雅思听力考试中同义替换词的常见形式范文

第一篇：雅思听力考试中同义替换词的常见形式范文

三立教育www.xiexiebang.com

雅思听力考试中同义替换词的常见形式

今天三立在线教育雅思网为大家带来的是雅思听力考试中同义替换词的常见形式的相关资讯，备考的烤鸭们，赶紧来看看吧！

在雅思听力考试中，同义替换的出现形式有多种，我们主要介绍两种：

①单词或词组的同义替换；

②句式的同义替换。

雅思听力同义替换之单词或词组

单词或词组的同义替换主要是指某个单词或者词组在录音中以一种形式出现，在题目的题干或选项中却以相同意义的另一种形式出现。单词的同义替换主要包括同一词根衍生出的不同词性词语间的替换和异形同义词间的替换。词组的同义替换一般包括两种：一种是同义词组与单词之间的替换，另一种是同义词组之间的替换。下面我们通过具体真题来分析。

In the seminar the work on writing aims to improve

A.confidence.B.speed.C.clarity.录音：

Student： Mm，that sounds good.What are some of the strategies that are presented？ Officer： Well，we try to cover all aspects of of the strategies in writing，for example，wouldbe improving your planning for writing，organising your thinking and building some techniques to help you write more clearly „ 三立教育www.xiexiebang.com

解析：

本题的正确答案是选项C。正确答案在选项中以clear的名词形式（clarity）出现，而在录音中却以副词的形式（clearly）出现。有的考生即使在录音中听出了clearly，但因为不熟悉clarity的意思，不知道其是clearly的同义替换，所以最后选错了答案。

Dr Merrywhether thinks Antarctica was part of another continent because（选自《剑7》Test 2 Listening Section 3）

A.he has done his own research in the area.B.there is geological evidence of this.C.it is very close to South America.录音：

Interviewer： How old is Antarctica？

Doctor： We’re pretty sure it was part of a larger land mass but it broke away from the rest of the

continent 170 million years ago.Interviewer： How can you be certain of this？

Doctor： „ because fossils and rocks have been discovered in Antarctica which are the same as those found in places such as Africa and Australia.解析：

本题的正确答案是选项B，解题关键是考生能听出录音中的fossils and rocks和 三立教育www.xiexiebang.com

选项B中的geological evidence属于同义替换。从语义上来说，这属于归纳总结性的词组同义替换，即录音中为举例，题目中出现的词汇为总结概括。很多考生在做这道题时都出现了错误，主要原因是把录音中的Africa and Australia听成了America，错选了选项C，或者即使听到了fossils and rocks，但没有将其理解为geological evidence的同义替换，结果选错了答案。

雅思听力考试的考查目的之一是培养考生多样化的语言表达能力，所以正确选项中往往不会出现原词重现的现象。所以，考生要知道“听到什么要慎选什么”的道理，不能在录音中听到什么就选什么。同时，考生还要明白雅思听力考试题目的题干和选项中出现的往往是学术词汇，而考生听到的录音则是口语化表达，所以结果就是复杂的题目词汇对应录音中简单的口语表达，比如本题中geological evidence是典型的学术用语，而与之对应的fossil和rock是相对简单的口语表达。考生了解了这一点，就需要在平时练习中多注意对学术词汇的认知性记忆，多训练对口语化词汇的反应敏感度。

雅思听力同义替换之句式

在雅思听力考试中，除了单词或词组的同义替换外，还会出现句式上的同义替换。当发生句式的同义替换时，句子形式变动较大，考生把握起来会有些难度。

23.The purpose of the Visitor’s Centre is to（选自《剑7》Test 2 Listening Section 3）

A.provide accommodation.B.run training session.C.show people what Antarctica is like.录音： 三立教育www.xiexiebang.com

Interviewer： Really？ And what does the Visitor’s Centre offer？

Doctor： Well „ the Visitor’s Centre aims to recreate the atmosphere of Antarctica.There’s a mock camp

site where you can see inside an Antarctic tent and imagine yourself sleeping there „

解析：

不少考生听完这道题的录音后，选出的答案是选项A。原因是在录音中听到了选项A 中accommodation的同义词sleeping there。这些考生没有注意到录音中sleeping there前还有一个动词imagine。原文的意思是说想象你睡在里面，并非真的是让你睡进去。在这道题中，同义替换的出现也成了干扰选项。本题的正确答案是选项C。考生在答题时需注意题干中的关键词purpose，在这个词的提示下，考生在听录音时要重点听对话中表目的的内容。录音中是“the Visitor’s Centre aims to recreate the atmosphere of Antarctic”来表示访问中心的功能，这句话不但与“题干+正确选项”的用词不同，连句式表达也变了样：“„ aims to do sth.”变成了“The purpose of „ is to do sth.”。

