第一篇：高中英语选修八课文及翻译
选修8 Unit 1 A land of diversity-Reading
CALIFORNIA California is the third largest state in the USA but has the largest population.It also has the distinction of being the most multicultural state in the USA, having attracted people from all over the world.The customs and languages of the immigrants live on in their new home.This diversity of culture is not surprising when you know the history of California.Unit1 加利福尼亚
加利福尼亚是美国的第三大州，而且是人口最多的州。加州与众不同之处在于它也是美国最具多元文化的一个州，它吸引了来自世界各地的人们。这些移民的风俗习惯以及语言在他们的新家都得以延续。当你了解了加利福尼亚的历史后，你就不会对此感到惊讶了。NATIVE AMERCANS
Exactly when the first people arrived in what we now know as California, no one really knows.However, it is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago.Scientists believe that these settlers crossed the Bering Strait in the Arctic to America by means of a land bridge which existed in prehistoric times.In the 16th century, after the arrival of the Europeans, the native people suffered greatly.Thousands were killed or forced into slavery.In addition, many died from the diseases brought by the Europeans.However, some survived these terrible times, and today there are more
Native Americans living in California than in any other state.美洲土著人
最早的一批人具体是在什么时候来到我们现在所知道的加利福尼亚地区的，谁也说不清楚。然而，很可能至少在15 ,000年以前美洲土著人就住在加利福尼亚了。科学家们认为，这些迁居者通过一条史前时代曾经存在的大陆桥穿越北极地区的白令海峡到达美洲。欧洲人在16世纪来到这儿后，土著人遭受了极大的苦难，成千上万的人被杀害或被迫成为奴隶。此外，欧洲人带来了疾病，使许多人染病而死，不过，还是有一些人在经历了这些恐怖时期后活下来了。今天住在加利福尼亚的美洲土著人比任何其他州的都要多。
THE SPANISH In the 18th century California was ruled by Spain.Spanish soldiers first arrived in South America in the early 16th century, when they fought against the native people and took their land.Two centuries later, the Spanish had settled in most parts of South America and along the northwest coast of what we now call the United States.Of the first Spanish to go to California, the majority were religious men, whose ministry was to teach the Catholic religion to the natives.In 1821, the people of Mexico gained their independence from Spain.California then became part of Mexico.In 1846 the United States declared war on Mexico, and after the war won by the USA, Mexico had to give California to the USA.However, there is still a strong Spanish influence in the state.That is why today over 40 of
Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language.西班牙人
在18世纪的时候，加利福尼亚是由西班牙统治的西班牙士兵最早是在1 6世纪初期来到南美洲的，他们同土著人打仗，并夺去了他们的土地3两个世纪以后，西班牙人在南美洲的大部分地区定居下来，而且还在我们现在称之为美国的西北沿海地区住下来c在首批移
居加州的西班牙人中，大部分是宗教人士，他们的职责是向原住民传授天主教。1821年，墨西哥人从西班牙获得了独立-加利福尼亚于是成了墨西哥的一部分。1846年美国向墨西哥宣战，美国赢得战争胜利后，墨西哥被迫把加利福尼亚割让给美国。但是，这个州至今仍然保留着很强的西班牙的影响。这就是为什么今天还有40%的加利福尼亚人仍然把西班牙语作为第一或第二语言的缘故。
RUSSIANS In the early 1800s, Russian hunters, who had originally gone to Alaska, began settling in California.Today there are about 25,000 Russian-Americans living in and around San Francisco.俄罗斯人
19世纪初期，一批最初到阿拉斯加的俄罗斯猎人开始在加利福尼亚定居下来。今天，住在圣弗朗西斯科（旧金山）及其周边地区的美籍俄罗斯人约有25,000人。GOLD MINERS In 1848, not long after the American-Mexican war, gold was discovered in
California.The dream of becoming rich quickly attracted people from all over the world.The nearest, and therefore the first to arrive, were South Americans and people from the United States.Then adventurers from Europe and Asia soon followed.In fact, few achieved their dream of becoming rich.Some died or returned home, but most remained in California to make a life for themselves despite great hardship.They settled in the new towns or on farms.By the time California elected to become the thirty-first federal state of the USA in 1850, it was already a multicultural society.淘金矿工
1848年，在美国同墨西哥开战之后不久，在加利福尼亚发现了金矿。发财梦很快就吸引了世界各地的人。距离最近因而来得最早的是南美洲人和美国人。随后跟着来的有欧洲和亚洲的探险家。事实上很少有人圆了发财梦。一些人死了或回家了，但是尽管条件十分艰苦，多数人还是留在了加利福尼亚劳作谋生，并在新的城镇或农场里定居下来。到1850年加利福尼亚成为美国第31个州的时候，它已经是一个有着多种文化的社会了。
LATER A RRIVALS Although Chinese immigrants began to arrive during the Gold Rush Period, it was the building of the rail network from the west to the east coast that brought even larger numbers to California in the 1860s.Today, Chinese-Americans live in all parts of California, although a large
percentage have chosen to stay in the “Chinatowns” of Los Angeles and San Francisco.Other immigrants such as Italians, mainly fishermen but also wine makers, arrived in California in the late 19th century.In 1911 immigrants from Denmark established a town of their own, which today still keeps up their Danish culture.By the 1920s the film industry was well established in Hollywood, California.The industry boom attracted Europeans including many Jewish people.Today California has the second largest Jewish population in the United States.Japanese farmers began arriving in California at the beginning of the 20th century, and since the 1980s a lot more have settled there.People from Africa have been living in California since the 1800s, when they moved north from Mexico.However, even more arrived between 1942 and 1945 to work in the ship and aircraft industries.后来的移民
虽然中国移民在淘金热时期就开始到来了，但是更大批量的移民却是在1 9世纪60年代为了修建贯穿美国东西海岸的铁路而来的。今天，加利福尼亚州各地都有美籍华人，尽管有很大比例的华人还是选择住在洛杉矶和圣弗朗西斯科（旧金山）的“中国城”里。
19世纪后期，其他国家的移民，比如意大利人来到了加利福尼亚，他们主要是渔民，也有制酒工人。1911年，丹麦的移民建立了自己的城镇，至今仍然保留着丹麦文化。20世纪20年代，电影业在加州的
好莱坞建立了起来。这个行业吸引了大量的欧洲人，包括许多犹太人。今天，加利福尼亚的犹太人口在美国占第二位。
日本农民是在20世纪初期开始到加利福尼亚来的，而从20世纪80年代以来就有更多的日本人在加利福尼亚定居了。非洲人从1 9世纪就在加利福尼亚住下来，他们是从墨西哥向北迁来的。然而，更多的非洲人是在1942年至1945年期间来到加利福尼亚的，当时他们是到船厂和飞机厂工作。
MOST RECENT ARRIVALS In more recent decades, California has become home to more people from Asia, including Koreans, Cambodians, Vietnamese and Laotians.Since its beginning in the 1970s, the computer industry has attracted Indians and Pakistanis to California.最近期的移民
在最近的几十年里，加利福尼亚成了更多的亚洲人的家，包括朝鲜人、柬埔寨人、越南人和老挝人。从20世纪70年代以来，计算机工业吸引了印度人和巴基斯坦人来到加州。
THE FUTURE People from different parts of the world, attracted by the climate and the lifestyle, still immigrate to California.It is believed that before long the mix of nationalities will be so great that there will be no distinct major racial or cultural groups, but simply a mixture of many races and cultures.未来展望
世界各地的人，由于受到气候条件和生活方式的吸引，仍然在继续迁入加利福尼亚。人们认为，要不了多久，多种国籍的混合将会非常之大，以致不可能存在一种主要的种族或文化群体，而是多种族、多文化的混合体。
GEORGE’S DIARY 12TH—14TH JUNE Monday 12th, June Arrived early this morning by bus.Went straight to hotel to drop my luggage, shower and shave.Then went exploring.First thing was a ride on a cable car.From top of the hill got a spectacular view of San Francisco Bay and the city.Built in 1873, the cable car system was invented by Andrew Hallidie, who wanted to find a better form of transport than horse-drawn trams.Apparently he'd been shocked when he saw a terrible accident in which a tram's brakes failed, the conductor could not control the situation and the tram slipped down the hill dragging the horses with it.Had a late lunch at Fisherman's What.This is the district where Italian fishermen first came to San Francisco in the late 19th century and began the fishing industry.Now it's a tourist area with lots of shops, sea food restaurants and bakeries.It's also the place to catch the ferry to Angel Island and other places in the Bay.Did so much exploring at Fisherman's What.Am exhausted and don't feel like doing anything else.Early bed tonight!
Tuesday 13th, June
Teamed up with a couple from my hotel(Peter and Terri)and hired a car.Spent all day driving around the city.There's a fascinating drive marked out for tourists.It has blue and white signs with seagulls on them to show the way to go.It's a 79km round-trip that takes in all the famous tourist spots.Stopped many times to admire the view of the city from different angles and take photographs.Now have a really good idea of what the city's like.In evening, went to Chinatown with Peter and Terri.Chinese immigrants settled in this area in the 1850s.The fronts of the buildings are decorated to look like old buildings in southern China.Saw some interesting temples here, a number of markets and a great many restaurants.Also art galleries and a museum containing documents, photographs and all sorts of objects about the history of Chinese immigration, but it is closed in the evening.Will go back during the day.Had a delicious meal and then walked down the hill to our hotel.Wednesday 14th, June
In morning, took ferry to Angel Island from the port in San Francisco Bay.On the way had a good view of the Golden Gate Bridge.From 1882 to 1940 Angel Island was a famous immigration station where many Chinese people applied for right to live in USA.The cells in the station
were very small, cold and damp;some did not even have light but the immigrants had nowhere else to go.Their miserable stay seemed to be punishment rather than justice and freedom to them.They wrote poems on the walls about their loneliness and mourned their former life in China.In 1940 the civil authorities reformed the system so that many more Chinese people were able to grasp the opportunity of settling in the USA.Made me very thoughtful and thankful for my life today.选修8 Unit 2 Cloning-Reading CLONING: WHERE IS IT LEADING US? Cloning has always been with us and is here to stay.It is a way of making an exact copy of another animal or plant.It happens in plants when gardeners take cuttings from growing plants to make new ones.It also happens in animals when twins identical in sex and appearance are produced from the same original egg.The fact is that these are both examples of natural clones.Unit2 克隆：它将把我们引向何方？
克隆一直与我们同在，而如今它还要持续下去。这是一种用来生产与原型完全相同的动植物的方法。当园艺师从生长着的植物上剪下枝条来培植新植物时，就会产生这种现象。这种现象也发生在动物身上，从同一个原生卵子产生性别和相貌相同的双胞胎也是克隆。实际上，这些都是自然克隆现象。
Cloning has two major uses.Firstly, gardeners use it all the
time to produce commercial quantities of plants.Secondly, it is valuable for research on new plant species and for medical research on animals.Cloning plants is straightforward while cloning animals is very complicated.It is a difficult task to undertake.Many attempts to clone mammals failed.But at last the determination and patience of the scientists paid off in 1996 with a breakthroughthe telephone in 1876.Bell never
set out to invent the telephone and what he was trying to design was a multiple telegraph.This original telegraph sent a message over distances using Morse code(a series of dots tapped out along a wire in a particular order).But only one message could go at a time.Bell wanted to improve it so that it could send several messages at the same time.He designed a machine that would separate different sound waves and allow different conversations to be held at the same time.But he found the problem difficult to solve.One day as he was experimenting with one end of a straw joined to a deaf man's ear drum and the other to a piece of smoked glass, Bell noticed that when he spoke into the ear, the straw drew sound waves on the glass.Suddenly he had a flash of inspiration.If sound waves could be reproduced in a moving electrical current, they could be sent along a wire.In searching to improve the telegraph,Bell had invented the first telephone!Bell was fully aware of the importance of his invention and wrote to his father: “The day is coming when telegraph wires will be laid on to houses just like water or gas – and friends will talk to each other without leaving home.” The patent was given in 1876, but it was not until five days later that Bell sent his first telephone message to his assistant Watson.The words have now become famous:
“Mr WatsonI want to see you.” Alexander Graham Bell was not a man to rest and he interested himself in many other areas of invention.He experimented with helicopter designs and flying machines.While searching for a kite strong enough to carry a man into the air, Bell experimented putting triangles together and discovered the tetrahedron shape.Being very stable, it has proved invaluable in the design of bridges.Bell was an inventor all his life.He made his first invention at eleven and his last at seventy-five.Although he is most often associated with the invention of the telephone, he was indeed a continuing searcher after practical solutions to improve the quality of everybody's life.选修8 Unit 4 Pygmalion-Reading
PYGMALION MAIN CHARACTERS: Eliza Doolittle(E): a poor flower girl who is ambitious to improve herself Professor Higgins(H): an expert in phonetics, convinced that the quality of a person's English decides his/her position in society Colonel Pickering(CP): an officer in the army and later a friend of Higgins' who sets him a task
Unit4 皮格马利翁
主要人物：
伊菜扎·杜利特尔（伊）：穷苦的卖花姑娘，立志要改善自己的生活 希金斯教授（希）：语音学专家，坚信一个人的英语水平决定这个人的社会地位皮克林上校（皮）：陆军军官，后来成了希金斯教授的朋友，并给他安排了一项任务
Act One FATEFUL MEETINGS 11 :15 pm in London, England in 1914 outside a theatre.It is pouring with rain and cab whistles are blowing in all directions.A man is hiding from the rain listening to people's language and watching their reactions.While watching, he makes notes.Nearby a flower girl wearing dark garments and a woollen scarf is also sheltering from the rain.A gentleman(G)passes and hesitates for a moment.E: Come over’ere, cap’in, and buy me flowers off a poor girl.G: I'm sorry but I haven't any change.E: I can giv’ou change, cap’in.G:(surprised)For a pound? I'm afraid I've got nothing less.E:(hopefully)Oah!Oh, do buy a flower off me, Captain.Take this for three pence.(holds up some dead flowers)G:(uncomfortably)Now don't be troublesome, there's a good girl.(looks in his wallet and sounds more friendly)But, wait, here's some small change.Will that be of any use to you? It's raining heavily now, isn't it?(leaves)E:(disappointed at the outcome, but thinking it is better than nothing)
Thank you, sir.(sees a man taking notes and feels worried)Hey!I ain’t done nothing wrong by speaking to that gentleman.I've a right to sell flowers, I have.I ain’t no thief.I'm an honest girl I am!(begins to cry)H:(kindly)There!There!Who's hurting you, you silly girl? What do you take me for?(gives her a handkerchief)E: I thought maybe you was a policeman in disguise.H: Do I look like a policeman? E:(still worried)Then why did 'ou take down my words for? How do I know whether 'ou took me down right? 'ou just show me what 'ou've wrote about me!H: Here you are.(hands over the paper covered in writing)E: What's that? That ain't proper writing.I can't read that.(pushes it back at him)H: I can.(reads imitating Eliza)“Come over' ere, cap'in, and buy me flowers off a poor girl.”(in his own voice)There you are and you were born in Lisson Grove if I'm not mistaken.E:(looking confused)What if I was? What's it to you? CP:(has been watching the girl and now speaks to Higgins)That's quite brilliant!How did you do that, may I ask? H: Simply phonetics studied and classified from people's own speech.That's my profession and also my hobby.You can place a man by
just a few remarks.I can place any spoken conversation within six miles, and even within two streets in London sometimes.CP: Let me congratulate you!But is there an income to be made in that? H: Yes, indeed.Quite a good one.This is the age of the newly rich.People begin their working life in a poor neighbourhood of London with 80 pounds a year and end in a rich one with 100 thousand.But they betray themselves every time they open their mouths.Now once taught by me, she'd become an upper class lady...CP: Is that so? Extraordinary!H:(rudely)Look at this girl with her terrible English: the English that will condemn her to the gutter to the end of her days.But, sir,(proudly)once educated to speak properly, that girl could pass herself off in three months as a duchess at an ambassador's garden party.Perhaps I could even find her a place as a lady's maid or a shop assistant, which requires better English.E: What's that you say? A shop assistant? Now that's sommat I want, that is!H:(ignores her)Can you believe that? CP: Of course!I study many Indian dialects myself and...H: Do you indeed? Do you know Colonel Pickering? CP: Indeed I do, for that is me.Who are you?
