第一篇：英文学术论文写作指导 10步曲
1.Start by listing at least 10 observations about this paragraph.Type up this list
because you will be handing it in.Underneath the list in Step 3, create a new list placing these 10 observations into some sort of logical order.Underneath the list from Step 4, explain which order you have chosen and provide a rationale for your choice.See the Handout “Essay Structure: A Checklist” on page 182 of the Custom
Reader for suggestions about Conceptual Organization.Organize these 10 observations into paragraphs(about two per paragraph)quoting examples from Wente’s text to illustrate your claims.Once you have completed the above steps, write a brief introductory paragraph and brief conclusion that explains what the above observations reveal.2.3.4.5.6.
第二篇：英文学术论文写作常用句型
学术英语常用句式Joseph Li
一、~~~ the + ~ est + 名词 +(that)+ 主词 + have ever + seen(known/heard/had/read, etc)
~~~ the most + 形容词 + 名词 +(that)+ 主词 + have ever + seen(known/heard/had/read, etc)
Lack of interpersonal skills is one of the most serious defects that we have ever known about today’s college students.缺乏人际交往技能是我们迄今所知的当今大学生的最大缺陷。
二、Nothing is + ~~~ er than to + V
Nothing is + more + 形容词 + than to + V
例句：For parents, nothing is more important than to educate children in a proper way.没有比以一种正确方式教育孩子更重要的事情了。
三、~~~ cannot emphasize the importance of ~~~ too much.（再怎么强调...的重要性也不为过。）
例句：We cannot emphasize the importance of protecting celebrities’ privacy too much.我们再怎么强调保护名人隐私的也不为过。
四、There is no denying that + S + V...（不可否认的...）
例句：There is no denying that the practicality of our higher education has gone from bad to worse.不可否认的，我们高等教育的实用性已经每况愈下。
五、It is universally acknowledged that + 句子~~（全世界都知道...）例句：It is universally acknowledged that it is the doctor’s duty and obligation to heal the wounded and rescue the dying.全世界都知道救死扶伤是医生的天职。
六、There is no doubt that + 句子~~（毫无疑问的...）
例句：There is no doubt that the Internet is far more convenient and efficient than the written word or other conventional means of conveying meaning.毫无疑问因特网比书面文字更方便、快捷。
七、An advantage of ~~~ is that + 句子（...的优点是...）
例句：An advantage of children’s participating in some paid work is that this practice can cultivate their independence, self-determination and sense of-1-
responsibility.孩子参加有偿劳动的一个优点是这种实践可以培养小孩的独立性、自主性和责任感。
八、The reason why + 句子 ~~~ is that + 句子（...的原因是...）
例句：The reason why a large number of customs have altered a great deal is that most of them are connected with some superstitious beliefs, and they cannot fit in this world with highly-developed technology.多数旧风俗习惯都产生了巨大的改变的原因是它们大多与封建迷信有关，与现代社会格格不入。
九、So + 形容词 + be + 主词 + that + 句子（如此...以致于...）
例句：So pervasive are advertisements that no one can avoid being influenced by them.广告是如此盛行，每个人都难免不受它们的影响。
十、Adj + as + Subject（主词）+ be, S + V~~~（虽然...）
