第一篇:西南大学《英语写作一》(高)网上作业题及答案
[0172]《英语写作一》(高)
第一次
[判断题]Short sentences are less emphatic than long ones.参考答案:错误
[判断题]There is a metaphor in “My love is like a red, red rose.”
参考答案:错误
[判断题]Native words are more informal than Latinate words.参考答案:正确
[判断题]“It is ages since I saw you last time” is an antithesis.参考答案:错误
[判断题]According to rhetoric, sentences are loose, periodic and balanced.参考答案:正确
[判断题]Good diction means proper words in proper places.参考答案:正确
[判断题]Sentence fragment is a complete sentence.参考答案:错误
[判断题]Transferred epithet is also called hypallage.参考答案:正确
[判断题]Simile means symbol
参考答案:错误
[判断题]Another word for hyperbole is overstatement
参考答案:正确
第二次
[判断题]The most important qualities of effective sentences are unity, coherence, and conciseness.参考答案:正确
[判断题]Words from French are less formal than native words
参考答案:错误
[判断题]Anglo-Saxon words are more formal than words from Latin.参考答案:错误
[判断题]A comparison paragraph is concerned with differences between two subjects参考答案:错误
[判断题]There is a simile in “He is a snake in the grass.”
参考答案:错误
[判断题]In the English language, there are many words from French and Latin.参考答案:正确
[判断题]A topic sentence states the main idea of a paragraph.参考答案:正确
[判断题]Loose and periodic sentences are the same
参考答案:错误
[判断题]Denotation means connotation.参考答案:错误
[判断题]We must use more short sentences in telling stories
参考答案:正确
第三次
[论述题]What is metonymy?
参考答案:
a figure of speech characterized by the substitution of one term for another with which it is closely associated.Or according to Webster's New International Dictionary, metonymy “consists in using the name of one thing for that of something else with which it is associated.Examples are ”The pen is mightier than the sword”;“She was raised on the bottle”;”Look, the kettle is boiling”
[论述题]What is figure of speech?
参考答案:
the artistic arrangement of language.It is the estrangement and defamiliarization of ordinary expressions for special effects.It
emphasizes the fact that linguistic effect is perceptible to the mind and the eye.Generally, we distinguish figures of similarity that include simile, metaphor, and personification;figures of relationship that incorporate metonymy, synecdoche, epithet, allusion, and pun;and figures of opposition that include oxymoron, irony, and paradox.A different distinction, however, is made between figures of speech and figures of thought.Figures of speech, or rhetorical figures, refer to the artful employment of language in such a way as to retain its literal meaning.It is the change of form, not meaning.Figures of thought, also known as tropes, however, involve changes in the meaning of words.They appeal to the mind of the reader and audience.A trope, as Quintilian put it, is the “conversion of a word or phrase from its proper signification to another.” And a figure, he said, is a form of speech different from the ”ordinary mode of expression.”
第四次
[论述题]What is metaphor?
参考答案:
A metaphor is a figure of speech in which one thing is described in terms of another.In a metaphor there is an implicit comparison between two things which are essentially different.There is, however, a common quality shared by the two things compared.A metaphor, unlike a simile, is without such words as “like” or ”as.” A metaphor can be used for emphasis, ornament, defamiliarization, and the like.[论述题]What is simile?
参考答案:
A figure of speech in which an explicit comparison is made between two distinctly different things.The comparison is made explicit by the use of such words as “like” and ”as.” Sometimes, similes are even introduced by words like compare, liken, resemble, than, appears, and seems.A
metaphor differs from a simile in that it is without the word “like” or ”as.” It is a compressed simile.But the use of “like” or ”as” in a sentence or line does not always indicate there is a simile in it.For example, there is no simile if one says “The child looks like his father.” Though comparison does exist here, it is not made between two essentially dissimilar things.Familiar instances of similes are ”as stubborn as a mule,” “as clear as a bell,” ”as fast as the wind,” “as timid as a hare,” ”as cool as a cucumber,” and “He smokes like a chimney.” 第五次
[论述题]What is a loose sentence?
参考答案:
one in which the main clause is followed by the subordinate clause.The reverse arrangement makes a periodic sentence.Loose sentences are more frequently used than periodic sentences.But periodic sentences are often used for emphasis or sentence variety.”I was absent because I was ill” is loose;and "Because I was ill, I was absent” is periodic.[论述题]What is a periodic sentence?
参考答案:
From a rhetorical point of view, sentences are loose, balanced, or
periodic.A periodic sentence expresses the main idea at or near the end of the sentence.It is not grammatically complete until the end is reached.The reader does not know what the sentence is mainly about until he or she finishes reading it.Thus a sense of suspense and curiosity is created.An example is the sentence that begins Jane Austen's novel Pride and Prejudice: It is a truth universally acknowledged that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife.This sentence is not complete either in syntax or meaning before the last word.So it is clearly of the periodic structure.第六次
[论述题]What is parallelism?
参考答案:
a writer's technique of using similar grammatical forms to express similar ideas.A commonly employed device in poetry and prose, it consists of similarly constructed words, phrases, clauses, or sentences.The elements in a parallel structure are not only of similar syntactic forms but also of equal importance.Most parallel structures are composed of three or more than three elements, but some have only two elements.In the latter case, the two elements are combined with a coordinating or correlative conjunction.[论述题]What is a paragraph?