H: I'm Henry Higgins and I was going to India to meet you.CP: And I came to England to make your acquaintance!E: What about me? How'll you help me? H: Oh, take that.(carelessly throws a handful of money into her basket)We must have a celebration, my dear man.(leave together)E:(looking at the collected money in amazement)Well, I never.A whole pound!A fortune!That'll help me, indeed it will.Tomorrow I'll find you, Henry Higgins.Just you wait and see!All that talk of(imitates him)“authentic English”...(in her own voice)I'll see whether you can get that for me...(goes out)第一幕
决定性的会面
1914年的某日晚上11点15分，在英国伦敦某剧场夕。正下着倾盆大雨，四处响着出租车的鸣笛声。有一位男士在躲雨，边听人们谈话边观察着人们的反应。他一边观察，一边作记录。附近一个穿着黑色衣裙围着羊毛围巾的卖花姑娘也在躲雨。这时有位先生（先）从这儿路过，他迟疑了片刻。
伊：长官，过这边来呀，买我这个苦命的孩子一束花吧！先：对不起，我没有零钱，伊：长官，我可以给你找零钱呀。
先：（惊奇地）一个英镑你找得开吗？没有再小的钱了。
伊：（带有希望的神色）啊！好啦，从我这买一束吧。拿这一束，只要三个便士o（举起一些已经枯萎的花）
先：（不舒服地）现在别烦我，好姑娘。（在他的口袋里找什么，这时语气好些了）等一等，这儿有几个零钱。这点钱对你有用吗？雨下大了，不是吗？（说完就走了）
伊：（对先生付的钱表现出失望的样子，但是有总比没有好）先生，谢谢了。（看到有人在记什么，感到担心）嗨，我跟那位先生讲话，又没做错什么事。我有权卖花吧，我有权嘛！我不是小偷，我是个老实姑娘，老老实实的！（开始哭起来）
希：（友善地）好啦，好啦！谁伤害你了，傻姑娘？你把我当成什么人了？（递给她一条手帕）
伊：我还以为你是一个便衣警察呢。希：我像警察吗？
伊：（仍在担心）那你为啥要把我说的话记下来呢？我怎么知道你是不是写对了呢？那你把你写的关于我的东西给我看看。希：你看吧！（把写满字的纸递给她）
伊：这是什么呀？不像规规矩矩的字，我看不懂。（把纸退回给他）希：我懂。（模仿伊的声音读）长官，过这边来呀，买我这个苦命孩子一束花吧！（改用自己的声音）好了吧，你呀，如果我没有弄错的话，你出生在里森格罗佛：
伊：（困惑不解的）如果我是又怎样呢？跟你有什么关系呢？ 皮：（本来是一直望着这个姑娘的，这时跟希金斯说话了）太棒了！请问你是怎么知道的呢？
希：对人的发音进行研究、分类，如此而已。这是我的专业，也是我 的业余爱好。你可以根据几句话判定是哪个地方的人。我可以根据任何谈话来判定他们是哪个地方的人，差距不过六英里，有时候在伦敦甚至不超过两个街区呢。
皮：恭喜你了！不过，你这样做有收入吗？
希：当然有哆，还挺高呢。这是个致富的年代
人们从伦敦的穷人区开始工作，年收入才80英镑，最后到了富人区工作，年收入就是10万英镑了，但是他们一张嘴就会露出马脚（暴露自己的身份）。如今如果让我一教，她就会变成一个上层阶级的淑女…… 皮：是吗？那太妙了！
希：（粗鲁地）你瞧这个姑娘，英语说得那样糟糕，使她注定要在贫民窟里待上一辈子。不过，先生，（高傲地）要是一旦有人教她把英语说好了，她就可以在三个月以内冒充公爵夫人出席大使主办的花园晚会了。说不定我还可 以给她找份工作，当一名贵夫人的侍女或商店的店员。这些工作都要求英语说得好呢。
伊：你说啥来着？店员？这正是我想要做的，真的！希：（不理睬她）你相信我说的话吗？
皮：当然相信。我自己就学了好多种印度方言，而且…… 希：真的吗？那你认不认得皮克林上校呢？ 皮：当然认得，皮克林就是我。那么请问您是谁？ 希：我是亨利·希金斯。我还打算要去印度见你呢： 皮：我也正是到英国来找你的！伊：我呢？你们怎么帮助我呢？
希：啊，拿去吧！（漫不经心地朝她的篮子里扔去一把钱）好老兄，我们该美美地庆祝一番了。（一道离去）
伊：（惊奇地看着收集起来的钱）啊，我还从来没有见过！整整一个英镑呢！一笔财富呀！这的确给我帮大忙了，真的。明天我一定去找你，亨利·希金斯。等着瞧吧！你那口（模仿他的声音）“真正的英语”……（用自己的声音）我倒要看看你能不能帮我找到……（离去）
Act Two, Scene 1 MAKING THE BET It is 11am in Henry Higgins' house the next day.Henry Higgins and Colonel Pickering are sitting deep in conversation.H: Do you want to hear any more sounds? CP: No, thank you.I rather fancied myself because I can pronounce twenty-four distinct vowel sounds;but your one hundred and thirty beat me.I can't distinguish most of them.H:(laughing)Well, that comes with practice.There is a knock and Mrs Pearce(MP), the housekeeper, comes in with cookies, a teapot, some cream and two cups.MP:(hesitating)A young girl is asking to see you.H: A young girl!What does she want? MP: Well, she's quite a common kind of girl with dirty nails.I thought perhaps you wanted her to talk into your machines.H: Why? Has she got an interesting accent? We'll see.Show her in, Mrs Pearce.MP:(only half resigned to it)Very well, sir.(goes downstairs)H: This is a bit of luck.I'll show you how I make records on wax disks...MP:(returning)This is the young girl, sir.(Eliza comes into the room shyly following Mrs Pearce.She is dirty and wearing a shabby dress.She curtsies to the two men.)H:(disappointed)Why!I've got this girl in my records.She's the one we saw the other day.She's no use at all.Take her away.CP:(gently to Eliza)What do you-want, young lady? E:(upset)I wanna be a lady in a flower shop 'stead o' selling flowers in the street.But they won't take me 'less I speak better.So here I am, ready to pay him.I'm not asking for any favourswhy, it's the best offer I've had!(to Eliza)But if I teach you, I'll be worse than a father.CP: I say, Higgins.Do you remember what you said last night? I'll
say you're the greatest teacher alive if you can pass her off as a lady.I'll be the referee for this little bet and pay for the lessons too...E:(gratefully)Oh, yer real good, yer are.Thank you, Colonel.H: Oh, she is so deliciously low.(compromises)OK, I'll teach you.(to Mrs Pearce)But she'll need to be cleaned first.Take her away, Mrs Pearce.Wash her and burn her horrible clothes.We'll buy her new ones.What's your name, girl? E: I'm Eliza Doolittle and I'm clean.My clothes went to the laundry when I washed last week.MP: Well, Mr Higgins has a bathtub of his own and he has a bath every morning.If these two gentlemen teach you, you'll have to do the same.They won't like the smell of you otherwise.E:(sobbing)I can't.I dursn't.It ain't natural and it'd kill me.I've never had a bath in my life;not over my whole body, neither below my waist nor taking my vest off.I'd never have come if I'd known about this disgusting thing you want me to do...H: Once more, take her away, Mrs Pearce, immediately.(Outside Eliza is still weeping with Mrs Pearce)You see the problem, Pickering.It'll be how to teach her grammar, not just pronunciation.She's in need of both.CP: And there's another problem, Higgins.What are we going to do once the experiment is over?
H:(heartily)Throw her back.CP: But you cannot overlook that!She'll be changed and she has feelings too.We must be practical, mustn't we? H: Well, we'll deal with that later.First, we must plan the best way to teach her.CP: How about beginning with the alphabet.That's usually considered very effective...(fades out as they go offstage together)
选修8 Unit 5 Meeting your ancestors-Reading A VISIT TO THE ZHOUKOUDIAIN CAVES A group of students(S)from England has come to the Zhoukoudian caves for a visit.An archaeologist(A)is showing them round.A: Welcome to the Zhoukoudian caves here in China.It is a great pleasure to meet you students from England, who are interested in archaeology.You must be aware that it's here that we found evidence of some of the earliest people who lived in this part of the world.We've been excavating here for many years and...S1: I'm sorry to interrupt you but how could they live here? There are only rocks and trees.A: Good question.You are an acute observer.We have found human and animal bones in those caves higher up the hill as well as
tools and other objects.So we think it is reasonable to assume they lived in these caves, regardless of the cold.S2: How did they keep warm? They couldn't have mats, blankets or quilts like we do.It must have been very uncomfortable.A: We've discovered fireplaces in the centre of the caves where they made fires.That would have kept them warm, cooked the food and scared wild beasts away as well.We have been excavating layers of ash almost six metres thick, which suggests that they might have kept the fire burning all winter.We haven't found any doors but we think they might have hung animal skins at the cave mouth to keep out the cold during the freezing winter.S3: What wild animals were there all that time ago? A: Well, we've been finding the bones of tigers and bears in the caves, and we think these were their most dangerous enemies.Now what do you think this tells us about the life of these early people?(shows picture of a sewing needle)S2.: Gosh!That's a needle.Goodness, does that mean they repaired things? A: What else do you think it might have been used for? S4: Let me look at it.It's at most three centimetres long.Ah yes, it seems to be made of bone.I wonder how they made the hole for the...S2:(interrupting)Do you mean that they made their own clothes? Where did they get the material? A: They didn't have material like we have today.Can you guess what they used? Sl: Wow!Did they wear clothes made entirely of animal skins? How did they prepare them? I'm sure they were quite heavy to cut and sew together.A: Our evidence suggests that they did wear clothes made from animal skins.We continue discovering tools that were sharpeners for other tools.It seems that they used the sharpened stone tools to cut up animals and remove their skin.Then smaller scrapers were probably used to remove the fat and meat from the skin.After that they would rub an ample amount of salt onto the skin to make it soft.Finally, they would cut it and sew the pieces together.Quite a difficult and messy task!Now look at this.(shows a necklace)S2:Why, it's a primitive necklace.Did early people really care about their appearance like we do? It's lovely!A:Yes, and so well preserved.What do you think it's made of?.S4:Let me see.Oh, I think some of the beads are made of animal bones but others are made of shells.A:How clever you are!One bone is actually an animal tooth and the shells are from the seaside.Can you identify any other bones?
