全英讲课开头语

第一篇：全英讲课开头语

1Good afternoon, everybody.I am a teacher from No.10 Middle School.My name is Shi Liping.Today I am very happy because I will have a lesson with all ofyou.That is Unit 9 What does he look like ?Section B(3a-3b).Before beginningourclass , we do a warm-up activity sing a song, we will rock you!When you sing this song ,you should follow me to do something.2Ok, show your hands tome.Please do justwhatI do.OK? You needn’t to sing this, just sing the two sentences, ok?

It is an exciting English song, right ?Ifyou want to understand English well.You should learn English well, Yes?

3Ok, let’s see the teaching aims.4.now ,we choose a student to.Come here.Please write the answers on the blackboard.

第二篇：全英讲课稿

ⅰ.warm-up 1.class begins!good morning,boys and girls!sit down,please!2.boys and girl,are you happy today?i'm happy,too.let's sing an english song together,ok?“what's

your

favourite

season?”clap

your hands,please.wow!wonderful!ⅱ.presentation let's learn 1.now boys and girls,please look at this picture.what season is it now?yes,it's summer.why?because i can swim.read after me.this line,please read this word one by one.great!2.look at this picture!what season is it?why?because i can make a snowman.read after me.this line,read it.very good!3.in summer,i can swim.in winter,i can make a snowman.and in winter,i can skate,too.follow me,please.4.i don't like summer,it's too hot.i don't like winter,it's too cold.i like spring,it's sunny and warm.in spring,i can fly kites.i can plant trees,too.please read after me.5.let's review the phrases.in summer,i can....in winter,i can..,i can also....in spring,i can...,and i can also....great!6.now please take out your pens and write these five phrases on your exercise books.finished?please check your partner's spelling.who is all right?all of you have done a good job!group work 1.what season is it now?yes,it's spring.i like spring,it's sunny and warm.i'd like to go hiking.what about you?what would you like to do?i'd like to....2.now we're going out together.what would you like to do?please work in groups , talk about it and fill in the chart.then report the numbers to me.3.stop here.are

you

ready?who

wants

to

be

the reporter?you,please.wonderful!thank you.ⅲ.consolidation 1.boys and girls,are you happy this class?let's play a guessing game,ok?i want one of you to come here and act the phrases,the others say the phrase with “i can...”or“i'd like to...”for example,....are you clear?let' begin!2.ok,all of you have done a good job.you can continue this game after class,ok? 3.so much for this class.class is over.goodbye,everyone!thank you for listening

Unit 2 My Schoolbag A Let’s talk.一、1.Good afternoon！Boys and girls!Today we’ll learn Unit 2 My Schoolbag A Let’s talk.First, let’s sing a song.Red and yellow and…Ready? Go!

2.Look!I have a new schoolbag.What’s in the bag? Do you know them? Let’s say together.Look！My English book is yellow.What colour is your Chinese book? Wow, it’s beautiful.二、1.Look at this picture.Who’s she？Yeah, Amy.Amy has a new schoolbag.I have a question.What colour is it？(板书)Guess！2.Let’s watch the video and find out the question: Have you got it? Good job!It’s …(板书It’s …)Look at the ruler.What colour is it? Practice in pairs.3.Listen and repeat, try to imitate.Who can imitate this sentence? Do you know fat?(板书)4.Let’s make a role play.I am …You’re…Ready? Go!Practice in pairs, then show.5.Let’s make a new dialogue.First, I will give you a model.三、1.Let’s play a game.I have a new eraser.Do you know the colour?(指黑板提示。)Guess!Play this games in your groups.2.Open your activity book at Page 9.Listen, colour and match.Sarah, show your work please.Is she right? Listen again and tick or cross.What’s your answer? Lily!Do you agree with her?

四、Summary and Homework 1.What have we learned today? We learned a new dialogue and we can use the sentences now.2.Listen and imitate the dialogue twice.Make a new dialogue.板书设计：

Unit 2 My Schoolbag A Let’s talk.What colour is it?

fat

It’s…

Unit 4 My Home A Let’s talk.一、1.Good afternoon！Boys and girls！Today we’ll learn Unit 4 My Home A Let’s talk.First, let’s do together.Ready? Go!Go to the living room.Watch TV.Go to the study.Read a book.2.Look at this picture!This is my home.（照片）You can see a…Let’s say together.Do you have a picture of your home.Wow, how beautiful!Jack, is this your…?Follow me.Yes, it is.Lily, is this your…? Follow me.No, it isn’t.Boys and girls, look at the blackboard.Read after me!Is this your bedroom? Yes, it is.No, it isn’t.(板书: Is this … Yes, it is.No, it isn’t.)

二、1.Look at this picture.It’s Chen Jie’s cat.Chen Jie can’t find her at home.Guess!Where is the cat?S1…S2…

2.Let’s watch the video and answer the question.Where is she? 3.T:Is she in the living room? Is she in the study? Is she in the kitchen?(教师板书三个she)Is she in the classroom? Is she in the living room? Practice in pairs.4.Listen and repeat, try to imitate.5.Make a role play.Practice in pairs, then show.三、1.Let’s play a game.I have a pen.Guess!Where is it？You can guess with “Is it …?”

2.Open your book at Page 30.Listen and number.Have you finished？ Jack.Your answer ,please!

四、Summary and Homework 1.What have we learned today? 2.Listen and imitate the dialogue twice.Make a new dialogue.板书设计：

Unit 4 My Home A Let’s talk Is this/she/it…？ Yes, it/she is.No, it/she isn’t.Unit 5 What would you like? A Let’s talk.一、1.Good afternoon!Boys and girls!Today we’ll learn Unit 5 What would you like? A Let’s talk.I’m ready for class.Are you ready for class? Everything’s ready！Spell “everything ” First, let’s enjoy a song.2.I have many pictures about food.Do you know them? Let’s say together.Do you have some foods？Wow，so many.I am hungry.Can I have some…? Thank you.（板书hungry）

二、1.Look at this picture.Mike’s dad is cooking dinner.Guess!What’s for dinner？

2.Let’s wait and see.Listen and choose the pictures.3.What would mom like? What would Mike like? Wait and see.Let’s watch the video and match the pictures.4.Dad wants to know “What would they like for dinner?”.How does he ask? Can you remember?(学生回答,教师板书.)Great！Follow me！What would you like for dinner？Mike says: Mom says:(学生回答,教师板书：I’ d like some…)

