第一篇：新视野大学英语3文章完美翻译Unit2_passage_chinese_b
正如运动能强心、健肺、固骨、强肌一样，运动也能健脑。
对动物的一系列科学研究表明，体育活动对智力的发挥有积极作用。
伊利诺伊大学厄巴纳──尚佩恩分校的大脑科学家威廉·格里诺说，“很明显，运动使大脑受益。”
他对老鼠的研究已经表明运动具有两大功效：高强度体育运动给大脑提供更多的燃料，而技巧性运动则增强大脑神经的联结。依照某些科学家的见解，这种联结能使大脑更好地处理信息。
在一项实验中，实验鼠被分成三组：
第一组在自动轮中跑动，第二组通过一种复杂的越障训练来提高技能，第三组则不做任何运动。
“与跑动的和不运动的老鼠相比，经过越障训练的老鼠的脑神经联结数更多。”格里诺说，“相比之下，在自动轮中跑动的老鼠，较之其他两组的老鼠，其大脑的血管密度更大。”
他说，学习一种新的舞步和学习一种语言一样，都能促进大脑发展。
如果这种舞蹈还是一种良好的体育运动，则益处加倍。格里诺的另一组实验显示，年轻的大脑尤其能够通过运动来增强能力。这组实验表明，从小就锻炼的老鼠，其大脑的变化最为显著。
他说尽管动物不是人，但依此推断锻炼对老鼠带来的作用同样适用于人类也合乎逻辑。
对人类的研究主要集中在老年人身上。其结果表明，经常锻炼能提高大脑处理信息的速度。伊利诺伊大学阿瑟·克雷默测量的结果表明，63至82岁不运动的人，在完成为期10周的水上运动课程之后，听音击键的反应加快了。
对照组没有经过锻炼，其反应速度没有提高。
接受运动训练之后，人的反应速度可能会加快，这是因为与衰老有关的机能衰退实际上源于体质下降。
一些科学家推测，除了药物作用和饮食不当等相关因素外，常常归咎于衰老的大脑功能下降实际上可能是不注意保持体育运动带来的一种后果。
亚利桑那州立大学的运动学教授丹尼尔·M.兰德斯最近发表了一篇文章，对有关运动对大脑影响的科学文献进行了综述。他说：“对老年人来说，锻炼计划对维持大脑功能显得非常重要。”
许多研究表明，经常进行体育锻炼的孩子，在学业上比不活动的同学优秀。
但直到最近，人们还是认为因参加体育运动而获得的学业优势来自于增强的自信、更好的心态，以及运动后所带来的集中注意力的能力。
而现在，一些科学家修正了他们的看法，表示这可能与身体状况有关。
另一名专家皮尔斯·J.霍华德说，新的研究表明，体育锻炼提高了大脑中某些激发神经细胞生长的化学物质的含量。
因此，那些进行锻炼的人的大脑可能更有能力应付各种智力挑战。
不活动对大脑和身体都可能有负面影响。
“科学家们认识到，心即是身，身即是心，”霍华德评价道。他说，最有益的运动能身心兼顾。
第二篇：新视野大学英语3翻译
Unit1 1.无论你是多么富有经验的演说家，无论你做了多么充分的准备，你都很难在这样嘈杂招待会上发表演讲。
No matter how experienced a speaker you are, and how well you have prepared your speech, you will have difficulty making a speech at such a noisy reception.2.就像吉米妹妹的朋友都关心吉米一样，吉米也关心他们。
Just as all his sister’s friends cared about him, Jimmy cared about them.3.汽车的生产商在新车的几处都印有汽车识别号码，以便帮助找回被盗车辆。
Car manufacturers stamp a vehicle identification number at several places on new cars to help track down stolen vehicles.4.老师回来时你敢告我状的话，我就不再和你说话了。
If you dare tell on me when the teacher gets back I won’t say a word to you any more.5.有些老年人愿意独自过日子，但大多数老人选择和儿女一起生活。
Some elderly people prefer to live on their own while the great majority choose to live with their children.6.现在需要面对的事情是：如何筹集创建公司所需的资金。
Here is something that needs to be reckoned with: how to get the necessary finances to establish the company.7.每当有人帮了你，无论事情大小，无论他地位高低，你都应该对他说声“谢谢”。
When someone does something for you ,no matter how small and no matter whether he is superior or inferior ,it is proper to say ＂Thank you＂.8.蒸汽机的发明使船舶发生了变化，正如其已经改变了陆地运输一样。
The invention of the steam engine changed ships just as it had changed land transport.9.尽管经理努力帮忙，他还是不能找到问题的根源所在。Though the manager did his best to help, he was still unable to track down the source of the problem.10.这个女孩的生活天天围着哥哥转，完全明白该做什么来使哥哥高兴。
The girl, whose life revolved around her brother, had no difficulty working out what she should do to please him.11.如果你不知道自己想要什么，你最终得到的可能都是自己不想要对。
If you don’t know what you want, you might end up getting something you don’t want.12．吉米有他妹妹帮助他度过那些没有父亲的艰难日子。
Jimmy had his sister to help him get through the painful days alone without his father.Unit3 1.在思维方面，与他的行为一样，他是非常传统的。
In his thinking, as in his behavior, he is very traditional.2.教师一旦同意接受新的教学计划。他们就得面对新计划所带为他们的压力。
Once the teachers agree to accept the new teaching program, they have to face the strain it puts on them.3.从长远看，大学毕业后继续深造而不是直接参加工作是值得的。
In the long run, it is worthwhile to pursue one’s study after graduating from university instead of going to work directly.4.由于这所学校的办学宗旨是品德第一，所以道德观和学习成绩受到同样的重视。
As the school operates on the Character First principle, moral values and academic achievements are stressed equally.5.据说，原定于这个月召开的会议将推迟到下个月召开。
It is said that the meeting, which is scheduled to be held this month, will be put off till next month.6.这所学校把为学生做好人生准备当作其职责，办法是倡导一整套能使所有学生受益的道德标准。
The school sees its job as preparing its students for life by cultivating a comprehensive set of principles that can benefit all of them.7.跟在法国一样，美国在20世纪60年代也发生过文化革命。
As in France, during the 1960s in the Unites States there was a cultural revolution.8.他一旦下定决心去干一件事，就根本拦不住他。
Once he made up his mind to do something, there was no stopping him.9.学校强调的观点是：家长和孩子一起参加学校的活动是值得的。
The school stresses the idea that it is worthwhile for parents to participate in school activities together with their children.10.快下课时，老师让学生用最后的五分钟来展开激烈的讨论，依照1—10的评分标准相互评价他们当天的课堂表现。
At the end of the class, the teacher asked her students to spend the last five minutes in an energetic exchange evaluating their class performance for the day on a 1-10scale.11.为了避免引发针对他们的品格培养方案的争论，该校校长解释说，品格第一并不是要强迫学生接受某一套道德原则或宗教观念。
In order to avoid potential controversy regarding their character program, the principal of the school explains that Character First doesn’t mean forcing the students to accept a particular set of morals or religious values.12.并非所有的家长都相信海德中学的办学原则，即如果你向学生传授诸如求真、勇敢、正直领导能力、好奇心和关心他人等美德的话，学生的学习成绩就自然会提高。
Not all parents believe in the Hyde School’s principle that if you teach students the merit of such values as truth, courage, integrity, leadership, curiosity and concern, then academic achievement naturally follows.Unit4 1.从各方面考虑，这座城市都是世界上最令人激动的城市。
Everything considered, this city is the world’ s most exciting city.2.尽管没有得到父母的赞同,他还是继续他的计划出国学习。
Though with no approval from his parents, he went ahead with his plan to study abroad.3.这座桥是以一位英雄的名字，这位英雄为人民的事业献出了生命。
The bridge was named after the hero who gave his life for the cause of people.4.据说，画家是以他母亲为模特的，他母亲的面容沧桑却不失坚定。
It is said that the painter used his mother as the model in the painting whose face represented suffering yet strength.5.这位作家于 1950 年因出版一本小说而一举成名，小说的灵感来自于他和一位姑娘在农场的经历。
The writer instantly rose to fame in 1950 with the publication of a novel inspired by his experience with a girl on a farm.6.有个故事说，US 是“山姆大叔” 的缩写，“山姆大叔” 原名叫山姆威尔逊，他曾和一名男子一起工作，这名男子和美国政府签订了一份合同，给军队提供肉食。
One story says that “US” was short for “Uncle Sam” whose real name was Sam Wilson, who had once worked with a man who had signed a contract with the government to provide meat to the US Army.7.这副画上一个神色严肃的男子，身旁站着一位女子，身后是所农舍。他们的原型分别是画家的牙医和姐姐。
The painting shows a serious-looking man and a woman standing alongside him in front of a farmhouse, their models being respectively the painter’s dentist and sister.8．公司的申请书，不管是代表自己还是代表他人，都应该有官员的签名。
Applications made by corporations, whether on their own behalf or on behalf of other persons, must be signed by an official.9．做了脱口秀之后，约翰和妻子在广播和电视节目上出了名，这些节目给普通民众以启迪，而不只是向他们提供信息。
After starting out in talk shows, John rose to fame with his wife in radio and television programs that enlightened the general public, not just informed them.10．尽管有些人不赞同，可市领导还是决定实施这个计划，在湖边建造两个五星级宾馆，以吸引更多的游客。
Although some people did not approve of it, the city leaders decided to go ahead with the plan to build two five-star hotels by the lake to attract more visitors.11．那位著名画家去世了，曾经给他当模特的妻子立即担任了他装潢公司的总经理职务。
The famous painter died, and his wife, who used to be a model posing for his drawings, immediately came in as the general manager of his decoration company.12．宴会上，他们的衣着都很华丽，但吸引我注意力的却是他们的交谈方式，使得我很想和他们交谈。
At the party, all of them were richly dressed, but it was their way of talking that captured my attention so much that I felt inclined to talk with them.Unit5 1.直到看到弥留之际躺在床上的母亲，他才意识到自己是多么地爱她。
