英美概况考试复习要点及练习一（模版）

第一篇：英美概况考试复习要点及练习一（模版）

1.Union Jack—is the name of British national flag.The color blue is the background and its

elementary color.The crosses refer to the unity of this nation by means of religion.2.British Isles, the UK, Great Britain

3.Names for the Country: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.4.Four political divisions:England，Scotland，Northern Ireland ,Wales.5.Thames: the most important river, the second largest

6.Lake District, the “Lake Poets”

7.Ben Nevis is the Highest mountain(1344 m)

8.The longest river in Uk：The Severn River--335km

9.Northern Ireland, Lake Neagh ,the largest lake

10.Topography:

The north and west---highlands.The east and southeast---lowlands

11.Climate:

Main characteristics:

Temperate, mild, with warm summers, cold winters and plenty rainfall

12.Major cities, the capital city

13.Population: the third-largest in the European Union(behind Germany and France)

14.History of the English Language

15.Standard English also called as Queen’s English or BBC English

16.Roman invasion of Britain

17.the Roman contribution

18.The Anglo-Saxons

19.Witan, the Privy Council

20.The Viking and Danish Invasions

21.Alfred the Great

22.The Norman Conquest(1066)

23.Norman Rule

24.Henry II’s reform the courts and the law

25.The Great Charter, The Beginning of Parliament

26.Effect of the Black Death

27.Wars of Roses

28.Elizabeth I

29.Characteristics of The English Renaissance

30.The Civil Wars

31.The Bill of Rights

32.The Chartist Movement

Read the following unfinished statements or questions carefully.For each unfinished statement or question four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D are given.Choose the one you think best completes the statements or answers the question.1.The United Kingdom is located in ____.A.northern EuropeB.western Europe

C.northwestern EuropeD.southeastern Europe

2.The two large islands that make up the British Isles are ____.A.Scotland and Ireland B.Britain and Scotland C.Great Britain and Northern Ireland D.Great Britain and Ireland

3.The British Empire was replaced by the British Commonwealth or the

Commonwealth of Nations in ____.A.1921B.1931

C.1945D.1950

4.The Commonwealth of Nations is an association of independent countries

____.A.that were once colonies of Britain

B.that have a large number of British immigrants

C.that have close relations with Britain

D.that have fought on the side of Britain in the two world wars

5.The English Channel separates the island of Great Britain from ____.A.DenmarkB.Belgium

C.FranceD.the Netherlands

6.England has three main land regions.They are the Southwestern Plateau,the Pennines, and ___.A.the Eastern PlainB.the Highland

C.the Central LowlandsD.the Southern Uplands 7.Scotland occupies the ____ third of the island of Great Britain in the British Isles.A.southernB.northern

C.easternD.western

8.Northern Ireland, which takes up the northern fifth of Ireland, is a

fourth political division of ____.A.the United KingdomB.Ireland

C.ScotlandD.Wales

9.Britain’s longest rivers are ____.A.the Severn and the ClydeB.the Thames and the Clyde

C.the Clyde and the HumberD.the Severn and the Thames

10.The largest lake in the British Isles is ____.A.Loch LomondB.Loch Neagh

C.WindermereD.Ullswater

11.Britain’s climate is influenced by____, a warm ocean current that passes

the western coast of the British Isles and warms them.A.the North Atlantic DriftB.the Brazil Current

C.the Labrador CurrentD.the Falkland Current

12.The English people and the English language were born from the union

of ____.A.the Angles and the Saxons

B.Germanic conquerors and the Norman French

C.Danes or Vikings and the Norman French

D.Norman conquerors and the defeated Anglo-Saxons 13.Generally speaking the English southerners speak the type of English closer to ____.A.the CockneyB.the Queen’s English

C.the GaelicD.the BBC English

14.Although Wales has been united with England for more than 400 years, the

Welsh has kept alive ____.A.their own languageB.their own literature

C.their own traditionD.All of the above

15.The Eisteddfod is a(n)____ festival of poetry, music and other arts.A.EnglishB.Scottish

