同义词和写作常见词汇

第一篇：同义词和写作常见词汇

第一类：

巨大: big-colossal/ enormous(size, number, degree)/ immense(size, degree)/ gargantuan/ grandiose/ massive/ monolithic/ prodigious(bulk, quantity, degree)/ titanic/ tremendous(large)

小的: small-diminutive/ miniature/ miniscule

快的(副词):fastly—by leaps and bounds(with extraordinary rapidity)

加强: strengthen-bolster/ buttress/ consolidate/ reinforce/ intensify/ fortify(可以用在argument)强的: strong-brawny(人)/ muscular/ sinewy/ impregnable(不可征服)/ invincible(不可征服)/ potent/ robust(人，大范围情况下无失败的能力)/ virile/ stalwart(人，精神，思想)/ stout/ sturdy 强人: baron(巨头)magnate/ mogul—显赫之人

削弱: weaken-diminish / debilitate/ enervate也可用于精神道德上削弱/ sap/ undermine/perish/wane 弱的: weak—feeble/ decrepit/ frail/ flaccid/ impotent/ puny/ tenuous

重要的: important –consequential/ momentous/ eminent/ prominent/ pivotal极其重要/ substantial/ significant/ crucial/ essential/ fundamental

重要: importance—core/ hub/ essence-本质精髓/ gist-main point/magnitude（类似的）

居首位的: leading—foremost/ paramount-至高无上/ overriding /predominant主导地位的，显著的/ prevailing/ preeminent prevalent/ supreme 不重要的: unimportant—marginal/ peripheral/ negligible-微不足道/ trifling/trivial-也作琐碎的

超过: surpass—eclipse-to reduce in importance or repute /exceed/override/overwhelm-强势压倒也可用于精神上overwhelming-adj./prevail/transcend/ be superior to/ outwit / outweigh / be inferior to（劣于）= be subordinate to

强权: ascendancy/hegemony-也做霸权/supremacy

二

初始: beginning—debut/premiere/ prime也做adj.首要的最好的/ genesis-noun.起源/ inception/ onset/ threshold/ lead off/ lead out(比to begin with好得多拉)(或者说什么的到来：advent of something)初始的: beginning--primitive//budding/ fledgling/ embryonic-萌芽期的/（古老的意义解时archaic or antiquated or obsolescent or obsolete）

开始: begin/start—commence-vi&vt/ initiate-vi/ embark/ inaugurate 开始：begin/start=undertake / embark upon着手开始做

增长: grow—multiply成倍增长/mushroom-vi/proliferate/ sprout/accelerate/ burgeon(慢慢增长)使其增长: increase--amplify/ magnify/ add-augment/ supplement增补

加重，升级 aggravate(恶化)vt / escalate-vt&vi/ exacerbate-vt加重恶化/ deteriorate/ impair-vt.损害削弱

减少，减弱: decrease—abate/attenuate/ detract/ diminish/ slacken/curb/ curtail/(number)pare/ prune删除多余的东西/ slash/ trim/ whittle削减利润收入等金钱方面、权利、差别、数目/

减轻decrease---allay/ assuage-减轻使痛苦的东西如愤怒、内疚等/ mollify/ soothe/mitigate/ 变弱decrease—dwindle/ ebb/ subside/ wane/ weaken/ impair 上升: ascend—lift / surge/ rocket/ boast/ soar/ boom 达到顶峰 culminate 也表示以…告终 culminate in；

顶点: peak—acme/apex/ pinnacle/ climax/ apogee n.远地点/ zenith(nadir最低点 or abyss深渊)(zenith&nadir特别适合用在比喻 强调两者的区别大~两个词的来源大家可以查查~两个对比强烈哦)It felt as if we had traveled from nadir to zenith.下降: descend/ plummet垂直急速下降/plunge/ slump/ tumble(fluctuate波动)

三

gather聚拢：accumulate/ amass/ assemble/ congregate/ garner/ glean/ muster/ rally(为反对或支持而召集)group群组：battalion/ bevy/ cluster/ drove/ flock/ swarm/ throng combination集合：assortment/ medley/ mosaic（马赛克）/ motley(五花八门：形容词也可以)a lot of/ a great many of= manifold 许多 – abundant/ ample(充足)/ copious(大量的)/ fraught with/ replete with/ numerous/ innumerable(不计其数)/ myriad 很多/ a multitude of/ multitudes of/ a myriad of 无数的人们/ limitless无限的/ a deluge of/ beaucoup <法> adj.非常多的

(很多同学都喜欢用~a lot of~a great number of~这里注意:numerous这里表达的不是无数很多那样~之表示一般的多~这一点从G猫老外改得一篇文章可以看到)large quantity: 大量：avalanche/a spate of(比喻意大量的某物)/ exodus大量流出/ 大量流入influx/ multitude大量 / plethora 比喻意：大量/ profusion 丰富，繁多 拥有大量：boast/ abound / a deluge of(被大量的某物所淹没)/ teem-vi: teem in到处

散开：spread-dispel(驱散)/ disperse-vi&vt/ disseminate

稀少的：scarce/ meager/ scant/ scanty/ skimpy/ sparse/ dearth 节俭的：frugal/ thrifty/ miserly吝啬的/

富裕的：rich-affluent，affluent society 富足社会/ lavish/ luxurious/ opulent/ sumptuous奢侈的豪华的/ palatial 浪费的：improvident无远见的/ prodigal son（浪荡子）=improvident/ profligate 贫困的：poor= destitute/ impoverished/ impecunious/ indigent(形容人)四

困难的：difficult= arduous/ strenuous/ daunting/ formidable/ exacting/ insuperable/ impassable-~ gulf无法逾越的鸿沟/ onerous繁重的（issue中大量存在“困难”的表达）

困境：(陷入困难的处境就是困难)difficult situations= deadlock/ impasse/ stalemate/ dilemma/ predicament/ quandary/ mire泥沼/ morass/ swamp/ quagmire/ standstill停止，僵局/ labyrinth迷宫-a ~ of relationship 错综复杂的关系(很好的比喻的说法~可以说什么问题把我们陷入了一个迷宫~僵局等~)陷入：reduce/ get bogged down/ plunge into 复杂的：complicated/ intricate/ complex/(这里介绍一个很好的押韵的方法：complex and perplexed/ complicate and intricate or sophisticated用在表达困难的地方可以显示出词汇的完善更能有一种押运修辞的效果~读起来琅琅上口)复杂的事情：imbroglio/ mesh/ tangle/ labyrinth迷宫= maze 卷入复杂的境地：involve= embroil/ ensnare诱入陷阱/ entangle

从复杂境地脱身：escape= extricate

难以理解：abstruse/ recondite/ intricate/ arcane只有少数人可以理解=esoteric/ cryptic 简短却令人迷惑/ enigmatic 谜一般的 enigma 形容词形式/ inexplicable无法解释/ inscrutable无法捉摸=unfathomable/ mysterious/ supernatural/ mystical/ extraterrestrial

