英语课文 U13

第一篇：英语课文 U13

Unit 13 People 1 EQ : IQ

Success comes with a high EQ

Most students do an IQ test early in their school career.Even if they never see their results, they feel that their IQ is what determines how well they are going to do in life.When they see other students doing better than them, they usually believe that those students have a higher IQ and that there is nothing they can do to change facts.However, new research into EQ suggests that success is not simply the result of a high IQ.While your IQ tells you how intelligent you are, your EQ tells you how well you use your intelligence.Professor Salovey, who invented the term EQ, gives the following description: At work, it is IQ that gets you hired but it is EQ that gets you promoted.Supported by his academic research, Professor Salovey suggests that when predicting someone's future success, their character, as measured by EQ tests, might actually matter more than their IQ.Professor Salovey may be correct.For example, have you ever wondered why some of the smartest students in your class, who you think deserve good grades, sometimes end up failing exams? Perhaps their failure is because of their low EQ.People are often mistaken in thinking that those with high IQs always have high EQs as well.This association can exist, but it is just as possible for someone with a low IQ to have a high EQ or someone with a high IQ to have a low EQ.It is generally believed that people with high EQs are open to new ideas and have positive attitudes towards life.They are also less likely to be troubled by problems.On the other hand, there is little doubt that people with low EQs often have problems getting on with other people and dealing with difficult situations;thus they have a harder time surviving in life.People generally believe that a person's IQ is determined by birth.However, most social scientists agree that EQ has a lot to do with education.Some are trying to study the possibility of improving a person's EQ, especially in terms of ―people skills‖, such as understanding and communication.Professor Mayer, recognised by many as a leading expert in the study of changes to people's EQs, recently announced the results of a study on senior high school students.When normal students were introduced to students with disabilities, they found that, afterwards, the normal students were more willing to help people with difficulties.They also showed a better understanding of the disabled students' feelings compared to students who had not been involved in the study.There was also an obvious change in the disabled students' attitudes.They became more positive about life and more willing to try new things.The results of studies such as these show that EQ is as important, if not more important than IQ.To get ahead in the world and lead a happy successful life means getting on with other people and being able to understand and react to situations in the best way possible.This requires a high EQ – the higher the better.And the fact that it might be possible to raise EQs means that schools need to make sure that their students are receiving the education they really need, and know that their futures are not entirely determined by their IQs.Personalities and Jobs Tapescript

Teacher: Today we're going to focus on jobs and personalities.Think of some jobs and what kinds of people do them.What characteristics do these people have?

Wang Shu: Er...people who work with computers are usually quiet, shy people.Teacher: Xiao Dong, what's your reaction to that? Do you agree?

Xiao Dong: To some extent, yes.They're also not usually very athletic.But it seems to me that they have to be creative.Teacher: You're right there.Next, Li Liang.Li Liang: A tour guide.I'm certain that this is a very exciting job.Tour guides need to be independent, outgoing and have a desire to share information.They must also be able to deal with many different situations and problems.Teacher: What do you think Cao Wen?

Cao Wen: I agree.I think tour guides must also get a lot of satisfaction out of seeing other people enjoying themselves.Teacher: That's a good point....Other jobs?

Xiao Dong: Farmers.As I see it, farmers are very important.Without their harvests every year, we would all go hungry!

Teacher: And their characteristics?

Xiao Dong: A farmer needs to be patient and know a lot about animal biology.Li Liang: Also, the weather is hard on farmers but they must never give up.Teacher: Right, but that's true for everyone, isn't it? Students: Mm, yes.Wang Shu: I'd like to be a farmer and grow fruit like pineapples and peaches, but I think I prefer to work in the city!I'd like to be a cook in a big hotel.Cooks also have to be creative and they need to be able to handle a kitchen and get things done on time.Teacher: I think you'd make a great cook, Wang Shu.OK, what about some other jobs? I would have thought that some of you might like to work in...Cao Wen: Medicine? Doctors and nurses?

Teacher: Yes, good.What kind of a person is a doctor or a nurse? Does anyone have views on this?

Li Liang: I feel that to be a nurse takes a lot of kindness.They have to be very caring people and are willing to help others.Xiao Dong: Yes, they certainly can't be selfish.Teacher: I couldn't agree more.What about a doctor?

Cao Wen: They need to be kind too — and good listeners.They should also be confident so that people trust them.I'm hoping to be a doctor.Wang Shu: That's cool Cao Wen!Good for you!

Teacher: So many jobs require getting on well with other people.Can you think of any jobs where this isn't a requirement? We'll discuss this tomorrow...Tapescript Dialogue 1:

A: Did you know that Alice can speak three languages? B: Really? I find that very hard to believe.She's only five.A: But it's true!Ask her mother!Dialogue 2:

A: I feel that airlines should not allow new-born babies aboard their long distance flights.B: Mm, I quite agree.There's nothing worse than listening to a crying baby for 12 hours!

Dialogue 3:

A:I've just seen Ian holding a bunch of flowers and walking into a restaurant.B: That's interesting.He told me he was going to the library!I wonder why he lied.A:Maybe he's too shy to tell you he has a new girlfriend!Dialogue 4:

A: Do you remember what I said about making hay while the sun shines? B:Yes.A:Well, it means that when things are going well you should make the best of them, so, because my boss was pleased with my report, I asked for extra vacation and got it!

B: That's great!Dialogue 5:

A:It really makes me mad when Jim sings at work.I also hate shaking hands with him.His hands are always damp!And he wears such terrible clothes, like that pink shirt!

B:Anything else?

A:Yes!I really dislike it when he eats garlic for lunch.He has terrible breath for the rest of the day!

