Jiumenkou great wall 九门口长城 英文导游词

第一篇：Jiumenkou great wall 九门口长城 英文导游词

Jiumenkou great wall Hello, every one, welcome to here for your sightseeing.This great wall was situated in the combination of liaoning and hebei provinces.It is located in the lijiabao village in huludao city.It is 12.5km from shanhaiguan in the south, 62.5km from the suizhong city in the east.it is one of the important pass in ming dynasty.It is famous for it is founded on month of jiujiang river.In 2002, the UNESCO titled it as the world cultural relics.In the ancient time, it is called the yipianshi.It is first founded in 1381, and has been rebuild during jintai, longqing, and wanly ages.As it is situated in the low valley, the water runs from west to east, and then to bohai sea.In 1577, some people write “tianxiadiyiguan” here according to the important position it occupied, which means the first pass in the world.Then, the great wall became more and more famous, now, please follow me to visit this special great wall.With a long history, this great wall has suffered a lot, the damage is not from the natural but also from the people, especially for the war.In 1985, 12medias in liaoning called on people to donate to rebuild this great wall according to the inscription put by dengxiaoping in sep, 1984.after 4 years, the rebuilding project was finished in November, 1989.what we see now, is a tablet of merits, the companies and the persons name who have contribute to the rebuilding of the great wall have be carved in it.There are 3 hands holding 3 bricks on the tablet, which means that 30,000,000 liaoning people each donate a brick for its rebuilding.Above the tablet, there carved several characteristics write by dengxiaoping, in English it means that build my great wall and love my country.Below the tablet it is the briefs of jiumenkou and the something about its rebuilding.The whole tablet is designed exquisite and novel, just like a war ship take its voyage against the wind.This is the number 2 stone on the great wall, a part of the stone is still preserved as it was used to be.This is preserved in the big rebuilding project in the 1980s, it now has offered scientific proof for the rebuilding project.The river bed is made up of 12,000 big stones and 4400 iron reams.It made up of a 7700 square meters stone floor.Under this floor there has been put some stones already, and there has been put some wood piles.Now, there still exist some piles, the longest one is 3m and the biggest one’s diameter is 25centimeters.According to the expert, this is the accurate place where the yipianshi used to be.Jiumenkou great wall is quite different from other great wall in China.normally speaking, the great wall would be built along the mountain while this one just cross the river.Each of the city gate is 5m wide, 7m high, the crenel is 10m high, on both of the fort there are 7holes, this structure is quite different compared with others.When in the dry season, the gates were closed to defend the enemies, when in the rainy season, the gates were opened to let out the water, at this time, the view here is quite breathtaking.Jiumenkou great wall is not only large in seize but also quite solid, it can also be compared with the juyong pass and the badalin.The wall is made of bricks, the width in the top is 5m and 6m in the down part, it is 6m high, outside of the wall there are crenels.Inside the wall there are parapets.The defensive equipment here is quite intensive.There are 12 warth towers, 4 bench tables, 4 sentry posts, 2 beacon towers and 1 castle.This is the besieged city, the local people call it water dungeon.It is found in Ming dynasty, it has two function, first, it provide a better place for shoot when the enemies surrounded here, second, it can used to keep the prisoners.This is the great wall tunnel of ming dynasty.When the great wall has been built, they opened a tunnel secretly here.This tunnel is 1027m long, with on entry and two exits, in the tunnel there are 29 caves for different use, such as for store food, weapons, for practice, for eat, and even for offer sacrifices to god.It can hold about 2000people, inside the tunnel, there are drainage system and ventilation, so it can guarantee the soldiers in it can move around freely.The Qing win the war in the ancient time by this tunnel.In 1644, after the peasant insurrectionary army occupied Beijing, they occupied here immediately.However the Qing army can’t defeat them, they catched a soilder of Ming and know the position of this tunnel, so they send soildiers through the tunnel and win the campaign.Apart from that war, in 1922 and 1924, the zhi and feng army fight here too, in the liberation war, the PLA also fight here.

第二篇：九门口长城导游词

九门口，古称一片石，号称京东首关，是明代最重要的关隘之一，作为导游，要做好详细的解说词，介绍给游客了解。下面是小编为大家准备的九门口长城导游词，希望大家喜欢！九门口长城导游词（一）

九门口长城是蓟镇长城上的一个关隘，原称“一片石关”，自明末万历年间修了九座水门之后又称为九门口关，山海关以东的第一个重要关隘，因此古称“京东首关”它始建于明洪武十四年（公元1381年），明景泰和万历年间都复修过。1985年辽宁省人民响应“爱我中华，修我长城”的号召，集资500多万元修复九门口，根据清理城墙基础时发现的九门口建筑档案石碑的记载，按照石碑上的数据进行了修复，使这段长城基本上恢复了它原有的风貌。

东边第一个敌楼以上都是未加修复的600多年前的古长城原貌，敌楼以西是重新修复过的新墙体，全长1980米，西边还有200米的野长城。2002年10月10日九门口长城被联合国教科文组织确定为世界文化遗产地。九门口长城除聚集了万里长城的建筑精华之外，还独有四个奇绝景观。

九门口，古称一片石，明代以前就是京奉之间的交通要道。到明太祖（朱元璋）洪武十四年（1381年），由大将徐达主持修建蓟镇长城。修筑长城后，一片石关被九门口关代替，成为关内外交通的重要门户。1644年，明末农民起义军领袖李自成与吴三桂所引清兵曾在这里展开著名的“一片石之战”。

1922—1924年，直奉两系军阀在此进行拼杀。解放战争时期，解放军也曾浴血激战九门河谷。古今战场轶事使九门口长城更加著名。全国重点文物保护单位。

2002年11月中国唯一的水上长城辽宁九门口长城通过联合国教科文组织的验收，作为长城的一部分正式挂牌成为世界文化遗产。

九江河上的过河桥独具特色，在百米宽的河道上，外用巨大条石包砌起8个梭形桥墩，形成9个水门，城桥上部是高峻的城墙，亦如其他长城墙体。九门口长城过河城桥下的宽阔河床全部用方整的大石块铺成，石与石间用铁腰咬合，形成规整的石铺河床，望去犹如一片石，所以九门口长城又被称为“一片石关”。当地人曾有顺口溜来形容此处地势险要，易守难攻——“十门少一门，门门断人魂，要想出一门，十人九断魂”。

境内长城分为两段：一段位于家堡、永安堡、加碑岩三个乡的西南，全长31公里，建于明洪武十四，属明万里长城主干线。另一段是明万里长城的支线，锥子山向东南的金牛洞，全长13公里。长城巍峨壮观，优美的自然环境如一幅如诗如画的景色，吸引着广大游人。此外，还有前所明代古城，妙峰寺双塔等省级风景区，长城一年四季都可拍摄。春天、秋天拍摄长城是最佳的时节，摄影人可根据情况选择最佳时间拍摄。

据文献记载，九门口长城始建于北齐（公元479—502年），现存的九门口长城始建于明洪武十四年（1381年），其后又进行多次修复。近年来进行考古发掘，出土了铁炮、石炮、青花瓷碗、大缸等大批文物，反映了明代军事防御情况和军士驻守长城的生活。据当地文物部门研究人员介绍，九门口长城拥有一个严整的军事防御体系，在历史上素有“京东首关”之称，是兵家必争之地。明末李自成就是在这里与吴三桂决战时，遭遇清兵夹击而败北的。

九门口长城，因其城桥下有九个泻水城门而得名，水势自西向东直入渤海，气势磅礴、壮观，是自然景观和人文景观的完美结合，因而享有“水上长城”的美誉，2002年被联合国教科文组织评为中国东北地区唯一的世界文化遗产。

九门口，古称一片石，号称京东首关。是明代最重要的关隘之一。它始建于明洪武十四年（公元1381年），岱宗景泰和神宗万历年间均重修过。

明代以前，一片石是一条京—奉之间的交通要道。到了明代洪武十三年，以徐达将军率民兵营修建永平界岭三十二关始建长城。明景泰元年（公元一四五O年）都御史邹来学修喜峰口至一片石。

修建长城后，一片石关北九门口关代替，成为关内关外的重要关卡和门户。明万历五年（公元一五七七年，有人根据九门口的扼要险奇，在西城门额上题下了可以和“天下第一关”相媲美的雅号——京东首关。

九门口长城依山势起伏盘旋升腾，九道水门横跨两山之间，建筑结构独特，防御设施密集，形成城在水上走，水城在城下流之势，称之为“水上长城”。

九门口长城下九个水门，雄伟壮观，在整个万里长城中独一无二。修筑长城历来是遇山而断，雨水而绝，因为凭山水之势可以阻兵。在九门口长城，可见遇山而断景观，更可见雨水而不绝的奇观，上有长城九门，下走九江河水，可谓别具一格，独具风采。

九门口是明长城重要关隘之一，历来是兵家必争之地。明末李自成和吴三桂、直奉两军阀以及我解放军在辽沈战役之中，都在这里生死拼杀。修复后的九门口长城，巍然屹立，气势磅礴，雄伟壮观，再现历史风姿。

第三篇：九门口长城的导游词

九门口长城的导游词

作为一名默默奉献的导游，时常需要编写导游词，借助导游词可以更好地宣传景点，引导游客观光游览。那么你有了解过导游词吗？以下是小编帮大家整理的九门口长城的导游词，欢迎阅读与收藏。

九门口长城是蓟镇长城上的一个关隘，原称“一片石关”，自明末万历年间修了九座水门之后又称为九门口关，山海关以东的第一个重要关隘，因此古称“京东首关”它始建于明洪武十四年（公元1381年），明景泰和万历年间都复修过。1985年辽宁省人民响应“爱我中华，修我长城”的号召，集资500多万元修复九门口，根据清理城墙基础时发现的九门口建筑档案石碑的记载，按照石碑上的数据进行了修复，使这段长城基本上恢复了它原有的风貌。

东边第一个敌楼以上都是未加修复的'600多年前的古长城原貌，敌楼以西是重新修复过的新墙体，全长1980米，西边还有200米的野长城。2002年10月10日九门口长城被联合国教科文组织确定为世界文化遗产地。九门口长城除聚集了万里长城的建筑精华之外，还独有四个奇绝景观。

九门口，古称一片石，号称京东首关。是明代最重要的关隘之一。它始建于明洪武十四年（公元1381年），岱宗景泰和神宗万历年间均重修过。

明代以前，一片石是一条京——奉之间的交通要道。到了明代洪武十三年，以徐达将军率民兵营修建永平界岭三十二关始建长城。明景泰元年（公元一四五O年）都御史邹来学修喜峰口至一片石。

修建长城后，一片石关北九门口关代替，成为关内关外的重要关卡和门户。明万历五年（公元一五七七年，有人根据九门口的扼要险奇，在西城门额上题下了可以和“天下第一关”相媲美的雅号——京东首关。