例句：Lovely as pets are, it is by no means appropriate for city dwellers to keep them in their houses.{by no means = in no way = on no account 一点也不}
虽然宠物很可爱，但市民在家中饲养是丝毫不妥的。
十一、The + ~er + S + V, ~~~ the + ~er + S + V ~~~
The + more + Adj + S + V, ~~~ the + more + Adj + S + V ~~~（愈...愈...）The more children are encouraged to get in touch with various aspects of society, the more comprehensive their knowledge will be.越鼓励孩子接触社会的各个方面，他们学习的知识会更全面。
十二、By +Ving, ~~ can ~~（借着...，..能够..）
例句：By putting the responsibility into the government’s hand, citizens can enjoy a higher level of assurance in quality.借着将这种职责放在政府手中，市民在质量上能够享有更高程度的保障。
十三、~~~ enable + Object（受词）+ to + V（..使..能够..）
例句：Community service programs enable the government to relieve the strain on its limited budget.社区服务计划有助于减轻政府财政负担。
十四、On no account can we + V ~~~（我们绝对不能...）
例句：On no account can we ignore the significance of education.我们绝对不能忽略教育的重要性。
十五、It is time + S + 过去式（该是...的时候了）
例句：It is time we evaluated the roles that modern technology plays in our life from more balanced and objective perspectives.该是我们从更加公正和客观的角度来评价现代科技在我们的生活中所发挥的作用的时候了。
十六、Those who ~~~（...的人...）
例句：Those who think otherwise contend that computers are designed and programmed by human beings to do all the translation work in a comparatively mechanical manner.那些持反对意见的人争论到电脑是由人设计和编程的，因此只能是较机械地进行语言翻译。
十七、There is no one but ~~~（没有人不...）
例句：There is no one but longs to display the best self and impress others.没有人不渴望展现最好的自我以给他人留下深刻印象。
十八、be + forced/compelled/obliged + to + V（不得不...）
例句：Only in a peaceful environment can people lay emphasis on sports events.The Olympic Games is a convincing example because it has been compelled to be cancelled several times in its history due to wars..只有在和平的环境里，人们才有精力去重视体育赛事。奥运会就是一个很有说服力的例子，因为在历史上它由于战争而数次被迫取消。
十九、It is conceivable that + 句子（可想而知的）
It is obvious that + 句子（明显的）
It is apparent that + 句子（显然的）
例句：It is conceivable that with the rapid development in society and economy, competition is becoming increasingly fierce and acute.可想而知，随着社会经济的发展，竞争将更加剧烈。
二十、That is the reason why ~~~（那就是...的原因）
例句：It costs an astronomical sum of fund to lock up so many criminals and that’s the reason why imprisonment has imposed a great strain on the budget of a nation.把如此多的罪犯关押起来需要耗费大量资金，那就是为什么监禁已经大大增加了国家负担的原因。
二十一、For the past + 时间，S + 现在完成式...（过去...年来，...一直...）例句：For the past decade or so, practical courses, such as computer and business, have gained tremendous popularity on college campuses.过去十年来，实用性课程诸如电脑和商科在大学中普遍盛行。
二十二、Since + S + 过去式，S + 现在完成式。
例句：Since the advent of modern urbanization, people have been confronted with the dilemma whether or not they should demolish old houses and buildings that seem to have spoilt the cityscape.自从现代城市化的进程开始之后，人们一直面临着这样一种两难的境地：他们是否应该拆除那些是否有损市容的旧房屋和建筑物。
