鸦片战争英文小结[最终定稿]

第一篇：鸦片战争英文小结

The history and influence of the First Opium War Opium War

We can find the description “The First Opium War Opium Wars, also known as the Anglo-Chinese Wars, were the First Opium War from 1839 to 1842.It is the climax of disputes over trade and diplomatic relations betweenChina under the Qing Dynasty and the British Empire” from Wikipedia.From the description above,we can choose some key word: opium,war,trade,diplomate.First we should review some history about the 1840s.In the middle of 18 century, Britain first started the industrialrevolution.The sounds of Steaming bring the fast development of commodity productivity.So it shall open foreign markets to realize the dumping of goods.The vast domestic market of China is their preferred destinations.But the low Chinese demand for European goods, and high European demand for Chinese goods, including tea, silk, and porcelain, forced European merchants to purchase these goods with silver, the only commodity the Chinese would accept.And that made British arise the trend to use opium to open the chinese market.To balance the huge merchandise trade deficit and save the result of running out of silver reserves, as well as to satisfy demand of Chinese tea, British decided to trade more opium to China.The East India Co.had started usingopium to trade Chinese commodities instead of silver since the end of 18 century.More and more chinese people indicted to opium, including soldiers and administration officials.And In 1839, Daoguang emperor appointed Lin as imperial commissioner to wipe out opium trade.As a result,it become the trigger for the opium war.In August 1842, the first Opium War was ended with disastrous defeat of China.British authority forced Qing government to sign the first unequal treaty in modern history “Treaty of Nanjing ”.“Treaty of Nanjing ”makes British get extraterritoriality and consular jurisdiction.And it becomes a worst start of modern china’s history.In addition, as we know,our customs lost our rights of administration.As far as i am concerned,Opium War is an important turning point in Chinese history.What the war bring us is not just the sadness,but the experiment that:”Delays are dangerous”.

第二篇：鸦片战争英文小结

The history and influence of the First Opium War Opium War

We can find the description “The First Opium War Opium Wars, also known as the Anglo-Chinese Wars, were the First Opium War from 1839 to 1842.It is the climax of disputes over trade and diplomatic relations betweenChina under the Qing Dynasty and the British Empire” from Wikipedia.From the description above,we can choose some key word: opium,war,trade,diplomate.First we should review some history about the 1840s.In the middle of 18 century, Britain first started the industrialrevolution.The sounds of Steaming bring the fast development ofcommodity productivity.So it shall open foreign markets to realize the dumping of goods.The vast domestic market of China is their preferred destinations.But thelow Chinese demand for European goods, and high European demand for Chinese goods, including tea, silk, and porcelain, forced European merchants to purchase these goods with silver, the only commodity the Chinese would accept.And that made British arise the trend to use opium to open the chinese market.To balance the huge merchandise trade deficit and save the result of running out of silver reserves, as well as to satisfy demand of Chinese tea, British decided to trade more opium to China.The East India Co.had started usingopium to trade Chinese commodities instead of silver since the end of 18 century.More and more chinese people indicted to opium, including soldiers and administration officials.And In 1839, Daoguang emperor appointed Lin as imperial commissioner to wipe out opium trade.As a result,it become the trigger for the opium war.In August 1842, the first Opium War was ended with disastrous defeat of China.British authority forced Qing government to sign the first unequal treaty

in modern history “Treaty of Nanjing ”.“Treaty of Nanjing ”makes British get extraterritoriality and consular jurisdiction.And it becomes a worst start of modern china’s history.In addition, as we know,our customs lost our rights of administration.As far as i am concerned,Opium War is an important turning point in Chinese history.What the war bring us is not just the sadness,but the experiment that:”Delays are dangerous”.