Not until he saw his mother lying in bed, dying, did he realize how much he loved her.2.考虑到他最近的身体状况，我认为他这次考试成绩还不错。Taking into account of his recent physical condition, I think he has done quite well in the exam.3.克拉克夫人躺在床上一动不动，一时间我都纳闷她是否和活着。
Mrs.Clark lies in bed motionless, and I wondered briefly if she is still alive.4.整栋楼一片黑暗，只有三楼的某个窗户透出一丝光。
The building was darkened except for a single light burning in a third-storey window.5.这些士兵接受了严格的训练，并且对完成这项新任务有充分的准备。
These soldiers have received very strict training and are well equipped to fulfill the new task.6.他伸手拿起电话，拨通了宾馆的号码。
He reached for the phone, picked it up, and dialed the hotel’ s number.7.直到60年代早期，人们似乎才普遍认同英国不再是以前心目中那样的大国了。
Not until the early sixties did it seem to be generally acknowledged that Britain was no longer a great power as previously understood.8．在决定了租房之后，我们便着手与市内所有的房屋代理商联系。
Having decided to rent a flat, we set about contacting all the accommodation agencies in the city.9．我小心翼翼地替她擦身子，尽量避免弄疼她，因为她瘦的只剩皮包骨了。
I clean her body carefully, trying to avoid hurting her, as she is only skin and bones.10．我心间对这位老人涌起了一股感情。他那暗黄的皮肤松弛地裹在显得异常大的骨头上，深陷的胸部随着不均匀的呼吸一起一伏。
There is a swell of emotion within me for this old man who is dying, his dark yellow skin hanging loosely around exaggerated bones, his sunken chest rising and falling with the uneven breaths.11．你在报上读到那位著名画家的消息了吗？他实际上是为了要成为视觉艺术大师的抱负而累死的。
Did you read about the famous painter in the newspaper? He actually worked himself to death for his ambition of becoming a master of visual art.12．有迹象表明，这位老太太想孤独地离开人世，不让她的家人看到他们或许无力面对的人生插曲。
There had been hints that the old lady wanted to die alone, sparing her family an episode that perhaps they were not equipped to handle.Unit6 1.我们应该尽最大努力预测地震，这样地震造成的财产破坏才会被尽可能的避免。
We should try our best to forecast earthquakes so that destruction of property caused by them could be prevented as much as possible.2.一个农民注意到有很多鱼在水面上游动，他说这预示着可能有地震发生。
A farmer noticed large schools of fish swimming near the surface of the water, which, he said, indicated the possible occurrence of an earthquake.3.要将英英词典放在手边，当你不能准确地理解单词时，你就能随时查阅。
Keep an English-English dictionary handy, and when you cannot understand a word with accuracy, you may refer to it any time.4.如有必要，生活在将要发生地震地区的人可以睡在帐篷里。
If necessary, people who live in the area where an earthquake is about to occur may sleep in tents.5.对一个想找工作的学生来说，有没有硕士学位的确有很大影响。
A master’ s degree does make a great difference to a student who wants to get a job.6.这本书除了告诉我们地震方面的知识外，还告诉我们如何做好预防工作。
In addition to the knowledge about earthquakes, the book tells us how to prepare for them.7.由于在地震中遇难的人大部分都是被倒塌的建筑物砸死的，所以一定要改进建筑结构，以便它们能够抵御地震的力量。
As most of the people who die in earthquakes are killed by falling buildings, building structures must be improved so that they can withstand the power of earthquakes.8．人们应该在家里和工作地点储备些水和食物，这在可能发生地震时是特别必要的。
People should have supplies of water and food at home and at work, which is especially necessary in possible occurrence of an earthquake, 9．在日本和中国，人们长期以来一直相信通过观察动物行为可以预测地震。
In both Japan and China, people have long believed that earthquakes can be forecast by watching the behavior of animals.10．除了努力改进建筑结构之外，地震多发地区的人们还应该在其他几个方面为可能发生的大地震做好准备。
Besides, working to improve building structures, people in areas where earthquakes are common should also prepare for the possibility of a great earthquake in several other aspects.11．明智的做法是每个家庭都制定地震应急计划，而且所有的家庭成员都应该知道在地震过后的混乱中如何离开那个地区。
It is sensible for every family to make earthquake emergency plans and all the family members should know how to leave the area during the chaos following an earthquake.12．由于剩下的几条可用电话线路将会很忙，所有的家人都应该往往在远离地震区域的某个朋友或亲戚家中打电话报平安。
As the few remaining working telephone lines will be very busy, all of the family members should call to check in with a friend or relative who lives far away from the earthquake-stricken area.Unit7 1.因此，以盖茨为首席执行官的微软还能走多远依然是个有趣的问题。
An interesting question therefore remains as to how far Microsoft can go with Gates as its CEO.2.抱怨是没有用的，因为抱怨并不能改变了 什么。重要的是得采取 措施预防类似事件发生。
There ’ s/It ’ s no use complaining since it can never change anything.What ’ s important is to take measures to prevent similar events from happiness again.3.要学会接受这样的事实，有些你认为是朋友的人结果确实敌人。
earn to accept the fact that some people you thought were friends turn out to be enemies.4.正如你能从书名期待的那样，书里多处提到盖茨是个怎样的人。
As you would expect from the book ’ s title, there are many references to what kind of man Gates is.5 该公司的兴隆源于公司的上上下下克勤克俭。
The prosperity of the company stems from hardworking and thrifty of the entire staff.6.就星期六晚上首次上演的那出戏，他什么也没说。
He said nothing at all on the subject of the play which was put on for the first time Saturday night.7.至于那天晚上他是怎么死的，事实上我无法解释，而且也许不会有任何可能 的解释了。
I have in fact no explanation to offer as to how he died that evening, and it may be that no possible explanation will ever be given.8．做了一件事然后说自己本来不想那样做是没有用的；如果你不想做，你就不会做了。
There is no use doing something and then saying you did not mean to do it.Had you not meant to do it, you would not have done it.9．微软公司正在研究降低其产品成本的方法，以便发展中国家的人也能买得起。Microsoft is working on ways to reduce the cost of its products so that people in developing countries can afford them.10．苹果公司也愿意将其部分软件与微软公司的产品捆绑在一起，以促进其销售。
Apple also will bundle some of its software with Microsoft products to help boost its sales.11.与评价父亲不同，人们评价母亲依据的是其为母之道的成功或失败。对于母亲来说，一切都取决于孩子最终成为什么样的人。
Unlike fathers, mothers are judged by their parenting successes or failures;for mothers, everything depends on how their kids turn out.12.人们会发现这个网站很有价值，因为我们投入了大量时间准备网站的信息。
People will find the website invaluable as we have put in a lot of time to prepare the information.Unit8 1.那个提议听出了很诱人，但如果是个骗局怎么办？
It sounds like a good idea,but what if it's a trick? 2.这一地区的城镇因为地震遭受了很大的损失，受灾最严重的地方包括九江和瑞昌。
Cities and towns in this area suffered a lot from the earthquake with Jiujiang and Ruichang among the worst-hit.3.他抱怨说，他们压根儿就不应该参与这件事。
He complained that they should not have got involved in it in the first place.4.看在玛丽的份上，我可以把车借给你，以解你的交通工具问题。
For Mary's sake,I can lend you my car to get around your transport problem.5.理论上说，克隆一个孩纸以获取器官是可行的，但实际上这么做却可能对孩纸的心理有害。
In theory it's feasible to clone a child to harvest organs,but in practice it would be psychologically harmful to the child.6.他以 Braver 为笔名发表了一篇文章，强调克隆动物的过程也同样适用于克隆人类这一观点。
He published an article under the name of Braver which stresses the idea that the process of cloning animals would work for humans as well.7.你说你不会把时间浪费在约会上，但如果遇到吸引你的男子，你会怎么办呢？
You say you will not waste your time on dating, but what if you find a guy attractive? 8.为了帮助艾滋病患者，需要有新的措施，地方社团、非政府机构、政府和国际组织之间要建立密切的合作关系。
To help people with AIDS, new approaches are needed, with close partnerships between local communities, nongovernmenr agencies, governments and international organization.9.上周，该国际传出消息说，他们正密切关注该地区的情况。
