第一篇:2008年金融危机看法(英文版)
Financial Crisis
As we known,there was tremendous shake which impacted America finance,even the whole world,happening in 2008.The shake arose in America resulted in a financial crisis over the world.A number of companies were due to not hold the asset structure in the crisis,they had to declare bankruptcy.Causes of Financial Crisis
From my viewpoint,the blame for causing the financial crisis is the responsibilities of capitalists and regulators.On the hand,capitalists are tempted profits and aspire high-income
excessively.Therefore,large of financial corporations enrich the capital about
investments.Besides,they ignore the degree of risk increasingly.Then,when finance shake
erupted,these companies could’t have sufficient capitals and strong power to hold the entire firms stable.Thus,the corporations began bankrupting helplessly in the condition.On the other hand,it is one of main resons for the uselessness of regulators.As a regulator,you should be conscientious to deal every financial part.However,regulators is shortage of serious attitude and no coping with financial problems in time.Finally,when regulators realized financial crisis arising,they had not been able to stabilize the economic circumstance.Consequences of Financial Crisis
The financial condition faces the fierce impacts owing to great influence of the financial crisis.In the stock market,the Dow Jones stock market index and NASDAQ index have fallen 33.84 percents and 40.54 percents since the end of 2008.In addition,stock markets over the world are affected in varying degree,such as Chinese stock market,European stock market,Hong Kong stock market and so on.In the finance,a great deal of firms invest various risk investment and decrease floating capital.Their leverages start losing the balance,hence they is weak and useless for facing the effect of financial crisis.Their endings are none but bankruptcies.For example,Lehman Brother and Washington Mutual both declare bankruptcies.In the international trade,Chinese has the mostsubstantial effects in the financial crisis.In China,many oversea trading companies having no profits or bankrupting are due to the decrease of exports which Europe and the United States need.Up to now,lots of Chinese companies on the coasts don’t still walk away from the effect of financial crisis.Inside Job
This part is a shadow where there are briberies between companies and regulators.Most of all investors consulted the quality rating before they want to invest.So,it is a key for financing whether the firm owns the level of AA,even AAA.It results that many corporations achieve the high degree from regulators by bribery.As some regulators are greedy,there are so much the fake level of double A and treble A.It is a said that inside job is the most important reason about bringing the financial crisis.Introspection
Form my perspective,the government should enhance supervision and control the assessment of quality rating strictly.Only the economic environment is transparent and stable,the development ofeconomic is healthy and moderate.2013/09/29
黄扬 20112211011001
第二篇:金融危机的原因 英文
美国金融危机原因(B)
The recent upheaval in the financial sector has some people in a panic, most people bewildered, and others busy aiming their pointer fingers at whomever they think is guilty of doing something that contributed to this problem.The presidential candidates are in the latter category.They aren’t quite sure what to do or what to say, but that doesn’t stop them from saying something, anyway.John McCain made a decisive statement, attempting to show leadership, but his statement was not a very
smart one.Barack Obama, by contrast, simply blamed Republicans.Few things are as simple as politicians make them seem in an election year.Political candidates succeed by issuing pointed statements that are easy to understand and that connect with voters;truth and accuracy are not the primary concerns.The important thing right now is to figure out what
actually happened in the financial sector, and fix things so it can’t happen again.We must ignore the
tremendous amount of speculation about what “might” happen, and the doom andgloomsoothsayerswho tell us that the sky is falling or that the end of the world drawethnye.Because of its complexity the current financial situation invites simple political messages that connect with voters;it does notlenditself to full explanations that illuminate.So, when Sen.Obama says that “it’s the
Republicans’ fault,” he is expressing a simple idea that a lot of people buy into, but doesn’t explain anything.It is a sillyoversimplificationunworthy of a man who would be President.It appeals to emotional prejudices and ignores inconvenient realities, and most important of all, it is just plain wrong.When Sen.McCain suggested that Securities and
Exchange Commission head Christopher Cox didn’t do his job, and if he were president he would fire Mr.Cox, the Senator didn’t offer specifics.We’ll know more
about Mr.Cox’s role as time passes and we learn more
of the details, and can then judge if Mr.McCain’s simple message to voters about firing Chris Cox was a proper evaluation of the situation.Sen.Obama described the currentagonyas “the most serious financial crisis since the Great
Depression,” ignoring all the recessions since then, even the ones in the 80s and the one following the 9-11 attacks, botharguablymore serious crises.Of course, it remains to be seen just how serious this problem will ultimately be, but given Mr.Obama’s
abysmalunderstanding of things economic, we would do well to take hisprognosticationswith agrainof salt.The root of this problem is the housing market’s
subprime loan crisis.A subprime loan is a loan made to someone who under normal circumstances would not qualify for a loan, based upon their income and their ability to make payments.Thatbegthe question: Why would a bank make a loan to someone it believes is unable to make the payments?