B: So I guess you'll be looking for a new assistant soon!Dialogue 6:

A:I heard that the weather is going to change this weekend.Will we still go camping if it's raining?

B:We'll only go camping if the sun is shining.Otherwise we'll go to the cinema and watch the new Jackie Chan movie.A:Right.I just wanted to see what the back-up plan was.Making Guesses about People

Listen to the dialogue and complete the gaps.A: Have you heard anything about the two missing students? I think my French tutor might know one of them.I saw she had tears running down her cheeks at lunch today and one of the other teachers gave her a hug.B: I heard about it from the news report on TV last night, but haven't heard anything more since then.A: Their friends are really upset and have been waiting anxiously for more news.B: I can't believe that they've been missing in the mountains for three days now!They must be so(1)__________!

A: I wonder how they got lost and whose fault it was.B: They may have been(2)__________ from the other students and couldn't hear anyone when the thunder started, or they might have(3)__________ behind and taken the wrong path.A: Maybe.Or they could have gone exploring on their own and lost their way back to the group.B: I hate to think how they must be feeling right now.It's so cold at the moment.They must be(4)_______!I hope they have warm jackets made of wool.A: They might be(5)___________ in a cave.B: Or they could be in one of those empty cottages near the pine trees right at the top of the mountain.A: They can't be there.People would have looked there first, I'm sure.B: True.Imagine how hungry they are!They can't exactly eat seeds like squirrels and sparrows do!

A: They might have(6)__________ left from camping but they may not have any water.B: And one of them might be bleeding or have a broken arm or leg.I really hope someone finds them soon.A: Me too.Their parents must be very(7)__________.It'll be a real relief when they're found.First Impressions

The day that I met my best friend for the first time, I was full of anxiety.I was trying to do some revision for an important oral exam in the local library and people kept disturbing me.I was getting more and more annoyed and of course, the more upset I got, the less I was able to concentrate.The last straw was when I heard someone singing behind me.The singing was so loud that I could even recognise the song!I turned around and glared at the person who was singing.It was a tall girl about the same age as me and she had a big smile on her face.She was standing with a book in her hands near the ―English Literature‖ section.She looked like a literary type and seemed very interested in what she was reading.I glanced at the book's cover.It was a book of Tennyson's poems.The fact that she looked like a sensitive, friendly girl didn't matter.If anything, it made me even angrier.―How could she be so selfish?‖ I thought angrily.In fact, I'm surprised there wasn't steam coming out of my ears!

I picked up my books, glared at her and whispered angrily, ―Thanks to your noise, I've been unable to study.You're so selfish!‖ I still hate thinking of that moment.Let me tell you the rest of the story though.Because I left the library in such a hurry, I left my most important textbook behind.It was only when I got home two hours later that I realised I'd forgotten it and there was nothing I could do as the library was closed.I was so upset that I almost cried.Just then, the phone rang.I answered it and a gentle voice introduced the speaker as Jenny and asked if I was Jane.After confirming that I was, Jenny said that she had noticed

I'd left my book in the library and as my name was in it, she'd asked a librarian to get my phone number from their files.She said that she didn't live far away and could bring it around for me if I needed it.I sighed with relief and agreed to meet her at the convenience store down the road.I was so grateful!Of course you've guessed who Jenny was.She was the girl I had shouted at for singing.When I recognised her in the convenience store, I was filled with shame and apologised several times for my rude behaviour.I felt so guilty, but Jenny just laughed and told me she was glad to see that I'd also left my glare in the library!I couldn't help laughing at this and I invited her back to my apartment for a quick cup of tea.We got along really well and ever since then we've been best friends.We're very much alike and we tell each other everything.To be honest, I trust her more than anyone else.I often think how lucky I am.If Jenny hadn't been a kind person who was willing to forgive my shortcomings, I would never have experienced such true friendship.

第二篇：英语课文（模版）

Unit1 One way of summarizing the American position is to state that we value originality and independence more than the Chinese do.The contrast between our two cultures can also be seen in terms of the fears we both harbor.Chinese teachers are fearful that if skills are not acquired early, they may never be acquired;there is, on the other hand, no comparable hurry to promote creativity.American educators fear that unless creativity has been acquired early, it may never emerge;on the other hand, skills can be picked up later.However, I do not want to overstate my case.There is enormous creativity to be found in Chinese scientific, technological and artistic innovations past and present.And there is a danger of exaggerating creative breakthroughs in the West.When any innovation is examined closely, its reliance on previous achievements is all too apparent(the “Standing on the shoulders of giants” phenomenon).But assuming that the contrast I have developed is valid, and that the fostering of skills and creativity are both worthwhile goals, the important question becomes this:

Can we gather, from the Chinese and American extremes, a superior way to approach education, perhaps striking a better balance between the poles of creativity and basic skills? Unit2 Yet I feel nothing more than a passing whim to attain the material things so many other people have.My 1999 car shows the wear and tear of 105,000 miles.But it is still dependable.My apartment is modest, but quiet and relaxing.My clothes are well suited to my work, which is primarily outdoors.My minimal computer needs can be met at the library.In spite of what I don’t have, I don’t feel poor.Why? I’ve enjoyed exceptionally good health for 53 years.It’s not just that I’ve been illness-free, it’s that I feel vigorous and spirited.Exercising is actually fun for me.I look forward to long, energizing walks.And I love the “can do” attitude that follows.I also cherish the gift of creativity.When I write a beautiful line of poetry, or fabricate a joke that tickles someone, I feel rich inside.I’m continually surprised at the insights that come through my writing process.And talking with so many interesting writer friends is one of my main sources of enjoyment.Unit4 I’d never realized how important daily routine is: dressing for work, sleeping normal hours.I’d never thought I relied so much on co-workers for company.I began to understand why long-term unemployment can be so damaging, why life without an externally supported daily plan can lead to higher rates of drug abuse, crime, suicide.To restore balance to my life, I force myself back into the real world.I call people, arrange to meet with the few remaining friends who haven’t fled New York City.I try to at least get to the gym, so as to set apart the weekend from the rest of my week.I arrange interviews for stories, doctor’s appointments — anything to get me out of the house and connected with others.But sometimes being face to face is too much.I see a friend and her ringing laughter is intolerable — the noise of conversation in the restaurant, unbearable.I make my excuses and flee.I re-enter my apartment and run to the computer as though it were a place of safety.I click on the modem, the once-annoying sound of the connection now as pleasant as my favorite tune.I enter my password.The real world disappears.Unit5 The runway felt different this time.It startled him for a brief moment.Then it all hit him like a wet bale of hay.The bar was set at nine inches higher than his personal best.That’s only one inch off the National record, he thought.The intensity of the moment filled his mind with anxiety.He began shaking the tension.It wasn’t working.He became more tense.Why was this happening to him now, he thought.He began to get nervous.Afraid would be a more accurate description.What was he going to do? He had never experienced these feelings.Then out of nowhere, and from the deepest depths of his soul, he pictured his mother.Why now? What was his mother doing in his thoughts at a time like this? It was simple.His mother always used to tell him when you felt tense, anxious or even scared, take deep breaths.So he did.Along with shaking the tension from his legs, he gently laid his pole at his feet.He began to stretch out his arms and upper body.The light breeze that was once there was now gone.He carefully picked up his pole.He felt his heart pounding.He was sure the crowd did, too.The silence was deafening.When he heard the singing of some distant birds in flight, he knew it was his time to fly.Unit6 Why are we so quick to limit ourselves? I’m not denying that most little girls love dolls and most little boys love videogames, and it may be true that some people favor the right side of their brain, and others the left.But how relevant is that to me, or to anyone，as

an

individual?

Instead of translating our differences into hard and fast conclusions about the human brain, why can’t we focus instead on how incredibly flexible we are? Instead of using what we know as a reason why women can’t learn physics, maybe we should consider the possibility that our brains are more powerful than we imagine.Here’s a secret: math and science don’t come easily to most people.No one was ever born knowing calculus.A woman can learn anything a man can, but first she needs to know that she can do it, and that takes a leap of faith.It also helps to have selective hearing.Unit7 Two centuries ago an English judge in India noticed that several words in Sanskrit closely resembled some words in Greek and Latin.A systematic study revealed that many modern languages descended from a common parent language, lost to us because nothing was written down.Identifying similar words, linguists have come up with what they call an Indo-European parent language, spoken until 3500 to 2000 B.C.These people had common words for snow, bee and wolf but no word for sea.So some scholars assume they lived somewhere in north-central Europe, where it was cold.Traveling east, some established the languages of India and Pakistan, and others drifted west toward the gentler climates of Europe.Some who made the earliest move westward became known as the Celts, whom Caesar’s armies found in Britain.New words came with the Germanic tribes — the Angles, the Saxons, etc.— that slipped across the North Sea to settle in Britain in the 5th century.Together they formed what we call Anglo-Saxon society.The Anglo-Saxons passed on to us their farming vocabulary, including sheep, ox, earth, wood, field and work.They must have also enjoyed themselves because they gave us the word laughter Unit8 There was once a town in the heart of America where all life seemed to live in harmony with its surroundings.The town lay in the midst of a checkerboard of prosperous farms, with fields of grain and hillsides of orchards where, in spring, white clouds of bloom drifted above the green fields.In autumn, oak and maple and birch set up a blaze of colour that flamed and flickered across a backdrop of pines.Then foxes barked in the hills and deer silently crossed the fields, half hidden in the mists of the autumn mornings.Along the roads, laurel, viburnum and alder, great ferns and wild flowers, delighted the traveller’s eye through much of the year.Even in winter the roadsides were places of beauty, where countless birds came to feed on the berries and on the seed heads of the dried weeds rising above the snow.The countryside was, in fact, famous for the abundance and variety of its bird life, and when the flood of migrants was pouring through in spring and autumn people travelled from great distances to observe them.Others came to fish the streams，which flowed clear and cold out of the hills and contained shady pools where trout lay.So it had been from the days many years ago when the first settlers raised their houses, sank their wells and built their barns.

第三篇：英语课文

Anna’s blog Hello everyone.Welcome to my blog.About me

My name is Anna.I'm from Germany.I'm 11 years old.I'm tall and thin.I have long hear.I live with my family in a house close to some mountains.My mum is an Art teacher.My dad is a doctor.I have an elder sister and an elder brother.About my school and my hobbies

Every day, I go to school by school bus.My favourite subjects are Maths, Art and Science.I like my school because the teachers are all very friendly.My dream is to be an engineer.I like many sports.I'm good at swimming and playing basketball.There are my favourite hobbies.I want to make friends with young people from all over the world!Email me , please!