The international organization spread word last week that it was keeping a close watch over what was going on in the region.10.在导致数百人死亡的污染事件发生之后，政府开始起草环境保护指导方针。
In the wake of the pollution accident that killed hundreds of people, the government began to draft guidelines for environmental protection.11.正如这篇文章的作者所警告的，克隆人类可能是一件使人更加悲伤而非更加高兴的事。
As the author of this article warns us, human cloning might be something that makes people sadder rather than happier.12.在一些西方国家，有些父母准备克隆孩子，目的是进行非致使非致命器官的移植。
In some Western countries there are parents who are ready to clone children with nonfatal transplants in mind.Unit10 1.我去了图书馆，查阅我能找到的所有关于在百慕大三角地区船只和飞机失踪的报告
I went to the library and read whatever I could find about the causes of the mysterious disappearances of the ships and planes in the Bermuda Triangle.2.如果你继续这样对待朋友，你将失去所有朋友。
Continue treating friends like this, and you will lose them all.3.他们必须完全了解其产品，知道如何口头信件和电话进行推销
They must know their product thoroughly and know how to promote sales by word of mouth, telephone or letter.4.我突然意识到，金钱无法弥补过去五年里他所遭受的苦难。
It suddenly dawned on me that money couldn't make up for all that he had suffered in the past five years.5.有些人称翻译为科学，而另一些人则把它当作艺术
Some people refer to translation as science while others take it as art.6.我们应该发扬民主，而不应该讲个人观点强加于他人
Instead of imposing personal views upon others, we should promote democracy.7.当然新演员绝对不能停步不前，而应该尽可能地创造机会。
Certainly the new actor should never remain inactive but create opportunities wherever possible.8.他得寸进尺。
Give him an inch and he will take a mile.9.我想我们的关系很好，我们是朋友。但是外面现在正在竞争，将来也会。无论我们做什么，无论我们在什么地方，我们将还会相互竞争。
I think our relationship is good, and we’re friends.But we are competitive and we always will be.Whatever we do, wherever we are, we will be competing against each other.10.退休后，他远离政治，开始打网球。他发现打网球是一种很好的放松方式。
After retirement, he stayed out of politics and took to playing tennis, finding it a very good way of relaxation.11.过了一会，显然带着不情愿，他在电话里承认了自己的身份，并请求我原谅他。
After a while, with more than a suggestion of reluctance, he admitted his identiy and begged me to forgive him on the phone.12.在我看来，当老师的唯一缺陷，是它不太会引起公众的注意
It seems to me that the only drawback of working as a teacher is that it doesn't attract much publicity.
第三篇：新视野大学英语2文章翻译
Unit 1 English is known as a world language, regularly used by many nations whose English is not their first language.Like other languages, English has changed greatly.The history of the English language can be divided into three main periods: Old English, Middle English and Modern English.The English language started with the invasion of Britain by three Germanic tribes during the 5th century AD, and they contributed greatly to the formation of the English language.During the medieval and early modern periods, the influence of English spread throughout the British Isles, and from the early 17th century its influence began to be felt throughout the world.The processes of European exploration and colonization for several centuries led to significant change in English.Today, American English is particularly influential, due to the popularity of American cinema, television, music, trade and technology, including the Internet.人们普遍认为英语是一种世界语言，经常被许多不以英语为第一语言的国家使用。与其他语言一样，英语也发生了很大的变化。英语的历史可以分为三个主要阶段：古英语，中古英语和现代英语。英语起源于公元5世纪，当时三个日耳曼部落入侵英国，他们对英语语言的形成起了很大的作用。在中世纪和现代社会初期，英语的影响遍及不列颠群岛。从17世纪初，它的影响力开始在世界各地显现。欧洲几百年的探险和殖民过程导致了英语的重大变化。今天，由于美国电影、电视、音乐、贸易和技术、包括互联网的大受欢迎，美国英语的影响力尤其显著。
中国书法（calligraphy）是一门独特的艺术，是世界上独一无二的艺术瑰宝。中国书法艺术的形成、发展与汉文字的产生与演进存在着密不可分的关系。汉字在漫长的演变发展过程中，一方面起着交流思想、继承文化的重要作用，另一方面它本身又形成了一种独特的艺术。书法能够通过作品把书法家个人的生活感受、学识、修养、个性等折射出来，所以，通常有“字如其人”的说法。中国书法不仅是中华民族的文化瑰宝，而且在世界文化艺术宝库中独放异彩。
Chinese calligraphy is a unique art and the unique art treasure in the world.The formation and development of the Chinese calligraphy is closely related to the emergence and evolution of Chinese characters.In this long evolutionary process, Chinese characters have not only played an important role in exchanging ideas and transmitting culture but also developed into a unique art form.Calligraphic works well reflect calligraphers' personal feelings, knowledge, self-cultivation, personality, and so forth, thus there is an expression that “seeing the calligrapher's handwriting is like seeing the person”.As one of the treasures of Chinese culture, Chinese calligraphy shines splendidly in the world's treasure house of culture and art.Unit 2
A MOOC(massive open online course)is an online course aimed at unlimited participation and open access via the web.MOOCs are a recent development in distance education and have now become a surging trend in higher education.These classes are aimed at expanding a university's reach from thousands of tuition-paying students who live in town, to millions of students around the world.In addition to traditional course materials, MOOCs provide interactive user forums to support interactions between students and professors.MOOCs can encourage communication among participants who bring a variety of viewpoints, knowledge, and skills to the course;inspire people to “try on” subjects that they wouldn't otherwise pursue or even try on education itself;provide multiple ways to engage with course material, encouraging multimodal(多模式的)learning that can address the needs of learners with a variety of learning styles;and inspire better teaching and use of technologies for face-to-face courses.慕课是一种网络课程，它旨在通过网络实现广泛参与和开放接入。慕课是远程教育迈出的最新一步，现已在高等教育领域迅速引领潮流。通过这些课程，大学可以扩大影响的范围，从影响成千上万住在城里付学费的学生，扩展到惠及全球上百万的学生。除了拥有传统的课程资料，慕课还给使用者提供互动论坛，支持学生和讲师之间的交流。慕课能够促进参与者之间的交流，使得多种观点、知识和技能涌现到课堂上来；它鼓励人们尝试之前不可能尝试的课程，甚至是尝试新的教育方式；它提供多种学习课程资料的方式，鼓励多模式学习，以各种学习风格满足学习者的需求；另外，慕课促进教学的改善，使技术在面对面授课中得以更好地应用。
近年来，随着互联网技术的发展，我国的数字化教育资源建设取得了巨大的成就。很多高校建立了自己的数字化学习的平台，数字化教学在教育中发挥着越来越大的作用。和传统教学方式相比，数字化教学方式有很大的优势。一方面，数字化教学使教学资源得以全球共享；另一方面，它拓展了学习者的学习时间和空间，人们可以随时随地通过互联网进入数字化的虚拟学校学习。这使得人类从接受一次性教育走向终身学习成为可能。
In recent years, with the development of Internet technology, the construction of digital education resources of our country has made great achievements.Many universities have set up their own digital learning platforms, and digital teaching is playing an increasingly important role in education.Compared with the traditional way of teaching, the digital way has a lot of advantages.On one hand, digital teaching makes global sharing of teaching resources possible;on the other hand, it expands the learner's study time and space to learn, allowing people to get access to the digital virtual schools through the Internet anytime and anywhere.These advantages make it possible for people to shift from one-time learning to lifelong learning.Unit 4 Valentine's Day on February 14 is celebrated in various American and European countries.It is a holiday of love and romance usually by exchanging valentines or love tokens between lovers.There are different origins regarding the festival.One legend goes that the Romans put a priest named Saint Valentine into prison for refusing to believe in the Roman gods.On February 14, Valentine was put to death not only because he was Christian, but also because he had cured the jailer's daughter of blindness.The night before he was executed he wrote her a farewell letter signed “From your Valentine”.Later, February 14 became a holiday for people to show affection for their loved ones.Today, people celebrate Valentine's Day in different ways, sending greeting cards and flowers, giving chocolate or other gifts, or joining in romantic dinners.The holiday has now become popular all over the world.In China the festival is also becoming increasingly popular with young people.美洲和欧洲各国都会庆祝2月14日的情人节。这是一个充满爱情和浪漫的节日，恋人之间通常都会交换情人卡和爱情信物。关于这个节日的起源有着不同的说法。一个传说是罗马人把一个叫圣瓦伦丁的神父关进了监狱，因为他拒绝相信罗马神。2月14日那天，瓦伦丁被处死，不仅因为他是基督徒，而且因为他曾治愈了一位监狱看守双目失明的女儿。他在被处死的前一天晚上给她写了一封署名“你的瓦伦丁”的告别信。后来，2月14日就成了一个人们可以为他们的情人展示感情的节日。现在，人们以不同的方式庆祝情人节，他们发送贺卡、鲜花，赠送巧克力或其他礼品，或共进浪漫的晚餐。现在这个节日已流行世界各地。在中国，这个节日也正越来越受年轻人的欢迎。
