食品安全1000字英文论文

第一篇：食品安全1000字英文论文

Food safety problems in China According to an article in China Daily, the farmers in Weifang, Shandong province would not eat gingers produced by them because they knew clearly their product contained harmful substances(Hou, 2013).This reflects a severe problem on food safety——many food manufacturers run for their own interest at the sacrifice of others’ health, which can pose a threat to people’s ability to enjoy their life and even the development of China.This essay will analyze the causes of this problem and two possible solutions in regard to ensuring food safety.The serious problem of food safety can be attributed to the lack of effective supervision by departments concerned and common sense about food safety by the masses.Xu(2004)reported that “China's annual report of food poisoning cases is about 20000~40000, but experts estimate that the number is less than 1/10 of the actual number of occurrence”, which indicates the gravity of food pollution caused by food poisoning.Lack of effective supervision over food safety by relevant departments is among the most direct reasons for such serious situation.To be more specific, the problem of food safety results from a combination of backward supervising methods, confusion on the standard and lack of effective accountability mechanisms.In addition, people’s weak awareness of safeguarding their own interests and their poor knowledge about food safety are to blame as well.Most citizens will not bother to appeal to law even though their legitimate rights and interests are violated, which leaves outlaws unpunished.Quite a few people only focus on price instead of quality when they purchase food, thus there is a greater chance for them to be affected by contaminated food.The problem of food safety can contribute to numerous consequences, which will weaken people’s ability to enjoy their life to the full and hinder the development of our nation.To start with, food safety problems threaten people’s life seriously.As the old saying goes, “Disease enters by the mouth.” In 2005, 1.8 million people were reported to die from diarrhoeal diseases, largely arising from contaminated food and drinking water.Developed country though the USA is, it still confronts an estimation of 76 million cases of food-borne diseases each year.(Newell, Koopmans, Verhoef, Duizer, Aidara-Kane, Sprong, Opsteegh, Langelaar, Threfall, Scheutz, Giessen & Kruse, 2010)There is no exception in China, where millions of patients with gastrointestinal disease are reported every year, and that helps explain why so many urban residents stay in hospital.More seriously, food safety problems can even affect national development.When issues of food safety occur, consumers’ refusing and resisting harmful food will have an effect on the food production chain involving individuals, enterprises and even the nation.Not only can this cause huge economic losses, affect the image of the country, but also it may affect diplomatic relations between countries.Take the UK for example.Mad cow disease was really a huge blow to the UK in the 1990s.This caused attention from the European Union but the British government adopted a policy of non-cooperation with the export ban implemented by EU and eventually annoyed other member states.Soon the United States banned European cattle products.The effects of mad cow disease rippled through the global economy and intensified trade disputes between the United States and the European Union.(Freeman, 2002)

One possible solution to this problem is to strengthen the accountability on supervisors and update the supervision system.All departments concerned should cooperate with each other, accept the supervision of the people at any time and make administrative law enforcement results open to the masses.However, some people point out that food safety regulatory responsibilities are distributed in various departments while all of those departments are run in pursuit for their own interests.As such the maximum interests of each department can hardly be achieved simultaneously.The problem mentioned above really deserves serious consideration.Hopefully, such operating mechanism has been successfully implemented in European Union.It is proposed in White Paper on Food Safety(2000)that, “in cooperation with the Member States, a framework for the development and operation of national control systems will be developed.It will be based on agreed criteria for performance of these systems, and lead to clear guidelines on their operation.”(p.4)In regard to transparency during the operation, the White Paper(2000)also gives relevant statements, “the Commission will promote a dialogue with consumers to encourage their involvement in the new Food Safety policy.Consumers also need to be kept better informed of emerging Food Safety concerns and risks to certain groups from particular foods.”(p.4)