九门口长城依山势起伏盘旋升腾，九道水门横跨两山之间，建筑结构独特，防御设施密集，形成城在水上走，水城在城下流之势，称之为“水上长城”。

九门口长城下九个水门，雄伟壮观，在整个万里长城中独一无二。修筑长城历来是遇山而断，雨水而绝，因为凭山水之势可以阻兵。在九门口长城，可见遇山而断景观，更可见雨水而不绝的奇观，上有长城九门，下走九江河水，可谓别具一格，独具风采。

九门口是明长城重要关隘之一，历来是兵家必争之地。修复后的九门口长城，巍然屹立，气势磅礴，雄伟壮观，再现历史风姿。

九门口，古称一片石，明代以前就是京奉之间的交通要道。到明太祖（朱元璋）洪武十四年（1381年），由大将徐达主持修建蓟镇长城。修筑长城后，一片石关被九门口关代替，成为关内外交通的重要门户。

1922—1924年，直奉两系军阀在此进行拼杀。解放战争时期，人民解放军也曾浴血激战九门河谷。古今战场轶事使九门口长城更加著名。全国重点文物保护单位。

2002年11月中国唯一的水上长城辽宁九门口长城通过联合国教科文组织的验收，作为长城的一部分正式挂牌成为世界文化遗产。

九江河上的过河桥独具特色，在百米宽的河道上，外用巨大条石包砌起8个梭形桥墩，形成9个水门，城桥上部是高峻的城墙，亦如其他长城墙体。九门口长城过河城桥下的宽阔河床全部用方整的大石块铺成，石与石间用铁腰咬合，形成规整的石铺河床，望去犹如一片石，所以九门口长城又被称为“一片石关”。当地人曾有顺口溜来形容此处地势险要，易守难攻——“十门少一门，门门断人魂，要想出一门，十人九断魂”。

境内长城分为两段：一段位于家堡、永安堡、加碑岩三个乡的西南，全长31公里，建于明洪武十四，属明万里长城主干线。另一段是明万里长城的支线，锥子山向东南的金牛洞，全长13公里。长城巍峨壮观，优美的自然环境如一幅如诗如画的景色，吸引着广大游人。此外，还有前所明代古城，妙峰寺双塔等省级风景区，长城一年四季都可拍摄。春天、秋天拍摄长城是最佳的时节，摄影人可根据情况选择最佳时间拍摄。

据文献记载，九门口长城始建于北齐，现存的九门口长城始建于明洪武十四年（1381年），其后又进行多次修复。近年来进行考古发掘，出土了铁炮、石炮、青花瓷碗、大缸等大批文物，反映了明代军事防御情况和军士驻守长城的生活。据当地文物部门研咳嗽苯樯埽九门口长城拥有一个严整的军事防御体系，在历史上素有“京东首关”之称，是兵家必争之地。

九门口长城，因其城桥下有九个泻水城门而得名，水势自西向东直入渤海，气势磅礴、壮观，是自然景观和人文景观的完美结合，因而享有“水上长城”的美誉，2002年被联合国教科文组织评为中国东北地区唯一的世界文化遗产。

第四篇：九门口长城导游词(共8篇)

篇一：九门口长城导游词 九门口水上长城导游词

各位游客：

你们好！我是导游王俪竹。今天我们所要浏览的景点是九门口水上长城。

九门口水上长城位于辽宁省绥中县境内，是明代长城中最重要的关隘之一，因横跨九江河口并建有九座泄水城门而得名。这里山峦叠翠，流水环带，长城随山势蜿蜒起伏，松柏花木夹杂其间，是自然景观与人文景观的完美结合，2002年被联合国教科文组织评为世界物质文化遗产地。

九门口长曾经破败不堪，1985年在邓小平同志的号召下进行了修复，才是我们今天见到的样子。

九门口长城非常独特和壮观，它附近的军事防御体系中建有敌楼、哨所、烽火台、战台、营台、信台等设施二十余处，具有建筑结构种类多，变化大，军事设施密集的明代筑城特点。

我就给大家介绍到这里，下面请大家沿着城墙向上面游览吧。

篇二：九门口水上长城 天津到葫芦岛四日游：

第二天：灵山寺：简介：灵山中灵山寺建于清嘉庆十一年（1807年）。从葫芦岛火车站站前坐3路到汽配城下车，之后从葫芦岛客运总站坐到龙王山子的车可以直接到达灵山寺（凉水井子），早晨最早一班是7:10，回程最晚是13:20，门票：50元，学生半价。然后原路返回。

方案一（公交车）

1、盘锦站--兴隆台

（在盘锦火车站坐1路公交车到兴隆台步行街下车，票价2元，时间30分钟）

2、兴隆台——大洼

（下车到对面坐到大洼的客车，票价3元，时间30分钟）

3、大洼——赵圈河

方案三（线路车）

回程：盘锦直达天津站的火车16:08—22:44住宿：99连锁店，火车站店

葫芦岛市里吃饭比较不错的地方时：富士山烧烤，从火车站打车大概五块钱（起步价的钱）。

篇三：25 葫芦岛九门口长城 葫芦岛九门口水上长城 [功德碑] 九门口长城曾因遭受几百年的风蚀以及人为的破坏，特别是经战火的摧残，一度破败不堪。1985年，辽宁省12家新闻单位根据邓小平同志1948年9月的题词爱我中华，修我长城，号召全省人民集资修复九门口长城。历经约4年，工程于1989年11月底竣工，使得九门口长城重新屹立于九江河口上。[水上长城] 这是九门口长城的第二号城桥墩石。它有一部分是出土时的原貌，是20世纪80年代大规模修复时保留下来的，这为按照历史原貌修复九门口城桥提供了科学依据。城桥下面的河床是用1.2万块巨型条石和4400块燕尾铁铰扣连在一起的，形成了近7700平方米的板石铺成的过水河套。据专家论证，这里就是史书上记载的一片石的准确位置。

九门口长城独具特色，是中国万里长城中唯一的水上长城。一般说来，长城绝大多数是依山而筑，逢山而过，遇水而断。而九门口长城正好与此相反，遇水而过，遇山而断。它横跨两山之间，有九座泄水城门。城门上架起了一条横跨九江河口的巨大水上城桥，城桥两端筑有围城，犹如桥头堡一般。这是长城中少见的结构。枯水季节关门以御敌;洪水期开门以泄水，澎湃的河水像九条狂龙冲泻而下，形成了城在水上修，水在城中流的奇观，在整个万里长城建筑中是独一无二的，别具风采。

九门口长城修筑得十分高大坚固，与北京北面的居庸关、八达岭相似。九门口一带长城防御设施完备，敌楼密集，在不到2公里的范围内，有敌楼12座，战台4座，哨所4座，烽火台2座，城堡1座，构成了极为完整、严谨的军事防御工程，可见九门口所处位置十分重要。

[长城隧道] 这是明长城隧道。当年徐达奉旨修筑九门口段长城竣工后，根据九门口所处的险要地理位置，设计开掘出一条从长城内侧校军场不经九门城关，而秘密直通关外的山中暗道。[战争轶事] 九门口两边的山峰陡峭，中间的大峡谷像个细长的葫芦，易守难攻。由于这里是入关必经之路，所以历来是兵家必争之地。当地曾有这样几句话形容九门口之险峻：十门少一门，门门断人魂，要想进九门，十人九断魂。

除了明末李自成与吴三桂在九门口展开一片石大战外，1922年至1924年，直、奉两系军阀在此进行过你死我活的拼杀；解放战争期间，解放军为打通关内 外走廊直取京津，也曾浴血激战九门口。

如今，仰望这段建于水上的巍峨长城和历经风霜的古关，回顾过去那可歌可泣的历史，怎不激起人们的悠悠思古之情!篇四：葫芦岛九门口长城 葫芦岛九门口长城

各位游客：

你们好！今天我们所要浏览的景点是九门口水上长城，aaa级旅游景区，是东北地区最早成为世界物质文化遗产地。九门口水上长城位于葫芦岛市绥中县境内。大家熟知的“航空英雄”杨利伟，就是我们辽宁绥中县的人。

我们现在距离九门口长城大约还有30分钟的车程。我在这里简要地介绍一下景区概况。象征中华民族悠久历史和灿烂文化的万里长城，千百年来屹立于崇山峻岭之上，穿行于名山大川之间，其工程之宏大，历史之悠久，堪称世界上最古老的伟大建筑之一，更是全人娄的宝贵财富。如果把长城比作一条彩带的话呢，那么九门口水上长城就是镶嵌在彩带上的一朵鲜艳的夺目的明珠！

九门口水上长城，古名“一片石”，它是是明代长城中最重要的关隘之一，号称“京东首东”，因横踌九江河口并筑有九座泄水城门而得名。这里的“城在水上走，水在城下流”是自然景观与人文景观的完美结合，20002年被联合国教科文组织评为世界物质文化遗产地。

汽车行驶过了前边这道石柱牌楼，就到了景点的大门口，我们在这里下车，请记住我们乘坐的车牌号和停车位置。

大家这边看，长城经过几百年的风蚀，受大自然与人为的破坏，又饱经战火摧残的九门口关曾破败不堪，1985年辽宁省12家新闻单位根据邓小平同志1984年9月的题词：“爱我中华，修我长城”，发起号召全省人民集资修复九门口长城的活动，整个修复活动历经4年，工程于1989年11月底峻工，使得九门口长城重新屹立于九江河口上。大家这边看，这里矗立着一座功德碑，上面刻着集资募捐的单位和个人的名字，以此来表示对他们的感谢，我们看到这主碑上三个巨型手臂上托着三块城砖，寓意为当时辽宁三千万人民每人奉献一块砖。碑的正面上方刻着“爱我中华，爱我长城”几个金光闪闪的邓小平同志手书的大字。下面是九门口长城修复记，旁边是九门口简介，整座纪念碑群设计巧妙，新颖别致，像一艘战舰扬帆远航。

九门口长城第二号城桥墩石部分是出土原貌，在这次大规模修复时予以保留，体现了文物保护“修旧如旧”的原则，它为如何按历史原貌修复九门口城桥提供了依据。历史上城桥下面的河床是用120000块巨型条石和4400块燕尾铁铰扣连在一起，而形成近7700平方米的板石铺过水河套。据专家论证，这就是史书上记载的“一片石”准确位置，它的主要作用是保护城桥的。现在这里大部分条石是修复后的石块，这还保存有一个燕尾铁铰扣，请大家观看一下吧！然后我们登城。

九门口长城有九座泄水城门，城门上架起一条横跨九江河口的巨大水上城桥，城桥两端筑有围城，犹如桥头堡一般，九座水门各宽5米，高7米，垛口高10米，两座围城各有7个券洞，是长城中少见的结构，里砖外石，高大雄伟，使九门口长城更为独特和壮观，它附近的军事防御体系中建有敌楼、哨所、烽火台、战台、营台、信台等设施二十余处，具有建筑结构种类多，变化大，军事设施密集的明代筑城特点，恢宏壮观，可谓一座险关。因些，我们著名的长城专家、国家文物局的罗哲文教授说：“九门口长城的建筑形式和军事防御设施在万里长城中实属罕见”。