I’d like some potatoes for dinner.What would you like for dinner? Practice in pairs.5.Listen and repeat, try to imitate.Wait and see.Do you know the meaning？let’s spell “wait”.6.Make a role play.Practice in pairs, then show.三、1.Let’s finish the chart.For example: Hello, Jack.What would you like for dinner? 2.Open your book at Page 37.Listen and draw.四、Summary and Homework 1.What have we learned today? 2.Listen and imitate the dialogue twice.Make a new dialogue.板书设计：

Unit 5 What would you like? everything

A Let’s talk

hungry

What would you like for dinner? wait

I’d like… 第一步 导入

T: Good morning, Everyone!Do you like watching movies? Do you know Jet Lee(李连杰)?Do you know one of his famous movie called HERO? What does ‘hero’ mean? Who are the heroes in your heart? Do you know Yan Liwei, our national hero? 第二步 介绍文章人物

T: Open your books, and turn to page 100 and 101.Let’s read two passages about Shenzhou V and Yang Liwei.Shenzhou V is China’s first manned spaceship.It lifted off at 9 a.m.on Wednesday, October 15th, 2003 in Jiuquan, Gansu Province.It was carrying Yang Liwei.It was launched very successfully and landed in Inner Mongolia safely.Yang Liwei is China’s first astronaut.He was a pilot in the army.He was chosen from 1,500 other army pilots and started training for his space flight in 1998.During the 21-hour space flight, he circled the earth 14 times.When the spaceship was doing its seventh circle, Yang Liwei showed the flags of China and the United Nations, expressing the wishes of the Chinese people to explore and use space peacefully.

第三篇：英 语 口 诀 大 全

英 语 口 诀 大 全

英 语 口 诀 大 全

英语词类口诀

句子要由词组成，词意要看其功能；英语词类有十种：成分用实句中充，名代动副数形容：冠介连词和感叹，虚词附加或沟通。词类功能掌握好，造句之时好运用。

句子成分

主谓宾表补定状；两大成分两情况；系后表，及后宾；补宾定名状谓帮。

语序口诀

主谓宾表同汉语，定语有同也有异。状语位置更特殊，不能全和汉语比。

构词法

英语构词有三种，转化派生和合成。类转意化形不变，两词合一两缀生。

句子种类按语气分

句子语气四大体；陈疑感祈各家聚；陈叙事、疑问提；祈命请求感情句。

句子种类按结构分

句子结构三剑客；简单并列和复合。四词五型六从句；分清主谓有几个。

名词

专有普通两分类；单变复数规不规。掌握名词会四类；分类可不格用会。

专有普通分两队；CU两表各有规。单双of格用对；运用得当才为最

名词变复数

可数名词单变复；词尾要用“s”助。一般“e”尾“s”附；[∫][t∫][s][z]“es”堵，“y”变“ies”就看辅；“ves”来自“fe或f”；“es”黑英和西土；一样内变双复数

时间名词前所有介词口诀

年月周前要用in，日子前面却不行。遇到几号要用“on”，上午下午又是“in”。

要说某日上下午，用on换in才能行。午夜黄昏用at，黎明用它也不错。

at也在时分前，说“差”要用to，说“过”要用past。

名词的所有格

名词只变数，不分主宾格。人和动物类，可变所有格。

撇（’）后加s，相当汉语“的”。时间、距离等，也变所有格。

代词分类

英语代词有九族；人代物代各两股；反代指代有单复；关连不疑要相互

人称代词

人称代词主宾格；主在动前宾后落；介宾不算主人伙；单复两数按序说

物主代词

物主代词有两性；形在名前名代名；两词互译要记清；One`s短语只用形

反身代词

反身代词主宾后；同位强调作用够；Buy带队动作回；动介后用表自为

不定代词

不定代词分十组；记住每组懂用途；明确数目连of；接名连动用何数

“另外”用法口诀

else置于疑代后；another单数限不受；onetheother就两头

someothers复数瞅；theother接复其余有；theothers特指另外走

疑问代词

疑问代词W族；划线提问最常出；H一族两代副；语序回答数清楚

指示代词

指示代词就哥四；远近单复各有指；避重thatthose；Thesethis下文事

关系代词

关系代词引定从；先行决定哪个用；Whowhomthat人；Whosewhich物其中

连接代词

疑代可做连代用；引导主宾表语从；What夹在名从中；Ever合成“一切”通

相互代词

相互代词有两组；Eachother两人互；Oneanother多人处；汉无英加“‘s”属

冠词

不冠定冠和零冠；三冠用于名词前；A和an看辅元；表一固词很简单。

The在名前最广泛；十二条记住也不难；零冠亦有八方面；特殊情况也不然。

定冠词the

特指二提双知道；独乐方序形最高；党团机阶固姓形；普专江湖海山岛

不用冠词

人地国名不可数；指物不代衔称呼；餐球学语交节复；星月季年新提固

基数词

1至12要特记；13至9尾统一；整十数尾ty替；百千百万和十亿；约略ofs续；不加s表具体

序数词

第123tdd；四后尾用th续；序前用a表又一；The在序前不可去；时间编号两表示；倍分年龄各熟记

英语分数

英语分数不费事；母序子基四个字；分子若是大于一；分母还须加-s

基数词变序数词

基变序，有规律，词尾字母tdd。八减t，九减e，f要把ve替。ty把y变成i，记住山前有个e。

形容词和副词级的变化

形副十级要牢记；格转范代有规律；三种词变六倒序；系形实副各家聚

形容词

名y变形定名前；Look带队表后边；Well一类表体健；分词也可表语兼；形修复代放后边；Enoughelse同样换；数形词组也亦然；不定式前形如难；描特颜材次序按；形做宾补更完全。