第三篇：年终小结英文

篇一：个人年终总结(英文版)annual personal summary the new year is around the corner and in the soon-to-last 2010, there are so many memorable moments.annual summary i take up new work as a sales, which is both familiar and strange to me.much difference from translation, this position is not only interesting but also full of challenges.because things are not in your hands and one years accumulation(with colleagues’ help)makes me more mature both in attitude and personality.every success would bring me a little more confidence;every encouragement would make me happy all day long;every positive smile in leaders eyes would make me more staunch.i would like to face the challenges and i am pleasant to conquer any obstacles in work, in which process my potential seems to be unleashed.i like this kind of sensation and also i hope to win the friendship of all the colleagues.new year wish

leadership turns over the handling various tasks, take overall responsibility the overall situation, to plan as a whole processing major problem, coordinating internal and external relations and active work resumption administrative ability obtained the further exercise and improve.we briefly summed up as follows:

两年来，我积极参加各类政治学习，认真学习党的基础理论和各项方针政策，重视对党的十七大精神特别是学校第三次党代会精神的学习，深刻领会其精神实质，并结合学习深刻剖析自己工作中的不足，找出自己的差距，写出心得体会，自觉以科学发展观和校党代会精神来指导自己的工作实践，时刻注意自己的言行与党中央保持一致，努力提高自己的政治水平和理论修养。

second, conscientious, the solid work, honesty and self-discipline, administrative resumption ability has been improved.两年来，自己始终保持奋发有为的精神状态，服从领导，顾全大局，严以律己，务实苦干。作为领导的副手,对总经理交办的工作,从不讨价还价，保质保量完成;对自己分内的工作积极对待，努力完成，做到既不越位，又要到位，更不失职;在同班子其他几位同志的工作协调上，做到真诚相待，互帮互学。two years, oneself always keep promising mental state, obey leadership, pay 通过两年多的工作磨练，在工作中自己能够做到思路清晰，重点突出，责任明确，行政履职能力上了一个新台阶：一是培养了自己不畏困难、克服困难的精神。能够以积极的心态应对和处理在工作中出现的困难和问题，克服了以往工作中的急躁和畏难情绪。二是提高了承担责任的勇气和能力。在工作中努力做到公正、公平，遇事敢于负责勇于负责，不贪功不诿过，不推诿不扯皮。三是进一步提高了自己总揽大局、统筹全局、顾全大局的能力，进一步认识到团结合作的重要性。团结凝心聚力，团结出干劲，团结出成绩，在工作中珍惜共事机缘，自觉加强团结与合作。四是提高了自己协调内外关系和处理重大问题的能力。

three, forge ahead, and actively work, work have made new progress, to achieve a new breakthrough.1, vigorously promotes the campus environment greening health window construction, carefully clean campus every inch of the land, scientific maintenance every tree flowers and trees, and strive for teachers and students to create an elegant, clean and beautiful life learning environment, for the school won the national model green unit and liaocheng successfully created the national health city has made a positive contribution.2, to the patriotic health responsibility to the division and adjustment, and in every college health responsibility area setting the health division of 篇二：英文版的年终总结

有英文写年终总结

个人的年终总结和工作的年终总结会有所区别，一起来看看该怎么写、要包含哪些内容吧！

year-end recap it is critical that you develop a year-end recap and send it out to as many people as possible.this will let then know your successes as well as challenges in the past year.you can use this to brag about the successes, which can lead to more support as well as budget.in addition, by outlining the challenges you may be able to motivate others to help and or make appropriate changes within their teams that will help you prevent these problems.annual traffic & sales review reviewing your inbound traffic and conversions across the year to look for trends or new phrases is a great opportunity to identify new markets, keywords or countries that may have been overlooked in the monthly reviews.when you look at the trends over an entire year you can often find months that are higher or lower than normal and can adjust your annual or quarterly plans to maximize these spikes.keyword glossaries keyword research and modeling that may need to be added to the glossary as well as words replaced with those which have more demand or better match searcher’s intent.if any new products were added this year, they should be added to the glossary as well to make sure that the most relevant versions are integrated.site-wide diagnostics new year/new tactics lunch & learn schedule a variety of lunch and learns with your various teams to update them on any new techniques and updates like avoiding panda penalties.it is often good to update any new employees that were added in the past few moths on the best practices they may not be aware of.end of life products as product reach their “end of life” for marketing they are removed from the site.while they are no longer sold, they are still being used by consumers that will need replacement parts, services and hopefully upgrades.you can create a hybrid page that represents these options for consumers and replace the previous product page to allow you to continue to capture those still interested in your products.any of these can help find nuggets of opportunities that will help you look good in the first quarter.it will also help you to make budget justifications and support additional headcount or agency budgets for specific roles.most importantly, you should have a good idea of the overall progress and what opportunities you have for improvement in the new year.篇三：年终小结英文