二十三、It pays to + V ~~~（...是值得的。）
例句：It pays to create a fair atmosphere in which both males and females cooperate and compete on an equal footing.创造一个让男女平等合作竞争的良好环境是值得的。
二十四、be based on（以...为基础）
例句：The progress of thee society is based on harmony.社会的进步是以和谐为基础的。
二十五、Spare no effort to + V（不遗余力的）
Developed nations should spare no effort to finance their economically disadvantaged counterparts.发达国家应该不遗余力地资助贫国。
二十六、bring home to + 人 + 事（让...明白...事）
例句：We should bring home to the masses the significance of space research.我们应该让人们明白太空研究的重要性所在。
二十七、be closely related to ~~（与...息息相关）
例句：Expanding population and influx of migrant workers are closely related to the problem.人口激增与外来民工大量涌入与交通问题息息相关。
二十八、There exists the possibility of + Ving(存在...的可能性)
There exists the possibility of wronging an innocent person
有可能冤枉无辜的人。
二十九、Due to/Owing to/Thanks to + N/Ving, ~~~（因为...）
例句： Thanks to coeducation system, benign competition and cooperation between male and female students are rightly encouraged.由于男女共校的教育体制，异性同学间的良性竞争和友好合作精神得到了发扬。
三
十、Only...can（只有...才能）
例句：Only in cities can children be well prepared for their future life and keep up with the trend of the world.只有在城市里孩子们才能为他们未来的生活作好准备并与世界趋势同步。三
十一、Leave much to be desired（令人不满意）
例句：The condition of our traffic leaves much to be desired.我们的交通状况令人不满意。
三
十二、Have(exert, impose)a great influence on ~~~（对...有很大的影响）例句：Quality of citizens has a great influence on a nation’s prosperity.国民的素质对于国家的繁荣有重大的影响。
三
十三、do good to（对...有益），do harm to（对...有害）
例句：Reading does good to our minds.读书对心灵有益。
Overwork does harm to health.工作过度对健康有害。
三
十四、Pose a great threat to ~~（对...造成一大威胁）
例句：abortion poses a great threat to both women’s physical and mental health.堕胎对于妇女的身心健康都会造成巨大威胁。
三
十五、do one‘s utmost to + V = do one‘s best（尽全力去...）
例句：schools should do their utmost to ensure the students’ sound growth.学校应尽全力去确保学生的健康成长
第三篇：学术论文写作
硕 士 研 究 生 学 术 报 告
心得体会
报告题目：学术论文写作
报告时间：2010年11月9日
2010年11月9日在信息楼529教室听取了段勇老师关于“学术论文写作”的报告。心得体会如下：
首先了解了国内外期刊的分类。
SCI(科学引文索引)、EI(工程索引)、ISTP(科技会议录索引)是世界著名的三大科技文献检索系统，是国际公认的进行科学统计与科学评价的主要检索工具,其中以SCI最为重要。《科学引文索引》(Science Citation Index, SCI)是由美国科学信息研究所(ISI)1961年创办出版的引文数据库，其覆盖生命科学、临床医学、物理化学、农业、生物、兽医学、工程技术等方面的综合性检索刊物，尤其能反映自然科学研究的学术水平，是目前国际上三大检索系统中最著名的一种，在学术界占有重要地位。许多国家和地区均以被SCI收录及引证的论文情况来作为评价学术水平的一个重要指标。从SCI的严格的选刊原则及严格的专家评审制度来看，它具有一定的客观性，较真实地反映了论文的水平和质量。根据SCI收录及被引证情况，可以从一个侧面反映学术水平的发展情况。
《工程索引》（The Engineering Index，简称EI）创刊于1884年，是美国工程信息公司(Engineering information Inc.)出版的著名工程技术类综合性检索工具。EI每月出版1期，文摘1.3万至1.4万条；每期附有主题索引与作者索引；每年还另外出版年卷本和索引，索引还增加了作者单位索引。出版形式有印刷版（期刊形式）、电子版（磁带）及缩微胶片。EI选用世界上工程技术类几十个国家和地区15个语种的3500余种期刊和1000余种会议录、科技报告、标准、图书等出版物。年报道文献量16万余条。收录文献几乎涉及工程技术各个领域
EI收录具有较高的学术水平的工程论文,不收录纯基础理论方面的论文。核心期刊是学术界通过一整套科学的方法，对于期刊质量进行跟踪评价，并以情报学理论为基础，将期刊进行分类定级，把最为重要的一级称之为核心期刊。