参考答案:
a unit, section or subdivision in a piece of writing.It is a group of sentences dealing with a particular point.A good paragraph has at least three qualities: unity, coherence, and sufficient development.Sentences
in a typical paragraph can be put into four groups according to their functions.They are paragraph introducer, paragraph developers, viewpoint or context modulator, and paragraph terminator.Ways of
paragraph development include: time order, space order, listing method, example method, comparison, contrast, definition, cause and effect, classification, division or analysis, and process description.
第二篇:(0846)《英语写作》网上作业题及答案
[0846]《英语写作》 第一次作业
[论述题]
Define the following writing termsOutline2 Thesis sentenceNarration4Description
参考答案:
1.a general explanation or description of the content of a discourse;the details being omitted.Roughly speaking, there are three types of outlines: the topic, the sentence and the paragraph outlines.All entries in a topic outline are nouns, noun phrases, gerund phrases or infinitive phrases.All entries in a sentence outline, however, are complete sentences.These two types must not be mixed.A paragraph outline provides something like the topic sentences of the paragraphs of the discourse.A few rules must be observed when one writes an outline.(1)The thesis must be a complete declarative sentence.It is general and objective.(2)Do not use single subdivisions.If “I” appears, ”II” or “III” must also appear.If there is an ”A,” there must be a “B” at least.(3)Do not mix a topic outline with a sentence outline.(4)A formal outline follows a strict parallelism.The following is the skeleton of a possible sample outline.Thesis statement:(a sentence stating the controlling idea of the discourse)I.Introduction
II.Main idea
Sub-idea
Sub-idea
Supporting detail
Supporting detail
Fact 1
Fact 2
III.Main idea
Sub-idea
Sub-idea
Supporting detail
Supporting detail
Supporting detail
Sub-idea
IV.Conclusion
2.the sentence that states the main thought of the whole essay
3.one of the four major types of writing, the other three being description, exposition, and
argumentation.Narrative writing gives an account of events or experiences in chronological order;that is, in the order in which they occurred.A writer can also use the flashback method of
story-telling, starting with an important point in the sequence of events to be narrated and then going back in time.A story can be narrated from the first person point of view or from the third person point of view.Two kinds of narration are discriminated: the straight or simple narrative and the plot narrative.The former records a series of events without introducing complications and solutions.The latter makes use of suspense and climax, stresses cause and effect, and is usually fictional.In its broad sense, narrative writing includes stories, biographies, histories, news items, and narrative poems.Narration does not work alone.It goes hand in hand with description.4.one of the four major forms or types of discourse.It means painting in words a picture of a
person, place, object, scene or setting.It enables the reader to see, hear, taste or feel in imagination.Description is seldom used for its sake.It goes hand in hand with narration, exposition or even argumentation.While narration follows time order, description makes use of space order.Scientific description is objective while literary description is impressionistic, and journalistic description is a combination of the two.In literary description, figurative language abounds.Metaphor, simile and personification are the most commonly used figures of speech.第二次作业
[论述题]
Define the following writing termsExposition2ArgumentationStyle4Induction
参考答案:one of the four major types of writing.Its function is to explain, explore or expound.Ways of development used in expository compositions include: definition, illustration, comparison, contrast, classification, analysis, cause and effect, and generalization.one of the four main types of writing, the other three being narration, description, and exposition.An argumentative essay aims to convince or persuade the reader that something is true or false.3 the distinctive and unique manner of expression in prose or verse.It is a writer's characteristic manner of arranging words to achieve certain effects.”Style is,” in the words of the French
naturalist and critic Buffon, “the man himself.” A twentieth century American poet Robert Frost said, ”I am not satisfied to let it go with the aphorism that style is the man…Rather, his style is the way he carries himself toward his ideas and deeds”The term is employed to refer to one of the two basic kinds of reasoning in argumentation, the other being deduction.Induction is a process of logical reasoning which moves from the specific to the general, while deduction begins with the general and ends with the specific.第三次作业
[论述题]
Define the following writing terms
1Summary2Deduction
3Book Report4fallacy of composition
5Post hoc fallacy6Syllogism
参考答案:
1a type of writing by which the writer restates the main ideas and facts of the original passage or work.To write a summary is to omit the details, reduce the examples, simplify the descriptions, and eliminate the repetitions of the original work.The writer is not supposed to judge or evaluate.2one of the logical reasoning processes, the other being induction.Deduction is the process of drawing a conclusion through reasoning from general premises to a specific premise.Deduction is usually presented in the form of syllogism:
Major premise: All mammals are animals.Minor premise: All sharks are mammals.Conclusion: Therefore, all sharks are animals.3a type of writing practiced by student writers after they have read a book.A typical book report consists of three parts: a brief introduction to the original author's name, life and publications;a summary of the main ideas and facts in the original work, or a summary of the story in a work of literature;and the student writer's analysis or evaluation.4Also known as “garbled syllogism,” it is a fallacy in logical reasoning.It happens when a distributive and individual characteristic is confused with a collective characteristic;it is the attribution of individual characteristic to the class.An example is as follows:
Every teacher of the university is rich.Therefore the university is rich.5a fallacy in logical argumentation.It is the logical fallacy of believing that temporal succession suggests a causal relation.When one confuses correlation with causation, one commits the post hoc fallacy.This happens when one asserts that if one thing happens after another, the first must be the cause of the second.It is the assumption that because one thing follows another that the one thing was caused by the other.A post hoc fallacy is usually in the following form:
A occurs before B.Therefore A is the cause of B.6in deductive reasoning, a method of presenting a logical argument that derives its conclusion from two premises or propositions.In its most basic form, the syllogism consists of three divisions: a major premise, a minor premise, and a conclusion.An example of a syllogism is:
Major premise: When it rains, the streets get wet.Minor premise: It is raining.Conclusion: The streets are wet.第四次作业
[论述题]
Give brief answers to the following questions.1.What is a complete composition?