我们登上城桥，到这边来看，这是围城，当地老百姓俗称它为“水牢”，它是九门口城桥在明代天启六年后加修的防御设施。它具备两种功能：一是当敌兵攻至城下时，围城下面的射击孔和城上垛口可形成上下左右交叉兵力，消灭来犯之敌；二是用来看守俘虏之用。九门口水上长城由于地处关内外咽喉要道，历来为兵家必争这地，明末李自成与吴三桂在这里有过“一片石大战”；1922年至1928年，直、奉两系军阀也在此进行过你死我活的拼杀；解放战争期间，解放军为打通关内外走廊直取京津，也曾浴血激战九门口。战争轶事使得九门口长城更富传奇色彩而闻名于世。

我就给大家介绍到这里，下面大家可能沿着城墙向上面游览，40分钟后，我们在停车场集合。

篇五：葫芦岛九门口长城 葫芦岛九门口长城

jiumenkou great wall is a 3a scenic spot and is the earliest one to put into the world tangible cultural heritage list in 2002.it’s located in the suizhong county of huludao city, where the well-known aviation hero yang li wei was born.this section of the great wall used to be in ruins through hundreds of years’ wind erosion, wars, and other natural damages.what we see today is something that has gone through 4 years’ renovation since 1985 to 1989.the monument over there was carved with the names of the donors who donated for the renovation project to show the appreciation to them.we can see the three arms carrying three bricks on the main tablet.it means that every one of the three million people in liaoning province has contributed to the some of the base stones of the second city bridge are original, not replaced by any modern ones during the renovation.this offered references for rebuilding the jiumenkou great wall in the original way.down below the water, the riverbed was covered with 120 thousand huge stone slabs connected by 4400 special fixtures.the main purpose to build this is to protect the bridge.now, let’s take a brief look at these.later, we are going to climb the great wall.the two fortresses we have mentioned, on the two ends, have two practical functions.fist, their embrasures and crenels can enable the soldiers to shoot in all directions.second, the captives can be kept there.as the jiumenkou great wall was built at a crucial pass, many people have ever fought for it, including ‘the battle of a patch a rocks’ led by li zi cheng and wu san gui, the battles of the warlords of zhi and feng, and so forth.wars happened here made it even more famous and legendary.jiumenkou great wall differs from other sections of the great wall most for it’s built by the river, instead of mountains.we tended to built the great wall by the mountain for the convinience to keep more soldiers, while this section is an exception.so, maybe that ’s what makes it unique.篇六：辽宁省导游词概况

辽宁共有14个省辖市，省会设在沈阳。全省总面积14.8万平方公里，总人口4374万。

辽宁省属于温带大陆性季风气候，夏季多为偏南风，炎热短促，冬季多为偏北风，寒冷稍长。

辽宁历史悠久，古文化源远流长，是中华民族灿烂文化的发祥地之一。8000年前的中华龙在阜新诞生，7000年前的太阳鸟在沈阳腾飞，朝阳牛河梁红山文化又把中华5000年文明推向一个新的高峰。

“辽远也，远在九州以东。”因此辽宁最早叫辽东。战国时期归属燕国，根据当时的习惯山南水北谓之阳，因在太子河北面所以被称为辽阳。在清代被称为盛京、奉天。民国初期仍沿袭清制，直到1929年东北易帜后由张学良改称辽宁，取辽河流域永远安宁之意。

东北三大名山：千山708米、医巫闾山867米、长白山（吉林）

现在沈阳造币厂生产硬币。

协调合作，遵守纪律是现代化大生产的必备素质，从而培养出辽宁人宽容、质朴、勤勉的性格，因此辽宁人会无遮无拦、不加掩饰的把喜怒哀乐传递给你。辽宁是出总理的地方，周恩来少年时代曾在铁岭、沈阳读书求学，李鹏、温家宝、李克强都曾在辽宁工作过。

沈阳国际冰雪旅游节，大连啤酒节、国际服装节，鞍山千山国际旅游节，抚顺满族文化旅游节等节会活动异彩纷呈，深受中外游客欢迎。

多年来，辽宁旅游业迅速发展，已成为中国旅游大省。全省14个省辖市全部进入中国优秀旅游城市行列，大连荣获“中国最佳旅游城市”称号。

美丽的辽东半岛，多彩的辽西走廊，辽宁人民热诚邀请您共赏满韵清风，同游多彩辽宁！

【车上讲解】在古时候，文人游山玩水的时候，总是把最具特色且美好的事物形容为天下第一，咱们参观的下一个景点就是天下第一关，它是明代万里长城的精华所在和重要的组成部分。天下第一关始建于明洪武十四年，距今已经有600多个春秋了，这里是朝鲜等国入贡和商旅往来的重要通道，平时城门大开供车马人流通行，战时城门紧闭固若金汤，有一夫当关、万夫莫开之势。在景区我的讲解到牧营楼就结束了，我会给大家留出自由活动的时间，所以大家在景区听讲解时不要乱跑，不然可能会耽误您的行程的。还有在景区人多繁杂，一定要保管好贵重物品，一会按原路返回，记住咱们的车牌号和停车地点。

【箭窗】现在我们看到的呢，叫做箭窗，北东南三面为共开设68孔箭窗,这些箭窗平时关闭，战时开启，是战时射箭之用。箭窗为红底白环黑靶心，鲜艳醒目。现在谁能告诉我为什么要设计成红底白环黑靶心的形式呢？??好了现在由我来告诉大家：在当时天下第一关城楼刚建成后，它的屋檐上总是会停着许多飞鸟而这些箭窗平时关闭，战士开启的。开启时飞鸟就会扑楞楞的乱飞，就会影响军情。所以当时的科学家就想出了一个好办法，就是把箭窗设计成红底白环黑靶心的样子。它们就像一只只眼睛看着飞鸟，使飞鸟不敢靠前。所以说明朝时的古人还是很聪明的嘛！

在复原图下陈列的这把大刀叫青龙偃月刀，净重83公斤。据说在古代考武状元时的第一项就是看考生能不能舞动这把大刀，过了这一关，才有资格继续下面的考试。在两侧陈列的是明清时代的兵器和满族的八旗服饰，请大家自由参观。

【瓮城】大家请回头往东看，眼前的这个城圈叫瓮城，原来四个城门之外均有瓮城，现在只有眼前的瓮城保存完好。瓮城的规模不大，但是有很重要的作用。既可以登临其上可环视四野，注视城外的动态，又可三面御敌与墙外，对关城起保护作用。

【大炮】大家看到这尊铁铸火炮是明崇祯16年铸造，炮身长2.7米，重5000斤。在当时的冷兵器时代作用非常巨大，备受将士爱戴，取名为神威大将军。

【牧营楼】牧营楼建筑面积119平方米，楼高10.5米，砖木结构，楼上下辟有20个箭窗，为加强瞭望和士兵休息之用，易守难攻。

好了，我的讲解到此结束了，大家可以自由活动了，记住时间，原路返回。

秦皇岛的地理位置是它成为了历代的军事要地，曾发生过许多战争，如李志成与吴三桂之战、军阀冯国璋与军阀张作霖之战（直奉战争）、东北抗日联军在此英勇抗击日本侵略者等等。因此，秦皇岛自古以来便有了“北京的咽喉之地“一称。

天下第一关始建于明洪武十四年，也就是1381年距今已经有620年历史了明初建关时，这里是朝鲜等国入贡和商旅往来的重要通道，平时城门大开供车马人流通行，战时紧闭固若金汤，大有一夫当关、万夫莫开之势。

现在展现我们面前的，就是天下第一关城楼了，天下第一关城楼也叫镇东楼，俗称箭楼。楼高13.7米，分上下两层，地层西面为对开的红漆木质大门，上层为木制的隔扇门窗，其余的北东南三面为共开设68孔箭窗,这些箭窗平时关闭，战时开启，是战时射箭之用。它是坐东面西，其建筑形式采用了我国传统的砖木结构，天下第一关的建筑形式采用了九脊歇山式重檐顶，这种建筑形式的等级较高，是仅次与皇宫和庙宇的建筑格式。现在大家看，在天下第一关城楼上最引人注目的是什么，我想大家都会说就是这块天下第一关巨匾了，天下第一关匾长5.8米，宽1.55米，其中的一个一字就长1.09米，繁写的关字右边的一竖就长1.45米。您看着一字虽有一笔却不显单薄，关字右边的一竖笔画虽多却不显臃肿，五个大字安放合理，与这座建筑浑然一体。

后，阿谀奉承；坐地分赃在石兽之末，干什么都没有它的分，急的够呛，这真是各怀心腹事尽在不言中。倒霉的皇帝都走投无路，何况这些大臣呢。大家抬头可以看到这群显赫一时、高高在上的人物只好站在脊头，饱受风吹雨淋，酷暑严寒，让游人注目了。这些异兽都是古代传说中的瑞兽，他们不但有消灾解祸的作用还是吉祥的象征。但这种小兽也是有等级之分

现在我们面前的彩画叫做旋子彩画，它是属于中国古典彩画的范畴之内的，它的等级也比较高，是仅次于皇宫和庙宇所使用的彩画的。中国的古典彩画分为三种，第一种，也是等级最高的叫做和玺彩画，主要是用于皇宫和庙宇的主殿建筑格式，第二种就是我们面前的旋子彩画，还有一种呢？叫做苏式彩画，它是采用花鸟鱼虫作为基底的。

好现在随我一起来看原匾，大家小心脚下门槛，大家要注意啊，遇见门槛要迈过，象征走过人生的坎坎坷坷。

有东门即天下第一关城楼保存最完整，始建于明洪武十四年。

大家请回头往东看，眼前的这个城圈叫瓮城，原来四个城门之外均有瓮城，现在只有眼前的瓮城保存完好。瓮城的规模不大，但是有很重要的作用。一是对关城起保护作用。登临其上可环视四野，士卒昼夜注视城外的动态，有警立即传报，敌人入侵靠近，又可三面御敌与墙外，即使敌人进入瓮城，也可将关门设为二道防线。以四城为堡垒制敌于翁中。二是从建筑上看，城外瓮城回护，形成重城回守之势，坚固、雄伟，充分表现了长城防御工程的特色。

请看您右边的这一片古建筑就是龙武营，是当年守城士兵的住所。您所看到的是碾房，里面有石碾，石磨，是从前碾米、磨面用的。老辈人一定觉得亲切，至今许多农村里仍有使用。对面就是粥房，看起来像一个大食堂。这口大锅就是当年驻扎在这里的士兵烧饭用的，深1.9米，可一次供1500位士兵食粥。

这里还有马厩，牢房，粮仓等，无比清晰地展现了那个遥远年代的营地格局。您一定发现了营地牢房的木栏间隔很大，几乎可以随便进出，原因在于这里的牢房用来关押违反军纪的士兵，并不是囚禁犯人的。中间的这口水井是当时方圆十几里惟一的一口甜水井，常年派士兵把守，以保护盒保证驻地的日常饮用。最后您看到的叫做云盘，它是云朵的形状，故而得名，通过敲击次数的不同表达不同的命令，以规范士兵的作息生活。

