地震术语英语5篇

第一篇：地震术语英语

Seismic 地震

abnormal events: Coherent events which are not reflections.Refraction, reflected refractions, diffractions, surface waves, and sometimes multiple reflections are included(though there’s nothing ―abnormal‖ about any of these).异常同相轴：相干非反射同相轴，包括折射波、反射折射波、绕射波、面波，往往也包括多次反射波（尽管这些波本身无任何异常）。

absorption: A process whereby some of the energy of seismic wave is converted into heat while passing through a medium.Absorption for seismic waves is perhaps of the order of 1/2 db/cycle.Sometimes claimed to be proportional to the frequency squared rather than linear with frequency.See Q.吸收作用：为地震波通过某一介质时，其一部分能量转化为热量的一个过程。地震波吸收衰减约为每周期1/2 分贝，有时表述为吸收与频率的平方成正比，而不是与频率成简单的线性正比关系。见品质因数 Q。

acoustic: Sonic;pertaining to sound.Usually refers to compressional P waves, sometimes restricted to P-waves in fluids(liquids and gases), sometimes generalized to include other elastic wave types.声学的，声的：声音的，声速的；属于声学范畴。通常指压缩纵波，有时仅指在流体中传播的纵波（液体和气体），广义上也包括其它类型的弹性波。

acoustic impedance: Seismic velocity multiplied by density.Reflection coefficient depends on changes in acoustic impedance.声阻抗，波阻抗：地震波速度乘以介质密度。反射系数依赖于波阻抗的变化。

acoustic wave: 1.Sonic wave.An elastic wave train, sometimes restricted to propagation though a fluid.2.The wave train generated and detected by a sonic-logging sonde（see acoustic log）.The wave train is a composite of various modes of energy transfer.The first arrival usually results from compressional(P-or longitudinal)waves traveling in the formation;the inverse of its velocity is measured by the sonic log.A second arrival is sometimes identified as shear(S-)wave travel in the formation;it represents a pseudo-Rayleigh wave which travels at approximately the velocity of S-waves.Compressional waves traveling through the mud usually have relatively high frequency content;they are sometimes called fluid waves.One or more modes of high-amplitude, low-frequency tube waves(sometimes called Stoneley waves)are usually very distinct arrival.3.More generally, an elastic wave or seismic wave.声波，地震波：1.声波。有时仅指在流体中传播的弹性波列。2.由声波测井电极系产生并检测到的波列（见声波测井）。该波列是由各种不同能量的波复合而成的。初至波通常是在岩石中传播的压缩（P-或纵）波；其波速的倒数是通过声波测井而测到的。续至波往往被看作在岩石中传播的剪切（S-）波；它表现为一个以近似S-波速度传播的伪-瑞雷波。通过软泥层的压缩波通常具有相对较高的频率成分；往往被称为流体波。一个或更多强振幅、低频率的管波（也称斯通利波）的波至通常特别明显。3.更一般的指弹性波或地震波。

air gun: 1.A marine seismic source which injects a bubble of highly compressed air into the water.Oscillations of the bubble as it alternately expands and contracts generate a sonic wave whose frequency depends on the amount of air in the bubble, its pressure, and the water depth(or water pressure).Arrays of guns of different sizes are sometimes used so that a broader frequency spectrum will be generated.Different from gas gun.2.Air guns have also been adapted for lowering in a borehole or pushed down into the marsh.The adaptations prevent mud, sand, etc., from entering and fouling the air gun.3.Air guns are also used in small tanks of water which are set on the surface of the ground as a seismic source on land.空气枪：1.通过向水中排放高压气泡的一种海上地震震源。气泡交替收缩和膨胀的振动可产生声波，该声波的频率取决于气泡中空气量、压力和水深（或水压）。通常使用大小不同的空气枪阵列来得到更宽的频谱。它不同于单个气枪震源。2.空气枪通过改进后，可适用于钻孔和沼泽地区。这种改进可阻止泥浆、沙等进入和阻塞空气枪。3.空气枪也可以放在地表小型水池中作为陆上地震震源。

air wave: Energy from the shot which travels in the air at the velocity of sound:

1051(1+0.00218 F)1/2≈1051+1.1 F ft/sec, where F= Fahrenheit temperature, or 331.51(1+0.00366 C)1/2≈331.5+0.607 C m/sec, where C=Centigrade temperature.空气波：爆炸产生的能量在空气中以声速传播：1051(1+0.00218 F)1/2≈1051+1.1 F英尺/秒，其中F为华氏温度，或331.51(1+0.00366 C)1/2≈331.5+0.607 C 米/秒，其中C为摄氏温度。

angle of incidence: The acute angle which a raypath makes with the normal to an interface.This is the same angle as an approaching wavefront makes with an interface in an isotropic medium.The angle between the raypath and the normal is the angle of incidence in the anisotropic case, the raypath not necessarily being perpendicular to the wavefront in this case.The angle of incidence may be complex for electromagnetic waves.入射角：射线路径与界面法线所成的锐角。在各向同性介质中它等于波阵面与分界面的的夹角。在各向异性介质中，射线路径与界面法线的夹角为入射角，而此时射线路径与波阵面不一定是正交的。对于电磁波来说它的入射角为复角。

apparent velocity: 1.The velocity which a wavefront appears to have along a line of geophones.If the wavefront makes the angle θwith the spread and the true velocity of the wavefront if V, then the apparent velocity is V/cosθ.2.The inverse of the slope of a refraction time-distance curve.视速度：把波阵面看作沿地面测线传播时的速度。如果波阵面与检波器排列的夹角为θ，设真速度为V，则视速度为V/cosθ。2.折射波时距曲线斜率的倒数。

apparent wavelength: The distance between corresponding points on successive cycles of a wave train as seen by a geophone spread.Differs from actual wavelength if the wave train direction makes an angle with the spread.视波长：在检波器排列方向上，波列两相邻周期相应的波峰或波谷之间的距离。如果波传播方向与检波器排列方向有一夹角，则与真实波长不同。

arrival: An event;a lineup of coherent energy signifying the arrival of a new wavetrain.波至：波至；表示一个新的波列到达的一组相关能量。

arrival time: 1.The time from shot or other energy release to the time which is picked for an event, making allowance for static and dynamic corrections.2.The time of an event without corrections.波至时间：1.从爆炸或其它能量释放后，到拾取到第一个波至之间的时间，它可用于静校正和动校正。2.未经校正的波至到达时间。

attenuation: 1.A reduction in amplitude or energy, such as might be produced by passage through a filter.2.A reduction in the amplitude of seismic waves, such as produced by divergence, reflection and scattering, and absorption.3.That portion of the decrease in seismic or sonar signal strength with distance not dependent on geometrical spreading.This decrease depends on the physical characteristics of the transmitting media, involving reflection, scattering, and absorption.4.If the amplitude of a plane wave is reduced by the factor e-α(f)x

in traveling a distance of x meters, then the attenuation factor isα(f).Often thought to be linear with frequency, sometimes thought to be quadratic with frequency.5.Regarding the rapid attenuation of electromagnetic waves in the earth, see skin depth.衰减：1.振幅或能量的减少，例如信号通过滤波器后就有可能发生衰减。2.地震波振幅的减少，由地震波的扩散、反射和散射、及吸收等所致。3.地震或声纳信号强度随传播距离的增大而产生的部分减弱，与信号的几何分布无关，主要依赖于传播介质的物理性质，包括反射、散射和吸收。4.如果α(f)x，则衰减因子为 α一个平面波传播x米所产生的衰减为e-(f)。通常认为衰减与频率成正比，也有人认为与频率的二次方成正比。5.关于电磁波在地下迅速衰减，见趋肤深度。

average velocity: The distance traversed by a seismic wavelet divided by the time required, both often corrected to a reference datum plane.For reflections, often refers to a ray reflected at normal incidence.平均速度：一个地震子波传播距离与所需时间的比值，其中距离和时间通常都被校正到一个参考基准面上。对于反射波来说，常指法线反射路径。

azimuth: The horizontal angle usually specified clockwise from true north.方位角：通常指由真北按顺时针方向指定的水平角。

binary gain: A gain-control system in which amplification is changed only in discrete steps by factors of 2.The times at which the gain steps occur is recorded so that the amplitude can be recovered later.二进制增益：放大倍数按2的阶次离散变化的增益控制系统。在增益阶处的时间被记录下来以便以后进行振幅恢复。

blind zone: 1.A layer which cannot be detected by refraction methods, also called hidden layer.The blind zone(a)may have a velocity lower than that of shallower refractors, in which case it will lead to an overestimate of the depth of deeper refractors, or it(b)may have a velocity intermediate between those of layers above and below but not have sufficient velocity difference or thickness to produce first-arrivals;in this case it is apt to cause an underestimate at the depth of deeper refractors.2.A zone from which reflections do not occur;a shadow zone.3.A zone from which no drill cuttings are returned to the surface.4.A portion of a formation in which a logging tool response is too low.A blind zone occurs because of the finite size or configuration of the logging tool.For the lateral curve a blind zone(abnormally low reading)is recorded when a bed which is highly resistive compared to the overlying and underlying formations is present between current and measuring electrodes.5.A layer which cannot be detected by electrical methods because its resistivity is not sufficiently different from the resistivity of other layers or because it is too thin.盲区：1.用折射波法无法检测到的区，也称隐蔽层。盲区中

(a)速度低于更浅的折射层速度，这将会导致对更深折射层的深度估计偏大，或者(b)盲区中速度介于其上面和下面的折射层之间，但二者之间没有足够的厚度或速度差来产生初至，这种情况下容易对更深折射层的深度估计偏小。2.不产生反射的区域；阴影带。3.无钻井岩屑返回地表的区域。4.测井仪响应很低的岩层。这种盲区的出现主要与测井仪的大小和结构有关。对于梯度电极系测井曲线，当供电电极和测量电极之间出现比其上和其下岩层具有较高阻抗的地层时，该盲区（曲线上反常的低读数）就被记录下来。5.用电法无法检测到的层，这是因为它的电阻率与其它层之间没有明显的差异或者是因为它太薄。

body waves: P-and S-waves which travel through the body of a medium, as opposed to surface waves.See P-wave and S-wave.体波：在介质体中传播的P-波和 S-波，是相对于面波而言的。参见P-波和 S-波。

break: Onset of an event, especially the first break.A burst of energy indicating the arrival of new energy.see time break and uphole time.波跳：波列的前端，尤其指初至。能量的突然增大意味着新的能量的到达。参见起爆时间和〔初至波到达〕井口时间

buried focus effect: A situation where the concave upward curvature of a reflector is large enough that the energy focuses before it reaches the recording plane.A buried focus situation causes several branches(usually three)of a reflection to be observable from the same surface location(i.e., the law of reflection is satisfied for several points on the reflector from the same surface location).The portion which passes through the focus is called the reverse branch.For zero offset and constant velocity, a buried focus occurs if the center of curvature lies beneath the recording plane.Less curvature is required to produce the buried-focus effect for offset traces than for traces at normal incidence.Hence buried-focus effects are more likely on long offset traces as well as more likely deeper in the section.velocity gradients and curvature of isovelocity surfaces(which are opt to occur in structural areas)also affect buried-focus effects.Curvature of the reflector out of the plane of the seismic line can also cause multiple branches.There is a quarter-wave phase shift in the reverse branch.地下焦点效应：当向上凹的反射界面曲率足够大时，使反射能量在到达记录平面之前而聚焦的一种情况。在这种情况下，可观测到来自同一界面位置反射的多个分支（通常三条）（也就是说，反射定律满足同一反射面上多个反射点）。通过焦点的部分称之为回转波。对于零偏移和常速度情况，如果曲率中心位于记录面之下，则会形成地下焦点。非零偏移距记录道产生地下焦点效应比法线入射记录道所需的曲率要小。因此偏移距越大地下聚焦效应表现在剖面上越深。速度梯度和等速面曲率对地下焦点效应也有影响。地震测线平面外弯曲的反射界面也会造成反射的多分支现象。在回转波中存在四分之一个相移。

cable: 1.The assembly of electrical conductors used to connect the geophone or hydrophone groups to the recording truck.See also streamer.2.The assembly of electrical connectors and tensile members used to support a logging sonde or well geophone or bird.电缆：1.用来连接地震检波器或水听器组和记录车的导电体组合。见等浮电缆。2.用来支持测井电极系或井中检波器或水鸟的导电体和抗拉张体组合。chirp: A Vibroseis signal;a sinusoidal signal of continuously varying frequency.often implies a linear change of frequency with time.线性调频脉冲: 一种可控震源信号；一组频率随时间连续线性变化的正弦信号。

coefficient of anisotropy: See anisotropy.Variation of a physical property depending on the direction in which it is measured.各向异性系数：见各向异性。物理性质随着被测量的方向而变化。

coherence: l.The property of two wave trains being in-phase.2.A measure of the similarity of two functions or portions of functions.If the functions have power spectra Pii and Pjj and cross-power spectra Pij(which may complex), their coherence is Pij/(Pii Pjj)1/2

Also called coefficient of coherence.Coherence is the frequency-domain concept which is analogous to correlation in the time domain.相干性：1.两波列相位之间的属性。2.两函数或它们的一部分之间的相似性。如果两函数的功率谱分别为Pii 和 Pjj，它们的互功率谱为Pij（可能是复数），则相关性为