2.What is the difference between paragraph development by
comparison and by contrast?
3.What is the difference between coherence and unity?
4.Can you name three ways of beginning a composition? And what are
they?
5.What are the two major logical reasoning methods? Explain them.参考答案:
1.an essay that has a beginning paragraph, some developing paragraphs ans a concluding paragraph.The four major types of composition are narration, description, exposition and argumentation.2.comparison paragraphs aiming at the similarities;and contrast paragraphs aiming at differences
3.coherence being concerned with form, order and structure;unity with idea and meaning
4.by asking a question;by telling a story;and by having a quotation
5.induction and deduction;explanations being ommitted
第五次作业
[论述题]
Give brief answers to the following questions.1.Can you explain simile and metaphor, please?
2.Can you name three ways of essay development?
3.What's the difference between exposition and argumentation? 4.What is the order to be used in narration?
5.What is the order to be used in description?
参考答案:
Simile: A figure of speech in which an explicit comparison is made between two distinctly different things.The comparison is made explicit by the use of such words as ”like” and “as.” Sometimes, similes are even introduced by words like compare, liken, resemble, than, appears, and seems.A metaphor differs from a simile in that it is without the word ”like” or “as.” It is a compressed simile.But the use of ”like” or “as” in a sentence or line does not always indicate there is a simile in it.For example, there is no simile if one says ”The child looks like his father.” Though comparison does exist here, it is not made between two essentially dissimilar things.Familiar instances of similes are “as stubborn as a mule,” ”as clear as a bell,” “as fast as the wind,” ”as timid as a hare,” “as cool as a cucumber,” and ”He smokes like a chimney.” The following example is taken from Robert Burns's “A Red, Red Rose”:
O my Luve's like a red, red rose,That's newly sprung in June.O my Luve's like the melodie,That's sweetly play'd in tune.A metaphor is a figure of speech in which one thing is described in terms of another.In a metaphor there is an implicit comparison between two things which are essentially different.There is, however, a common quality shared by the two things compared.A metaphor, unlike a simile, is without such words as ”like” or "as.” A metaphor can be used for emphasis, ornament, defamiliarization, and the like.2.by time;by comparison;and by contrast