The Community Reinvestment Act(CRA)was given life during the Carter administration, andempowersfour federal financial supervisory agencies to oversee the performance of financial institutions in meeting the credit needs of their entire community, including low-and moderate-income neighborhoods.Whenever an institution wants to make virtually any change in its business operation, such asmergingor opening up a new branch, or getting into a new line of business, it must first prove toregulatorsat it has made ample loans to the government's preferred borrowers, those in low-and middle-income neighborhoods who normally would not qualify for a loan.Lenders with low ratings can befined by the government.The Carter administration used tax dollars to fund numerous ”community groups" that helped the governmentenforcethe CRA by filing petitions
against banks whose “cooperativeness” didn’t measure up, and sometimes stopping their efforts to expand their operations.Banks responded by giving money to
the community groups and by making more loans.One of those organizations was the Association of
Community Organizations for Reform Now(ACORN).An active associate of ACORN in the 90s was a young public-interestattorneynamed Barack Obama.So, starting in 1977 the federal government began “encouraging”—perhaps “strong-arming” is a more accurateterm—banks to make loans to people to whom they normally would not make a loan, and in 1995 the Clinton administration pushed through
revisions to the CRA that substantially increased the number and amount of these loans.All of the bad loans weren’t caused by the CRA, of
course, but billions of dollars in CRA loans did go bad, as should have been expected.When Fannie Mae and
Freddie Mac came along and made it possible for banks to escape the risk associated with theseill-advised loans, conditions were just right for a large portion of the banking industry, even institutions that did not fall under the CRA, to become involved in making loans to
unqualified borrowers, and banks participated in big numbers.The federal government’s fingerprints are all over this crisis, and the Democrats who are today so righteously indignantand blaming the administration are at least as guilty as the Republicans.