A day at school By Sam

I am a junior high school student.I love going to school.My school is close to my home,so I always go to school on foot.Classes start at 8 a.m,and I am seldom late.My favourite subject is Geography.I enjoy learning about different places in the world.In the morning,we usually study Chinese, Maths and English.We have our morning break at 9:50am.When the bell rings,I run to the playground with my best friends Tom and Jack.We often play games.Break ends at 10:10 a.m.How short it is!Lunch is from 11:50a.m.to 12:30 p.m.Afternoon classes end at 3:30p.m.Then Tom,Jack and I take part in the school band practice.We make great music together.I always have a good time at school.Protect the Earth The Earth is a beautiful place.There are forests and rivers,mountains and fields.Some places are very hot，and some are very cold。There are many different plants.Some are large.Some are small.All plants need light and water.There are different animals on Earth too.Some live on the land.Some fly in the sky.Some live under the water.There are also many people like you and me on Earth.The Earth provides us with air，water and food.It is our home.Today，there is a lot of pollution.We burn things to make energy.This pollutes the air.We put our rubbish into the sea and under the ground.This pollutes the Earth and kills animals and plants.We must stop doing these things.It is important for us to protect the Earth for our future.The four seasons Spring In spring, the weather starts to get warm.The wind blows gently.It often rains.Plants start to grow.Everything turns green.It is exciting to take a trip in spring.Summer The weather is hot in summer.The Sun shines brightly.Many people like to go to the beach and swim in the sea.It is nice to eat ice cream in the hot weather.Autumn In autumn, everything changes.Leaves turn brown, red or yellow and start falling from the trees.It is nice to go on a picnic at this time of year because the weather is cool and dry.Winter Winter is often cold and snowy.Children love winter because they love to play in the snow.It is interesting to make snowmen.People usually spend time with their relatives during the Spring Festival.A trip to space By Jerry 10 October 2053 I am so happy!Tomorrow I will be one of the first students to travel into space.The spaceship will leave the Earth at 9 a.m.It will take us to the Moon.I can't wait!The Moon is around380000kilometres from the Earth,so it'll take us about four days to get there.There's no gravity in space,so we'll all be able to float around in the spaceship.We'll have to tie ourselves to our beds so that we won't float away in our sleep!Without gravity,our bodies may get weak ,so we'll have to do exercises every day.When we arrive,I'm going to walk on the Moon.I'll have to wear a spacesuit to help me breathe because there's no air on the Moon.I'm going to take as many photos as I can,that is ,if my camera still works up there......Visiting Shanghai

Shanghai is one of the largest cities in the world.If you like sightseeing, you will love it!People’s Square

People’s Square is in the centre of Shanghai.It is a large public area with green grass, fountains and birds.If you visit People’s Square, you can also see famous buildings around it, such as the Shanghai Grand Theatre and the Shanghai Museum.The Bund

The Bund is where old Shanghai meets new Shanghai.If you walk along the Bund, you will see many old buildings.The Pudong New Area, just across the Huangpu River, has many modern buildings.At night, these tall buildings light up the sky in every direction.Yu Garden

Yu Garden is a traditional garden.If you enjoy history and natural beauty, you will love this garden.There are many beautiful buildings, bridges and ponds.You can also buy different snacks just outside the garden.The clubs fair Linda and Leo are new students at Rosie Bridge School.Last month, they attended the Clubs Fair.First, Linda and Leo learnt about the Rocket Club.“Our club will teach you how to build rockets.Then you can launch them into the sky,” a boy said.“Watch!” He took a rocket and launched it.The rocket disappeared into the sky.Linda and Leo were very surprised.“Will it go all the way into space?” Linda asked.“Of course it won’t,” a girl from another club shouted.“Our club is better.Come and join the Solar Power Club.”

“What do you do?” asked Leo.“We make wonderful machines.They only use solar power.Look!”

She took a toy car from the table and then used a remote control to drive it all around the playground.“It uses power from the Sun,” said Linda.“That’s amazing!”

Linda and Leo learnt about many clubs.After the fair, they felt very excited.“I want to join all the clubs,” said Linda.“Me too!” said Leo.Unusual collections Sam and Helen's grandparents collect almost everything.There are eight doorbells on their front door!“This silver doorbell is my favourite,” said Helen.She pushed it and and soon Grandpa opened the door.“Come in,my dear grandson and granddaughter!”he said.“Who started collecting doorbells,Grandpa? ”asked Sam.“Your grandma,” he answered.“She loves doorbells.” “What do you like collecting,Grandpa?” asked Helen.“I like collecting newspapers.” They went inside and saw newspapers everywhere.“Hello children!”called Grandma.“Let's have some tea.” The children followed her into the living room and saw lots of toys there.There was hardly any space for the children to sit down.“Whose toys are these?” asked Helen.“They're ours,” said Grandma.“We both like collecting toys.” “But remember,” said Grandpa,"we have a lot of free time!You have your school work to do,so you shouldn't

第四篇：英语课文翻译

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• 参考译文

第一单元

与自然力量抗争 课文A 就拿拿破仑和希特勒两人来说吧，他们所向披靡，便以为自己战

冰雪卫士

奈拉·B·史密斯

1812年，法国皇帝拿破仑·波拿巴率大军入侵俄罗斯。他准备好俄罗斯人民会为保卫祖国而奋勇抵抗。

他准备好在俄罗斯广袤的国土上要经过长途跋涉才能进军首都莫斯科。但他没有料到在莫斯科他会遭遇劲敌——俄罗斯阴冷凄苦的寒冬。

1941年，纳粹德国元首阿道夫·希特勒进攻当时被称作苏联的俄罗斯。希特勒的军事实力堪称无敌。

他的战争机器扫除了欧洲绝大部分地区的抵抗。希特勒希望速战速决，但是，就像在他之前的拿破仑一样，他得到的是痛苦的教训。仍是俄罗斯的冬天助了苏维埃士兵一臂之力。拿破仑发起的战役

1812年春，拿破仑在俄国边境屯兵60万。这些士兵受过良好训练，作战力强，装备精良。这支军队被称为大军。拿破仑对马到成功充满自信，预言要在5个星期内攻下俄国。

不久，拿破仓的大军渡过涅曼河进入俄国。拿破仑期盼着的速决速胜迟迟没有发生。令他吃惊的是，俄国人并不奋起抵抗。相反．他们一路东撒，沿途焚毁庄稼和民居。大军紧追不舍，但它的长驱直入很快由于粮草运输缓慢而停顿下来。

到了8月，法俄两军在斯摩棱斯克交战，这一战役中，双方各有上万人阵亡。可是俄国人仍能在自己的国土上继续后撤。拿破仑未能取得决定性的胜利。此刻他面临着一个重要抉择。是继续追击俄国军队，还足把军队驻扎在斯摩棱斯克，在那儿度过将到的冬天?