副词

介补定状表副当；动形副介整被状；形前系后两度放；方地时副序这样；句连解关缩疑感；enough后置可别忘

名词变形容词

名变形容加后缀；常见加y来带队；二十后缀要记会；熟练运用才为最

动词变名词

动变名词加后缀；常见-er来带队；词形不变词性变；还要注意复数尾

形容词变副词

形变副词-ly缀；缀法不同有五规；变与不变特别会；前后两缀a-带队

肯定句变一般疑问句

have和be提句首，其它助词Do开头。时间、人称由do变，动词只把原形留。谓语助词有几个，第一助词提句首。

肯定句变否定句

否定词语加not，放在be和have后。其它要加动词do，do的后面加not，时间、人称由do变，动词原形总保留。谓语若是助词多，not紧跟第一个。

介词顺口溜

in在„„里，out在„„外，在旁边的是beside，靠近的为by。on在„„上，under在„„下，above在上头，below在底下。

介词

简单复杂介词分；意用弄清才有本；介名介动介其它；介宾结构是介根。

be的用法歌

动词be，变化大，“I”用“am”“You”用“are”；Is用于它（it）、他（he）、她（she）；复数一定要用“are”，切莫用错闹笑话。

动词的时态

四种时间各四式，联想对比便于记。时间现在和过去，各自还有将来时。一般完成进行式，完成进行是四式。四四共有十六种，看来复杂掌握易；除去have/be以外，动词变化有规律。

动词形式的变化

动词根本是原形，变化形式有四种：原形词尾加“s”，现在第三单人称；过去原形加“ed”，过去分词也相同；原形加上“ing”，现在分词或动名。原形词尾加“s”，如同名词复数式。若加“ed/ing”，以下情况要注意：词尾有ie只加d，Ing去掉无声e；词尾ie变成y，然后再加ing；辅音之后y结尾，Y要变i加ed；现在分词不变y，直接加上ing；词尾重读闭音节，结尾辅音都双写，r做结尾也一样，重读音节r双写；结尾字母若是“t”，不是重读也双写。过去分词过去式，不按规则也有些。

一般现在时

一般现在四法用；Be用现在行用原；疑否提加donot；Doesdoesnˊt原形说；三单动变s形；Often带队标志通

一般过去时

Waswere,be的过；疑提前，否not；时间过，实词了；Diddidn’t原形说

一般讲来时

将来助词加动原；Will表行shall见；否加not疑提前；Begoingto表打算；Come带队-ing换；Tomorrow一行打前站

现在进行时

现在进行此刻中；Nowlisten标志充；Be用现在式三公；现在分词变三通；Come带队表将来；一段也可进行用

过去进行时

过去进行那时中；小大时间标志充；Be用过去式两公；现在分词没不同；Come带队过将来；Whenwhile进行用

现在完成时

现在完成两法用；Have分词情意浓；八组标词各不同；For和since段点从；有影beengone无踪；延续be形来换通

过去完成时

过去完成两法用；Had分词情意浓；过去过去已完成；常在从句by终；For和since段点从；延续be形来换通

过去将来时

过去将来一法用；必须放在从句中；过去某时对将来；主过从变would通

动词不定式

不定十法要记牢；不谓可做主宾表；补目原结定疑连；感使两议to省掉；发过未动两边跑；就接动名最重要

既接不定式又接动名词

两爱遗恨两开始；记忘续意试需止；动作进行动名词；还未发生不定式

感官动词

感官动词觉听看；既接动名又跟原；正在进行动名连；未感发生秃头现

使役动词口诀

使役动词三剑客；Makelethave做；后接动词秃头说；被动语态to回锅

不定式作宾语口诀

希望同意别拒绝；未能决定选择学；要求愿望两想要；其后只跟todo接

非谓语动词

动词不做谓语用，不定分词与动名。to加原形不定式，词组可做名副形。

分词现在和过去，相当副词和形容。原形加上“ing”，动词具有名词性。

Therebe句型

Therebe结构表存在；记清be有四时态；肯疑否反特明白；三词两句可互换；就近原则动名带；Have所属是关键

begoing的用法

begoing是助动词，后跟加to不定式。说明“准备”或“就要”，时间人称只变be。

have+got

have作为动词“有”，情态动词haveto；havegot惯用语，got可有也可无。

若变否定疑问句，去掉got再加do；或把have提句首，not加在have后

宾语从句

宾语从句多方面；多看多记多训练；陈用that特词连；If一般to祈现。

Do去助词主后边；一主二宾三不变；疑to变简否疑前；时态呼应是关键

状语从句

状语从句是八仙；说明主句动作全；When八词表时间；Ifunless说条件。

Because四位找因原；So结果与that连；Sothat目的是以便。As方式照样演；Than比较后和前；Though让步尽管谈。

情态动词

语气态度判断好；一允二必三能表；可能推测主客跑；需要应该同意找；疑问否定句变宝；否定回答最重要

感叹句

系词后面加隔号；然后来个大颠倒；形后有名用what；无名用how加叹号

疑问句

系助情前一般号；实词do来问引导；选择疑问要用or；特词句前对意表；反意主语助词跑；肯否回答替代好

祈使句

祈使对面主语没；Don’tnever居前位；Let’snot接原配；No加动名名各会

反意疑问句

系助情后随；实词do来缀；前后肯否会；英汉要调队；人数一致坠；性别相符尾；祈使will飞；Let’sshallwe；物人用它they；Think在从内；No来带队；Not不要追

并列句

递进and动作连；转折but意相反；因果so来结原；选择or在疑间

双宾语后to/for变换口诀

带交递送扔借读；写给告示付换to；买拿挑留演唱煮；双宾变换for制出。

被动语态

主变被、分词会；Be词时态要弄对；客人篡by主人位；人称和数叛变随。

间直换提forto回；感使留补to复位；疑问否定前后飞；两法介副随动未

主谓一致

主谓一致三原则；形式意义就近得；单用单、复用复；特殊情况二十个

就近原则

并列四词就近用；倒装therebe句通；关主谓先在定从；连主与被强调中

就远原则

主语与介连用时；动与介前主一致；一也两除三一起；就远原则要保持

意义一致原则

单复同形看意义；All若带队根具体；分百of两单复；What名从动单式

整体原则

整体原则谓用单；两名组成一概念；动名不定和从句；金额距离又时间

个体原则

and连接多主前；eachevery在两边；manya和morethanone；接单做主全用单

It用法口诀

代指代前代将事；时日星季环情指；距天自习先行词；形主形宾两形式

动词分类

实义行为具体动；半全系词系表用；助词疑否时语中；情愿语气态度同

终止与延续动词转换

短暂动词行终止；不与段时来相识；若表持续短变续；两k两h十八be

只接动名词

想象冒险逃离；忍耐完成练习；禁止持续考虑；避免延误建议；准备承认介意；喜欢未能允许；感谢否认延期

倒装口诀

副词开头要例装，人称代词则如常。only修饰副介状，位于句首半倒装。否定意义副连词，“既不„也不”须倒装。表语前置主语长，衔接自然常倒装。such代词做表语，引起主谓要倒装。Notonly开头句，前一分句须倒装。had，were，should虚拟句，省略if半倒装省略口诀回答问题要简洁，并列重复须省略。祈使主语必省略，比较than后须省略。从表从that省略，主从that勿省略。前后出现同一词，惯用习语常省略。