第三篇:我个人对金融危机的看法小结
作为英语专业的学生,我们应了解金融危机对企业运营影响的具体情况。因此我们外语与经贸学院07级应用英语专业的学生利用停课一周来完成此次的市场调研任务。这次是分组进行的。我们组有15个人,组长先给我们分配了组任务,这是总任务,因此要组员相互合作完成。不过这次任务是在完成各自的任务后再来完成的。于是,就开始了我们各自的任务每人两份问卷调查。
从8;30分出发,来到了灵桥广场写字楼。写字楼里的有很多家,大多是一些小型企业。我们先按组里的资料找到了一家外企,可惜门是关着的。于是在那一层楼找其他的公司,发现了几家外企。例如一些国际贸易公司、货运代理公司。但那些公司都谢绝推销,因此还没等我们走到里面就把我们拒之门外了。大概是怕自己公司的资料被泄露出去吧,所以他们都不愿做这份问卷调查。比如有些公司名称是关于外贸方面的,却以不是外贸企业为由拒绝做市场调查。又有些公司先是看了一下问卷,就说了一句怎么那么多啊,可我们很忙啊。于是,在我们的极力恳求下,才填了几份。不过也还是有一些公司很乐意配合我们完成了这次的任务。
从这份调研活动中获得的信息来看,大多数公司都因金融危机受到了极大的影响。他们中有的采取减量,也有的采取保持现状。然而,也有一些公司没受到什么影响。比如一些钢铁业的,他们采取继续扩大规模,招聘一些专业性人才。但在近两年之内可能不需要外贸专业的人才了。他们强调说,最重要的是会做生意,有很好的沟通能力。所以,以凭职业资格证书也不是他们聘用员工的标准了。当然还是有一些企业比较看重证书之类的作为衡量应聘者的重要标准。他们要求英语水平在专业八级,还得会其他的语种,例如西班牙语、德语、日语&
综合这次的调研结果,结合我们所学的专业课程,我觉得应增加一些其他专业的课程,如、学、市场营销等。就自身专业课程而言,我觉得应增加商务谈判、商务英语翻译之类的课程。而我们这学期的口语课程让我觉得没学到什么。既没提高听的能力,也没提高说的能力,而本学期的英语阅读课程对考级阅读能力是有所帮助,为了使我们更了解所学的专业,应增加商务类的阅读课程。因为金融危机对社会经济的影响并不是一两年就会恢复的,所以作为大二学生,再过一年就要了,应该对未来有所打算。我们很有可能不会从事所学专业的工作,所以在学好本门专业的同时能学会其他技能,对社会上缺少的那些专业有所了解,并尝试学会这些技能,也许现在的决定正是你今后路下的石子。而这石子一点点积累后,就变成了一条路。
就像鲁迅先生说的世上本没有路,走的人多了,也便成了路。
第四篇:金融危机影响下劳动关系思考看法
自去年以来,国际金融危机席卷了全世界,对我国经济也产生了严重的影响,企业经营困难,中小企业倒闭,一些企业主和经济学界的人士把矛头对准了《劳动法》和《劳动合同法》,要求修改甚至废止《劳动合同法》的呼声越来越高。面对当前严峻复杂的国内外经济形势,如何处理当前的劳动关系问题,的确值得认真思考,提出可行的应对之策。
一、当前不必也不可修改《劳动合同法》
面对金融危机的威逼,自去年下半年始,特别是全国两会召开前后,不少企业界的人大代表和政协委员已作了充分的准备,提出要废止或修改《劳动合同法》,同时在媒体上发起了攻势。各方面对《劳动合同法》的诟病,归纳起来无非以下几点:一是认为《劳动合同法》增加了企业负担,主要是最低工资标准、加班工资、解雇补贴、社会保险费用等。二是认为增加了劳动关系的刚性约束,企业不能随意解雇工人。三是《劳动合同法》以保护职工为立法宗旨,加强了法律对职工权益的保护,雇主感觉自己也成了弱势群众。因此,要求对《劳动合同法》进行修改以及暂缓执行部分条例,至少减轻执行力度,以帮助企业和劳动者共渡难关。
(一)《劳动合同法》不必修改。
首先,《劳动合同法》是否增加了企业负担,导致了大批企业倒闭?《劳动合同法》会增加企业的用人成本,这是支持和反对《劳动合同法》的人都承认的,只是对此有不同的解释。支持者认为增加的成本不太,且是企业应该负担的成本,有的不过是企业的违法成本。同时,当下大量的企业倒闭也不是实施《劳动合同法》的结果,而是国际金融危机的结果。从实际情况来看,若说一个企业因实施《劳动合同法》就倒闭了,只能说这个企业的经营管理本来就有问题了,没有《劳动合同法》它迟早也会倒闭。从现实的情况看,一些企业巨大的亏损并非实施《劳动合同法》导致的,而是由其产品结构、生产技术、市场状况决定的。
其次,《劳动合同法》是否增加了劳动关系的刚性约束,使得企业不能随意解雇工人。自《劳动合同法》实施以来,一些地方的劳动争议增加,也只不过是对过去企业违法行为的纠错反应,并非《劳动合同法》引发了劳资争议。如果要说《劳动合同法》对企业要求严,只不过是对过去而言,对无法可依或有法不依而言。若以此原因提出来要修改《劳动合同法》,缺乏足够的理由。如果对自己不利的法律就要求暂缓执行,对自己不利的法律就要求修改,我们何谈法治社会,何谈公平正义,何谈合作共赢。就这一点而言,《劳动合同法》对劳动关系的约束,本来就没有错。