这样的同义替换理解起来有一定难度。这就需要考生在做题时多注意录音和题目各选项之间在句式方面的变化。

另附雅思听力高频替换词

1、解决：Solve，deal with，cope with，handle，resolve，address，tackle

2、损害：Damage，hurt，injure，harm，impair，undermine，jeopardize

3、给与：Give，offer，render，impart，provide，supply，afford

4、培养：Develop，cultivate，foster 三立教育www.xiexiebang.com

5、优势：Advantage，merit，virtue，benefit，upside，strength

6、缺陷：Disadvantage，demerit，drawback，downside，weakness

7、使迷惑：Puzzle，bewilder，perplex，baffle

8、重要的：Key，crucial，critical，important，significant，vital，substantial，indispensable，imperative

9、认为：Think，believe，insist，maintain，assert，conclude，deem，hold，argue，be convinced，be firmly convinced，be fully convinced

10、保护：Protect，conserve，preserve

11、确保：Assure，ensure，guarantee，pledge

12、有害的：Bad，baneful evil，harmful，detrimental

13、要求：Request，demand，needs，requisition

14、消除：Eliminate，clear，remove，clear up，take away，smooth away

15、导致：Lead to，bring about，result in，cause，spark off，conduce to，procure，induce，generate

16、因此：So，therefore，thus，hence，consequently，as a consequence，accordingly，as a result，because of this，as a result of this

17、增长至：Grow to，rise to，increase to，go up to，climb to，ascend to，jump to，shoot to

18、降低至：Dip to，fall to，decline to，decrease to，drop to，go down to，reduce to，slump to，descend to，sink to，slide to 三立教育www.xiexiebang.com

19、保持稳定：Level out，do not change，remain stable，remain still，remain steady，be stable，maintain the same level，remain unchanged，be still，remain the same level，stay constant，keep at the same level，level off，stabilize，keep its stability，even out

20、急剧地：Dramatically，drastically，sharply，hugely，enormously，steeply，substantially，considerably，significantly，markedly，surprisingly，strikingly，radically，remarkably，vastly，noticeably

如上就是三立网课教育小编为大家带来的雅思听力考试中同义替换词的常见形式的相关资讯，掌握最新雅思资讯，敬请关注（三立在线教育雅思网）更多雅思考试资讯以及备考资料免费领！

第二篇：学为贵雅思听力167同义替换

学为贵雅思听力167同义替换（147+新增20）学为贵雅思整理雅思听力167同义替换。147

1.Establish-built

2.Building-construction 3.Rebuilt--reconstruct 4.expertise-ability

5.Noisy-disturbing--not quiet 6.Open--not close

7.Boring--not interesting 8.Risky--dangerous

9.Less likely-tends not 10.Not include-exclude 11.Steal-theft 12.Tent-marquee 13.Coastline-shore 14.Cost-price-expenses 15.Cost-pay-fee 16.Money-funds 17.More than-over 18.Classify-category 19.Accommodation-living 20.Drop in-fall 21.Entrance-access 22.Double-twice 23.Behind-back 24.Export-abroad 25.Purpose-aim

26.No military-peaceful 27.Tactics-strategies 28.Student-pupil

29.At present-already 30.Overlook-underestimate 31.Find-discover 32.Density-how much 33.Copy-repeat 34.Ideal-perfect 35.Rigorous-strict 36.Restrict/limit

37.Unrestricted/ no limit 38.Feature-characteristic 39.Bury-underground 40.Artwork-painting 41.42.43.44.45.46.47.48.49.50.51.52.53.54.55.56.57.58.59.60.61.62.63.64.65.66.67.68.69.70.71.72.73.74.75.76.77.78.79.80.81.82.83.84.Bone-skeleton Food-feed Sales-retail Sea-marine care/caution

Update-more current

out of date/ old fashioned

Particular-special /In particular/ especially

Press/media/ newspaper Mate/friend

Perspective/ analysis Renovate/ fix/ repair Enlarge/ add

Implication/ explanation Temporary/ a short time Book/reserve

Booking/reservation Climb/ go up/ increase

Difficult/hard/ not easy/simple Round/curve Order/sequence Shorten-cut down

Carving/ sculpture/ statue Ancient/ medieval

Inhabitants-people-population-resident Personal illness-medical-sickness Entertainment/recreation/leisure Environment-neighborhood-surrounding Ways-how-method-approach