(这里的词很多都表示 难以理解~ 很多题目学习类~教育类~社会类~历史类~艺术类~只要表示某某问题把我们难倒了都可以用)迷mystery-puzzle= enigma/ conundrum/ riddle/迷宫labyrinth/ maze 令人迷惑：puzzle = baffle/ befuddle/ bewilder/ confound/ mystify/ perplex

令人沮丧：depressed= with depression/ frustrating/ daunting令人畏惧的/ dismal/ 使可以理解：clarify= elucidate/ enlighten启迪教化/ explicate阐明/ expound on/upon /illuminate照亮说清楚

可以理解的：intelligible = explicit/ lucid 阻碍：hindrance-noun.= fetter/ shackle/ trammel枷锁桎梏/ onus负担重任

阻碍：动词hamper = encumber造成负担/ foil/ stymie/ thwart阻碍或者挫败工作完成/ handicap/ hinder/ impede/ retard 压制：smother/ stifle 令人窒息，压制约束 suppress/ pin down 协助促进：aid = facilitate/ foster/ nurture/ buttress/ 五

著名的：famous = celebrated/ renowned/ reputed/ distinguished/ illustrious/ prestigious/ outstanding/ distinctive/ eminent/ notable/ noticeable/ striking/ remarkable/ preeminent be famous for = take pride in

elite= meritocrat(meritocracy n.知识界精华)(用上的话超级有文采~嘻嘻)有特色：feature = savor/ 因为什么而闻名可用famous一系列

臭名昭著：disreputable = infamous/ notorious/ nefarious因为极坏而臭名昭著 好的名声：reputation = esteem/ prestige 坏的名声：disgrace/ disrepute/ ignominy/ infamy/ odium/ opprobrium/ stigma 不好的声誉，耻辱。

尊重 noun.：respect = reverence/ veneration/ homage 高尚的：noble = rarefied/ sublime/ lofty

不尊重 名次：disrespect = scorn蔑视 招人轻视的：contemptible = despicable

尊重：动词idolize/ worship/ lionize 对待名人一样的崇拜/ revere敬爱，敬畏 不尊重：动词 disrespect/ deride/ scoff嘲笑/ despise/ disdain/ slight/ snub 赞扬：名次praise= accolade赞美，奖项/ approbation/ encomium/ eulogy/ panegyric/ plaudit/ tribute/ tribute用来表示赞美的行为或者发言

赞美：动词praise = acclaim/ applaud/ hail欢呼/ commend/ extol/ laud高度的，常常带有美化成分的赞美

应该受到谴责的：形容词reprehensible

谴责：condemn= censure/ denounce/ reprimand/ decry/ deprecate/ deplore叹惋/ lament 叹惋 / remonstrate争辩，申辩

责备：admonish/ reproach/ reprove温和的责备 严厉责备：动词 berate/ castigate/ chastise/ chide/ excoriate/ inveigh/ rail/ revile/ upbraid 令人讨厌的事物：名次 anathema 谩骂的：abusive/ vituperative

六

有害的事物：harmful things=

contagion传染病瘟疫 epidemic/ pandemic也有流行的意思/pestilence/ plague 疾病：malady 瘴气：miasma比喻意为有害的气氛或者影响 灾患：scourge 不再害怕看到世界中心深处的毒气：unafraid to look deep into the miasma at the heart of the world.有害的：harmful = deleterious/ detrimental/ noxious/ toxic/ virulent/ monstrous/ murderous

邪恶的：evil/ devil= cruel/ crude/ brutal/ wicked/ vicious/ malicious/ atrocious/ virulent/ venomous / sinister/ hafarious/ vicious/ pernicious/ destructive/ detrimental

致命的：fatal/ lethal前两个并非贬义/ pernicious极其有害的

有益的：形容词：hygienic/ sanitary 广义的卫生的/ salutary/wholesome有益身心的 有害的事物: bane致命的毒药 / blight植物的枯萎病/

损害：harm = blemish/ deface/ disfigure/ eviscerate/ impair减损/main mutilate毁伤肢体/ mar/spoil破坏 demolish拆毁，推翻（观点）

有益的事物：antidote 解毒药/ remedy药物：纠错/ panacea 万能良药 elixir 炼金药，万能药(有贬义含义)/ boon赐福blessing / tonic 补药

改善：improve = ameliorate/ amend/ 对法律的修改/ rectify/ redress/

毁坏，毁灭：destroy/ annihilate彻底消灭/ exterminate终结/ eliminate/ eradicate根除/ decimate/ demolish/ dismantle/ raze 彻底摧毁夷为平地/ devastate/ ravage/ wreck遭受重创，严重破坏/ obliterate擦去/ pulverize 磨成粉末状/ subvert 颠覆

可怕的：awful = horrible/ terrible/ tragic/ wretched / dire 复苏，复兴 动词：revive= rejuvenate/ resurrect/ resuscitate/ revive 动荡的，混乱的 形容词：tumultuous/ turbulent/

混乱：名词：chaos/ confusion/ disorder / mayhem/ disarray/ havoc大面积的破坏-混乱 pandemonium 撒旦居住的地方，比喻嘈杂，混乱的地方/ shambles废墟/ turmoil 混乱，动荡/ upheaval突发的巨变

灾难：calamity/ cataclysm/ catastrophe

危险 名词：danger/ hazard/ peril

危险的：hazardous/ perilous/ precarious/ treacherous

危及：动词 endanger/ compromise/ imperil/ jeopardize 保护：protect = safeguard 表示进步,提高的动词:

improve ameliorate better develop remedy revise enhance enrich upgrade refine

重要,关键:

important significant consequential momentous considerable essential valuable distinctive great weighty major serious grave vital capital

substantial material;稍微扯得远一点的还有conspicuous striking prominent 杰出的 eminent卓越的显著的； noticeable

正确的,无误的:

correct rectify-纠正改正 accurate precise proper undistorted-未被曲解的 right impeccable-无可挑剔的，无瑕疵的增长和减少(这个超级常用!)