倒装句

“确实如此”半倒装；So加主be一人当；全倒so加be主两；前句否定neither上

定语从句背诵口诀

定从句分辨；无逗号即限；有逗号非限；关系所用词；随着先行变；限定先指人；who;whom要当先；that紧跟前；限定先指物；which;that两出现；缺定用whose；缺主用who;that；Which把物接；缺宾找who;whom;that；who可把whom替；通常可省略；若前有介词；只许which;whom接；且不可省略；非限先指人；who;whom两可兼；that滚一边；非限先指物；which独得天；定从有特殊；自有解决点；先行表时间；用when来当填；先行表地点；where字必须选；先行是reason；用why合因原；先行way置前；用how永不变

虚拟语气

虚拟语气表愿望；If句中三情况；与现事实若相反；从过全were主would原；过从had过分连；Wouldhave过分键；从过weretoshould原；Would动原主将反

“花费”用法口诀

花费四词各家聚；认准人物谁主语；Inon就跟spend去；for在pay后不客气；cost物前人后移；ittakes„todo在一起

“到达“用法口诀

arrive小地at介；大地用in好区别；get与地to来接；及物reach最直接

“看”用法口诀

英语“看”法各不同；Lookat看西东；看书看报read行；看视看赛watch用；See看医影结亲朋；notice注意其内容

“说”法不同口诀

英语”说”法各不同；say常强调说内容；发言语言speak用；交谈报告talk冲；告诉讲诉tell懂；四词跟to心相通

“借“用法口诀

Borrowfrom往里借；Lend与to外借也；二词短暂与物别；借久keep一段携

“made”词组用法口诀

Bemadein或for；在某地为某人造；Bemadeof或from；看出看不出原材料；emadeby或into；由被制作制成了

“up”词组用法口诀

叫醒wakeup；起床getup；盛装dressup；电话ringup；举起putup；调高turnup；发射sendup；上看lookup；放弃giveup；长大growup；混合mixup；用完useup；切碎cutup；拾起pickup

接动名词的词组或短语

擅长begoodatdoing；做好dowellindoing；怎样whataboutdoing?；感兴beinterestedindoing；花费spend„(in)doing；做事dothe/somedoing；去做godoing；禁做nodoing；喜欢feellikedoing；阻止stop„fromdoing；忙于bebusydoing；值得beworthdoing；愿意preferdoingtodoing；原谅excusemefordoing；感谢thanksfordoing；放弃giveupdoing；不禁can’thelpdoing；继续keepondoing；坚持insistondoing；不忍can’tstanddoing；避免keepfromdoing；期盼lookforwardtodoing；防止prevent„fromdoing；推迟putoffdoing；成功succeedindoing；考虑thinkofdoing；出名befamousfordoing；爱好befondofdoing；有趣havefundoing；无没withoutdoing；厌烦betiredofdoing；兴奋beexcitedaboutdoing；负责beresponsiblefordoing；梦想dreamofdoing；抱怨complainaboutdoing；抱歉apologizefordoing；习惯getusedtodoing；奉献devote„todoing；辛苦havedifficultyindoing；愉快haveagoodtimedoing；代替insteadofdoing；注意payattentiontodoing；专注concentrateondoing

Fewlittlebit用法口诀

Fewlittle两不和；little不可few可；带a它就肯定说；无a否定语气测；Alittle修形副前搁；Abitof不形后边合 交通表达方式口诀

交通工具有五弟；Takea与bustrain聚；Rideabikehorse骑；Walkonfoot步行去；Driveacar自己提；fly乘机to接地；全用by接工具；Inon冠代格具体

How疑问词口诀

Howoften频率提；Howlong一段疑；Howfar指距离；Howsoon将来时；Howmany复数及；Howmuch不可续；Howold带队别忘记

“穿、戴”口诀

Puton表真动作；现在状态wear说；in加衣鞋或颜色；状态动作dress可

“拿”动作口诀

某物take被拿离；bring带来fetch取；担挑carry搬带走；pick摘接又拾起

“找“口诀

Lookfor过程找；find结果算找到；findout先思考；弄清查明真相挑

beused词组用法口诀

usedtodo常常去过；beusedtodoing习惯于活；beusedtodo被用做。

beusedfordoing同上说；beusedas被用作；beusedby被„使用多

vt+宾语+宾补口诀

vt宾语接宾补；六大巨型要记住；及宾todo九love；vt宾do一至五。

及宾接名call五虎；vt宾形keep六族；及宾doing正六路；vt宾done被做足掌握这20句口诀，英语全拿下!

十一

名词变复数

一个有信仰的海湾首领叫农奴到屋顶拿手帕。（belief，gulf，chief，serf，roof，handkerchief后接s）

间里有架钢琴，钢琴上有台收音机，收音机旁有幅照片，照片里有动物园，动物园里有竹子。（studio，piano，radio，photo，zoo，bamboo后接s）

十二

介词

this、that、tomorrow，yesterday，next、last、one。

接年、月、季、星期、周，介词省略已习惯。

over、under正上下，above、below则不然。

若与数量词连用，混合使用亦无关。

beyond超出、无、不能，against靠着，对与反。

besides，except分内外，among之内along沿。

同类比较except，加for异类记心间。

before、after表一点,ago、later表一段。

before能接完成时，ago过去极有限。

since以来during间，since时态多变换。

与之相比beside，除了lastbutone。

十三

直接间接引语

直引若是一般问，变间ifwhether连。语序变为陈述式，时态人称相应变。

直引若是特殊问，疑问词连接记心间。其余问题挺简单，一切只当一般问。

直引若是祈使句，谓语动词挺要紧。toldaskedordered，根据口气来选定。告诉人、请人、命令人，后跟todosth.。若是否定祈使句，nottodo后边行。