中文核心期刊。对中国(不含港、澳、台)出版的期刊中核心期刊的认定，目前国内比较权威的有两种版本。一是中国科技信息研究所(简称中信所)每年出一次的《中国科技期刊引证报告》(以下简称《引证报告》);另一种是北京大学图书
馆与北京高校图书馆期刊工作研究会联合编辑出版的《中文核心期刊要目总览》(以下简称《要目总览》)。《要目总览》不定期出版，1996 年出版了第二版，2000 版，2004年版。2008年版暂未出版。《要目总览》收编包括社会科学和自然科学等各种学科类别的中文期刊。其中对核心期刊的认定通过五项指标综合评估。《引证报告》统计源期刊的选取原则和《要目总览》核心期刊的认定各依据了不同的方法体系，所以二者界定的核心期刊(指科技类)不完全一致。
“国家级” 期刊，即由党中央、国务院及所属各部门，或中国科学院、中国社会科学院、各民主党派和全国性人民团体主办的期刊及国家一级专业学会主办的会刊。另外，刊物上明确标有“全国性期刊”，“核心期刊”字样的刊物也可视为国家级刊物。
学术期刊刊发的文献以学术论文为主，而非学术期刊刊发的文献则以文件、报道、讲话、体会、知识等只能作为学术研究的资料而不是论文的文章为主。由于《总览》选刊的依据是载文量多、收录量大和被引次数多，并不强调学术期刊与非学术期刊的界线，对此自然也就没有进行严格区分。
其次学习到了知道了学术论文的投稿基本注意事项
一篇论文好不好首先要看选题是不是前沿，有没有重复前人研究，或者前人研究过的，论文的序言部分是否有学术史的回顾。这是学术规范问题，高级别的刊物都比较讲究当然比较有名的核心期刊也讲这个。否则你投稿后外审，正好送给一个对你论文的内容有所研究的学者手中，一看你的学术史回顾没提他，肯定会把你的论文枪毙掉的。
论文写作方面，好的论文不仅资料丰富，观点严密，而且还从遣词造句中看出文笔特色来。这就需要多看高级别的刊物的论文，虽然比较长，但是洋洋洒洒，看完后有醍醐灌顶的感觉。不要光看内容，要看作者是怎么提出问题，分析问题，解决问题的。其实写论文和学武术一样，都是一招一式有章可循的，不是什么太费劲的事。结构可以学，但是文笔就要靠自己平时修炼了。
论文修改。我们都有这样的感觉，就是自己的论文写完后，总是难以挑出错误来。而别人一眼就能看出来。当然我们不能奢求总有人给你看文章，就是导师也没有那么多时间。所以最好文章写完后放一放，不要着急投出去。放一放，就会让我们能够比较冷静的看待自己的文章。而且在放的过程中还能继续发现新的资料和著作以充实我们的论文。所以修改几次，就相对完美一些。
杂志选择。投稿要有目的的投，不能盲目。如果看中某个刊物，先在中国知网上查找一下这个刊物这几年发表的论文，看看自己的论文是不是在发表的范围之类，否则投也是白投。
通过段勇老师对的讲解，我学到了很多的关于学术论文分类和写作方面的知识，我以后的论文的写作打下了基础。
第四篇：英文求职信写作指导
关于英文求职信，要注意以下几点，看看你的英文求职信是否符合以下要求？
1、Why am I passionate to take this job?
Since my graduation from a vocational high school, my passion has been with English.Though, my major was computer, I harbored no illusions about computers as a profession.Learning English has intrigued me into doing the job which I can deal with people in English.As a bar waiter onboard, I have always been more than just a waiter, because I am eager to share my knowledge with them.While some people take making more money for granted, I do not.I view my time on the cruise as an unparalleled opportunity to learn more about American culture and its language, but more importantly for the knowledge of a real China that I am able to provide to the American people.2、Why am I qualified?
It is my passion, potential and perseverance make me qualified.Since I started working at the age of 18, I have been immersing myself in learning English and dealing with American people.More or less, I have accumulated some experiences in Foreign Affairs.It is also the primary reason for me to work in the bar so that I can be with them all the time.During my years working at No.2 Foreign Language Middle School, I had volunteered everything I could to help our foreign teachers and the department of International Affairs, both during working hours and off-hours.As a man without any university credential, mostly self-taught through the years, I found myself having the potential to do it well.It will never be only a job for me, but my career.How could I retreat from the challenge of being a river guide before having a try?