年终小结英文

1、年终小结英文

1.database daily monitoring and maintenance real-time local factories and cic, open the database operation monitoring, such as db lock, cpu and memory usage, wait event, etc.periodic table space usage, the database backup status monitoring.2.database emergency and emergency treatment database on op reports an exception for timely processing, such as shutdown, alter db log an error ora-, table space-thresholds, archiving, and backup failed, etc.3, database optimization on the business performance of the database for tuning, and monitoring to identify slow-running sql.through the optimization of the database on lntdern1_lntprod to cpu usage significantly decreased, as poland has done a project online.there are also on lgesymdbsy1m_chmes, lgent_ntmes, lnt-xm, sql tuning, some business module performance has dramatically improved.4, database, and backup and recovery on the part of the plant database do backup policy adjustments.if lgent_gspisnd lgechmwddbj0q_ezptest lgehn_mes, etc, due to business needs, create and deploy a new database, such as the cnmas, chnatmt 6, domestic travel project and human support(3).daily to fuzhou mkl database monitoring and maintenance 7.participation in the database migration and integration 8, keb rac database environment monitoring and maintenance 9, new technology and skills upgrading of learning through their own learning, on aix, solaris, unix, linux systems have a better understanding of oracle 10g11g enhances learning the next annual work plans and prospects: 1.do a good job database daily monitoring and maintenance work.2.database emergency treatment to more timely and accurate.3, conscientious and individual business sector database support.individual assessment and concluded: in a years work, i feel my ability of technology has dramatically improved, so i hope the new year wage increase can be adapted to reflect my values.thank you!

2、年终小结英文

time flies and i have been working at this department for over a year.i am honored to be given the opportunity to handle two projects which help me accumulate more working experience.at the same time, i still find much room for improvement on my part, e.g.i have much to learn from my colleagues about the technique of soliciting the clients.although my performance this year is not at all satisfactory, i will put more effort in 20xx, in a strive to attain better performance.3、年终小结英文

dell to work for nearly a year.also learned a lot of knowledge and technology.the most important is to learn the job and working attitude.1.when beginning to dell.is a very strange environment for anything.dont know.its also met so many questions.for me, the best way is to put the record troubleshooting.every time a new problems that are organized into their notes or document that appear similar problems can quickly after the solution.3.when there is a problem.the methods to solve the problems actually there will be many.but only one best way.when problems arise when the work under simple analysis process.make a clear, and efficiency of working process is very important.but must be good at summing up.many server broken, for example, memory and disk after such a motherboard hardware problems.under normal circumstances should be to apply for to buy new again, but can be found in the server these home before the server can provide the corresponding hardware replace(premise is to replace the hardware specifications must match.)this is neither can solve problems can also reduce unnecessary costs.dalian on the server is so many home in the server drop again.4.when faced with a new problem didnt know how to solve.absolutely not relying on their ideas or experience to do.to understand must consult the expert predecessors.only in this way can we know what to do, why do, what to do good to others.when will consult the euphemism polite people not to ask.篇四：英文年终总结写法

年底事情多，一边忙着节日送礼，一边还要忙着做年终总结。你可以把这篇文字作为送给自己的一份礼物。

of course, you may have already done at least some preliminary work on reviewing the year--especially if your employer hands out year-end bonuses or conducts year-end performance reviews--and if so, thats a good place to start your year-end review.[/en 你可能已经做过一些基本的回顾了，特别是在老板给你发年终奖的时候，或者是在做全年业绩汇报的时候。