S1:This one looks very much like a fish bone.Is that reasonable? A:Yes, indeed, as the botanical analyses have shown us, all the fields around here used to be part of a large shallow lake.Probably there were fish in it.S3:But a lake is not the sea.We are miles from the sea, so how did the seashells get here? A:Perhaps there was trade between early peoples or they travelled to the seaside on their journeys.We know that they moved around, following the herds of animals.They didn't grow their own crops, but picked fruit when it ripened and hunted animals.That's why they are called hunters and gatherers.Now, why don't we go and visit the caves?
Unit5 周口店洞穴参观记
一群英国学生（学）来到周口店洞穴参观。有一位考古学家（考）正领着他们参观。
考：欢迎到中国来参观周口店洞穴。很高兴见到你们这些从英国来的对考古学感兴趣的学生。你们想必都很清楚，正是在这个地方，我们找到了世界上居住在这个地方最早人类的证据。我们在这儿进行的挖掘工作已经很多年了，而且…… 学1：
对不起，打断一下你的讲话，请问他们是怎么住在这个地方的呢？这儿只有石头和树木。考：问得好。你是个敏锐的观察者，在高山上的那些洞穴里我们找到了人骨和兽骨，还有工具和其他物品因此，我们有理由认为他们不顾严寒，就住在这些洞穴里。
学2：那他们是怎样取暖的呢？他们不可能像我们现在这样有垫子、毯子和被子。想必是很不舒服的了。
考：我们发现在洞穴中央有生火用的地炉。他们用地炉里的火来取暖、做饭，还可以用火来吓跑野兽。我们一直在挖掘一层层的积灰，几乎有六米厚，这意味着他们可能整个冬天都在烧火。我们还没有找到门，但我们认为在天寒地冻的冬季他们可能是用兽皮挂在洞口来防寒的。学3：在那以前有些什么野兽吗？考：嗯，我们在洞里发现了老虎和熊的骨头。我们认为这些野兽对他们来讲是最危险的敌人了。现在，你们看这个东西能告诉我们有关早期人类生活的什么情况呢？（指着一张有针线的照片让大家看）
学2：哎呀，那是一根针！天哪，难道他们还会修补东西吗？ 考：除此之外，你认为还可能派别的什么用场吗？
学4：让我看看。这个东西最多三厘米长，看起来像是用骨头做的。我不知道他们是怎样做成针眼的……
学2：（插话）你是不是说他们自己做衣服穿？他们又是从哪里得到衣料的呢？
考：他们没有像我们今天穿的这种衣料。你能猜出他们用的是什么吗？ 学1：哇，他们穿的衣服全都是用兽皮做的吗？他们那些衣服是怎样做
成的？我确信它们裁剪并缝起来又厚又重。
考：我们有证据表明，他们的确穿的是用兽皮制的衣服。我们不断发现一些磨削其他工具用的工具。看样子他们可能是用磨尖的石器来切割野兽并剥皮，再用小一些的刮子把皮上的脂肪和肉去掉。然后，他们可能在兽皮上擦上大量的盐，使皮变柔软。最后进行剪裁，缝起来就成了。确实是既难又脏的活！现在来看看这个吧。（指着一串项链）考：你真聪明！有块骨头实际上是野兽的牙齿，贝壳是从海边捡来的。你还认得别的骨头吗？ 学1：这根很像鱼骨头，对吗？
考：很对。植物学的分析结果明确地告诉我们，这儿四周曾经是一个很．大的浅水湖。毫无疑问，当时湖里是有鱼的。
学3：不过，湖并不是海呀，我们离海还远着呢¨眷客，更壳又是怎么来的呢？
考：早期人类之间也许有贸易来往，或者他们也可能旅行到海边去。我们知道，他们跟着兽群四处走。他们并不种植谷物，而是在野果熟了的时候采摘它们并捕杀野兽来充饥。这就是他们被称之为猎人和采摘者的缘故。现在，咱们去参观洞穴好吗？ THE FEAST: 18,000 BC Worried about the preparations for her feast, Lala quickly turned for home with her collection of nuts, melons and other fruit.It was the custom of family groups to separate and then gather again at different sites for reunions as they followed the animal herds across
the grasslands.A wrinkle appeared on her forehead.If only it could be just like last year!At that time she had been so happy when Dahu chose her as the future mother of his children.He was the best toolmaker in the group and it was a great honour for her to be chosen.She remembered the blood pulsing through her veins.She had felt so proud as the group shouted loudly to applaud his choice.If only she had looked ahead and planned better this year!Then she wouldn't have been feeling so worried now.Having heard wolves howling in the forest, Lala accelerated her walk up the path to the caves fearing that there might be wild beasts lying in wait for her.She had no man with his spear to protect her.She had almost reached her destination when a delicious smell arrested her progress and she stopped.So the men had brought home the meat for the feast!The smell of cooking meat filled the air surrounding her, and her senses became dizzy with hunger.She could see her mother and the older children preparing the deer and pig meat over the fire.Her aunts were making clothes with animal skins.Abruptly she sat down, only to be scooped up by her laughing, shouting sister, Luna.Lala smiled with relief.It was good to have her family around her.Just then a tall man came up behind her.He had a large, square face, with strongly pronounced eyebrows and cheekbones.Over his
shoulder he carried several fish and some pieces of wood under his arm.Lala smiled and handed some stone scrapers over to Dahu, who smiled and went outside the cave to begin his task.First he looked carefully at the scrapers and then went to a corner of the cave and pulled out some more tools.They were in a pile with other sharp arrowheads and stone axe-heads.He chose one large stone and began to use it like a hammer striking the edge of the scraper that needed sharpening.Now and then Dahu would stop, look at it and try it against his hand before continuing his task.He stopped when he felt the scrapers were sharp enough to cut up the meat and scrape the fish.As he passed them to Lala, the first of the guests from the neighbouring caves began to arrive for dinner.Lala's spirits rose.Yes, it was going to be just as wonderful as last year!She smiled to herself gaily and went out of the cave to welcome her friends and neighbours.
第二篇：高中英语选修7课文翻译
第一单元篮球
迈克尔 乔丹——篮坛超人
20世纪90年代，迈克尔 乔丹可能是狮山最著名的运动员，他是NBA的顶尖邱yuan1984nean到1993年间效力于芝加哥公牛队，他曾5次荣膺最有价值的球员的称号。身着著名的23号球衣，迈克尔 乔丹成为篮球运动史上最成功的球员。
乔丹出生于纽约，在北卡罗来纳州长打在加入芝加哥公牛队之前，他在北卡罗来纳大学习了一年。在第一赛季（1984-1985），他就以平均每场28.2分的成绩成为联盟得分最高的球员之一。
1987年，乔丹成为在一个笑傲江湖重点额分超过3000分的第二个球员。以后连续七个赛季（1987-1993），他都是NBA的得分王。这期间，他每场比赛的平均分都超过30分。有了他的参与，公牛队在1991年首次获得NBA总冠军。在这段日子里，捷报频传，他们在1992年和1993年偶蝉联了总冠军。驰奥迪也是人称“梦之队”的美国奥林匹克篮球队的成员。这支球队在1992年西班牙巴塞罗那奥运会上夺去了金牌。
1993-1994赛季前乔丹退役，举世震惊。但后来他有回到了芝加哥公牛队，并和队友们一起在1996年到1998年间有获得了三次冠军。2003年40岁的驰奥迪在最终退出体坛前，还曾效力于华盛顿奇才队。数百万的球迷们都很钦佩乔丹的运动才能，动力和信心。他们可以讲述很多管用迈克尔 乔丹的传奇故事，例如一次他在比赛的关键时刻拯救了公牛队，从而避免达成平局。他走向罚球线发了两次球，每次他都把球直接投进了篮球——每次都是闭着眼睛投进去的。
离开篮坛，迈克尔 乔丹开了一家自己的牛排馆，因为他很爱吃牛排。在和著名卡通人物宾尼兔一起演出的影片《空中大灌篮》中，他也获得了成功！
对于这位世界上最优秀的球员，只有一个词能用来形容他——令人敬佩。
高跷威尔特——神力之巅
迈克尔 乔丹是一个赛季中得分超过３０００分的第二人，第一人是威尔特 张伯伦。张伯伦于１９３６年８月２１日出生于费城。他是家里１１个孩子中唯一一个长得很高的。父亲威廉在造船厂干活，母亲奥利维亚是一名清洁工。孩童时的张伯伦有各种各样的健康问题。他１０岁时得过肺炎，差点儿死去。
张伯伦是整个赛季中平均每场得分超过５０分的唯一一个ＮＢＡ球员。曾几何时，张伯伦比起他所有运动员都优秀得多，以至于他们改变了比赛规则来试图限制他！
１９５９－１９６０赛季间，这位篮坛巨人加盟NBA费城勇士队并立即获得成公在为四支不同球队效力的14个赛季期间，张伯伦四次被评联盟最有价值的球员。1962年3月2日，他单场比赛得了100分——迄今为止还没有人打破那一记录！最后的比分是勇士169对纽约尼克斯147！
在加盟洛杉矶湖人队度过五个美好的赛季后，威尔特结束了他职业生涯。一直到退役，威尔特还保持着多项NBA记录：118次单场比赛得50分或50分以上，32次得60分或60分以上。
威尔特 张伯伦比迈克尔 乔丹还要优秀吗？谁知道呢？但是毫无疑问，他无愧于“一代杰出球员”这一称号。
学校篮球令人眩晕的高度
篮球是在安全的体育运动之一。不想摔跤和拳击，通常它是没有危险的。原因之一是球员的力量部分是向上的，与地面形成90度的角，而且在其他人的头上方。所以两个球员之间碰撞的风险是很小的。
在其他的运动中，比如棒球和美式足球，球员的力量运行方向与地面是平行的，并且朝着他们的对手，所以他们带着头盔来给他们的头部以充分的保护。
第三篇：高中英语选修八课文翻译LOUIS ARMSTRONG THE GRANDFATHER OF JAZZ
路易斯·阿姆斯特朗:爵士乐的先祖
有些人之所以伟大,不仅仅是因为他们的成就,还因为他们的个性。路易斯·阿姆斯特朗就是这样一个人,他无疑是所有爵士音乐家中最具影响力的。
1901年，路易斯·阿姆斯特朗出生在新奥尔良,他非常穷,他经常到华丽的餐厅外面的垃圾箱中“购物”。尽管一些与他状况相同的男孩可能走向犯罪的道路以得到的钱来买食物和衣服,但路易斯从来没有。相反,他和其他几个男孩在新奥尔良的街头靠唱歌从路人那儿赚几美分。
12岁时,路易斯因为在新年晚会向空中鸣枪而被警察逮捕。他被送到了一个为问题男孩建立的学校中学习，在那里音乐老师教他打鼓和吹号。两年之后当他离开学校时, 路易斯尽他所能找到了一份工作,并且在晚上他会去有爵士音乐家演奏的俱乐部里倾听和学习。他被一个叫做乔“王”奥利弗的著名的音乐家注意到，这之后乔开始教他爵士乐并帮他在乐队中找到了工作。1917年，当乔奥利弗离开新奥尔良时,路易斯在一个镇上最好的乐队接管了他的工作。
在接下来的几年里,路易斯在音乐方面有了提高,他在1922年开始在美国其他城市旅行,他向热情的观众展示了他特殊的爵士乐风格。1924年,他开始出唱片,从那时起,来自世界各地的音乐家会听他的演奏。不久,他已经成长为一颗冉冉升起的爵士乐新星,就如同现在的摇滚明星一样。路易喜欢让大众开心,他在1932年去欧洲之前巡回了全美。
在于他的乐队演奏和出唱片的同时,近50年来,路易斯·阿姆斯特朗还参与超过50个电影,写了两本自传。他能够与有着不同背景的人沟通——穷人和富人、名人和普通人、受过教育的和没有受过教育的,音乐家和非音乐家。因为这个原因,政府鼓励他作为一个美国的非官方的亲善大使出访外国,尤其是欧洲和非洲,。他在美国公开发表关于黑人权利的演讲,利用他的名望为所有的美国公民争取平等权利。
虽然他变得富有和著名,路易斯·阿姆斯特朗继续在工人阶级社区过着一种简单的生活。虽然在最后三年生活中他的身体不是很好,但他仍继续演奏和出唱片,直到1971年7月6日 ,在纽约的家中路易斯·阿姆斯特朗在睡梦中死去。路易斯·阿姆斯特朗是人们还记得的在早期爵士乐历史中最重要的人。他的音乐曾像如今流行音乐一样流行，并且他在1924至1971年中大多数的音乐唱片仍能引起人们的共鸣。
第四篇：高中英语人教版选修8翻译课文翻译
英语 选修8 翻译
Unit1 一个多元文化的国家
加利福尼亚是美国的第三大州，而且是人口最多的州。加州与众不同之处在于它也是美国最具多元文化的一个州，它吸引了来自世界各地的人们。这些移民的风俗习惯以及语言在他们的新家都得以延续。当你了解了加利福尼亚的历史后，你就不会对此感到惊讶了。
美洲土著人
最早的一批人具体是在什么时候来到我们现在所知道的加利福尼亚地区的，谁也说不清楚。然而，很可能至少在15 ,000年以前美洲土著人就住在加利福尼亚了。科学家们认为，这些迁居者通过一条史前时代曾经存在的大陆桥穿越北极地区的白令海峡到达美洲。欧洲人在16世纪来到这儿后，土著人遭受了极大的苦难，成千上万的人被杀害或被迫成为奴隶。此外，欧洲人带来了疾病，使许多人染病而死，不过，还是有一些人在经历了这些恐怖时期后活下来了。今天住在加利福尼亚的美洲土著人比任何其他州的都要多。
西班牙人
在18世纪的时候，加利福尼亚是由西班牙统治的西班牙士兵最早是在1 6世纪初期来到南美洲的，他们同土著人打仗，并夺去了他们的土地。两个世纪以后，西班牙人在南美洲的大部分地区定居下来，而且还在我们现在称之为美国的西北沿海地区住下来。在首批移 居加州的西班牙人中，大部分是宗教人士，他们的职责是向原住民传授天主教。1821年，墨西哥人从西班牙获得了独立-加利福尼亚于是成了墨西哥的一部分。1846年美国向墨西哥宣战，美国赢得战争胜利后，墨西哥被迫把加利福尼亚割让给美国。但是，这个州至今仍然保留着很强的西班牙的影响。这就是为什么今天还有40%的加利福尼亚人仍然把西班牙语作为第一或第二语言的缘故。
俄罗斯人
19世纪初期，一批最初到阿拉斯加的俄罗斯猎人开始在加利福尼亚定居下来。今天，住在圣弗朗西斯科（旧金山）及其周边地区的美籍俄罗斯人约有25,000人。
淘金矿工
1848年，在美国同墨西哥开战之后不久，在加利福尼亚发现了金矿。发财梦很快就吸引了世界各地的人。距离最近因而来得最早的是南美洲人和美国人。随后跟着来的有欧洲和亚洲的探险家。事实上很少有人圆了发财梦。一些人死了或回家了，但是尽管条件十分艰苦，多数人还是留在了加利福尼亚劳作谋生，并在新的城镇或农场里定居下来。到1850年加利福尼亚成为美国第31个州的时候，它已经是一个有着多种文化的社会了。
后来的移民
虽然中国移民在淘金热时期就开始到来了，但是更大批量的移民却是在1 9世纪60年代为了修建贯穿美国东西海岸的铁路而来的。今天，加利福尼亚州各地都有美籍华人，尽管有很大比例的华人还是选择住在洛杉矶和圣弗朗西斯科（旧金山）的“中国城”里。
19世纪后期，其他国家的移民，比如意大利人来到了加利福尼亚，他们主要是渔民，也有制酒工人。1911年，丹麦的移民建立了自己的城镇，至今仍然保留着丹麦文化。20世纪20年代，电影业在加州的好莱坞建立了起来。这个行业吸引了大量的欧洲人，包括许多犹太人。今天，加利福尼亚的犹太人口在美国占第二位。
日本农民是在20世纪初期开始到加利福尼亚来的，而从20世纪80年代以来就有更多的日本人在加利福尼亚定居了。非洲人从1 9世纪就在加利福尼亚住下来，他们是从墨西哥向北迁来的。然而，更多的非洲人是在1942年至1945年期间来到加利福尼亚的，当时他们是到船厂和飞机厂工作。
最近期的移民
在最近的几十年里，加利福尼亚成了更多的亚洲人的家，包括朝鲜人、柬埔寨人、越南人和老挝人。从20世纪70年代以来，计算机工业吸引了印度人和巴基斯坦人来到加州。