3.Exposition: one of the four major types of writing.Its function is to explain, explore or expound.Ways of development used in expository compositions include: definition, illustration, comparison, contrast, classification, analysis, cause and effect, and generalization.Argumentation: one of the four main types of writing, the other three being narration, description, and exposition.An argumentative essay aims to convince or persuade the reader that something is true or false.time orderspace order
第三篇:西南大学《教育学》网络作业题及答案2
2011年秋季西南大学《教育学》作业题及答案
2一、名词解释
1.学校教育
学校教育是与社会教育相对的概念。专指受教育者在各类学校内所接受的各种教育活动。是教育制度重要组成部分。一般说来,学校教育包括初等教育、中等教育和高等教育。
2.探究学习
是在学生在主动参与的前提下,根据自己的猜想或假设,在科学理论指导下,运用科学的方法对问题进行研究,在研究过程中获得创新实践能力、获得思维发展,自主构建知识体系的一种学习方式。
3、个案研究法
是指对某一个体、某一群体或某一组织在较长时间里连续进行调查,从而研究其行为发展变化的全过程,这种研究方法也称为案例研究法。
个案研究法(case study method)亦称个案历史法。追踪研究某一个体或团体的行为的一种方法。它包括对一个或几个个案材料的收集、记录,并写出个案报告。在现场收集数据的叫做“实地调查”。它通常采用观察、面谈、收集文件证据、描述统计、测验、问卷、图片、影片或录像资料等方法。
4.《大教学论》
17世纪,捷克教育家夸美纽斯(J.A.Comenius,1592—1670)所著《大教学论》(《GreatDidacticofComenius》)(1632)是教育学形成独立学科的开始。
主要观点:反对封建的、经院主义的教育,系统阐述适应新兴资产阶级要求的教育观点,包括教育的目的、作用、制度、内容和途径。提出教学必须“遵循自然”,并论证教学的“简易性”、“彻底性”、“简明性和迅速性”等原则。为近代最早的有系统的教育学著作
二、简答
1.简述转化后进生的方法
答:(1)用春天般的爱来转化后进生陶行知先生曾说过:“谁不爱学生,谁就不能教育好学生。” 苏霍姆林斯基也曾说过:“同情心和由衷的关怀是教育才能的血和肉”。我们只有对学生发自内心真挚的爱,才能使他们感到无比的温暖,才能点燃学生积极上进的火花。
(2)善于发现“闪光点”来转化后进生 法国教育家卢梭曾经说过:“表扬学生微小的进步,要比嘲笑其显著的恶迹高明得多”。当他们犯错误时,应尽力避免在公开场合下批评,以维护他们的“面子”,这将对提高后进生学习信心和成绩起到很大的作用。
(3)创造良好的学习氛围来转化后进生在教学中,要用良好的教学设计来激发学生的学习兴趣,创造一种利于激发学生内驱力的环境氛围;要对后进生以表扬为主,抓住每一次的闪光点对他们进行表扬;要设计相宜的课堂练习,使后进生在课堂上能轻松地完成练习,他们便有向更高目标奋斗的希望。
(4)持之以恒,反复教育来转化后进生,他们学习具有不稳定性,所以要持之以恒反复的进行教育,不放弃。
(5)树立信心,耐心辅导来转化后进生教师要花功夫、下力气并要有百分之一百的耐心来辅导和帮助他们改进学习方法,提高学习效率,在后进生通过努力取得成绩时既要立即肯定,又要提出新的目标,让他们对学习重新树起信心。
(6)要十分重视家庭教育的作用,积极做好后进生家长的工作,取得家长的配合和帮助。这样,学校、家庭、社会多方面配合,齐抓共管,形成合力,才能达到共同教育的目的。
2.简述教师应当具备的素养
答:"素养"是指一个人通过长期的学习和实践在某一方面所达到的高度,包括功用性素养和非功用性素养。
(1)、优秀的组织能力。作为一个教师,他首先应该是一个组织者,应当具备优秀的组织能力。只有这样,他才能很好地组织学生,领导学生,引导学生,使自己的教育教学工作获得较大的成功。否则,他的教学过程和育人过程都会成为一盘散沙,很难获得良好的教育效果。虽然新课程标准要求以人为本,尊重个性,提倡让学生自主发展,淡化教师的主导地位,但是不是否定教师的主导作用,教师仍然需要成为学生自主学习、自主探索的组织者和引路人。
(2)、杰出的教学能力。教师具备渊博的学识和全新的教育理念,是搞好教育工作的前提,但是,光有这还不够,他还必须具备杰出的教学能力。因为教学过程是一门艺术,教师必须在教学的过程中,不断地丰富和发展自己的教学艺术,要形成自己的独特的教学艺术特色。要使自己渊博的知识和全新的教育理念在自己的教学过程中得到
凸现和发挥。要能够全面地把握自己所任学科的教学内容和教学重难点,要有居高临下、一览众山小的宏伟气势来驾驭教材、驾驭学生、驾驭自己的教学过程。要使自己的教学艺术在自己的教学过程中得到淋漓尽致的发挥。要让你的学生和你自己在你的教学过程中得到美好的艺术享受,这样,你才不会觉得自己的教学工作枯燥,学生才不会觉得学习你教的课程无味。
(3)、优秀的育人能力。教师的工作不仅是要教书,而且是要育人。是要通过教书为手段,达到育人的目的。无论是哪一个科目的教师,都不能只是为了教书而教书,教死书而不育人。这样,你的书也是教不好的。教师应当以教材为载体,以教学过程为形式,对学生产生潜移默化的影响。要把育人贯穿于教学过程的始终,要讲究育人的方法,淡化育人的痕迹,达到育人的效果。教师在育人的同时,要注意良师的楷模功能,益友的合作功能,严父的管理功能,慈母的呵护功能,全方位的育人,让学生全方位的形成健全的人格。
(4)、良好的教研能力。一个不研究教学艺术,不探讨教法的改革的教师,不是一个称职的教师,起码不是一个优秀的教师。作为一个有上进心的教师,一个爱岗敬业的教师,他一定会认真地及时地研究教学方法的改革,及时地总结教学心得,不断地更新知识,改进方法,使自己的教育理念伴随着时代的步伐,渗透鲜明的改革特色,不断地丰富和发展,并且会将自己的教研成果转化为教学成果。