C.WelshD.Irish

16.Nowadays the Gaelic language, which is an ancient____, is still heard in

the Highlands and the Western Isles.A.Scottish languageB.English language

C.Irish languageD.Celtic language

17.Many Scottish names begin with M’, Mc or Mac, which means__

A.father ofB.sun of

C.son ofD.some of

18.In Northern Ireland ____ make up the dominant group.A.Roman CatholicsB.English Protestants C.non-religious peopleD.Jewish people 19.Northern Ireland is small, but it is significant because of the__ A.the economic problemsB.the political troubles

C.the immigration issuesD.the national identity

20.About three million people have migrated to Britain since World War ll.They are mainly from the West Indies, India and____.A.IndonesiaB.Singapore

C.Hong KongD.Pakistan

key 1.C2.D3.B4.A5.C6.A7.B8.A9.D10.B 1l.A

12.D13.Dl4.D15.C16.D17.C18.B19.B20.D

1.What are the factors which influence the climate in Britain？

2.Why was the Roman influence on Britain so limited?

3.What are the consequences of the Norman Conquest?

4.Why to say “British history has been a history of invasion”? Illustrate this point with

examples.5.How did each of the invasions influence English culture?

Read the following unfinished statements or questions carefully.For each

unfinished statement or question four suggested answers marked A, B, C and

D are given.Choose the one you think best completes the statements or

answers the question.1.The first known settlers of Britain were the ____.A.CeltsB.Iberians C.Beaker FolkD.Romans 2.The Celts' religion was ____.A.BuddhismB.Islam

C.DruidismD.Christianity

3.Roman control was only effective in ____.A.ScotlandB.Wales

C.LondonD.The southeast of Britain

4.Christianity was first brought to England by the ____.A.RomansB.Celts

C.Anglo-SaxonsD.Danes

5.The Romans remained in control of Britain for nearly 400 years and theypulled out in ____.A.306 ADB.410 AD

C.446 ADD.1066 AD

6.Which of the following tribes came to Britain first?

A.The Angles.B.The Saxons.C.The Gaels.D.The Jutes.7.____ became the first real king of England, though he did not assume that

style.A.OffaB.Egbert C.VortigernD.Hengist 8.____ became the first Archbishop of Canterbury.A.ColumbaB.Ethelbert

C.St.AugustineD.Egbert

9.The Vikings began to attack various parts of England from the end of the____century.A.7thB.8th

C.9thD.10th

10.Who were the ancestors of the English and the founders of England?

A.The Anglo-Saxons.B.The Normans.C.The Vikings.D.The Romans

11.Which of the following statements is NOT true?

A.Alfred the Great started the English navy.B.Alfred the Great reorganized the Saxon any, making it more

efficient.C.Alfred the Great established schools and formulated a legal System.D.Alfred the Great impose a tax, called the Danegeld, on the Saxons.12.Which of the following statements is NOT true?

A.Canute was chosen by the Witan as king of England.B.Canute was a warrior king and fought many battles against the

Normans.C.Canute divided power between Danes and Saxons.D.Canute forced Malcolm II, king of the Scots, to recognize him as

overlord.13.Which of the following is NOT true?

A.Edward the Confessor was more French than English.B.Edward the Confessor filled his court with 'foreign' favorites.C.Edward the Confessor was on very good terms with his father-in-law,Earl Godwin.D.Edward the Confessor appointed a Norman priest Archbishop of

Canterbury.14.When Edward the Confessor died, ____was chosen by the Witan as king OfEngland.A.the king of Norway

B.Harold Godwinson, Earl of Wessex

C.Edgar, Edward's nephew

D.Tostig, the deposed Earl of Northumbria

15.Tostig, Harold's brother, joined____, and made an attempt to recover hislost earldom of Northumbria.A.Harold Hardrada, King of Norway