最后,《劳动合同法》是否只保护劳动者利益,企业反而成了弱势方。如果企业雇主认识到了《劳动合同法》是保护劳动者利益,还真是一个进步。保护劳动者利益的,是《劳动合同法》的立法宗旨,也是劳动合同立法的本质所在。如果说《劳动合同法》要同时保护劳动者和企业的利益,那就不合法理了。自有社会立法和劳动立法以来,劳动立法就是为了纠正劳资关系中劳弱资强的状况而存在的,若不如此,就不叫劳动立法了。更何况,劳动合同立法同时也是规范劳动关系双方权利义务的法律,对用人一方的利益也给予了足够的保护。这在我国的《劳动合同法》及其实施条例中有充分的体现。企业的利益,有各种投资法、民商法、物权法所保障,其法律体系之完备,执行力度之大,是《劳动合同法》所不及的。若要把《劳动合同法》修改成《劳资两利法》,不是不可,但实际情况可能只会利资而不会利劳,最终结果是劳资两不利,两败俱伤。就此而言,现在修改《劳动合同法》也是不合适的。
(二)《劳动合同法》不可修改。
《劳动合同法》不可修改是基于没有可能性。法律不是不可修改或废止,但一要看其是否有必要;二是要看时期是否成熟。从现实情况看,目前要修改《劳动合同法》等相关的法律规定,绝非易事。首先,无论是《劳动法》还是《劳动合同法》,我们且不论立法是否超前、规定是否合理,但一般而言,法律一经制定,如果没有严重、明显的缺陷,总不是可以朝令夕改的。其次,《劳动法》和《劳动合同法》的制定,不是一朝一夕之功,而是经过长期的准备、充分的酝酿、广泛征求意见,是各种力量相互博弈的结果。若某种社会势力要在短时间内人为地打破这种平衡,当事的各方能否接受,值得考量。其三,劳动法律是调整劳动关系的法律,涉及到劳资双方的利益,难得做到劳资双方都绝对满意。从劳动立法史和立法宗旨来看,劳动立法本来就应更多地考虑劳动者的利益。若法律一经实施,资方不满意就提出来修改法律,一是法律的严肃性会扫地而尽;二是受到损害的另一方也会奋起反击。说到底,这可能是一个冤冤相报、两败俱伤的过程和结果。其四,在金融危机的影响下,不光是企业受到冲击,经营困难,劳动者在本来就是弱势群体的基础上,又雪上加霜,经受的压力更大。如果轻
易修改《劳动法》、《劳动合同法》使之更有利于企业,劳动者的境遇将会更差,其后果又会怎样,我们不难设想。最后,在现今的条件和形势下,修改《劳动法》和《劳动合同法》是不合时宜的。因为我国的《劳动法》和《劳动合同法》对劳动标准和劳动关系的相关规定,从总体上讲并没有超出客观条件的要求和国际上的一般水准。社会上盛传的劳动标准过高、劳动关系刚
性化只是相对于过去的低标准而言的。现在正处于国际金融危机的影响下,大量农民工失业返乡,就业困难。若此时修改这些法律,放松政府对劳动关系的管理,必定会引起更大一波的解雇风潮,社会稳定问题将成大患。更不妥的是,提出修改要求的人大代表、政协委员大多是企业界的人士或与企业界联系密切的人士,会增加劳动者的被剥夺感,引起社会阶层之间的对立情绪。
二、集体协商是解决目前劳动法律困境的出路
两会期间,有关方面负责人已明确表示,全国人大不会修改《劳动合同法》,并对《劳动合同法》实施以来所取得的成就给予了充分的肯定。《劳动合同法》实施以来经受了实践的考验,法律本身不会因金融危机而修改。虽然有金融危机影响,因为有了《劳动合同法》这样的法律保障,我们的劳动关系基本上还是稳定有序的,应该说这部法律经受住了实践的检验,是经得住时间的检验的。从此可以看出,至少有三点是明确的:一是当前企业遇到的危机不是实施《劳动合同法》的结果;二是当前全国人大没有因金融危机的影响而有修改《劳动合同法》的打算;三是金融危机形势下实施《劳动合同法》的具体问题可以通过落实《<劳动合同法)的实施条例》等办法来解决。
至于《劳动法》和《劳动合同法》存在的瑕疵,我们还是有补救的办法,以走出当下贯彻落实法律中的困境。
(一)集体协商是一个灵活实用的方法。
不管是《劳动法》还是《劳动合同法》,都有劳动关系双方集体协商谈判、签订集体合同的规定。劳资协商谈判正是国际上通行的处理劳资矛盾的基本方法。在不违反《劳动法》和《劳动合同法》基本原则和基本精神的前提下,对《劳动法》和《劳动合同法》实施中的具体问题,可以通过劳资双方协商谈判来解决,这要比动不动就来修改法律要好得多,也符合市场条件下的劳动关系双方协商自愿原则。
当前的经济形势的确对企业的经营和发展造成了较大的影响,不少企业遇到了比较严重的困难,需要在劳动关系上作一些调整,如企业遭遇到了资金困难,会对职工的工资发放、有关经济补偿金的支付产生一定影响等等。但这些问题并非一定要通过修改劳动法律才能解决。可以在法律精神的指导下,在法律的框架范围内,通过劳资双方协商谈判去解决。只要是劳动关系双方根据各自真实的意愿达成有关协议的,有关方面就可以认可。
(二)“共同约定行动”是一种有效可行的方式。
在不修改法律的前提下,为共同应对当前的危机,对于部分人大代表、政协委员提出的要在《劳动合同法》增加“艰难时期条款”,我倒认为是一个值得探讨的办法。不过,“艰难时期条款”并不必写进《劳动合同法》。据我所知,所谓“艰难时期条款”是德国上世纪90年代后期劳资关系妥协的结果,并非国家立法的结果。如前所述,只要符合劳动法律法规的规定和要求,当前各种劳动关系问题都可以通过集体协商谈判、签订集体劳动契约来解决,我国的劳动法律法规也留有这样的空间。最近全国总工会在企业推动“共同约定行动”,是一个劳资双方共同努力应对金融危机的积极举措和有益尝试,是一种很好的形式。在今天我们面对国际金融危机影响的大局下,如果劳资双方能够真正坐在一起平等协商谈判,采取共同约定行动,那确是一件好事,对推动我国协调劳动关系的制度创新,加强劳资合作,其意义不会亚于一部法律的诞生,更胜于修改一部法律。