Time pressure-deadline-on time Handle-deal with-cope with Lack of/fewer/shortage

Lack of/ not sufficient/ not enough Support-help-assistance-aids

Staff shortage-understaffed-staff cuts Alone-single-by themselves Show-demonstrate-display Maximum-up to-at most

Minimum/at least/begin/start

Financial affair-economic situation Have different views-not agree with Lower-reduce-fewer-decrease

Various-different-variety-diversity-range of Occupation-profession-jobs 85.Animals-wildlife-marine creature-mammals 86.Prepare refreshments-hospitality 87.Annual-every year

88.Every month-monthly-four weeks 89.Every day-daily

90.Shape like –look like 91.Depress-dispirit

92.Camera-photographs-pictures 93.Plant-tree-vegetation 94.Well-known-famous--fame 95.Type –sort--kind

96.Specialize in-focus-emphasis 97.Reference materials-book-journals 98.Part-component-proportion-percent 99.Change-alter-modify-adjust 100.Representative-typical 101.Rural area-countryside 102.Accurately-precisely 103.Hypothesis-not clear 104.Exceed-above

105.Deadline/extension/extend 106.Online-internet-website 107.Movie-film/documentary 108.Demand/need/require 109.Fuel/coal/firewood

110.Statistics/data/ figure 111.Jewels/precious stones 112.Institution/university

113.Advantage/benefit/ positive/good thing/ strength 114.Disadvantage/ drawback/ shortcoming/negative/problem 115.Increase/improve 116.Most/ majority 117.Not many/ very few

118.Some/ quite a bit/ a little

119.amount of/ lots of/ large quantities of 120.limited/ just a few/ a small number of 121.Geology/ fossils/rocks

122.Organization/ business/ company 123.Less suspicious/ trust 124.In advance/ before/ ahead 125.warning/ alarm 126.produce/generate 127.staffing/ recruit

128.geographical/ cliff/ rocks 129.130.131.132.133.134.135.136.137.138.139.140.141.142.143.144.145.146.147.at present/ existing

organize/organization/ structure computer/ laptop

more often/ more frequent early on/ beginning/ basics parallel/ along press/ newspaper handy/convenient

gym/fitness center(suite)/keep-fit studio uncommon/special/ unique/unusual Place-where-spot-location-area remote/isolated

harsh weather/extreme environment seen/sighted newest/latest

exhibition/show/ display emigrate/ go away

society/the public/ local people energy /energetic

新增20

1.important—significant 2.below—under 3.habitat—live 4.target—aim

5.straightforward—simple 6.disused—empty 7.see—spot

8.education—schools/colleges 9.expanded—increased 10.refurbish—redecorate 11.management—administer 12.move—relocate

13.internationally—different countries 14.protect—safeguard 15.injury—dangerous 16.injury—harm 17.Move—transfer 18.Work—item

19.Media—TV/newspaper

20.Travelling—passengers/flight

第三篇：雅思听力高频替换词总结

雅思听力高频替换词汇总

数字类：

two: double = couple of = twice = two times three = triple 2 weeks = a fortnight = 14 days 1 months = 4 weeks = 30 days 3 months = a season 25% = a quarter 15 minutes = a quarter 少于 40%的比例 = a small proportion 多于 60%的比例 = a large proportion 50% = half the second = the next = the coming 表述数量（繁多）的短语替换

a wide/ large/ great/ massive range of = a variety of = various = large quantities of = a large/great number of = a large amount of = lots of = all sorts of = all kinds of = massive all over = throughout遍布

part = area = portion = component = proportion部分 some = a part of = certain = a few = several一些 range = distance = radius = part = area范围

时间：

现在 now = at present(time)= currently = at this moment(= this year/ month/ week)(=existing)过去 in the past = once = … ago = before(= last year/ month/ week)(= the old …)(=used to …)

未来 in the future = will = be going to = in the coming(year/month/week)(= the next year/month/week)(=haven’t done yet, but …)