B.Edgar, Edward's nephew

C.Malcolm II, King of the Scots

D.Hardicanute

16.William, Duke of Normandy, fought King Harold of England at the Battle ofHastings in____.A.1086B.1066

C.1035D.1381

17.William won the Battle of Hastings.Later, on____, he was crowned king ofEngland.A.Easter DayB.St.Andrew's Day

C.Christmas DayD.Boxing Day

18.William, Duke of Normandy, is now known as____.A.William the ConfessorB.William Lion-Heart

C.the father of the British navyD.William the Conqueror

19.Most of the land belonging to the Saxons was confiscated by William andgiven to____.A.the Norman baronsB.the Danes

C.the IrishD.the Scots

20.The Norman Conquest is perhaps ____event in English history.A.a triflingB.the best-known

C.a horrifyingD.a sensational

1.B2.C3.D4.A5.B6.C7.B8.C9.B l0.A

12.Bl3.Cl4.Bl5.A16.B17.Cl8.D 19.A20.B 11.D

第二篇：美国英美概况练习

美国概况练习

I.Term explanation

1.The War of Independence

(1)After British parliament passed the Intolerable Acts, tensions were again created between colonists and British government.(2)On April 19,1775, the first shot was fired at Lexington and the American War of Independence began.(3)In May 1775, the Second Continental Congress met in Philadelphia and began to assume the functions of a national government.It founded a Continental Army and Navy under the command of George Washington and declared independence on July4,1776.(4)In 1781, British General Cornwallis surrendered at York Town,Virginia and soon British government asked for peace.(5)The Treaty of Paris, signed in September 1783, recognized the independence of the United States.2.Boston Tea Party

(1)In the years following the French and Indian War, British government enforced several acts which were bitterly opposed by colonists.(2)In order to ease tensions, British government removed all the new taxes except that on tea.(3)In 1773, a group of pariots responded to the tea tax by staging the Boston Tea Party: disguised as Indians, they boarded British merchant ships and tossed 342 crates of tea into Boston harbor.(4)British parliament then passed the “Intolerable Acts”, and in response to this the first Continental Congress was held in September1774.3.the First Continental Congress

(1)In response to the “Intolerable Acts”, passed by British parliament, the first Continental Congress met in Philadelphia in September1774.(2)This was a meeting of colonial leaders.They urged Americans to disobey the Intolerable Acts and to boycott British trade.(3)After this, colonists began to organize militias and to collect and store weapons and ammunition.4.The Declaration of Independence

(1)The Declaration of Independence, the first declaration of human rights, was mainly drafted by Thomas Jefferson and was adopted by the Congress on July 4,1776,when the people of 13 English colonies in North America were fighting for their freedom and independence from the British colonial rule, approached the problem of American independence from the angle of human rights.(2)Its principal point was to provide a legal basis for independence.It justified the forthcoming Revolution by defining the rights of man and the nature of government in relation to such rights.It declared that all men were equaland they were entitled to have some natural rights such as life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness.The powers of the governments came from the consent of the governed and the purpose of governments was to secure the rights mentioned above.(3)The Declaration of Independence was a masterpiece of bourgeois political philosophy.(4)The Declaration of Independence helped the colonists to see that there were times when people had the right to revolt.The new doctrine inspired mass fervor.More and more people came to believe that they were fighting for the just cause.5.American Constitution

(1)The Constitution of the United States, which was adopted in 1787 and came into effect in 1789, is the first comparatively complete written constitution in the world.(2)It is the supreme law in the United States, and is the main expression of the American ideals.(3)It is a short document which embodies laws and principles for the form of the US government.It consists of a preamble, 7 articles and 29 amendments.6.The Bill of Rights(USA)

(1)In 1791, the first ten amendments of American Constitution were made.This is the well-known “Bill of Rights”.(2)It secures a wide variety of freedoms for Americans, including the freedoms of religion, speech, press, peaceful assembly and freedom to bear arms, freedom against unreasonable search and seizure and so on.(3)the amendments limit the powers of the national government in regard to the rights and liberties of individuals.7.The New Deal