(三)各方面共同努力是具体实施的关键。
在特殊时期发挥劳动关系双方集体协商和集体协议的特殊作用,关键的问题是需要各方的共同努力。过去很多企业不把职工代表或者工会当回事,从来不把他们当作平等的协商谈判主体。工会方面也往往知难而退,不去碰这个钉子。那么,在面对国际金融危机的局面下,两者应该可以合作谋大局。企业与其去谋求修改法律,还不如自己救自己,放下架子,与职工、与工会去协商谈判解决企业面临的问题。这可能才是正确的选择,不要总希望通过剥夺别人的权利来壮大自己。只要企业真心对待职工,讲清道理,明辨事理,职工就会支持企业、与企业共渡难关,共克时艰。职工也要有这个大局意识,理性计算得失,关心企业的生存与发展。工会在这个过程中应发挥积极的作用,要把它真正抓好、抓实,不要成了形式主义的东西,或者是失去了工会和职工的立场。作为国家立法部门和政府来讲,不用天天受各种利益左右去考虑修改法律,但可以为劳资双方协商谈判解决问题创造一些必要的条件,如授权在特殊时期对劳资双方协商结果的认可等等。
(四)企业应对金融危机不能只盯着《劳动合同法》。
国际金融危机爆发后,一些企业经营困难,从一开始就把原因完全算到实施《劳动合同法》的头上,有失偏颇。企业不应该把救企业的希望都寄托在修改《劳动合同法》上。从宏观层面来看,国家可以通过调整税收政策给企业尤其是中小企业以支持;可以通过给企业以工资补贴的形式降低企业的用工成本,这是不少国家应对金融危机都已采取的措施;可以通过加大劳动就业投入,鼓励企业减少裁员,留厂开展职业技能培训;还可以通过财政支持,引导企业调整产业结构,转型升级,走出困境。从微观层面来看,企业可以在加强管理、节约成本、技术进步、改革创新、调整结构、调动职工积极性等方面下功夫,想办法,提高企业经济效益。总之,这些方法应该比修改《劳动合同法》来得更实在、更有效、更快捷。
三、越是困难时期越要选择正确的劳动关系政策
《劳动合同法》的实施,对企业的用工无疑是一种制约,不管有没有国际金融危机的影响,一些企业都会有抵触情绪。企业和相关人士在金融危机下要求修改《劳动合同法》,只不过是表象。这其中暗含了强资本弱劳动的逻辑,真正的意图是要以此来改变我国劳动关系政策和社会立法的走向。
(一)必须选择适合中国国情的劳动关系政策。
一个社会选择什么样的劳动关系政策,就会形成什么性质的劳动关系,最后也会产生什么样的社会后果。比如是冲突,还是合作。改革开放30年来,我们建立了社会主义市场经济体制,然而,我们也无法回避市场经济中的劳动关系问题。长期以来,资本受到偏爱和追捧,在劳资关系中越来越呈现出强势地位;相比之下,劳动者的合法权益得不到有效维护,劳资争议激剧上升,集体争议事件逐年增长,这已是有目共睹的不争事实。与此同时,一方面是工会的维权尚难以满足劳动者的广泛需求;另一方面,劳动者要求维权的呼声越来越高,有的甚至采取各种极端的方式来争取自己的权利。我国的劳动关系已到了一个集中爆发的阶段。面对这样一种局势,我们是“堵”还是“疏”,是“压”还是“抚”,都面临着选择。
马克思曾经说过,人们所奋斗的一切,都与他们的利益有关。如果社会缺乏基本的公平公正,劳动者利益得不到起码的尊重和维护,劳动关系和社会就不会稳定。改革开放以来,从90年代的国有企业职工失业、下岗分流,到本世纪初以来越来越严重的农民工问题,再到当前金融危机影响下的职工权益保障,我国的劳资纠纷数量迅速攀升,规模不断扩大,性质更为复杂,劳动关系明显呈激化之势,劳动关系问题已越来越成为我国社会发展中无法绕过去的坎。如果我们对此没有清醒的认识,就会重蹈西方国家经历激烈的劳资冲突而不断引发社会对抗的覆辙。在全力以赴应对当前国际金融危机影响的局势下,对有关人士提出的降低劳工标准的建议,我们必须谨慎对待,切不可轻率实施。在中国,必须走合作和谐的劳动关系发展道路。
(二)加强劳动关系合作才能建立信任、提振信心。
温家宝总理在两会期间说,要通过暖人心来暖经济,信心比黄金更重要。面对危机和困难,采取何种应对的措施,各方面的人都有不同的考量。一部分企业主动承担起社会责任,承诺不减员、不拖欠职工工资,依靠员工共渡难关,赢得了社会普遍的赞誉。但同时,一些人也开出了取消最低工资标准、取消无固定期限劳动合同、暂停带薪休假等降低劳工标准的救世药方。这些建议大多是以要求劳动者放弃相应的法定权利作为代价的。事实上,在当前严峻的经济形势下,降低劳工标准可能使部分企业获得一时之利,但从长远和社会角度看,只能是得不偿失。首先,会进一步降低城乡居民收入,减少社会消费,进而在就业、收入、消费、生产上形成恶性循环,削弱劳动者对经济发展的信心。其次,会进一步加剧和激化各种社会矛盾,引发和扩大社会冲突,减弱劳动者对政府和社会的信任。
上个世纪30年代美国处理劳工关系的做法和经验能给我们一些启迪或是启示。1933年3月4日,罗斯福在全球经济危机中当上美国总统后开始实施“新政”。“新政”的重要内容之一,就是调整劳工政策。随着《全国工业复兴法》的出台,与此相配套的涉及工会、劳工保护、最高工时和最低工资标准、职业介绍、团体契约等一系列调整劳工关系的法规也逐一出台。同时,还成立了国家劳工关系委员会,作为调整劳工关系的协调机构。1935年又制定了美国历史上著名的包括社会保险、公共救助、儿童福利等内容的《社会安全法案》和《国家劳工关系法》。前者是美国联邦政府第一次实施的全国性社会保障立法,后者则是美国劳工立法的基本法律之一。到1938年,又先后制定了《工资法》、《加班法》、《公平劳动基准法》等维护劳工权益的一系列法律。这一系列劳工立法,促进了劳工关系的稳定,加深了劳资双方的互信,加强了社会各阶层之间的谅解与合作。其在当时美国经济萧条情况下给民众带来的信心,在社会不同群体中所创造的信任,对扭转危局所起的作用,是有目共睹的。因此,在当前的金融危机局势下,我们一是要靠信任,加强企业、职工和政府间的团结与合作;二是要靠信心,充分凝聚、调动和发挥好各方面的积极性。只有有了信任和信心,我们才有可能直面危机和挑战,这是战胜困难的前提。