十四

非谓语动词

非谓语动词的一些特殊用法后只接不定式作宾语的一些常用特殊谓语动词。

动词后，不定式，want，hope和wish，agree，decide，mean，manage，promise，expect，pretend，且说两位算在此，要记牢，要记住，掌握它们靠自己。

十五

五中基本句型歌

英语句万万千，五大句型把线牵。

句型种类为动词，后接什么是关键；

系词后面接表语；vi独身无牵连；

vt又可分三类，单宾双宾最常见，还有宾语补足语；各种搭配记心间。

五种基本句型：

1.主语+系动词+表语

2.主语+不及物动词

3.主语+及物动词+宾语

4.主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语

5.主语+及物动词+宾语1+宾语2

十六

只接动名词做宾语的特殊动词

后只接动名词做宾语的一些常用特殊动词

特殊动词接“动名”，使用它们要记清，“放弃”“享受”可“后悔”，“坚持”“练习”必“完成”，“延期”“避免”非“介意”

掌握它们今必行。

十七

冠词的基本用法

名词是秃子，常要戴帽子，可数名词单，须用a或an，辅音前用a，an在元音前，若为特指时，则须用定冠，复碰到代词时，冠词均不现。

十八

名词所有格

名词所有格，表物是“谁的”，若为生命词，加“’s”即可行，词尾有s，仅把逗号择;

并列名词后，各自和共有，前者分别加，后者最后加;

若为无生命词，of所有格，前后须倒置，此是硬规则。

十九

反义疑问句

反意问句三要点，前后谓语正相反;

短句not如出现，必须缩写是习惯;

最后一点应注意，短句主语代词填。

二十

名词所有格用法

名词所有格，表物是“谁的”，若为生命词，加“’s”即可行，词尾有s，仅把逗号择;

并列名词后，各自和共有，前者分别加，后者最后加;

若为无生命词，of所有格，前后须倒置，此是硬规则。

第四篇：高英讲课稿

Advanced English Lesson 3 Pub talk and the King’s English

Paragraph: 19-21

大家好，我今天要说课的内容是Lesson 3 Pub talk and the King’s English 的18段到21段，属于全文的最后一个部分，是对前文内容的简单小结和呼应。教学目标：

知识目标：熟悉和掌握文中出现的生词和短语，并能进行运用，了解文中出现的相关知识和人物，熟悉段落的结构和语篇意义。能力目标：通过学习，掌握说明文段落的结构，并能实际运用。

通过问题的设置，培养分析能力和理解能力。教学方法：讲授法，提问法。

Para.18 :

1、Even with the most educated and the most literate, the King’s English slips and slides in conversation.① slip and slide : slip : accidentally sliding a small distance, fall down slide: smoothly across a surface rhetoric devices: alliteration metaphor: slips and slides →the educated people make mistakes when they are talking.② paraphrase: Even the most educated and literate people do not use standard, formal English all the time in their conversation.Even the most learned people make mistakes in their conversation.2、When E.M.Forster writes of “the sinister corridor of our age”, we sit up at the vividness of the phrase, the force and even terror in the image.① ② E.M.Forster : P38 the sinister corridor of our age:the road we travel---compared to a corridor.Foster's metaphor refers to the ugly and frightening world of the 20th century which has indeed been a sinister corridor for mankind to walk down, fraught as it has been with danger on every side.③ Sit up : to make sb notice of Ex: Why don't you threaten to resign,--that would make them sit up.In this paragraph, which sentence is the central sentence ? In this paragraph ,the author put up with the main idea ,then using some examples to support the idea , make it more vivid convincible.Para.19

1、lofty：（mountain，tower）high ；(spirit)elevated

High: refers to sth a high mountain

Lofty: refers to sb a lofty style

Tall: refers to sth sb a tall man

2、great minds： people with great minds

3、salons :A salon is a drawing room or large room for entertaining guests.In 18th century France, such salons of the rich were often gathering places for persons of social and intellectual distinction.art exhibition "the Salon“.Parlor :a beauty salon

literary salon

4、The last sentence:

①Henault: P39 Pairs Parlement: P39 Mme.Deffand: P39

②paraphrase: At the salons of Mme.Deffand, Henault complained about the poor quality of the sauces, saying that the sauces prepared by Mme.Deffand’s cook and the supreme chef , Brinvillier were equally bad.The only difference between the two cooks perhaps existed in their intentions.5、What does this paragraph want to tell us? Great minds use informal words in the daily life which is different from their writing.Para.20

What does the last sentence mean in para.20? Para.21 What does the last sentence mean in para.21? Use a sentence to conclude the paragraph 20 and 21.Those people who ruin the conversation by trying to talk sense are just like chimpanzees who are not capable of conversation.

第五篇：英语专业全英毕业论文(汉英公示语翻译)

本 科 毕 业 论 文

题 目：On English Translation of Chinese

Public Signs 院（系）：

外语系

班 级： 英语 级 班 姓 名： 学 号： 指导教师： 教师职称：

汉英公示语的翻译

摘要

公示语向来被称作“城市的脸孔"，是给所有到中国来的外国人士留下第一印象的中国名片。然而，公示语翻译的错误比比皆是，这大大影响了公示语作用的发挥，削弱了我国的国际形象。为了树立我国良好的国际形象，不断规范和完善城市公示语的翻译成为了一项亟待完成的工作。

基于以上原因，作者尝试从理论和实践的角度分析现今汉英公示语翻译中所存在的一些问题。通过对大量标准以及问题公示语翻译的深入观察分析，作者对公示语的一般特征进行了总结并对公示语翻译中出现的问题进行了分类，从而在实践观察和对相关理论深入研究的基础上提出相应的翻译策略。

翻译并不仅仅是跨语言行为，它更是一种文化信息的传递。公示语的翻译同样如此。得体的公示语翻译不仅在语言上要无懈可击，在文化信息传递上也要雅俗共赏。本文还对公示语的概念做出了解释，并根据目的需求与功能两种标准对公示语做了分类。在介绍公示语的特征时，作者将其分为语言特征与功能特征，特征与分类不同，也决定了需要采取不同的翻译策略。