[en]but unlike your on-the-job performance review, the purpose of this article is to suggest you consider conducting an even more important assessment--taking stock of your career.now is the perfect time to review where you are, where youve been, and where you want to go.但是，这个总结和你做的业绩汇报不同，它是用来观察评估你的职业生涯的，具有更重要的评估功能。

before you begin your assessment, take a moment to ask yourself the most important question: am i happy and fulfilled by my job and career? no matter how successful youve been in the past 11 months, if you are fundamentally unhappy with your work, spend the vast majority of your year-end review focusing on self-assessment and discovering your career passion.不要急着去写总结。可以用一周甚至更久去好好思考回顾一下你的职业生涯。你不需要，也最好不要一下子就把这六步全部完成。

第一步：回顾职业目标。今年你有没有为自己定下过职业目标，无论是正式的还是非正式的？大多数人都会为自己的职业定个目标，比如获得升职加薪，或者能更好地平衡工作和生活。

* did i achieve my career goals? * am i satisfied with what i did relative to my goals? * did anything happen to change my goals over the course of the year? * how should i modify my goals for next year? 我达到我的职业目标了吗？

我对自己做的与职业目标相关的事情满意吗？

在过去的一年里，有没有什么事情改变了我的职业目标？

我该怎么样去完善我明年的职业目标？

step two: review your career year.what have you done this year? this step is about documenting your career progression and identifying key achievements.thinking about all youve done over the past 11 months or so, ask yourself these questions: 第二步：回顾一年工作。

* what new skills have i acquired? * what have i learned? * what opportunities were gained and lost? * how am i better today than i was at the beginning of the year? 我取得了哪些成绩？

我学会了什么新的技能？

我学到了些什么？

我得到了哪些机会，又失去了哪些机会？

现在的我比今年年初的我好在了哪里？

step three: develop your career synopsis.where are you in your career? review all aspects of your career and examine where you stand at this juncture.some questions to ask yourself: 第三步：完善你的职业概要。

* am i where i should be in my career? * what has helped or hindered my progression? * am i happy with my current employer? * what are my strengths and weakness? 我有没有达到自己职业生涯应该达到的位置？

是什么帮助了或者阻碍了我的职业发展？

我对现在的雇主是否满意？

我的优势和劣势是什么？

step four: envision your future.whats your next career step? take some time to plan for next year(and perhaps beyond), picturing the path you want your career to take.again, here are some questions to help you: 第四步：展望你的职业前景。

第四篇：鸦片战争

鸦片战争

一、导入新课

在上新课之前，同学们跟我一起来看一下这张世界地图，在亚欧大陆的最东边和最西边有两个国家，一个是中国，一个是英国。在十九世纪上半叶航海工具主要是帆船的时代，相距如此遥远的两个国家为什么会爆发战争呢？我们带着这个问题来共同学习今天的新课——鸦片战争。

二、新课学习

1、历史背景

请同学们把课本翻开到50页，我们先来了解一下这场战争的背景。这个背景要从鸦片战争前的中国和英国两国的对比来了解着这个问题。请同学们认真的阅读课本的前言和前两个自然段。然后画出中国和英国的一些对比情况，一些关键的词语，那我们从哪些方面进行对比呢，从这样几个方面，政治、经济、军事还有外交进行对比，好，下面时间给你们。请同学们在书上找出来并画出来，然后找同学来回答。找一找，画一画。画完之后呢，同桌之间可以讨论一下。好了吗？你来说一下你找到的这四个方面的情况，中国和英国分别叙述。先说政治方面中国跟英国的不同。下面经济方面，然后。请坐。

我们具体的一个个来看，先看政治方面，政治上，中国是封建君主专制，当时呢中国社会应该是出于封建社会末期，吏治腐败，像那些我们耳熟能详的“三年清知府，十万雪花银”就能反映这一情况，封建社会已经在做下坡路了，这是中国的证制度情况。那英国呢，1689英国颁布了《权利法案》，因此确立了君主立宪政体，两者相比，资本主义制度更先进一些。