3.简述教育目的的功能
答:教育目的的功能:指教育目的对实际教育活动所具有的作用。
(一)对教育活动的定向功能
具体体现为:一是对教育社会性质的定向作用,对教育“为谁培养人”具有明确的规定。二是对人培养的定向作用。三是对课程选择及其建设的定向作用。四是对教师教学方向的定向作用。
(二)对教育活动的调控功能
一是通过确定价值的方式来进行调控。二是通过标准的方式进行调控。三是通过目标的方式来进行调控。
(三)对教育活动的评价功能
一是对价值变异情况的判断与评价。二是对教育效果的评价上。
4.简述布鲁纳的教育思想
答:布鲁纳(1915-)是美国心理学家和教育家,结构主义教育思想的代表人物。布鲁纳认为,学习一间学科不仅是“学会什么”,更重要的是“知道怎样处理”, 即“学会如何学习”。他指出,“我们教一门科目,并不希望学生成为该科目的一个小型图书馆,而是要他们参与获得知识的过程,学习是一种过程,而不是结果。”在布鲁纳看来,学习的过程就是一个探索知识的过程。他强调说:“人类学习中似乎有个必不可少的成分,它像发现一样,是尽力探索情景的机会。”因此,应该把发现学习作为儿童教学的主要方法,以鼓励儿童去发现知识的奥秘,去掌握学科的结构。关于发现学习,布鲁纳指出,“用自己的头脑亲自获得知识的一切形式”都可以称为发 现学习。但学校中的发现学习不局限于对未知世界的发现,更重要的是引导学生凭借自己的力量对人类文化知识的“再发现”。其实质就是把“现象重新组织或转换, 使人能超越 现象进行再组合,从而获得新的领悟,包括寻我正确结构和意义。”总之,在布鲁纳看 来,发现学习就是在学校条件下,引导儿童从所见的事物的表面现象去探索具有规律性 的潜在结构的一种学习途径。
三、论述
1、论教育在人的发展中的地位与作用
答:辩证唯物主义认为,教育在人的发展中起主导作用。从广义上说,教育是环境的一部分,是一种经过有目的地选择和提炼的特殊环境,这就决定了它的特殊地位,即在人的身心发展中起主导作用。这是因为:第一,教育,特别是学校教育,具有明确的目的性和方向性,是专门培养人的活动。它能根据一定的社会的经济和生产力发展的需要,按照一定的方向,选择适当的内容,采取有效的方法,利用集中的时间,对人进行全面的教育和训练,使人获得比较系统的知识和技能,形成一定的世界观和道德品质。第二,教育具有较强的计划性和系统性。学校教育是在各种规章制度的严格制约下进行的,它保证了教育、教学的良好的秩序,把人的发展所需要的一切时间和空间全部地投入到可控的程序之内,使教育、教学得以顺利地进行。同时,学校教育又具有系统的学习内容,这些内容既考虑了社会发展对人才规格的需要,又考虑了知识的逻辑顺序、学生的年龄特点和接受能力。这样就保证了人才培养的高效率和高质量。第三,学校教育具有高度的组织性,学校教育是通过专门的教育机关——学校进行的。学校是按照一定的教育目的组织起来的,它是比较完整的组织机构,又有经过教育和训练的专职教育工作者。因而,它对人身心发展的作用,比其他任何影响人的条件都要有效。第四,教育可以根据个体的遗传素质,有意识地发挥其长处,弥补其不足,使先天的遗传素质向有利于身心成长的方面发展。教师通过有意识地鼓励神经类型弱、反应迟缓、胆怯、积极主动性差的学生参加集体活动,经常回答提问,来培养他们的自信心和积极性,使他们逐渐变得活泼、主动。第五,教育能对各种环境加以一定的控制和利用。它能按照预定的目的选择和提炼有利于人的身心发展的因素,克服和排除那些不利于人的发展的因素。学校可以把学生组织起来开展有教育意义的集体活动,以使他们免受不良环境的影响。可见,教育在人的身心发展中起着十分重要的作用。正因如此,有人提出了“教育万能论”的观点,认为人的发展完全是由教育决定的。17世纪英国教育思想家洛克、18世纪德国的思想家康德就是最典型的代表。”教育万能论”对教育作用的高度评价,对认识教育在人的发展中的作用具有一定的意义。但是,把教育视为人的发展的决定因素,就夸大了教育的作用。因为人的发展并不是单纯由教育决定的,而是各种条件综合作用和人的多方面的实践活动的结果。教育在人的发展中的主导作用只是相比较而言的。是相对的、有条件的。如果没有遗传为之提供相应的生理前提,没有环境的积极配合,没有社会发展作为物质基础,没有人的主观能动性的调动,教育要发挥它的主导作用也是。
第四篇:(9067)《应用文写作》网上作业题及答案
[9067]《应用文写作》
第一次作业
[单选题]撰写中国人口调查报告,所使用的最基本调查方法是
A:典型调查法
B:抽样调查法
C:分层调查法
D:普遍调查法
参考答案:D
[判断题]当代中国是社会主义市场经济时代,市场作为主要的经济手段起作用,因此,经济计划报告的使用范围已经很狭小了。
参考答案:错误
[多选题]写经济工作总结有"三忌”,是指:
A:忌流水帐
B:忌浮夸风
C:忌就事论事
D:忌突出典型
参考答案:ABC
[多选题]经济活动分析报告具有哪些特点?
A:定时定量性
B:专业性
C:指导性
D:广适性
参考答案:ABC
[多选题]做一个可行性分析报告,必须注意以下几点:
A:以事实为依据
B:以论证为基础
C:以科学做保障
D:行文必须规范紧凑
参考答案:ABCD
[判断题]经济预测报告就是对未来经济活动进行计划所形成的报告。
参考答案:错误
[多选题]以下对经济管理条规描述正确的是:
A:具有针对性和一定的强制力
B:不但适用与企业内部,对企业利益相关者也具有约束力
C:一般表现为一系列条目
D:依据宪法、经济法律和政策
参考答案:ACD
[判断题]审计报告一般由上级财务主管部门、审计部门或委托的会计师事务所来作出,企业内部不可进行审计工作
参考答案:错误
[多选题]写作经济应用文应当遵循哪些基本要求?
A:合理运用经济规律
B:适当运用文学语言
C:注重调查研究和数据资料
D:讲求实际,不重理论
参考答案:AC
[多选题]经济调查报告一般有哪几种类型?
A:基本情况调查报告
B:典型调查报告
C:揭露问题调查报告
D:重点调查报告
参考答案:ABCD
[多选题]经济应用文具有哪些特点?