Pij/(Pii Pjj)1/2

也称之为相关系数。这里的相关性是频率域中的概念，它与时间域相关类似。

coherent: Having a fixed-phase relationship with respect to each other.A set of wave forms is coherent if the phase change from one to the next has a well-defined relationship.For example, seismic reflection events are coherent in a linear way with respect to dip, coherent in a hyperbolic way with respect to normal moveout, coherent with respect to weathering variations in a nonanalytic though systematic way with respect to geophone locations.The principal evidence for a separate seismic event is coherence among the members of a set of seismic traces over a short time interval of the order of 1-1 /2 or so cycles of the dominant frequency compared with less coherence elsewhere.Coherence is often measured in a qualitative way in record picking but quantitative measures of coherence are used in automatic picking scheme;see semblance.Coherence is used in connection with various types of wave trains, including electromagnetic and seismic waves.相关的：两者之间存在着固定的相位关系。一组波形如果相位从一种形式变成另一种形式且有明确的关系，则说明这组波形是相关的。例如，地震波反射同相轴与倾角线性相关，与正常时差双曲相关，与风化层变化非解析相关，与检波器位置系统相关。一地震波组中单个地震波相位与该组波相关的主要依据是与其它相关性差的地方相比它们之间有一很短的时间间隔约为1-1 /2个主频周期。相关性在记录拾取中是定性测量的，而在自动拾取中是定量测量的；见相似性。相关性常用于把各种不同类型的波联系起来，包括电磁波和地震波。

common-depth-point: l.The situation where the same portion of the subsurface is involved in producing reflections at different offset distances on several profiles.2.Common-depth-point shooting produces redundant reflection data from which a common-depth-point stack can be made.Different shotpoint-geophone combinations are used to record the same reflection from the same subsurface.Also call roll-along.Abbreviated CDP and CRP.共深度点：1.在几条测线上以不同偏移距产生反射的地下同一点。2.共深度点爆炸产生冗余的反射数据从而可进行共深度点叠加。不同的炮点检波器组合用来记录来地下自同一反射面的同一反射波。也称逐点爆炸法。缩写为CDP 和 CRP。

common-depth-point stack: A sum of traces which correspond to the same subsurface reflection point but which are from different profiles and have different offset distances.The traces are corrected for statics and normal moveout before summing(or stacking).The objective is to attenuate random effects and events whose dependence on offset is different from that of normal moveout for primary reflections.Hence multiple reflections which show a different NMO, surface waves, refractions, diffractions, etc., will be attenuated relative to primary reflections.Also called roll-along and horizontal stacking.Petty Geophysical Engineering Company patent.共深度点叠加：相应于对地下同一反射点的地震道的相加，但它们来自不同测线且具有不同偏移距。这些道在叠加之前都已经过静校正和正常时差校正。其目的就是衰减随机影响和那些与一次反射波随偏移距的正常时差不同的波至。因此，正常时差不同的多次反射波、面波、折射波、绕射波等相对于一次反射波来说都会被削弱。也称逐点爆炸和水平叠加。佩蒂地球物理工程公司专利。

common-offset gather: A side-by-side display of traces which have the same shot-to-geophone distance(offset).共偏移距道集：具有相同炮检距的道显示。

common-offset stack: A stack of traces which have the same offset and which are located within a limited range of depth-point locations.共炮检距叠加（同距叠加）：限定的深度点位置范围内的且炮检距相同的地震道的叠加。

common-range gather: Common-offset gather.共炮检距道集（选排）：同偏移距道集（选排）。Common reflection point: Common-depth-point.共反射点：共深度点。

compressional wave: An elastic body wave in which particle motion is in the direction of propagation;the type of seismic wave assumed in conventional seismic exploration.Also call P-wave, dilatational wave, and longitudinal wave.压缩波：质点运动方向与波传播方向相同的一种弹性体波；常规地震勘探中一种假设的地震波类型。也称为P-波、膨胀波和纵波。

configuration: Arrangement(as of geophones in a group);array.排列形式：排列（检波器组合）；阵列。

converted wave: Seismic energy which has traveled partly as a P-wave(longitudinal wave)and partly as an S-wave(shear wave), being converted from one form to the other upon reflection or refraction at oblique incidence on an interface.Since mode conversion is small for small incident angles, converted waves become more prominent as offset increases.转换波：部分以P-波（纵波）和S-波（剪切波）形式传播的地震波倾斜入射到某一界面上经反射或折射，从一种形式转换成另一种形式。在小入射角情况下转换能量小，随着炮检距的增加，转换波变得更为显著。

critical angle: Angle of incidence θc for which the refracted ray grazes the surface of contact between two media(of velocities V1 and V2): sin θc = V1 / V2.临界角：当折射线与两介质的分界面（界面速度分别为V1 和

V2）相切时，所需的入射角θc：sin θc = V1 / V2.critical reflection: A reflection at the critical angle.Amplitude may be exceptionally large in this vicinity.临界反射：入射角为临界角时的反射。这时的反射波振幅最大。

curved path: A seismic raypath which is curved because refraction changes the direction of the ray as the velocity changes with depth.Increase in velocity with depth makes the raypath concave upward.弯曲射线路径：由于速度随深度的变化使得折射方向也随之改变，从而得到一个弯曲的地震射线路径。速度随深度增加，使得射线路径向上弯曲。

deconvolution: The process of undoing the effect of another filter.Usually an inverse filter is designed and convolved with the signal, the objective being to nullify an objectionable effect of an earlier filter action.反褶积：解除一个滤波器所带来的影响的过程。通常是设计一个逆滤波器，然后与信号进行褶积，目的是使以前的滤波器对信号的影响变为零。

deep seismic sounding: DSS.深地震测深：DSS

diffraction: 1.A phenomenon common to all waves(light waves, radio waves, seismic waves, surface water waves, etc.).See Huygens principle.2.Scattered seismic energy which emanates from an abrupt discontinuity of rock type, particularly common where faults cut reflecting interfaces.绕射：1.一切波（光波、无线电波、地震波、水面波等）都会出现的一种现象。参见惠更斯原理。2.来自岩性突变处，尤其是来自断层反射面处的散射地震能量。

diffraction stack: A weighted stack of all the elements of reflected energy along a diffraction curve which yields a migrated section(to the extent that the data were two-dimensional).A method of automatically migrating reflection seismic data.绕射叠加：沿绕射曲线所有反射能量的加权叠加从而得到一个偏移剖面（如果数据是二维的）。是一种自动偏移反射地震资料的方法。

dilatational wave: P-wave.膨胀波：P-波。

dispersion: 1.Distortion of the shape of a wave train because of the variation of velocity with frequency.The peaks and troughs may advance toward(or recede from)the beginning of the wave as it travels.Leads to the separation of group velocity u from phase velocity v.Where λ = wavelength and f = frequency, v = f/(1 /λ)u = df/d(1 /λ).The dispersion of seismic body waves is very small under most circumstances, but surface waves may show appreciable dispersion in the presence of near-surface velocity layering.The dispersion of electromagnetic body waves is large in most earth materials.2.A statistical term for the amount of deviation of a value from the norm.扩散，频散：由于速度随频率的变化使得波列形态发生畸变。在传播过程中波峰和波谷相对于波端可能超前或后退。从而导致群速度u与相速度v彼此分开。v = f/(1 /λ)，u = df/d(1 /λ).其中λ为波长，f为频率。多数情况下，地震体波频散非常小，但是面波在近地表速度层的频散是非常明显的。电磁体波在多数土质材料中扩散是非常大的。2.计算偏离标准值程度的一个统计学术语。

display: A graphic representation of data, especially of seismic data.The historic display mode for seismic records graphs amplitude as a function of time for each geophone group output, giving wiggle trace or squiggle or conventional display.Variable area display in which the area under the wiggle trace is shaded(often involving a bias and trace clipping)has the advantage that coherent events are more evident.Variable density has also been used but requires very careful processing to retain a full spectrum of gray shades.Superimposed modes or combined model which involve the use of both wiggle trace and variable area or variable density simultaneously retain many of the good features of each type display.Other display modes are also used.显示：数据资料特别是地震资料的图形显示。以前的地震记录图形显示方式是把每一组检波器的输出振幅作为时间的函数，给出波形道或波形曲线或常规显示。变面积显示是把波形道下的区域涂上阴影（通常加斜线和修饰线），这样就使相干同相轴显得更突出。变密度显示也是常被用到的，但它需要细心的处理来保留一个完整的灰色阴影频谱。叠加或组合的显示方式就是综合使用波形曲线和变面积或变密度两种方法，使得显示同时保留各种方式各自的优点。另外还有一些其它的显示方式。

diving waves: Refraction in a strong velocity-gradient zone may reverse the component of seismic rays in the downward direction and return them to the surface, where they may be observed(at offset)as refraction arrivals even though they have no appreciable path through a distinctive refractor.If there are no velocity reversals, diving waves may be used to derive the velocity distribution by means of the Wiechert-Herglotz intergral.弓形射线波：强速度-梯度带中的折射波，使得向下传播的地震射线分量方向发生逆转并返回地表，且可能被看作折射波波至，尽管它们不是来自一个明显的折射层也没有明显的折射路径。如果没有速度逆转弓形射线波可以通维歇特-赫格劳兹积分求出速度分布。Dix formula: For reflections from a sequence of flat, parallel layers, the velocity in the nth layer vn(interval velocity)is given by

2vn(vn2tnvn21tn1)(tntn1)

where vn1 and vn are the average velocities from the datum to reflectors above and below the layer and tn-1 and tn are reflection arrival times.This formula, is sometimes misused to calculate interval velocities in situations which do not satisfy Dix's assumptions.Dix公式：对于来自水平层状介质的反射波，第n层的速度vn（层速度）由式：

2vn(vn2tnvn21tn1)(tntn1)

给出，其中vn1 和 vn为从基准面到反射层的上一层和下一层的平均速度，tn-1 和 tn是反射波到达时间。这一公式有时在不满足迪克斯（Dix）假设的情况下常被误用来计算层速度。

DSS: Deep seismic sounding;a long explosion seismic profile(usually refraction)which has the objective of studying the crust, Moho, and upper mantle.深地震测深：深层地震测深，一个很长的爆炸地震剖面（通常是折射剖面），其目的是为了研究地壳、莫霍面和上地幔。

dynamic corrections: Normal-moveout correction or corrections which depend on record time.动校正：正常时差校正或根据记录时间所进行的校正。earthquake: Sudden movement of the earth resulting from faulting or volcanism.An earthquake is classified according to the depth of its focus or hypocenter: shallow < 60 km, intermediate < 300 km, deep > 300 km(sometimes > 450 km).The seismicity of an area is its likelihood of having earthquakes.Some of the energy released in an earthquake is radiated as seismic energy.天然地震：地球的突然震动，其结果是导致断裂运动或火山活动。天然地震根据震中或震源的深度进行分类：浅层< 60 km，中层< 300 km，深层> 300 km(有时 > 450 km)。某一地区的地震活动性就是该地区将要发生地震的可能性。天然地震所释放的部分能量也可被人工地震所利用。

earthquake seismology: Study of earthquakes and their resulting seismic waves as a means of understanding the structure of the earth.A schematic seismic record showing several of the wave arrivals from an earthquake is shown in Figure 65.The scheme for identifying different arrivals is discussed under wave notation.Different types of waves may be detected at different distances.The time intervals between different arrivals depends on the distance from the earthquake hypocenter to the observing station.Intensity is a measure of the ground motion at a specific locality;magnitude is a measure of the energy released in the earthquake.天然地震测震学：对天然地震和其地震波进行研究从而进一步了解地球的内部结构。地震记录示意图如图65所示它可得到几个不同的波至。图中采用不同的震波符号来标识不同的波至。在不同的位置上可检测到不同类型的波。不同波至间的时间间隔取决于从震中到观测站之间的距离。地震烈度是某一区域地面运动的量度，地震震级则是地震所释放能量大小的量度。

elastic: Returning to its original shape after removal of distorting stress.The return of shape is complete and almost instantaneous rather than gradual.弹性的：在去除应力后，物体还能恢复原状的一种性质。物体形状的恢复是完全的而且几乎是瞬时的，而不是逐渐恢复原状。

elastic constants: Elasticity deals with deformations that vanish entirely upon removal of the stresses which cause them.The passage of a seismic wave is an example.The general elasticity tensor relating stress and strain in anisotropic media possesses 21 independent constants.In transversely isotropic media in which properties are the same measured in two orthogonal directions, these reduce to five independent constants.Isotropic media(properties the same measured in any direction)have only two independent elastic constants.For small deformations, Hooke's law holds and strain is proportional to stress.The elastic properties of isotropic materials which obey Hooke's law are specified by elastic moduli.These include the following: a.Bulk modulus k: The stress-strain ratio under simple hydrostatic pressure: kp vvwhere ΔP = pressure change, V = volume, and ΔV= change in volume.ΔV/V is called the dilation.The bulk modulus can be expressed in terms of other moduli as: k = E/3(l2σ)(l +σ)]1/2, Vs =(μ/ ρ)]1/2= [E /2 ρ(l +σ)]1/2,and Vp / Vs = [(0.5-σ)/(l-σ)]1/2.弹性常数：在去除应力后并使得由应力产生的形变完全消失时的弹性性质。以地震波所通过介质为例，在各向异性介质中与应力和应变有关的弹性张量具有21个独立的弹性常量。在横向各向同性介质中，在两个相互垂直的方向上性质相同，此时独立的弹性常量个数减少至5。而各向同性介质（在各个方向上测量的结果相同）只有2个独立的弹性常量。小形变情况下，虎克定律成立，应变与应力成正比。各向同性介质满足虎克定律，其弹性性质可用弹性模量来表示。它们包括a.体变模量k：受单位流体静压力时应力-应变的比值：

kp vv其中ΔP 为压力的变化量，V 为体积，ΔV 体积变化量.ΔV/V 称为膨胀度。体积模量也可由其它模量来表示：

k = E/3(l2σ)(l +σ)]1/2 Vs =(μ/ ρ)]1/2= [E /2 ρ(l +σ)]1/2 和

Vp / Vs = [(0.5-σ)/(l-σ)]1/2

elastic impedance: Seismic velocity multiplied by density.Reflection coefficient depends on changes in elastic impedance.Also called acoustic impedance.弹性阻抗：地震波速度乘以介质密度。反射系数随波阻抗变化而变化。也称为声阻抗。elastic wave: An acoustic wave, seismic wave, or sonic wave.弹性波：一种声波或地震波。

electrodynamic geophone: Moving-coil geophone.电动检波器：动圈式检波器。

epicenter: The location on the earth's surface below which the first motion in an earthquake occurs.Compare hypocenter.震中：地球表面上某一位置处，当地震发生时其下面首先开始震动。参照震源。

event: A lineup on a number of traces which indicates the arrival of new seismic energy, denoted by a systematic phase or amplitude change on a seismic record arrival.May be a reflection, refraction, diffraction, or any other type of wavefront.同相轴：新的地震能量到达的多道记录线组成的排列。它由地震记录波至的系统相位或振幅变化来表示。可能是反射波、折射波、绕射波，或其它类型的波阵面。

expanding spread: 1.A spread moved to greater offsets for successive shots from the same location so that the equivalent of many geophone groups is obtained from a single shot.used in refraction work, in noise analysis, and in velocity analysis.2.Depth probe.3.A Dix-type expanding spread is used in the field with the X2--T2 velocity determination.扩展排列：1.在同一位置逐次放炮同时使炮检距逐渐变大的排列。因此，等价于单炮激发，多检波器接收。常用于折射波勘探、噪声分析和速度分析。2.测深。3.迪克斯型扩展排列用于野外X2--T2速度测定。

extended spread: In-line-offset spread.纵排列：纵测线偏移排列。

fathometer: A device for measuring water depth by timing sonic reflections from the water bottom;an echo sounder.水深计：通过计算声波从水底返回时间来测量水深的一种仪器；回声测深仪。