Another solution is to establish a safety education propaganda system and let consumers learn to use the law to safeguard their legitimate rights and interests.In order to raise people’s awareness of food safety and disseminate the general knowledge of law, the government can set up civil rights organizations.One thing that hinders the development of consumer organizations is the low level of engagement.Consumers in China usually turn to Consumers’ Association for help, which is almost the only means consumers can take.To make the situation worse, Consumers’ Associations across China are managed by administrative departments for industry and commerce, so their social credibility is restrained.In Hong Kong, members of the consumer council are appointed by the Chief Executive himself and published by the media.Operation of the council remains highly transparent and accountable to the public.In view of Hong Kong’s experience in protecting consumer rights, more civil rights organizations are needed in China and their power should be enlarged.In conclusion, many people in China don’t realize the gravity of food safety and let their health be threatened by food containing harmful substances.It’s high time that government tackled this acute problem through effective measures such as improving the supervision system and setting up civil rights organizations.Otherwise, an increasing number of people will suffer from food-borne diseases and our nation’s development may even slow down.If you don’t want to live all day in the fear of eating contaminated food, just use your right to supervise the departments concerned without hesitation.Your tiny effort counts!

(1,023 words)

References: Hou Liqiang(2013, May 6th), Weifang govt to crack down on illegal sale of overused

pesticide，China

Daily，Retrieved

from http://europe.chinadaily.com.cn/business/2013-05/06/content_16480074.htm

Xu Xiangmei(2004, November 25th), At least 200000 people affected by food each year in China, Commercial Times, Retrieved from http://news.sina.com.cn/c/2004-11-25/06544340230s.shtml

Newell, D.G., Koopmans M., Verhoef, L., Duizer, E., Aidara-Kane, A., Sprong, H., Opsteegh, M., Langelaar, M., Threfall, J., Scheutz, F., Giessen, J.V.& Kruse，H.(2010), Food-borne diseases — The challenges of 20 years ago still persist

while new ones continue to emerge, International Journal of Food Microbiology，139，pS4，Retrieved

from

http://uesc.br/cursos/pos_graduacao/mestrado/animal/bibliografia2013/bianca_art1_newell.pdf

Freeman H.B.(2002), Trade Epidemic: The Impact of the Mad Cow Crisis on EU-U.S Relations;Boston College International and Comparative Law Review, 25(2), p343, Retrieved from http://lawdigitalcommons.bc.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1174&context=iclr The European Communities(2000), White Paper on Food Safety, Brussels

第二篇：食品安全英文

食品安全问题

In recent years, China’s food industry occurs security issus frequently, which makes people worried and lose confidence.Food safety, related to the people’s health, safety and healthy development of economy, is the major issue of national stability and social development.Since the Sanlu Incident occurred in 2008, the entire society increasingly concerned about food safety issue.It was in this context that the food safety issue was referred to an unprecedented level.There are the following main issues in food security: using poor quality raw materials in the food manufacturing process, adding toxic substances, excessive use of food additives, abusing of chemical additives and so on.There are many reasons to cause this problem, and regulators, producers and even consumers share responsibilities.The entire society should try effort to avoid food safety issues.

第三篇：(英文话题)食品安全

四：On food safety 食品安全（Part 3 描述图片，话题讨论）

Version I It is universally acknowledged that the safety of food is closely related to our health.However, At the beginning of the year 2008, the low-quality milk products by SANLU Company killed many babies.Therefore, it is high time that we paid attention to this grave issue.There are several reasons for these serious problems.First and foremost, some companies, to gain huge profits, make fake commodities or products of poor quality.In addition, laws and regulations have not been implemented in a strict way.Last but not least, the public especially customers from poor families ,are not alert enough to the safety of food.In view of the graveness of the problem, effective measures must be taken before things get worse.Firstly, it is imperative that relevant laws and regulation should be enforced in a stringent way.Secondly, the public should be trained to be alert to food quality.Only by taking these actions can the problem be tackled successfully in the nearest future.Version II

Food safety problem has become the focus of the global concern.In China, the food security problem really causes people 's concern.The food safety incidents that have occurred in China over the past few years are still fresh in people’s minds: 2008’s melamine-poisoned milk powder;gutter cooking oil(地沟油);Shuanghui’s clenbuterol-contaminated(瘦肉精)pork;dyed steamed buns(染色馒头)in Shanghai.Incidents like these are a source of constant concern for the public.Food safety is the most basic problem of people's livelihood, why in China the national food safety problems emerge in endlessly?