未来展望
世界各地的人，由于受到气候条件和生活方式的吸引，仍然在继续迁入加利福尼亚。人们认为，要不了多久，多种国籍的混合将会非常之大，以致不可能存在一种主要的种 族或文化群体，而是多种族、多文化的混合体。
Unit2 克隆：它将把我们引向何方？
克隆一直与我们同在，而如今它还要持续下去。这是一种用来生产与原型完全相同的动植物的方法。当园艺师从生长着的植物上剪下枝条来培植新植物时，就会产生这种现象。这种现象也发生在动物身上，从同一个原生卵子产生性别和相貌相同的双胞胎也是克隆。实际上，这些都是自然克隆现象。
克隆技术有两大用途。第一，园艺师一直用它生产大量的供商用的植物；第二，它在对新植物物种的研究以及对动物的医学研究方面都是很有价值的。克隆植物简单，但克隆动物就比较复杂了，是一项很难完成的任务。克隆哺乳动物的多次尝试都失败了。但是，科学家的决心和耐心最终得到了回报，这就是1996年具有突破性的克隆羊“多莉”的诞生。它的程序如下图所示：
1．母羊(A)提供一个卵细胞。2．在卵细胞中取出细胞核。
3．卵细胞准备接受新的细胞核。
4．母羊(B)提供一个供克隆的躯干细胞。该细胞核应包含生产一头新羊所需要的全部基因。5．取出该细胞的细胞核。
6．用电把母羊(B)的躯干细胞核和母羊(A)的卵细胞结合起来。7．细胞分裂并生长成胚胎。
8．把胚胎植入另外一头母羊(C)体内，母羊(C)就是克隆羊的代孕者。
9．这头小羔羊就是母羊(B)所提，供的细胞核克隆而成的。
一方面，整个科学界都在关注着首例成功的克隆动物多莉羊的成长¨多莉看来是在正常地成长着，这很令人鼓舞。接着传来了多莉病重的坏消息。研究克隆的科学家发现多莉得的病更容易发生在年老的羊身上．这让他们很沮丧。多莉总共只存活了六年半，这是它的原型羊寿命的一半。可悲的是，同样无法控制的命运也在影响着其他物种，如克隆鼠。科学家的脑海里产生的问题是：“这是不是所有克隆动物的一个主要困难呢？这种现象会不会永远发生？如果改进程序，问题会不会解决？
另一方面，多莉的出生引起了一阵强烈的反对，对，对媒体和公众的想象力也产生了巨大的影响。它引起了争议，因为它突然打开了人们的眼界，看到了有可能：用克隆技术来治疗重病，甚至克隆出人类。
尽管目前供克隆研究的人体卵细胞和胚胎还很难得到，但报纸报道说，有些邪恶头目希望把自己克隆出来以实现他的野心。宗教领袖也提出了道德方面的问题。各国政府惶恐不安而且更加谨慎，有些政府开始改革司法制度，明令禁止进行克隆人类的研究。但是其他国家如中国和英国，则还在继续收集克隆技术有可能提供丰富有的医疗救助的证据。然而，科学察们仍对克隆技术有助于人类还是有害于人类，以及克隆技术将把我们引向何处困惑。
Unit3 蛇的困扰
我给住在乡下的母亲打电话的时候，她感到很心烦。“我们院子里有几条蛇，”她告诉我说，“蛇时不时地爬到屋子旁边来，似乎是在屋子附近离胡桃树不远的地方安家了。你能不能把它们赶走？”我感到很自豪。这回我有机会来表现一下自己了。我要发明某种仁慈的东西，既可以把蛇捉住，而又不会伤害它们。我知道我的父母是不会让我伤害这些生物的。
我所做的第一件事就是看看有没有现成的任何产品能帮助我。但是，看来只有一种毒蛇的药粉。很明显，我得找一种新的方法了。于是我就着手研究蛇的习性，以便能用最容易的方法来捉住他们。好在这些爬行动物都很小，问题比较容易解决。
经过一番研究准备之后，我决定采用三种可能的方法：第一，铲除蛇的栖息地；第二，用男人或女人的香水或食物把它们引进陷阱；第三，降低它们的体温，使它们困乏，这样就很容易把它们捉住。我决定采用最后一种方法。我买了一个制冰淇淋的不锈钢碗。在碗的内壁和外壁都抹上果冻，这些果冻冷却后会冻结。我把这个碗放进冰箱，冷冻了24个小时。与此同时，我还准备了一些冰块儿。
第二次试验我用的还是冻结的碗和冰块儿，但是这次我是在夜晚气温开始变凉的时候把它们放在蛇窝的上方，然后像以前那样用桶把碗罩住，通宵放在那儿。第二天一早我就去看结果。这一次我小心翼翼地蹲下去检查的时候，发现蛇都是睡意浓浓的。但是一把它们提起来，它们就要咬我。因为它们都是毒蛇，所以很显然我还得改进我的捕蛇方案。
第三次试验重复了上一次的程序，不过第二天早晨我的手里拿了一个捕鱼用的小网。这是因为我预料蛇还全再咬人。但是经过仔细监视，证明这些蛇是制造不了麻烦的，一切都按计划进行着。我把这些温顺的蛇收集起来，第二天就愉快地把他们全都释放到野外去了。
由于朋友和亲戚的敦促，我决定把我这次的发明运到专利局去，请他们对我这次成功的思路给予认可。只有你得到这种承认，你才可以说你是一个真正的发明者二（评定）专利标准非常严格，除非新的想法真是新颖的，否则很难被接受。此外，你的想法如果属于下列情况，那么你也不可能得到专利：
·一种发现·一种科学理论或数学模式·文学或艺术·一场游戏或一笔交易·一个电脑程序 ·一种新的动植物物种
你的产品要经过仔细调查，证明它确实是与众不同的，你才能获得专利。专利局还有一大批审查人员，他们的唯一职责就是审查你的专利申请是否有效。如果通过了所有这些审查，你申请的专利就会在你提出申请的18个月之后公布出来。于是，我填了表，向专利局提交了申请书。现在就是等，待和期盼了。将来你看看我的银行结余金额就会知道我是否成功了祝我好运吧。
Unit4 皮格马利翁
主要人物： 伊菜扎·杜利特尔（伊）：穷苦的卖花姑娘，立志要改善自己的生活
希金斯教授（希）：语音学专家，坚信一个人的英语水平决定这个人的社会地位 皮克林上校（皮）：陆军军官，后来成了希金斯教授的朋友，并给他安排了一项任务 第一幕
决定性的会面
1914年的某日晚上11点15分，在英国伦敦某剧场夕。正下着倾盆大雨，四处响着出租车的鸣笛声。有一位男士在躲雨，边听人们谈话边观察着人们的反应。他一边观察，一边作记录。附近一个穿着黑色衣裙围着羊毛围巾的卖花姑娘也在躲雨。这时有位先生（先）从这儿路过，他迟疑了片刻。
伊：长官，过这边来呀，买我这个苦命的孩子一束花吧！先：对不起，我没有零钱，伊：长官，我可以给你找零钱呀。先：（惊奇地）一个英镑你找得开吗？没有再小的钱了。伊：（带有希望的神色）啊！好啦，从我这买一束吧。拿这一束，只要三个便士o（举起一些已经枯萎的花）
先：（不舒服地）现在别烦我，好姑娘。（在他的口袋里找什么，这时语气好些了）等一等，这儿有几个零钱。这点钱对你有用吗？雨下大了，不是吗？（说完就走了）
伊：（对先生付的钱表现出失望的样子，但是有总比没有好）先生，谢谢了。（看到有人在记什么，感到担心）嗨，我跟那位先生讲话，又没做错什么事。我有权卖花吧，我有权嘛！我不是小偷，我是个老实姑娘，老老实实的！（开始哭起来）
希：（友善地）好啦，好啦！谁伤害你了，傻姑娘？你把我当成什么人了？（递给她一条手帕）
伊：我还以为你是一个便衣警察呢。希：我像警察吗？
伊：（仍在担心）那你为啥要把我说的话记下来呢？我怎么知道你是不是写对了呢？那你把你写的关于我的东西给我看看。
希：你看吧！（把写满字的纸递给她）
伊：这是什么呀？不像规规矩矩的字，我看不懂。（把纸退回给他）希：我懂。（模仿伊的声音读）长官，过这边来呀，买我这个苦命孩子一束花吧！（改用自己的声音）好了吧，你呀，如果我没有弄错的话，你出生在里森格罗佛： 伊：（困惑不解的）如果我是又怎样呢？跟你有什么关系呢？
皮：（本来是一直望着这个姑娘的，这时跟希金斯说话了）太棒了！请问你是怎么知道的呢？ 希：对人的发音进行研究、分类，如此而已。这是我的专业，也是我的业余爱好。你可以根据几句话判定是哪个地方的人。我可以根据任何谈话来判定他们是哪个地方的人，差距不过六英里，有时候在伦敦甚至不超过两个街区呢。
皮：恭喜你了！不过，你这样做有收入吗？
希：当然有哆，还挺高呢。这是个致富的年代
人们从伦敦的穷人区开始工作，年收入才80英镑，最后到了富人区工作，年收入就是10万英镑了，但是他们一张嘴就会露出马脚（暴露自己的身份）。如今如果让我一教，她就会变成一个上层阶级的淑女…… 皮：是吗？那太妙了！
希：（粗鲁地）你瞧这个姑娘，英语说得那样糟糕，使她注定要在贫民窟里待上一辈子。不过，先生，（高傲地）要是一旦有人教她把英语说好了，她就可以在三个月以内冒充公爵夫人出席大使主办的花园晚会了。说不定我还可 以给她找份工作，当一名贵夫人的侍女或商店的店员。这些工作都要求英语说得好呢。
伊：你说啥来着？店员？这正是我想要做的，真的！希：（不理睬她）你相信我说的话吗？ 皮：当然相信。我自己就学了好多种印度方言，而且…… 希：真的吗？那你认不认得皮克林上校呢？
皮：当然认得，皮克林就是我。那么请问您是谁？ 希：我是亨利·希金斯。我还打算要去印度见你呢： 皮：我也正是到英国来找你的！
伊：我呢？你们怎么帮助我呢？ 希：啊，拿去吧！（漫不经心地朝她的篮子里扔去一把钱）好老兄，我们该美美地庆祝一番了。（一道离去）伊：（惊奇地看着收集起来的钱）啊，我还从来没有见过！整整一个英镑呢！一笔财富呀！这的确给我帮大忙了，真的。明天我一定去找你，亨利·希金斯。等着瞧吧！你那口（模仿他的声音）“真正的英语”……（用自己的声音）我倒要看看你能不能帮我找到……（离去）
Unit5 周口店洞穴参观记
一群英国学生（学）来到周口店洞穴参观。有一位考古学家（考）正领着他们参观。考：欢迎到中国来参观周口店洞穴。很高兴见到你们这些从英国来的对考古学感兴趣的学生。你们想必都很清楚，正是在这个地方，我们找到了世界上居住在这个地方最早人类的证据。我们在这儿进行的挖掘工作已经很多年了，而且…… 学1：
对不起，打断一下你的讲话，请问他们是怎么住在这个地方的呢？这儿只有石头和树木。考：问得好。你是个敏锐的观察者，在高山上的那些洞穴里我们找到了人骨和兽骨，还有工具和其他物品因此，我们有理由认为他们不顾严寒，就住在这些洞穴里。
学2：那他们是怎样取暖的呢？他们不可能像我们现在这样有垫子、毯子和被子。想必是很不舒服的了。
考：我们发现在洞穴中央有生火用的地炉。他们用地炉里的火来取暖、做饭，还可以用火来吓跑野兽。我们一直在挖掘一层层的积灰，几乎有六米厚，这意味着他们可能整个冬天都在烧火。我们还没有找到门，但我们认为在天寒地冻的冬季他们可能是用兽皮挂在洞口来防寒的。
学3：在那以前有些什么野兽吗？考：嗯，我们在洞里发现了老虎和熊的骨头。我们认为这些野兽对他们来讲是最危险的敌人了。现在，你们看这个东西能告诉我们有关早期人类生活的什么情况呢？（指着一张有针线的照片让大家看）
学2：哎呀，那是一根针！天哪，难道他们还会修补东西吗？ 考：除此之外，你认为还可能派别的什么用场吗？
学4：让我看看。这个东西最多三厘米长，看起来像是用骨头做的。我不知道他们是怎样做成针眼的……
学2：（插话）你是不是说他们自己做衣服穿？他们又是从哪里得到衣料的呢？ 考：他们没有像我们今天穿的这种衣料。你能猜出他们用的是什么吗？
学1：哇，他们穿的衣服全都是用兽皮做的吗？他们那些衣服是怎样做成的？我确信它们裁剪并缝起来又厚又重。
考：我们有证据表明，他们的确穿的是用兽皮制的衣服。我们不断发现一些磨削其他工具用的工具。看样子他们可能是用磨尖的石器来切割野兽并剥皮，再用小一些的刮子把皮上的脂肪和肉去掉。然后，他们可能在兽皮上擦上大量的盐，使皮变柔软。最后进行剪裁，缝起来就成了。确实是既难又脏的活！现在来看看这个吧。（指着一串项链）考：你真聪明！有块骨头实际上是野兽的牙齿，贝壳是从海边捡来的。你还认得别的骨头吗？ 学1：这根很像鱼骨头，对吗？
考：很对。植物学的分析结果明确地告诉我们，这儿四周曾经是一个很．大的浅水湖。毫无疑问，当时湖里是有鱼的。
学3：不过，湖并不是海呀，我们离海还远着呢¨眷客，更壳又是怎么来的呢？
考：早期人类之间也许有贸易来往，或者他们也可能旅行到海边去。我们知道，他们跟着兽群四处走。他们并不种植谷物，而是在野果熟了的时候采摘它们并捕杀野兽来充饥。这就是他们被称之为猎人和采摘者的缘故。现在，咱们去参观洞穴好吗？
第五篇：高中英语选修7课文逐句翻译(人教版)（范文）
1.选修七Unit1 MARTY’S STORY马蒂的故事
Hi, my name is Marty Fielding and I guess you could say that I am “one in a million”.你好。我叫马蒂·菲尔丁。我想你可能会说我是―百万人中才有一个‖的那种人。In other words, there are not many people like me.换句话说，世界上像我这样的人并不多见。You see, I have a muscle disease which makes me very weak, so I can't run or climb stairs as quickly as other people.你瞧，我的肌肉有毛病，使我的身体非常虚弱，所以我不能像别人那样快跑快步爬楼梯。In addition, sometimes I am very clumsy and drop things or bump into furniture.再说，有时候我还会笨手笨脚、不小心摔掉东西，或磕碰到家具上。Unfortunately, the doctors don't know how to make me better, but I am very outgoing and have learned to adapt to my disability.不幸的是，大夫们不知道如何治好我的病，但是我很开朗乐观，学会了适应身体的残疾。My motto is: live one day at a time.我的座右铭是：活好每一天。
Until I was ten years old I was the same as everyone else.十岁以前，我跟其他人是一样的。I used to climb trees, swim and play football.我常常爬树、游泳、踢足球。In fact, I used to dream about playing professional football and possibly representing my country in the World Cup.说实在的，我过去常常梦想我会成为职业球员，代表我们的国家参加世界杯足球赛。Then I started to get weaker and weaker, until I could only enjoy football from a bench at the stadium.后来，我的身体开始变得越来越虚弱，以至于只能坐在体育场的长凳上欣赏足球了。In the end I went into hospital for medical tests.I stayed there for nearly three months.最后我到医院去做了检查，几乎住了三个月的医院。I think I had at least a billion tests, including one in which they cut out a piece of muscle from my leg and looked at it under a microscope.我想我至少做过十亿次检查，这还包括一次他们从我的大腿上切下一片肌肉放在显微镜下观察, Even after all that, no one could give my disease a name and it is difficult to know what the future holds.也没人能够确诊这个病，因此很难知道将来会是个什么样子。
One problem is that I don't look any different from other people.问题是我看上去跟平常人一样。So sometimes some children in my primary school would laugh, when I got out of breath after running a short way or had to stop and rest halfway up the stairs.因此，当我跑了很短的一段路之后，我就会喘不过气来，或者爬楼才爬到一半就得停下来休息。因此，上小学时有的孩子见了我这种情况就会笑话我。Sometimes, too, I was too weak to go to school so my education suffered.有时候我的身体太虚弱上不了学，因此落了许多功课。Every time I returned after an absence, I felt stupid because I was behind the others.每次缺课之后，我就觉得自己很笨，因为我比别人落后了。
My life is a lot easier at high school because my fellow students have accepted me.我在中学时期的生活（比在小学时）要轻松多了，因为我的同学开始接受了我的状况。The few who cannot see the real person inside my body do not make me annoyed, and I just ignore them.还有些同学看不到我的内心世界，但是我并不生气，只是不去理会他们罢了。All in all I have a good life.总而言之，我生活得挺好。I am happy to have found many things I can do, like writing and computer programming.我很高兴我能做许多事情，比如写作和电脑编程。My ambition is to work for a firm that develops computer software when I grow up.我有雄心壮志，长大后我要在开发电脑软件的公司里工作。Last year I invented a computer football game and a big company has decided to buy it from me.去年我发明了一个电脑足球游戏，有一家大公司已经决定从我这儿买走。I have a very busy life with no time to sit around feeling sorry for myself.我的生活很充实，没有时间闲坐着顾影自怜。As well as going to the movies and football matches with my friends, I spend a lot of time with my pets.除了同我的朋友一起去看电影和足球比赛，我还花很多时间和我的宠物在一起。I have two rabbits, a parrot, a tank full of fish and a tortoise.我有两只兔子、一只鹦鹉、一缸金鱼和一只乌龟。To look after my pets properly takes a lot of time but I find it worthwhile.我得花大量时间来照顾这些宠物，但我觉得很值。I also have to do a lot of work, especially if I have been away for a while.此外，我还有好多功课，特别是在病了一段时间之后。