关键词：汉英翻译；公示语；问题；翻译策略

I

On English Translation of Chinese Public

Signs

Abstract

Public signs, which have always been referred to “face of city”, are the first impression of China for the people who come to China.However, the ubiquitous translation mistakes of public signs greatly undermine the international image of China.So, specificating and constantly perfecting the translation of public signs have become an urgent work in order to establish a good international image.The paper ventures an attempt to analyze the current problems existing in the C-E translation of public signs and to seek proper translational strategies both from the perspectives of theory and practice．By closely observing numerous samples of both standard and problematic translation of signs，the author manages to generalize the characteristics of public signs and to categorize the problems and mistakes in the current C-E translation of public signs．Then, proper translational strategies are proposed on the basis of in-depth study of relevant theories and keen observation of practice．

Translation is not merely a cross-linguistic activity, but more of a transmission of cultural information．The translation of public signs is no exception．An appropriate translation of public sign should not only be

II

linguistically correct, but also culturally acceptable．This paper expresses the meaning of the public signs and classify the signs according to the standards of objective demand and function.And the characteristics of the public signs are different studied from linguistic features and functional features, which determines to adopt different translation strategies.Key words: Chinese-English translation

public sign

problems translation strategy

III

Contents

摘要……………………………………………………………………I Abstract………………………………………………………….....…II

CHAPTER I

Introduction……………………………………...…...1 1.1 Objective of the study…………………………………………...1 1.2 Significance of the study……………………..……….…..…......1 1.3 Structure of the paper……………………………….….…...…....2 CHAPTER II General Introduction to Public Signs……….…….…...3 2.1 Definition of Public Signs……..............................................……3 2.2 Functions of Public Signs…………………………….…….….....3 2.2.1 Directing function…………………………………..………..4 2.2.2 Prompting function……………………………….….………4 2.2.3 Restricting function…………………………….…..…...…...4 2.2.4 Compelling function………………………….…..……….....5 CHAPTER III

Analysis on Problems in C-E Translation of Public Signs……....…………………………….…………….…...………....6 3.1 Linguistic translation problems…………………..…...….………6

3.1.1 Spelling errors…………………………………..……...…….6

3.1.2 Grammatical errors…………………………….…..….……..6

3.1.3 Wrong dictions……………………………….……….……...7

IV

3.2 Cultural translation problems……………………...……..…….....7 CHAPTER IV Strategies of C-E Public Signs Translation and Requirementfor Translator………………………………….….……..9 4.1 Principles of C-E translation of Public Signs……………………..9 4.1.1 Clearness…………………..………………...……………….9 4.1.2 Conciseness………………..…...…………………………...10 4.1.3 Simple words……………………………….……………….10 4.2 Methods of C-E translation of Public Signs……….....……....….11 4.2.1 Modification…………..……………………..……..……….11 4.2.2 Addition…………………..………………...……..………...11 4.2.3 Omission……………………………….………….………..12 4.2.4 Mutual transformation of affirmative and negative expressions……………………………..…...…………………….13 4.3 Requirement for the translators…………....….…………..……..13 CHAPTER V Conclusion………………………….…………….…….15 Acknowledgements………………………….…….……………..……16 Works Cited……………………………………….………….………..17

V

CHAPTER I

Introduction 1.1 Objective of the study

The research objective of the study is to examine the translation problems in the Chinese-English public signs translation and further propose the translation strategies as well as principles suitable for specific groups.The studies begin with the careful and long period of observation of the problems existing in the public signs translation.On the basis of the classification of the translation errors proposed by Christiane Nord, the author aims at the most appropriate translation strategies for each type.With the examination of sufficient sources, the author finds that it is not difficult to eliminate the errors at linguistic level since the text of the public signs is less complex than documentary and other instrumental texts due to its conciseness and directness features(Ni 18).1.2 Significance of the study

Public Signs affect people’s life in a tremendous way.When somebody smokes, it is the public sign that stops him.In fascinating and mysterious spots where we have never been to, it is the public sign that teaches us related knowledge.Foreign visitors from all walks of life，such as entrepreneurs，professors，students and tourists come to China for various purposes．But for most of them，they know little about Chinese．In this case，it is necessary to translate Chinese public signs into English for the convenience of these foreign visitors．In this case, a proper translation helps establish a good image of China and enhance the cultural communication.1.3 Structure of the paper

The paper is structured with five chapters：

The first chapter is a general introduction to the thesis, including the objective of the study, the structure of the thesis and the significance of the study.The second chapter makes a general introduction to public sign, including the definition and functions of public sign.The third chapter focuses on the problems of C-E translation of public signs from linguistics and cultural perspectives.The fourth chapter deals with translation strategies of C-E public signs in connection with principles, methods and the standardization for the translators, including modification, addition, omission and mutual transformation of affirmative and negative expressions.And the fifth chapter draws a conclusion to the paper，in which the author appeals for translators and scholars to make contributions to the C-E translation of public signs．

CHAPTER II General Introduction to Public Signs 2.1 Definition of Public Signs Public Signs，which are usually called“signs”，include public notices，advertisements，slogans and expressions on the public signs．Public signs refer to “signs” in English and are defined in different ways.According to Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English(1997)，a sign is a piece of paper, metal, or wood with words or a picture that gives information，warnings，or instructions.In that sense, public sign is the general terms for indicators，signs，traffic signs, posters, slogans, warning, short notices，short instructions，stickers，and are becoming the catch word and the buzzword．All in all, public signs are so widely used and played important roles in our daily life.2.2 Functions of Public Signs Public signs are essential to the normal operation of the society and their influence is also visible in almost every aspect of our daily life．Sometimes，we have to admit that our lives cannot do without the proper guidance that public signs provide to us．However, what usually happens is that we are prone to be bewildered by various public signs and the enormous information they convey to us．Therefore, it would be necessary to classify the public signs in terms of their functions as well as the status of information that they deliver． 2.2.1 Directing function

Directing is the most basic function of public signs, this type of public signs is used to give readers related information about what the institution is，what it deals with and what kind of service it can provide．For example:

Take Away(外卖)，Gas Station(加油站), Emergency Exit(紧急出口), Business Hours(营业时间)，Pause(暂停)，Menu(菜单)，Airport Security(机场安检).From the examples above we may tell that the language and the tone of these public signs are generally neutral，reflecting no attitude towards receptors．Therefore，public signs of this kind are purely informative rather than vocative． 2.2.2 Prompting function