过去的几年间发生的重大食品安全事件仍然历历在目。2008年的三聚氰胺毒奶粉事件、之后的地沟油事件以及双汇瘦肉精事件、上海染色馒头事件都在不断触动公众脆弱的神经。食品安全是最基本的民生问题，为什么在我国家食品安全问题层出不穷呢？

Science and technology level is relatively backward, the food industry standard relatively slowly.Lack of moral and credibility boost China's current food safety problems.Environmental pollution leads to the risk of food safety remaining high.Meanwhile, people’s thought of utilitarianism is more serious which caused the food safety problems to appear repeatedly.科技水平仍相对落后, 食品行业标准相对滞后。道德滑坡、诚信缺失助推了中国当前的食品安全问题。环境污染导致食品安全风险性居高不下，人们的功利主义思想比较严重等原因，造成了食品安全问题屡现。

解决方案：

What food can be safely eaten? Law is not perfect（法律不完善）

There are many disadvantages of China’s legal system about food safety, which has provided the unqualified food with the living space.China's law provisions about food safety is too sweeping, difficult to operate, and these laws and regulations are seriously lagging.Many indicators are far below the international standard, and many important standards still haven’t come out, which has enacted those illegal manufacturers and enterprises.中国关于食品安全的法律体系中存在着诸多弊端和问题，为不少问题食品的产生提供了生存的空间。中国的食品安全法律条文规定的过于笼统，难以操作，并且这些法律法规和标准体系严重滞后，现有的一些食品安全的标准水平规定偏低，许多指标远远低于国际标准，许多重要的标准至今还尚未制定出来，这就为那些不法厂商、企业违法生产超低标准、不合标准的食品提供了可乘之机。

Consumers’ lack of the consciousness of food safety（消费者食品知识匮乏）

First, consumers are lack of knowledge about food safety.In China, many consumers’ income level is low, without enough spending power, plus, the lack of corresponding common sense, so ,when buying, they are indifferent to food safety and often only pursue cheap products, regardless of the quality health problems.Consumers’ psychological state supports the problem of food sales opened the doors for some illegal companies..Secondly, many consumers are lack of common sense about scientific consuming food, which could trigger some diseases and even cause food poisoning events.首先，消费者缺乏购买安全食品的常识。中国众多的消费者由于收入水平低下，没有足够的消费能力，加上缺乏相应的常识，所以在购买食品时安全意识淡漠，往往只图便宜，不顾及食品的质量、卫生问题。在消费者这种心理的支持下，就为问题食品的销售打开了门路。

其次，很多消费者缺乏科学食用食物的常识，由此可能会引发一些疾病的产生，甚至导致食物中毒事件的发生。

第四篇：食品安全英文报告范文

Research show that under normal circumstances , people and other organisms have characteristics in common , namely when indiriduals grow , the substances they reed synthesize varions metabolic.In recent years , the wave of industy has brought material civilization , while people have found a number of hormone existing outside living organisms which widely used in agricultural prodnction and people`s daily life.It can olstain benefits as well as great damages.For cattle , sheep more flesh and milk , people inject them with a large quantity of estrogen;for fish ,shrimp rapid growth , farmers add the “birth”hormone feed : for vegetables , fruit biggerand earlier into the market , peasamtries spray or even inject a certain concentration of ethylene ,ABA and other “accelerator ”.This kind of substance , as a role of endocrine hormore as humans and organisms , called environmental hormone by scientific community also known as “the third damage ”.Enrironmental hormones on the human body ,mainly though the substance containing the hormone , produce adverse ereactions after eating.The reactions cause endocrine disruption , body`s Normal hormonal disorger , manifested in development , reproduction mind mood and other aspects.According to prelimiinary research confirmed that in current svcial life harm to humans and organisms we have beer found the harmful substances which plays a similar role of hormones at least three humdred species.The main harms are as fonows : Fisrst , there exists a lot of hormone substances in food and water , causing less sperm , male degradation , and even high incidence of male infertility.Seeond , they causes fetal malforation.Third , they interfere and reduce the immune system , resulting in mental retardation , neurological dysfumction , even cancer.Today , it has been recognized that harmones are serionsly harmful.Scientists throughont that world have paid attention to and address this issue.