增长：extend magnify amplify aggrandize intensify enhance prolong-时间范围方面的延长 减少：reduce curtail lessen-大小数量范围程度 dwindle-逐步减小

increase rise extend magnify decrease reduce fall amplify aggrandize

elongate intensify enhance prolong strengthen curtail shrink terminate

lessen abate raise boost intense(intensify)expand augment enlarge diminish dwindle（swindle是诈骗的意思）slump 和证明相关的:

justify warrant assert claim contend-声称主张 argue validate-验证 substantiate verify

accuse assign indict allege-断言 affirm

论题:

statement claim declaration assertion opinion belief view conviction

persuasion 要求

request demand needs requisition

撤销

to cancel;to revoke;to countermand;[Law] to rescind;to quash 建立

to build up;to establish;to set up;to found;to take root;to strike root 消除

to eliminate;to clear;to remove;to clear up;to take away;to smooth away 推理

1.[Logic] inference;reasoning;deduction;ratiocination 2.to reason

3.to put two and two together 相应

1.corresponding;relevant;relative;fitting;appropriate

2.accordingly;correspondingly;by the same token;in a corresponding way

3.to correspond to;to act in responses;to work in concert with;to support each other 导致

1.to lead to;bring about(or on);to result in;to cause;spark off;conduce to;to procure;to induce;to generate 后果

a consequence;an aftermath;an outcome

检查

to inspect;to check;to examine;to look over;to put to the test;to keep a check on

发（奖品）

prize reward award grant assign confer(on)honor fame credit contribution acknowledgement recognition 表示程度的副词

very strikingly-引人注目地，突出地，惊人地 greatly highly insatiably=贪得无厌地，不知足地 exceedingly-非常极其 dreadfully-可怕地，糟糕地，非常 remarkably-非凡地显著地

drastically-激烈地彻底地 dramatically

足够

sufficient adequate enough 剩下几个也是常用的

present justify practicable hence consequently examination accountable responsible

twist and turn 迂回曲折

might and main 尽全力 do sth.with ~ part and parcel 重要部分 safe and sound 安然无恙 spick and span 崭新的，极干净的 time and tide 岁月，时光 go to rack and ruin 陷于毁灭 slow and sure 慢而稳，稳妥 hale and hearty 老当益壮

chop and change 变幻莫测（尤指观点,计划等）fair and foul 在任何情况下 through ~ weal and woe 福祸

sum and subs tance 主要情况，要点（尤指讲话的主要部分）

forgive and forget 不念旧恶

wax and wane（月的）盈亏圆缺；盛衰 1 2 3 4 inferno 地狱，可与幸福生活形成强烈对比

the inferno of war inky

用于个人在生活上或科研道路上的迷茫

the inky darkness of one’s pursuit of own destiny

promulgate

公布，颁布法令，新法律

promulgate a belief, and idea, a theory, etc

the promulgation of a treaty

latency

如作者主张尚未表现出的危险或其主张的长远作用

latent---latent ability , a latent infection

after a careful examination, it is no need to go 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 26 27 29 30 31 32 33 34 too far to sense that the author’s claim underlies a latency of peril to both personal and even societal degree./ lurks a latency of profound implication.Connotation

内涵，言外之意―――

Hollywood always holds connotation of romance and glittering success.贬义词

derogatory connotation Motivate / ignite

用于深究心理方面深层的原因，或者内因

be motivated by greed, fear, love

a teacher who can motive her pupils Nectar

在描写艺术方面的享受时有用，甘露，Emulate

仿效，主要用于名人的作用

emulative 好胜的 责任

obligation , responsibility, liability

重要

paramount

the reduction of unemployment should be paramount in the government’s economic policy Ponder 1 深思

pondering on the meaning of life Delve in/ into 探索，钻研，起源

a writer delving in medieval French literature

delve into the origins of the custom Blood 根源

of the same blood 演绎推理

deduce

追溯源头

Augment 增加提高

continuing rains augment the flood waters.混乱

turmoil uproar pandemonium chaos

the country was in a turmoil during the strike.There was uproar over the tax increases.Left in a state of chaos Rote learning 死记硬背的方法

Reminisce

缅怀美好的往事

reminiscence 怀旧

reminiscence of my youth Halcyon 太平盛世

halcyon times

the halcyon days of youth Quietude平静寂静

equability平和宁静

Equanimity 镇静

she maintained her equanimity throughout her long ordeal.Impassivity 泰然自若

Equilibrium平衡均势

disturb the equilibrium of the chains of natural environment.Balance-----try to achieve a better balance between work and play.This newspaper maintains a good balance in its presentation of different opinions.Placidity平静

the placidity of his temperament Deformity 畸形，用于形容教育中重视一方面忽视另一方面

Lapse

小错失足

a lapse from grace

失宠

lapse into 陷入

lapse back into bad habits

lapse into a coma

时间流逝

after a lapse of several decades

Peccadillo 小过失

guilty of some mild peccadillo Falsity

谬误错误

Menace 威胁，危害

nuclear weapons are a menace to world peace Jeopardize 破坏危害

jeopardous

Imperil

危害

the security of the country had been imperiled

Transient

转瞬即失的transient success

transience

transient years is not enough to make the conclusion Ephemeral

短暂的 ephemeral pleasure 35 36 37 38 39 40

50

Permanent

permanence

permanency

Angle

角度

try looking at the affair from a different angle Facet

方面角度

there are many facets to this question Dissimilitude

不同不同之处

表示实用的功利的utilitarian-功利的 function

pragmatic-实用的 utilitarianism

pragmatism

神话（用于艺术类的issue 中）

mythology

神化

apotheosis

apotheosize

寓言

allegory fable

圣歌

psalm

anthem

hymn

亵渎的profane

圣乐和俗乐

scared and profane music

神灵saint Didactic 教诲的，说教的教诲

edification inculcate Elicit 诱出

表示竞争极其后果的词

良性竞争

good-natures rivalry ；恶性竞争、循环

vicious circle

； 憎恨

antipathy

Salvation 拯救（描写精神，崇高事业时）redemption Mundane 世俗的

Ethnocentrism 民主优越感

racialism

racism 种族主义

nationalism 民族主义

chauvinism

沙文主义

patriotism patriotic 爱国主义 Ingrained 根深蒂固的

注定

predestine

destine

foreordain Populace

平民

描写文化差异/ 相同的词语

cultural shock

设身处地的vicarious

vicariously

vicarious pleasure, satisfaction

be acclimatized to

assimilation cultural homogenization

文化适应

acculturation Emblem 象征

the dove is an emblem of peace

修辞手法

metaphor-隐喻

onomatopoeia

rhetoric

Crusade（为争取好的或反对坏的事物的）斗争或运动

a crusade against corruption Transatlantic 大西洋彼岸的，横越大西洋的transatlantic flight, voyage, telephone call

a transatlantic trade agreement Tottering 蹒跚的Recidivism

累犯

Space crunch

空间紧缩

crunch 表示渠道的词

channel vehicle

Melancholy 忧郁 Epithet

绰号

Pernicious

有害的 Proclivity 倾向

家谱

genealogy

pedigree

政府行为

stipulation of a poverty line

第二篇：高考英语写作常见的高级词汇

啊高考英语写作常见的高级词汇

老师在讲评书面表达时，经常告诉学生说，书面表达要得高分，就得有高级句型和高级词汇；但很多同学在写书面表达时，总认为高级句型和高级词汇很神秘，高不可及。其实，未必如此！通过研读一些优秀的学生习作和历年高考书面表达的范文，我们发现，很多所谓的高级句型和高级词汇正是我们老师反复讲解和训练的。下面列举一些常见且高级的词汇，供同学们参考。