(1)To deal with the Depression, President Franklin Roosevelt rushed through Congress a great number of laws within the historic “Hundred Days”.(2)Some of the famous ones in this New Deal were the WPA(The Work Progress Administration), AAA(The Agricultural Adjustment Act), and the Social Security Act.(3)New Deal program did not end the Depression, but the economy improved as a result of this program of government intervention.8.The Great Depression

(1)On October 24, 1929 —“Black Thursday”— a wave of panic selling of stocks swept the New York Stock Exchange.Share and other security prices collapsed.(2)By 1932, thousand of banks and businesses had failed.Industrial production was cut in half.Farm income had fallen b y more than half.Wages had decreased 60 percent.New investment was down 90 percent.As a result, one out of four workers was unemployed.(3)Franklin D.Roosevelt won the 1932 election and carried out the New Deal to improve the economy.(4)Full recovery from the Depression was brought about by the defense buildup prior to America’s entering the WWII.II.Please answer the following questions briefly.1.What are the four crown colonies during America colonization?(Textbook: Page 152.)

2.What are he four causes for the War of Independence in America?(Textbook: Page 158-160)

3.What are he four causes for American Civil War?(Textbook: Page 167-170)

4.What are the three important acts of Roosevelt’s New Deal?(Textbook: Page 187-188)

5.What are the five fundamental features of American political system?(Textbook: Page 209)

6.What are the five fundamental principles for American government established by American Constitution?(Textbook: Page 210)

7.What are the five constitutional roles of American president?(Textbook: Page 213)

8.What are the three important characteristics of American economic system?(Textbook: Page 228)

第三篇：英美概况总复习

名词解释：

(1)The Anglo-Saxon（盎格鲁）

They were two groups of Germanic peoples who settled down in England from the 5th century.They were regarded as the ancestors of the English and the founders of England.(2)The Good Friday Agreement（北爱和平协议）

As a result of multi-party negotiations, the Good Friday Agreement was approved on 10 April 1998.This agreement assures the loyalist community that Northern Ireland remains part of the United Kingdom and it won’t change its political status unless the majority of the people of Northern Ireland agree.Under the terms of the agreement, Northern Ireland should be governed by three separate jurisdictions: that of the Republic of Ireland, that of Great Britain and that of its own elected executive government of ten ministers.(3)The Bill of Rights of 1689（权利法案）

In 1688, king James II’ s daughter Mary and her husband William were invited by the politician and church authorities to take the throne, on condition that they would respect the rights of Parliament.The bill of rights was passed in 1689 to ensure that the king would never be able to ignore Parliament.(4)The constitution of Britain（英国的宪法）

Britain has no written constitution.The foundation of the British state are laid out in statute law, which are laws passed by parliament;the common laws, which are laws established through common practice in the courts;and conventions.(5)The function of Parliament（议会的功能）

To pass laws, to vote for taxation, to scrutinize government policy, administration and expenditure and to debate the major issues of the day.(6)The house of commons(众议院)

The house of commons is the real center of British political life because it is the place where about 650elected representatives(members of Parliament)make and debate policy.These MPs are elected in the General Elections and should represent the interests of the people who vote for them.(7)Class system in Britain society（英国社会的等级制度）

The class system does exist in British society.Most of the British population would claim themselves to be either of middle-class or working-class, though some people would actually belong to the upper middle-class or lower middle-class.Class division are not simply economic, they are cultural as well.People of different classes may differ in the kind of newspapers they read, in the way they speak and in the kind of education they receive.One of the distinctive features about the British class system is that aristocratic titles can still be inherited.(8)Privatisation in UK economy（英国经济私有化）