在龙武营的大院里，还有明朝重要的军事家戚继光将军的兵阵馆，内有微缩的兵阵雕塑，形象生动逼真。有兴趣的朋友们可以仔细观察一下，看看这些曾经打出了江山，改写了历史的兵器，究竟有什么独特之处。

现在，您看到的是辕门。据考证，辕门就是用车辕子搭起的门。春秋、战国时期，诸侯、国君巡视、狩猎，在外面搭营住宿，出入口仰起两车，使车辕子相对，像门的样子，所以又叫辕门。以后历代均应的门都叫辕门。这里的辕门样式是明代的。大家请看上面刻着“龙武营”三个大字。

请大家看，左首的就是将台，明代的时候，这里的将台帐篷是纯牛皮的，但因为多年的 战火毁坏，现在看到的已经是仿制品了。

在我们面前的是登城坡道，这条宽广的坡道，名叫“马道”，是守城的兵马上下的通道。清朝的5位皇帝先后11次来老龙头巡视，那时候这条坡道叫做“御道”，道中间铺上红毡，皇帝从红毡上缓步走上城头，沿途接受两旁群臣的膜拜。现在请大家亲自体会一下兵马跃关，皇帝登城的感觉吧！

这块碑在八国联军侵华时全被侵略者给毁坏了。在古代皇帝是九五至尊，神圣不可侵犯，他的东西也是被人供奉，可八国联军不屑一顾轻易就给毁坏了。可见当时我国国力弱小，“人为刀俎，我为鱼肉”，任人宰割。“落后就要挨打”，这段屈辱的历史让中国人牢牢地记住了这句话。

大家看到的是“一勺之多”碑，我们刚才看到乾隆的那首诗就是由此意而来，细心的游 客可以看得出这块碑是由两块拼接而成，上半是重修老龙头时打捞上来的，下半部分是仿制的，两个半块拼接而成。

我们现在看到的是这些用玻璃罩起来的土墙是真正的明代土城墙，又叫“夯土墙”。别看它貌不惊人，可是它十分坚固，再锋利的兵器，那它也没有办法，凡是它就怕拿水反复地蹭，水一蹭土就纷纷掉落。所以人们说它“怕软不怕硬”。

咱们可以看到每块巨石的角上都有几个凹槽。这些凹槽叫做“燕尾槽”。槽内浇铸铁水，利用独特的榫卯结构将两块巨石连接起来。这最好地体现了古代劳动人民精湛高超的建筑工艺。

各位游客，我们现在看到的这个巨大的牌坊是由汉白玉砌成，琉璃瓦顶，装饰得很精巧，前书“安澜”，后书“优波”这表达了人们祈求风平浪静，行船安全的愿望。

第五篇：英文导游词长城

The Great Wall

The Great Wall, like the Pyramids of Egypt, the Taj Mahal(1)in India and the Hanging Garden of Babylon(2), is one of the great wonders of the world.Starting out in the east on the banks of the Yalu River in Liaoning Province, the Wall stretches westwards for 12,700 kilometers to Jiayuguan in the Gobi desert, thus known as the Ten Thousand Li Wall in China.The Wall climbs up and down, twists and turns along the ridges of the Yanshan and Yinshan Mountain Chains through five provinces--Liaoning, Hebei, Shanxi, Shaanxi, and Gansu--and two autonomous regions--Ningxia and Inner Mongolia, binding the northern China together.Historical records trace the construction of the origin of the Wall to defensive fortification back to the year 656 B.C.during the reign of King Cheng of the States of Chu.Its construction continued throughout the Warring States period in the fifth Century B.C.when ducal states Yan, Zhao, Wei, and Qin were frequently plundered by the nomadic peoples living north of the Yinshan and Yanshan mountain ranges.Walls, then, were built separately by these ducal states to ward off such harassments.Later in 221 B.C., when Qin conquered the other states and unified China, Emperor Qinshihuang ordered the connection of these individual walls and further extensions to form the basis of the present great wall.As a matter of fact, a separate outer wall was constructed north of the Yinshan range in the Han Dynasty(206 BC--1644 BC.), which went to ruin through years of neglect.In the many intervening centuries, succeeding dynasties rebuilt parts of the Wall.The most extensive reinforcements and renovations were carried out in the Ming Dynasty(1368--1644)when altogether 18 lengthy stretches were reinforced with bricks and rocks.it is mostly the Ming Dynasty Wall that visitors see today.The Great Wall is divided into two sections, the east and west, with Shanxi Province as the dividing line.The west part is a rammed earth construction, about 5.3 meters high on average.In the eastern part, the core of the Wall is rammed earth as well, but the outer shell is reinforced with bricks and rocks.The most imposing and best preserved sections of the Great Wall are at Badaling and Mutianyu, not far from Beijing and both are open to visitors.The Wall of those sections is 7.8 meters high and 6.5 meters wide at its base, narrowing to 5.8 meters on the ramparts, wide enough for five horses to gallop abreast.There are ramparts, embrasures, peep-holes and apertures for archers on the top, besides gutters with gargoyles to drain rain-water off the parapet walk.Two-storied watch-towers are built at approximately 400-meters internals.The top stories of the watch-tower were designed for observing enemy movements, while the first was used for storing grain, fodder, military equipment and gunpowder as well as for quartering garrison soldiers.The highest watch-tower at Badaling standing on a hill-top, is reached only after a steep climb, like “climbing a ladder to heaven”.The view from the top is rewarding, hoverer.The Wall follows the contour of mountains that rise one behind the other until they finally fade and merge with distant haze.A signal system formerly existed that served to communicate military information to the dynastic capital.This consisted of beacon towers on the Wall itself and on mountain tops within sight of the Wall.At the approach of enemy troops, smoke signals gave the alarm from the beacon towers in the daytime and bonfire did this at night.Emergency signals could be relayed to the capital from distant places within a few hour long before the invention of anything like modern communications.There stand 14 major passes(Guan, in Chinese)at places of strategic importance along the Great Wall, the most important being Shanghaiguan and Jiayuguan.Yet the most impressive one is Juyongguan, about 50 kilometers northwest of Beijing.Known as “Tian Xia Di YI Guan”(The First Pass Under Heaven), Shanghaiguan Pass is situated between two sheer cliffs forming a neck connecting north China with the northeast.It had been, therefore, a key junction contested by all strategists and many famous battles were fought here.It was the gate of Shanghaiguan that the Ming general Wu Sangui opened to the Manchu army to suppress the peasant rebellion led by Li Zicheng and so surrendered the whole Ming empire to the Manchus, leading to the foundation of the Qing Dynasty.(1644-1911)Jiayuguan Pass was not so much as the “Strategic pass Under the Heaven” as an important communication center in Chinese history.Cleft between the snow-capped Qilian Mountains and the rolling Mazong Mountains, it was on the ancient Silk Road.Zhang Qian, the first envoy of Emperor Wu Di of the Western Han dynasty(206 B.C-24 A.D), crossed it on his journey to the western regions.Later, silk flowed to the west through this pass too.The gate-tower of Jiayuguan is an attractive building of excellent workmanship.It has an inner city and an outer city, the former square in shape and surrounded by a wall 11.7 meters high and 730 meters in circumference.It has two gates, an eastern one and a western one.On each gate sits a tower facing each other.the four corners of the wall are occupied by four watch towers, one for each.Juyongguan, a gateway to ancient Beijing from Inner Mongolia, was built in a 15-kilometer long ravine flanked by mountains.The cavalrymen of Genghis Khan swept through it in the 13th century.At the center of the pass is a white marble platform named the Cloud terrace, which was called the Crossing-Street Dagoba, since its narrow arch spanned the main street of the pass and on the top of the terrace there used to be three stone dagobas, built in the Yuan Daynasty(1206-1368).At the bottom of the terrace is a half-octagonal arch gateway, interesting for its wealth of detail: it is decorated with splendid images of Buddha and four celestial guardians carved on the walls.The vividness of their expressions is matched by the exquisite workmanship.such grandiose relics works, with several stones pieced together, are rarely seen in ancient Chinese carving.The gate jambs bear a multi-lingual Buddhist sutra, carved some 600 years ago in Sanskrit(3), Tibetan, Mongolian, Uigur(4), Han Chinese and the language of Western Xia.Undoubtedly, they are valuable to the study of Buddhism and ancient languages.As a cultural heritage, the Wall belongs not only to China but to the world.The Venice charter says: “Historical and cultural architecture not only includes the individual architectural works, but also the urban or rural environment that witnessed certain civilizations, significant social developments or historical events.” The Great Wall is the largest of such historical and cultural architecture, and that is why it continues to be so attractive to people all over the world.In 1987, the Wall was listed by UNESCO as a world cultural heritage site.Notes:1.the Taj Mahal in India 印度的泰姬陵2.the Hanging Garden of Babylon 巴比伦的空中花园3.Sanskrit 梵语4.Uigur 维吾尔语