1．occur 替换 think of Suddenly I had an idea that someone had broken into my house.→

An idea occurred to me that someone had broken into my house.It occurred to me that someone had broken into my house.2．devote替换spend He spends all his spare time in reading.→

He devotes all his spare time to reading.3．seek替换want / look for They sought(wanted)to hide themselves behind the trees.4．average 替换ordinary I’m an average(ordinary)student.5．but替换very The film we saw last night was very interesting.→

The film we saw last night was nothing but interesting.The film we saw last night was anything but boring.6．seat 替换sit On his way to school, he found an old lady seated(sitting)by the road, looking worried.7．suppose 替换should He is supposed to(should)have driven more slowly.8．appreciate 替换thank Thank you very much for you help.→

We appreciate your help very much./ Your help is much appreciated.9．the case替换 true I don’t think it is the case(true).10．on替换as soon as As soon as he arrived, he began his research.→

On his arrival, he began his research..11．due to替换because of He arrived late due to(because of)the storm.12．cover替换walk/read After covering(walking)10 miles, we all felt tired.13．contribute to替换 be helpful/useful Plenty of memory work is undoubtedly helpful to English study.→

Plenty of memory work will undoubtedly contribute to English study.14．round the corner 替换 coming soon/ nearby ① The summer vacation is round the corner(coming).Do you have any plans? ② Li Ming studies in a school round the corner(nearby).15．come to light替换discover The family were so pleased when they discovered the lost jewels.→

The family were so pleased when the lost jewels came to light.16．have a ball替换have a good time/ enjoy oneself After visiting the workshop, we went back to school.Every one of us had a ball(had a good time).17．come up with替换think of Jack is very clever.He often comes up with(thinks of)new ideas.18．set aside替换save Some students think that they should set aside some of their pocket money for books.19．be of + n.替换adj.The products are of high quality(very good)and are sold everywhere in China.20．refer to 替换talk about/of, mention The professor you referred to(talked about)is very famous.21．can not but / can not help but替换have to do I could not but(had to)go home.22．more often than not替换usually More often than not(Usually), the meaning of many words can be easily guessed.23．lest替换so that /in order that I wrote down his telephone number so that I would not forget it.→

I wrote down his telephone number lest I(should)forget it.24．be long for sth./ be long to do sth.替换want to do sth./wish for I want to see you very much.→

I am long to see you.25．be caught up in/be crazy about/be absorbed in/be addicted to替换be interested in He is caught up in(very interested in)collecting stamps.26．more than替换very ① I’m very glad to learn that you are coming in September.→

I’m more than glad to learn that you are coming in September.② If there is anything I can do for you, I would be more than glad to help.27．perfect(ly)替换good/ very well He speaks perfect(good)English./ He speaks English perfectly(very well).28．do sb a/the favor 替换help Would you please do me the favor(help me)to turn down the radio? 29．the other day替换a few days ago The other day my brother and I went to the cinema by bicycle.30．in the course of替换during In the course of(During)the mountain-climbing, please help each other and pay special attention to your safety.31．the majority of替换most The majority of(Most of)the interviewees prefer watching TV at home to going to the cinema.32．consist of替换be made up of Our class consists of(is made up of)50 students.33．be worn out替换 be tired / broken ① After five hours’ non-stop work, we were all worn out(tired).② My shoes are worn out(broken).Please buy me a new pair.34．become of替换 happen What do think has become of(happened to)him ? 35．attend to替换look after 36．on condition that替换as long as 37．nevertheless替换however 38．express one’s satisfaction with替换be satisfied with 39．spare no efforts to do替换try one’s best to do 40．many a 替换many 41．be rushed off one’s feet 替换be busy in doing 42．a handful of替换a little / some 43．meanwhile替换at the same time 44．get to one’s feet替换stand up 45．beneath替换under 46．occasionally替换sometimes /once in while 47．for instance替换for example 48．seldom替换not often 49．wealthy替换 rich 50．amazing替换surprising 51．as a matter of fact 替换in fact

第三篇：100个同义词替换精髓词汇

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100个同义词替换精髓词汇

1.important =crucial(extremely important),significant(amount or effect large enough to be important)

2.common=universal, ubiquitous(if something is ubiquitous, it seems to be everywhere)

3.abundant=ample(enough and usually extra), plentiful(enough for people's needs and wants)

4.stick=adhere, cling(hold on something tightly)

5.neglect=ignore.(difference: neglect means someone has not paid enough attention to something;ignore means no attention.)

6.near=adjacent(twothings next to each other), adjoin(the same as adjacent)

7.pursue=woo(man woos woman, old-fashioned), seek(if you seek sth, you try to obtain it.FORMAL)

8.accurate=precise(precise is exact and accurate in all details), exact(correct in every detail)

9.vague=obscure(unknown or known by only a few people)

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10.top=peak, summit

11.competitor=rival, opponent(especially in sports and politics)

12.blame=condemn(if you condemn something, you say it is very bad and unacceptable)

13.opinon=perspective, standpoint(means looking at an event or situation in a particular way)

14.fame=prestige(describe those who are admired), reputation

15.build=erect(you can erect something as buildings, FORMAL), establish

16.insult=humiliate(do something or say something which makes people feel ashamed or stupid)

17.complain=grumble(complain something in a bad-tempered way)

18.primary=radical(very important and great in degree), fundamental

19.relieve=alleviate(alleviate means you make pain or sufferings less intense or severe)

20.force=coerces into(coerce means you make someone do something 想让您的人品爆发吗？欢迎访问雅思人品网，许下你的雅思愿望，积攒更多的人品，助你顺利屠鸭！

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s/he does not want to),compel

21.enlarge=magnify(magnify means make something larger than it really is)

22.complex=intricate(if something is intricate, it often has many small parts and details)

23.Lonely=solitary(if someone is solitary, there is no one near him/her

24.small=minuscule(very small), minute，25.praise=extol(stronger than praise), compliment(polite and political)

26.hard-working=assiduous(someone who is assiduous works hard or does things very thoroughly

27.difficult=arduous(if something is arduous, it is difficult and tiring, and involves a lot of efforts)

28.poor(soil)=barren, infertile(used to describe the soil is so poor that plants cannot be planted on it)

29.fragile=brittle, vulnerable(someone who is vulnerable is easily hurt emotionally or physically)

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30.show=demonstrate(to demonstrate a fact means tp make it clear to people.)

31.big=massive(large in size, quantity, or extent), colossal(use this word, you emphasize something’s large), tremendous(INFORMAL)

32.avoid=shun(if someone shuns something, s/he deliberately avoid that something or keep away from it.)