校园内：

student = pupil小学生；= undergraduate本科生； = postgraduate研究生 teacher = tutor = lecturer = professor = director = conductor = guider = coach 老师，指导者

school = faculty院系 course = major学习专业 subject = module学习科目

class = lecture = tutorial = workshop = session = seminar课程

aid = help = conduct = guide = offer hand(= give/ provide advice and guidance = suggest)帮助；指导

assignment = paper;= essay;= coursework;= homework;= report;= project;= proposal;= dissertation作业类 deadline = due date截止日期

references = bibliography = reading list参考材料

research = exploration = survey = study = investigation = observation = discovery = experiment研究，实验

data = figure = information = statistical evidence数据 internet = online = website = web网络 evaluate = assess = test = estimate评估

test = quiz = exercise = examination = exam测验

商业、公司中：

plan = strategy策略 = schedule = arrangement = project = programme = blueprint计划

employee = worker = staff雇员

coworker = workmate = colleague = people in the same department = people who work with you同事

employer = boss = management = manager = director = interviewer雇主，管 理者

weekday = week工作日

company = firm = cooperate = organisation = business = group = institute公 司，企业，机构

sales = retail销售（retailing零售业）shop = store = department store商店

money = finance = fund = grant = capital = asset钱，资金

cost = fee = overheads = expense = spending = expenditure费用，成本 revenue收入 profit利润

其他相关词汇： charge收费/ investment投资 / tax税收/ income收入/

budget预算

advertisement = commercial广告

creativity = innovation = inspiration = brainstorm创造力，灵感 consumer = customer = buyer = client顾客 risk = danger = adventure = threat风险，冒险

旅游、动植物

photo = photograph = photography = picture = image = camera照相，相片 place = area = region = spot = site = location = land = field = position地点，位 置

tourist site = attraction = interest = scenery = resort风景，景点 village = countryside = suburb = rural area/ setting乡下 town = city = urban area城市

ocean = sea = the water = undersea world = marine海洋 beach = coast = coastline = shore海岸，海滩

animal = creature = species = wildlife = living things动物

(= marine animal海洋动物;= mammal哺乳动物;= reptile爬行动物)livestock = sheep = cow = cattle家畜

marine animal = sea creature = fish & shell = seafood海洋动物 bones = skeleton骨骼

look = appearance外貌

characteristics = feature = what’s special about …特征 plant = trees = vegetation = vegetable植物 film = movie = documentary电影 computer = laptop电脑

family = with children家庭

parent / son / daughter / sister & brother = sibling / cousin savings = deposit储蓄

the masses = ordinary people = general public = public sphere大众 speech = lecture = talk = address讲座,演讲 goal = target = aim = orientation目标 choice = option = selection = alternative选择

优点

advantage = benefit = positive side = good point = strength 缺点

disadvantage = drawback = negative side = problem = weakness = barrier障 碍 = obstacle阻碍

limit = restriction = boundary = bottom line限制 environment = surrounding = atmosphere环境 entertainment = recreation = leisure娱乐

fitness club = fitness centre = gym = keep-fit studio健身房 disease = illness = health issues = health problems = medical situations疾病

medication = medicine = pills = tablets = capsules = drug药物 toxin = poison毒素

bike = bicycle自行车 = cycling骑行 media = press = print = newspaper媒体

magazine = journal = periodical = article = newspaper报刊杂志 gift = present礼物

agriculture = crops农作物 = grain粮食，谷物= corn = wheat小麦大麦 = cereal谷类

fuel = gas燃气；= coal煤； = energy能量，能源 way = method = approach = technique方法 = skill = strategy = tactic技巧

example = representative = sample = case例子

= barley

动词替换：

ask = request = require = demand要求 ask … to do = invite … to do邀请

employ = hire = pay … = recruit招聘，雇佣

use = take advantage of = utilise = employ = apply使用 book = reserve预订

buy = purchase = consumer = invest in购买 change = alter = adjust = shift改变 disturb = interrupt干扰，打断

damage = ruin = destroy = undermine = break = vandalise破坏 attack = offend攻击

classify = categorise(classification = category)分类 make = produce = generate = create产生，创造

= build = construct建立 copy = duplicate = replicate = double复制

run = operate = handle = organise = take charge of = take control of = manage 经营，管理

provide = offer = give = contribute to提供

= allocate = distribute分配，分发 divide … into = break(down)… into把…分成

increase = rise up = grow = go up = strengthen上升，增多 decrease = decline = go down = drop = fall = weaken减少

look = investigate = observe = explore = check = find out = discover = examine 发现，探索

be seen = be sighted = be observed被观察到

focus on = emphasise on = pay attention to = notice关注 register = sign up = enroll注册，登记 deal with = handle = cope with处理

prevent … from = protect … from = preserve … from = stop … from = avoid避 免，保护

come from = originated from来自，源自

get in touch = contact = catch = call = phone联系 connect with = link with = relate to = refer to和…相连 called = named = titled名为 visualise = imagine想象

adapt … to = adjust … = fit … in适应… bury = move … underground埋 renew = replace替换 renew = update更新