In many ways my disability has helped me grow stronger psychologically and become more independent.在许多方面，我身体的残疾倒使我心理上变得更加坚强、更加独立。I have to work hard to live a normal life but it has been worth it.我必须努力工作才能过上正常的生活，但这是值得的。If I had a chance to say one thing to healthy children, it would be this: having a disability does not mean your life is not satisfying.假如我有机会跟健康孩子讲一句话，那么，这句话就是：身体残疾并不意味着生活不美满。So don't feel sorry for the disabled or make fun of them, and don't ignore them either.因此，不要感到残疾人可怜，或者取笑他们，也别不理睬他们。Just accept them for who they are, and give them encouragement to live as rich and full a life as you do.要接受他们，给他们以鼓励让他们能像你一样过得丰富多彩、充实美满。
Thank you for reading my story.谢谢你们读我的故事。Marty马蒂 2.选修七Unit 1 A LETTER TO AN ARCHITECT致建筑师的一封信 Ms L Sanders桑德斯女士
Alice Major爱丽斯·梅杰 Chief architect总建筑师
Cambridge Street剑桥街 64 号 Cinema Designs影院设计公司
Bankstown班克斯敦 44 Hill Street希尔街 44 号 Bankstown班克斯敦 September, 200__200___ 年 9 月 24 日 Dear Ms Sanders, 亲爱的桑德斯女士：
I read in the newspaper today that you are to be the architect for the new Bankstown cinema.今天我从报上了解到，您将成为班克斯敦新影院的建筑设计师。I hope you will not mind me writing to ask if you have thought about the needs of disabled customers.In particular I wonder if you have considered the following things: 我希望您不介意我写信询问您是否已考虑到残疾顾客的需要尤其是以下几点不知您是否考虑到了：
Adequate access for wheelchairs.为乘坐轮椅的人进入电影院提供充分的便利。It would be handy to have lifts to all parts of the cinema.影院内德各个部分都安装电梯就会很方便。The buttons in the lifts should be easy for a person in a wheelchair to reach, and the doors be wide enough to enter.电梯的按钮应当让乘坐轮椅的人容易够到，电梯门应足够宽。In some cinemas, the lifts are at the back of the cinema in cold, unattractive places.在有些电影院里，（残疾人专用）电梯设在影院背后阴冷而不显眼的地方。As disabled people have to use the lifts, this makes them feel they are not as important as other customers.由于残疾人必须要使用这些电梯，这就使残疾人感到比别的观众低一等。
Earphones for people who have trouble hearing.给听力有障碍的人提供耳机。It would help to fit sets of earphones to all seats, not just to some of them.所有座位的旁边都装有耳机，而不是少数几个座位，那会有帮助。This would allow hearing-impaired customers to enjoy the company of their hearing friends rather than having to sit in a special area.这样可以使那些听力有缺陷的观众和那些听力正常的朋友做在一起欣赏，而不是让前者坐在一个特定的区域。Raised seating.抬高座位。People who are short cannot always see the screen.身材矮小的人常常看不到屏幕。So I'd like to suggest that the seats at the back be placed higher than those at the front so that everyone can see the screen easily.所以我想建议影院后排的座位应该比前排的高，这样每个人都能很容易地看到银幕。Perhaps there could be a space at the end of each row for people in wheelchairs to sit next to their friends.也许可以让每一横排的排头都留出空位，以便坐轮椅的人坐在他们的朋友旁边。
Toilets.厕所。For disabled customers it would be more convenient to place the toilets near the entrance to the cinema.在影院入口处的附近安排厕所会让残疾人感觉更加方便。It can be difficult if the only disabled toilet is in the basement a long way from where the film is showing.只在里放映大厅很远的地下室为残疾人安排一个厕所，这种做法会给他们带来麻烦。And if the doors could be opened outwards, disabled customers would be very happy.如果厕所的门能设计成向外开，残疾人会很高兴。
Car parking.停车场。Of course, there are usually spaces specially reserved for disabled and elderly drivers.当然还得专门为残疾司机和老年司机安排停车场。If they are close to the cinema entrance and/or exit, it is easier for disabled people to get to film in comfort.当如果这些停车场离影院出入口都很近，残疾人就会很轻松地到达影院。
Thank you for reading my letter.I hope my suggestions will meet with your approval.感谢您阅读我的信，希望您能赞成我的建议。Disabled people should have the same opportunities as able-bodied people to enjoy the cinema and to do so with dignity.残疾人应当和健全人有同样的机会来欣赏电影，同时能保持自己的尊严。I am sure many people will praise your cinema if you design it with good access for disabled people.如果您设计的电影院能够为残疾人提供方便，那么，我相信许多人都会夸奖您的电影院，It will also make the cinema owners happy if more people go as they will make higher profits!而且电影院的老板也会高兴，因为有更多的人能够去看电影了，他们就能赚更多的钱了。
Yours sincerely,此致敬礼 Alice Major 爱丽斯·梅杰
3.选修七Unit2 SATISFACTION GURANTEED包君满意
Larry Belmont worked for a company that made robots.拉里·贝尔蒙特在一家生产机器人的公司里工作。Recently it had begun experimenting with a household robot.最近，该公司要对一个家用机器人进行试验。It was going to be tested out by Larry's wife, Claire.这项试验将由拉里的夫人克莱尔来尝试。
Claire didn't want the robot in her house, especially as her husband would be absent for three weeks, but Larry persuaded her that the robot wouldn't harm her or allow her to be harmed.克莱尔并不想把机器人留在家里，特别是在她丈夫离家三周的这个期间，但是克莱尔被拉里说服了。他说，机器人不会伤害她，也不会让别人来伤害她。It would be a bonus.这样会是个以外的收获。However, when she first saw the robot, she felt alarmed.然而她初次见到机器人的时候就感到有点儿吃惊。His name was Tony and he seemed more like a human than a machine.机器人名叫托尼，看上去更像一个人，而不像台机器。He was tall and handsome with smooth hair and a deep voice although his facial expression never changed.他虽然面部表情毫无变化，但是个子高大、相貌英俊，头发平整，声音低沉浑厚。
On the second morning Tony, wearing an apron, brought her breakfast and then asked her whether she needed help dressing.第二天早晨，托尼戴着围裙，给她端来了早餐，然后问她是否需要帮忙穿衣打扮。She felt embarrassed and quickly told him to go.It was disturbing and frightening that he looked so human.她感到有点不好意思，很快就打发他走了。机器人如此通人性，这使她觉得心烦和害怕。
One day, Claire mentioned that she didn't think she was clever.有一天，克莱尔说起，她觉得她自己并不聪明。Tony said that she must feel very unhappy to say that.Claire thought it was ridiculous to be offered sympathy by a robot.托尼则说，克莱尔一定是很不高兴，才会说出这样的话来。克莱尔觉得，机器人会向她表示同情，这有点荒唐可笑。But she began to trust him.但是他开始信任托尼了。She told him how she was overweight and this made her feel unhappy.她告诉托尼她太胖了，这让她很不高兴。Also she felt her home wasn't elegant enough for someone like Larry who wanted to improve his social position.还有对于像拉里这样很想提高社会地位的人来说，她的家也不够高雅。She wasn't like Gladys Claffern, one of the richest and most powerful women around.她跟格拉迪丝·克拉芬不一样，格拉迪丝是远近闻名的有钱有势的女人。
As a favour Tony promised to help Claire make herself smarter and her home more elegant.托尼为让克莱尔高兴，答应帮助她，使她变得漂亮，使她的家变的高雅大方。So Claire borrowed a pile of books from the library for him to read, or rather, scan.于是克莱尔从图书馆借来一堆书给托尼阅读，或者说给他浏览一下。She looked at his fingers with wonder as they turned each page and suddenly reached for his hand.他惊奇地看着他的手指翻动着书页，忍不住伸出手来摸他的手指。She was amazed by his fingernails and the softness and warmth of his skin.他的手指甲和他那柔软温暖的皮肤使她感到大为惊异。How absurd, she thought.He was just a machine.她在想，这是多么可笑啊，他只不过是一台机器呀！
Tony gave Claire a new haircut and changed the makeup she wore.托尼给克莱尔换了个发型，又改变了化妆风格。As he was not allowed to accompany her to the shops, he wrote out a list of items for her.因为不允许托尼陪克莱尔去商店，所以托尼就给她写了一份购物清单。Claire went into the city and bought curtains, cushions, a carpet and bedding.克莱尔进城去买了窗帘、坐垫、地毯和床上用品。Then she went into a jewellery shop to buy a necklace.然后她去了一家珠宝店买项链。When the clerk at the counter was rude to her, she rang Tony up and told the clerk to speak to him.柜台售货员对她很粗鲁，她就打电话给托尼，让售货员同托尼讲话。The clerk immediately changed his attitude.售货员马上就改变了态度。Claire thanked Tony, telling him that he was a “dear”.克莱尔对托尼表示感谢，并说他是个―可爱的人‖。As she turned around, there stood Gladys Claffern.她刚一转过身去，就看到格拉迪丝·克拉芬站在那儿。How awful to be discovered by her, Claire thought.克莱尔想，被格拉迪丝发现了，这多么难为情啊！By the amused and surprised look on her face, Claire knew that Gladys thought she was having an affair.从格拉迪丝脸上的那种有趣而又惊奇的神色来看，克莱尔知道，格拉迪丝认为她有风流韵事了。After all, she knew Claire's husband's name was Larry, not Tony.毕竟格拉迪丝知道她的丈夫是拉里，而不是托尼。
When Claire got home, she wept with anger in her armchair.克莱尔回到家里，坐在扶手椅上气得直哭。Gladys was everything Claire wanted to be.格拉迪丝的一举一动都是克莱尔想模仿的。“You can be like her,” Tony told her and suggested that she invite Gladys and her friends to the house the night before he was to leave and Larry was to return.托尼告诉克莱尔说，你可以同格拉迪丝一样，还建议克莱尔邀请格拉迪丝和她的朋友到家里来玩，时间就定在托尼离去和拉里回家之前的那个晚上。By that time, Tony expected the house to be completely transformed.托尼想在此之前将房子改装得焕然一新。
Tony worked steadily on the improvements.托尼有条不紊地搞着装修。Claire tried to help once but was too clumsy.克莱尔有一次想来帮忙。She fell off a ladder and even though Tony was in the next room, he managed to catch her in time.但是她太笨手笨脚了，竟从梯子上掉了下来。尽管托尼当时在隔壁房间里，他还是及时赶过来把她接住了。He held her firmly in his arms and she felt the warmth of his body.他把她紧紧地搂在怀里，她感觉到了他身上有股暖气。She screamed, pushed him away and ran to her room for the rest of the day.她尖叫了起来，把他推开，跑回她的房里，那天她就再也没有出来过。