33.fair=impartial(someone who is impartial is able to give a fair opinion or decision on something.)

34.attack=assault(physically attack someone), assail(attack violently

35.dislike=abhor(abhor means you hate something to a extreme extent for moral reasons), loathe(dislike very much)!

36.ruin=devastate(it means damage something very badly, or utterly destroy it.)

39.always=invariably(the same as always, but better than always)

40.forever=perpetual(a perpetual state never changes), immutable(something immutable will never change or be changed)

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41.surprise=startle(it means surprise you slightly), astound(surprise you to a large degree),astonish(the same as astound)

42.enthusiasm=zeal(a great enthusiasm), fervency(sincere and enthusiasm)#

43.quiet=tranquil(calm and peaceful), serene(calm and quiet)!

44.expensive=exorbitant(it means too expensive that it should be)

45.luxurious=lavish(impressive and very expensive), sumptuous(grand and very expensive

46.boring=tedious(if you describe something tedious, you mean it is boring and frustrating)

47.respect=esteem(if you esteem someone, you respect and admire him/her.FORMAL)

48.worry=fret(if you fret about something, you worry about it)

49.cold=chilly(unpleasantly cold), icy(extremely cold)

50.hot=boiling(very hot)

51.dangerous=perilous(very dangerous, hazardous(dangerous, 想让您的人品爆发吗？欢迎访问雅思人品网，许下你的雅思愿望，积攒更多的人品，助你顺利屠鸭！

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especially to people's safety and health)

52.nowadays=currently

53.only=unique(the only one of its kind), distinctive;

54.stop=cease(if something ceases, it stops happening or existing)

55.part=component(the components of something are the parts that it is made of)(h

56.result=consequence(the results or effects of something)

57.obvious=apparent, manifest

58.basedon=derived fromcan see or notice them very easily)

60.quite=fairly

61.pathetic=lamentable(very uncomfortable and disappointing)

62.field=domain(a particular field of thought, activities or interest)

63.appear=emerge(come into existence)

64.whole=entire(the whole of something)8

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65.wet=moist(slightly wet), damp(slightly wet), humid(very damp and hot)!

66.wrong=erroneous(incorrect or partly correct)

67.difficult=formidable

68.change=convert(change into another form)

69.typical=quintessential(this word means represent a typical example of something)

70.careful=cautious(very careful in order to avoid danger), prudent(careful and sensible)

71.ability=capacity, capability(the same as ability)

72.strange=eccentric(if some one is eccentric, s/he behaves in a strange way, or

his/her opinion is different from most people)

73.rich=affluent(if you are affluent, you have a lot of money)

74.use= utilize(the same as use)

75.dubious=skeptical(if you are skeptical about something, you 想让您的人品爆发吗？欢迎访问雅思人品网，许下你的雅思愿望，积攒更多的人品，助你顺利屠鸭！

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have doubts on it.)

76.satisfy=gratify(if you are gratified by something, it gives you pleasure and satisfaction)

77.short=fleeting, ephemeral(if something is ephemeral, it lasts a short time)

78.scholarship=fellowship

79.angry=enraged(extremely angry)

80.smelly=malodorous(used to describe an unpleasant smell)

81.ugly=hideous(if something is hideous, it is very ugly or unattractive)#

82.attractive=appealing(pleasing and attractive), absorbing(something absorbing can attract you a great deal)

83.diverse=miscellaneous(a miscellaneous groups consists of many different kinds of things)

84.disorder=disarray, chaos 想让您的人品爆发吗？欢迎访问雅思人品网，许下你的雅思愿望，积攒更多的人品，助你顺利屠鸭！

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85.crazily=frantically(used to describe someone who behaves in a wild and uncontrolled way)

86.rapid=meteoric(ATTENTION: meteoric is only used to describe someone achieves success quickly)

87.ordinary=mundane(very ordinary and not at interesting or unusual)

88.despite=notwithstanding(FORMAL)

89.best=optimal(used to describe the best level something can achieve)/

90.sharp=acute(severe and intense)

91.unbelievable=inconceivable(ifyou deem something inconceivable, you think it very unlike to happen ^

92.puzzle=perplex(something perplex someone means it confuses and worries him/her because he/she does not understand it)想让您的人品爆发吗？欢迎访问雅思人品网，许下你的雅思愿望，积攒更多的人品，助你顺利屠鸭！

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93.method=avenue(away of getting something done)

94.famous=distinguished(used to describe people who are successful in their career)

95.ancient=archaic(extremely old and extremely old-fashioned)

96.decorate=embellish(embellish means make something look more attractive via decorating it with something else)/

97.possible=feasible(if something is feasible, it can be done, made or achieved)

98.so=consequently, accordingly

99.rare=infrequent(doesn’t happen often

100.greedy=rapacious(greedy and selfish)

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第四篇：常见违规词汇

常见违规词汇

最

最、最佳、最具、最爱、最赚、最优、最优秀、最好、最大、最大程度、最高、最高级、最高端、最奢侈、最低、最低级、最低价、最底、最便宜、史上最低价、最流行、最受欢迎、最时尚、最聚拢、最符合、最舒适、最先、最先进、最先进科学、最后、最新、最新技术、最新科学

一

第一、中国第一、全网第一、销量第一、排名第一、唯

一、第一品牌、NO.1、TOP1、独一无

二、全国第一、遗留、一天、仅此一次（一款）、最后一波、全国X大品牌之

一、销冠（需住建委证明，方可使用）

级别

国家级、国际级、世界级、千万级、百万级、星级、5A、甲级、超甲级、极限词语

顶级（顶尖/尖端）、顶级享受、高级、极品、极佳（绝佳/绝对）、终极、极致、致极、极具、完美、绝佳（极佳）、至、至尊、至臻、臻品、臻致、臻席、压轴、问鼎、空前、绝后、绝版、无双、非此莫属、巅峰、前所未有、无人能及、顶级、鼎级、鼎冠、定鼎、完美、翘楚之作、不可再生、不可复制、绝无仅有、寸土寸金、淋漓尽致、无与伦比、唯

一、卓越、卓著

稀缺

前无古人后无来者、绝版、珍稀、臻稀、稀少、绝无仅有、绝不在有、稀世珍宝、千金难求、世所罕见、不可多得、空前绝后、寥寥无几、屈指可数

独家

独家、独创、独据、开发者、缔造者、创始者、发明者

首/家/国

首个、首选、独家、首发、首席、首府、首选、首屈一指、全国首家、国家领导人、国门、国宅、首次、填补国内空白、国际品质、黄金

黄金旺铺、黄金价值、黄金地段、金钱、金融汇币图片、外国货币

品牌

大牌、金牌、名牌、王牌、领先上市、巨星、著名、掌门人、至尊、冠军、王、之王、王者、楼王、墅王、皇家、领

世界领先、（遥遥）领先、领导者、领袖、引领、创领、领航、耀领、虚假

史无前例、前无古人、永久、万能、百分之百

权威

特供、专供、专家推荐、国家xx领导人推荐、使用人民币图样（央行批准除外）

涉嫌欺诈消费者

点击领奖、恭喜获奖、全民免单、点击有惊喜、点击获取、点击转身、领取奖品、抽奖、注：礼品（需标明名称、价格、数量截止日期）

涉嫌诱导消费者

售罄、售空、再不抢就没了、史上最低价、不会再便宜、没有他就xx、错过不再/错过即无（错过就没机会了）、未曾有过的、万人疯抢、全民疯抢/抢购、免费领、免费住、0首付、（免首付）、零距离、“价格你来定”、文字