在经济上，中国是自给自足的自然经济，政府财政困难。当时英国正在发生什么（工业革命），工业革命后，资本主义经济迅速发展，在十九世纪中期的时候，英国也是率先完成了工业革命，成为头号资本主义强国。

那么我们再看，军事上的表现，同学们看这两幅图片，我们不难看出中国的船都是木质的，军备废弛，当时英国经过工业革命，船坚炮利，英国也正是用船坚炮利打开了中国的大门。

再来看外交方面的表现，同学们看这两张图片，一张是生活在鸟笼里的中国皇帝和大臣，他们认为生活在这样的环境里多安全呀，这说明我们中国当时实行什么政策呀（闭关锁国），仅仅开放广州一处为通商口岸，当时的清政府还是以天朝上国自居。而当时的英国进行工业革命，需要广阔的市场和原材料，所以英国进行殖民扩张与掠夺。

我们通过这四个方面进行对比，总结一下，在政治上，中国是封建国家，政治腐败。英国是先进的资本主义国家。经济上，中国是落后的自然经济，政法财政困难，而英国完成了工业革命，商品经济发达。在军事上，清政府军事废弛，英国船坚炮利。在外交上，清政府闭关锁国，英国殖民扩张与掠夺。

根据鸦片战争的背景我们可以读出这样一个结论，中国腐朽的落后封建制度难以抵抗英国先进的资本主义制度。

2、原因

好了，我们来学习第二个问题，你们说中国和英国爆发这个战争的原因，为什么英国要对中国要输入鸦片呢，那么在之前，中英之间用有没有一些正常的贸易呢，有正常贸易，为什么又要改为主要输入鸦片，向中国输入鸦片的目的是什么？这是第二个问题，同学们也看课本，鸦片战争前中英的正常贸易情况是什么样的呢？你来说一下，（受自然经济的抵制，英国商品销路不畅，在两国贸易中，中国处于出超地位，）对，当时双方的贸易情况是什么样的呢？这是一个概念问题，什么事出超？什么是入超？出超就是出口额大于进口额，反之，入超就是进口额大于出口额。鸦片战争之前的中国是出于出超地位，英国处于入超地位。英国正常的贸易挣不了钱，为了扭转贸易逆差，想了什么办法？（走私鸦片）。我们看屏幕上的这个表格，英国向中国走私鸦片的激增表，从1799年的4000多箱到1839年的40000多箱。我们多知道，吸食鸦片有很大的危害，思考吸食鸦片到底给中国的社会带来哪些危害呢？我们通过这样一些材料来分析。这是一幅图片，当时中国人正在烟馆吸食鸦片，我们能看出人的身心健康会受到很大危害。我们来看第二幅图，英国鸦片输入与中国白银外流的表格，你看这个数据，鸦片输入在增加，白银外流的数据也在增加。我们往下看，我们看这个资料，说明鸦片的输入对我们造成了什么危害呢？军队战斗力下降，也就是说当英国拿着洋枪洋炮，我们得清兵拿着大烟枪。我们来总结一下，除了我们刚刚说的对人的身心健康造成恨得危害，经济上：大量白银外流，严重影响清政府的财政，同时也加重了农民的负担。政治上：统治更加腐败。军事上：军队战斗力下降。

3、虎门销烟

面对这种情况，这种局势，作为清政府有良知、有爱过、爱民之心的官员，将会采取什么样的措施？（禁烟）道馆皇帝派林则徐去禁烟，这就是我们所说的虎门销烟。时间是1839年的6月3号到6月25日。我们课本上也有林则徐的图片，我们可以看一下，在必修3的时候我们会重点来介绍林则徐。

思考：有人认为：鸦片战争“纯粹是林则徐偏激的禁烟运动激化了中外民族矛盾所致，如果没有林则徐的虎门销烟，英国就不会发动战争。”这种观点对吗？为什么？

不对。虎门销烟只是导火索，只是借口，即使没有虎门销烟，英国也会找其他借口来发动战争，因为根本原因是蓄意打开中国市场，掠夺材料。

4、鸦片战争的经过

这场战争是必然的，那我们来看第二部分，鸦片战争，请同学们快速浏览课文，看看鸦片战争分为几个阶段？你来说下，分为几个阶段。请坐。这个过程分为两个阶段。

第一阶段：1840年6月到1841年5月，先是封锁广州，然后进攻厦门，接着贡献了定海，最后打到天津，威胁北京，这是清政府大为惶恐，道光皇帝查办林则徐，改派琦善与英国议和。