The British economy went through a particularly bad period in the 1970s, with high rates of inflation and devaluation of the pound.Therefore, in the 1980s, when the conservative party under Margaret Thatcher was in power, an extensive programme of privatization was carried out.Many state-owned businesses(such as steel, telecom, gas, aerospace)were turned into private companies.Privatisation was successful in controlling inflation but at the same time unemployment rate increased rapidly.(9)Elizabethan drama（伊丽莎白一世时的戏剧）

The general flowering of cultural and intellectual life in Europe during the 15th and 16th centuries is known as the renaissance.In British culture, one of the most successful and long-lasting expressions of this development lay in drama.That was the period of the reign of Queen Elizabeth(1558-1603).The first professional theatre in London opened in 1576, and others followed, performing the plays of many notable playwrights, including Christopher Marlowe, Ben Jonson and William Shakespeare.(10)Romanticism（浪漫主义）

Roughly the first third of the 19th century makes up English literature’s romantic period.Writers of romantic literature are more concerned with imagination and feeling than with the power of reason.A volume of poems called lyrical ballads written by William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge is regarded as the romantic poetry’s “Declaration of Independence.” Keats, Byron and Shelley, the three great poets, brought the romantic movement to its height, the spirit of romanticism also occurred in the novel.(11)Modernism（现代主义）

Modernism refers to a form of literature mainly written before WWⅡ.It is characterized by a high degree of experimentation.It can be seen as a reaction against the 19th century forms of realism.Modernist writers express the difficulty they see in understanding and communicating how the world works.Often, modernist writing seems disorganized, hard to understand.It often portrays the action from the viewpoint of a single confused individual, rather than from the viewpoint of an all-knowing impersonal narrator outside the action.One of the most famous English modernist is Virginia Woolf.(12)Declaration of independence（独立宣言）

The declaration of independence was mainly drafted by Thomas Jefferson and adopted by the congress on July 4, 1776, when the people of 13 English colonies in North America were fighting for their freedom and independence from the British colonial rule.The document declared that all men were equal and that they were entitled to have some unalienable rights such as life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness.It also explained the philosophy of government: the powers of government came from the consent of the governed and the purpose of governments was to secure the rights mentioned above.The theory of politics and the guiding principles of the American Revolution mainly came from john locks.(13)Transcendentalists（先验论者）

In his book nature, Emerson claimed that by studying and responding to nature, individuals could reach a higher spiritual state without formal religion.A circle of intellectuals who were discontented with the New England establishment gathered around Emerson.They accepted Emerson’s theories about spiritual transcendence.They are known as Transcendentalists

(14)The “lost generation”（迷失的一代）

In the aftermath of world war I, many novelists produced a literature of disillusionment.Some lived in Europe.They were known as the “lost generation.” Two of the most representative writers of the “lost generation” were Hemingway and Fitzgerald.简答题：

（1）The Magna Carta and its significance（大宪章及其意义）

（2）Glories of Revolution and its significance（光荣革命及其意义）

（3）Modernism in Britain literature writer, masterpieces, its significance（英国现代主义文学作家的杰作,它的意义）

（4）Puritanism and its significance（清教主义及其意义）

Puritanism

They follow the idea of the French reformer and theologian John Calvin

1.doctrines:

(1)Predestination: God decided everything before things occurred.(2)Original sin and total depravity: human beings were born to evil, and this original sin can be passed down from generation to generation.(3)Limited atonement 赎罪:only the “elect” can be saved.Influence of Puritanism on American Literature

(1)a group of good qualities----hard work, thrift, piety, sobriety(serious and thoughtful)

influenced American literature

(2)it led to the everlasting myth.All literature is based on a myth---Garden of Eden.(3)Symbolism: lots of American writers liked to employ symbolism in their works.To the pious Puritan the physical, phenomenal world is nothing but a symbol of God(typical ways of Puritans who thought that all the simple objects existing in the world connected deep meanings).Symbolism means using symbols in literary works.The symbol means something represents or stands for abstract deep meaning.(4)Simplicity characterizes the Puritan style of writing.With regard to their writing, the

style of fresh, simple and direct;the rhetoric is plain and honest, not without a touch of nobility often traceable to the direct influence of the Bible.(5)Fired with a sense of mission.The Puritans looked the worst of life in the face of

tremendous optimism.The optimistic Puritan has exerted a great influence on American Literature.Early American Literature were mainly optimistic because they believed that God sent them to the new continent, to fulfill the sacred task.so they would overcome all the difficulties.They met at last.Gradually Americans found that their dreams would not be successful, so lots of pessimistic literary works were produced.(5)Transcendentalism and its significance（超越论及其意义）