A:政策性
B:专门性
C:文艺性
D:规范性
参考答案:ABD
[判断题]纳税检查报告是由国家审计机关对纳税人的纳税情况进行审计后所形成的书面报告。参考答案:错误
[判断题]在民事诉讼活动中,被告或者被上诉人对原告或者上诉人的主张进行事实和理由的辩驳所形成的文字材料,就是民事反诉书。
参考答案:错误
[多选题]经济合同具有以下主要特点:
A:合同当事人资格合法
B:当事人双方权利义务对等
C:当事人遵循平等互利,协商一致、等价有偿的原则
D:经济合同可以随时变更
参考答案:ABC
[多选题]经济合同不可缺少的要件有:
A:标的B:数量或质量
C:价款或酬金
D:履行方式、地点和期限
E:违约责任
参考答案:ACDE
[多选题]广告相对于其他多种经济文书的主要区别在于其
A:真实性
B:思想性
C:艺术性
D:情趣性
参考答案:CD
第五篇:西南大学《果树栽培学》网上试题和答案
西南大学《果树栽培学》
1:第一次作业 2:第二次作业 3:第三次作业 4:第四次作业 5:第五次作业 6:第六次作业
1:第一次作业
1:[填空题]
2.果树的根系可分为三类,即()、()、()。
参考答案: 实生根系;茎源根系;根蘖根系
2:[填空题]3.果树花芽生理分化期又可称为()。
参考答案:花芽分化临界期
3:[填空题]7.不经过授粉而形成果实的现象称为? ? 参考答案:单性结实
4:[填空题]4.果树授粉树配置的方式有()、()、()。
参考答案:中心式;行列式;等高式 5:[填空题]8.柑橘常用的树形是()
参考答案:自然圆头形
6:[填空题]9.果树修剪的三个基本方法是()、()、()
参考答案:短截;缩剪;疏剪 7:[论述题]1.果树的园艺分类
参考答案:将果树的生物学特性相似,栽培管理措施相近的果树归类在一起的分类方法 8:[填空题]5.嫁接果树时,对操作者的要求是()
参考答案:快、平、准、紧、严
9:[填空题]1.仁果类的典型代表果树是()
参考答案:苹果或梨
10:[填空题]6.仁果类的典型代表是()
参考答案:苹果或梨 11:[论述题]5.果形指数
参考答案:果实的纵径(L)/横径(D)之比,称为果形指数。12:[论述题]4.无融合生殖
参考答案:有些果树不经受精作用,也产生有繁殖能力的胚或种子。13:[论述题]3.垂直优势
参考答案:枝条因着生方位不同而出现强弱变化的现象。
14:[填空题]10.水土保持的三个工程措施是()、()、()
参考答案:梯田;鱼鳞坑;撩壕 15:[论述题]2.芽的晚熟性
参考答案:当年新梢上的芽,在第二年才能萌发的特性
2:第二次作业 1:[填空题]3.果园施肥时期一般可以分为()和()。
参考答案:基肥、追肥
2:[填空题]4.桃良好的结果枝类型是()
参考答案:长果枝
3:[填空题]1.栽培果树种类最多的科是()
参考答案:蔷薇科
4:[填空题]9.果树修剪的三个基本方法是()、()、()
参考答案: 短截;缩剪;疏剪
5:[论述题]2.果树花芽分化
参考答案:在芽的发育过程中,由叶芽的生理和组织形态开始转化为花芽的生理和组织形态的过程称花芽分化。
6:[论述题]1.果树栽培
参考答案:从果树育苗开始,经过建园、栽植、管理等一系列技术,从而获得果实的整个过程。7:[论述题]3.种子层积处理
参考答案:将落叶果树的种子与湿润的介质(通常为湿沙)一起储藏在低温又通气的条件下(2-7℃),以保证种胚完成后熟,解除休眠的措施叫层积,也称为沙藏处理。8:[论述题]4.嫁接
参考答案:将优良品种植株的枝或芽接到另一植株的枝干或根上,使其愈合长成一个新个体的方法称嫁接。
9:[论述题]5.萌芽力与成枝力
参考答案:生长枝上的芽萌发抽生枝叶的能力。萌发的芽能够抽成长枝条的能力。
10:[填空题]6.根据生长的性质不同,枝条可以分为()、()、()三种类型。
参考答案:生长枝、结果母枝、结果枝、11:[填空题]7.在我国南方栽培葡萄,通常采用的架式是()。参考答案: 篱架 12:[填空题]
8.柑橘栽植的适宜时间在()月左右。参考答案:8月下旬-9月上中旬 13:[填空题]
10.适宜梨高密度栽培的主要树形是()。
参考答案:Y形
14:[填空题]5.南方果园水土保持的工程措施主要采用的形式是()。参考答案:梯田;鱼鳞坑;撩壕 15:[填空题]
2.果树嫁接时期一般分为()季和()季
参考答案:春、秋
3:第三次作业
1:[论述题]
1.简述果树落花落果原因
参考答案:
花器发育不全;授粉受精不良引起,如低温阴雨,光照不足、昆虫授粉活动受影响等。温度太高,且伴随干旱与大风,可使花蕾期缩短,柱头生理失水严重,落花落果也严重。花期营养不良,如氮素供给不足,缺少硼、锌等微量元素,亦导致落花落果。内源激素不平衡,生长素不足,易引起果柄形成离层,直接导致生理落果。6月生理落果的主要原因是营养生长与生殖生长矛盾突出,氮素不足;营养不良。
2:[论述题]2.简述根外追肥的作用
参考答案:
(1)方法简便,省时、省力。(2)用量少,肥效高,经济。
(3)吸收快(15分-2小时),能及时补充果树的需要。(4)可防止土壤对肥料的固定,提高肥效。(5)减少生长季伤根。(6)减少环境污染。
3:[填空题]1.柑橘几大类型是()
参考答案:大翼橙类、宜昌橙类、枸橼类、柚类、橙类、宽皮柑桔类
4:[填空题]2.果树的叶片在其树冠内集中分布区域的总称叫()。参考答案:叶幕层或绿叶层
5:[填空题]3.果树的年龄时期可划分为幼年期、初结果期、()期和衰老期。参考答案:盛果期
6:[填空题]4.落叶果树在一年中的生命活动,表现为两个明显阶段即生长期和()期。参考答案:休眠
7:[填空题]5.苗木定植时常切断主根,目的是()。参考答案:促进须根生长,提早结果
8:[填空题]6.再生不定根强的树种,扦插时可用()参考答案:枝
9:[填空题]7.对旺树的修剪原则是()参考答案:轻修缓放,延迟冬修
10:[填空题]8.柑桔第二次生理落果的特征是小果()脱落。参考答案:不带果柄
11:[填空题]9.果树树干冬季涂白的目的和作用是()和防虫害。参考答案:防冻害
4:第四次作业
1:[论述题]4.无融合生殖
参考答案:有些树种或品种的胚囊里的卵子虽不经受精作用,但其助细胞、反足细胞乃至珠心和珠被可直接发育成胚,产生有繁殖能力的种子,这种现象称为无融合生殖。2:[论述题]3.葡萄伤流
参考答案:葡萄根系开始活动比地上部分早,当根系已经开始活动,并且开始吸收水分养分,如果此时修剪,枝蔓的新剪口会不断流出液体,这就是伤流。3:[论述题]2.连作忌地
参考答案:是指老果树更新后,仍栽种与前作相同的果树,其生长发育和产量品质受到抑制的现象。有人将这种现象也称为果树的再植病。4:[论述题]1.芽的晚熟性
参考答案:某些果树当年形成的芽当年一般不萌发,第二年春天才萌发的特性。5:[判断题]10.秋季病虫害或严重干旱常使梨树提早落叶引起树体开花。参考答案:正确 6:[判断题]9.柑桔有叶结果枝较无叶结果枝结果可靠,座果率高。参考答案:正确
7:[判断题]8.大多数柑桔种类在果实采收前后到次年春季萌动前进行花芽分化。参考答案:正确
8:[判断题]7.普通甜橙果顶无脐,脐橙果顶有闭合或开张的脐。参考答案:正确
9:[判断题]
5、山地果园果树较平地果园果树的果实品质差,不耐贮藏,树体寿命也短。参考答案:错误
10:[判断题]6.柑橘第一次生理落果期,小果带果梗脱落。参考答案:正确
11:[判断题]
4、钾肥施用充足能促使果树枝梢健壮充实。参考答案:正确
12:[判断题]
3、根外追肥是快速补充树体所需营养尤其是微量元素的一种有效手段。参考答案:正确
13:[判断题]
2、梨花序开放的顺序是边花先开中心花后开。参考答案:正确
14:[判断题]
1、甜橙、柚的树冠内部大多结果良好,而温州蜜柑和桔类结果部位多在树冠外围,说明前者较后者耐荫。参考答案:正确
15:[论述题]1.简述果树授粉配置的重要性
参考答案:
自花不结实的果树,栽培单一品种时,往往只开花不结果,连年无收或低产; 虽能自花结实,但进行异花授粉,能显著提高产量; 雌雄异株的果树,生产上必须按适当比例配置授粉品种。
16:[论述题]
2.简述柑橘结果枝的类型及特点
参考答案:
柑橘结果枝有五种,特性如下
1.有叶顶花枝:座果率可以达到11%左右。2.无叶顶花枝:座果率仅1.5%左右。3.有叶花序枝:座果率可以达到6%左右。4.无叶花序枝:座果率大约1.7%左右。5.腋生花枝:座果率6.4%左右。
5:第五次作业
1:[论述题]2.试述葡萄生长期修剪的内容与作用?
参考答案:
(1)抹芽定梢:当新梢长15cm左右,能够明显看出花序的大小、强弱时进行。一般相距10--15cm可留一个新梢,每平方米的架面留10--15个强梢。
(2)绑蔓和去卷须:当新梢长达25~30cm时,应把它们绑在架上,同时注意均匀排开,使架面得到充分利用。生长蔓随着新梢的伸长,须绑蔓2~5次,而结果蔓可早期摘心,绑蔓l~2次即可。
(3)摘心及副梢处理
①结果蔓的摘心:是保花保果重要的措施之一。一般在开花前1周内在花序以上留4~6叶摘心较为适宜。
②生长蔓摘心:③副梢处理(4)整理花穗与疏花疏果
由于葡萄花多果多,对于生食品种必须进行疏花疏果,以达到增产优质、壮树的目的。
2:[论述题]
1.简述柑橘结果树追肥施用的时期、特点及目的?