农历七月初七是中国的七夕节(Qixi Festival)，是中国传统节日中最具浪漫色彩的一个节日。一些大的商家每年都举办不同的活动，年轻人也送礼物给他们的情人。因此，七夕节被认为是中国的“情人节”(Valentine's Day)。七夕节来自牛郎与织女（Cowherd and Weaving Maid）的传说。相传，每年的这个夜晚，天上的织女都会与牛郎相会。所以，在七夕的夜晚，人们可以看到牛郎织女在银河（the Milky Way）相会。姑娘们也会在这一天晚上向天上的织女乞求智慧，以获得美满姻缘。但随着时代的变迁，这些活动正在消失，唯有标志着忠贞爱情的牛郎织女的传说一直流传民间。
July 7th on the Chinese calendar is Chinese Qixi Festival, the most romantic of all the traditional Chinese holidays.Every year, some big businesses organize various activities, and young people send gifts to their lovers.As a result, the Qixi Festival is considered to be Chinese “Valentine's Day”.The Qixi Festival is derived from the legend of Cowherd and Weaving Maid.The legend holds that on this particular night every year the Weaving Maid in heaven meets with Cowherd.So, people can see Cowherd and Weaving Maid meeting in the Milky Way on the night of Qixi.On this night, girls would also beg Weaving Maid for some wisdom for a happy marriage.But, with the changing of times, these activities are diminishing.All that remains is the legend of Cowherd and Weaving Maid, a sign of faithful love, continuously circulated among the folk.Unit 7
The color and style of a wedding gown can depend on the religion and culture of the wedding participants.For example, in Western cultures brides often choose a white wedding dress, while in China the traditional wedding dress is in red.Though white has become the most preferred color for wedding gowns across the world today, this was not a widespread trend before the Victorian era.White became a popular option in 1840, when Queen Victoria wore a white gown at her wedding.The official wedding photograph was widely published, and many brides chose white to become the followers of the Queen.Many people believed that the color white symbolized virginity, though this was not the original intention.As far as the style is concerned, wedding dresses were once typically short in the front with a longer train in the back.This tendency continued until the late 1960s, when it became popular to revert to long, full-skirted designs.婚纱礼服的颜色和款式可取决于婚礼参与者的宗教和文化。例如，在西方文化中新娘通常会选择白色的婚纱，而在中国，传统的结婚礼服是红色的。虽然白色已成为当今婚纱礼服在世界各地最受青睐的颜色，可是这在维多利亚时期之前并不是一个普遍的潮流。白色在1840年成为了一个受欢迎的选择，那年维多利亚女王在她的婚礼上穿了一件白色的礼服。官方的婚礼照片被广泛刊登后，很多新娘都仿效女王选择白色。很多人相信白色象征着童贞，尽管这不是她们选择白色的初衷。就款式而言，婚纱礼服曾一度是前面短短的、后面是长长的裙摆。这种趋势一直持续到20世纪60年代后期，那个时期全长裙边的设计恢复了流行。
中国是丝绸的故乡，因而有很多与丝绸相关的艺术，刺绣（embroidery）就是其中的一种。刺绣是中国民间传统手工艺之一，至少有两、三千年的历史。从事刺绣的多为女子，因此刺绣又被称为“女红”（women's needlework）。刺绣在中国受到了人们广泛的喜爱。刺绣可用来装饰衣物，如在衣服、被子、枕套（pillowcase）等物品上绣上美丽的图案，也可制作成特别的饰品（ornament）。中国有四大名绣: 苏州的苏绣、广东的粤绣、湖南的湘绣以及四川的蜀绣。各种绣法不仅风格有差异，主题也各有不同。在这其中，苏州的苏绣最负盛名。
China is home to silk, thereby having a variety of arts related to silk, one of which is embroidery.Embroidery, with at least two or three thousand years of history, is one of the Chinese traditional folk arts and crafts.Since most embroiderers are women, it's also called “women's needlework”.Embroidery has been much-loved by the Chinese people.It can be used to beautify clothing and things.For example, clothes, quilts, pillowcases etc.can be embroidered with beautiful designs, or a piece of embroidery can be made for a special ornament.There are four most famous types of embroidery in China: Suxiu from Suzhou, Yuexiu from Guangdong, Xiangxiu from Hunan, and Shuxiu from Sichuan, each having its own style and theme.Among the four, Suzhou embroidery has enjoyed the highest reputation.Unit 8
The World Wide Fund for Nature(WWF)is an international non-governmental organization working on issues regarding the conservation, research and restoration of the environment.The organization was originally named the World Wildlife Fund in 1961.In 1986, it changed its name to World Wide Fund for Nature to better reflect the scope of its activities.With over five million supporters worldwide, it is the world's largest independent conservation organization, working in more than 100 countries and supporting about 1,300 conservation and environmental projects.Its mission is to stop destroying the planet's natural environment and to build a future in which humans live in harmony with nature.Currently, much of its work focuses on the conservation of oceans and coasts, forests, and freshwater.Among other issues, it is also concerned with endangered species, pollution and climate change.They now need, above all, money to carry out its missions and handle conservation emergencies.世界自然基金会（WWF）是一个致力于有关保护、研究和修复环境议题的国际性非政府组织。该组织最初于1961年被命名为世界野生动物基金会。1986年，它更名为世界自然基金会，以更好地反映其活动范围。它是世界上最大的、独立的自然保护组织，拥有世界各地超过500万的支持者，在100多个国家开展工作，并援助约1,300个与自然和环境保护有关的项目。它的任务是阻止破坏地球的生态环境，建立一个能使人类与自然和谐相处的未来。目前，其大部分工作都集中在对海洋和海岸、森林、淡水的保护。在其他问题上，它也关注濒危物种，污染和气候变化。现在他们最需要的是资金，以履行其使命和处理与自然保护有关的突发事件。
新中国成立以来，特别是改革开放以来，中国政府在生态环境(eco-environmental)保护方面做出了大量努力，取得了有效进展。政府采取了一系列保护和改善生态环境的重大举措，譬如积极推进重点生态工程，加强生态系统建设(ecosystem)及生物多样性保护(biodiversity conservation)，建立了一批自然保护区(nature reservation)、生态示范区(ecological demonstration zones)、风景名胜区和森林公园。加强生态环境的保护和建设，实现人与自然和谐相处，是构建社会主义和谐社会（harmonious society）的重要目标之一。环境保护和生态文明建设为中国经济、社会的可持续发展提供了坚实的基础。
Since the founding of New China, especially since the economic reform and door-opening to the world, the Chinese government has made considerable efforts in eco-environmental protection and achieved effective progress.The government has taken a series of important measures to protect and improve the ecological environment, such as actively promoting key ecological projects, enhancing ecosystem construction and biodiversity conservation, establishing a number of nature reservations, ecological demonstration zones, scenic spots and forest parks.One of the important goals of building a socialist harmonious society is to strengthen ecological protection and construction and to achieve harmony between man and nature.Environmental protection and ecological civilization construction have provided a solid foundation for the sustainable development of China's economy and society.