拿破仑孤注一掷，决定向远在448公里之外的莫斯科进发。1 812年9月7日，法俄两军在莫斯科以西112公里外的鲍罗季诺激战，夜幕降临时，3万名法国士兵以及4万4千名俄国士兵或伤或亡，倒在了战场上。

俄国军队再次撤往安全之处。拿破仑顺利进入莫斯科，然而，对该市的占领成为毫无意义的胜利。俄国人弃城而走。法国人进城不久，一场熊熊大火烧毁丁整个城市的三分之二。拿破仑向亚历山大一世提出停战，但沙皇深知他可以等待时机：“且让俄罗斯的严冬为我们战斗吧。”

拿破仑很快意识到，他无法在冬天向远在莫斯科的军队供应粮草、提供御寒衣物和宿营之地。1812年10月，他命令大军撤出莫斯科。

法军的撤离成为一场噩梦。俄国人出没于田野与森林，采用打了就跑的战术，向法国人发起攻击。刚出莫斯科城，气温就降到摄氏零下4度。11月3目降了初雪。困乏的马匹倒地而死。大炮陷入雪中。装备只得被用作燃料焚烧。士兵们染病冻死。法国士兵拖着脚步行进，一路上留下无数死尸。

正当俄罗斯军队集聚兵力之时，法国人却不得不逃离俄国，以避免注定的失败。在别列兹那河，俄国人焚烧了涨水的河道上的桥粱，差点将后撤的法军团于河边。侥幸的是，拿破仑居然突击造起两座桥。成千上万法国士兵得以逃脱，但却损失了5万人。渡过别列兹拿河，溃不成军的幸存者一瘸一拐地向维尔纽行进。

拿破仑发兵60万进入俄国，只有不到10万士兵返回。元气大伤的法国军队在欧洲继续西撤。不久，英国、奥地利、俄国以及普鲁士组成强大的联盟，攻击这些 1 • •

• •

散兵游勇。1814年3月，巴黎被攻占。拿破仑退位去过流放生活，他缔造的帝国随之灭亡。希特勒的入侵

到1941年初，纳粹德国元首阿道夫·希特勒已经控制了欧洲大部分地区。希特勒的德意志帝国的东部与苏联毗邻。1941年6月22曰，希特勒不宣而战，入侵苏联，发动了历史上规模最大的一场陆地战役。希特勒自信能速战速决，预计这一战役不会超过3个月。他计划采用征服了欧洲其余地区的闪电式战略。入侵汁划包含三大目标：向列宁格勒与莫斯科进攻，并横扫乌克兰。

苏联领导人约瑟夫·斯大林被打了个措手不及，他指示全国人民在德国入侵者到来之前实行“焦土”政策。农场和工厂被焚烧毁坏，或被弄得无法运转。在入侵的最初10个星期内，德国人一路东进。俄国人伤亡人数多达一百多万。

在北方，德国人包围了列宁格勒。尽管忍受着极大困苦，列宁格勒的人民绝不投降。列宁格勒保卫战一直持续到冬季，此时该市的处境变得危急。由于食品匮乏．人们死于饥饿与疾病。到了1941年和1942年之间的寒冬，几乎每天有4千人死于饥饿。列宁格勒之围造成近百万人死亡。

在俄国中部，希特勒的目标是占领莫斯科。由于德国人指望速战速决，他们没有准备过冬的补给。IO 月来临，大雨不停。“泥泞将军”拖延了德国人闪电式进攻的行动。

正当希特勒的军队逼近莫斯科时，寒冷的冬季早早地降临苏联，那是多年不遇的严寒。气温降到摄氏零下48度。大雪纷飞。对俄国的严寒冬季毫无思想准备的德国士兵身着单薄的夏装，一个个被冻伤。德国人的坦克掩埋往深深的雪堆中。俄罗斯的冬季阻止了德国人的攻势。

到1942夏天，希特勒又发起两场新的攻势。往南方，德国人占领了塞瓦斯托波尔。希特勒随后向东推进到斯大林格勒，那是沿伏尔加河绵延48公里的一座大工业城市。尽管艰苦卓绝，苏联抵抗者拒绝放弃斯大林格勒。

到1942夏天，希特勒又发起两场新的攻势。往南方，德国人占领了塞瓦斯托波尔。希特勒随后向东推进到斯大林格勒，那是沿伏尔加河绵延48公里的一座大工业城市。尽管艰苦卓绝，苏联抵抗者拒绝放弃斯大林格勒。

1942年11月，俄国人发起了一场反攻。德国军队在斯大林格勒城内外几乎没有挡风避寒的地方，食品和补给的匮乏更使其元气大伤。直到1943年1月德国人才放弃围城。进攻斯大林格勒的30万德国人只剩下9万忍饥挨饿的士兵。斯大林格勒一战的失利最终使希特勒时乖运蹇。部分地由于俄罗斯的冬季，德国人走向失败了。