第二阶段是从184的年6月到1842年8月，英国侵占香港岛，我们要知道香港地区包括香港岛、九龙和新界三部分。英国占领的只是香港岛。然后进攻厦门，最后逼近南京。这个过程里面我们要注意下在广州，发生一件近代中国人民反抗外来侵略斗争的开端的一次事件。在这里有三元里人民的抗英斗争，就是普通老百姓的抗英斗争，因为英国军队拿着洋枪洋炮在这个地方烧杀抢掠，激起了当地百姓的反抗，可以说三元里人民的抗英斗争解开了近代中国人民反抗外来侵略斗争开端。除了老百姓自发的斗争之外，在镇江这个地方也出现了一位爱国将领海灵，我们看书上怎么说的，最后全部壮烈殉国，你们看这些将士浴血奋战，为国捐躯，表现出伟大的爱国主义以及高尚的情操，也是值得我们后人敬仰的。

这就是战争的两个阶段，我们知道清政府以战败告终，并且签订了丧权辱国的《南京条约》。请同学们快速浏览课本，看《南京条约》的内容是什么？赔款，割香港岛给英国，五口通商，协定关税。除了《南京条约》还有附件《虎门条约》，英法也趁火打劫与清政府签订了《望厦条约》和《黄埔条约》。

三、影响

结合中英《南京条约》及附件的主要内容，分析一下，鸦片战争给中国造成了什么影响？

1、中国大门被迫打开，主权和领土完成遭到破坏。

2、中国由一个独立自主的封建国家开始沦为半殖民地半封建社国家。

3、自给自足的自然经济开始瓦解，中国被卷入资本主义世界市场。

四、鸦片战争中国战败的原因

鸦片战争对中国影响深远，呀啊片战争中过战败的原因是什么？

1、客观——英国综合国力强大，早有准备

2、主观——清政府政治经济军事全面落后，指挥不力

3、根本原因——中国腐朽落后的封建制度那一抵抗心形的资本主义制度。

五、总结，你有什么收获。

六、同学们想一下，们面对如此庞大中国市场，西方人简直欣喜若狂，但真的如他们所想那样吗？我们下节课来继续学习。

第五篇：引言(英文小结)

引言小结译文

1.Throughout the post-World War Ⅱ era, the world，s economies have become increasingly

interdependent in terms of the movement of goods and services, business enterprise, capital, and technology.2.Proponents of an open trading system contend that international trade results in higher levels of

consumption and investment, lower prices of commodities and a wider range of product choices for consumers.Arguments against free trade tend to be voiced during periods of excess production capacity and high unemployment.3.International competitiveness can be analyzed in terms of a firm, an industry, and a nation.Key to the

concept of competitiveness is a productivity, or output per worker hour.4.Researchers have shown that exposure to competition with the world leader in an industry improves a

firm’s performance in that industry.Global competitiveness is a bit like sports: You get better by playing against folks who are better than you.5.Although international trade helps workers in export industries, workers in import-competing

industries feel the threat of foreign competition.They often see their job and wage levels undermined by cheap foreign labour.6.As a rough measure of the importance of international trade in a nation’s economy, we can look at the

nation’s exports and imports as a percentage of its gross domestic product（GDP）.This ratio is known as openness.7.A sudden removal of trade barriers might harm producers and workers in protected industries.It may

be costly to transfer quickly the protected resources to other, more productive activities.Gradual removal of the barriers would minimize this shock effect and the accompanying cost of relocation.8.The World Trade Organization’s summit meeting in Seattle, Washington, in 1999 attests to a

globalization backlash in opposition to continued liberalization of trade, foreign investment, and foreign immigration.