There stand 14 major passes(Guan, in Chinese)at places of strategic importance along the Great Wall, the most important being Shanghaiguan and Jiayuguan.Yet the most impressive one is Juyongguan, about 50 kilometers northwest of Beijing.Known as “Tian Xia Di YI Guan”(The First Pass Under Heaven), Shanghaiguan Pass is situated between two sheer cliffs forming a neck connecting north China with the northeast.It had been, therefore, a key junction contested by all strategists and many famous battles were fought here.It was the gate of Shanghaiguan that the Ming general Wu Sangui opened to the Manchu army to suppress the peasant rebellion led by Li Zicheng and so surrendered the whole Ming empire to the Manchus, leading to the foundation of the Qing Dynasty.(1644-1911)Jiayuguan Pass was not so much as the “Strategic pass Under the Heaven” as an important communication center in Chinese history.Cleft between the snow-capped Qilian Mountains and the rolling Mazong Mountains, it was on the ancient Silk Road.Zhang Qian, the first envoy of Emperor Wu Di of the Western Han dynasty(206 B.C-24 A.D), crossed it on his journey to the western regions.Later, silk flowed to the west through this pass too.The gate-tower of Jiayuguan is an attractive building of excellent workmanship.It has an inner city and an outer city, the former square in shape and surrounded by a wall 11.7 meters high and 730 meters in circumference.It has two gates, an eastern one and a western one.On each gate sits a tower facing each other.the four corners of the wall are occupied by four watch towers, one for each.Juyongguan, a gateway to ancient Beijing from Inner Mongolia, was built in a 15-kilometer long ravine flanked by mountains.The cavalrymen of Genghis Khan swept through it in the 13th century.At the center of the pass is a white marble platform named the Cloud terrace, which was called the Crossing-Street Dagoba, since its narrow arch spanned the main street of the pass and on the top of the terrace there used to be three stone dagobas, built in the Yuan Daynasty(1206-1368).At the bottom of the terrace is a half-octagonal arch gateway, interesting for its wealth of detail: it is decorated with splendid images of Buddha and four celestial guardians carved on the walls.The vividness of their expressions is matched by the exquisite workmanship.such grandiose relics works, with several stones pieced together, are rarely seen in ancient Chinese carving.The gate jambs bear a multi-lingual Buddhist sutra, carved some 600 years ago in Sanskrit(3), Tibetan, Mongolian, Uigur(4), Han Chinese and the language of Western Xia.Undoubtedly, they are valuable to the study of Buddhism and ancient languages.As a cultural heritage, the Wall belongs not only to China but to the world.The Venice charter says: “Historical and cultural architecture not only includes the individual architectural works, but also the urban or rural environment that witnessed certain civilizations, significant social developments or historical events.” The Great Wall is the largest of such historical and cultural architecture, and that is why it continues to be so attractive to people all over the world.In 1987, the Wall was listed by UNESCO as a world cultural heritage site.故宫 hello, everyone，we are now going to pay a visit to a place of special interest.this scenic spot is located at the center of beijing and is characterized by thousands of palatial architectures and purple walls as well as yellow glazed tile roofs-it is simply a sea of palaces.this is the world – famous wonder – the palace museum.the palace museum has served as the royal residence during the ming and qing dynasties.it was here that a total of 24 monarchs ascended the throne and wielded power for some 500 years.the palace museum, as the most beautiful spot of interest throughout beijing, is unique for its location: to the northwest is beihai(north sea)park, famous for its white pagoda and rippling lake;to the west is the zhongnahai(central and south sea);to the east lies the the wangfujing shopping street;and to the north id jinshan park.standing in the wanchun(everlasting spring)pavilion at the top of jingshan(charcoal hill)park, you overlook the skyline of the palace museum.at the southern end of the palace is tian` anmen(gate of heavenly peace)and the famous square named after it.this is the symbol of the people` s republic of china.a world-famous historical site, the palace museum is on the world heritage list of unesco and is an embodiment of oriental civilization.the palace museum is rectangular in shape, 960 meters long from north to south and 750 meters wide from east to west, covering a space of 720,000 square meters of which 150,000 is building area.it has 9000-strong rooms in it.according to legend there are 9999.5 room-units in all.the whole compound is enclosed by a 10-meter-hign wall and is accessed through four entrances, namely, the meridian gate in the south ,the gate of military prowess in the north, donghua(eastern flowery)gate in the north, donghua(eastern flowery)gate in the east and xihua(western flowery)gate in the west.on each corner there is a turret consisted of 9 roof beams, 18 pillars and 72 ridge.encircling the compound there is a 3,800-meter-long and 52 meter-wide moat, making the palace museum a self-defensive city-within-a city.the palace museum was made a center of rule during the ming dynasty by zhun di, the fourth son of the founding emperor zhuyuanzhang.the whole complex straddles on an 8-kilometers-long central axis that stretches from yongding(forever stable)gate in the south to gulou(drum tower)in the north.prominence was given to the royal power by putting the ―three main front halls‖ and ―three back halls ‖on the axis while arrange other subsidiary structure around them.the construction of the palace museum involved manpower and resources across china.for example, the bricks laid in the halls ,known as ―gold brick, ‖ underwent complex, two –dozen processes.as the final touch ,the fired bricks were dipped in chinese wood oil.involving complicated processes and high cost, these brick are called ―golden bricks.‖ the palace museum serves as a living embodiment of good tradition and styles unique to china` s ancient architecture.it reflects to the full the ingenuity and creativity of the chinese working people.a carefully preserved and complete group of royal residences, the palace museum is a prominent historical and tourist site.what we are now approaching is the main entrance to the palace museum-the meridian gate, which is characterized by red walls, yellow glazed –tile roofs and upturned eaves.on top of this walls, yellow glazed-tile roofs and upturned eaves.on top of this magnificent building ,there stand five lofty halls with a main hall in the center.the main hall is roofed by multiple eaves and covers a space of 9 room-units.it is flanked by two wings on each side.the wings are square in shape ,complete with multiple and four edged eaves and pinnacles.all of these structures are connected by a colonnade.because these halls resemble a soaring bird, it was also know as wufenglou(five-phoenix tower).inside the main hall there is a throne.drums and bells were stored in the wings.whenever the emperor presided over grand ceremonies or observed rites in the hall of upreme harmony, drums, bells and gongs would be struck to mark the occasion.as the legend goes, the meridian gate used to be a place where condemned ranking officials would be executed.this not true.however, flogging was carried out here by the ming emperors ,if a courtier falls afoul of the emperor, he would be stripped of his court dress and flogging with a stick.at one point the punishment became so harsh that a total of 11 people died from fatal wound on a single occasion.on the other hand, this building was also used to observe important occasions like the traditional chinese lantern festival(15th day of the first lunar month).on these occasions, chinese lanterns would be hanged and sumptuous banquets would be given in honour of the whole court of ministers and other ranking officials.upon entering the meridian gate we began our tour of the palace museum.the river foowing in front of us is known as jin shui he(golden water river)and the five marbles bridges spanning it are known as the inner golden water bridges.the on in the middle was used exclusive by the emperor and its banisters were carved with dragon and phoenix designs.the bridges flanking the imperial one were reserved for princes and other royal members.the rest were used by palatines.aside from decoration, the golden water river was also dug as precaution against fire.most of the structures within the palace museum are made of wood.what is more ,according to ancient chinese cosmology, the south is the abode of fire, so this brook was dug on the southern tip of the palace.in this way, the palace museum reflects traditional chinese culture.this building is called the gate of supreme harmony.in the foreground stand two bronze lions.can anybody tell which is male and which is female? the one on the east playing with a ball is male, symbolizing power and universal unity.the other on the west with a cub cuddling underneath its claw is female? the one on the east playing with a ball is male, symbolizing power and universal unity.the other on the west with a cub cuddling underneath its claw is female, representing prosperity the endless succession.a layout of the palace museum is posted by the entrance.from it ,you can see that the palace museum has two main parts: the forecourt and the inner court.the three main halls constitute the mainstay of the forecourt, and it was here that the emperor announced decisions and observed rites.behind the forecourt there is the inner court, consisting of major halls and the imperial garden.it was where the emperor attended state affairs, lived and enjoyed his luxurious life.the exhibition system of the palace museum involves historical court relics and articles of ancient art and culture.the palace museum houses nearly one million articles of rare treasure, or one sixth of the total number in all of china `s museums.there are the three main halls of the palace museum, built on a triple marble terrace.since most of china `s architecture is made of wood, the buildings cannot be too tall.to gain the height of the architecture, ingenious ancient artisans built the hall on a gigantic stone terrace.it is also to this end that not a single plant was grown in the square.on stairways of triple marble terrace there are 18 bronze tripods.the verandah is flanked by bronze tortoises and cranes, which served as symbols of longevity.on the east is a sundial, an ancient timepiece.on the west there is a grain measure suggesting that the emperor was just and equitable.in the front and on each flank ,there is a pair of gilt bronze vats(caldrons)molded during the reign of emperor qianlong of the qing dynasty.each of these weights 2 tons and is filled with water as a precaution in the event of a fire.the structure in the very middle is the hall of supreme harmony ,also known as the throne hall.it is 64 meters in width and is 38 meters from entrance to rear.with terrace exclusive ,the hall is 26.92 meters in height and is 35.03 meters in all.covering and areaof 2,377 square meters, the hall of supreme harmony is china` s largest exiting wooden structure.the hall is supported by 6 thick ,round pillars carved in a design of coiling dragons.as the holiest place in the hall, the ceiling and colored patterns were made of the finest material available at that time.the throne was placed on a terrace and is flanked by statues of elephants, luduan(a unicorn which could travel 18,000 kilometers a day and understand all languages), cranes and incense barrels.over the throne there is the caisson ,or covered ceiling ,which consists of a coiling dragon playing with a ball in its mouth.this ball is known as xuanyuan mirror ,and was supposedly made by a chinese emperor of remote times to serve as a reminder that thee rulers to follow were his hereditary heirs.the throne is made of nanmu and painted in gold.magnificently built and luxuriously decorated ,this hall did not serve as a place in which the emperor attended to daily affairs.he used his hall for major events such as his birthday, conferral of title of empress or dispatch of generals to war.behind the hall of supreme harmony ,there sits the hall of complete harmony.this structure is square in shape.each side is 24.15 meters.this was the place where the emperor relaxed and greeted his courtiers before proceeding to the hall of supreme harmony to observe rites.this was also the place where the emperor prepared prayers or examined seeds and sowers before he attended ancestral sacrifices or participated in snowing ceremonies.a grand ceremony was also held here once every 10 years for the emperor to genealogize the royal blood.there are two sedan chairs on display in the hall.behind the hall of complete harmony ,you will see the hall of preserving harmony, which was used as a place where imperial examinations were held.the imperial examination was the hignest level of competing for meritorious appointment under the feudal system dating back to the sui dynasty.china` s last imperial examination was held in 1904 during the reign of emperor guangxu of the qing dynasty.to the rear of hall there is a marble ramp carved with cloud and dragon designs, the largest of its kind in the whole country.it is 16.57 meters in length, 3.07 meters in width, 1.7 meters thick and weighs 250 tons.it was quarried in fangshan county in suburban beijing.to bring this giant piece of stone to beijing people poured water onto the road and applied rolling blocks during the process.we are now standing before the square of the hall of heaven purity.it served as a divide separating the forecourt from the inner court.this building is known as the gate of heavenly purity.emperor qianlong held court here.proceeding further north ,you can find three main rear halls ,i.e.the hall of heavenly purity.the hall of union and peace and palace of earthly tranquility.the hall of heavenly purity if flanked on either side by two gates named after the sun and moon.inside the enclosure there are 12 palaces and halls symbolizing constellations.all of the other buildings are centered around the palace of heavenly purity , which was meant to suggest that the monarch` s power was endowed by heaven.the empress and concubines lived in the inner court.the hall of heavenly purity was where the emperor lived and attended to daily affairs.later the emperor moved to live in the palace of mental cultivation.looking up you can see a plaque bearing the chinese inscription ―be open and above-board,‖ a manifesto to court struggle.behind the plaque a strongbox was stored containing a will bearing the name of the would –be royal successor.this approach of secretly selecting the next emperor was adopted by emperor yongzheng of the qing dynasty.two copies of the will were prepared.one was stashed by the emperor in person ,the other was placed inside the strong box behind the plaque.after the death of the emperor, the two copies would be compared and successor would be announced.it was in this way that emperor qianglong and others have ascended the throne.behind the hall of heavenly purity you will see the hall of union and peace , which is indentical to the hall of complete harmony.it was there that the emperor received congratulations and tributes from imperial officials on major calender occasions , a total of 25 imperial seals are stored there.in the hall, you will see a plaque with the handwritten inscription of ―we wei,‖ exhorting taoist doctrines.further northward is the palace of earthly tranquillity, which once served as the living room of the empresses`.the hall was later converted into a sacrificial place.through the windowpanes on the eastern wall you can see the royal bed decorated with dragon and phoenix designs.this hall has also served as the bridal chamber of monarchs.the gate of earthly tranquilliity leads to the imperial garden(known to westerners as qianlong` s garden),which was used by the emperor ,the empress, and the concubines.a magnificent structure stands in the middle.it is called the qin `s an(imperial peace)hall.it is the only building in the palace museum that was built in taoist style.it served as a shrine to the taoist deity.the garden covers a space of 12,000 square meters ,and is 130 meters from east to the west and some 90 meters from north to the south.there are a dozen halls, verandahs, pavilions and waterside houses in the garden.on each of the fur corner there is a pavilion dedicated to the four seasons which is different in construction style and shape.the garden also features an imperial landscape.with rare trees and exotic rockery, the imperial garden served as a model for china` s imperial parks.in all ,a total of 10-strong building styles were applied.the tall building we are now passing is the gate of military prowess, the back door of the palace museum.our visit is now drawing to a conclusion but the architectures of the palace are not.on the other side of the road is the 43-meter-hign charcoal hill , providing natural protection for the forbidden city.this was also an embodiment of china` s construction style-putting a pool in the front and a hill in the rear.now let` s climb up to wanchun(everlasting springs)pavillion where we` ll have a great view of the palace museum.颐和园 the tour will take 4-6 hours.the route is as follows: out side the east gate-side the east gate –in front of the hall of benevolence and longevity-in front of garden of virtuous harmony-in front of the grand theater building-a lakeside walk from the garden of virtuous harmony to the hall o jade ripples-in front of the o jade ripples-in front of the yiyunguan(chamber of mortal being)-hall of happiness and longevity-in front of the yaoyue(chamber of mortal beings)-hall of happiness and longevity-in front of the yaoyue(inviting the moon)gate of the long corridor-strolling along the long corridor-visiting an exhibition of cultural relics-in front of the hall of dispelling clouds-inside the hall of dispelling clouds-atop the tower of buddhist incense-on a hilltop leading from the back door of the tower of buddhist incense-on a hilltop leading from the back door of the tower of buddhist incense-inside the garden of harmonious interest –outside the south gate to suzhou shopping street-atop the stone bridge inside the suzhou shopping street –on the road from the south gate of suzhou shopping street-on the road form the south gate of suzhou shopping street to the marble boat-in front of the ruins of the garden of complete spring –along the lakeside by the marble boat-boating on the kunming lake-leaving out through the east gate.(out side the east gate)