在1943年与1944年期间，苏联军队将德军阵线往西逼退。在北方，1944年1月15日，红军发起突然袭击，解除了列宁格勒长达3年之久的围困。列宁格勒那些英勇无畏的幸存者看着入侵者在两个早期内全部撤离。到了1944年3月，乌克兰的农村又回到了苏维埃手中。1944年5月9日，塞瓦斯托波尔从德国人手中被解放出来。至此，俄国人向柏林进发。

就希特勒而言，对苏联的入侵成为一场军事灾难。对俄罗斯人民来说，这场入侵带来了无法形容的苦难。苏维埃在第一次世界大战中死亡的人数几乎达到2千3百万。

俄罗斯的冰雪卫士

任何军事行动都必须考虑到自然的因素。拿破仑和希特勒都低估了俄罗斯冬季的严酷。冰雪和极低的气温使两支侵略军付出惨重的代价。对俄罗斯人民而言，严冬是他们的冰雪卫上。• • • • • • • •

• •

• •

• •

第二单元

智能汽车 课文A

能看、能听，有知觉、具嗅觉、会说话的智能汽车?还能自动驾驶?这听起来或许像是在做梦，但计算机革命正致力于把这一切变为现实。

智能汽车

米基奥.卡库

即便是过去70年间基本上没有多少变化的汽车工业，也将感受到计算机革命的影响。

汽车工业是20世纪最赚钱，最有影响力的产业之一。目前世界上有5亿辆车，或者说每 lo人就有l辆车。汽车工业的销售额达一万亿美元左右，从而成为世界上最大的制造业。

汽车及其行驶的道路，将在主2l世纪发生重大变革。未来“智能汽车”的关键在于传感器。我们会见到能看、能听，有知觉，具嗅觉、会说话并能采取行动的车辆与道路，”正在设计未来智能汽车和智能道路的通用汽车公司ITS项目的技术主任比尔·斯普雷扎预言道。

美国每年有大约4万人死于交通事故。在汽车事故中死亡或严重受伤的人数太多，我们已经不屑在报纸上提及。这些死亡的人中至少有半数是酒后开车者造成的，另外许多死亡事故是驾驶员不小心所导致。智能汽车能消除绝大多数这类汽车事故。它能通过会感测空气中的酒精雾气的电子传感器捡测开车者是否喝醉酒，并拒绝启动引擎。这种车还能在遇窃后通报警方，告知车辆的确切地点。

能监控行车过程以及周围行车状况的智能汽车已经建造出来。藏在保险杠里的微型雷达能对周围的汽车作扫描。如果你发生重大行车失误(如变道时有车辆在你“盲点”内)，计算卫星从高空经过时发出能被汽车卜计算机里的接收器辨认的无线电信号。汽车上的计算机就会根据信号传来所花的时间汁算出卫星有多远。由于光速为人熟知，接收卫星信号时的任何时间迟缓都能折算出距离的远近。

在日本，具有某种导航能力的汽车已有一百万辆之多。(有些导航装置通过将方向盘的转动与汽车在地图上的位置并置来测定汽车的方位。)

随着微芯片价格的大幅度下降，未来对全球卫星定位系统的应用几乎是无限的。“制造这一商品的工业定会飞速发展，”生产导航系统的麦哲伦航仪公司的兰迪·霍夫曼说。盲人可以在手杖里装配全球卫星定位系统传感器，飞机可以通过遥控着陆，徒步旅行者可以测定自己在林中的方位——其潜在的应用范围是无止境的。

全球卫星定位系统其实只是叫做“远程信息学”的这一更大行动的一部分，这一行动最终将把智能汽车送上智能高速公路。这种高速公路的样品已经在欧洲问世，加州也在进行试验，在高速公路上安装计算机芯片、传感器和无线电发射机，以便向汽车报告交通拥挤堵塞情况。

在圣迭戈以北10英里的15号州际公路一段8英里长的路面上，交通工程师正在安装一个由麻省理工学院设计的引进“自动司机”系统。这一计划要求计算机在公路上埋设的数千

个3英寸长的磁钉的协助下，在车辆极多的路段完全控制车辆的运行。车辆会编成10辆或12辆一组，车距仅6英尺，在计算机的控制下一齐行驶。

这种计算机化的公路的倡导者对其未来的应用充满希望。到2010年，远程信息• • • • •

• • •

• • •

• • 技术很可能应用于美国的一条主要公路。如果成功的话，到2020年，当微芯片的价格降到一片一美分以下时，远程信息技术就会应用在美国成千上万英里的公路上。这对环保也会很有利，能节省燃油，减轻交通阻塞，减少空气污染污染，还可用作公路扩建的替代办法。

第三单元

求职面试

课文A

自己经营公司的哈维麦凯经常对求职者进行面试。文中他告诉我们关于雇主看重 什幺样品质的秘密，并提出4点建议，帮助你显得比众人突出。

得到你想要的工作

哈维·B·迈克

我经营着一家有350名左右员工的制造公司，我本人常常要对求职者进行面试，决定是否聘用。我喜欢与可能成为营业员的人交谈，因为他们会是我们与顾客联系的纽带。

不久前一个新近毕业的大学生到我办公室谋求一份销售工作。我问他为这次面试做过哪些准备。他说他在什么地方看到过有关本公司的些情况。

他有没有给麦凯信封公司的人打过电话，好了解更多有关我们的情况?没打过。他有没有给我们的供应厂商打过电话?还有我们的客户?都没有。

他可曾在就读的大学里查问过有没有校友在本公司就职，以便向他们了解一些情况’他可曾请朋友向他提问，对他进行模拟面试?可曾去图书馆查找过有关本公司的剪报?