Fermat’s principle: The raypath which seismic energy will follow between two points is that for which the first order variation with all neighboring paths is zero.It is sometimes phrased as that path for which the traveltime is a minimum(or, in certain cases, a stationary value or a maximum)compared with all neighboring paths.If the intervening medium contains parts having different speeds, the path will not be straight, but will be such that the over-all traveltime is minimized(usually).The resulting raypath will be the least-time path or brachistochrone.Snell's law follows from Fermat's principle.费马原理：两点之间地震波传播的射线路径，它与相邻路径的一阶差分为零。有时也可描述为与周围其它路径相比旅行时间最短（或特定情况，定值，或最大）的那条路径。如果两点之间的介质具有不同的速度，射线路径就不是直的，但尽管如此，仍使总的旅行时间最小的（一般来说）。其结果将是最小时间路径或最小时程。斯奈尔定律遵从费马原理。

first arrival: First break.初至：初至波。

first break: The first recorded signal attributable to seismic-wave travel from a known source.First breaks on reflection records are used for information about the weathering.Much refraction work is based principally on first breaks, although secondary(later)refraction arrivals are also used.Also ca1led first arrival.初至波：属于来自已知震源的地震波的第一个记录信号。反射波记录上的初至可用来获知岩层的风化信息。在折射波勘探中，虽然也用续至波，但多数主要还是使用初至波。

floating datum: A reference surface used in areas of rough topography.浮动基准面：在起伏地形区使用的一个参考面。flute: Mute.槽：切除。

focus: The location of the first rupture in an earthquake;the hypocenter.震源：天然地震中首先破裂的地方；（地震）震源

fold: Common-depth-point multiplicity.Where the same CDP point is sampled at 12 offset distances, e.g., it is referred to as “12-fold.” See also folding.覆盖次数：共深度点多次覆盖。例如同一个CDP点以12个不同的炮检距进行采样，这就是所谓的12次覆盖。见folding叠加。

format: The arrangement of data(as on a magnetic tape)involving the placement of bits of different significance, number of bits per byte and bytes per word, parity, multiplexing arrangement, timing and gain information, record identification and other auxiliary data, gaps, start-stop codes, etc.Standard formats have been specified by the SEG.Specific computer systems may use their own format for processing so that the first step with new data may be to reformat it.数据格式：数据（在磁带上）的排放形式，包括有效数字位置、每字节的位数和每字的字节数、奇偶校验位、多路编排、同步和增益信息、记录标识和其它辅助数据、间隔、起止位等等。勘探地球物理学家协会（SEG.）已给出了一个标准的数据格式。特定的计算机系统在处理数据时可能使用系统本身的数据格式，因此对于一组新的数据，第一步工作就是进行数据重排。

Gardner method: A refraction interpretation method which involves separating intercept time into constituent delay time associated with the shot end and the geophone end of the trajectory.The separation is not unique unless some assumptions are made.Gardner's concept of delay time is central to other refraction methods.加德纳法：一种折射地震的解释方法，其原理是将截距时间分解成与曲线轨迹的炮点尾端和检波器尾端有关的延迟时间。除非是在某一假设的前提下，否则分解的方法不是唯一的。加德纳延迟时间原理是其它折射波法的核心。

gather: A display of the input data to a stacking process rearranged so that all the seismic traces corresponding to some criterion are displayed side by side.Used for checking corrections and evaluating the components of the stack.A CDP gather displays data for the same reflecting point after correction for normal moveout and statics.A common-range gather displays data for the same offset but a number of nearby reflection points.道集：叠加处理输入数据的重新排列，以便使所有地震道按某一标准并排排列。用于核对校正和计算叠加分量。共深度点道集显示的是正常时差校正和静校正后的同一反射点的数据。而同偏移距道集是对炮检距相同的相邻几个反射点的数据进行重排。

geophone: The instrument used to transform seismic energy into an electrical voltage;a seismometer, a jug, or pickup.Most land geophones are of the moving-coil type.A coil is suspended by springs in a magnetic field(the magnet often is integral with the case of the instrument).A seismic wave moves the case and the magnet but the coil remains relatively stationary because of its inertia.The movement of magnetic field with respect to the coil generates a voltage across the coil which is proportional to the difference between the velocity of the coil and the magnet.Thus over a region which is above the natural frequency, the voltage output is proportional to the velocity of the seismic wave motion and relatively insensitive to frequency.At frequencies below the natural frequency of the geophone, the output(for input of constant velocity of magnet motion)is proportional to frequency and hence to the acceleration involved in the seismic wave.地震检波器：把地震能量转换为电信号的一种仪器；地震计、检波器或拾音器。大多数陆上检波器都是动圈式检波器，线圈通过弹簧悬挂在磁场中（磁铁通常是和仪器外壳连在一起的）。外壳和磁铁随地震波而运动但线圈由于其本身的惯性仍保持相对静止。磁场相对于线圈的运动将在线圈内产生电压，该电压正比于线圈和磁铁的相对速度。因此在地震波频率大于检波器自然频率时，输出电压正比于地震波速度，和其频率关系不大。当频率低于检波器的固有频率时，输出（磁铁运动速度为常数）正比于地震波频率和其加速度。

geophone interval: 1.The distance between adjacent geophones within a group.2.Sometimes used for group interval, the separation between the centers of adjacent geophone groups.检波距：1.一组检波器中相邻检波器之间的距离。2.有时用于组合检波距，相邻检波器组合中心之间的间隔。

ground roll: Surface-wave energy which travels along or near the surface of the ground.Usually characterized by relatively low velocity and low frequency but high amplitude.Ground roll tends to mask desired signals;shot and geophone patterns, filtering, and stacking are used to discriminate against it.Rayleigh waves are usually the main source and ground roll is sometimes called pseudo-Rayleigh wave.地滚波：沿地表或近地表传播的面波。通常具有低速低频强振幅等特征。地滚波酷似有用信号；常用炮点检波点组合、滤波和叠加等方法对它进行区分。地滚波的主要成分是瑞雷波，有时也称伪瑞雷波。

group interval: The horizontal distance between the centers of adjacent geophone groups.组合间距：相邻检波器组合中心之间的水平距离。

group velocity: The velocity with which the energy in a wave train travels.In dispersive media where velocity varies with frequency, the wave train changes shape as it progresses so that individual wave crests appear to travel at a different velocity(the phase velocity)than does the envelope of the wave train.The velocity of the envelope is the group velocity.群速度：一组波列中能量的传播速度。在扩散介质中速度随频率变化而变化，随着波列向前推进其波形也发生变化，因此单个波峰的传播速度（相速度）与波列包络的速度不同。这里包络速度就是群速度。

guided wave: l.An interface wave or surface wave.2.A channel wave.导波：l.界面波或面波。2.槽波。

hammer: A hammer striking a steel plate is used as seismic source for shallow refraction measurements.The hammer incorporates a switch which starts a timer when the hammer strikes;the timer is stopped when energy received by a geophone reaches some threshold value.冲击锤：浅层折射法中用于锤击钢板来作为震源的锤。冲击锤装有一计时触发开关，当锤落下开始计时，当检波器接收到的能量达到某一阈值时计时停止。

head wave: A refraction wave or Mintrop wave;a wave characterized by entering and leaving the high-velocity medium at the critical angle.Particularly the wave which gives a refraction first break.首波：折射波或敏车普波；以临界角进入和离开高速层的波，尤其是产生第一个折射波初至的波。

hodograph: The figure described by the terminus of a moving vector.矢端线：由变矢量端点所绘制的图形。

Hooke's law: Stress is proportional to strain.See elastic constants.虎克定律：应力和应变成正比。见弹性常数。horizontal stacking: Common-depth-point stacking.水平叠加：共深度点叠加。

Huygens principle: The concept that every point on an advancing wavefront can be regarded as the source of a secondary wave and that a later wovefront is the envelope tangent to all the secondary waves.惠更斯原理：波前面上的每一点都可看作一个二次扰动的点震源，下一个波前面就是所有子波波前的包络。

impedance: l.The apparent resistance to the flow of alternating current, analagous to actual resistance in a dc circuit.The impedance is(in general)complex, of magnitude |Z| with a phase angle θ.These can be expressed in terms of the resistance R(in ohms), the inductive reactance Xi = 2πfL and the capacitive reactance Xc = 1 /2πfC

Z = [R2 +(Xi －Xc)2 ]1/2 ohms tan1XiXc Rf is frequency in hertz, L is inductance in henrys, and C is capacitance in farads.2.See acoustic impedance.3.In magnetotelluric exploration, if Ex is the electric-field component in an arbitrary horizontal direction and Hy is the magnetic-field associated with it(in the orthogonal horizontal direction), the wave impedance(or field impedance or surface impedance)Zs is: Zs = Ex/Hy

The surface impedance is a complex number because of phase differences between Ex and Hy.Measurements of surface impedance versus frequency can be interpreted in terms of the electrical properties of the subsurface.阻抗：l.交流电的视电阻，与直流电的真实电阻类似。阻抗（一般来说）是复数，大小为|Z|，相位角为θ。它可电阻R（欧姆）、感抗Xi = 2πfL和容抗Xc = 1 /2πfC来表达：

Z = [R2 +(Xi －Xc)2 ]1/2 欧

XiXctanR1 其中频率f为赫兹，电感L为亨利，电容C为法拉。2.参见声阻抗。3.在大地电磁勘探中，如果Ex为任意水平方向的电场分量，Hy为与它相应的（水平正交方向）磁场分量，波阻抗（或场阻抗，或表面阻抗）Zs为：Zs = Ex/Hy。因为Ex 和 Hy的相位不同，所以表面阻抗为复数。表面阻抗相对频率的变化可用来表述地下电性。

incident angle: The angle which a raypath makes with a perpendicular to an interface, which is the same as that which a wavefront makes with the interface in isotropic media.入射角：射线和分界面的垂线所成的角，在均匀介质中，与波阵面和分界面所成的角相等。

interval velocity: Seismic-wave velocity measured over a depth interval.1.In sonic log determinations the interval may be 1 to 3 ft, in well shooting it may be 1000 ft or more.Usually refers to compressional velocity and usually implies measurements perpendicular to the bedding.2.Often used for velocity calculated by the Dix Formula from velocities measured from normal moveout.层速度：在一定的深度间隔上测得的地震波速度。1.声波测井的测定间隔为1到3英尺，地震测井的间隔则为1000英尺或更大。通常指纵波速度和特指垂直于层方向测得的速度。2.通常用于速度计算，先由正常时差进行速度测定，然后再经Dix公式进行计算。

Kirchoff diffraction equation: An expression of the wave amplitude at a point P which is several wavelengths λ from a diffracting aperture in the plane B.If α and β are the angles between the normal to B and the rays from Q and P to B, the lengths of the rays being r and s, then the wave amplitude u at P can be expressed as an integral over the aperture area, dσ: ui21i(rs)/e(coscos)d rs基尔霍夫绕射方程：波在某点P的振幅表达式，P点到平面B上的绕射孔的距离为多个波长λ。如果α 和 β分别是Q 和 P到平面B的射线与B的法线的夹角，两射线的长度分别为r 和 s，则波在P点的振幅u可由对绕射孔面积dσ的积分来表示： ui21i(rs)/e(coscos)d rslaw of reflection: The angle of reflection = angle of incidence, for the same wave mode in an isotropic medium.This is a special case of Snell's law.The more general form of Snell's law must be used for the wave generated by mode conversion upon reflection.If ip is the incident angle for an incident P-wave(or is for an incident S-wave), then the angles of the reflected P-wave will be rp and the angle of the reflected S-wave will be rs:

sinipVpsinissinrpsinrs VsVpVswhere Vp is the P-wave velocity and Vs is the S-wave velocity.反射定律：在均匀介质中，同一波的反射角等于入射角。它是斯奈尔定律一种特殊情况。斯奈尔定律更一般的形式满足由反射波波型转换产生的转换波。如果一个入射P-波（或S-波）的入射角为ip，则反射P-波的反射角为rp，反射S-波的反射角为rs：

sinipVpsinissinrpsinrs VsVpVs其中Vp为P-波速度，Vs为S-波速度。

law of refraction: The sine of the angle of incidence is to the sine of the angle of refraction as the velocity of the incident wave is to the velocity of the refracted wave.Usually called Snell's law.透射定律：入射角的正弦和透射角的正弦之比等于入射波和透射波速度之比。通常也称为斯奈尔定律。

least-time path: The path between two points which takes the least time to traverse(subject to certain constraints).The path which a seismic ray takes according to Fermat's principle.Also called minimum-time path or brachistochrone.The raypath will generally be curved or bent because of velocity variations.Also applicable to light rays, etc.最短时程：通过两点之间所需时间最短的那条路径（服从一定的约束条件）。满足费马原理的地震射线路径。也称为最小时程或最速路径。由于速度发生变化，射线路径一般都是弯曲的。同样适用与光射线等。

Lg-wave: “Long” surface waves including both Rayleigh wave and Love waves.Lg-波：“长”面波，包括瑞雷波和勒夫波。

longitudinal wave: P-wave or compressional wave.纵波：P-波或压缩波。

long-path multiple: A seismic reflection whose travel path is much longer than required for a primary reflection from the deepest interface reached.A long-path multiple tends to appear as a separate event rather than blending into the tail of the primary.For example, the energy might be reflected by a deep reflecting interface, then at or near the surface, and again by the same or another deep interface.See multiple.全程多次反射波：传播路径比来自最深界面的一次反射波路径长得多的地震反射波。长程多次波常以单独波至的形式出现而不是掺混在一次波的尾部。例如，来自某一深层反射界面的反射波在地表或近地表被反射回去，而在同一个或另一深层反射界面又一次被反射回来。参见多次波。

long wave: Surface wave.长波：面波。

love wave: A surface seismic wave associated with layering, characterized by horizontal motion perpendicular to the direction of propagation with no vertical motion.Designated Q-wave, LQ-wave, G-wave, or SH-wave.Love waves may also be thought of as channel waves with the earth's surface the upper channel boundary.Total reflection occurs at the boundaries of the channel so that the waves represent energy traveling by multiple reflection.The energy builds up because of interference.Different interference modes are designated by the number of nodal planes within the layer but usually only zero mode is observed.The dispersion of Love waves can be used to calculate the thickness of the surface layer.Earthquake Love waves have velocities up to 4.5 km/sec, faster than Rayleigh waves.勒夫波：与层状介质有关的一种地震面波，其特征为质点水平运动且与波传播方向垂直，不发生垂向运动。被命名为Q-波、LQ-波、G-波或SH-波。勒夫波也可看作是地表上部通道边界的槽波。所有反射都发生在孔道边界上，所以能量以多次反射的形式传播。由于干涉现象而使能量聚集。不同的干涉类型取决于层内的节面数，通常只能观测到零型干涉。勒夫波的频散可用来计算表层厚度。天然地震勒夫波的速度在4.5千米/秒以上，大于瑞雷波速度。low-velocity layer: 1.Weathering;a near-surface belt of very low-velocity material.2.A layer of velocity lower than that of shallower refractors.See blind zone.3.The B-layer in the upper mantle from 60 to 250 km deep, where velocities are about 6 percent lower than in the outermost mantle.4.The region just inside the earth's core.低速层：1.风化层；近地表低速带。2.速度低于其上面折射层的地层。参见盲区。3.上地幔中从60到250千米深度的B-层，它的速度比最外面的地幔低6%。4.地核内部的区域。