ladies and gentlemen: welcome to the summer palace.(after the self-introduction of the guide-interpreter)i hope this will be an interesting and enjoyable day for you.during our tour, you will be introduced to time honored historical and cultural traditions, as well as picturesque views and landscapes.the construction of the summer palace first started in 1750.at that time, the qing dynasty was in its heyday and china was a powerful asian country with vast territories.the monarch in power then was emperor qianlong.with supreme power and large sums of money, he summoned skillful and ingenious artisans from all over the country to carry out this construction work in honor of his mother `s birthday.after 15 years and one seventh of the nation` s annual revenue spent, the garden of clear ripples was completed and served as a testimony to china` s scientific and technological achievements.in 1860, this vast royal garden was burnt down along with the yuanming yuan(garden of perfection and brightness)by angol-french allied forces.in 1888, empress dowager cixi reconstructed the garden on the same site and renamed it the garden of nurtured harmony(summer palace).characterized by its vast scope and rich cultural embodiments, the summer palace has become one of the most famous tourist sites in the world.this is the main entrance to the summer palace-the east gate on top of the eaves of the door there is a plaque bearing a chinese inscription which means ―garden of nurtured harmony‖ , whose calligrapher was emperor guangxu.the gate that you are now entering was used exclusively by the emperor, the empress and the queer mother.all others used the side doors.(inside the east gate)

the summer palace can be divided into two parts: longevity hill and kunming lake.the whole garden covers an area of 290 hectares, of whih three-fourths consists of a lake and rivers.this imperial garden features 3,000 room-units and covers an expanse of 70,000 square meters with more than 100 picturesque spots of interest.the layout of the summer palace includes three groups of architectures: palaces where the emperor attended to state affairs, resting palaces of the emperor and empress, and sightseeing areas.entering the east gate we will come the the office quarters.entering the east gate we will come to the office quarters.the annex halls on both sides were used for officials on duty.this is the gate of benevolence and longevity.above the door there is a plaque bearing the same name in both chinese and manchurian characters.the gigantic rock in the foreground is known as taihu rock, or eroded limestone, quarried in jiangsu province and placed here to decorated the garden.on the marble terrace sits a bronze mythical beast, known as qilin or xuanni.it was said to the one of the nine sons of dragon king.a point of peculiar interest is that it has the head of a dragon, antlers of a deer, the tail of a lion and hooves of a ox, and is covered with a unique skin.it was considered an auspicious creature that brought peace and prosperity.this grand hall is the hall of benevolence and longevity.it was built in 1750 , and was known as the hall of industrious government.emperor qianlong ruled that the halls where monarchs attended to state affairs would be named after them.after the rebuilding of the summer palace, the hall was renamed, suggesting that benevolent rulers would enjoy long lives.the arrangement of the hall has been left untouched.in the middle of the hall stands a throne made of sandalwood and carved with beautiful designs.in the background there is a screen carved with nine frolicking dragons.on either side of the throne there are two big fans made of peacock feathers, two column-shaped incense burners, crane-shaped lanterns and an incense burner assuming the form of luduan, a mythological animal which was suppose to have the power to prevent fire.the small chambers on eight side were where the emperor qianlong and empress dowager cixi rested and met officials on formal occasions.on the verandah in the foreground of the hall there are bronze statues of dragon and phoenixes which served as incense burners on major occasions.they are hollow and smoke comes through holes on their backs.also on the veranda are tai ping(peace)bronze water vats made during the reign of emperor qianlong.as a precaution in case of fire, a fire was lit underneath the vats in the winter to keep the water in them from freezing.(at the entrance of garden of virtuous harmony)

we are now visiting the garden of virtuous harmony, where emperor qianlong and empress dowager cixi were entertained with beijing opera performances.it mainly consists of the dressing house, the grand theater building and the hall of pleasure smiles.the grand theater building known as the ―cradle of beijing opera‖ was uniquely laid out and magnificently decorated.on september 10, 1984, the garden of virtuous harmony opened its doors to visitors.there are also 7 exhibition halls with articles of daily use on display here.the staff here put up court dresses of qing dynasty in order to give the visitor a more vivid impression.(in front of the grand theater building)

this building is 21 meters in height and 17 meters in width and features three tiers of tilted eaves and stages.all of the stages are connected to a raise ,and a winch is installed at the top.a well and 5 ponds were sunk under the ground stage.there are trapdoors in the ceiling for fairies to descend, as well as on the floor for demons to surface.the underground passages also served as a means of improving resonance and making the performers` voices more audible.of the three main theater building of the qing dynasty, the grand theater building is the tallest and the largest.the other two are changyin(fluent voice)pavilion in chengde, an imperial summer resort.the building played a major part in fostering the birth and development of beijing opera: since the completion of the grand theater building, many performances were held in it in honor of the empress dowager cixi.(a lakeside walk from the garden of virtuous harmony to the hall of jade ripples)

we are now standing in the middle of a rockery behind the hall of benevolent and longevity.it appears that there` s nothing special ahead.however, after we clear the rockery, we will reach kunming lake.this is a application of a specific style of chinese gardening.not far away in the lake there is a islet.it is filled with peach and weeping willow trees and serves as a ideal place to appreciate the scenery.the pavilion on the islet is called zhichun(understanding spring)pavilion and is chardcterized by four-edged, multiple eaved roofs.(in front of the hall of jade ripples)

this group of special and quiet courtyard dwelling is the hall of jade ripples.it was first used by emperor qianlong to attend to state affairs.it was also where emperor guangxu of the late qing dynasty was kept under house arrest.this hall is a hallmark of the reform movement of 1898, emperor guanxu was empress dowager cixi` s nephew.after emperor tongzhi died, empress dowager cixi made her nephew, who was at that time four years old a successor in order to continue her wielding of power behind the scenes.when emperor guanxu was 19 years old ,empress dowager cixi relinquished power to him but continued to exert considerable influence.in 1898, the reform movement took place with the aim of sustaining the corn principles of the qing dynasty while reforming outdated laws.the movement lasted for 103 days until it was suppressed by empress dowager cixi.the emperor` s six earnest reformists were beheaded and emperor guangxu was placed under house arrest which lasted for 10 years.all the back doors were sealed and a brick was was put up behind the wooden partition on each side of the two annexes of the courtyard.emperor guangxu was closely watched by eunuchs.the wall remains intact for tourists to see..dynasty while reforming outdated laws.the movement lasted for 103 days until it was suppressed by empress dowager cixi.the emperor` s six earnest reformists were beheaded and emperor guangxu was placed under house arrest which lasted for 10 years.all the back doors were sealed and a brick was was put up behind the wooden partition on each side of the two annexes of the courtyard.emperor guangxu was closely watched by eunuchs.the wall remains intact for tourists to see.(in front of yiyunguan(chamber of mortal beings)

this was where empress and empress dowager of china` s feudal system.however, emperor guanxu was not the last emperor of the qing dynasty.the last in the line was emperor puyi, who ascended the throne in 1908 at the age of three, too young to be married.in 1912, he was forced to abdicate.during the short reign of emperor puyi.empress longyu handled state affairs on his behalf in the name of empress dowager.in 1911, a revolution led by dr.sun yat-sun succeeded, and the year after, empress longyu announced the abdication of the last emperor of china.(in the hall of happiness and longevity)the aged empress dowager cixi was so fond of the summer palace that she decided to live here from april through october of every year.this group of buildings served as her residence.this group of courtyard dwellings consists of a forecourt and a backyard with annex courts on each side.the whole compound was basically made of wood, which is ideal for ventilation and lighting.with its quiet and tasteful layout, the hall of happiness and longevity made life very easy and convenient.no wonder one of empress dowager cixi` s pleasure boat.on the pier there is a tall lantern post.flanking the staircase leading to the main entrance of the hall, there are bronze cranes, deer and vases, symbolizing universal peace.the interior layout is the same as the imperial court, with throne, a large table and incense burners placed in the middle.at mealtime, eunuchs-in –waiting would make a gigantic table out of this table and empress dowager cixi would dine on 128 courses.because of this more than 1,800 tales of silver would be spent each month on meals.on the east side of the living room is the cloak room.the bedroom in on its west.in front of the yaoyue(inviting the moon)gate of the long corridor

the famed long corridor is ahead.facing kunming lake and in the foreground of longevity hill, the long corridor stretches from yaoyue(inviting the moon)gate to shizhang(stony old man)pavilion.it is 728 meters in length and consist of 273 sections and connects four octagonal pavilions.in 1990 ,it was listed in guinness book of world records.(strolling along the long corridor)