不得单独出现外国文字（出现外国文字 需要注明汉语）、认不出毛笔字、繁体字、没有版权字体（汉仪）

人物肖像权

公民肖像权、儿童肖像权、明星肖像权、名人肖像权、名人卡通形象、动画片卡通形象

教育/户口/承诺

学校名称、升学、教育护航、九年制教育、一站式教育、入住学区房、优先入学、12年教育无忧、全程无忧、让孩子赢在起跑线上 承诺户口、蓝印户口、承诺移民 买个房、啥都解决了

风水迷信

上风上水、聚财纳气、宝地、圣地、府邸、龙脉（贵脉）、东西方神话人物、龙脉之地、风水宝地、天人合一、天干地支品上山上水——享上等上城、堪舆

皇家/行政

帝都、皇城、皇室领地、皇家、皇室、皇族、殿堂、白宫、王府（府邸）、皇室住所、政府机关、行政大楼、XX使馆、XX境线（广告语禁用词汇）

歧视性词语（包含阶级层次）

贵族、高贵、隐贵、上流、层峰、富人区、名门、XX阶层、XX阶级

活动

国家大型赛事（冬奥会、奥林匹克运动会、世界杯）、双十一（已被阿里巴巴注册不可使用，如使用 涉及侵权）

价值/投资

升值价值、价值洼地、价值天成、千亿价值、投资回报、众筹、抄涨、炒股不如买房、升值潜力无线、买到即赚到

数据无证据证明

得房率%、XX亩、XX公里、XX平方米、热销X亿、%绿化率、%容积率 热销5亿、热销/成交XXX套、XXX位业主

交通/设施

直达家门口、地铁上盖、咫尺地铁站

万亩公园、几大商场环绕、万达在旁、机场辐射区、超市 商场

学校 医院等名称、X条地铁 X条公交（经查证属实）地铁旁（需1公里范围内）

无法证明具体地理位置

CBD坐标、CBD核心、城市核心地段、你在城心、我在你心

中央、中心、重心、中枢、重点、腹地、地标、城市中央、凌驾于世界之上

限时活动 限时必须具体时间（今日、今天）几天几夜、倒计时、趁现在、就、仅限、周末、周年庆、特惠趴、购物大趴、闪购、品牌团、（必须有活动日期）随时结束、随时涨价、马上降价

无预售许可证

无预售许可证：禁止提及开盘 仅是预售：禁止提及精装

如果没有建成：禁止体现装修风格（精工德式装修、源于百年传承、室内采用XX石材）（对购买行为有实质性影响）

其他

国旗、国徽、国歌 时间表示距离 所有的无来源数据

规划中及建设中的交通 商业 文化教育设施（涉嫌做误导宣传）文中所包含的所有图片均注明属性（样板间实景图/实景图/效果图）

贷款服务：应该提供贷款银行，名称，贷款额度 年期（包括分期 日供）

月供按揭 需要注明银行名称和贷款额度 年限" 只允许用人民币结算 不可使用国外货币

关于排序名次：第一 第二 首家 三甲 十强等 广告语内容夸张 不属实

排卡（总部规定不可使用，如使用需改成排号）过渡页里 出现某某报纸、杂志、网站等内容 关于赌博内容的 麻将纸牌等

第五篇：文言常见词汇

传记文段高频词分类积累

高考文言文选用的材料基本是人物传记。主人公多是正面的文臣武将，文章主要围绕该人物展开记叙，叙述其生平或几件突出的事迹，凸现该人物正直敬业、奉公孝顺的品行或卓越的才能；选材多来自全是纪传体的“二十四史”。选材的相对稳定，必然带来遣词用字的相对稳定。我们如果理解并牢记这些比较稳定的常用词，既提高了阅读速度，又会提高准确率。

(一)与政事相关的常用词

官员到某地任职，做一些相关的政事，实行一定的政策，会引起各方不同的褒贬评论。于是官员与百姓、官员与官员、官员与国君(帝王)之间就会有许多“动作”发生。

1．诣：到，去。

2．劝：①鼓励，奖励；②受到鼓励、奖励。3．课：考核、督促、征收。4．风、化：教育感化。

5．按、案：巡视，巡行；考察，核实，查明。

6．游：①游玩，游览；②旅行，外出求学或求官；③交际，交往。7．趣、趋：①小步走，跑；又引申为赶快，迅速；②通“促”，催促。8．劾：举报，检举，揭发。

9．白：告诉，报告。常用于官吏之间。10．短：进谗言，说坏话。11．害：嫉妒。

12．闻：①听说，听见；②使知道，报告给„„知道。如“没死以闻”“齐桓、晋文之事，可得闻乎”。

13．斥：指斥，指责，驳斥。

14．让：①责备，责怪；②谦让，辞让。15．党：偏袒，伙同，包庇。16．矫：假托，假传。17．质：作人质；抵押。

18．次：①临时驻扎(用于军队)；②住宿，停留(用于个人)。19．输：缴纳(贡品或赋税)——由“输送、运输”引申。20．当：判刑，判罪。后多带表示惩罚意义的词语。21．坐：①因„„犯罪，触犯；②牵连，定罪。22．多：赞扬，欣赏。23．少：批评，轻视，看不起。

(二)官职人物常用词语

1．表官职的词语

(1)宰相：总揽政务的大官。宰，主持，相，辅佐。(2)御史大夫：其权力仅次丞相。(3)六部：吏、户、礼、兵、刑、工。(4)三司：太尉(大司马)、司徒、司空。(5)中书省：中央行政机关。(6)尚书：六部最高行政长官。(7)太尉：秦汉时掌管中央军事的最高官员。(8)宦官：宫廷内侍，又称太监。(9)校尉：汉代军事长官。

(10)翰林学士：管文件、图书、侍读等。(11)太史：记史，管文件。(12)左右拾遗：唐代谏官。(13)总督：清代地方最高行政长官。(14)巡抚：总揽一省行政军事长官。(15)知州：州一级行政长官。知，管理。(16)太守：郡一级行政长官。