The night of the party arrived.聚会的那天晚上来到了。The clock struck eight.时钟敲响八点。The guests would be arriving soon and Claire told Tony to go into another room.客人马上就要到来了。克莱尔叫托尼到另一间房里去。At that moment, Tony folded his arms around her, bending his face close to hers.就在那一瞬间，托尼弯曲胳膊搂着她，弯下身去把脸贴近她的脸。She cried out “Tony” and then heard him declare that he didn't want to leave her the next day and that he felt more than just the desire to please her.她大叫一声―托尼‖，然后听到托尼一本正经地说，明天他不想离开她，而且他并不满足于仅仅使她开心。Then the front door bell rang.就在这时，前门的门铃响了。Tony freed her and disappeared from sight.托尼放开了她，消失得无影无踪了。It was then that Claire realized that Tony had opened the curtains of the front window.也就在这时候，克莱尔才意识到托尼早就把前边窗户的窗帘拉开了。Her guests had seen everything!她的客人把这一切看得一清二楚。
The women were impressed by Claire, the house and the delicious cuisine.克莱尔和她的房子、美食给女士们留下了深刻的印象。Just before they left, Claire heard Gladys whispering to another woman that she had never seen anyone so handsome as Tony.就在他们离开之前，克莱尔听到格拉迪丝跟另外一个女人小声地说，她从来没见过像托尼这样英俊的男人。What a sweet victory to be envied by those women!受到那些女士的妒忌，这该是多么甜美的胜利！She might not be as beautiful as them, but none of them had such a handsome lover.克莱尔也许并没有她们那样漂亮，但是她们中没有任何一个人拥有这样英俊的情人。
Then she remembered-Tony was just a machine.这时候，她记起来了——托尼只不过是一台机器。She shouted “Leave me alone” and ran to her bed.她高声嚷着：―让我独自呆一会儿！‖ 就跑上床。She cried all night.哭了一个通宵。The next morning a car drove up and took Tony away.第二天早晨开来一辆汽车，把托尼接走了。
The company was very pleased with Tony's report on his three weeks with Claire.公司对托尼同克莱尔相处三个星期的实验报告非常满意。Tony had protected a human being from harm.托尼保护了一个人免受伤害，He had prevented Claire from harming herself through her own sense of failure.他使克莱尔没有因为她的失败感而伤害自己。He had opened the curtains that night so that the other women would see him and Claire, knowing that there was no risk to Claire's marriage.那天晚上，他拉开窗帘，让其他女人看到了他和克莱尔在一起，他明白这么做对克莱尔的婚姻并不造成危害。But even though Tony had been so clever, he would have to be rebuilt-you cannot have women failing in love with machines.但是，尽管托尼很聪明，他还得做一番改建——总不能让女人和机器相爱吧。
4.选修七Unit2 A BIOGRAPHY OF ISAAC ASIMOV艾萨克·阿西莫夫传
Isaac Asimov was an American scientist and writer who wrote around 480 books that included mystery stories, science and history books, and even books about the Holy Bible and Shakespeare.艾萨克·阿西莫夫是美国的科学家兼作家。他写过大约480本书，包括怪诞小说、科学和历史方面的书，甚至还写过有关《圣经》和莎士比亚的书。But he is best known for his science fiction stories.但是，他最有名的作品是他的科幻小说。Asimov had both an extraordinary imagination that gave him the ability to explore future worlds and an amazing mind with which he searched for explanations of everything, in the present and the past.阿西莫夫不仅有着超凡的想象力，使他能对未来世界进行探索，而且还有着惊人的智力，使他能对现在的和过去的各种事物作出解释。
Asimov's life began in Russia, where he was born on 2 January, 1920.阿西莫夫的一生从俄罗斯开始，他生于1920年1月2日； It ended in New York on 6 April, 1992, when he died as a result of an HIV infection that he had got from a blood transfusion nine years earlier.阿西莫夫的一生在纽约结束，他死于1992年4月6日。他是因为九年前的一次输血中感染了艾滋病毒病毒而去世的。
When Asimov was three, he moved with his parents and his one-year-old sister to New York City.阿西莫夫三岁的时候，就随同父母和年仅一岁的妹妹迁到纽约。There his parents bought a candy store which they ran for the next 40 or so years.在那儿，他的父母买下了一家糖果店，后来一直经营了大约40年。At the age of nine, when his mother was pregnant with her third child, Asimov started working part-time in the store.阿西莫夫九岁的时候，母亲怀了第三个孩子，他就开始在糖果店里兼职工作了。He helped out through his school and university years until 1942, a year after he had gained a master's degree in chemistry.他读中学和大学的那段时期都在糖果店里工作，一直到1942年，也就是他获得化学硕士学位一年以后他才停止糖果店的工作。In 1942 he joined the staff of the Philadelphia Navy Yard as a junior chemist and worked there for three years.1942年，他在费城海军造船厂里担任初级化学师，干了三年。In 1948 he got his PhD in chemistry.1948年他获得了化学博士学位。The next year he became a biochemistry teacher at Boston University School of Medicine.第二年他在波士顿大学的医学院任生化教员。In 1958 he gave up teaching to become a full-time writer.1958年他放弃了教学工作成为专职作家。
It was when Asimov was eleven years old that his talent for writing became obvious.早在阿西莫夫11岁的时候，他的写作才华就已经显露出来了。He had told a friend two chapters of a story he had written.The friend thought he was retelling a story from a book.他把他写的小说中的两个章节念给一个朋友听，这个朋友还以为他是在复述某本书上的故事呢。This really surprised Asimov and from that moment, he started to take himself seriously as a writer.这使阿西莫夫很惊讶。从那以后，他就开始认真地从事写作了。Asimov began having stories published in science fiction magazines in 1939.1939年，阿西莫夫开始在科幻杂志上发表故事，1950年他出版了自己他的第一部小说。In 1950 he published his first novel and in 1953 his first science book.1953年出版了他的第一部科学书籍。
Throughout his life, Asimov received many awards, both for his science fiction books and his science books.阿西莫夫一生中多次获过奖，既有科幻小说奖，也有科学书籍奖。Among his most famous works of science fiction, one for which he won an award was the Foundation trilogy(1951-1953), three novels about the death and rebirth of a great empire in a galaxy of the future.在他那些最富盛名的科幻小说中，有本获奖的书叫做《基地》三部曲（1951-1953），有三个小故事，讲的是未来银河系中一个伟大帝国的灭亡与复兴。It was loosely based on the fall of the Roman Empire but was about the future.基本素材取自罗马帝国的衰败，但讲的是有关未来的事情。These books are famous because Asimov invented a theoretical framework which was designed to show how ideas and thinking may develop in the future.这些书之所以有名，是因为阿西莫夫创造了一种理论框架，用以阐述各种想法在未来可能会如何发展。He is also well known for his collection of short stories, I, Robot(1950), in which he developed a set of three “laws” for robots.他的短篇小说集《我，机器人》（1950)也是享有盛名的。在这本书里他提出机器人的三大―原则‖。For example, the first law states that a robot must not injure human beings or allow them to be injured.举例来说，第一条原则就规定机器人不得伤害人类，也不能允许人类受到伤害。Some of his ideas about robots later influenced other writers and even scientists researching into artificial intelligence.他那些有关机器人的想法后来影响了其他的作者，甚至影响了那些从事人工智能研究的科学家们。
Asimov was married twice.阿西莫夫结过两次婚。He married his first wife in 1942 and had a son and a daughter.他于1942年同他的第一任妻子结婚，生有一男一女。Their marriage lasted 31 years.这次婚姻持续了31年。Soon after his divorce in 1973, Asimov married again but he had no children with his second wife.1973年离婚后不久，阿西莫夫又结婚了，但是他与第二任妻子没有生育儿女。
5.选修七Unit 3 OLD TOM THE KILLER WHALE虎鲸老汤姆
I was 16 when I began work in June 1902 at the whaling station.1902年6月，我开始在捕鲸站里工作，那时我才16岁。I had heard of the killers that every year helped whalers catch huge whales.在此之前我曾经听说过虎鲸每年帮助捕鲸人捕捉大鲸鱼。I thought, at the time, that this was just a story but then I witnessed it with my own eyes many times.当时我以为只是一个故事罢了，但是后来我亲眼见过多次。
On the afternoon I arrived at the station, as I was I sorting out my accommodation, I heard a loud noise coming from the bay.有天下午我来到捕鲸站，正在找住处的时候，听到从海湾那边传来一阵喧闹声。We ran down to the shore in time to see an enormous animal opposite us throwing itself out of the water and then crashing down again.我们及时赶到岸边，看到对面有一个庞大的动物猛力跃出海面，然后又坠落到水里。It was black and white and fish-shaped.But I knew it wasn't a fish.它黑白相间，样子像鱼，但我知道它并不是鱼。
“That's Old Tom, the killer,” one of the whalers, George, called out to me.―那是老汤姆，是虎鲸。‖一位叫乔治的捕鲸人高声对我说，“He's telling us there's a whale out there for us.” ―它是在告诉我们那边有一头鲸，叫我们去捕猎。‖
Another whaler yelled out, “Rush-oo...rush-oo.” This was the call that announced there was about to be a whale hunt.另一位捕鲸人大声喊叫，―快走啊……走啊。‖这是宣告猎鲸行动马上就要开始的呼声。
“Come on, Clancy.To the boat,” George said as he ran ahead of me.―克兰西，快上，上船去。‖乔治在我前面边跑边说。I had already heard that George didn't like being kept waiting, so even though I didn't have the right clothes on, I raced after him.我以前就听说过，乔治不喜欢等人，所以尽管我还没有穿上合适的衣服，就跟在他后面跑起来。
Without pausing we jumped into the boat with the other whalers and headed out into the bay.一刻不停地，我们和其他捕鲸人都跳进渔船，朝海湾方向驶去。I looked down into the water and could see Old Tom swimming by the boat, showing us the way.我朝水里望去，可以看到老汤姆就在渔船旁边游着，为我们指路。A few minutes later, there was no Tom, so George started beating the water with his oar and there was Tom, circling back to the boat, leading us to the hunt again.几分钟之后，汤姆不见了，于是乔治开始用桨拍打水面。汤姆出现了，转回到船边，又领着我们前往捕猎处。
Using a telescope we could see that something was happening.通过望远镜，我们可以看到远处有情况发生了。As we drew closer, I could see a whale being attacked by a pack of about six other killers.走近一看，原来是一头大鲸受到约六、七条虎鲸的攻击。
“What're they doing?” I asked George.我问乔治，―它们在干什么呢？‖
“Well, it's teamworkpurples, reds, oranges, yellows, blues and greens.我首先注意到的是我周围那些鲜艳的色彩——紫色、红色、橘黄、明黄、蓝色和绿色等。The corals were fantasticI even saw them get inside their mouths and clean their teeth!我也喜欢那些为大鱼清洁身体的小鱼——我甚至还看到这些小鱼游进大鱼的嘴里去帮他们刷牙。It seemed there was a surprise waiting for me around every corner as I explored small caves, shelves and narrow passages with my underwater flashlight: the yellow and green parrotfish was hanging upside down, and sucking tiny plants off the coral with its hard bird-like mouth;a yellow-spotted red sea-slug was sliding by a blue sea-star;a large wise-looking turtle was passing so close to me that I could have touched it.当我用水下探照灯探索小石洞、岩石和狭窄通道的时候，似乎每个角落都有使我感到惊奇的东西等着我：黄绿相间的鹦嘴鱼倒挂着，用它那像鸟一样的硬嘴从珊瑚上吸吮微小植物；带着黄斑点的红色海蛞蝓从一个蓝色的海星旁边滑行过去；一只长相聪慧的大乌龟紧贴着我的身旁而过，我几乎可以摸到它了。