(三)战胜金融危机还要靠调动劳动者的积极性。
中国企业最主要的问题就是企业和员工之间缺乏必要的、有效的、长期的信任,企业只是把劳动者当作企业外部的因素,而不是企业利益共同体的有机组成部分,所以企业与员工之间缺乏信任,劳动者对企业也没有信心。企业与员工的关系处于这种状态下,既便是正常情况下企业都难以搞好,更何况要面对国际金融危机的冲击。如果企业和劳动者之间有了足够的信任,企业即便因经营困难真的要减薪、裁员,劳动者也会理解、支持。那些因减薪、裁员闹出群体性事件或重大社会事件的企业,无不是管理不规范,对劳动者使用欺诈、打压等手段的企业。
就我国当前市场经济发展的情况看,劳动力是一种相对过剩的资源,但从长远看,劳动者的劳动积极性无疑是一种稀缺资源,将直接影响企业的经营成果和健康发展。当企业中劳动者的积极性高的时候,劳动者的行为会促进企业效益的增长,反之,则引起企业效益的下降。现代企业是一个法人实体,一旦获得永续的法律生命,就只能在利益相关者的诸多目标之间不断调和,以追求自身的生存与发展。企业无非是股东、债权人、经理人员及雇员等利益相关者的共同体。企业要渡过当前的国际金融危机,需要企业内外部各种因素的共同努力,这其中,员工是决定性的因素之一,只有企业的员工,包括其中的主体——劳动者的劳动才是活的东西,才能真正承担所谓的责任。在企业处在危机的时刻,员工并非只是企业的负担,同时也是企业的资源,是战胜危机的力量。企业的普通员工在企业遇到困难之时,至少可发挥三个方面的积极作用。第一,能理解企业的处境和困难,积极支持企业采取措施应对危机;第二,会更加努力地工作,为企业多作贡献,多出效益;第三,会为企业利益着想,节约成本,降低消耗,革新技术,提高企业竞争力。但是,这些积极作用发挥的前提条件仍然且必须是,企业对员工要有足够的信任,这样员工才会对企业有足够的信心。
第五篇:对圣诞节看法 英文作文
Chinese name:张凡
English name:Angela
Student number:1205020098
December 15, 2014
Merry Christmas Among many traditional western holidays, Christmas is the holiday I enjoy and like most.Christmas is one of the most beautiful holidays of all time.It is the day when God ’s son was born on earth.Hence, this day is sacred for all Christians around the world.Due to the integration of Eastern and Western culture, it has become a worldwide festival.Christmas celebrations can vary markedly from country to country.For many Christians, a religious service plays an important part in there cognition of the season.The Christmas season gives rise to a number of Christmas traditions that come along such as preparing Christmas cake, sending gifts to loved ones, decorating the Christmas tree, lighting up the Christmas candle, singing Christmas carols, making of Cribs, making of Cribs and distributing Christmas candies.These are celebrated with zest and enthusiasm worldwide for centuries.Secular processions, featuring Santa Claus and other seasonal figures are often held.Family reunions and the exchange of gifts are a widespread feature of the season, and this is the way Chinese enjoy