Promoting signs are similar to the directive ones in their informative function.While the difference is the former ．carries the tone of warning，reminding the readers to pay some attention to certain things or activities．For example：

Keep Clear(请保持清洁), Keep Silence(请保持安静), Wet Paint(油漆未干)，Fully Booked(客满)，Beware of Pickpockets(小心扒手)，Maximum Height(限高).2.2.3 Restricting function

Public Signs with restricting function impose restriction or even prohibition on receptors.The language used in this kind of signs are simple and direct but are not in rude，tough or impolite way．We can list some of them as following：

Pay In Cash(现金支付), Slow Out(减速慢行), Keep Silence(保持安静), 30 Minutes Parking(限停30分钟), Seat By Number(对号入座), Stand In Line(排队等候).2.2.4 Compelling function

Compelling function is the strongest considerable mood.It is used to prohibit the readers to do something or must do something.The language used is usually forceful，with no possibility of making a compromise．The sign with this function which we mostly often see is“No Smoking禁止吸烟”，that is to say that smoking is

completely forbidden．Imperative sentence is not enough to express this strong mood，usually, we use“No+„”form，for example，“No Food禁止携带食物”．More examples：

Don’t Touch(禁止触摸), No Cameras(禁止拍照)，No Visitors(游客止步), No Trucks(卡车禁止通行), Dogs Not Allowed(禁止带狗入内).Translation of the public signs, translators not only need to grasp their function features since we use different mood to express different function, but also should keep their language features in mind during the translating.CHAPTER III

Analysis on Problems in C-E Translation of

Public Signs

3.1 Linguistic translation problems

Linguistic translation errors are often due to deficiencies in the translator's source or target language competence(Nord 77).And in his book Pragmatics and English Language He Ziran explained that by making linguistic errors，the translators and interpreters fail to conform to the target language structures，instead they blindly translate the source text in their own language structures(157).Professor Wang Yinquan, classifies linguistic translation errors into: spelling mistakes, grammar mistakes and wrong diction(32).3.1.1 Spelling errors Spelling errors are typical translation problems in bilingual public signs.The reasons for this type of errors attribute to the three factors: the incompetent language acquisition, the laziness of the translator when writing, the uncertainty of the correct spelling, among which the third type is most difficult to be identified.For example: 3.1.2 Grammatical errors

Apart from spelling mistakes，many grammatical errors also occur in the translated signs．These errors appear in various forms，most of which result from the translator’s poor command of the English language or irresponsible working attitude．As a result，the translated public signs cannot be of any help to the target readers．Sometimes they may do damage the image of our city．For example:

室内停车场(Car Park)—It may be apparent to tell that the translator intends to use the word“park”as a noun to express the meaning of parking place for automobiles．However, as a noun the word actually means a public place where

people can entertain themselves with the landscape or public facilities in it．Therefore, it will be advisable to use the gerund form of the word “park”and translate it as“Indoor Parking”． 3.1.3 Wrong dictions

Wrong Dictions occur when the translator doesn’t make right choices of words in the target culture that will lead to unsuccessful expression of the correct information to the target text receivers.In fact, many English words have more than one meaning.Sometimes one word used to describe the source culture may not be applicable in another situation and the diction is conditioned.The words chosen for each text might vary according to different semantic and syntactic features in different situations.For example:

请勿采摘花朵--Please Don’t Pick Flowers.Here use“pick”to describe the gesture.In fact, there is a variety of expression in English corresponding with “摘”, of which one of the expressions is “pick”.But in the given circumstances, “pick”doesn’t equate with “摘”.“Pick” means to select among a variety of choices, but here the sender wants to persuade people not to pluck the flowers.The error is due to the confusion about the seemingly identical usage of one word.3.2 Cultural translation problems

As we all know, people in different cultures may view the same thing in different ways and differ in the perspective of cognition．At the same time，they express the same idea in different way．As far as Chinese and English are concerned, culture differences are tremendous．Translation breaks down language barriers and thus realizes communication between cultures using different languages.In this sense, target readers approach to people of source culture whose beliefs, backgrounds, perception of the world are distinct from their own.For example: 古装照相 It is ancient to pack photo “古装照相” is a typical Chinese term.In English, people don’t have the correspondent term.According to the public signs translation convention, the signs which are composed of Chinese noun phrases are expected to have the same structure in English version, so the sentence is not correct in terms of the sentence structure.Also concerning the meaning of the sentence, it is wrongly translated that the foreigners can’t get the message which leads to the pragmatic failure of the assumed function.The correct version should be “Photos in ancient costume”.CHAPTER IV

Strategies for C-E Public Signs Translation

4.1 Principles of C-E translation of Public Signs

As we know, different functions need different language forms to convey and each language style possesses its special principles.Ni Chuanbin and Liu Zhi analyze the language principles of public signs in their essay“The Principles for C-E Translation of Public Signs and its Cases Study”，published in Shanghai Journal of Translators for Science and Technology(18)．

Firstly, the signs are on a board，so the language on the signs should be in concise way due to the comparatively small space．Secondly, some public signs must draw the public’s attention at the first sight and the readers can catch its meaning very quickly and correctly, especially the traffic signs，such as“Abrupt Turn Left Ahead前方急转弯”，the applied words should be simple ones instead of rare ones．At last，the meaning of the signs should be clear and easy to read，the sign is set without ambiguity.So we can know the principles in details as following: 4.1.1 Clearness

Due to the short time the target reader can spend on reading the signs the meaning of the signs should be clear and easy to be understood．As the target readers are the common people who have little knowledge related to the concerned topic，the signs should directly hit the point and there should exist no vagueness．“严禁客货混装 Don’t put passengers and cargos together”.It is hazy and not clearness.So the sign“严禁客货混装” should be translated into“No passengers on Trucks”．

The signs are set for the public and not every reader is professional，therefore when we translate signs，we should hit the point directly and clearly and should not

just talk around the bush.4.1.2 Conciseness

According to William Strunk，Jr．and E．B．White in 1979(Joan Pinkham)：“Vigorous writing is concise．A sentence should contain no unnecessary words，a paragraph no unnecessary sentences，for the same reason that a drawing should have no unnecessary lines and a machine no unnecessary parts．”It is also true of language of public signs．