3、What am I good at ? How does it work to help me with my future job?
I am good at dealing with Americans, that will absolutely help me with my job as a river guide, since most of our guests are from the US.I have a very strong learning ability and I work hard.American people admire those self-made man, so do Chinese.Self-Learning has showed my tremendous discipline, and it is a lifelong learning process at this fast-changing world.4、What is my weakness? How should I cope with it?
To be honest, I haven’t got 100% professional knowledge to be a river guide at this moment.However, I have been taking all means to get more about it.For instance, I’ve printed all the information I collected;I have the script of Yangtze lecture from our cruise manager;I have the books and DVDs about Yangtze, and I even ordered the book 《River Town》from the United States, etc.For sure, I will have known enough, by then, because I am starving to learn.5、Did I know anything about this job?
My two-year experience of being a bar waiter help me have a better understanding of this job.Being a river guide is mainly to assist the cruise manager and the assistant cruise manager of Viking.For example, instructor of Tai Chi in the morning, being at shore excursion, tutor of Mahjong class and Chinese lesson, updating the information board of the lobby every morning, interpreter for the doctor, daily broadcast, narration of the Gorges and Ship Lock whenever is needed and dealing with any contingencies onboard.All the things I listed above are what I have been expecting to do for a long time.In a hazy morning, at our final port of call, the Dam Site.A group of Americans and I were standing on the bow of the ship.A guest started asking me questions about our local culture, suddenly, I was surrounded by the rest of them.I answered questions concerning China one after another, and I couldn’t help but feeling like a guide at that time.When I got back to clean the bar, I was a bit of disappointed because I wanted the pleasure of being a “guide” to go on and on, through the lovely morning into the evening.I will never forget how happy I was when I got the tipping envelope with the words “Eric(Mahjong Teacher)” on it the second morning.I will never forget how exited I was when the guests awarded me the gratuity of 2 dollars, for I just told them that:“the final water level will parallel your vision though the roof of the Sun Deck”.I also will never forget how surprised they(who live close to Yale)were after I told them the relations between China and Yale.AUTHOR：好范文