第四篇：新视野大学英语3翻译汉译英
U1 无论你是多么富有经验的演说家，无论你做了多么充分的准备，你都会很难在这样嘈杂的招待会上发表演讲。No matter how experienced a speaker you are, and how well you have prepared your speech, you will have difficulty making a speech at such a noisy reception.就像吉米妹妹的朋友都关心吉米一样，吉米也关心他们。Just as all his sister’s friends cared about him, Jimmy cared about them.汽车生产商在新车的几处都印有汽车识别号码，以便帮助找回被盗的车辆。Car manufacturers stamp a vehicle identification number at several places on new cars to help track down stolen vehicles.老师回来的时候你敢告我状的话，我就不再和你说话了。If you dare tell on me when the teacher gets back I won’t say a word to you any more.有些老年人愿意独自过日子，但大多数老人选择和儿女一起生活。Some elderly people prefer to live on their own while the great majority choose to live with their children.我现在需要面对的事情是：如何筹集创建公司所需的资金。Here is something that needs to be reckoned with: how to get the necessary finances to establish the company.UNIT2 被告是一位年仅30岁的女子，她坚持称自己无罪。The defendant, a woman of only 30, kept insisting on her own innocence.总体看来，枣，豆类以及一些多叶的绿色蔬菜是最好的铁质来源。All tings considered, dates, beans and some leafy green vegetables are the best sources of iron.正餐时不供应饮料，饮料会影响消化。No beverages are served with meals because they interfere with digestion.考虑到那个地区受欢迎的程度，提前订旅馆是明智的。Taking the popularity of the region into consideration, it is advisable to book hotels in advance.服药后若有呕吐感，请立即停止服用并尽快咨询医生。If you have a feeling of wanting to throw up after taking this drug, stop taking it immediately and consult your doctors as soon as possible.总结这次讨论时，他说双方都要好好考虑怎样以最有效地方法来解决这一问题。Summing up the discussion, he said both parties should consider the most effective way to solve the problem.UNIT4 从各方面讨论，这座城市都是世界上最令人激动的城市。Everything considered, this city is the world’s most exciting city.尽管没有得到父母的赞同，他还是继续他的计划出国学习。Though with no approval from his parents, he went ahead with his plan to study abroad.这座桥是以一位英雄的名字命名的，这位英雄为人民的事业献出了生命。The bridge was named after the hero who gave his life for the cause of people.据说，画家是以他母亲为模特的。他母亲的面容沧桑却不失坚定。It is said that the painter used his mother as the model in the painting whose face represented suffering yet strength.这位作家于1950年因出版一本小说而成名，小说的灵感来自他和一位姑娘来自农场的经历 The writer instantly rose to fame in 1950 with the publication of a novel inspired by his experience with a girl on a farm.有个故事说，US山姆大叔的缩写，它曾和一名男子一起工作，这名男子和美国政府签订了一份合同，给军队提供肉食。One story says that “US” was short for “Uncle Sam” whose real name was Sam Wilson, who had once worked with a man who had signed a contract with the government to provide meat to the US Army.UNIT5 直到看见弥留之际看见躺在场上的母亲，他才意识到自己是多么地爱她。Not until he saw his mother lying in bed, dying, did he realize how much he loved her.考虑到他最近的身体状况，我认为他这次考试成绩还不错。Taking into account of his recent physical condition, I think he has done quite well in the exam.克拉克夫人躺在床上一动不动，一时间我都纳闷她是否活着。Mrs.Clark lies in bed motionless, and I wondered briefly if she is still alive.整栋楼一片漆黑，只有三楼的某个窗户透出一丝光。The building was darkened except for a single light burning in a third-storey window.这些士兵接受了严格的训练，并对完成这项新任务有充分的准备。These soldiers have received very strict training and are well equipped to fulfill the new task.他伸手拿起电话，拨通了宾馆的的号码。He reached for the phone, picked it up, and dialed the hotel’s number.我们应该尽最大努力预测地震，这样地震造成的财产破坏才会被尽可能地避免。We should try our best to forecast earthquakes so that destruction of property caused by them could be prevented as much as possible.一个农民注意到有很多鱼在水面上游动，他说这预示着可能有地震发生。A farmer noticed large schools of fish swimming near the surface of the water, which, he said, indicated the possible occurrence of an earthquake.要将英英词典放在手边。当你不能准确地理解单词时，你就能随时查阅。`Keep an English-English dictionary handy, and when you cannot understand a word with accuracy, you may refer to it any time.如有必要，生活在将要发生地震地区的人可以睡在帐篷里。If necessary, people who live in the area where an earthquake is about to occur may sleep in tents.对一个想找工作的学生来说，有没有硕士学位的确有很大影响。A master's degree does make a great difference to a student who wants to get a job.这本书除了告诉我们地震方面的知识外，还告诉我们如何做好预防工作。In addition to the knowledge about earthquakes, the book tells us how to prepare for them.When someone does something for you, no matter how small and no matter whether he is superior or inferior, it is proper to say “Thank you”.每当有人帮了你，无论事情大小，无论他地位高低，你都应该对他说声“谢谢”。