(17)主簿：各级主官属下掌管支书的佐吏。2．表官职变化的词语(1)表授予官职的词语

征：由皇帝征聘社会知名人士充任官职。如：公车特征拜郎中。．

《张衡传》

辟：由中央官署征聘，然后向上荐举，任以官职。如：连辟公府不就。．

《张衡传》

荐、举：由地方官向中央举荐品行端正的人，任以官职。如：韩琦镇长安，荐知泾阳县。．

《宋史·侯可传》 举其偏，不为党。．

《左传·襄公三年》

拜：授予官职。如：安帝雅闻衡善术学，公车特征拜郎中。．

《张衡传》

选：通过推荐或科举选拔任以官职。如：选丞相东曹掾。．

《元史·贾鲁传》

除：任命，授职。如：寻蒙国恩，除臣洗马。．

《陈情表》

授：授给、给予官职。如：恩授东平路儒学教授。．

《元史·贾鲁传》

赏：指皇帝特意赐给官衔或爵位。如：八月初一日，上召见袁世凯，特赏侍郎。．

《谭嗣同》 封：指帝王将爵位或土地赐给臣子。如：劳苦而功高如此，未有封侯之赏。．

《鸿门宴》 起：起用人任以官职。如：鲁居丧服阕，起为太医院都事。．

《元史·贾鲁传》

察：考察后予以推荐，选举。如：郡察孝廉，州举茂才。．

《三国志·吴主传》

仕：做官。如：学而优则仕。．

《论语·子张》

仕宦：做官，任官职。如：汝是大家子，仕宦于台阁。．．

《孔雀东南飞》

仕进：进身为官。如：迈少恬静，不慕仕进。．．

《晋书·许迈传》(2)表罢免官职的词语

罢：免去，解除官职。如：窦太后大怒，乃罢逐赵绾、王臧等。．

《魏其武安侯列传》

绌、黜：废掉官职。如：有罪得以黜，有能得以赏。．

《封建论》

免：罢免。如：免官削爵。．

《汉书·贡禹传》

夺：削除。如：使者遂逮守，胁服，夺其官。．

《书博鸡者事》

(3)表提升官职的词语

升：升官。如：升(鲁)台都事。．

《元史·贾鲁传》

擢：在原官上提拔。如：擢为后将军。．

《汉书·赵充国传》

拔：提升本来没有官职的人。如：山涛(人名)作冀州(长官)，甄拔三十余人。．

《与韩荆州书》

迁：一般指提升。如：孝文帝说之，超迁，一岁中至太中大夫。．

《贾谊传》

陟： 晋升，进用。如：陟罚臧否，不宜异同。．

《出师表》

晋、进：晋升官职，提高职位或级别。如：成语“加官晋爵”。．加：加封，即在原来的官衔上增加荣衔。如：平剧盗赖文政有功，加秘阁修撰。．(4)表降低官职的词语

谪：因罪被降职或流放。如：滕子京谪守巴陵郡。．

《岳阳楼记》

贬：①降职。如：坐贬连州刺史。．

《刘禹锡列传》

②降职并外放。如：贬邵州刺史，不半道，贬永州司马。．．

《新唐书·柳宗元传》

放：一般指由京官改任地方官。如：屈原既放，三年不得复见。．

《卜居》

左迁：降职贬官，特指贬官在外。如：予左迁九江郡司马。．．

《琵琶行》

窜：放逐，贬官。如：暂为御使，遂窜南夷。(韩愈 ．

《进学解》)左除、左降、左转：降职。如：帝怒，乃罢(陆)贽宰相，左除(张)滂等官。．．

《新唐书·裴延龄传》

出宰：京官外放出任地方官。如：郎官上应列宿，出宰百里，苟非其人，则民受其殃。．．

《后汉书·明帝纪》(5)表调动官职的词语

迁：调动官职，一般指提升。如：迁东郡太守。．

《汉书·王尊传》

徙：一般的调动官职。如：徙齐王信为楚王。．

《史记·淮阴侯列传》

调：变换官职。如：调为陇西都尉。．

《汉书·袁盎传》

转：调动官职。如：再转复为太史令。衡不慕当世，所居之官辄积年不徙。．

《张衡传》 补：补充空缺官职。如：太守察尊廉，补辽西盐官长。．

《汉书·王尊传》

改：改任官职。如：改刑部详覆官。．

《宋史·王济传》

出：京官外调。如：永和初，出为河间相。．

《张衡传》

(6)表兼代官职的词语

兼：兼任。如：予除右丞相兼枢密使。．

《〈指南录〉后序》

领：兼任(较为低级的官职)。如：桓温镇京口，复引(乔)为司马，领广陵相。．

《晋书·袁乔传》

行：代理官职。如：太祖行奋武将军。．

《三国志·魏书·武帝纪》

署：代理、暂任。如：太守奇之，除补书佐，署守属监狱。．

《汉书·王尊传》

权：暂代官职。如：时韩愈吏部权京兆。．

《刘公嘉话》

判：高位兼低职。如：除镇安武胜军节度使，司徒兼侍中，判相州。．

《宋史·韩琦传》 假：临时的，代理的。如：乃相与共立羽为假上将军。．

《史记·项羽本纪》

摄：暂代官职。如：俄检校侍中，摄吏部尚书。．

《新唐书·杜如晦传》

守：代理官职。如：初平中，北海孔融召以为主簿，守高密令。．

《三国志·王修传》

(7)表辞官

告老：官员年老辞职。如：冬十月，晋韩献子告老。．．

《左传·襄公七年》。

解官：辞去官职。如：得监和州税，父母又不欲行，拯即解官归养。．．

《包拯传》

请老：古代官吏请求退休养老。如：祁奚请老，晋侯问嗣焉。．．

《左传》

乞身：古代认为官吏做官是委身事君，因此称请求退职为“乞身”。如：时天下略定，通思欲避荣宠，以病上书乞身。．．

《后汉书·李通传》

移病：上书称病，为居官者请求退职的委婉语。如：上怒，以为不能，弘乃移病免归。．．

《汉书·公孙弘传》 致仕：交还官职，即退休。如：以刑部尚书致仕。．．

《新唐书·白居易传》

这些词，都有个明显的特征，即后面常带表示官职或地点的专有名词，这给我们的翻译带来了方便——可以不译。更重要的是，官职的变动特别是主观情绪明显的降职和升职，往往是我们推断翻译主人公行为、事件中生难字词的重要依据。

3．表人物个性的：耿、(仁)厚、矜、耿介、刚毅、周密、宽厚、正直、埂、鲠、骨鲠、鲠切、聪慧、敏、木讷、佞、诈、阿谀、谄谗、谲

耿：光明。埂：正直。鲠：直爽，正直。

佞：能说会道，引为巧言谄媚。谲：欺诈，玩弄手段。

4．表人物品行的：行、德、操、节、清(廉)、淫(靡)、贪(浊)5．与科考有关的：贡举、第、登第、中第、状元、解元、乡试 6．与学校有关的：庠、序、太学、博士 7．表敬重的：敬、重、尊、恭