Transcendentalism

Transcendentalism is an American literary, political and philosophical movement of the early nineteenth century, centered on Ralph Waldo Emerson.Keys:

--------the new spirit was neither social nor political, nor industrial, nor economic, nor literary, nor scientific, nor religious.It was all of them at once.It transcended every phase of life.It is a whole new way of thinking.Transcendentalism in its literal meaning is the recognition in man of the capacity of acquiring knowledge transcending the reach of the five senses, of knowing truth intuitively or reaching the divine without the need of an intercessor.It was essence romantic idealism on Puritan soil.In application, American transcendentalism urged a reform in society and that such a reform may be reached if individuals resist customs and social codes, and relu rather on reason to learn what is right.Ultimately, transcendentalism believed that one should transcend society’s code of ethics and rely on personal intuition in order to reach absolute goodness, or absolute truth.Influence:

1.It served as an ethical guide to life for a young nation and brought about the idea that human can be perfected by nature.It stressed religious tolerance, called to throw off shackles of customs and traditions and go forward to the development of a new and distinctly American culture.2.It advocated idealism that was great needed in a rapidly expanded economy where opportunity often became opportunism, and the desire to “get on ” obscured the moral necessity for rising to spiritual height.3.It helped to create the first American renaissance-----one of the most prolific periods in American literature.(6)Norman conquer and its significance（诺曼征服及其意义）

第四篇：现代汉语复习要点及考试题型

现代汉语复习要点及考试题型

一、名词解释（20分）

①语义单位 ②语义结构 ③语义分析 ④语法单位 ⑤语法结构

⑥语法手段 ⑦语法范畴 ⑧语法分析 ⑨语用⑩修辞

二、双项选择（20分）

⒈ 语词（）是一个合成词。①“绿茶” ②“花儿”③“窈窕” ④“迪斯科”

⒉（）中的“言”只是个语素，不个是语词。①言辞诚恳 ②言行一致 ③学习语言 ④言而有信

⒊ 语句()中，“的”是结构助词，“跟”是连词。①我的弟弟跟他是同学。②我会跟他说的。③我跟我的同学都去了。④不跟做官的来往。

⒋（）中的“和”、“给”、“在”都是介词。①和一年前不同了，现在得给自己选定主修课程了。②水和电都给停了，呆在这里不行。③你得和他一样，常给工作在乡村的同学通通信。④你和她是干部，在班上要给同学们做出好榜样。

⒌语句“网上有人偷菜呀。”是一个（）。①变式句 ②兼语句 ③存现句 ④祈使句

⒍（）是个双宾句。①通知明天放假。②通知同学们做好准备。③我借给他一本书。④我借了他一本书。⒎（）是个复句。①我知道不但他去了，而且你也去了。②我要去图书馆借书。③既来之则安之。④他一来你就走吗？

⒏语句“毕业后我准备去乡村教书。”是个（）。①顺承复句 ②主谓谓语句 ③动宾谓语句 ④变式句 ⒐语句“为了孩子我们才进城找教育局再派教师来”是个（）。①目的复句 ②主谓句 ③连谓句④兼语句