the long corridor is one of the major structures of the summer palace.since the corridor was designed to follow the physical features of the southern slope of longevity hill , four multiple-eaved, octagonal pavilions(beauty-retaining pavilion, enjoy-the ripples pavilion, autumn water pavilion and clarity distance pavilion)were placed at bends and undulation.thus sightseers will hardly notice the rise and fall of the terrain.as a major part of the architectural style of the summer palace, the long corridor serves as an ingenious connector between the lake and the hill.scattered buildings on the southern slope were linked to creat a unified complex.this corridor can also be called a ―corridor of paintings ‖: there are more than 14,000 paintings on its beams.some of them are of birds, flowers and landscapes of the west lake in hangzhou, zhejian province.others present scenes from literary classics.the majority of the landscape painting were done under the order of emperor qianlong, who preperred the scenery of south china.(by the door leading to the exhibition of cultural relics)this group of temple-shaped structures are known as qinghua(clarified china)hall ,also known as arhat hall during the reign of emperor qianlong.the original hall burned down in 1860.after it was reconstructed, it was renamed.qinghua hall is now used as a exhibition hall displaying rare cultural relics collected in the summer palace.the hall consists of 6 exhibition rooms with tens of thousands of articles of treasure on display in turn.among the exhibits there are bronze ware, porcelain, jade assemblages from the ming and qing dynasties, and rare and paintings.there is also a gigantic stone slab, which is more than 3 meters in height and width.it bears the handwritten inscriptions of emperor qianlong is commemoration of the suppression of a rebellion in the xinjiang region.only this slab survived when the angle-french allied forces set fire to the summer palace.(in front of the gate of dispelling clouds)

now we are approaching the central part of the structures on the lakeside slope, the tower of buddhist incense within the hall of dispelling clouds.the hall of dispelling clouds was where numerous palatines kowtowed to empress dowager cixi.it was surrounded by galleries and flanked by annex halls.in the forecourt there is a pool and marble bridges.starting from the lakeside, there lies in succession a memorial archway, the gate of dispelling clouds, the hall of dispelling clouds and the tower of buddhist incense.all of these structures are built on a central axis and each is taller than its predecessor.this was designed to give prominence to the last structure, the tower of buddhist incense, which was a symbol of imperial power.the layout of this group of architectures was based on scenes described in buddhist sutras.this group of structure are among the most magnificently constructed here in the summer palace.(inside the hall of dispelling clouds)the original buildings on this site were burned down by the anglo-french allied forces in 1860.a new set of structures was built during the reign of emperor guanxu, and was called the hall of dispelling clouds, suggesting that it was a fairyland.the hall was built on a high terrace, and has 21 room.inside the hall are a throne, screens, tripods and mandarin fans.on a platform you will see bronze dragons, phoenixes and tripods.at the foot of the platform there are four bronze water vats, the ancient form of fire extinguishers.the 10th day of lunar october was ,empress dowager cixi` s birthday.on that day ,she sat on the throne here to receive congratulations and gifts.now we are going to pay a visit to the highlight of the summer palace-the tower of buddhist incense.what we are now standing on is a stone terrace which is 20 meters in height.it has a semi housed stairway of 100 steps, you will live for 100 years.so, let` s go!(in the front of the tower of buddhist incense)an octagonal structure with three storeys and quadruple eaves, the tower of buddhist incense is the very center of the summer palace, and is one of the masterpieces of ancient chinese architecture.the tower is 41 meters in height, and is buttressed by 8 solid pillars made of lignumvitae logs.with its complex structure, ingenious layout, towering terrace and convincing grandeur, the tower of buddhist incense was artfully set out by the imperial gardens and beautiful scenery surrounding it.the tower overlooks kunming lake and other picturesque spots within an area of tens of kilometers.on the west side of the tower stands baoyunge(precious cloud pavilion).it is made of bronze and is7.5 meters in height and 270 tons in weight.it resembles its wooden counterparts in every detail.it is one of the largest and most exquisite bronze pavilions still on existence in china.lamas prayed here during the reign of emperor qianlong in honor of the monarchs and their families.at the turn of the century 10 bronze windows were spirited abroad.in 1992 an american company bought the windows and returned them intact to china.(on a hilltop leading from the back door of tower of buddhist incense)

now we can see the long and snaking western causeway and a shorter dike that divides kunming lake into three areas that contain south lake island, seaweed-viewing island and circle city island.the three island represent three mountain in ancient chinese mythology, i.e.penglai, fangzhang and yingzhou.this peculiar method of incorporating a lake a three mountains within a single garden was a brainchild of emperor wudi of the han dynasty more than 2,000 years ago, bearing testimony to feudal monarchs` s longing for longevity.as the legend goes many heavenly elixirs grew on the three mythical islands.using artificial building techniques, the ancient chinese built this masterpiece based on the myth to make the mythical on appear to be accessible to humans.(inside the garden of harmonious interest)setting a garden within a larger garden has been one of china traditional architectural styles.the garden of harmonious interest serves as a fine example of this.this garden was built under the order of emperor qianlong and modeled after the jichang garden(garden of ease of mind)at the foot of mount huishan, jiansu province.it was renamed by his son emperor jiaqing in 1811.the existing garden was rebuilt by emperor or guangxu.empress dowager cixi used to go fishing here.the garden features 10 waterfront platforms, pavilions and halls as well as hundreds of galleries with all of its structures facing the lake and pools, the garden of harmonious interest is basically a garden of waterscape.spanning the vast expanse of the lake and pools are five bridges, each quite different from the others.the most famous of them is the bridge known as ―knowing –the fishing-bridge.‖ it is said that more than 2,500 years ago during the warring states period, two philosophere named zhuang zi had an interesting argument by the side of a pond.zhang said, ‖fish swim to and fro in the water.what happy fish!‖ hui asked , ‖you are not a fish.how do you know they are happy? ‖ zhuang replied, ―you are not me.how do you know i don’t know? ‖ hui signed, ―i am not you ,therefore, i don’t know you.and you are not a fish ,so how

do you know that fish are happy? ‖ zhang said, ―you ask me how i know fish are happy, why do you keeping me the same question?‖ although the garden of harmonious interest was designed after jichang garden, it not only absorbed the original designs, but exceeded it.(outside the south entrance to suzhou shopping street)now lets have a look at longevity hill.on the back slope of the hill stands a group of architectures.the centerpiece of structures there are known as the four continents and are dedicated to buddhism.this group was laid out and arranged in accordance with buddhist cosmology.aside from a main shrine and structures embodying the four continents, there are eight towers representing minor continents.the shrine is surrounded by four lamaist pagodas and between the major and minor continents, there two platforms representing the sun and the moon.the qing authority attached great importance to buddhism.to further strengthen ties with the ethnic minorities who practiced buddhism, the monarchs incorporated both han and tibetan styles of architecture into this group of temples.further north at the foot of the four major continent lies the suzhou shopping street.built along the back lake of the summer palace, this street stretches about 300 meters and features more than 60 stores.it includes restaurants, teahouses, pawnshops banks, drugstores dye houses and publishing houses.in order to recreate the atmosphere of ancient times, visitors will have the chance to exchange their money to ancient style chinese coins for use here.storefronts are trimmed with traditional signboards and ornaments.the commercial culture of the mid-18th century has thus been recreated.(atop the stone bridge inside the suzhou shopping street)visitors may be surprise to see that this shopping street is almost the same as that in south china.as a matter of fact, this street was designed after the shops along the canals in suhzhou.originally known as emperor` s shopping street, it was built during the reign of emperor qianlong.after making several inspection tours to south china and being duly impressed by its commercial prosperity, emperor qianlong ordered the construction of this street.the imperial shopping street was burnt down by anglo-french allied forces in 1860.the site remained desolated until 1987, when reconstruction began.it was opened to the public in september 1990.with commercial culture as its hallmark, the suzhou shopping street is a vivid representation of china` s traditional cultures.(on the road from the south fate of the suzhou shopping street to the marble boat)this is the hall of pines.from it to the west we can walk to the marble boat.the path we aree taking stretches between longevity hill and back lake.monarchs and their cohorts used to stroll along it.hence it was named central imperial path.along this path you will see lilacs all around.hence, this road is also known as the path of lilac.(in front of the ruins of the garden of complete spring)quite a few unique structures were burnt down during the reign of emperor qianlong, among which the garden of complete spring was one of the most famous.the ruined and desolate courtyard by the roadside was its original site, it remains to be restored.this group of structures cover an area of 4,000 square meters and features a number of halls built on three different levels.all of the structures were connected with galleries and stone staircases.with its natural and ingenious combination of pavilions, a hall, galleries and rooms, the garden of complete spring serves as a fine model for other gardens.emperor qianlong frequently visited this compound.(along the lakeside by the marble boat)now we have returned from the back of longevity hill to the front.there is the famous marble boat.this structure is 36 meters in length and its body was made of marble.on top of it is a two storeyed structure.the floor was paved with colored bricks.all of the windows are inlaid with multi-colored glass and the ceiling was decorated with carved bricks.the drainage system channels rain water down through four hollow concrete pillars and into the lake through the mouth of dragon heads.according to a book written by emperor qianlong, the boat was used for enjoying the scenery and was supposed to be symbolic of the stability of the qing dynasty.halfway up the slope there stands the hall for listening to orioles.the ancient chinese liken the warble of an oriole to beautiful songs and melodies, hence the name of the hall which used to be a theater.now the hall is one of the most famous restaurants in china, featuring imperial dishes and desserts.it is a must for many foreign visitors to have lunch here when then come to beijing.more than one hundred heads of state worldwide have dined here and the late premier zhou enlai has held banquets here in honor of state guests.(sightseers who want to try the restaurant can go boating after they eat.those who do not can go abroad right away.those who do not feel like taking the boat can stoll along the long corridor to the outside of the east gate).(boating on kunmin lake)we are now going to enjoy the lakeside scenery from a pleasure boat.as a main part of the summer palace, kunming lake covers an area of 220 hectares, or three fourths of the combined space of this summer resort.this natural lake is more than 3500 years old.this lake was originally called wengshan lake.in 1749 emperor qianlong ordered the construction of qingyi garden, the predecessor of the summer palace.involving nearly 10,000 laborers, the lake was expanded and turned into a peach-shaped reservoir, the first of its kind for beijing.from 1990 to 1991, the beijing municipal government ordered the first dredging of the lake in 240 years.involving 200,000 men and hundreds of dredgers and other tools, a total of 625,600 cubic meters of sludge was dredged and 205 bombs dropped by the japanese during the anti-japanese war were removed.the summer palace set a precedent for sightseeing by boat.there used to be a large imperial flotilla, of which the ―kunming merry dragon‖ was the most famous.it was destroyed by the anglo-french allied forces in 1860.to make the tour of the summer palace a more pleasant one, a large pleasure boat ―tai he ‖(supreme harmony)was built.this double –decked boat is 37.09 meters long,8,59 meters wide and 10.49 meters high.it can travel at a speed of 9 kilometer per hour.small pleasure boats are also available to tourist.another major spot of interest on the western causeway is jingming(bright view)hall.both its front and rear face the lake.this structure also features three two-storeyed halls of varying heights.our tour is drawing to a close as we approach the shore.today we only visited the major scenic areas of the summer palace.i have left other spot of interest for your next visit.i will show you out through the east gate.i hope you enjoyed today` s tour.thank you.good-bye and good luck.天安门