Usually, the readers for public signs just give a quick look at the board with signs on when they pass by．So the language on it need not be in a complete sentence，a phrase or just a word is enough，for example，“No Smoking禁止吸烟”，“Open正在营业”，we need not use sentences“Please do not smoke”an“We are on business”.4.1.3 Simple words

Public Signs are set for the public，target readers of this kind of materials are ordinary people，not only the native English speakers，but also other foreigners who know a little English and English is not his mother language，and target readers also include overseas Chinese who is not a English native speaker．If the English version is full of rare words and expression，it will cause a pragmatic failure of communication for public signs．There is always a small restaurant at the airport to provide fast food for the passengers，the English tablet should be“Snacks”instead of“Refection”，the later one is not often be used nowadays and we cannot find it in the dictionaries published in recent years．Take all another example，“景区环境卫生，需要您的维护”，should we translate it into“Environmental Sanitation of the Scenic Spot Needs Your Conserve”? The words“sanitation”and“environmental”

are not familial words for the public，we had better use“Keep Clear”or“No Littering”．

From the above，in order to make target readers catch the meaning at first glance，we should use the concise，clear, simple words and expressions in C-E translation of public signs．

4.2 Strategies of C-E translation of Public Signs 4.2.1 Modification

Generally speaking, it is always the case that the reader in the culture of the target language may not share the cultural background of the source language．Therefore，when dealing with culture-loaded words and idioms，the translator sometimes has to make cultural modification so as to generate the same feedback from the target text reader with that of the source text reader, and as for the translation of public signs, it is no exception．For examples：

西湖的虎跑泉—Tiger Running Spring, in this public sign, the translator obviously take the actual meaning of the sign for granted by translating the word“虎跑”as“tiger running”which means that a tiger runs for the spring．

4.2.2 Addition

Some public signs，especially signs at scenic spots，tend to include dynasties，legends or other cultural elements，while most foreign visitors lack the background knowledge of China．If the public signs are translated literally, the English versions may confuse the target readers．Thus we should adopt the translation strategy of addition to supply necessary information on the basis of accurate comprehension of the original public signs．For example：

谢绝游客入内

Closed To Visitors

禁止在墙上涂写

No Scribbling On The Wall 4.2.3 Omission

Due to different aesthetic standards and cultures，Chinese writing tends to include flowery words，four-word phrases or some culture elements which are special to the Chinese culture．However, English writing pursues clear and simple expressions．In How to Help Foreigners Know China，Duan Liancheng holds a view that with the development of tourism in recent years，large numbers of brochures pamphlets and pictorials have been published for foreign tourists．A common weakness of these materials is full of flowery words and cultural elements of China which may confuse the target readers(Duan 286).So the translator should omit some adjectives or cultural elements which may pose barriers to the target readers．Then the English version will be easily understood by them．For example：

1.Source Text：慢速行驶

Version A：You must drive slowly． Version B：Drive slowly 2.Source Text：前方学校

Version A：There is a school ahead． Version B：School Ahead 4.2.4 Mutual transformation of affirmative and negative expressions

Mutual transformation of affirmative and negative expressions is a common strategy in translating the text of one language to the other．It is especially useful for transcending the translational difficulties due to different ways or habits of expressing ideas in Chinese and English．

In translating public signs，mutual transformation of affirmative and negative

expressions is necessary as well．In western countries especially in English—speaking countries，people tend to avoid using negative expressions in public literatures as much as possible in case that unpleasant emotion or feeling would be aroused on the part of the receptor．However, because of the difference in cultural values, negative expressions are more frequently used in Chinese public signs．Therefore，according to the theory of cultural translation, we should adopt the translational method of“Domestication”．

For example: “社会车辆禁止入内”，it is a kind of negative expression in Chinese language.While it should be translated into “Staff Only” in English, it is affirmative.4.3 Requirement for the translators The C-E translation of public signs is by no means an easy job and it requires that a translator be serious and accountable in attitude, and proficient in both the source and the target languages at the same time．A good translator should always bear in mind the features and characteristics of public signs.Only if the translators acquire the expertise in the source and target languages as well as the source and target cultures can they produce qualified versions.In addition, as for the making process of signs, the local governments should choose reliable and efficient sign-making units by means of bidding to undertake the job.And the translation should be tested in the foreigners to ensure the acceptability.Then a supervision organization in charge of public signs should be established to make sure that some common English versions are accurate and unified.CHAPTER V

Conclusion

Based on the previous discussions and analyses, the major findings of this study can be summarized as follow:

Firstly, the linguistic translation problems account for the reasons for spelling, grammatical and wrong dictions problems.Translators should improve their language acquisition in dealing with the problems.Secondly, as to cultural problems, the translators are advised to adopt communicative translation.To be more specific, the translation strategies are adaptation, restructuring, semi-literal translation, etc.Thirdly, the C-E translation involves the principles and the methods.The principles include three points of clearness, conciseness and simple words.The translation takes place in a given situation or in another sense, the methods of C-E translation of public signs should be divided into four: modification, addition, omission and mutual transformation of affirmative and negative expressions.Actually, the problems of the translation of public signs are far more complicated than the thesis．The problems that have been discussed and proposed with strategies to are just a tiny tip of the whole iceberg．With the development of the society, it is sure that more and more public signs will come out by taking various forms，and new problems in translating them will turn up．Therefore，the classification of public signs and mistranslation, as well as the strategies for the betterment of the current status of sign translation, although the author attempts to let them be, are not all-inclusive and universally accurate.It is a long and hard way for us to go.Acknowledgements

I would like to express my heartfelt thanks to those who offered me their sincere support and encouragement in the process of my thesis writing．

First of all, I’d like to give my sincere thanks to my teacher, Kangbing.She has given me valuable instructions on my study.Whenever I need her help, she always enthusiastically offers me.During the process of the completion of the thesis, from the researches chosen to be analyzed to the final composition, her patient and helpful instructions have benefited me a great deal.Her strict requirements have enabled me to learn how to do research work, and her kind encouragement have been supporting me to the end.Second, my true thanks also go to all the teachers who guide me in the field of business English.Finally, my family and friends give me great encouragement and support during the composition of the thesis.I’d like to send them my heartfelt thanks too.Work Cited

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