形容词、副词替换：

typical = representative典型的

= traditional传统的

related = associated = relevant = connected = linked相关的 basic = elementary = primary = essential = necessary基础的 easy = not difficult = simple简单的 available = usable = valid有效的，可用的 latest = newest最新的 final = last = very late最后的

personal = private = individual私人的 original = old = ancient古老的

old fashioned = outdated = out of date过时的 economical = cost-efficient经济的

fixed = stable = standard = unchanged固定的 few = not enough = lack of缺乏

extraordinary = unusual = not common = quite different = rare不寻常的，罕见 的

often = usually = frequently经常 rarely = barely几乎不

only = just = merely仅仅，只是

第四篇：雅思听力常见信号词

最权威的国际教育服务平台

雅思听力常见信号词

从事雅思听力教学已经有很长的时间了，现在把一些我教学上使用的教案发布在网上给大家共享，希望对烤鸭们有帮助

雅思听力考试有它自己的特点，它不同于托福，托福更加强调对大意的理解而雅思更加强调对细节的把握。根据雅思听力自己的特点，那么我们可以用一些特定的破题方法

那么今天给大家介绍的是利用 雅思听力中信号词来帮助我们解题

雅思听力中的信号词可以为我们的解题起到一种很好的导向作用，可以让我们主动去寻找我们要的答案，而不是仅仅的等待答案的出现。雅思听力中的信号词可以为做三种，第一种是语片语段中的信号词

在语言的运用中，我们发现在意义上相互联系的词会同事出现同一语篇中，这些词语属于同一个词汇套，形成了Lexical Chain,因而，当人们遇到其中一个便可以很快会联想这个词汇链中的其它词汇，例如，我们听到post office,我们就可以联想到send, stamp, package.所以当一个词汇链的词语出现在一个语篇或者语段中，这些词语就能衔接句子，起到连句成篇的作用。

这也就是为什么我们在雅思听力备考前我们一定要准备相关的场景词汇，每一个场景中的相关词汇就是一个巨大的词汇链，有了这样强大的词汇链做基础，你就迈出雅思听力的第一步

第二种是听力原文中的逻辑信号词

我们无论是说话还是写作，都会有一定的篇章逻辑，而这些逻辑是需要相关的逻辑词汇进行连接。在雅思听力考试中，它出题的思路也是按照说话者的逻辑顺序来的，也就是说，正确答案总是喜欢出现在某些逻辑词汇之后，因此掌握这些逻辑词汇，在我们听到它们的时候，就可以很快的搜索到我们要的答案。这类词汇不仅对听力很有帮助，对于写作来说也是大有裨益的 我把这些词汇分为六大块

表示列举，增补关系的信号词

资料来源：教育优选 http://www.xiexiebang.com/

最权威的国际教育服务平台

这类的信号词出现的时候，就说明下文出现的内容和前文是同类事物，或者对前文的补充说明，而不会是新的或者相反的信息。

and in addition to one more thing what’s more besides either also too as well as for instance for example furthermore such as like likewise similarly moreover together

表示转折或者对比关系

这一类的词汇在雅思听力中是黄金出题点，任何一套试卷中，这一类词汇是100%要有考点出现的，而且还不少，所以大家一定要仔细掌握这一类词汇。当你在听力中听到这一类词汇的时候，必须集中注意力，说话者是在提醒你相面将要提供的信息是新的或者相反的有改变的信息。

Although by/in contrast as a matter of fact nevertheless instead however otherwise while thought but despite on the contrary on the other hand in the same way in spite of yet whereas 表示顺序喝序列关系的信号词

这一类信号词是帮助大家将分开的信息或者考点连接起来，这一类的信号词并不是考点的设置的高频地方，它起到的作用是帮助大家理清说话者的陈述次序。

First second last but not least third in the middle after between before next for a start afterward finally for one thing for another in the first place first of all to begin with meanwhile until subsequently previously then

