, I also believe that patriotism must, if it is to mean anything, involve the willingness to sacrifice – to give up something we value on behalf of a larger cause.For those who have fought under the flag of this nation – for the young veterans I meet when I visit Walter Reed;for those like John McCain who have endured physical torment in service to our country – no further proof of such sacrifice is necessary.And let me also add that no one should ever devalue that service, especially for the sake of a political campaign, and that goes for supporters on both sides.We must always express our profound gratitude for the service of our men and women in uniform.Period.Indeed, one of the good things to emerge from the current conflict in Iraq has been the widespread recognition that whether you support this war or oppose it, the sacrifice of our troops is always worthy of honor.For the rest of us – for those of us not in uniform or without loved ones in the military – the call to sacrifice for the country's greater good remains an imperative of citizenship.Sadly, in recent years, in the midst of war on two fronts, this call to service never came.After 9/11, we were asked to shop.The wealthiest among us saw their tax obligations decline, even as the costs of war continued to mount.Rather than work together to reduce our dependence on foreign oil, and thereby lessen our vulnerability to a volatile region, our energy policy remained unchanged, and our oil dependence only grew.In spite of this absence of leadership from Washington, I have seen a new generation of Americans begin to take up the call.I meet them everywhere I go, young people involved in the project of American renewal;not only those who have signed up to fight for our country in distant lands, but those who are fighting for a better America here at home, by teaching in underserved schools, or caring for the sick in understaffed hospitals, or promoting more sustainable energy policies in their local communities.I believe one of the tasks of the next Administration is to ensure that this movement towards service grows and sustains itself in the years to come.We should expand AmeriCorps and grow the Peace Corps.We should encourage national service by making it part of the requirement for a new college assistance program, even as we strengthen the benefits for those whose sense of duty has already led them to serve in our military.We must remember, though, that true patriotism cannot be forced or legislated with a mere set of government programs.Instead, it must reside in the hearts of our people, and cultivated in the heart of our culture, and nurtured in the hearts of our children.As we begin our fourth century as a nation, it is easy to take the extraordinary nature of America for granted.But it is our responsibility as Americans and as parents to instill that history in our children, both at home and at school.The loss of quality civic education from so many of our classrooms has left too many young Americans without the most basic knowledge of who our forefathers are, or what they did, or the significance of the founding documents that bear their names.Too many children are ignorant of the sheer effort, the risks and sacrifices made by previous generations, to ensure that this country survived war and depression;through the great struggles for civil, and social, and worker's rights.It is up to us, then, to teach them.It is up to us to teach them that even though we have faced great challenges and made our share of mistakes, we have always been able to come together and make this nation stronger, and more prosperous, and more united, and more just.It is up to us to teach them that America has been a force for good in the world, and that other nations and other people have looked to us as the last, best hope of Earth.It is up to us to teach them that it is good to give back to one's community;that it is honorable to serve in the military;that it is vital to participate in our democracy and make our voices heard.8 And it is up to us to teach our children a lesson that those of us in politics too often forget: that patriotism involves not only defending this country against external threat, but also working constantly to make America a better place for future generations.When we pile up mountains of debt for the next generation to absorb, or put off changes to our energy policies, knowing full well the potential consequences of inaction, we are placing our short-term interests ahead of the nation's long-term well-being.When we fail to educate effectively millions of our children so that they might compete in a global economy, or we fail to invest in the basic scientific research that has driven innovation in this country, we risk leaving behind an America that has fallen in the ranks of the world.Just as patriotism involves each of us making a commitment to this nation that extends beyond our own immediate self-interest, so must that commitment extends beyond our own time here on earth.Our greatest leaders have always understood this.They've defined patriotism with an eye toward posterity.George Washington is rightly revered for his leadership of the Continental Army, but one of his greatest acts of patriotism was his insistence on stepping down after two terms, thereby setting a pattern for those that would follow, reminding future presidents that this is a government of and by and for the people.Abraham Lincoln did not simply win a war or hold the Union together.In his unwillingness to demonize those against whom he fought;in his refusal to succumb to either the hatred or self-righteousness that war can unleash;in his ultimate insistence that in the aftermath of war the nation would no longer remain half slave and half free;and his trust in the better angels of our nature – he displayed the wisdom and courage that sets a standard for patriotism.And it was the most famous son of Independence, Harry S Truman, who sat in the White House during his final days in office and said in his Farewell Address: “When Franklin Roosevelt died, I felt there must be a million men better qualified than I, to take up the Presidential task…But through all of it, through all the years I have worked here in this room, I have been well aware than I did not really work alone – that you were working with me.No President could ever hope to lead our country, or to sustain the burdens of this office, save the people helped with their support.” In the end, it may be this quality that best describes patriotism in my mind – not just a love of America in the abstract, but a very particular love for, and faith in, the American people.That is why our heart swells with pride at the sight of our flag;why we shed a tear as the lonely notes of Taps sound.For we know that the greatness of this country – its victories in war, its enormous wealth, its scientific and cultural achievements – all result from the energy and imagination of the American people;their toil, drive, struggle, restlessness, humor and quiet heroism.That is the liberty we defend – the liberty of each of us to pursue our own dreams.That is the equality we seek – not an equality of results, but the chance of every single one of us to make it if we try.That is the community we strive to build – one in which we trust in this sometimes messy democracy of ours, one in which we continue to insist that there is nothing we cannot do when we put our mind to it, one in which we see ourselves as part of a larger story, our own fates wrapped up in the fates of those who share allegiance to America's happy and singular creed.Thank you, God Bless you, and may God Bless the United States of America.