8．表赞扬的：多、嘉、称、誉、与、许、叹 多：称赞。嘉：赞美。与：赞许。

9．表社会状态的：治、乱、兴、盛、衰 10．表少数民族的：蛮、夷、戎、狄

蛮：南蛮，古代统治阶级对南部民族带污蔑性的称呼。夷：东部少数民族。戎：西部少数民族。狄：北部少数民族。

11．表人物地位的：贵、显、卑、官绅、豪 12．表主管的：知、典、主

13．与水利有关的：堤、决、溃、溢、涨、涝、旱、堰

14．与粮食有关的：粟、黍、禾、谷、稻、菽、稼穑、耕耘、稔、熟、刈、籴、粜、廪、禀、荒

稔：庄稼成熟。

刈：割；镰刀一类的农具。廪：粮仓；官府发给的口食。禀：给予谷物。荒：荒年，收成不好。

15．表粮食丰收的：丰、饶、赡、足、给 赡：富足，充足；供给。给：足，丰足。

16．表食物的：糗、馔、肴、膳、羞(馐)、蔬、果、脂膏 17．表饱饥的：饱、饥、饿、馁、馑 馁：饥饿，五谷没有收成。

馑：蔬菜和野菜吃不上。饥和馑连用时无区别。18．表俸禄的：俸、禄、秩、饷 秩：官吏的俸禄。

19．表布匹的：布、麻、匹、丝、绢、锦、练、绫、绡、缣、绸、罗、缎、绮、纱、绦、缟、缯、蚕、桑

20．表穿戴的：纨绔、布衣、履、绶、冠、冕、巾、带 21．表房舍的：宇、舍、馆、宅、第、邸、庑、屋 宇：屋檐。

庑：堂下周围的廊屋。

22．表桌床的：案、几、床、榻 23．表违背的：牾、忤、逆、倍(背)24．表揭发的：劾、讦、揭 劾：揭发罪状。

讦：攻击或揭发别人的短处。25．表害怕的：畏、惧、惮、骇、患

26．表嫉恨的：恶、厌、憎、贬、衔、怨、患、疾、恨、怒、诅 衔：藏在心中，特指怀恨。诅：诅咒。

27．表暗中的：阴、间、密 28．表诬陷的：中、谮、诬 29．表朝见的：朝、觐 朝：原指诸侯春天朝见天子。觐：原指诸侯秋天朝见天子。后来都泛指朝见帝王。

30．与京城有关的：禁、阙、畿、京、京畿 畿：京城所管辖的地方。

31．与皇帝有关的：上、帝、祚、践祚、登基、朕、孤、寡人、御、诏、召、诰、(驾)幸、膳、对策、奏、表、疏

祚：福；皇位。践祚：即位。

32．表说话的：曰、云、谓、诏、诰、告、敕、白、陈、对、语、谕、喻、晓、辩、问、谢、诘、诉、咨

告：告诫，嘱咐；皇帝的命令或诏书。谕：告诉，使人知道；知道，了解，明白。诘：责备，追问。诉：告状；诽谤。

33．表劝说的：说、劝、规、讽、谏

34．表责备的：过、责、咎、诛、让、谴、尤、折 让：责备，责怪。尤：抱怨，指责。折：驳斥，斥责，指责。35．表宽容的：容、贷、恕、宽

36．表喜乐的：乐、欣(然)、悦(说)、欢

37．表哀怒的：怒、愤、恼、忿恚、涕泣、骂、责、戾 戾：①凶暴，猛烈；②违背，违反或乖张，不讲情理。忿：愤怒，怨恨。恚：恨、怒。

38．表刑罚的：髡、笞、磔、刖、族、杖、流、赭衣、械 族：灭族。

流：流放，古代的一种刑罚。赭衣：赭，红褐色。囚犯所穿的衣服。械：桎梏，脚镣和手铐一类的刑具。39．表监狱的：囹圄、狱

40．表拜访的：造、过、访、谒(见)、顾 41．表告别的：辞、别、谢 42．表离开某地的：去、迁、徙 43．表到往某地的：如、过、诣、往、经

44．与马匹有关的：马、驹、厩、策、羁、辔、逸、驭、御、驾、辕、辙 逸：马脱了缰绳，放纵。

45．表行动的：步、趋、走、遁、亡、逃、匿、逋

遁：逃，“遁”与“逃”均是逃离某个地方，但“遁”比“逃”更隐蔽，多指悄悄地遛走，不知去向。

逋：①逃亡，逃跑；②拖延，迟延。

46．表死亡的：(驾)崩、山陵崩、薨、卒、不禄、死、没(殁)、终、圆寂

(三)表示时间的词

高考文言文的概括分析题——“下列对原文有关内容的概括和分析，不正确的一项是”，错误项设置的一般特点是：个别字词的错译或打乱原文的六要素，即主要是人与时、地、事的错接。错译的字词以上面的词为常见。至于人与时、地、事的错接，也就是故意让这几个要素和主人公张冠李戴，比如补(译)出的省略成分错误。因此，我们不应忽略一些能暗示前后事件关系的时间词。

1．表瞬间：俄、俄而、俄顷，顷、顷之、顷刻、有顷，旋、寻、无何。2．表过去：既、既而，先、先是、先时，初，时、当是时，曩、尝，昔、向。3．表一段时间：比、迨、逮、及、洎、居(后带时间，则译作“过了„„”，不译作“居住”，如“居无何”“居三月”)

如果掌握这些字词的同时，又养成阅读时用“/”或序号标出事件起止的习惯，就明确了语境的起止区间，方便理解判断。

(五)其他常用词语

1．先：祖先，已经死去的，多指上代或长辈。2．课：督促劝说去做某件事。3．禁：皇帝居住的地方。4．对：回答或对话。

5．檄：古代用来征召、声讨的文书。6．中：中伤、诬蔑别人，使受损害。7．诬：捏造事实诬陷别人、言语不真实。8．掾：古代属官的统称。9．工：工匠，精巧，擅长，官吏。10．僭：超越本分，过分，虚假不真实。11．孤：幼年失去父亲。

12．贷：借出、借入，宽容、宽免。13．遽：急速，就，恐惧。

14．尤：罪过过错，指责归罪，优异突出，特别尤其。15．劫：强夺，掠取，威逼，威胁。16．令：美好，县令。17．执：捉拿。18．延：延请。19．省：减免。

20．谢：道歉，推辞，告诉。21．赧：因羞愧而脸红。22．竟：结束，完。23．造：造访。

24．过：拜访，经过，过失，责备。25．弑：子杀父，臣杀君。26．用：财用，因为。27．典：主持。