第五篇：BS100字英文介绍

B/S模式

一、介绍

B/S模式是一种以Web技术为基础的新型的管理信息系统（简称MIS）系统平台模式。把传统C/S模式中的服务器部分分解为一个数据服务器与一个或多个应用服务器(Web服务器)，从而构成一个三层结构的客户服务器体系。

第一层客户机，它是用户与整个系统的接口。客户的应用程序精简到一个通用的浏览器软件，如Netscape Navigator，微软公司的IE等。浏览器将HTML代码转化成图文并茂的网页。网页还具备一定的交互功能，允许用户在网页提供的申请表上输入信息提交给后台，并提出处理请求。这个后台就是第二层的Web服务器。

第二层Web服务器将启动相应的进程来响应这一请求，并动态生成一串HTML代码，其中嵌入处理的结果，返回给客户机的浏览器。如果客户机提交的请求包括数据的存取，Web服务器还需与数据库服务器协同完成这一处理工作。第三层数据库服务器的任务类似于C/S模式，负责协调不同的Web服务器发出的SQ请求，管理数据库。

二、B/S和C/S的区别

1．硬件环境不同：

C/S 一般建立在专用的网络上，小范围里的网络环境，局域网之间再通过专门服务器提供连接和数据交换服务。

B/S 建立在广域网之上的，不必是专门的网络硬件环境，例如电话上网，租用设备.信息自己管理.有比C/S更强的适应范围，一般只要有操作系统和浏览器就行。

2．对安全要求不同

C/S 一般面向相对固定的用户群，对信息安全的控制能力很强。一般高度机密的信息系统采用C/S 结构适宜。可以通过B/S发布部分可公开信息。

B/S 建立在广域网之上，对安全的控制能力相对弱，可能面向不可知的用户。

3．对程序架构不同

C/S 程序可以更加注重流程，可以对权限多层次校验，对系统运行速度可以较少考虑。

B/S 对安全以及访问速度的多重的考虑，建立在需要更加优化的基础之上.比C/S有更高的要求 B/S结构的程序架构是发展的趋势，从MS的.Net系列的BizTalk 2000 Exchange 2000等，全面支持网络的构件搭建的系统。SUN 和IBM推JavaBean 构件技术等，使 B/S更加成熟.。

4．软件重用不同

C/S 程序可以不可避免的整体性考虑，构件的重用性不如在B/S要求下的构件的重用性好。

B/S 对的多重结构，要求构件相对独立的功能.能够相对较好的重用.就如买来的餐桌可以再利用，而不是做在墙上的石头桌子

5．系统维护不同

C/S 程序由于整体性，必须整体考察，处理出现的问题以及系统升级.升级难.可能是再做一个全新的系统

B/S 构件组成，方面构件个别的更换，实现系统的无缝升级.系统维护开销减到最小.用户从网上自己下载安装就可以实现升级。

6．处理问题不同

C/S 程序可以处理用户面固定，并且在相同区域，安全要求高，需求与操作系统相关.应该都是相同的系统。

B/S 建立在广域网上，面向不同的用户群，分散地域，这是C/S无法作到的。与操作系统平台关系最小。

7．用户接口不同

C/S 多是建立的Window平台上，表现方法有限，对程序员普遍要求较高。B/S 建立在浏览器上，有更加丰富和生动的表现方式与用户交流.并且大部分难度减低，减低开发成本。