参考答案:
①萌芽肥
目的:壮梢壮花,延迟和减少老叶脱落。萌发前施。速效氮肥。②稳果肥
谢花时。施速效氮肥
目的:稳果.也可采用根外追施尿素和磷酸二氢钾2-3次。③壮果肥
目的:壮果、促梢。生理落果停止后。以氮肥为主,结合磷钾肥。④采果肥
采果前后;恢复树势,促进花芽分化,提高产量,改善品质。
3:[填空题]17.苗木定植时常切断主根,目的是()。
参考答案:促进侧根、须根生长,提早结果
4:[填空题]19.梨开花结果最好的结果枝是()。
参考答案:短果枝
5:[填空题]18.梨和柑桔花芽的共同特性是()。
参考答案:混合芽
6:[填空题]16.对旺树的修剪原则是()
参考答案:轻剪缓放,延迟冬剪
7:[填空题]15.柑橘常用的树形是()
参考答案:自然圆头形
8:[填空题]14.果树种子播种方法有撒播、()和条播。
参考答案:点播或穴播
9:[填空题]13.再生不定根强的树种,扦插时可用()
参考答案:枝
10:[填空题]10.树体地上部生长发育所需的水份和矿质元素,主要是靠()从土壤吸收供应。
参考答案:根
11:[填空题]12.果树的年龄时期可划分为幼年期、初结果期、()期和衰老期。
参考答案:盛果期
12:[填空题]11.解释成花最经典的理论是()
参考答案:营养物质论或C/N学说
13:[填空题]9.柑桔枝梢一年中生长量最大的枝梢类型是()。
参考答案:夏梢
14:[填空题]8.不经过授粉(或未受精)而形成果实的现象称为()
参考答案:单性结实
15:[填空题]6.果树授粉树配置的方式有()、()、()
参考答案:中心式;行列式;等高式 16:[填空题]7.水土保持的工程措施有()、()、()
参考答案:梯田;鱼鳞坑;撩壕
17:[填空题]5.柑橘几大类型是()、()、()、()、()、(参考答案:大翼橙类、宜昌橙类、枸橼类、柚类、橙类、宽皮柑桔类 18:[填空题]1.仁果类的典型代表是()
参考答案:苹果或梨
19:[填空题]4.果树修剪的三个基本方法是()、()、()
参考答案:短截;缩剪;疏剪
20:[填空题]2.落叶果树在一年中的生命活动,表现为两个明显阶段即()和()期。
参考答案:生长、休眠
21:[填空题]3.果园追肥时期主要分为()、()、()、()
参考答案:花前追肥(萌芽开花肥);花后追肥(稳果肥);壮果肥;果实生长后期追肥(采果肥)22:[论述题]5.短果枝群
参考答案: 果台上连续形成较短的果台枝,几年后多个短果枝聚生成枝群,称为短果枝群。23:[论述题]4.萌芽力
参考答案:生长枝上的芽萌发抽生枝叶的能力。24:[论述题]3.顶端优势
参考答案:生理活动比较活跃的顶端分生组织(顶芽或顶端的腋芽),常常抑制其下部侧芽生长和发育的特性。
25:[论述题]2.嫁接
参考答案:将优良品种植株的枝或芽接到另一植株的枝干或根上,使其愈合长成一个新个体的方法 26:[论述题]1.果树生产
参考答案: 包括果树栽培、育种、储藏、加工、运输、销售等各个环节的相互衔接,称为果树的产业化。
6:第六次作业
1:[判断题]1.大多数果树的花芽分化是在枝梢生长缓慢或停止后开始的。()参考答案:正确
2:[判断题]2.山地果园果树较平地果园果树的果实品质差,不耐贮藏,树体寿命也短。()参考答案:错误
3:[判断题]3.柑桔有叶结果枝较无叶结果枝结果可靠,座果率高。()
参考答案:正确
4:[判断题]5.梨为异花授粉果树,配置授粉树才能获得高产。()
参考答案:正确
5:[判断题]4.秋季病虫害或严重干旱常使梨树提早落叶引起树体开花。()
参考答案:正确
6:[判断题]6.形成愈伤组织最活跃的部位是木质部。()
参考答案:错误
7:[判断题]7.老果园更新栽植时,应该实行轮作倒茬,避免连作。()
参考答案:正确
8:[判断题]8.紧密不透风林带比稀疏透风林带的防护效果好。()
参考答案:正确
9:[判断题]9.在果园灌溉中,最节约用水的灌溉方式是地面灌溉。()
参考答案:错误
10:[判断题]10.在果树施肥上,基肥比追肥更重要。()参考答案:正确
11:[论述题]2.试述梨密植栽培控冠早果的措施及作用:
参考答案:
v1、拉枝:控旺,促花。
2、环割或环剥:控旺,促进花芽分化。
3、拿枝或别枝:控旺促花
4、摘心或剪梢;促进枝多分枝,枝梢增粗、老熟,有利于花芽分化
5、控根:控制旺长
6、生长抑制剂的使用:控旺促花
12:[论述题]1.简述果树授粉树应具备哪些条件? 参考答案:
(1)与主栽品种花期相同,花粉量大,发芽率高;
(2)与主栽品种同时进入结果期,二者寿命相等,无隔年结果现象;(3)与主栽品种的亲和力强,具有一定的产量和较高的经济价值;(4)能与主栽品种相互授粉,管理和果实成熟期大体一致。