There were other creatures that I didn't want to get too close toI felt very exposed in such deep clear water.我的心急剧地跳动着——在这样深邃而清澈的海水中，我感觉我彻底曝光了。
What a wonderful, limitless world it was down there!这个水底下世界是多么美妙，多么漫无边际！And what a tiny spot I was in this enormous world!而我在这个海洋的世界中又是多么渺小！
7.选修七Unit4 A LETTER HOME一封家信 Dear Rosemary, 亲爱的罗斯玛丽：
Thanks for your letter, which took a fortnight to arrive.谢谢你的来信，这封信两星期才到。It was wonderful to hear from you.收到你的信真是太高兴了。I know you're dying to hear all about my life here, so I've included some photos which will help you picture the places I talk about.我知道你急于了解我在这儿的生活情况。因此，我在信中附有几张照片，能够帮助你想象出我所谈到的地方。
You asked about my high school.你问起我的中学情况。Well, it's a bush school – the classrooms are made of bamboo and the roofs of grass.噢，它是一所丛林学校——教室是用竹子搭起来的，屋顶是用茅草盖的。It takes me only a few minutes to walk to school down a muddy track.我只要沿着一条泥泞的小路步行几分钟就到学校了。When I reach the school grounds there are lots of ”good mornings“ for me from the boys.每当我走到学校操场的时候，迎接我的是男孩子们一片―早上好‖的声音。Many of them have walked a long way, sometimes up to two hours, to get to school.他们中许多人走了很长的路，有时候要走两个小时才能到学校。
There's no electricity or water and even no textbooks either!这里没有电，也没有水，甚至连课本也没有！I'm still trying to adapt to these conditions.我还在努力适应这儿的生活条件。However, one thing is for sure, I've become more imaginative in my teaching.但是有一点是肯定的，我在教学中变得更富有想象力了。Science is my most challenging subject as my students have no concept of doing experiments.理科对我来说是最富挑战性的课，因为我的学生对做实验没有概念。In fact there is no equipment, and if I need water I have to carry it from my house in a bucket!实际上，根本没有设备。如果需要水，我还得从家里用水桶提过来！The other day I was showing the boys the weekly chemistry experiment when, before I knew it, the mixture was bubbling over everywhere!有一天，我正给孩子们做每周一次的化学实验的演示，我还没有明白怎么回事，混合剂就到处冒气泡了！The boys who had never come across anything like this before started jumping out of the windows.男孩们以前从来没有见过这种情况，吓得都往窗外跳去。Sometimes I wonder how relevant chemistry is to these students, most of whom will be going back to their villages after Year 8 anyway.有时候，我真想知道，化学对这些孩子究竟有多大的用处。他们中的大多数人学完八年级以后就要回到他们的村庄去了。To be honest, I doubt whether I'm making any difference to these boys' lives at all.说实在的，我真的不知道我教的课是否会让这些孩子的生活有所改变。
You asked whether I'm getting to know any local people.你问我是否了解当地的老百姓。Well, that's actually quite difficult as I don't speak much of the local English dialect yet.这实在是太难了，因为我还说不了几句当地人说的英语。But last weekend another teacher, Jenny, and 1 did visit a village which is the home of one of the boys, Tombe.不过，上周末我和另外一位叫詹妮的教师真的去访问了一个村庄，那是我的学生汤贝的家。It was my first visit to a remote village.这是我第一次到偏僻的村子里去。We walked for two and a half hours to get therethis shows it is a man's house.汤贝的父亲叫莫卡普，他把我们带到他的家里。这是一个低矮的竹屋，屋顶上伸出一簇茅草——它代表这间竹屋是男人住的。The huts were round, not rectangular like the school buildings.屋子是圆的，不像学校那样是长方形的。There were no windows and the doorway was just big enough to get through.这里没有窗户，房门只够一个人进出。The hut was dark inside so it took time for our eyes to adjust.小屋内很黑，因此眼睛要过好一阵子才能适应过来。Fresh grass had been laid on the floor and there was a newly made platform for Jenny and me to sleep on.地上摆放着一堆新鲜的草，还新做了一个平台，是供詹妮和我睡觉用的。Usually Kiak would sleep in her own hut, but that night she was going to share the platform with us.通常齐亚克是睡在她自己的小屋里的，而那天晚上她要同我们一起睡在平台上。Mukap and Tombe were to sleep on small beds in another part of the hut.莫卡普和汤贝则睡在竹屋另一边的小床上。There was a fireplace in the centre of the hut near the doorway.在竹屋中间靠近房门的地方有一个火炉。The only possessions I could see were one broom, a few tin plates and cups and a couple of jars.我所看到的仅有的家具是一把扫帚，几个锡盘和锡杯，还有两个罐子。
Outside Mukap was building a fire.莫卡普在屋子外边生火。Once the fire was going, he laid stones on it.火着起来后，他往火里扔了几块石头。When hot, he placed them in an empty oil drum with kau kau(sweet potato), corn and greens.烧热以后，他把石头放在一个空油桶里，加上一些考考（红薯）、玉米和青菜，He then covered the vegetables with banana leaves and left them to steam.然后他用香蕉叶把这些蔬菜盖上，等着它们蒸熟。I sniffed the food;it smelled delicious.我用鼻子嗅，食物闻起来很香。We ate inside the hut sitting round the fire.我们在房里围着火炉坐下来吃东西。I loved listening to the family softly talking to each other in their language, even though I could not participate the conversation.他们家里人轻声细语地用自己的语言在交谈。我很喜欢听他们谈话，尽管我不能加入他们的谈话。Luckily, Tombe could be our interpreter.幸好，汤贝能给我们当翻译。
Later, I noticed a tin can standing upside down on the grill over the fire.后来，我发现有一个锡罐子倒放在火炉的烤架上。After a short time Tombe threw it out of the doorway.过了一会儿，汤贝把它从门道里扔了出去。I was puzzled.我不懂为什么这么做。Tombe told me that the can was heated to dry out the leftover food.汤贝告诉我说，罐子加热是为了把里面的残菜剩饭烧干。They believe that any leftovers attract evil spirits in the night, so the food is dried up in the can and the can is then thrown out of the hut.他们相信剩饭在夜晚会引来邪灵，所以要把食物放在罐子里烧干，再把罐子一起扔到屋外去。Otherwise they don't waste anything.否则的话，他们是不会浪费任何东西的。
We left the village the next morning after many goodbyes and firm handshakes.第二天早晨，经过一番紧紧握手和道别之后，我们就离开了村庄。My muscles were aching and my knees shaking as we climbed down the mountain towards home.我们爬下山回家，往回走的时候，我的腿部肌肉发痛，膝盖发抖。That evening I fell happily into bed.那天晚上我很开心，倒在床上就睡了。It was such a privilege to have spent a day with Tombe's family.跟汤贝一家度过了一天，真是一种殊荣。
It's getting late and I have to prepare tomorrow's lessons and do some paperwork.Please write soon.天色很晚了，我还得准备明天的功课呢。请早日来信。Love Jo 爱你的，乔
8.选修七Unit 4 THE WORLD'S MOST USEFUL GIFT CATALOGUE 世界上最有用的礼物清单
Would you like to donate an unusual gift?你是否想要赠送一份特殊的礼物？Then this is the catalogue for you.那么下面这份礼单供你参考吧。The gift you give is not something your loved one keeps but a voluntary contribution towards the lives of people who really need it.你送的礼物不是给你所爱的人留念的，而是给那些确有需要的人的一项生活上的无偿捐助。
Choose from this catalogue a really useful gift for some of the world's poorest and bring hope for a better future to a community in need.从这份清单中选择一份确实有用的礼物，送给世界上最穷苦的人吧。给急需帮助的社区带去一份改善未来的希望吧。
When you purchase an item, we will send you an attractive card for you to send to your special person.你选购一项礼物时，我们都会给你提供一张精美的卡片，让你送给你的某个特殊的人。You can use the cards for any special occasion-weddings ,births, birthdays, Christmas or anniversaries, etc.这种卡片可以用在任何一种特殊的场合 —— 结婚、出生、生日、圣诞节、周年纪念等。
Gifts礼物
Cost(AUD)价值（澳元）A 20tree seedlings 20株树苗 $5
B A loan to set up women’s self-help group组建妇女自助会的贷款 $8 C Water supply for one person一个人的用水 $10 DTraining in vegetable gardening蔬菜园艺培训 $15
E Child vaccinations against 6 killer diseases预防六种儿童致命疾病的疫苗$20 F School books 学校用书$20
G Basic adult education 成人基础教育 $25 H Basic health-care services 基本保健服务 $30 I One year of primary schooling 小学一年的学费
$35 J A goat for a poor family 资助困难户一头羊 $40 K A family toilet 家用厕具
$50 L Water for a family 一个家庭的用水 $65
M A loan to set up a small business 建一家小型企业的贷款
$85 N A sewing machine 一台缝纫机 $100
O Family nutritional supplements 家用营养补品 $130 P Oxen for ploughing 耕牛 $180 Q A trunk library 箱式图书馆
$200
R Assistance for families headed by children 对遗孤家庭的扶助金
$300 S A community primary school 社区小学经费 $500 T Village tractor 村庄拖拉机
$1000 U A well and water pump 水井和水泵
$1350 To致_______
To let you know that I am thinking of you, I have purchased a gift from the World’s Most Useful Gift Catalogue for you to give to some of the world’s poorest.为了让你知道我在想着你们，特从―世界上最有用的礼物清单‖中购得一份礼物，请你转送给世界上最穷苦的人。
This gift will train a whole village of around 40 families in India, Kenya, or Bangladesh in new agricultural methods, and provide seeds and simple agricultural equipment.这份礼物给印度、肯尼亚或孟加拉国约40户人口的村庄，对他们进行新的农业生产方法的培训，并提供种子和简单的农业机械。Just 20% more produce will mean the difference between sickness and health, between families going hungry and families providing for themselves.仅仅提高20%的产量就意味着会对人的患病与健康、家庭饥饿与自足产生影响。From 来自______
9.选修七Unit 5 Keep it up, Xie Lei再接再厉，谢蕾 Chinese student fitting in well中国学生适应能力强