⒑语句“一见到他就得请他来。”是个（）。①条件复句 ②顺承复句 ③陈述句 ④连谓式单句

三、分析题（20分）

⒈ 用结构层次分析法和句式变换分析法辨析歧义句的不同含义。

① 院子里有许多孩子种的花。

② 他知道这事不要紧。

⒉ 修改病句并说明理由。

① 只要切实做好疫情的防控工作，才能有效地防止甲型H1N1流感传播蔓延。

② 这个考察小组的同学是由各班北方籍学生组成的。

③ 5号上午媒体就发布了罗京病逝的消息，十分使人们感到伤心。

四、简述题（20分）

1句式变换分析法辨析歧义句

2.简要说明语法结构的层次性和递归性。

3.简要说明语言义与言语义的关系。

4.简要说明修辞与语用的关系。

5.简要说明并列复句和选择复句真值意义。

6.简要说明条件复句的真值意义。

7.举例说明语气词的语法功能和语法特点。

8.举例说明点号使用的语法根据。

五、问答题（20分）

⒈你怎样理解语言符号的组合规则与聚合规则的关系？

⒉同印欧屈折语言相比，汉语语法有哪些突出特点？

3.为什么有人说“语义关系是句法最为基本的部分”？

4.你怎样理解语义、语法和语用三者之间的关系？

第五篇：综合考试(英1)1999(英美概况、英美文学、现代汉语)