marker bed: 1.A bed or sequence of beds which yields characteristic reflections over a more-or-less extensive area.2.A bed which accounts for a characteristic segment of a refraction time-distance curve and which can be followed over a reasonably extensive area.3.A bed with distinctive magnetic or electrical effects.标准层：在一个较大的范围内产生特征反射的一层或一组层。2.用来解释折射波时距曲线的特征段并且在更广范围也适用的层。3.具有明显磁效应或电效应的层。

migration: 1.Plotting of dipping reflections in their true spatial positions rather than directly beneath the point midway between the shotpoint and center of the geophone spread.Some automatic migration schemes utilize the complementary properties of wavefront curves and diffraction curves(curves of maximum convexity).An unmigrated event is tangent to a diffraction curve(which defines the particular diffraction curve)and its arrival time defines the wavefront.The migrated event lies at the other intersection of these two curves and is tangent to the wavefront curve.Migration often is limited to the plane of the section, although, properly, three-dimensional positions should be considered.2.Where the velocity varies laterally, data will migrate differently and ray tracing is used to determine the migrated positions.3.Movement of ions in a solution because of electric-field gradient.偏移，运移：倾斜反射点实际空间位置的展绘，而不是直接将炮点和检波器排列中心位置的中点下方作为反射点位置。一些自动偏移方法是利用波前曲线和绕射曲线（最大凸度曲线）的互补性质来实现的。偏移前的反射波同相轴与绕射曲线相切（由此可确定绕射曲线），而它的波至时间可确定波前面。偏移后的同相轴在两曲线的另一个交点上与波前面相切。偏移通常限制在剖面所在的二维平面内，然而，为了更准确，就应该考虑三维空间位置。2.速度发生横向变化会使偏移位置不同，通常采用射线追踪的方法来确定偏移位置。3.由于电场梯度的存在而使离子在溶液中发生运动。

minimum-phase: 1.A two-term wavelet or couplet(a, b)is minimum-phase if |a| >|b|.Same as minimum-delay.Any wavelet may be represented as the convolution of couplets;the wavelet is minimum-phase if all the couplets of which it is composed are minimum-phase.For examp1e, the z-transform of a wavelet might be 6+z-z2 which can be expressed as(3-z)(2+z), each of which is minimum-phase and hence the wavelet is minimum-phase.Minimum-phase is sometimes expressed as having all roots outside the unit circle in the z-plane or as having no zeros in the right half of the Laplace transform S-p1ane.2.A multichannel matrix of vectors is minimum-phase if its determinant(which can also be expressed as the product of couplets)is minimum-phase.A multichannel response produced by impulsive inputs might be: input

input channel 1

channel 2 output channel l(2z)(z)

output channel 2(1)(6z)which has the determinant 12 + 7z + z2 =(3 + z)(4+ z)which is minimum-phase;hence the multi-channel response is minimum-phase.The principal feature of minimum-phase is that the energy arrives in a burst which is not followed by a larger burst.3.A minimum-phase filler is that one of the set of possible filters with identical amplitude response, which delays the energy the least;it also is called the minimum-delay filter.If the input to a minimum-phase filter is itself minimum-phase, then the output will also be minimum-phase.Many of the filtering actions to which seismic signals are subjected are minimum-phase and much of the filtering done in digital processing is minimum-phase.A minimum-phase wavelet is sometimes called front-loaded because its energy is concentrated in the front end of the pulse.Maximum-phase or maximum-delay is the other extreme, and mixed-phase is intermediate.最小相位：一个二项子波或双根子波(a, b)，如果有|a| >|b，则它是最小相位的。与最小延迟相同。任一子波都可看作是双根的褶积。如果组成它的所有根都是最小相位的，则该子波也是最小相位的。例如，一个子波的Z变换为6+z-z2，也可写作(3-z)(2+z)，它的每一项都是最小相位的，因此该子波是最小相位的。最小相位有时也可描述为在Z平面内的所有根都在单位圆外或拉普拉斯变换S平面的右半平面无零点。2.如果多道矩阵向量的行列式（即根的乘积）是最小相位的，则该矩阵向量是最小相位的。脉冲输入的多道响应为：

输入

通道 1 通道2

(z)输出通道 l(2z)

(6z)输出通道 2(1)它的行列式12 + 7z + z2 =(3 + z)(4+ z)是最小相位的，因此该多道响应也是最小相位的。最小相位的主要特征是波至能量是一个脉冲而不是紧随其后还有一个更大的脉冲。3.最小相位滤波器是一套等幅响应的物理可实现滤波器，它的能量延迟最小，也称为最小延迟滤波器。如果最小相位滤波器的输入信号本身就是最小相位的，则输出信号也将是最小相位的。多数地震信号的滤波和数字滤波都属于最小相位滤波。最小相位子波也叫前载子波，因为它的能量主要集中在脉冲的前端。最大相位或最大延迟是能量集中的另一种极限情况，混合相位则介于两者之间。

multiple: Seismic energy which has been reflected more than once.lf this definition is strictly adhered to, virtually all seismic energy involves multiples, and primary energy which has been reflected only once is scarcely observable.The important distinction is between long-path and short-path multiples: a long-path multiple arrives as a distinct event whereas a short-path multiple arrives so soon after the primary that it merely adds tail to the primary.Usually it does not matter whether the reflections being mapped are primary but rather whether their attitude is indicative of the attitude of the appropriate portion of the section, so that the tailing produced by the many short-path peg-leg multiples does not detract seriously.The attitude of long-path multiples is not apt to be representative of the portion of the section associated with their arrival time.Usually the long-path multiples have traveled more in the slower(shallower)part of the section than primaries with the same arrival time, so that they ordinarily show more normal moveout and can be attenuated by CDP stacking.多次波：经多次反射的地震波能量。如果严格按照定义来说，实际上所有地震波均包括多次波，一次反射能量很难观测到。全程多次波和短程多次波的主要区别是：全程多次波具有明显的同相轴，而短程多次波紧随着一次波而到达，仅仅是给一次波加了一个尾巴。通常，所要成图的反射波是否是一次波无关紧要，而它们的形态是否能表示剖面的部分形态却是非常重要的。所以，短程微屈多次反射波产生的拖尾对剖面质量的影响不大。而全程多次波的形态就不能代表与波至时间有关的剖面部分的形态。通常相同的波至时间，全程多次波在剖面的低速（浅层）部分的传播路程比一次波要长，因此它们表现出更大的正常时差，这可以通过共深度点叠加来压制。

multiple coverage: Seismic arrangement whereby the same portion of the subsurface is involved in several records, as with CDP shooting.The redundancy of measurements permits various types of noise to be attenuated in processing.多次覆盖：当采用共深度点放炮时，使得多道记录都能记录到地下相同部分信息的地震排列方式。这种冗余测量可使各种类型的噪声在处理时得到削弱。

multiplex: 1.A process which permits transmitting several channels of information over a single channel without crossfeed.Usually different input channels are sampled in sequence at regular intervals and the samples are fed into a single output channel.Digital tapes are sometimes multiplexed in this way.Multiplexing can also be done by using different carrier frequencies for different information channels.2.A stereoscopic plotting instrument used in preparing topographic maps by stereophotogrammetry.多路传输，多倍仪：在单个通道上传输多道信号并使它们不发生串音的一种传输方式。通常不同道的输入信号按顺序以固定间隔进行采样，然后被注入单个输出通道进行传输。数字磁带往往以这种方式进行多路编排。多路传输也可采用对不同信道使用不同载频的方式进行。2.一种立体测图仪，它通过立体摄影测量来绘制地形图。

multiplexed format: A sequence of data in which the first sample of channel 1 is followed by the first sample of channel 2, then the first sample of channel 3, etc., until the first sample of all channels is given;then follows the second sample of channel 1, the second sample of channel 2, etc.As opposed to trace-sequential format in which the first sample of channel 1 is followed by the second sample of channel 1, etc., until all of channel 1 is given, followed by channel 2, etc.If such an array of data is thought of as a matrix, then multiplexed format may be thought of as reading by columns and trace-sequential format as reading by rows.The data output of digital recording equipment is in multiplexed format whereas most data processing is done in trace-sequential format.Converting from the one format to the other is one of the first steps in data processing and usually part of the edit routine.Such a format conversion is called matrix transposition.多路编排格式：数据排列次序为：通道1的第一个采样，跟着是通道

2、通道3的第一个采样等等，直到所有通道的第一个采样都给出后，接下来是通道

1、通道2的第二个采样等等。它和道序传输格式相反，道序传输格式为：通道1的第一个采样，跟着是通道1的第二个采样，直到通道1的所有采样都给出，然后是通道2的所有采样等等。如果把一组数据编排看作一个矩阵，那么多路编排格式可以认为是按列读取，而道序传输格式是按行读取的。数字记录装置的输出数据是多路编排格式的，而大多数数据处理都是按道序传输格式进行的。数据处理首先要做的工作之一就是将数据从一种格式转换成另一种格式，这也是编辑程序的一部分。这种格式转换也称为矩阵转置。mute: To change the relative contribution of the components of a record stack with record time.In the early part of the record the long offset traces may be muted or excluded from the stack because they are dominated by refraction arrivals or because their frequency content after NMO correction is appreciably lower than other traces.The transition where they begin to contribute may be either abrupt or gradual.A large abrupt transition introduces frequencies which may not be otherwise present and may distort the design criteria for a deconvolution operator.Muting may be done over certain time intervals to keep ground roll, air waves, or noise bursts out of the stack.For this last function, compare diversity stack.Also called fade.切除：改变时间叠加记录成分的相对贡献值。大偏移距记录道的前部往往在叠加前被切除，这是因为它们主要是折射波分布区或因为动校正后使其频率成分比其它道的低。记录道何时被切除可能是突然的，也可能是渐变的。突然的转变将引入本来不存在的频率成分，这会影响反褶积算子的设计准则。切除可以通过一定的时间间隔来使地滚波、空气波或其它噪声不参与叠加。对最后这一功能，请参照多样化叠加。也叫噪声衰减。

NMO: Normal moveout.NMO: 正常时差。

normal incidence: A wavefront striking an interface broadside;i.e., so that the angle between the wavefront and the interface(angle of incidence)is zero.法向入射：波阵面穿过分界面的侧面，因此波阵面和分界面的夹角（入射角）为零。

normal moveout: The variation of reflection arrival time because of variation in the shotpoint-to-geophone distance(offset).Normal moveout depends on velocity and(to a lesser extent)dip as well as offset and decreases with reflection time.Many velocity analysis methods are based on normal-moveovt measurements.To the extent that long-path multiples travel at a lower average velocity than primary reflections for the same arrival time(because velocity usually increases with depth), they will show greater normal moveout and can be attenuated by common-depth-point stacking.Offset sometimes is thought of as an independent variable and normal moveout is illustrated in offset space.正常时差：由于炮点到检波点之间的距离（炮检距）的不同而产生的反射波至时间变化。正常时差依赖于地层速度和倾角（在更小的范围内）以及炮检距，且随反射时间的增加而减小。很多速度分析法都是以正常时差测量为基础的。对于全程多次波来说，在与一次波旅行时间相同的情况下，它们传播的平均速度却比一次波慢（因为速度随深度而增加），那么它们的正常时差将比一次波大。因此全程多次波可通过共深度点叠加进行压制。往往炮检距被看作是自变量，正常时差是在炮检距空间来描述的。

offset: l.The distance from the shotpoint to the center of the nearest geophone group.Often resolved into components: perpendicular offset, the distance at right angles to the spread line, and inline offset, the distance from the projection of the shotpoint onto the line of the spread.2.The perpendicular offset only.3.The distance between the shotpoint and the center of any geophone group.4.The distance between the shopoint and any geophone.5.Some times(in refraction work)the displacement.6.In marine shooting, the distance from the recording boat where the radio-location equipment is usually located to the mid-point of the subsurface coverage;stepback.7.Displacement of the plot of a reflection to its proper position on a cross-section;migration.8.Displacement of a formerly contiguous body.炮检距，偏移距，补偿：l.从炮点到最近的检波器组合中心之间的距离。通常被分解为：垂直偏移距，与测线排列的垂直距离；同线偏移距，炮点在测线上的投影到检波器排列之间的距离。2.仅指垂直偏移距。3.从炮点到任意检波器组合中心之间的距离。4.从炮点到任意检波点之间的距离。5.（折射波法中的）平移断层。6.海上放炮时，从无线电定位装置所在的记录船到地下覆盖段中点之间的距离；即回步。7.横剖面上反射曲线到其确切位置之间的距离；即偏移量。8.对以前邻接体的置换。

onset: The beginning of a wave train.See break.波端：一个波列的开始部分。参见波至。

phase velocity: 1.The velocity with which any given phase(such as a trough or a wave of single frequency)travels;may differ from group velocity because of dispersion.Sometimes called trough velocity or peak velocity.2.Apparent velocity.相速度：1.任一给定相位（如波谷或单频波）的传播速度，由于频散，可能与群速度不同。有时也称为波谷速度或波峰速度。2.视速度。

plane wave: Having wavefronts which are planar(with no curvature), as might originate from a very remote source.A common assumption in seismic and electromagnetic wave analyses which is not strictly true in actual situations.平面波：波阵面是平面（无弯曲）的波，如震源很远的波。地震波和电磁波研究中的常用假设形式，严格来讲实际情况并不是这样。

point source: 1.A source whose actual size is unimportant as far as the effects being observed are concerned.2.A single current electrode whose companion is a great distance away, such as the current pole of the pole-pole or pole-dipole arrays.点源：与所引起的效应相比，其大小并不重要的一种震源。2.与另一电极距离很远的单供电电极，如单极-单极排列或单极-偶极排列的供电方式。