他事先有没有写封信来介绍自己，告诉我们自己为这次面试在做哪些准备，自己何以能胜任此项工作?面试之后他是否打算再写一封信，表明自己加盟本公司的诚意?这封信会不会在面试后的24小时之内送到我们手上，也许甚至是亲自送来?

他对上述每一个问题的回答全都一样：没有。这样我就只剩一个问题要问了：如果此人代表本公司去见可能成为我们客户的人，他准备工作会做得怎样?答案不言自明。在笔者看来，如欲被聘用，应注意四个要诀：

1．准备去赢。“一日不练，自己知道，”音乐家中自这样的说法。“两日不练，音乐评论家

知道。三日不练，观众知道。”

我们在观看世界级音乐家或顶尖运动员的表演时，看到的并不是使他们变成出类拔萃人物的长年苦练。世界上诸如迈克尔-乔丹这样的顶尖人物无疑具有非凡才能，但他们在蓝球场上也是第一个到，最后一个走。同样的苦练适用于人类的各项活动。若想被聘用，就要准 备去赢。

我大学毕业时，我极有可能终身从事同一个工作。当时情况也的确如此。但如今已不再

是一生被聘去做一个工作了。指导就业的专家认为．今天的大学毕业生在他们的生涯中可能

|会经历多达10次的职业变动。

听上去似乎压力不小。然而，如果你作了准备，压力就是别人的——那些没做准备的人。

你不可能得到你想要的每份工作。最好的售货员也不可能每次都成交。迈克尔乔丹投篮

命中率勉强过半。但认真准备一次面试的时间不会多于马马虎虎准各五次面试的时间，而你

成功的可能性要多得多。

2永不中断学习。最近我和一位90高龄的老者搭档打双人网球。我琢磨着那会是什么结局；可我的担心是多余的。我们6：l击败对手。是6：1啊!

j

我们交换场地打第三局时，他对我说“我打反手击球你不介意吧?我向来喜欢多练练自

己的弱点。”好一个永不中断学习的精彩实例。顺便说一下，我们6：l赢 4 •

• • • • • • •

• • • • • •

• • • • • • 了第三局。

走出赛场，我那90高龄的搭档笑着说：“你也许想知道我在85岁以上年龄段的美国网球双打排名第一!”他想的不是年届90，想的甚至也不是85岁高龄。他想的是第一。

如果你努力克服自己的弱点，发挥自己的优势．你同样可以做得那么好。要有能力竞争 就得终生学习。

3．相信自己，那怕没人相信你。还记得那4分钟跑英里的往事吗?几百年来，运动员

们一直试图实现这一目标，最终认定人类的身体无法做到。我们的骨结构不适应，我们的肺活量跟不上。

可是，有个人证明那些专家错了。奇迹中的奇迹是，在罗杰·班尼斯特打破4分钟一

英里的纪录6个星期之后，约翰-兰迪又以几乎快出整整2秒的成绩打破了班尼斯特的纪录。

此后，有大约800多名运动员打破了4分钟一英里的记录。

几年前，我和女儿米米参加了纽约马拉松比赛。发令枪一响．23,000名运动员冲出起跑线——最后有21,244名运动员到达终点。第一名是一位以2小时l1分钟零1秒跑完全程的肯尼亚人。第21,244名运动员是一位越战老兵。他用了3天9小时37分钟跑完全程。没有双腿的他坚持跑完了26．2英里。我和女儿在比赛的最初几分钟内超过了他．当时顿觉勇气倍增，定要跑完全程。

别听旁人说你不能实现自己的目标。谁说你不比你的竞争对手更坚强、更努力、更能干?

要知道，所谓目标就是有最后限期的梦想：写成文字，可测量，可确认，可实现。

4．想方设法显得与众不同。在我看来，纽约大多数的出租车司机即使不算无礼透顶．至

少也是不友好的。车辆大都十分肮脏，几乎所有的车都触目地装有难以穿透的防弹隔离装置。

可近日我在拉瓜迪亚机场跳上了一辆出租车，你猜怎么样?车子竟然干干净净。放着优美的音乐，而且没有隔离装置。

“请到帕克街酒店，”我对司机说。他笑容满面地说：“你好，我叫沃利，”他说着递给我一份保证书。一份保证书!上面写着他将安全、札貌、准时地将我送到目的地。

车开后，他拿出几份报纸说：“请随意翻阅。”他还让我随意品尝后座篮子里的水果。接着他又拿出手机说：“您要是想打电话，每分钟1美元。”

我大吃一惊，脱口问道：“你这么做有多久了?”他回答说：“有三、四年了。”

“我知道不该问，”我说，“可是，你能多挣多少小费?”

“一年12．000到14，000美元左右，”他得意地回答说。

他不知道他成了我心目中的英雄。他就是一个生动的例证，说明你总是可以争取到成功的机会。

我的良师益友柯特·卡尔森是明尼苏达州的首富，拥有一家酒店和旅行社，营业收入约达90亿美元。一次我要去纽约赴会，柯特慷慨地请我乘坐他的私人飞机。碰巧那天明尼苏达州遭受多年不遇的暴风雪袭击。明尼阿波利斯·圣保罗国际机场几十年来第一次关闭。

• • •

虽然暴风雪仍在肆虐，机场还是特地为小型飞机清出了一条跑道。我们正在跑道上滑行准各起飞时，柯特转过头来兴奋地说：“看哪，哈维，雪地上没有痕迹啊!”