北京第二外国语学院

1999年硕士研究生入学考试试题

考试科目：综合考试（英美概况部分）

一、填空：（每空1分，共20分）

1．美国本土自大西洋岸到太平洋岸，横贯北美大陆南部，全部位于温带和亚热带。美国的地形特点是东西两侧面，中间，没有走向的山脉。

2．美国拥有众多的河流，按其流向分为两大水系——太平洋水系和大西洋水系。太平洋水系的河流主要有、；大西洋水系的河流主要有、。

3．美国现有人口万人。美国是一个多民族的国家，北美大陆最早的居民是

人，美国人数最多的少数民族是。

4．美国是经济高度发达的资本主义国家。19世纪60年代初，美国工业革命基本完成。年，美国的工业产值超过农业产值；年，美国工业产值超过英国，跃居世界首位。

5．中美关系经历了从敌对到全面改善和发展以及1989年以后起伏波折三个阶级。在中美关系的发展中，三个公报是指导两面三刀国关系的原则，这三个公报是、、和。

6．英国议会实际两院制，由英国贵族组成的称为；以民选议员组成的是。

7．英国人常说自己的国家是“四个民族族，一个王国”。一个王国就是联合王国，四个民族就是今天的英格兰人、人、人和人。

二、名词解释（每题4分，共12分）

1．硅谷

2．宅地法

3．英国大宪章

三、问答题（8分）

通过克林顿总统遭到弹劾调查一事看叛国对政府官员的监督体系。

北京第二外国语学院

1999年硕士研究生入学考试试题

考试科目：综合考试（英美文学部分）

一、填空题（每题0.5分，共5分）

1．哈姆雷特是著名悲剧中的中心人物。

2．《草叶集是十九世纪美国著名民主诗人的诗歌总集。

3．〈竞选州长〉的作者是。

4．〈恰尔德·哈洛尔德游记〉是英国著名诗人的重要代表作。

5．查理·狄更斯是十发世纪英国伟大的批判现实主义作家，他创作最繁荣时期的主要作品有、、。

6．〈迷惘的一切〉最杰出的代表作家是。

7．诗歌〈被解放放了普罗迷修斯〉的作者是。

二、简答题（每题4分，共12分）

1．英国启蒙文学的主要任务是什么？

2．英国积极浪漫主义文学主要特点是什么？

3．《汤姆叔叔的小屋》是一部什么样的书？

三、论述题（13分）

1． 谈谈莎士比亚历史剧创作的意义？（7分）

2． 长篇小说《马丁·伊登》的主要内容、主题及主人翁的典型意义。（6分）

北京第二外国语学院

1999年硕士研究生入学考试试题

考试科目：综合考试（现代汉语部分）

一、将下列语流中的词切分出来，并按要求归类（5分）匈牙利的这类诗歌，往往斐然成章，韵律朗朗上口，情感缠绵缥缈，意境幽远深邃。

1．多音节单纯词：

2．代词：

3．量词：

4．副词：

5．形容词：

二、按要求分析下列语言单位（12分）

1．用划线法分析下列单句的句子成分（主语：；谓语：；宾语：定语：（）；状语：[]；补语：〈〉；外位语：00000；独立语△△△△）

（1）“书到用时方恨少”这句话，我现在总算有了体会了。

（2）据说这是几十年前冰川流动时在岩石上擦过的痕迹。

（3）苏州城里有不少这样的小街小巷：长长的、瘦瘦的，曲曲又弯弯。

（4）几千个春天的翠绿，几百代人们的梦境，无数的神话传达室说，都浓缩和消溶在这深深的湖里。

2．分析下列多重复句的层次和关系（4分）

连“坐”字的意义，古代和现代也不完全一样，古代席地而坐，而膝着席，跟跪差不多，所以，〈战国策〉里说伍子胥“坐行蒲服，乞食于吴市”，坐行就是膝行（蒲服务即匍匐），要是按现在的坐资来理解，又是坐着又是走，那是绝对不可能的。

3．分析下列复杂句组的层次与关系（4分）

大四合院内，第三天大矛盾是言语矛盾，言语：既能败坏人的名誉，侵犯人的心理空间，也能直接干涉利益，没有比言语矛盾更复杂的了，一句话能搞臭一个人，一句话能结下一辈子的冤仇，所以人们公开场合使用语言，还是慎重的，毕竟多少年住在一块儿，远亲不如近邻，抬头不见低头见，可暗地里，嘴就很难封住了，赵钱孙李，说长道短总不会断的。

三、修辞（12分）

1．指出下列表达中的修辞格的类型（只需指出一种最明显的）（6分）

（1）东风袅袅泛崇光，香雾空蒙月转廊。只恐夜深花睡去，故烧高烛照红妆。（）

（2）少年听雨歌楼上，红烛昏罗帐，壮年听雨客舟中，江阔云低，断雁叫西风。而今听雨僧庐下，鬓已星星也。悲欢离合总无情，一任阶前，点滴到天明。（）

（3）应怜屐齿印苍苔，小扣柴靡永不开，满园春色关不住，一枝红杏出墙来。（）

（4）烟波不动影沉沉，碧色全无翠色深，应是水仙梳洗处，一螺黛镜中心（）

（5）昨夜雨疏风骤。浓睡不水残酒。试问卷帘人，却道海棠依旧。知否，知否应是绿肥红瘦（）

（6）长忆观潮，满部人争江上望。来疑沧海尽成空，万面鼓声中，弄潮儿上潮头立，手把红旗旗不湿。别来几向梦中看，梦学尚心寒。（）

2．从修辞角度修改下列表达中的错误（6分）

（1）漓江四季，景色各异。晨雾中的牧笛，暮色里的竹林，夜晚点点渔火——但最色人心魄的景色当是烟雨漓江了。

（2）她披了件男人的外套，坐在体育教师的席位上，但很快就被人识另，并逮捕了她。

（3）专家们现在相信，仙人掌能用作人的食品。实际上，在智利和墨西哥的超级市上，仙人掌早已像蔬菜一样出售。专家们主张应大办宣传仙人掌的食用价值。最大的困难是克服成见，因为一些巴西人认为，喂牲口的东西不能给人吃。

四、根据所给材料，从文化角度写一篇议论文（20分）

有一则挖苦中国的人幽默。如果在大街上丢失100元钱，英国人会若无其事，德国人会认真寻找，美国人会唤来警察，日本人总是进行自我反省，中国人则往往想：谁捡了谁拿去买药吃。

要求：

1、题目自拟；

2、观点明确；

3、结构完整；

4、语句通顺；

5、书写规范；

6、卷面整洁；

7、字数不少于500字，不多于600字。