表示解释或者强调关系的信号词

这一类信号词是暗示下文对前文的解释以及澄清，是为了加深理解而进行的进一步相关陈述。这一类词后面所出现的内容也往往是考试的重点所在，因为很多学生对这一类词并不敏感，答案就很容易从耳边飘过

That is in particular I mean namely especially actually in other words that is to say specially another way of saying equally

表示因果关系的信号词

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最权威的国际教育服务平台

这一类信号词是表达因果关系，因果关系也是雅思听力中的一个重要考点设置，而且由于因果关系的句子很容易进行句式的改换，所以这就让这个考点显得比较难。Anyhow,我们必须要先掌握这一类词汇

As a result therefore so for since for this reason because consequently thus

表示归纳，结论性关系的信号词

这一类信号词会出现在一段文字或篇章临近结尾的地方，这个地方也是一个重要的考点

As a result altogether finally in short therefore overall in sum thus on the whole in brief to conclude in a word consequently to sum up to summarize in conclusion

最后一种是听力题目中出现的信号词

这一类的信号词是信号词中最最重要的一部分内容，也是我平时给提高班学生上课一定会多次训练的一部分内容。这类词是在卷子中的题目上划出来的，一般分为：名词，动词，形容词，以及填空题所填空前后的单词。能够掌握这一类信号词是能否提高雅思听力成绩的重中之重，但是由于这一类的词汇没有特定的范围，不同的题目有不同的词汇。这一类信号词要配合雅思听力中的细节定位法来使用，是破题的有效手段。

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第五篇：英语写作中观点词的同义替换

英语写作中观点词的同义替换

1解决: Solve, deal with, cope with, handle, resolve, address, tackle 2损害： Damage, hurt, injure, harm, impair, undermine, jeopardize

3给与：Give, offer, render, impart, provide, supply, afford

4培养：：Develop, cultivate, foster

5优势：Advantage, merit, virtue, benefit, upside, strength 缺陷：Disadvantage, demerit, drawback, downside, weakness 使迷惑：Puzzle, bewilder, perplex, baffle 重要的：Key, crucial, critical, important, significant, vital, substantial, indispensable, imperative 认为：Think, believe, insist, maintain, assert, conclude, deem, hold, argue, be convinced, be firmly convinced, be fully convinced 保护：Protect, conserve, preserve

11确保：Assure, ensure, guarantee, pledge 有害的： Bad, baneful evil, harmful, detrimental 要求 ：Request, demand, needs, requisition 消除 ：Eliminate, clear, remove, clear up, take away, smooth away 导致： Lead to, bring about, result in, cause, spark off, conduce to, procure, induce, generate 因此：So, therefore, thus, hence, consequently, as a consequence, accordingly, as a result, because of this, as a result of this 增长至：Grow to，rise to，increase to，go up to，climb to，ascend to，jump to，shoot to

18降低至：Dip to，fall to，decline to，decrease to，drop to，go down to，reduce to，slump to，descend to，sink to，slide to

19保持稳定：Level out，do not change，remain stable，remain still，remain steady，be stable，maintain the same level，remain unchanged，be still，remain the same level，stay constant，keep at the same level，level off，stabilize，keep its stability，even out 急剧地：Dramatically，drastically，sharply，hugely，enormously，steeply，substantially，considerably，significantly，markedly，surprisingly，strikingly，radically，remarkably，vastly，noticeably

21平稳地：Steadily，smoothly，slightly，slowly，marginally，gradually，moderately，mildly 宣称：Allege, assert, declare, claim 发生：Happen, occur, take place 原因：Reason, factor, cause 发展：Development, advance, progress 有益的：Useful, helpful, beneficial, profitable, rewarding，advantageous 影响：Influence, impact, effect

28明显的：Clear, obvious, evident, self-evident, manifest, apparent, crystal-clear

29占：Comprise, take up, account for, constitute, consist of, make up, occupy, hold, compose

30与…相比：Compared with，compared to，in comparison with，in comparison to，by comparison with，by comparison to

31对比而言：By contrast，in contrast，on the other hand，on the contrary=，conversely

32展示：Show, reveal, illustrate, demonstrate, depict, present, represent, describe 33 大约：Approximately，almost，about，around，nearly，roughly

34波动：Fluctuate，go ups and downs，display a fluctuation，demonstrate a fluctuation

35事实上：Practically，in practice，essentially，in essence，in reality，in effect，in fact，as a matter of fact，it is a fact that

36换言之：Namely，that is to say，in other words，to put it like this，to put it differently，to put it from another way，to put it from another angle.