Six months ago Xie Lei said goodbye to her family and friends in China and boarded a plane for London.六个月前，谢蕾告别了她在中国的家人和朋友，登上了前往伦敦的飞机。It was the first time she had ever left her motherland.这是她第一次离开自己的祖国。”After getting my visa I was very excited because I had dreamed of this day for so long.―拿到签证后我很激动，因为我很久以前就梦想着能有这么一天，But I was also very nervous as I didn't know what to expect,“ 但是我又非常紧张，因为我不知道我所期望的是什么。‖Xie Lei told me when I saw her waiting in a queue at the student cafeteria between lectures.课间休息时我在学生餐厅碰到正排队的谢蕾，她告诉我说.Xie Lei, who is 21 years old, has come to our university to study for a business qualification.谢蕾今年21岁，来我们大学上学，希望获得工商管理资格证书。She is halfway through the preparation year, which most foreign students complete before applying for a degree course.大多数外籍学生在申请学位课程之前都要学习一年预科，而谢蕾已经读完半年了。Xie Lei highly recommends it.她非常看重预科课程。”The preparation course is most beneficial,“ she said.”Studying here is quite different from studying in China, so you need some preparation first.“她说：―预科课程非常有益。在这儿学习跟在中国学习是相当不同的。你必须事前做些准备。‖
”It's not just study that's difficult.―困难不仅仅只在学习方面，You have to get used to a whole new way of life, which can take up all your concentration in the beginning,“你还必须习惯一种全新的生活方式，在一开始的时候这就会占去你的全部精力，‖ explained Xie Lei, who had lived all her life in the same city in China.谢蕾解释说。她在中国时一直居住在同一座城市。She told me that she had had to learn almost everything again.她还告诉我，几乎每件事她都得重新学习。”Sometimes I felt like a child,“ she said.她说：―有时候我觉得自己像个小孩似的，”I had to learn how to use the phone, how to pay bus fare, and how to ask a shopkeeper for things I didn't know the English for.我得学习如何使用电话，乘公交车时该怎样付款，在商店买东西时如果不知道商品的英文名字时，又怎样问店主。When I got lost and had to ask a passer-by for directions, I didn't always understand.当我迷路不得不向过路人问路时，经常听不懂他们说的话。They don't talk like they do on our listening tapes,“ she said, laughing.他们说的话不像我们在听力磁带上听到的那样，‖谢蕾说着笑了。
Xie Lei lives with a host family who give her lots of good advice.谢蕾同房东一家人住在一起，他们给了她许多建议。Although some foreign students live in student accommodation or apartments, some choose to board with English families.虽然有些外国学生住在学生宿舍或公寓房里，但是有些学生选择寄宿在英国人的家中。Living with host families, in which there may be other college students, gives her the chance to learn more about the new culture.有的房东家也许会住着其他大学生，跟这样的人家住在一起会给她提供机会，更好地了解新的文化。”When I hear an idiom that I don't understand, I can ask my host family for help,“ explains Xie Lei.―当我听到我不理解的成语时，我可以向房东家里的人请教，‖谢蕾解释说。”Also, when I miss my family, it's a great comfort to have a substitute family to be with.“ ―还有，当我想家的时候，房东家就是我家的替身，和他们在一起给了我很大的安慰。‖
Xie Lei's preparation course is helping her to get used to the academic requirements of a Western university.谢蕾的预科课程帮助她熟悉了西方大学里在学术方面的要求。”I remember the first essay I did for my tutor,“ she told me.她对我说：―我还记得我交给导师的第一篇论文。”I found an article on the Internet that seemed to have exactly the information I needed.我在网上找到一篇文章，看来跟我所需要的信息恰好一样。So I made a summary of the article, revised my draft and handed the essay in.于是我就那篇论文写了一篇小结性的文章，修改了草稿，然后交给了导师。I thought I would get a really good mark but I got an E.我原以为我会得到高分的，结果只得了一个E。I was numb with shock!我非常吃惊！So I went to my tutor to ask the reason for his revision.于是去找导师理论，想换个分数。First of all, he told me, I couldn't write what other people had said without acknowledging them.他告诉我说，首先，我不能把别人的话写下来而不表示感谢。Besides, as far as he was concerned, what other people thought was not the most important thing.此外，他认为，别人的想法并不是最重要的。He wanted to know what I thought, which confused me because I thought that the author of the article knew far more than I did.他想要知道的是我所想的是什么。这倒把我弄糊涂了，因为该文作者所知道的比我多得多。My tutor explained that I should read lots of different texts that contain different opinions and analyse what I read.导师给我解释说，我得阅读大量的、有关不同观点的文章，并进行分析。Then, in my essay, I should give my own opinion and explain it by referring to other authors.然后，在我的论文中，我得表明我自己的观点，并且引用别的作者的观点来说明为什么我相信我的观点。Finally he even encouraged me to contradict the authors I'd read!最后，他甚至鼓励我反驳我读过的那些作者的观点！At first I lacked confidence, but now I'm beginning to get the idea and my marks have improved.More importantly, I am now a more autonomous learner.“起初，我缺乏信心这样做，而现在我开始懂得了，我的分数也已经有所提高了。更重要的是，我现在是一个自主学习者。‖
Xie Lei told me that she feels much more at home in England now, and what had seemed very strange before now appears quite normal.谢蕾告诉我说，现在她在英国感到自在多了。以前看似很奇怪的事，如今觉得似乎很正常了。”I've just got one more thing to achieve.―我还有一件事要做，I have been so occupied with work that I haven't had time for social activities.我一直忙于学习，以至于没有时间去参与社会活动。I think it's important to have a balance between study and a social life, so I'm going to join a few clubs.我认为在学习与社会生活之间的平衡也是很重要的，所以我打算参加几个俱乐部，Hopefully I'll make some new friends."我希望会结识一些新朋友。‖
We will follow Xie Lei's progress in later editions of this newspaper but for now, we wish Xie Lei all the best in her new enterprise.关于谢蕾的进步，我们将在今后几期的报纸中做跟踪报道。同时我们衷心祝愿她学业有成。She deserves to succeed.她是应该取得成功的。
10.选修七Unit 5 PERU秘鲁
Peru is a country on the Pacific coast of South America.秘鲁是南美洲临太平洋海岸的一个国家。It has three main geographical areas: 从地理上讲，秘鲁有三大地区：a narrow coastal belt;the Andes Mountains running parallel to the coast;and high, flat plains in the southeast.狭长的临海地带，与海岸平行的安第斯山脉以及东南部地势较高的平原地区。In the high plains area is Lake Titicaca, the highest lake in the world, on which boats can travel.在高原地区有的的喀喀湖，这是世界上海拔最高的湖，湖上可以行船。Peru has abundant plants from desert grasses to vast areas of jungle.秘鲁有着多种多样的植物，从沙漠中的草到大片的丛林。
Once the centre of the powerful and extremely wealthy Inca Empire, much of South America was governed by Spain from the sixteenth century onwards.秘鲁曾经是强盛而极为富裕的印加帝国的中心，从16世纪起，南美洲许多地区都是由西班牙统治的。Peru finally gained its independence from Spain in 1821.秘鲁最终于1821年脱离西班牙而独立。The capital of Peru is Lima, which is in the north on the coast.秘鲁的首都是利马，位于北部的临海地区。The ancient Inca capital, Cuzco, is found high in the Andes.人们发现古印加帝国的首都库斯科位于安第斯的高山之上。It is a popular tourist destination as it is close to the famous Inca ruins of the city of Machu Picchu.这儿是旅游的热点，因为它离马丘比丘城著名的印加遗址很近。Cuzco is a lively city with many hotels and inns, where both Indian and Spanish culture and art can be seen.库斯科有许多旅店和酒吧，是一座富有活力的城市，在那儿你可以看到印第安和西班牙的文化艺术。
1.Why is Cuzco popular with tourists?为什么库斯科是旅游人士喜欢去的地方？ 2.What is special about Lake Titicaca?的的喀喀湖有什么特色？
3.What do you think the two official languages of Peru are?你认为秘鲁有哪两种官方语言？ TRAVEL PERU秘鲁旅游
Peru offers a variety of experiences from ancient ruins and centuries-old Spanish villages to thick forests, high mountains and desert coastline.秘鲁提供丰富的旅游资源，从古代的遗址、具有数百年历史的西班牙式的村庄，到茂密的森林、耸立的高山和临海的沙漠TRAVEL PERU offers tours for all ages and tastes.―秘鲁之旅‖为各种年龄和品位的人提供旅游服务。The following tours are based at Cuzco, the site of the ancient capital of the Inca civilization.。下列旅游项目都是从库斯科出发，库斯科是印加文化的古都所在地。Tour 1旅游路线1
Experience the jungle and its diverse wildlife close up.体验丛林，近距离观赏种类繁多的野生生物。During this four-day walking tour, you will be amazed by mountain scenery and the ancient ruins we pass on our hike.在四天的徒步旅游中，山区的风景和步行途经的古代遗址将会令你叹为观止。On the last day, we arrive at the ruins of Machu Picchu in time to see the sunrise over the Andes.最后一天到达马丘比丘遗址，正好赶得上去安第斯山上观看日出。Spend the day visiting the ruins of this ancient Inca city before catching the train back to Cuzco.白天参观古印加城的遗址，然后乘火车返回库斯科。Tour 2旅游路线2
A full-day trip by road from Cuzco to Puno with fantastic views of the highland countryside.全日乘车旅游，从库斯科到普诺，观赏高原乡村的秀丽景色。From Puno, we travel by boat across Lake Titicaca, stopping on the way at the floating islands of the Uros people.再从普诺乘船穿过的的喀喀湖，半途停歇在乌罗族人的浮岛上。These floating islands and the Uros Indian's houses are made of the water plants that grow in the lake.这些浮岛和乌罗印第安人的房子都是用湖里的水草做成的。A full-day stay with a local family gives you an opportunity to learn more about their life.有一整天的时间待在当地居民的家里，这样你会有机会更多地了解他们的生活。Return to Puno on the fourth day for your flight back to Lima.第四天返回普诺，再乘飞机返回利马。
Tour 3旅游路线3
Spend four days high in the-Andes at Cuzco.在库斯科的安第斯高山上玩四天，Learn about its history and visit the museums.了解它的历史，参观博物馆。Admire the Spanish architecture, enjoy some excellent Spanish cuisine and take some time to bargain for some souvenirs at the colourful markets.观赏西班牙式的建筑，品尝西班牙美味，好好逛逛五颜六色的市场，花些时间讨价还价买点纪念品。Take the train up to Machu Picchu for a guided tour of the ruins and the royal tomb of the Inca king.乘火车去马丘比丘，由导游陪同去参观遗址和印加国王的皇家墓地。Tour 4旅游路线4
A short flight from Cuzco takes you from the Andes into the lowlands of the Amazon Jungle.从库斯科乘飞机作短途飞行，从安第斯山到亚马孙河丛林的低地。From here you'll travel by boat to your accommodation in a forest reserve, which holds the record for the most bird sightings in one area.从这里可以乘船到森林保护区的接待站。这个护林区保持着一项观鸟记录，即在一个地区可以看到最多的鸟类。From the guesthouse you can explore the jungle in the company of a local guide.你还可以在当地导游的陪同下，从接待站出发去丛林探险。
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