8．信息流不同

C/S 程序一般是典型的中央集权的机械式处理，交互性相对低。

B/S 信息流向可变化，B-B B-C B-G等信息、流向的变化，更像交易中心。

三、B/S的优点

1、系统开发、维护、升级方便

每当服务器应用程序升级时，只要在服务器上升级服务应用程序即可，用户计算机上的浏览器软件不需要修改，系统开发和升级维护方便.2、B/S模式具有很强的开放性

在B/S模式下，用户通过通用的浏览器进行访问，系统开放性好。

3、B/S模式的结构易于扩展

由于Web的平台无关性，B/S模式的结构可以任意扩展，可以从包含一台服务器和几个用户的小型系统扩展成为拥有成千上万个用户的大型系统.。

4、用户使用方便

B/S模式的应用软件都是基于Web浏览器的，而Web浏览器的界面是类似的。对于无用户交换功能的页面。用户接触的界面都是一致的，用户使用方便。

TopicofB / S structure

Ⅰ.Introduction

B/S is a new pattern information managementsystem(MIS)of platform model , which is based of Web skill and break up the server part of traditional C/S model into a data server and no less than one application server(web server),so that become client system with three structures.The first tier client, it is the interface between the user and the system.Streamline client application to a generic browser software such as Netscape Navigator, Microsoft's IE and so on.Browser HTML code into the illustrated pages.Site also has some interactive features that allow the user to enter information presented to provide background on the web application form and make processing the request.The second layer is the background Web server.The second layer of the Web server will initiate the process to respond to this request, and dynamically generate a bunch of HTML code, the result of which is embedded processing, returned to the client browser.If the request submitted by the client includes a data access, Web server, and database server needs to complete the collaborative processing.The third layer is the database server tasks similar to C/S mode, responsible for coordinating the SQ different Web server sends requests, manage the database.Ⅱ Difference between B / S and C/S

(1)Hardware environment

C/S is generally built on a dedicated network, a small range in the network environment, then provide connectivity and data exchange services between the LAN via a dedicated server.B/S builds on the wide area network, the network does not have to be a dedicated hardware environment, such as telephone access, leased equipment.Information they manage.Than the C/S stronger adaptation, generally as long as the operating systems and browsers on the line.(2)Safety requirements

Relatively fixed C/S is generally user-oriented group of information security controls are strong.Generally highly confidential information systems using C/S structure appropriate.It can publish public information through B/S.B / S based on the wide area network, the security control is relatively weak, the user may for unknown.(3)Program Structure

C/S programs can pay more attention to the process, you can check on the multi-level privileges on the system speed can be less consideration.B/S for security and access speed of multiple considerations, the need to establish more optimal basis.Has higher requirements B/S structure of the application architecture is the development trend of the ratio C/S, from the MS.Net Series the BizTalk 2000 Exchange 2000, a comprehensive support network components to build a system.SUN and IBM push JavaBean component technology, so that B/S is more mature.(4)Software reuse

C/S integrity of the program can be considered unavoidable, reusable component reuse is not as good in B/S requirements under the member.B/S multiple structure, requiring relatively independent functional components.Reuse can be relatively good.Would like to buy a table can be reused, rather than doing a table in a stone wall

(5)System Maintenance

C/S program due to the holistic, whole investigation must deal with the problems and system upgrades.Upgrade difficult.Probably do a new system

B/S component composition, replacement of individual aspects of components, to achieve a seamless system upgrade system maintenance overhead is minimized.Users from the Internet to download the installation can be upgraded.(6)Deal with the problem

C/S can handle fixed user plane, and in the same area, security requirements, and operating system-related needs.Should all be the same system.B/S based WAN, for different user groups, geographic dispersion, which is theC/S can not be done.Relationship with minimum operating system platform.(7)User Interface

C/S Multi-Window platform is built on the limited performance of the method, programmers generally higher.B/S based on the browser, there are more rich and vivid expressions and user communication, And most difficult to reduce, reduce development costs.(8)Information flow

C/S program is usually a typical centralized mechanical handling, relatively low interactivity.B/S flow of information can change, change BB BC BG and other information flows, like trading center.Ⅲ AdvantageofB / S

(1)Convenient to update、maintain and develop System.Whenever a server application upgrades, as long as you can upgrade the service application on the server, the browser software on the user's computer without modification, systems development and upgrading maintenance.2、strong open

In the B/S mode, the user access through a common browser, system openness is good.(2)strong open

In the B / S mode, the user access through a common browser, system openness is good.(3)easy to extend

Because the Web is a platform-independent, structural B/S mode can be arbitrarily extended, can contain from one server and several small systems users have thousands of users expanded into large systems

(4)Easy to use

B/S mode applications are based on a Web browser, and a Web browser interface is similar.For non-users switching pages.User contact interface are the same, the user easy to use.阎晓燕

2010080305516

2014年1月9日星期四