第四篇：为鲁迅喝彩
为鲁迅喝彩
纵观鲁迅的一生，最有个性的就是骂人了。无书不读是他骂人的本钱，正直不阿是他骂人的根基，无话不说，无书不评，当仁不让是他骂人的特点。正因为骂人使他永垂不朽，精神不灭。我，要为鲁迅喝彩。
在那个时代要骂人，难；想找个地方骂人，难；骂一般人不够，还要骂名界“精英”，更难„„而鲁迅正处于这个年头，于是来一个骂一个。骂“君子”，骂封建礼教，骂奴性教育，骂的就是缺乏道德转发器的人、事、物。
骂人要有本钱，鲁迅就有。生于富贵人家，虽然家道中落但饱读诗书，后来又东渡留洋，这就是他的底。正因为有了这些底，过些基础，才能对中华文化了如指掌，把敌方侦察得一清二楚；又学过西学，看得透，骂起来一针见血，淋漓尽致，骂人要有慧眼，对那些“朋友”用的方案，引用出处，都明明白白，于是以其人之道还治其人之身；你用白话，我也用白话；你用文言，你也用文言；我用洋文，我也用洋文„„于斗嘴中占了优势。
骂人最有毅力的当然也是他，临终还说“一个也不放过”。骂人骂得乐在其中，死而后已的恐怕前无古人，后无来者了。
可如果只把鲁迅看成一个拍案而起的仗义执言者，那不免就有些小觑他了，骂是为了疗救，把人民的、政府的、民族的弊端一一抖出来，剖析旧世界，看透本质，警醒国人。只有这样新鲜的风才能源源不断吹进来，国人才能觉悟。鲁迅作为一个先行者，看到黑暗，最先醒了过来，警示起来，他骂人就是大声疾呼，为的就是将屋中的人们惊醒，一上进心冲出铁锁的束缚，一起冲向光明的未来。
从骂认识了鲁迅，因骂而崇拜鲁迅。“嬉笑怒骂皆成文章”的大文豪，我要为鲁迅喝彩。
八年级 295班董书君指导老师：郝艳霞
第五篇：育人之道_立德为本
育人之道 立德为本
德为教育之首，习近平同志指出：“核心价值观，承载着一个民族、一个国家的精神追求，体现着一个社会评判是非曲直的价值标准。”他强调，国无德不兴，人无德不立。确立反映全国各族人民共同认同的价值观“最大公约数”，关乎国家前途命运，关乎人民幸福安康。这些重要论断，深刻阐明了社会主义核心价值观的战略性、基础性、全局性意义。习近平同志特别指出，青年的价值取向决定了未来整个社会的价值取向，而青年又处在价值观形成和确立的时期，抓好这一时期的价值观养成十分重要。学习贯彻习近平同志这一重要讲话精神，就要全面贯彻党的教育方针，坚定不移把立德树人作为教育的根本任务，把培育和践行社会主义核心价值观作为教育事业改革发展的基础工程，教育引导青少年学生扣好人生的第一粒扣子，努力成为德智体美全面发展的社会主义建设者和接班人。我国古代的教育思想就有重立德的传统。《大学》第一章开宗明义：“大学之道，在明明德，在亲民，在止于至善。”所谓“明明德”，就是修明最高最大的德行，“止于至善”是要把这种高尚的道德修明到最完美的境界。孔子也说：“德之不修，学之不讲，闻义不能徙，不善不能改，是吾忧也。”
十八大报告指出，“把立德树人作为教育的根本任务，培养德智体美全面发展的社会主义建设者和接班人”。“立德树人”首次确立为教育的根本任务，是对十七大“坚持育人为本、德育为先”教育理念的深化，指明了今后教育改革发展的方向。
立德树人，即教育事业不仅要传授知识、培养能力，还要把社会主义核心价值体系融入国民教育体系之中，引导学生立正确的世界观、人生观、价值观、荣辱观。子曰：“其身正，不令而行；其身不正，虽令不从。” 要培养德智体美全面发展的社会主义建设者和接班人，教师应做到德才兼备，并且要坚持努力向德艺双馨的方向发展。立德树人，立教圆梦。“学高为师，身正为范”，立师德，就是树立教师良好的德行，为人师表，做人楷模。作为教师，就是要热爱自己的职业，只有拥有一颗对工作的无限热爱之心，你才能忠实地履行自己的职业职责，才会有强烈的职业责任感。再次，作为教师，首先，要热爱教师职业，懂得教学艺术，具有诲人不倦的精神和对教育事业矢志不渝的情感，才能激发自己为这一事业忘我工作的热情，才能为培养下一代尽心尽力。