Christmas.One of the dominant themes of Christmas is happiness, and that is why I like Christmas most.The memories about Christmas for me was always full of happiness.It occurs to me that the Christmas I spent with my family.Almost every Christmas, my parents would accompany me and my brother to go out and eat fast food or at restaurants.When I was a little girl, on Christmas Eve, my parents bought a Christmas hat to me, then we went to church and I got the candies from Santa Claus.At that time, my parents held my little hand, and we walked on the crowded street with twinkling Christmas lights.That was my first Christmas, happy and romantic.On Christmas Eve, the street shops front donned beautiful Christmas trees, playing Christmas songs, and supermarket employee also wore a lovely Christmas hat.Snows time was more attractive, and everywhere was fluttering the snowflake, fell on people’s body.Everyone on the streets were happy and excited even crazy, smiling, praying.People, especially young man, enjoyed themselves at the accompany of their families or friends in this carnival.Joy and peace of Christmas were with everyone.I always enjoyed this kind of romantic atmosphere greatly.If I had to say something I don’t like about Christmas is that it has become too commercialized and the true meaning of Christmas is gradually disappearing.With a highly commercialized and non-religious affairs, lots of money is spent annually on decoration, diners and gifts.Some young people have become disillusioned with how commercialized Christmas has become.While I do say, although greatly commercialized, like the modern Santa Claus it still embodies Saint Nicholas’ s generosity and love for children.And for some, he still points to the Nativity of the babe in the manger, and reminds us of the reason we celebrate Christmas.So like someone said, Christmas is only as commercial as you make it.You choose what Christmas means to you.All in all, Christmas is for gaiety, mirth, song, and for good and wondrous gifts.But mostly, Christmas is for love.To understand the real meaning of Christmas, to find the genuine Christmas spirit and to remember it is a season of families getting together, giving, and good cheer.Merry Christmas.(564 words)