柯特·卡尔森，当时年届70，富甲一方，竟然还会因为自己是第一个而如此兴奋。

在我看来，这些正是关键之所在，准备去赢。永不中断学习。相信自己，哪怕没人相信你。想方设法显得与众不同。然后就出发，在雪地上留下你自己的足迹。

第五篇：英语课文翻译

Unit 5PA奉告学子：教育是关键

比尔·盖茨

每年都有数以百计的学生给我发电子邮件，要我就接受教育给他们提建议。他们想知道该学些什么，或者可不可以从大学辍学，因为我就没有读完大学。

也有不少家长给我写信，为子女寻求指导。他们问：“我们怎样才能把孩子引向成功之路？”

我的基本忠告很简单，而且是发自内心的：全力获得最佳教育，充分利用高中和大学，学会如何学习。不错，为创建微软，我未完成大学学业，不过辍学之前我已经在哈佛呆了三年，而且我真心希望有一天能重返校园。以前我也说过，谁也不应该辍学，除非他坚信自己正面临着一个一生仅有一次的机会，但就算在那个时候也还是应该深思熟虑。

Unit 6PA永不放弃

人们劝他引退，说他天分不够，但是花样滑冰选手保罗·怀利拒绝放弃。

1992年冬奥会闭幕后，保罗·怀利抵达华盛顿。走下飞机时，欢迎的人群开始鼓掌。他差点停下了脚步。谁在后面呀？他心里嘀咕。虽说有银牌在囊中，他怎么也不敢相信这掌声是献给他的。从那一刻起，保罗意识到自己的生活从此永远地改变了。

这位27岁的花样滑冰运动员在法国的阿尔贝维尔获得了银牌，从此走向全新的生活。1988年的卡尔加里冬奥会上，他表现平平，只得了第10名，可如今他再也不是在大型赛事中举止失措的无名小卒了；1991年的世界锦标赛上，保罗比赛完后，裁判建议他退出冰坛，“给年轻选手让位”，如今再也听不到这样的建议了。

Unit 7PA父亲的教诲

三位成功人士讲述父亲怎样塑造我们的人生。

瑞贝卡·洛伯：充满爱心

自小我就知道，父亲和母亲深深相爱。只要单独出门，他们总会吻别，我们兄妹几个觉得挺肉麻的，可结婚时，我却满心希望所找到的这个人，能像父亲爱母亲那样爱着我。在我家，爱无处不在，我成长的过程很有安全感，真是妙不可言。

我上大学时，母亲在与乳腺癌作斗争。父亲自己忧心忡忡，却是我们的精神支柱，对母亲而言尤其如此。做了乳房切除术之后，母亲决定不接受乳房再造术，以免再受手术之苦，母亲告诉我，在他们一起走过的日子里，父亲甚至不曾叫她改变发型。相反，他总是对她说，她是多么的美丽动人。正因为这样，与癌症作斗争，对她而言，倒也并不是多么可怕的事。她深知，不管发生什么事，父亲和他的爱总是会和她在一起。

注：瑞贝卡·洛伯曾当选全美“大学最佳球员”，曾是美国女子职业篮球协会的纽约自由女神队球员。

理查德·布兰森：鼓励

我和几个姐妹在英格兰的一个小村庄长大。父亲是个律师，为了生计而奔波，我却一直就认为他与众不同。他从不指责我们，只是表扬，把我们的长处发挥出来。他会说：“给花浇水，花就会茂盛；不浇水，花就会死。”

我还记得我小的时候，说了别人几句不好听的话，父亲便说，“说别人的坏话，反映的是你自身的品质。”他还解释说，看到旁人的长处，别人也会看我的长处。我在经营公司时，一直尽量遵循这个原则。父亲还一向通情达理。15岁那年，我办了一本杂志，花了大量的时间，校长让我自己作决定：要么继续学业，要么辍学去办杂志。

约翰·路易斯：希望

小时候，我住在阿拉巴马州的特洛伊，我经常抱怨每天要起很早去农场干活。一天，父亲把我拉到一边说：“孩子，我们这么做，也是为了日子好过呀。坚持一下，情况总会好起来的。”

父亲生性乐观，对未来满怀希望，这种态度对我有潜移默化的影响。他还教导我们说，我们不能只顾自己，还应该关心别人。

在我看来，父亲总是在奉献，在分享。我们自己条件也不宽裕，没有很多可供奉献或分享，但父亲坚信，一切都会好的，即使在极其艰难的条件下也会如此。当年阿拉巴马有许多事情令人可怕：种族隔离很厉害；我们用的喷泉式饮水器上面标着“黑人使用”字样；上街时我们只能走街道的一边。但他挺过了这一切，没有怨，没有怒，没有憎。

Unit 8PA你是最薄弱的环节，再见

还记得美好的往日时光吗？在那样的纯真年代，我们共享文档和可执行文件，根本没有半点顾虑。不错，每隔一个月左右你可能会碰到一个引导扇区病毒，不过这些很容易对付，就算杀毒软件没有把它查出来也不要紧。

那些长长的夏日，悠闲自得，可惜消逝得太快。宏病毒使IT管理者们迅速成长起来，他们意识到有的病毒能迅速扩散到整个机构。一家公司里的数百台计算机感染了通过电子邮件附件传播的病毒，也是十分平常的事。公司各部门中身体最好的当属IT员工，因为他们奔走于各台计算机之间，清理病毒。

防病毒得想个更好的办法才行。各家公司现在都意识到病毒并不是“现代神话”，而确实会严重影响到公司的运作。他们投资杀毒软件，安装在计算机、服务器以及电子邮件网关上，甚至还采取措施确保使用最新的检查程序，随时更新杀毒软件。

听起来好像各公司已经采取了充分的措施防范病毒。可事实真的如此吗？