第五篇：学术论文英文题名和英文摘要的写作
英文题名和英文摘要是学术类和技术类科技期刊论文的重要组成部分,是国际间传播、学术交流与合作的桥梁和媒介,有其特殊的意义和作用。好的英文题名和英文摘要对于增加期刊和论文的被检索和引用机会、吸引读者、扩大影响起着不可忽视的作用。为了帮助读者撰写论文英文题名和英文摘要,本文总结了英文题名和英文摘要的基本要求及注意事项,以给读者提供参考和指导。
一、论文题名
1.英文题名撰写的基本要求
题名应简明、具体、确切,能概括文章的主旨,符合编制题录、索引和检索的有关原则并有助于选择关键词和分类号。中文题名一般不超过20个汉字,必要时可加副题名。题名中应避免使用非公知公用的缩略语、字符、代号以及结构式和公式。英文题名的首字母及各个实词的首字母应大写。
2.英文题名撰写的注意事项
除了以上基本要求,我们在写英文题名时还应注意以下几个问题。
(1)英文题名的结构。英文题名以短语为主要形式,尤以名词短语最常见,即题名基本由一个或几个名词加上其前置和(或)后置定语构成。短语型题名要确定好中心词,再进行前后修饰,要注意采用正确的单词顺序,形容词应与其所修饰的名词紧密相邻。
(2)英文题名中的冠词有简化的趋势,凡可用可不用的冠词均可不用。英文题名开头第一个字不得用the, and, an和a。
(3)英文题名中的大小写有以下3种格式:全部字母大写;每个词的首字母大写,但3个或4个字母以下的冠词、连词、介词全部小写;题名第一个词的首字母大写,其余均小写。
(4)中英文题名的一致性。同一篇论文,其英文题名与中文题名内容上应一致,但不等于说词语要一一对应。在许多情况下,个别非实质性的词可以省略或变动。
总之,题名的用词十分重要,它直接关系到读者对文章的取舍态度,务必字字斟酌。
二、论文摘要
1.摘要的定义
摘要又称概要、内容提要。摘要是论文主体的高度浓缩,它应该能提炼论文的主要观点,简明地描述论文的内容和范围,简短地进行概括和总结。摘要能让读者尽快了解论文的主要内容,以补充题名的不足,并为科技情报文献检索数据库的建设和维护提供方便。
2.摘要撰写的基本要求和注意事项
(1)不得简单重复题名中已有的信息,切忌把引言中出现的内容写入摘要,不要照搬论文正文中的小标题或论文结论部分的文字,也不要对论文内容作诠释和评价。
(2)尽量采用文字叙述,不要将文中的数据罗列在摘要中;文字要简洁,应排除本学科领域已成为常识的内容,应删除无意义的或不必要的字眼;内容不宜展开论证说明,不要列举例证,不介绍研究过程。
(3)摘要的内容必须完整,不能把论文中所阐述的主要内容、观点遗漏,应写成一篇可以独立使用的短文。
(4)摘要一般不分段,切忌条列式书写法。陈述要客观,对研究过程、方法和成果等不宜做主观评价,也不宜与别人的研究作对比说明。
(5)用第三人称。建议采用“对……进行了研究”、“报告了……现状”、“进行了……调查”等记述方式标明文献的性质和文献主题,不必使用“本文”、“作者”等作为主语。
(6)要使用规范化的名词术语,不用非公知公用的符号和术语。一般不用数学公式和化学结构式,不出现插图、表格。
3.英文摘要撰写的注意事项
原则上,以上中文摘要编写的注意事项都适用于英文摘要,但英语有其自己的表达方式、语言习惯,在撰写英文摘要时应特别注意。
(1)英文摘要的时态。英文摘要时态的运用也以简练为佳,常用一般现在时、一般过去时,少用现在完成时、过去完成时,进行时态和其他复合时态基本不用。
(2)英文摘要的语态。一篇摘要很短,尽量不要随便混合使用语态,更不要在一个句子里混用。现在主张摘要中谓语动词尽量采用主动语态的越来越多,因其有助于文字清晰、简洁及表达有力。
(3)英文摘要的人称。原来摘要的首句多用第三人称this paper...等开头,现在倾向于用原形动词开头,如: to describe..., to investigate..., to study...等,行文时最好不用第一人称,以方便文摘刊物的编辑刊用。
4.英文摘要的常用句式
(1)回顾研究背景,常用的词汇有review, summarize, present, outline, describe等。(2)阐明写作或研究目的,常用的词汇有purpose, attempt, aim等。此外,还可以用动词不定式充当目的状语来表达。(3)介绍论文的重点内容或研究范围,常用的词汇有study, present, include, focus, emphasize, emphasis, attention等。(4)介绍研究或试验过程,常用的词汇有test, study, investigate, examine, experiment, discuss, consider, analyze, analysis等。(5)说明研究或试验方法,常用的词汇有measure, estimate, calculate等。(6)展示研究成果,常用的词汇有show, result, present等。(7)介绍结论,常用的词汇有summary, introduce, conclude等。(8)陈述论文的论点和作者的观点,常用的词汇有suggest, report, present, explain, expect, describe等。(9)阐明论证,常用的词汇有support, provide, indicate, identify, find, demonstrate, confirm, clarify等。(10)推荐和建议,常用的词汇有suggest, suggestion, recommend, recommendation, propose, necessity, necessary, expect等。
总之,在撰写英文题名和英文摘要时要做到准确、简洁、清楚,以便引起读者注意。除了解英文题名和英文摘要的基本要求和注意事项外,还需熟悉本行业术语的英文表达,扩大英语词汇量,掌握基本的英语语法规则,多看英文文献,提高英文写作及表达能力。
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