The invention of the steam engine changed ships just as it had changed land transport.蒸汽机的发明使船舶发生了变化，正如其已经改变了陆地运输一样
Though the manager did his best to help, he was still unable to track down the source of the problem.尽管经理努力帮忙，他还是不能找到问题的根源所在。
The girl, whose life revolved around her brother, had no difficulty working out what she should do to please him.这个女孩的生活天天围着哥哥转，完全明白该做什么来使哥哥高兴。
If you don't know what you want, you might end up getting something you don't want.如果你不知道自己想要什么，你最终得到的可能都是自己不想要的。
Jimmy had his sister to help him get through the painful days alone without his father.吉米有他妹妹帮助他度过那些没有父亲的艰难日子。
As a way to remedy iron deficiency, experts recommend meat, chicken and fish, the best sources of iron, and the only sources of the form of iron most readily absorbed by the body.作为补救缺铁的一种办法，专家推荐食用肉、鸡和鱼，它们是最好的铁质来源，也是唯一最容易被身体吸收的铁质来源。
Iron reserves gone to zero, you feel weak, tired and out of breath, which is the typical symptom of the third stage of iron deficiency.铁质储量为零时，你会觉得虚弱，疲乏无力，喘不过气，这是缺铁第三阶段的典型症状。
Endurance athletes, particularly females, who frequently have iron deficiency, may bounce back if they consume additional meat or take iron supplements.耐力运动员，尤其是女性，经常会缺铁，如果增食肉类食物或服用铁质补剂，能够恢复到健康状态。According to the sports medicine expert, it is advisable for those who suffer from fatigue and poor performance to eat red meat, which contains the most easily absorbed form of iron.这位运动医学专家认为，感到劳累、工作效率差的人，最好食用牛肉、羊肉，它们含有最易被吸收的铁质。
People with low iron reserves should consult a physician to see if the deficiency should be corrected by modifying their diet or by taking supplements.铁质储量低的人应该去咨询医生，看看是否应通过调整饮食或服用铁质补剂来校正不足。
In general, if you ignore the amount of iron you take in and do not pay attention to warning signs before iron reserves are gone, you will be in trouble.一般说来，如果你忽视自己摄入的铁质含量，不在铁质储备失去之前注意警告信号，你会有危险。
As in France, during the 1960s in the United States there was a cultural revolution.跟在法国一样，美国在20世纪60年代也发生过文化革命。
Once he made up his mind to do something, there was no stopping him.他一旦下定决心去干一件事，就根本拦不住他。
The school stresses the idea that it is worthwhile for parents to participate in school activities together with their children.学校强调的观点是：家长和孩子一起参加学校的活动是值得的。
At the end of the class, the teacher asked her students to spend the last five minutes in an energetic exchange evaluating their class performance for the day on a 1-10 scale.快下课时，老师让学生用最后的五分钟来展开激烈的讨论，依照1－10的评分标准相互评价他们当天的课堂表现。
In order to avoid potential controversy regarding their character program, the principal of the school explains that Character First doesn't mean forcing the students to accept a particular set of morals or religious values.为了避免引发针对他们的品格培养方案的争论，该校校长解释说，品格第一并不是要强迫学生接受某一套道德原则或宗教观念。
Not all parents believe in the Hyde School's principle that if you teach students the merit of such values as truth, courage, integrity, leadership, curiosity and concern, then academic achievement naturally follows.并非所有的家长都相信海德中学的办学原则，即如果你向学生传授诸如求真、勇敢、正直、领导能力、好奇心和关心他人等美德的话，学生的学习成绩就自然会提高。The painting shows a serious-looking man and a woman standing alongside him in front of a farmhouse, their models being respectively the painter's dentist and sister.这幅画上一个神色严肃的男子，身旁站着一位女子，身后是所农舍。他们的原型分别是画家的牙医和姐姐。
Applications made by corporations, whether on their own behalf or on behalf of other persons, must be signed by an official.公司的申请书，不管是代表自己还是代表他人，都应该有官员的签名。
After starting out in talk shows, John rose to fame with his wife in radio and television programs that enlightened the general public, not just informed them.做了脱口秀之后，约翰和妻子在广播和电视节目上出了名，这些节目给普通民众以启迪，而不只是向他们提供信息。
Although some people did not approve of it, the city leaders decided to go ahead with the plan to build two five-star hotels by the lake to attract more visitors.尽管有些人不赞同，可市领导还是决定实施这个计划，在湖边建造两个五星级宾馆，以吸引更多的游客。
The famous painter died, and his wife, who used to be a model posing for his drawings, immediately came in as the general manager of his decoration company.那位著名画家去世了，曾经给他当模特的妻子立即担任了他装潢公司的总经理职务。
At the party, all of them were richly dressed, but it was their way of talking that captured my attention so much that I felt inclined to talk with them.宴会上，他们的衣着都很华丽，但吸引我注意力的却是他们的交谈方式，使得我很想和他们交谈。