Tian’anmen Rostrum

Tian’anmen(the Gate of Heavenly Peace), is located in the center of Beijing.It was first built in 1417 and named Chengtianmen(the Gate of Heavenly Succession).At the end of the Ming Dynasty, it was seriously damaged by war.When it was rebuilt under the Qing in 1651, it was renamed Tian’anmen, and served as the main entrance to the Imperial City, the administrative and residential quarters for court officials and retainers.The southern sections of the Imperial City wall still stand on both sides of the Gate.The tower at the top of the gate is nine-room wide and five –room deep.According to the Book of Changes, the two numbers nine and five, when combined, symbolize the supreme status of a sovereign.During the Ming and Qing dynasties, Tian’anmen was the place where state ceremonies took place.The most important one of them was the issuing of imperial edicts, which followed these steps:

1)The Minister of Rites would receive the edict in Taihedian(Hall of Supreme Harmony), where the Emperor was holding his court.The minister would then carry the decree on a yunpan(tray of cloud), and withdraw from the hall via Taihemen(Gate of supreme Harmony)2)The Minister would put the tray in a miniature longting(dragon pavilion).Beneath a yellow umbrella and carry it via Wumen(Meridian Gate), to Tian’anmen Gate tower.3)A courtier would be invested to proclaim the edict.The civil and military officials lining both sides of the gateway beneath the tower would prostrate themselves in the direction of the emperor in waiting for the decree to the proclaimed.4)The courtier would then put the edict in a phoenix-shaped wooden box and lower it from the tower by means of a silk cord.The document would finally be carried in a similar tray of cloud under a yellow umbrella to the Ministry of Rites.5)The edict, copied on yellow paper, would be made known to the whole country.Such a process was historically recorded as ― Imperial Edict Issued by Golden Phoenix‖.During the Ming and Qing dynasties Tian’anmen was the most important passage.It was this gate that the Emperor and his retinue would go through on their way to the altars for ritual and religious activities.On the Westside of Tian’anmen stands ZhongshanPark(Dr.Sun Yat-sen’s Park), and on the east side, the Working People’s Cultural Palave.The Park was formerly called Shejitan(Altar of Land and Grain), built in 1420 for offering sacrificial items to the God of Land.It was opened to the public as a park in 1914 and its name was changed in 1928 to the present one in memory of the great pioneer of the Chinese Democratic Revolution.The Working People’s Cultural Palace used to be Taimiao(the Supreme Ancestral Temple), where tablets of the deceased dynastic rulers were kept.The stream in front of Tian’anmen is called Waijinshuihe(Outer Golden River),with seven marble bridges spanning over it.Of these seven bridges,historical records say the middle one was for the exclusive use of the emperor and was accordingly called Yuluqiao(Imperial Bridge).The bridges flanking it on either side were meant for the members of the royal family and were therefore called Wanggongqiao(Royal’s Bridges).Farther away on each side of the two were bridges for officials ranking above the third order and were named Pinjiqiao(ministerial Bridges).The remaining two bridges were for the use by the retinue below the third order and wre called Gongshengqiao(common Bridges).They anr the one in front of the Supreme Ancestral Temple to the east and the one in front of the Altar of land and Grain to the west.The two stone lions by the Gate of Tian’anmen, one on each side were meant as sentries.They gaze toward the middle axis, guarding the emperor’s walkway.In front of the gate stands a pair of marble columns called Huabiao.They are elaborately cut in bas-relief following the pattern of a legendary dragon.Behind the gate stands another pair of similar columns.The story of Huabiao may be traced to a couple of sources.One of the versions accredits its invention to one of the Chinese sage kings named Yao, who was said to have set up a wooden pillar in order to allow the ordinary people to expose evil-doers, hence it was originally called a slander pillar.Later it ws reduced to a signpost, and now it serves as an ornament.The beast sitting on the top of the column is called‖ hou‖, a legendary animal, which is said to have been a watcher of an emperor’s behaviour.He was doing such duties as warning the emperor against staying too long outside the palace or indulging in pleasure and urging him to go to the people for their complaints or return in due time.Therefore, the two pairs of beasts were given the names‖ Wangjunhui‖(Expecting the emperor’s coming back)and ― wangjunchu‖(Expecting the emperor’s going out)respectinvely.In the old days, Tian’anmen, as a part of the Imperial City, was meant for important occasions.The two rows of chaofang(antechamber), on the sides behind the main gate, wre reserved for civil and military members of the government waiting for imperial audience and in front of the gate, were offices of imperial administration.On October 1, 1949, chairman Mao Zedong proclaimed on Tian’anmen Rostrum the founding of the People’s Republic of China.Since then Tian’anmen has been the symbol of New Chinea.Chairman Mao’s portrait is hung above the central entrance, flanked by two slogans:‖ Long Live the Great Unity of the Peoples of the World‖.Today , the splendour of Tian’anmen attracts million of visitors from all over the world.The Rostrum on its top was opened in 1988 to the public for the first time in its history.It offers a panoramic view of the Square and the city proper.Tian’anmen Square Situated due south of Tian’anmen, the Square has an area of 44 hectares(109 acres)that can accommodate as many as one million people for public gatherings.It has witnessed may historical events in China’s modern history and is a place for celebrations on such festive days as international Labour Day on May 1st and national Day on October 1st.Around the Square are several famous buildings: 1 The Great Hall of the People This is one of the largest congressional buildings in the world.Built in 1959, the hall consists of three parts: a 10,000-seat auditorium in the center, a banquet hall in the north wing facing Chang’an Street, with a seating capacity of 5,000, and offices for the Standing Committee of the National Peoples’ Congress of China in the south.In addition, thirty-four reception chambers are named after various provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly unde the Central Government, plus Hong Kong and Macao.Each is different from the other in decoration and furnishings to stress their local features.2 The Museum of Chinese History and the Museum of the Chinese Revolution These two museums were also built in 1959.the museum of Chinese History houses a permanent exhibition in four parts, covering the entire process of Chinese history spanning from 1.7 million years ago to 1919: 1)The Primitive Society(1.7 million years ago to the 21st century BC);2)The Slave Society(21st century BC to 476 BC.);3)The Feudal Society(475 BC.To 1840 AD.);4)The Semi-Colonial and Semi-Fedual Society(1840 to 1919.)The Museum of the Chinese Revolution covers the period from 1919 to 1949.3 The Monument to the People’s Heroes the monument was built in memory of thousands of martyrs who died for the revolutionary cause of the Chinese people.Its construction began on August 1, 1952 and was not completed until 1958.in the form of an obelisk, the Monument as made of more than 17,000 pieces of tranite and white marble.The purple piece inlaid in the front of the Monument was brought from Qingdao, Shandong Province.It is 38 meters(124ft 8 in)high, the loftiest of its kind ever seen in the country.Not only is it an historic memorial for immortal heroes, but also it is an artistic work of excellent architectural value.On the front side of the Monument is an engraved inscription in Chinese characters written by Chairman Mao Zedong, which reads‖ Eternal Glory to the People’s Heroes!‖.On the back of the Monument is an article written by Chairman Mao, but in Chinese calligraphy by the late Premier Zhou Enlai.At the top of the Monument are eight gigantic carved wreathes of such flowers as peony, lotus and chrysanthemum, symbolizing nobility, purity, and fortitude.At the base of the monument are eight marble reliefs depicting the Chinese historic events since 1840.They are:

1)The Burning of Opium in 1840: 2)The uprising of 1851 in Jintian, Guangxi;3)The Revolution of 1911;4)The May Fourth Movement of 1919;5)The May 30th Movement of 1925;6)The Uprising of 1927 in Nanchang, Jiangxi;7)The War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression from 1937 to 1945;8)The Victorious Crossing over the Yangtze River by the Peoples’s Liberation Army in 1949.This relief is flanked by two smaller ones—― Supplying the Front‖ and ― Greeting the P.L.A.‖.Chairman Mao’s Mausoleum Chairman Mao Zedong, the founder of the People’s Pepublic of China, passed away on Sepember 9, 197 6.In commemoration of this great man, a mausoleum began to be constructed in November 1976, and was completes in August the following year.The Mausoleum was officially opened on September 9, 1977.The mausoleum is surrounded by four groups of sculpture.East of the northern entrance is the sculpture depicting the period of the New Democratic Revolution(1919-1949), and west of it is the one signifying the great achievements of the Chinese people during the period of slcialist revolution and construction since 1949.The sculptures in front of the southern gate are figures of workers, peasants soldiers, intellectuals, technicians and children.Inside the Mausoleum are three main sections: A white marble statue of Chairman Mao is mounted on a platform in the front lobby.On the wall behind the statue is a 24-metre-long(79-foot-long)tapestry, a fine needlepoint work with beautiful landscapes of the country.In the main hall there is a crystal coffin, in which Chairman Mao’s body lies stately with the Communist Party’s flag covering over him.On the wall of the southern lobby, a poem by Chairman Mao and in his own calligraphy is inscribed in gold inlay.It expresses his full great expectations for the country.Tian’ anmen Square has now completed its renovation after eight months’ hard work to welcome the 50th anniversary of the People’s Republic in 1999.天坛

Ladies and Gentlemen: Welcome to the temple of Heaven.(After self-introduction)preserved cultural heritages of China.There are basically two kinds of visitors who come here: local pensioners who do exercises here in the morning and evening and sightseers both from home and abroad.All in all ,there are 12 million visitors very year.Now we are going to go along the route that leads to the alter.It will take roughly one hour.Mind you ,the emperor also walked along this route to pay tribute to the God of Heaven.(Along the Southern Sacred Road leading to the Circular Mound Altar)The largest group of architectures ever to be dedicated to Heaven ,the Temple of Heaven served as an exclusive altar for Chinese monarchs during the Ming and Qing dynasties.It was decreed that rulers of successive dynasties would place altars in their own capitals to worship Heaven and pray for good harvest.But why ? The ancient Chinese believed that Heaven was the supreme ruler of the universe and the fate of mankind ,and thus worshiping rites dedicated to Heaven came into being.The Heaven the ancient Chinese referred to was actually the Universe, or nature.In those days, there were specfic rites of worship.This was especially true during the Ming and Qing dynasties when elaborate ceremonies were held.The Temple of Heaven was built in 1420 during the reign of Emperor Youngle of the Ming Dynasty.Situated in the southern part of the city ,this grand set of structures covers an area of 273 hectares.To better symbolize heaven and earth ,the northern part of the Temple is circular while the southern part is square.The whole compound is enclosed by two walls, a square wall outside a round one.The outer area is characterized by suburban scenery, while the inner part is used for sacrifices.The