Poisson's ratio: The ratio of the transverse contraction to the longitudinal extension when a rod is stretched:

d/d

L/Lwhere Δd = change in diameter d and ΔL = the change in the length L.See also elastic constant.The ratio of the velocities of P-and S-waves, Vp and Vs can be expressed in terms of Poisson's ratio: Vp2(1)Vs121/2 For liquids σ = 1/2 and Vs vanishes.泊松比：当一杆被拉伸时，它的横向收缩和纵向伸长之比：

d/d

L/L其中Δd是直径d的变化量，ΔL是长度L的改变量，见弹性常数。P-波和S-波的速度Vp 和 Vs之比可用泊松比来表示：

Vp2(1)Vs121/2

液体的泊松比为σ = 1/2，Vs消失。

porosity: Pore volume per unit volume of formation.Often indicated by the symbol Φ.Porosity is determined from cores or from sonic logs(see Wyllie relationship), from density logs, from neutron logs, or from resistivity logs(see Archie's formula).See also movable oil plot.Primary porosity refers to the porosity remaining after the sediments have been compacted but without considering changes because of subsequent chemical action or flow of waters through the sediments.Secondary porosity is the additional porosity created by subsequent chemical changes, especially fissures, fractures, solution vugs, and porosity created by dolomitization.Effective porosity is the porosity available to free fluids, excluding unconnected porosity and space occupied by bound water and disseminated shale.孔隙度：单位体积岩层中空隙所占的体积。常用符号Φ表示。孔隙度可由岩芯或声波测井（见威利关系式）、密度测井、中子测井以及电阻率测井（见阿尔奇公式）等进行测定。也可见油气运移图。原生孔隙度指的是沉积物被压实后仍保留的空隙度，但它由于随后的化学作用或有水的流过而没有发生太大变化。次生孔隙度则是由后生化学变化，特别是裂隙、断裂、溶洞和白云石化作用而产生的附加孔隙度。有效孔隙度是指适用自由流体的空隙度，它不包括不连通的空隙度和周围水以及浸染泥岩占有的空隙度。

Primary reflection: Energy which has been reflected only once and hence is not a multiple.Strictly speaking, primary reflections are virtually undectable because they contain so little energy and short-path multiples usually are included.一次反射：只经过一次反射的波而不是多次波。严格来讲，实际上检测不到一次反射波，因为它们的能量很小且包含短程多次波。

primary wave: P-wave or longitudinal wave.一次波：P-波或纵波。

P-wave: An elastic body wave in which particle motion is in the direction of propagation.The type of seismic wave assumed in conventional seismic exploration.Also called compressional wave, longitudinal wave, primary wave, pressure wave, dilatational wave, and irrotational wave.In an isotropic homogeneous solid, the P-wave velocity Vp can be expressed in terms of the elastic constants and the density:

Vp = [(λ +2μ)/ρ ]1/2

=[E(l-σ)/ρ(1-2σ)(l +σ)]1/2, where λ and μ are Lame's constants, E is Young's modulus, k is the bulk modulus, and σ is Poisson's ratio.See also wave

第二篇：新闻英语术语

accredited journalist

n.特派记者

n.广告

advance

n.预发消息；预写消息

affair

n.桃色新闻；绯闻

anecdote

n.趣闻轶事

assignment

n.采写任务

attribution

n.消息出处；消息来源

back alley news

n.小道消息

backgrounding

n.新闻背景

Bad news travels quickly.坏事传千里

banner

n.通栏标题

beat

n.采写范围

blank

vt.“开天窗”

body

n.新闻正文

boil

vt.压缩（篇幅）

box

n.花边新闻

brief

n.简讯

bulletin

n.新闻简报

byline

n.署名文章

caption

n.图片说明

caricature

n.漫画

carry

vt.刊登

cartoon

n.漫画

censor

vt.审查（新闻稿件），新闻审查

chart

n.（每周流行音乐等）排行榜

clipping

n.剪报

column

n.专栏，栏目

columnist

n.专栏作家

continued story

连载故事，连载小说

contributing editor

特约编辑

contribution

n.（投给报刊的）稿件，投稿

contributor

n.投稿人

copy desk

n.新闻编辑部

copy editor

n.文字编辑

correction

n.更正（启事）

correspondence column

读者来信专栏

correspondent

n.驻外记者，常驻外埠记者

cover

vt.采访，采写

cover girl

n.封面女郎

covert coverage

隐性采访，秘密采访

crop

vt.剪辑（图片）

crusade

n.宣传攻势

cut

n.插图 vt.删减（字数）

cut line

n.插图说明

daily

n.日报

dateline

n.新闻电头

deadline

n.截稿时间

dig

vt.深入采访，追踪（新闻线索），“挖”（新闻）

digest

n.文摘

editorial

n.社论

editorial office

编辑部

editor's notes

编者按

exclusive

n.独家新闻

expose

n.揭丑新闻，新闻曝光

extra

n.号外

eye-account

n.目击记，记者见闻

faxed photo

传真照片

feature

n.特写，专稿

feedback

n.信息反馈

file

n.发送消息，发稿

filler

n.补白

First Amendment

（美国宪法）第一修正案（内容有关新闻、出版自由等）

five “W's” of news

新闻五要素

flag

n.报头，报名

folo(=follow-up)