Not until the early sixties did it seem to be generally acknowledged that Britain was no longer a great power as previously understood.直到60年代早期，人们似乎才普遍认同英国不再是以前心目中那样的大国了。
Having decided to rent a flat, we set about contacting all the accommodation agencies in the city.在决定了租房之后，我们便着手与市内所有的房屋代理商联系。
I clean her body carefully, trying to avoid hurting her, as she is only skin and bones.我小心翼翼地替她擦身子，尽量避免弄疼她，因为她瘦得只剩皮包骨了。
There is a swell of emotion within me for this old man who is dying, his dark yellow skin hanging loosely around exaggerated bones, his sunken chest rising and falling with the uneven breaths.我心间对这位老人涌起了一股感情。他那暗黄的皮肤松驰地裹在显得异常大的骨头上，深陷的胸部随着不均匀的呼吸一起一伏。
Did you read about the famous painter in the newspaper? He actually worked himself to death for his ambition of becoming a master of visual art.你在报上读到那位著名画家的消息了吗？他实际上是为了要成为视觉艺术大师的抱负而累死的。
There had been hints that the old lady wanted to die alone, sparing her family an episode that perhaps they were not equipped to handle.有迹象表明，这位老太太想孤独地离开人世，不让她的家人看到他们或许无力面对的人生插曲。
As most of the people who die in earthquakes are killed by falling buildings, building structures must be improved so that they can withstand the power of earthquakes.由于在地震中遇难的人大部分都是被倒塌的建筑物砸死的，所以一定要改进建筑结构，以便它们能够抵御地震的力量。
People should have supplies of water and food at home and at work, which is especially necessary in possible occurrence of an earthquake.人们应该在家里和工作地点储备些水和食物，这在可能发生地震时是特别必要的。
In both Japan and China, people have long believed that earthquakes can be forecast by watching the behavior of animals.在日本和中国，人们长期以来一直相信通过观察动物行为可以预测地震。
第五篇：新视野大学英语3课文翻译
新视野大学英语3课文翻译
UNIT1
我哥哥吉米出生时遇上难产，因为缺氧导致大脑受损。两年后，我出生了。从此以后，我的生活便围绕我哥哥转。伴随我成长的，是“到外面去玩，把你哥哥也带上。”不带上他，我是哪里也去不了的。因此，我怂恿邻居的孩子到我家来，尽情地玩孩子们玩的游戏。我母亲教吉米学习日常自理，比如刷牙或系皮带什么的。我父亲宅心仁厚，他的耐心和理解使一家人心贴着心。我则负责外面的事，找到那些欺负我哥哥的孩子们的父母，告他们的状，为我哥哥讨回公道。父亲和吉米形影不离。他们一道吃早饭，平时每天早上一道开车去海军航运中心，他们都在那里工作，吉米在那搬卸标有彩色代号的箱子。晚饭后，他们一道交谈，玩游戏，直到深夜。他们甚至用口哨吹相同的曲调。所以，父亲1991年因心脏病去世时，吉米几乎崩溃了，尽管他尽量不表现出来。他就是不能相信父亲去世这一事实。通常，他是一个令人愉快的人，现在却一言不发，无论说多少话都不能透过他木然的脸部表情了解他的心事。我雇了一个人和他住在一起，开车送他去上班。然而，不管我怎么努力地维持原状，吉米还是认为他熟悉的世界已经消失了。有一天，我问他：“你是不是想念爸爸？”他的嘴唇颤抖了几下，然后问我：“你怎么看，玛格丽特？他是我最好的朋友。”接着，我俩都流下了眼泪。六个月后，母亲因肺癌去世，剩下我一人来照顾吉米。吉米不能马上适应去上班时没有父亲陪着，因此搬来纽约和我一起住了一段时间。我走到哪里他就跟到哪里，他好像适应得很好。但吉米依然想住在我父母的房子里，继续干他原来的工作。我答应把他送回去。此事最后做成了。如今，他在那里生活了11年，在许多人的照料下，同时依靠自己生活得有声有色。他已成了邻里间不可或缺的人物。如果你有邮件要收，或有狗要遛，他就是你所要的人。
当然，母亲的话没错：可以有一个家，既能容纳他的缺陷又能装下我的雄心。事实上，关照像吉米这样一个深爱又感激我的人，更加丰富了我的生活，其他任何东西都不能与之相比。这一点，在9·11灾难后几天更显真切。那天是吉米57岁生日。我在纽约自己的家里为他举办生日宴会，但是我们家的人都没能来参加，因为交通困难，而且灾难带来的恐惧使他们依然心有余悸。我邀请了我的好友，请他们来帮忙把宴会弄得热闹些，增加点欢快气氛，没去理会他们多数人在情感上都有些疲惫这一事实。于是我一反常态，没说“请不要带礼物”，而是向他们喊“请带礼物来”。我的朋友──吉米认识他们多年了──带来了中意的礼物：乡村音乐CD、一件长袖运动衫、一条有“吉米”字样的皮带、一顶编织的羊毛帽，还有一套牛仔服。那天晚上，我们先是送礼物，然后是切从他喜欢的面包店里买来的巧克力蛋糕，当然还唱了“生日歌”，否则宴会就不算完整了。吉米一次次地问：“该切蛋糕了吧？”等用完餐和送完礼物后，吉米再也控制不住了。他焦急地等着点上蜡烛，然后在我们“生日快乐”的歌声中，一口长气吹灭了蜡烛。户然而吉米对我们的努力还是感到不满足。他纵身跳到椅子上，直挺着身子，双手食指朝天，一边喊一边指挥我们唱歌：“再──来──次！”我们全力以赴地唱。待我们唱完时，他翘起两个拇指喊道：“好极了！”本来我们想让他知道，无论世上有多难的事情，总是有人来关心他。现在反倒是提醒了我们自己。对于吉米来说，我们唱歌时的爱心，是他心中额外的礼物，但是他原先更想看到的，是别人再次感到快乐。有如父亲的去世一夜之间改变了吉米的世界，9·11也改变了我们的生活；我们熟悉的世界不复存在了。但是，当我们为吉米唱歌，相互紧拥，祈祷全球和平时，我们也意识到，朋友、家人间永恒的爱和支持可以让我们克服生活中的任何困难。吉米以朴素的方式为我们协调了眼前的一切，他做到这一点并不令人吃惊。吉米的爱可以征服一切，这是任何东西都限制不了的。
UNIT4
自由女神像
19世纪70年代中期，法国艺术家弗里德里克·奥古斯特·巴托尔迪正在设计一个大项目，名为“自由照耀世界”。这是一座庆祝美国独立和美法联盟的纪念碑。与此同时，他爱上了一位他在加拿大认识的女子。他母亲不赞成自己的儿子和一个她没有见过的女子恋爱，然而巴托尔迪不为所动，和心中所爱于1876年结为伉俪。同年，巴托尔迪组装完雕像的右臂和火炬，并将它们陈列在费城。据说，他用了妻子的手臂为模本，但觉得她的脸太漂亮，不适合做雕像模本。他需要这样一个女人：面容沧桑却不失坚定，庄重多于美丽。他选择了自己的母亲。1886年，自由女神像在纽约湾北部落成。雕像综合了他母亲的脸和他妻子的身材，不过巴托尔迪称之为“我的女儿，自由之神”。
芭比娃娃
在现今销售的各式各样的芭比娃娃之前，原本部门只有一种芭比娃娃。实际上，她的名字叫芭芭拉。芭芭拉·汉德勒是马特尔玩具公司的联合创始人艾略特和鲁思·汉德勒夫妇的女儿。鲁思是在见到女儿玩纸娃娃之后才想到做芭比娃娃的。芭比娃娃的三维模特是一个德国洋娃娃，一个哄成年人开心的礼物，被描绘成具有“风尘女子”的模样。马特尔公司将这个娃娃做了一番改造，变成了体面而地道的美国版本，尽管胸围有些夸张。它以当时10多岁的少女芭芭拉的名字命名。自从1959年面世，芭比娃娃就成了全球公认的“娃娃女王”。马特尔公司说，一般的美国女孩拥有10个芭比娃娃，全球每秒钟就有两个芭比娃娃售出。如今芭芭拉已有60多岁了，她拒绝接受采访，但据说她非常喜欢芭比娃娃。她可能是当今世上最著名的不为人知的人物了。1961年，芭比娃娃的男朋友面世，按芭芭拉的弟弟肯的名字命名。真正的肯于1994年去世。他对令自己全家名扬天下的娃娃极为厌恶。他在1993年说：“我可不想让我的孩子玩这洋娃娃。”
《美国哥特人》
1930年，格兰特·伍德因其画作《美国哥特人》一举成名。此画体现了美国农民庄严的自豪，常常被人复制。画面展示了一位神色严肃的男子和一位女子站立在农舍之前。伍德深受中世纪艺术家的影响，他的灵感来自于一所古老农舍的哥特式窗户，但最令世界注目的是画中人物的脸。伍德喜欢画他熟悉的脸。为画神色严肃的农夫，他选择了他那表情木讷的牙医，至于站在他身边的农妇，他选择了自己的姐姐南。他把模特的脖子稍稍画长了一些，但无疑能看出谁是画像的原型。南后来说道，《美国哥特人》带给她的名誉使她摆脱了一种非常乏味的生活。