其次教师要爱学生。教师对学生的爱，是一种出自崇高的、充满科学精神，普遍、持久而又深厚的爱。三是爱同事。这样才能与同事友好相处，齐心协力，共同做好教育工作。作为老师，如果有了雄心壮志，肯定会注重学习与研究，观察与思考、潜心钻研教育教学。在教育教学中，勇于实践，善于从教学实际中寻找解决问题的方法和途径，积累经验，及时总结，形成自己的教育教学特色。虚心学习是一个合格教师良好的品德，在师德修养中善于虚心学习他人、自觉与他人交流，才有可能成为师德修养高的教师。
“立德树人”要求我们必须坚持德育为先。“德为才之帅。”德是做人的根本，是一个人成长的根基。当今我国正处于开放的国际环境与多元文化的背景之中，而青少年学生又正处在世界观、人生观、价值观形成的关键时刻，德育为先更具有必要性和紧迫性。德育为先，要在继承的基础上创新。把社会主义核心价值体系融入教育全过程，把理想信念教育作为教育核心价值观的重中之重，把弘扬以爱国主义为核心的民族精神和以改革创新为核心的时代精神作为重要内容，引导和教育学生自觉践行社会主义核心价值体系。学校德育格局要从课程德育、社会实践和学校文化三方面进行建构；要把德育渗透于教育教学的各个环节，贯穿于学校教育、家庭教育和社会教育的各个方面。创新德育形式，丰富德育内容，不断提高德育工作的吸引力和感染力，增强德育工作的针对性和实效性。
“立德树人”要求我们必须着眼促进学生全面发展。人的全面发展是人类的崇高追求，是人的发展和社会发展的的最高目标、最终价值取向。教育作为实现人的全面发展的重要途径，必须以学生为本，关注学生的全面发展、和谐发展、持续发展、终身发展和健康成长。在坚持德育为先的同时，全面加强和改进智育、体育、美育。全面实施素质教育，坚持文化知识学习与思想品德修养的统一、理论学习与社会实践的统一、全面发展与个性发展的统一，促进德育、智育、体育、美育有机融合，着力培养学生的社会责任感、创新精神和实践能力，提高学生综合素质，使之成为德智体美全面发展的社会主义建设者和接班人。教育是一项培养人才造就人才的事业。那么，人才的衡量标准是什么？我国古代讲“德才兼备”，现代提“四有”新人。可见“德”乃人才的首要条件。
教育也是一项艰巨而长期的工程。“十年树木，百年树人”，培育人才是长久之计，不可能一蹴而就。
人才的培养，有它自身的规律可循，“欲速则不达”，不能急于求成。但是，在现实的教育中，急功近利的现象仍较普遍存在：重智育轻德育，片面追求升学率„„学生全面发展的教育目标被忽视，学生道德等素质的发展被削弱。从人才成长的规律看，德和智是相辅相成，不可偏废的。英国教育家洛克说过：“德行愈高的人，其他一切成就的获得也愈容易。”因此，学校德育可以通过培养学生良好的习惯品质促进学生德智体美劳全面和谐发展。
胡锦涛在全国优秀教师代表座谈会的讲话中指出：“要坚持育人为本，德育为先，把立德树人作为教育的根本任务。”因此，学校教育要重视并加强德育工作，注重培养学生学生良好的道德素质。
“让每个孩子都能成为有用之才”的教育理想。作为一种培养和造就人才的崇高事业，满足每个人的个性需要和期望是教育的最高境界。十八大报告提出“让每个孩子都能成为有用之才”，在党的全国代表大会上提出关怀“每个”、培养“每个”，是对教育战线提出的重大命题，是对教育人才观、质量关的科学阐释，也可称之为是我们的教育理想。这就要求我们要尊重教育规律和学生身心发展规律，为每个学生提供适合的教育，为每个学生提供公平的受教育机会、满足每个学生的学习需要，促进每个学生都主动地、生动活泼地发展，使每个不同家庭背景、不同智力水平、不同性格志向的学生潜能都得到充分的发展，都获得教育的成功，人人都能成才。
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