n.连续报道

Fourth Estate

第四等级（新闻界的别称）

freedom of the Press

新闻自由

free-lancer

n.自由撰稿人

full position

醒目位置

Good news comes on crutches.好事不出门。

grapevine

n.小道消息

gutter

n.中缝

hard news

硬新闻，纯消息

headline

n.新闻标题，内容提要

hearsay

n.小道消息

highlights

n.要闻

hot news

热点新闻

human interest

人情味

in-depth reporting

深度报道

insert

n.& vt.插补段落，插稿

interpretative reporting

解释性报道

invasion of privacy

侵犯隐私（权）

inverted pyramid

倒金字塔（写作结构）

investigative reporting

调查性报道

journalism

n.新闻业，新闻学

Journalism is literature in a hurry

新闻是急就文学.journalist

n.新闻记者

kill

vt.退弃（稿件），枪毙（稿件）

layout

n.版面编排，版面设计

lead

n.导语

libel

n.诽谤（罪）

makeup

n.版面设计

man of the year

新闻人物，风云人物

mass communication

大众传播（学）

mass media

大众传播媒介

master head

n.报头，报名

media

n.媒介，媒体

Mere report is not enough to go upon.仅是传闻不足为凭.morgue

n.报刊资料室

news agency

通讯社

news clue

新闻线索

news peg

新闻线索，新闻电头

newsprint

n.新闻纸

news value

新闻价值

No news is good news.没有消息就是好消息，不闻凶讯便是吉

nose for news

新闻敏感

obituary

n.讣告

objectivity

n.客观性

off the record

不宜公开报道

opinion poll

民意浏验

periodical

n.期刊

pipeline

n.匿名消息来源

第三篇：服装英语术语

6片裙 6 panel skirt J型袋 Jshaped pkt.T恤衫 T-shirt/Tee shirt 阿巴丁布 Aberdeen 按钮,按扣 snap 暗袋 hided jet pkt.暗线 blind stitch 巴拿马薄呢 panama 白底上有白花样 white on white 百分比 percentage 摆平服装 lay garment flat 板房 sample room 半合并部分 semi-assembling section 半制品 work-in-process/WIP 包边的 bound 包边压靴 hemming foot 包缝 overlock 包缝 over-lock/serge 包缝 OVRLK./over-lock 包缝缝型 wrap-seam 包缝机 overlock machine 包缝线迹 over-lock stitch 包裹 wrap 包括 INCL./including 包头钉 rivet 包装 package/pkg.包装 packing/package 包装表 packing list 包装单 packing list 包装方法 packing method 暴光的,暴露的 exposed 爆口 seam broken 绷缝线步 covering stitch 比尺 guide 哔叽呢 serge 边脚 corner 边脚处理 edge-finishes 扁装 flat package 便装 casual wear 变形 distortion 变形纱 textured yarn 变性腈纶 modacrylic 表袋 coin/cash pkt.丙纶 polypropylene 并线,双线 duoubling 波浪，卷曲 crimp 波浪纹线步 wavy stitches 玻璃纤维 glass fibre 驳线 over-lapping stitch 不成一直线 misaligned 不对称 asymmetric 不对称 asymmetric 不翻边裤脚 cuff-less bottom 不规则的,不整齐的 irregular 不均匀 uneven 不均匀边脚 uneven hem 不均匀染色 uneven dyeing 不牢的缝骨 weak seam 不牢固 insecure 不配合 mismatch 不正确 incorrect 布板 fabric swatch 布边 selvedge 布封 fabric width 布料 FAB./fabric 布料疵点 fabric defects 布料结构 fabric construction 布料瑕疵 fabric flaws 布纹歪斜 off grain 部件遗失 missing parts 材料，物料 material 裁剪工 cutter 裁绒 tufting 采购 purchase 参考 Ref./reference 参考编号 Ref.No.仓管员 warehouse keeper 仓库 warehouse 操作员 operator 侧缝骨 side-seam 侧骨,外缝 out-seam /side seam 侧口袋 side-seam pkt.侧唛 side mark 叉位 vent 查货报告 inspection report 长度 L./length 长袍 robes 长袜 stockings 长纤丝 filament 厂房 plant 超出松容位 out of tolerance 超时，加班 extra hours 超时工作 overtime work 超越，胜过 exceed 车缝 sewing 车缝顺序 sewing sequence 车脚，还脚 hemming 车衣脚 sew hem / hemming 陈列室 showroom 衬/朴 interlining 衬衫 shirt 成本单 cost sheet 成分商标 content label 成分商标，成分唛 content label 成衣 garment 成衣公司 apparel company 成衣结构 garment construction 成衣习训室 garment workshop 成衣洗水 garment wash 成衣洗水 garment wash 尺寸 measurement 尺寸 measurement/meas.尺码编号 Spec.No.尺码表 size chart 尺码表 measurement chart 尺码表 size specification/size spec.尺码范围 size range 尺码范围 size range 尺码分配 size assortment 尺码分配 size assortment 尺码唛 size label 出货数量 shipping Qty.出口 export 初版 initial sample 除去皱褶 free of wrinkles 处理，执手 handling 穿带孔,扣眼 eyelet 传统的 traditionally 传统男衬衫 dress shirt 船货 cargo 船头板 shipment sample 船务部 shipping department 船务公司 shipping company 船务文件 shipping document 垂直的 vertical 纯丝 pure silk 刺绣 Emb./embroidery 粗纺 woolen 粗纺羊毛 woolen 粗纱 thick yarn 粗梳 carded 醋 vinegar 醋，人造丝 cellulose ester 醋酸纤维 acetate 错失 missing parts 错位 misplace 错误连接 incorrect link 打结机，打枣车 bartacker 打卡钟 timer 打扣眼 button-holing 打线结 thread tacking 打枣,套结 bartack 打褶 pleating 打褶，打裥 fix pleats 大量生产 bulk production 大量生产 mass-producing 大麻 hemp 大烫,终烫 off-pressing 大皱边 ruffle 带条 tape 带条 stripe/tape 袋布 pocketing/pocket bag 袋布 pocketing 袋布深 pkt.-bag depth 袋衬,背带 bearer 袋盖 pkt.flap 袋盖 flap 袋卡 pkt.flasher 单股长丝 mono-filament 单价 unit price 单襟 single breasted 单码 solid size 单嵌线袋 single jetted pocket 单色 solid color 单线/单针 SNL/single thread 单针平车 flat m/c 单针平车 single needle lockstitch machine 单针线迹 single needle stitch 担保走货 letter of guarantee，L/G 旦尼尔（旦）denier 弹性纤维 elastomer 弹袖 wadding 蛋白质 protein 刀口，刻口，扼位 notch 倒转 up side down 到岸价 C.I.F./cost,insurance,freight 灯心绒 corduroy 涤棉混纺织物 polyester/cotton 底层布料 ply stratum 底领,领里 under collar 底面领 top & under collar 底袖,小袖 under sleeve 地毯 carpet 地毯 rugs 典型的方法 typical method 电传 telex 电脑牌 kim-ball 垫肩 shoulder pad 垫肩 shoulder pad 吊牌 hang-tag 吊牌 hang-tag 吊牌 hang tag 钉纽机 button sewer 镀黄铜的 brass coating 短裤 shorts 短数/少出货 short-ship 短纤丝 staple 断经 broken end/warp 断纱 broken yarn 断纬 broken pick/weft 断线 broken stitching 断针 broken needle 对称线迹 counter stitch 多股长丝 multi-filament 多股纱 multiply yarn 发票 invoice 法兰绒 flannel 帆布 duck 帆布,马尾衬 canvas 翻贴边裤脚 cuffed bottom hem 反领机 collar turner 反领机 collar pressing & turning machine 反领线,反襟线 break line / fold line 反面 wrong side/W.S.反面,倒转 reverse 反袖口机 cuff turning & pressing machine 方角袋 square shaped pkt.方平织物 hopsack 防虫加工 moth resistant finish 防臭加工 odorless & perfumed finish 防汗加工 perspiration resistant finish 防火布 flameproof fabric 防火测试 flammability test 防静电加工 antistatic finish 防霉加工 mildrew resistant finish 防水 water repellent 防水布 waterproof fabric 防缩加工 shrink-resistant/preshrunk finish 防透光加工 opaque finish 防褪色加工 atmospheric fading resistant finish 防绉加工 crease & wrinkly resistant finish 防蛀加工 antiseptic finish 仿天鹅绒 velveteen 纺成纱 spun yarn 纺纱 spinning 纺织 textile 放码，放样 grading 放松 relaxed 非纯白色,黄白色 off-white 非粘衬 non-fusible interlining 非织物 non-woven 非织物 non-woven 费用 charge 分工序 operation break-down 风琴袋 bellows pocket 风琴褶 accordion 封口的 sealed 缝骨,止口 seam 缝骨袋 seam pocket 缝骨类型错误 wrong type seam 缝骨扭曲 seam twist 缝骨皱褶 seam pucker 缝肩线，纳膊 join shoulder seam 缝盘缝制 lingking & cup seaming 缝线 thread 缝线落坑 run off stitches 缝线张力 thread tension 缝制 sewing 服装产品 dress-goods 浮经 warp float 府绸，毛葛 poplin 辅料 trimmings 辅料 accessory/trimmings 付款方式 payment 附加的 additional 附件 attachment 干洗 dry-cleaned 钢质纤维 steel fibre 高度 H./height 高聚物 polymer 格子 checks 格子不均匀 uneven plaids 格子布 plaids 跟单员 merchandiser 工厂 manufacturer 工程部 engineering department 工票 work-ticket/cutting ticket 工序 op./operation 工序细分 operation break-down 工资卡 wage card 工字褶 box-pleat 供应商 supplier 供应商 supplier 固定 fix 固定款式服装 staple garment 固强度 tenacity 顾客 client 挂耳 hanger loop 挂面,襟贴 lapel 关税 customs fee 规格 specification 规则的 regular 柜台板，回板 counter sample 滚边的 piped 滚边器 binder 海军蓝 navy 海军蓝 navy 含水量 moisture 航行编号 sailing No.合成纤维 synthetic 核准板，批板 approval sample 荷叶边 flounce 横裆 barre 横贴纸 inscription paper 后背宽 B.mid.arm-hole 后背宽 across back 后背宽 across back 后叉 back vent 后袋 back pkt.后幅 back panel 后幅 back panel 后夹圈 back armhole 后浪 back rise 后浪 BR/back rise 后浪缝骨 seat-seam 后浪骨 seat seam 后领圈 back neck 后片 back part 后中 CB/C.B./center back 后中长 C/B length 厚绒针织布 terry knit 厚毯，小地毯 rug 滑移 slippage 还口 clean finish/turn finish 还口，锁边 serge 黄麻 jute 回针 back stitching 会计部门 account department 混纺纱 mixed yarn 混合纤维 blend fibre 混码 sized-multiple 活胸衬 floating chest piece 活褶 pleat/knife pleat 机械的 mechanical 机械结构 mechanism 机械设备 machinery 基本纸样 block pattern 缉边线 edge-stitched 缉面线 topstitching 稽查水平audit level/Aud.L.计件工 piecework 计件工资 piece rate 加工厂 source mill 夹克 jacket 夹克,上衣 jacket 夹圈 scye/armhole 价钱牌 price tag/ticket 假缝 baste 假缝,绷缝 basting 间边线 edge-stitching 间线 top-stitching 肩衬 shoulder piece 肩缝 shoulder seam 肩宽 across shoulder 肩宽 shoulder 肩宽，肩部 shoulder 肩斜 shoulder slope 剪线 trim 剪线 trimming 剪线刀 thread trimmer 检查 inspect 检查报告 audit report 检查员 inspector 交织 interlacing 胶袋 poly-bag 胶针 plastic pin 胶纸包 poly-warp 脚贴 hem facing 脚围 bottoms 接受 accept/Acc.解决，溶解 solution 金属附件 metal-ware 金属纤维 metal fibre 金属装饰品 metallic decoration 进口 import 经编针织 warp-knitting 经认可的签名 authorized signature 经条灯心绒 bedford cord.经向缎纹/色丁 satin 经织弹簧针织布 tricot 经织舌针布 raschel 腈纶 acrylic 精纺 worsted 精纺羊毛 worsted 精梳 combed 精致的 delicate 净色，单色 solid color 净重 NT.WT./N.W.旧式的,古代的 antique 拒绝 reject/Rej.聚苯乙烯 polystyrene 聚烯烃纤维 polyolefin 聚酰胺纤维 polyamide 聚乙烯纤维 polyethylene 聚脂纤维，涤纶 polyester 卷边 hemming 卷边器 hemmer 卷边靴 hemmer foot 卷尺,胶带,带条 tape 卡其色 khaki 拷贝纸 tissue paper 可伸长的 tensile 可弯曲的 pliability 孔眼,凤眼 eyelet 口袋 pkt./pocket 扣耳 buckle loop 扣眼 button-hole 扣眼 button-hole 扣眼机 button holing machine 裤裆 crotch/crutch 裤裆顶 crotch point 裤耳 belt-loop 裤耳 belt-loop 裤耳 belt-loop 裤耳 belt-loop 裤腰 waistband/W.B.裤子 pants 裤子 pants 裤子 pants/trousers/slacks 宽度 W./width 宽容量 tolerance 款式 style 款式 style 款式描述 style description 捆条 binding tape 拉布 spreading 拉覆线步 covering stitch 拉链 zipper/zip.拉链袋 zipper pocket 拉链贴 zipper tape 拉筒 folder 蜡染 battik 来料加工 C.M.T./cut,make & trim 劳工 labor 劳工成本 labor cost 离岸价 F.O.B./free on board 里布 lining 里布 lining 量度 measure 零售价格 retail price 领插竹 collar stay 领底绒 melton 领尖 collar point/tip 领开口 neck-opening 领圈 neck scoop 领圈 NK./neck 领圈缝骨 neck seam 领圈线 neckline 领深 neck-drop 领贴阔 neck band width 领围 collar/neck band 流程图 flow chart 流失,变动 turnover 六角袋 hexagonal pocket 漏针 missed stitch 氯纶 chloro fibre 罗纹 rib 罗纹,凸纹织物 ribbing 罗纹带条 rib tape 罗纹织物/双面平纹 rib/double jersey 骆驼毛 camel hair 落货排期 delivery schedule 落货期 shipping date/delivery date 落坑线 slipped stitches 落里的 lined 马海毛 mohair 马尾衬布，帆布 canvas 码数 yard/yardage 码数板，尺寸板 size sample 码数商标，尺码唛 size label 唛架,辅料 marker 埋侧骨 close side-seam 埋裤裆 join crotch 埋裤裆 joining crotch 毛边,散口 raw edge 毛巾 towel 毛巾布 towel cloth 毛皮制品 furry 毛圈针织布 pile knit 毛圈织布 loop pile 毛绒布 tweed 毛毯 blanket 毛重 GR.WT./G.W.贸易部门 trade department 帽高 hood height 帽围 hood 每英寸线迹数 S.P.I./stitches per inch 密度 density 密度 density 棉 cotton 棉绒针织布 velour knit 棉纱支数 counts 棉绳 cotton string 面布 shell fabric 面料 shell fabric 面料 shell fabric 面领 top collar 面袖,大袖 top sleeve 描述 description 魔术贴 velcro 莫代尔纤维 modal fibre 木棉 kapok 目标市场 target market 目的地 destination 内长 in-seam 内袋,暗袋 inter pocket 内工字褶 inverted-pleat 内浪 in-seam 耐用的 durability 男西装 men's tailored jacket 尼龙 nylon 捻成丝状的 spun 捻度 twist 牛仔布 denim 牛仔裤 jeans 扭缝骨 seam twist 扭脾 twisting leg 扭前筒 twisted placket 扭曲,歪曲 twist 纽扣 button 纽扣开口 button closure 纽牌 fly 纽子 catch facing 纽子贴 catch facing 纽子贴 catch facing 钮脚 button shank 钮牌 fly facing 钮牌 front fly 女式罩衫 blouse 排料，排唛架 marker making 排列不整齐 misaligned 抛位 fullness 泡状布，泡泡纱 sucker 胚布 gray cloth / calico 配额 quota 配色 matching color 膨体纱 bulk yarn 批量编号 lot No.批准,确定 confirmation 皮带 belt 皮带扣 buckle 皮带扣 buckle 皮革 leather 皮裘 fur 脾围 thigh 漂白 bleaching 品质报告 quality report 品质控制 quality control平布 plain weave平的,平纹布 plain平缝 flat-seam平面针织 jersey 评定报告 evaluation report 起镜面 shiny 起镜面 shiny 起镜面,反光 glaring shine marks 起毛球 fuzz balls 起毛头 pilling 起毛织布 pile fabric 起泡 bubbling 起圈布 looped fabric 起皱 puckering 起皱的 puckering 前袋 front pkt.前幅 front panel 前襟贴 front facing 前襟贴,挂面 front facing 前浪 FR/front rise 前片 front part 前筒 front placket 前筒，三尖袖叉 placket 前胸宽 F.mid.arm-hole 前中 C.F./center front 浅黄色 buff 嵌边 piping/insert 嵌边袋 jetted/welt pkt 嵌条 piping/insert 嵌线袋 piping pkt./ jetting pkt.青白色 bluish-white 轻身的 lightweight 轻重量 low wt./low weight/light weight 曲尺袋 ruler shaped pkt.全成型针织衫 fully fashioned sweater 全开口 fully opening 全里 fully lined 全围 circumference 裙子 skirt 人造的 artificial 人造丝 rayon 人造纤维 man-made fibre 人字平缝机 zig-zag lockstitch machine 人字纹 zig-zag 人字线步 zig-zag stitch 人字斜纹 herringbone 日常工作 routine work 容量,能力 capacity 容位 easing 容位 easing 乳脂色 creamy 软尺 tape 三醋酸纤维 triacetate 三尖袋 three pointed pkt.三尖袖叉 slv.placket 散口 seam slippage 色彩鲜艳的运动上衣 blazering 色差 color shading 沙滩装 beachwear 纱结 knot 纱线 yarn 纱线 yarn 山羊绒，开士米毛 cashmere 衫身 body 商标 label 商标 LBL./label 商标错位 label misplace 上臂围 upper arm 上级领 collar fall 上浆 sizing 上浆 sizing 上袖 sleeve joining 上装 tops 上装 tops 上坐围 upper hips 绱领 attach collar 绱袖 set in sleeve 绱袖级 attach cuff 烧毛 scorches & flame 伸展 stretch 生产部门 production department 生产图 production sketch 生产制造单 production order 生产中检查 in-line audit 生产周期 production cycle 绳索 rope 省 dart 省道 dart 省裥 tuck 湿冷的 clammy 十字裤裆骨 cross crotch 十字裤裆骨 crotch meet point 十字浪,十字裆 cross crotch 石棉纤维 asbestos fibre 时装 fashion 实际尺寸 act./actual size 实验室测试 laboratory test 使成为可塑体 plasticize 饰边，蕾丝 lace 饰带 braid 手感 hand feel 手工艺 workmanship 手肘 elbow 树内皮 bast 树脂加工 resin finish 数量 quantity/Qty.双反面针织布 purl 双襟 double breasted 双经 double end 双面针织布 interlock 双纬 duoble pick 双线/双针 DBL/double thread 双针平缝机 double needle lockstitch machine 双绉布 vrepe de-chine 水平的 horizontal 水渍 water spots 丝 silk 松紧带 elastic 松紧带 elastic 苏格兰 Scotland 速递 express 塑胶 plastic 塑料袋 plastic bag 碎片 scrap 碎褶 gathers 损耗量 spared quantity 梭织布 woven fabric 梭织物 woven 缩水 shrinkage 缩碎褶 gather 锁链车 chain stitch machine 锁链线步 chain stitch 塔府绸 taffeta 太阳褶 sunray 碳质纤维 carbon fibre 烫袋机 pocket creasing machine 烫袋形 crease pkt.shape 烫工差 poor pressing 烫痕 press marks 烫糊 burns 烫开缝骨 press open seam 烫开缝骨 open seam 烫片 panel pressing 套装 suits 特殊效果 special effect 体型 contour of body 天鹅绒 velvet 天然纤维 natural fibre 填充料 stuffing 挑缝 blinding 挑脚线步 blind stitch 条形码标签 bar coded sticker 条子 stripes 条子布 stripes 跳线 skipped stitching 跳线 skipped stitches 贴边 facing 贴袋 patch pocket 贴身 closed-fit 贴身 close fitted 通常开支，厂皮 overhead 通过，穿过 THRU./through 头围 head girth 投诉 complaint 透明 transparency 凸嘴，不紧贴 not closing 图样 sketch 图样，纸板 pattern 兔毛 rabbit hair 外长 out-leg/out-seam 外套 overcoat 外套 outerwear 外箱贴纸 case pack label 外形拉紧 tension appearance 外衣料 coating 弯袋 curved pocket 网状 web 微小疵点 minor defect 维纶 polyvinyl alcohol 纬编针织 weft-knitting 纬向缎纹/色丁 sateen 位置 placement 位置 placement 位置 POS./position 温度 temperature 乌蝇扣 eyes & hoops 污物 soiling 污渍 soiled 无袖的 sleeveless 五线保险包缝线迹 5 threads safety overlock stitch 物料运输 material handling 西裤 trousers 西装料 suiting 矽石纤维 silica fibre 膝围 knee 洗涤，漂洗 rinsed 洗水痕 water streak 洗水后褪色 bleeding 洗水商标 care label 洗水商标，洗水唛 care label 洗水指令 washing instruction 洗衣 laundry 细则,规则,规格 specification 下摆围 sweep 下摆围 sweep 下层 under layer 下级领 collar stand 下级领高 collar stand width 下胸围 under bust girth 下装 bottoms 下装 bottoms 纤维 fibre 纤维素 cellulose 线步密度 stitch density 线步松 grinning stitch 线步种类 stitch type 线迹，针步 stitching 线落坑 run-off stitching 线圈 loops 线圈形成 loop formation 线头 thread ends 相反 reverse 相反方向 opposite direction 箱唛 shipping mark 镶边器 piper 向下 face down 橡筋裤头 elastic waistband 销售合同 sales contract 销售样板 sales sample 小山羊皮 suede 小身 panel 小身，侧片 side panel 小绉边褶 frill 效果图 design sketch 斜袋 slant pocket 斜纹,纵纹 bias 斜纹布 twill 斜纹的 diagonal 斜纹呢 gabardine 信用证 letter of credit(L/C)型号 model No.杏型袋 peach shaped pkt.胸衬 chest piece 胸袋 breast welt pkt.胸围 chest/bust 休闲装 leisure wear 修补行为 remedy action 袖侧 slit opening 袖叉 sleeve vent 袖长 sleeve/slv.length 袖底缝骨 underarm-seam 袖级，介英 cuff 袖开口 slv.opening 许可证 license 雪纺 chiffon 压光加工 glazed finish 亚麻 linen 亚麻布 linen 亚麻纤维 fiax 亚铜的 cuprous 颜色 CLR./color 衍缝 quilt 羊毛 wool 羊毛衫 sweater 羊毛衫 sweater 羊绒衬衫 sweat-shirt 洋裁,裁缝 tailored 样板 sample swatch 样板 sample 样板卡 sample card 腰卡 waist tag 腰直 nape to waist 一般外形 general appearance 一打(12件)dozen 一股，股数 strand 衣服，服装 garment 衣架 hanger 衣架 hangter 衣脚 BTM/bottom 衣脚 hem 衣脚边 hem/bottom 衣脚线,下摆线 hemline 衣料 coatings 遗漏 omitted 隐形拉链 conceal zipper 印花布 printed fabric 印花布 print fabric 影响外型 affect appearance 由，从 FM./from 油渍 oil stain 有弹性的，橡筋带 elastic 有光泽的 lustrous 有吸收性的 absorbent 育克,担干,机头 yoke 育克，旦干，机头 yoke 原材料 Mat./material 原材料 raw material 原材料 raw material 原身出贴 fold back facing 原身出袖 magyar sleeve 圆角袋 round cornered pkt.运输 transportation 运线 run-stitching 熨烫 pressing/ironing 熨烫 pressing/ironing 再生纤维 regenerated fibre 藻酸纤维 aliginate fibre 扎号 bundle code 粘衬 fusible interlining 粘衬条 adhesive tape 粘合性的 fusible 粘胶纤维 viscose 张力不均匀 uneven tension 折叠裤子 fold pants 折痕 crease line 折线到折线 fold to fold 折衣尺寸 folding size 褶皱回复 wrinkle recovery 针/夹 pins / clips 针步形成 stitch formation 针裥 pin tuck 针热 needle heating 针织服装 knitwear 针织物 knit 正面 right side/R.S.支数 count 织花布 dobby 织锦 brocade 织唛,梭织商标 woven label 织片 panel knitting 执扎表 bundle list 执扎系统 bundle system 直袋 straight pocket 直贡呢，威尼斯缩绒呢 venetian 直角 perpendicular 直径 diameter 直浪 body rise 直纹 straight line 直线装配 linear assemble 纸板 cardboard 纸板箱 carton 纸箱 carton/ctn.纸样 pattern 纸样设计 pattern design 制作 make up 质量 quality 中骨线 center crease line 中骨线 crease line 中检 in-process inspection 中烫 under-pressing 中烫 under-pressing 终检 final inspection 终烫 off-pressing / final pressing 绉布 chambray 绉布 crepe 皱褶 wrinkles 主商标，主唛 main label 主商标，主唛 main/brand label 主要疵点 major defect 装袋 set pocket 装配线/组合线 assemble line 装饰纽扣 stud 装运箱,出口箱 shipping carton 子口 edge margin/S.A.子口 S.A.子口 seam allowance/S.A.纵纹裁剪，斜纹裁剪 bias cut 纵行线圈 wale 走纱 fabric runs 阻塞,瓶颈 bottleneck 最后检查 final audit 最后用途 end-use 左手边 LHD side /left hand side 左右一对 pairing left & right 坐围 seat/hips