B>野牛镍币
今天，美国的硬币都用来纪念美国政府的杰出人物，其中大部分是著名的前总统。但1913至1938年间发行的野牛镍币，却是为了纪念由美国拓居引起的两起相互关联的悲剧──野牛群的灭绝和美洲印第安人的毁灭。此前一直是白人被用作美国镍币上的模特，而著名的艺术家詹姆斯·厄尔·弗雷泽却反传统而行之，起用了三名真正的美洲印第安人作为自己创作的原型。由于大草原上不再有野牛漫步，弗雷泽为了镍币另一面上的野牛，只好到纽约中央公园的动物园里素描一只老野牛。
两年后，即1915年，此牛以100美元的价格售出，然后被宰杀取肉、剥皮，牛角制成了墙上的装饰品。
山姆大叔
美国独立战争时期，14岁的山姆·威尔逊离家出走，加入父亲和哥哥们的行列，为美国殖民地独立于英国而战。23岁时，他开始从事肉类加工业，并因为人诚实、工作勤奋而赢得声誉。
此后在1812年的战争中，威尔逊获得了一个职位，为美国军队检验肉食。他的合伙人和美国政府签订了一份合同，给军队提供肉食。送到军队的肉桶上面都印有EA-US标志，EA代表公司名，US代表原产国。传说有一回，有个政府官员来参观加工厂，问及这些字母的含义，一个想象力丰富的雇员告诉他，“US”是“山姆大叔”威尔逊的缩写。
很快，士兵们都说所有的军需品都来自“山姆大叔”。战后，政治漫画里开始出现一个名叫“山姆大叔”的人物。他的原型是一个早期漫画人物，名叫乔纳森大哥，此人在美国独立战争时期非常出名。很快，山姆大叔就取代了乔纳森大哥，成了最受美国人欢迎的象征。最令人难忘的山姆大叔的画像是由画家詹姆斯·蒙哥马利·弗拉格创作的，用在两次世界大战期间他画的很多著名的征兵招贴画上。
山姆大叔的形象是：高个子，白头发，下巴上有一小撮白胡子，身着深蓝色外套，头戴一顶高帽，上有星星点缀。这模样其实就是弗拉格的自画像。
UNIT6
从理想上说，人们希望知道地震什么时候发生，破坏程度会如何。在日本和中国，人们长期以来一直相信地震是可以预测的。在日本，科学家在陆地上和海洋中铺设电线，以监测它们的运动。而中国人的传统做法是观察动植物以获取地震的警示信号。例如，中国人注意到，地震之前母鸡的行为会有所异常：它们夜晚不肯进笼。他们还注意到，蛇会爬出地穴而冻死，狗会狂吠不已，甚至那些平常很安静的狗也会叫个不停。日本的阪神地震发生之前，有报告说大批鱼群游到了水面。有些鸟，如鸽子，也显得特别聒噪，据说地震前它们飞行的方式也与往常不同。也许最有趣、也最容易测量的，是地震前地下水发生的化学变化。实验数据似乎表明，地震前地下水中氡的含量会增高。
人们还希望能够预防地震会造成的重大财产损失。要知道，多数在地震中丧生的人都是被倒塌的建筑物砸死的。所以，具有抗震能力的房屋结构是关注的重点。钢似乎是最佳的建材，但一旦被焊接成僵硬的结构就不行了。许多新式结构都采用了一种新型的钢接合方法，即I形接合，它看来是最耐用的一种接合。这种钢接合在移动时不会断裂。同样，为了预防财产损失，建筑师如今设计楼房时会使房屋的支柱和横梁力度相等，而垂直支柱则深深插入坚实的地基中。此外，许多新型房屋都采用了较轻的屋顶和坚实的墙壁。高架桥的水泥柱先前只是在内部有钢筋，如今外面也包上了钢板。
除了设法改善建筑结构外，地震频发区的人们也需要为可能发生的大地震做好防备工作。他们应当定期检查和加固房屋，将重物放在低处，将橱柜和柜子贴墙放置，加固房门以防地震时意外脱开。除做好房屋的防震外，这些地区的人们还需要为自身做些防备。他们应该在家里和工作地储备些水和食物。最好每人储备几加仑水。储备一些可以净化水和消灭病菌的东西也很重要，这样就可以安全地饮用其他来源的水了。每人准备一周的食物。地震救生储备还包括无线电接收器、手电、备用电池、急救用品、铁锹、帐篷、绳子和保暖衣物。此外，专家们还提出了以下建议：手边备有灭火器。应该在住处、工作场所和汽车里(如果你有车的话)都存放一个。灭火器应该是可以扑灭任何火灾的那种。有必要的话，准备一些能关闭煤气和自来水管道的特制工具。准备一个备用的户外烹调和取暖用具，可以准备一个便携式露营灶和几小罐煤气。在住处、工作场所和汽车里放一双厚重、舒适的鞋或靴子。发生地震时会有大量的玻璃碎片。轻便的鞋子不能像厚重的鞋子那样保护好你的双脚。每个家庭都需要制定地震应急计划。如何让一家人在地震的混乱中安全离开？ 大家应该商定一个地震区外的会合点──可能是在几英里外的某个市镇。同样，协商好地震时家人的联络方式也很重要。地震若发生在大城市，市里的许多电话线路很可能中断，剩下的为数不多的可用线
路会很忙，因为灾难之后自然会有许多电话，要从市里的一个地方打到另一个地方会很困难。但可能通向市外的电话是通的。明智的安排是，让所有的家人都给一个住在一百多英里之外的朋友或亲戚打个电话，以报平安。尽管科学家们仍无法预测地震，但对地壳中的大板块如何移动，板块间的压力如何，地震如何发生，某地区发生地震的一般概率为多少，他们了解得越来越多。在不久的将来，精确预测地震将成为可能。然而，即使可以预测，居住在地震频发区的人们还是应尽力预防灾难，办法是建造能够抵抗地表运动的房屋，同时做好个人准备。在挽救生命和防止家庭损失方面，这些预防措施会发挥很大的作用。教育人们如何在地震中求生，应该是所有政府规划和地震研究项目的重点所在。
UNIT7
“我19岁看到了未来，并将我的所见当作我事业的基点，结果证明我是对的。”──比尔·盖茨
他是当今世上最著名的商人、最有钱的富豪──1997年他的资产预计为400亿美元。
毫无疑问，他与托马斯·爱迪生、亚历山大·格雷厄姆·贝尔以及其他改变世界的伟人属于同一行列。这个自称为“黑客”的人主导着个人计算机革命，并在这一过程中使整个世界现代化。的确，将他划入任何其他行列，都可能大大淡化他对世界的影响。
盖茨的成功源自他的人格：他才华横溢、冲劲十足、争强好胜，这些加在一起令人难以置信，有时甚至令人畏惧。当这位董事长兼首席执行官走过微软大楼的走廊时，他身边的人和物就像被打开了电源，充了一万伏电。盖茨树立了榜样，微软的员工紧随其后。他的工作安排暗示着他对员工的期待。这位“微软校园”的“校长”经常每天工作16小时。的确，如果说盖茨的风格与他人有别的话，那就是他把握时间的技能。节约时间、精力充沛和专心致志是他的突出特点。他一会儿充当技术时代的国际代言人，一会儿在微软总部谋划经营策略，充分利用每一分钟，最大限度的开展工作。他总是准时，总是处于高速运转状态，他习惯利用白天的点滴空闲进餐、与朋友交谈或娱乐。微软人笑话他的接待员是天底下最勤奋的人。事实上，他有几个接待员。他或许需要有人专门安排他的旅行计划和去国外的签证。
说到旅行，他节约钱和时间也是出了名的。出差时，他尽可能坐普通民航飞机；为了节省时间，他从不托运行李。接待他的东道主也发现，他住在城里时他们很省钱。他的时间表上没有计划旅游的时间，日程表上也没有游览或观光计划。有的只是工作，工作，工作。
另一个使他与众不同的特质是他令人难以置信的“多任务操作”能力。他办公时使用两台电脑，一台开有多重窗口以编排从英特网上不断接收的数据，另一台处理他接收的数以百计的电子邮件。甚至他在用可视电话主持会议时，还能审核数据。盖茨主要通过以下三种方法来经营他的公司：他每天（和每晚）发出100封或更多电子邮件；他大约每月与由专家和顾问组成的高层管理委员会会晤一次；更重要的是，他每天召开两三个小型碰头会，接连与会的是研发公司各种产品的团队。他不作指名道姓的个别谈话，也不作太多的表扬，只作顺时针方向的圆桌会谈，仔细听取每个人的意见。遇到不太明白的说法，他就询问甚至质疑他的手下。“请就此明示，”他会这么说，希望把不清楚的地方弄明白。他作出的每个决定，都是基于对其价值的了解。他不需要依赖个人权术。
比尔·盖茨读六年级时，他父母送他去看心理医生。一年后，经过多次看医生和检查，医生有了结论。“您管不了他的，”他对盖茨的母亲玛丽说。“最好接受现实，打他是不管用的。” 自从盖茨从哈佛退学转去攻克计算机操作系统和应用软件，22年来他一直是那些企图挤进这个市场的竞争对手的死敌。
1975年初，他19岁，还在哈佛大学读书，他和保罗·艾伦写了一份程序设计语言的编译程序，供MITS（微仪表和自动系统公司）的Altair电脑用，这是第一台商业个人电脑。
盖茨是个勤奋的编码者和竞争对手，而艾伦却是个充满幻想的梦想家，正是他们的这种密切关系给微软垫定了第一块砖。1976年，盖茨开始许可计算机生产商直接配销微软软件产品，这大大增加了微软的利润。尽管MITS很快就关闭了，微软却已吸引住了新的顾客，还包括当时一些小硬件公司，如苹果公司，柯摩多尔公司和坦迪公司。1980年，IBM（美国国际商用机器公司）邀请微软为其新产品即IBM个人电脑（IBM PC）编写一整套程序设计语言。盖茨提议微软也可以生产操作系统（即微软磁盘操作系统，MS-DOS）。于是IMB PC和MS-DOS便捆绑在一起，并于1981年8月面世。整个20世纪80年代，微软稳定发展。到了90年代，MS-DOS已出口到世界各地，成了独霸全球的软件平台。到1995年，全世界大约85%的个人电脑使用微软操作系统。如今，“微软校园”成了新思想和新产品的“家园”，产品数量目前超过200种。其雇员迅速增加到将近18,000人，利润达到60亿美元。到1992年，至少有3,400名微软雇员因持有微软股份而成为百万富翁。盖茨说，他希望再经营微软十年，并许诺之后会将主要精力放在家庭和捐赠自己的钱财上。但是这不会是你听到他的最后的故事。在发达国家，几乎人人都已使用或正在使用含有他的部件的产品。人们借用微软浏览器上网，观看梦工厂带来的影片。人们唯独不知道的是，不久的将来他还会干什么。
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