第四篇：术语--采购常用英语

Explanation For Short(常用術語表)ITEMFor ShortFull Name 項目英文縮寫英文全名

行銷管理(業務/采購/資材/倉庫)常用語:A/P Accounts Payable 2 A/R Accounts Receivable 3 ACT Accumulative Depreciation 4 APL Approval Part list 5 ASP Avetage Selling Price 6 AVL Approval Vendor List 7 B/B RATIO Booking to Billing RatioB/L BacklogCCR Customer Complaint Request 10 COGS Cost of Goods Sold 11 CRL Customer Request List 12 CRP Cost Reduce Program 13 DO Delivery OrderDSC Delivery Schedule Confirmation 15 EMP Excess Material Prediction 16 EPS Earning Per Share 17 F/G Finished Goods 18 FCST Forecast 19 FIFO First In First OutG&A General and Administrative 21 GPM Gross Profit MarginGUI Govermment uniform Invoice 23 INV InventoryIR Incoming Reject / Issue Report 25 JIT Just In Time 26 LC Letter Credence 27 MC Material ControlMLO Material , Labor , Overhead 29 MPS Master Production Schedule 30 MRP Material Requirement Planning 31 N/P Notes Payable 32 N/R Notes Receivable 33 NBR Number 34 NSB Net Sales Billed 35 NSE Net Sales Entered 36 NUB Net Units Billed 37 O/E Other Expence 38 O/I Other Income 39 OA

Open Account

Explanation

Remark 中文解釋備注應付貨款應收貨款累計折舊合格料品表平均價

合格供應商名錄訂單出貨比率待出訂單客戶抱怨銷貨成本客戶需求表成本降低計劃送貨單交期確認表呆滯材料預估每股盈餘成品預算先進先出管理費用銷貨毛利統一發票庫存

來料不良/工單發料單及時供料信用狀物料控制制造成本生產主排程物料需求計劃應付票據應收票據數量,數目凈銷貨金額受訂金額銷貨數量營業外支出營業外收入票結

OAY Overall Yield

ODR On-Time Delivery Rate 42 OH Overhead 43 OP Operating Profit 44 OTP Operating Transfer Price 45 P&L Profit and Loss 46 P/R Purchase Requisition 47 PC Production Control

PICS Purchasing Integrateed cost save 49 PMC Production and Material Control 50 PO Puchase Order 51 PR Production Reject

QDCST Quality , Delivery , Cost , Service , Technology 53 REV Revenue

RFQ Require for Quotation55 RMA Return Material Authorization 56 ROI Rate of Investment 57 S/R Sales Return 58 SN Shipping Notice 59 SO Salse Order

SPS Supplier Performance Scorecard 61 Sub-Con Sub-Contracter

TAM Total Available Market 63 TT Telephone Transfer 64 UTS Units to stock 65 WIP Work in process 66 WO Work Order 工程技術及品管(研發/工程/品管)常用語:AI Auto InsertionAQE Account Quality Engineer 3 AQL Acce[table Quality Level 4 BOM Bill of MaterialCAR Corrctive Action Report 6 COB Chip on Board 7 CP/CPK Capability ProcessCQIP Continuous Quality Improvement Programm9 DCN Design Change Notice 10 DCR Design Change Request 11 DTS Dock to StockECN Engineering Change Notice 13 ECO Engineering Change Order 14 ECR Engineering Change Request 15 EMC

Electromagnetic Compatibility

產品良率準時交貨率製造費用營業凈利內部移轉單價損益報告請購單生產控制

采購整合降價計劃生產物料控制訂購單制程不良

品質,交期,成本,服務,技術銷貨收入報價需求表退貨受權書投資報酬率銷貨退回出貨通知受訂單

供應商業績評估表外包市場需求量電匯進倉量在制品生產工單自動插件機種品質工程師最低允收標準材料表嬌正措施報告綁定處理制程能力(指數)品質持續改善計劃設計變更通知設計變更需求免驗入庫工程變更通知單工程變更命令工程變更需求電磁兼容EMS 18 FA 19 FAI 20 FQC 21 GRN 22 IPQC 23 IQC 24 JQR 25 LRR 26 MP 27 MRB 28 OBA 29 OPF 30 OQC 31 ORT 32 PE 33 PMP 34 PPH 35 PPM 36 QA 37 QAIP 38 QC 39 QRA 40 QSA 41 SCM 42 SMT 43 SOP 44 SQA 45 VQM 46 WI 47 ZD 其它常用語:ADM 2 ASAP 3 AVG 4 BOI 5 C/T 6 CE 7 CUM 8 CWQC 9 DCC 10 DL 11 ERP

Electromagnetic Susceptivity Failure Analysis First Article Inspection Final Quality Control Goods Rceived Note In-process Quality Control Incoming Quality Control Joint Quality Resource Lot Reject Rate Manual Process Material Review Board Open Box Audit One Piece Flow Out Qulity Control Out-going Reliability Test Process Engineering Process Management Plan Piece Per Hour Parts Per Million Quality Assurance QA In Parallel Quality Cotrol

Quality Reliability Assurance Quality System Audit Supplier chain Management Surface Mounting Technology Standard Operation Procedure Supplier Quality Assessment Vendor Quality Manergment Working Instruction Zero Defect Administration As Soon As Possible Average Best of Industry Cycle Time

European Community Cumulating

Company Wide Quality Control Document Control Certen Direct Labor

Enterprises Resource Planning

抗幹擾失敗分析首件檢驗成品品質控制進料品質驗收單制程中巡檢進料檢驗品質資源共享批退率手工插件物料審核委員會開箱檢驗直通流水線出貨管制出貨信賴性實驗制程工程制程管制計劃每小時生產效率百万分之一品質保證緊急放行品質控制

品質與信賴度保證品質系統供應鏈管理表面安裝技術處理標準作業流程供應商品質系統評估供應商品質管理作業指導書零缺點行政管理盡可能快平均業界最好周期歐共體累積

公司全面品質管制文管中心直接員工企業資源計劃FIN 14 FOIL 15 FYI 16 GR 17 HC

Finance Foil

For Your Information General Manager Head Count

財務投影片僅供參考總經理

Post By：2006-5-12 11:44:00

采购的关键----供应商的管理维护！！

一.总则

1.为了稳定供应商队伍，建立长期互惠供求关系，特制定本办法。

2.本办法适用于向公司长期供应产品，加盟企业，生产厂家及提供配套服务的厂商。二.管理原则和体制

1.公司采购部主管供应商，与市场部的工作及信息部结合并请各部门予以协助。

2.对选定的供应商，公司与之签订供应合作协议，在该协议中具体规定双方的权利与义务、双言互惠条件，对作为加盟企业的供货商会有一系列优惠措施。

3.公司可对供商评定信用等级，根据等级实施不同的管理。

4.公司定期或不定期地对供应商进行评价，不合格的解除长期供应合作协议。5.公司可以结合销售工作，提供包括民间品牌的炒作等一系列的宣传。三.供应商的筛选与评级公司制定如下筛选与评定供应商级别的指标体系。

1.质量水平。包括：（1）产品的优良品率；（2）质量保证体系；（3）样品质量；（4）对质量问题的处理。

2.交货能力。包括：（1）交货的及时性；（2）扩大供货的弹性；（3）样品的及时性；（4）增、减订货货的批应能力。

3.价格水平。包括：（1）优惠程度；（2）消化涨价的能力；（3）成本下降空间

4.技术能力。包括：（1）工艺技术的先进性；（2）后续研发能力；（3）产品设计能力；（4）出现技术问题产品的反应能力。

5.后援服务。包括：（1）零星订货保证；（2）配套售后服务能力。（3）团购的优惠6.人力资源。包括：（1）经营团队；（2）员工素质。

7.现有合作状况。包括：（1）合同履约率；（2）年均供货额外负担和所占比例；（3）合作年限；（4）合作融洽关系。具体筛选与评级供应商时，应根据形成的指标体系，给出各指标的权重和打分标准。

8.筛选程序。（1.）对每类产品，由采购部经市场调研后，各提出5~10家候选供应商名单；（2）

公司成立一个由采购、质管、市场部门组成的供应商评选小组；（3）.评选小组初审候选厂（商）家后，由采购部实地调查厂（商）家，双方协填调查表；（4）.经对各候选厂（商）家逐条对照打分，并计算出总分排序后决定取舍。

四.核准为供应商的，始得采购；没有通过的，请其继续改进，保留其未来候选资格。五.每季度对供应商予以重新评估，不合要求的予以淘汰，从候选队伍中再行补充合格供应六.公司可结供应商划定不同信用等级进行管理。评级过程参照如上筛选供应商办法。七.对最高信用的供应商，公司可提供产品免检、优先支付货款等优惠待遇。

1.R&D(research&design)研发

2.APS(automated purchasing system)自动采购系统 3.CAD(computer automated design)计算机辅助设计 4.EDI(electronic data interchange)电子数据交换系统 5.ERP(enterprise resource planning)企业资源计划 6.ANX(automotive network exchange)自动网络交换 7.CPO(chief procurement officers)采购总监

8.CPE(collaborative planning and execution)合作计划和执行 9.TCA(total cost of acquisition)总获取成本

10.CPFR(collaborative,planning,forecasting,replenishment)合作，计划，预测，补充 11.SCM(supply chain management)供应链管理 12.VMI(vendor managed inventory)卖方管理库存

13.VMR(vendor managed replenishment)卖方管理补货 14.SCOR(supply chain operations reference)供应链管理指南 15.LEW(least ex works)最小离岸价

16.MOM(markup over coat model)成本变动 17.3PL(third party logistics)第三方后勤服务

18.MRP(material requirements planning)物料需求计划 19.CIO(computer information officers)信息主管

20.PDCA(plan-do-check action cycle)计划-实施-检查循环

FCA free carrier 貨交承運人 L/C letter of credit信用証 L/G letter of guarantee保証書 LCL less than container load拼箱貨 M/T metric ton公噸 S/D sight draft 即期匯票

W.W.warehouse to warehouse 倉至倉 DDP delivered duty paid 完稅后交貨 DDU delivered duty unpaid未完稅交貨 DEQ delivered ex quay目的港碼頭交貨 EMS Express Mail Service特快專遞

EXW ex works 工廠交貨价 F.C.L.full container load整箱貨 FOB free on board離岸價 A.W.B.air waybill 空運運單 B/l bill of lading 提單

CFR cost and freight 成本加運費價格

CIF cost insurance and freight成本保險加運費价 D/D demand draft即期匯票

D/P document against payment付款交單 DAF delivered at frontier 邊境交貨价

第五篇：NBA英语术语

Agent 经纪人。

Air ball:投出的球什么都没碰到，三不沾。

All-Defensive Team :最佳防守阵容。

Alley-oop:空中接力。一个运动员把球抛向空中，另一个队员在空中接住球把球扣入篮筐。

All-NBA Team:NBA最佳阵容。

All-Rookie Team:最佳新秀阵容。

All-Star:全明星。

APG:平均每场助攻。

Arena:比赛场；竞技场。比如Seattle的主场名叫Key Arena。

arc:三分线。

Assist:助攻(缩写：Ast.)。

Attempts:出手次数。

Atlantic Division:大西洋赛区。B:

Babyhook:小勾手。

Backboard:篮板。注意不是basketboard。

Backcourt:后场。一支球队本方的半场为后场，即这支球队所要防守的那半场。

Backdoor paly:篮球基本战术之一。当一个队员在罚球弧周围接到球时，另一个动员立刻从弱侧切入篮下，接队友的传球投篮得分。

Back pass:背后传球。

Baseline:底线。球场两端的边界线。

Basket:篮筐。也作ring，还有一种通俗的说法是hoop。

Bench:替补队员。

Block shot:盖帽(缩写：Blk.)。

Blocking Foul：阻挡犯规。

Bo嘘声；发出嘘声(v)。球迷发泄不满的一种方法。

Bounce pass:击地传球。

Box out:抢篮板球挡人，即抢篮板球时站在对手和篮之间，用身体挡住防守队员的动作。

Box score:技术统计。

Bounce pass:地板反弹传球。

BPG:平均每场盖帽。

Brick：球打在篮筐或篮板上被崩出来。许多公牛队的球迷在客队罚球时都手执一块上写“Brick“的牌子在罚球队员的眼前不停的晃动，扰乱他的视线，以达到干扰罚球的目的。

Bury a shot:投篮命中。

Buzzer beater:比赛结束前的最后一投。buzzer是比赛用的蜂鸣器。C:

Captian:队长。队长是场上惟一有资格与裁判讨论规则和判罚的人。Career-high:职业生涯最高纪录。

Carry the ball:翻腕违例。

Center:中锋。

Cental Division: 中部赛区。

Charge:冲撞。

Chief Official:主裁判。

Close calls:比分接近的比赛。

Clutch shot:至胜入球。

Clutch time:生死时刻，投入一球可决定胜负的决定性时刻。

Coach:教练。比如Head coach是主教练，Assistant coach是助理教练。

Coast-to-coast:从球场的一端到另一端。例如：coast-to-coast pass。

Collactive Bargaining Agreement:劳资协定。

Conference:联盟。NBA分东、西两个联盟(Eastern Conference和Western Conference)，每个联盟都有自己的logo。

Commissioner:总裁。NBA的现任总裁是David Stern。

Court:球场；赛场。

home court主场。

Crossover:交叉运球过人。是Tim Hardaway的商标动作。

Crunch time：关键时间（通常指最后两分钟）。

Cut:切入。D:

Debut:首次上场。

DEF:防守篮板（后场篮板）。

Dead ball:死球。

Defense:防守。当客队进攻时，我们经常能听到主场的球迷在体育馆音效师的带领下高喊“Defense!Defense!“。

Deny the ball:绕前防守。

Disqualification:被罚下场(缩写：DQ.)。

Division:赛区。NBA共有四个赛区，每个联盟下属两个赛区。

DNP：没有出场。

Double-double:两双，即两项技术统计指标达两位数。

Double-team:双人夹击。

Double dribble:两次运球。

Double foul:双方犯规。

Doubleteam：双人包夹。

Down the strech:关键时刻。

Downtown:三分线以外。

DQ:被罚出场。

（disqualification)Draft: 选秀，即NBA每年一度的纳新大会。

Draft pick:获选新秀。

Dribble:运球(vt,n)。

Drive:突破。

Driving layup:突破上篮。

Du原义是二重唱，在篮球中专指双人组合。E:

Eastern Conference:东部联盟。

Eject:逐出场外。

Expansion:扩充球队。F:

Fadeaway shot:后仰投篮。也作fadeaway jumper。

Fake:假动作；做假动作(v)。

Fall in:投进。

Fast break:快攻；快速突破。

FG％:相当于field goal percentage,投篮命中率。

3PG％:三分球命中率。

Finals:总决赛。

Semifinals半决赛。

Field goal:投篮(总称)，包括两分球的投篮也包括三分球的投篮(缩写：FG.)。

Finger roll:低手上篮时手指拨球的动作。

Flagrant foul:没有必要或动作过大的犯规，恶意犯规。

Foul:犯规。个人犯规是personal foul；全队的累计犯规叫team foul。Foul trouble：一个队员由于受到犯规次数的约束而带来的麻烦，比如说这个队员的犯规次数已接近6次，再犯一次或两次规就将被罚下场。Franchise:球队。

Free agent:自由人。合同的期满的运动员和新人都是自由人，自由人的去留不受球队约束。

Free throw:罚球(缩写：FT.)。

Frontcourt:前场。对手的半场为前场，即本方队员攻击的那半场。

FT％:罚球命中率。

FTM-FTA:罚中次数/罚球次数。G:

G:出场次数。

General manager:总经理。

Give-and-g基本战术配合之一，进攻队员将球传给另队友--give，然后向篮下切入，再接队友的回传球上篮(或扣篮)得分--go。

Goaltending:干扰入球。

GS:games starting,先发出场次数。

Gunner:经常投篮的投手。H:

Hall of Frame:篮球名人堂。

Hall of Framer:名人堂成员。

Half:半场。

Hand-checking:a:一种防守技术，即用手接触对方的身体来跟踪对手的位置。也作hand-check。

b:防守犯规的一种。防守队员用手阻挡进攻队员的走位。不能张开双臂阻挡防守队员的移动，合法的hand-checking技术只允许用手接触对方的身体来跟踪对手的位置，但手部不允许加力，也不允许阻碍对手的视线。Hang time:滞空时间，即运动员投篮时在空中停留的时间。

Head coach:主教练。

Held ball:争球。

High post:高位，罚球弧的周围。

Home game:主场。

Hook shot:钩手投篮，有时也直接用“hook“表示。

Hoop:篮圈。I:

Illegal defense:非法防守。联防防守即为非法防守(从这个赛季起允许联防了）。

Incidental contact:非故意接触。

Isolation:孤立打法（即4名防守球员拉到一边，让剩下的进攻队员在强侧一打一。）

Injury list:伤员名单。如果某个队员受伤不能参加比赛，根据NBA的规定必须要将其列入伤员名单(伤员名单是公开的)，以示对球迷的负责，进入此

名单者至少五场不能出战。J:

Jam:扣篮。one-handed jam单手扣篮；two-handed jam双手扣篮。著名歌星Michael Jackson和Michael Jordan合作拍过一部MTV，名字就叫“Jam“。

Jersey:运动员的背心，也作uniform。有些为球队做出过巨大贡献的运动员退役时他的jersey也跟随他一起退役，他的jersey被高悬在球队主场的天花板上，这意味着以后其他运动员不能再使用这件jersey上

的号码了。

Jump ball:跳球；争球。

Jump shot:跳投。也作jumper。K:

Kicking ball:脚踢球。L:

Lane:罚球区，也作free throw lane。篮球刚发明的时侯罚球区是细长的，其宽度比罚球弧的直径还要短，形状就象把钥匙，所以也称之为the key。

Layup:单手上篮。

Ligament:韧带。Cruciate ligament，十字韧带，膝关节中的韧带，是运动员最容易受伤的部位，分anterior cruciate ligament和posterior cruciate ligament。

Live ball:活球。

Locker room:更衣室。

Lottery:确定选秀顺序的过程。以前是通过掷硬币决定，因其不确定性所以称之为“lottery“。

Lockout:因劳资纠纷而停赛。

Loose ball foul:争抢球犯规。

Losing streak:连败纪录。

Low post:低位，三秒区内，篮筐两侧，靠近底线的那部分，俗称内线、篮下。M:

Marquee player:招牌球员。

Matchup:攻防上各个位置的对应关系。

Meniscus:半月板。膝关节中的一块软骨，也是运动员容易受伤的地方之一，我们经常会听到某个运动员因为半月板撕裂而上了伤员名单，几个月不能打球。

Mid West Division:中西部赛区。

MIN:出场时间（分钟）。

Mismacth:错位防守。

Move:移动。这个词在NBA里出现的频率特别高，比如，一个漂亮的移动我们说“Great move!“；后转身的摆脱我们称之为“Spin move“。

MVP:Most Valuable Player，最有价值的运动员。

N: Net:篮网。检验球是否入筐的标志，原Utah的David Benoit在扣篮时，球砸在自己的头上从篮筐中弹出，而且整个过程中球又没有触及篮网，结果进球被判无效。

No.1 pick:状元秀。

No-charge area:进攻有理区。根据去年的新规则在两个篮下各画定一以篮筐的中心为圆心，以4英尺为半径的半圆(虚线)，此区域被称作进攻有理区，在进攻有理区里只有带球撞人而没有阻挡犯规(注：O’Neal修正案除外)。

No-look pass:声东击西的传球。O：

Offense:进攻。形容词形式是offensive(缩写：off.)，可以修饰其它名词，例如offensive rebound就是前场篮板球(进攻篮板球)。

Offical:裁判。

Outlet pass:抢到篮球板后的第一传，一般都是隔场的长传。

Outscore:得分超过对手。

Overtime:加时赛，时间为5分钟。P:

Pacific Division:太平洋赛区。

Paint:三秒区。

Palming:我们常说的二次运球，走步，运球违例动作，也作Carrying the ball。

Pass:传球。Penetration:渗透。

Period:节。

Personal foul:个人犯规。

Pick-and-roll:挡拆战术。篮球中的基本进攻战术之一，进攻队员给持球的队友作掩护英语叫“set a pick“，然后掩护队员向篮下移动叫“roll“，再

接队友的传球，在无人防守的情况下投篮。Pick and Roll是Malone和Stockton的看家本领。以pick为基础衍生出的战术还有pick-and-fade、pick-and-split等。

Pick:掩护。

Pivot:a:以一只脚为中枢脚转动身体改变方向的动作。

b:篮下，通常由中锋控制的区域。

Play 1-5:分别是打组织后卫、攻击后卫、小前锋、大前锋、中锋位置。

Play mind games:攻心战。

Playoff:复赛；季后赛，即常规赛结束后各联盟的前八名的淘汰赛。

Point guard:组织后卫，也作控球后卫。

Position:位置。NBA中运动员被分为三个位置--前锋、中锋、后卫。

Power forward:大前锋，我国常称之为二中锋。

PPGoints per game,平均每场得分。

Preseason games:季前赛。

Press:紧*(防守)。

full-court press，全场紧*；

half-court press，半场紧*。

Pros:职业圈。

PTS:得分数。

Punching foul:击打球犯规。Q:

Quadruple-double:四双。即四项技术统计指标超过两位数。

Quarter:节。一场NBA比赛分四节，每节12分钟。前两节称first-half，后两节称second-half。

Rebound:篮板球(缩写：Reb.)。R:

Rebound:篮板球。

Refree:裁判。

Regular season:常规赛。

Rejection:盖帽。

Reverse:反身的。比如从底线切入后的反身扣篮是reverse dunk。

Rim:篮圈。

Ring：冠军戒指。

Road game:客场。

Rookie:新人，即第一年在NBA打球的运动员。

Run:连续得分。比赛中屏幕上会经常打出某支球队12-0 run in last 4 minutes，就是说这支球队在刚刚过去的4分钟内连得了12分，打了个12比0的小高潮。

Roundup:综述。

RPG:平均每场篮板球。

Runner-up:第二名。

Running game:高速度进攻。S:

Salary Cap:工资上限。

Score:得分。

Scorer得分手。

Scout:球探。

Screen:掩护，同pick。

Scrimmage:训练比赛。

Season:赛季。

Second chance points:二次进攻得分。

Series:轮。

Shot:投篮。

Shot clock:24秒计时器。

Sideline:边线。

Sink a shot:投篮命中。

Sixth man:第六人，即第一个替补上场的队员。

Sky-hook:大勾手。

Slam dunk:重扣，特指双手持球高高跳起的使出吃奶力气的重扣，也可以是单手的重扣，这里slam表示砰的一声，强调扣篮时发出的声音。也作Dunk。

Sleeper:沉睡者（选秀中被忽视，排位靠后但表现突出的新秀）。

Small forward:小前锋。

SPGteals per game,平均每场抢断。

Squad:五人组，篮球队的非正式说法。

Starting-lineup:开场阵容。

Steal:断球；抢断球(缩写：Stl.)。

Strong & conditioning :体能训练。

Strong side:强侧。有球的一侧为强侧。

Substitutes:替补队员。

Suspend:暂时中止运动员上场比赛；禁赛。

Sweep:横扫对手（在某一轮季后赛中全胜）。

Switch:换(防)。T:

Team:夹击。(注：不一定是双人夹击，可以是多人夹击)

Team up:球员参与的社区互助活动。

Team foul:集体犯规。

Teamwork:全队合作。

Technical foul:技术犯规。

Three-point shot:三分投篮。

Three-pointer:三分球。

Three-point play:打三分（投中2分并加罚1分）。

Three-second violation:三秒违例。

Tie:平局；打平。

Timeout:暂停。NBA中有20秒的短暂停(20-second timeout)和100秒的长暂停(regular timeout)。

Timer:计时员。

Tip-in:补篮。

Tipoff:开球。

Tomahawk:战斧式扣篮。

Trade:交换球员。

Trailer:快攻中拖后的球员。

Transition:由攻转守的过程。

Trash talk:场上说脏话。

Traveling:走步违例，也作Walking。

Trip:绊人。

Triple-double:三双，即三项技术统计指标超两位数。

Tripleteam:三人包夹。

Turnover:失误，(缩写：To.)。NBA中专门有一项数据统计叫assist/turnover，是用这个队员助攻数比上他的失误数，这项统计能准确的反映一个组织后卫是否称职。U:

Uniform:制服。篮球运动员的制服当然是背心和短裤了，uniform有时也特指背心。

Unsportsmanship:非体育道德行为。

Uptempo game:高速度进攻。V:

Veteran:老运动员，通常指球龄满一年的球员。NBA非常重视veteran，各球队都把自己的veteran视作一笔财富，veteran这个词在NBA出现的几率是非常高的。

Waive:放弃，中止合同。

War room:作战室（球队的会议室）。

Weak side:弱侧。无球的一侧为弱侧。

Western Conference:西部联盟。

Wide open:开阔，无人防守。大多数情况下战术配合的目的就是给队友制造wide open，以便从容出手。

Windmill:风车式扣篮。

Winning streak:连胜纪录。Z:

Zone:联防；区域防守。也作Zone defense。NBA 各种投篮方式

(slam)dunk：(强力)灌篮

bank shot：擦板球

double pump：拉杆式投篮(verb)

fade-away shot：后仰式跳投

hook shot：钩射投篮

jump shot：跳投

layup：带球上篮

perimeter shot：中距离投篮

set shot：立定投篮

three-point shot：三分球 NBA 各种统计术语

assist：助功

block shot：阻攻，盖火锅儿

defensive rebound：防守篮板球

field goal percentage：投球命中率

field goal：投球命中

free throw percentage：罚球命中率

free throw：罚球offensive rebound：进攻篮板球

rebound：篮板球

scoring：得分

steal：抄截

three-point shot percentage：三分球命中率

turnover：失误场地装备篇

backboard：篮板

back court：后场

freethrow lane：罚球圈，禁区

freethrow line：罚球线

front court：前场

game clock：比赛用时钟

halftime：中场休息时间

hoop：篮框，篮圈

mid-court：中场

net：篮网

painted area：罚球圈，禁区

restricted area near the basket：禁区内篮框下的小圆圈区域

rim：篮框，篮圈

scoring table：记录台，记分台

shot clock：时限钟（进攻方在24秒内必须投篮，并且球必须触及篮框，否则即违例)

three-point line：三分（球）线

top of the circle：靠近禁区顶端之三分（球）线附近

wing：（左、右两边）底线区域规则篇1

blocking foul：阻挡犯规

buzzer：（比赛用的）蜂鸣器（表示时间终了，换人…等）

charging foul：（带球）撞人（犯规）

dead ball：死球（停止比赛进行时段）

defensive basket interference：防守方干扰投篮得分

delay of game：阻碍比赛之正常进行

disqualification：犯满离场，“毕业”

double dribble：两次运球（违例）

ejection：驱逐出场

elbowing：打拐子

expiration(of game, first half…)：(全场比赛，上半场…的比赛)时间终了

first half：上半场规则2：

first(second, third, fourth)period：比赛的第一(第二，第三，第四)节

five ticks left on the(game clock, shot clock…)：(全场比赛，时限钟上…的)时间只剩下5秒钟

flagrant foul：恶性犯规

foul：犯规

foul out：犯满离场，“毕业”

foul trouble：快要犯满离场，“领到一张准毕业证书”

full timeout：全时(100秒的)暂停

goaltending：干扰投篮得分

hand-checking：以手掌推挡对方进攻球员之犯规动作

held ball：持球（双方均持球不放）

illegal defense：防守违例

illegal offense：进攻违例（见isolation）

isolation：四位进攻球员在一边，而由第五位球员单吃对方防守球员

jump ball：争球，跳球

loose ball foul：双方均无持球权时的犯规（通常发生于双方争夺篮板球时）

offensive basket interference：进攻方干扰投篮得分

out of bound：球出界线（千万不要说outside）

overtime：加时赛，延长赛

referee：裁判

second half：下半场

shot clock violation：违反24秒内必须投篮(并且球必须触及篮框)时限之规定

substitute：换人(上场、下场)

suspension：停止出赛（之处罚）

technical foul：技术犯规

ten-second violation：进攻方10秒钟内未带球过中场之违例

three-second violation：（篮下）3秒钟之违例

throw a punch：出拳打架

throw in：发球入场

traveling：（带球）走步

twenty-second timeout：只有20秒钟之暂停

walking：（带球）走步

地震术语英语5篇

第一篇：地震术语英语

第二篇：新闻英语术语

第三篇：服装英语术语

第四篇：术语--采购常用英语

第五篇：NBA英语术语

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