大学英语写作

第一篇：大学英语写作

常用写作句型

1现象解释型

模板一

⑴According to the chart/graph/ table/ picture, it is clear that 图表/画内容总概括.⑵The chart/graph/ table/picture shows.⑶Many reasons contribute to 现象概括.⑷To begin with, 原因一.⑸进一步阐述原因一.⑹Moreover, 原因二.⑺In addition, 原因三.⑻As a result, 段落总结句.⑼As to me, I think 我的观点/态度/建议.⑽ First of all, 理由一.⑾ Besides, 理由二.⑿To conclude, 模板二

Topic

⑴From the chart/graph/ table/picture, we learn that nowadays, 总述社会现象/事实现象, which has aroused the great /common concern.⑵what impresses me most is.⑶That are many reasons accounting for.⑷First of all,原因一.⑸进一步阐述原因一.⑹ What is more, 原因二.⑺ For example, 举例说明原因二.⑻ In addition, 原因三.⑼As far as I am concerned, 我的观点.⑽For one thing/On one hand 理由一.⑾ For another/ On the other hand,.⑿Thus/In brief/Taking above mentioned factors into consideration, I may reasonably conclude that….常用句型

⑴As is described in the chart/graph/table/picture, in the past few decades, there have arisen sharp increase in…如图中所示，在过去的几十年中，……急剧增长。

⑵The chart/graph/table/picture describes that the figure declines/falls smoothly/markedly, it indicates that…

图表显示数字下降平缓/明显，这表明……

⑶In the chart/graph/table/picture, we can seen that there was a slight/ marked fluctuation.It reveals that…

在图表中，我们可以看到有细微/很明显的波动，这表明…

⑷Recently, the problems of …has become the focus of the public concern.近来，…问题引起公众极大的关注。

⑸There may be a combination of factors which contribute to/ are responsible for/ explain… …可能是好几个因素造成的结果。

⑹There may be several possible reasons for which will be demonstrated below.可能有几个原因导致了我们下面所要阐述的问题。

⑺It’s no easy /simple task to offer the reasons for this phenomenon which involves more than one complicated factors.要解释该现象产生的原因并不容易，因为其中涉及到很多复杂的因素。

⑻ Among all the important/convincing reasons for…,one should be emphasized… 在所有重要/有力的原因中，我们应当重点关注…

2问题解决型

模板一

Topic

⑴It is well-known that 相关背景, but nowadays 总述不良现象或问题.⑵现象具体表现一.⑶现象的具体表现二.⑷It should be paid attention to that 该现象 is causing great harm/该现象 is caused for many reasons.⑸On one hand, ⑹On the other hand,.⑺Therefore, it is high time that ⑻First of all, 解决方法一.⑼进一步阐述方法一.⑽Secondly/In addition, 解决方法二.⑾Thirdly/Besides/Morever.解决方法三.⑿Only in this way can we解决问题.模板二

Topic

⑴There has been a discussion recently about 事实现象.⑵ It is obvious that 危害一/作用一.⑶ Additionally, 危害二/作用二.⑷So how to 解决问题is worth paying attention to.⑸On one hand/ Firstly, 解决方法一.⑹进一步阐述方法二⑺On the other hand/Secondly,解决方法二.⑻For example,支持该方法的例子.⑼In addition/ Thirdly, 解决方法三.⑽In fact, more than three ways can be adopted.⑾As for me, 我的思考或看法.⑿All in all, 总结全文.常用句型

⑴It is important that effective actions should be taken to prevent the situation.⑵There is little doubt that serious attention must be called to…

⑶There is no immediate solution to the problem of…,but …might be helpful/ but the general awareness of the necessity of…might be the first step.⑷In order to make our world a better place in which we live, we should make great efforts to… ⑸To conclude, we can see the best way is…

⑹Following these methods may not guarantee the success in solution to…, but the payoff will be worth the effort.3对比选择型

模板一

Topic

⑴Different people have different views on看法/问题.⑵Somme prefer 一种看法观点.⑶Others tend to.⑷As for me, I agree to the first/ second opinion.⑸Of course, 我不赞同的观点的合理性.⑹For example, 支持其合理性的例子.⑺But 我不赞同的观点的不足.⑻The following reason can account for your preference.⑼The main reason is that 支持观点的理由一.⑽ A good example to illustrate is that 支持理由一的例子.⑾In addition/ What’s more,支持观点的理由二.⑿For the foregoing, 重申观点.模板二

Topic

⑴When it comes to事物/问题, different people will offer different opinions.⑵Some people take it for granted that 观点一.⑶In their opinion, 观点一的理由一.⑷Besides, 观点一的理由二.⑸However, others hold that观点二.⑹They maintain that 观点二的理由一.⑺And 观点二的理由二.⑻Weighing up these two arguments, I am for 观点一/观点二.⑼ On one hand, 理由一.⑽ On the other hand, ⑾ For instance, 举例说明理由二.⑿ Therefore, as stated above, 常用句式

⑴ There is a general discussion nowadays on the problem of …Some argue that …,but others set forth a totally different argument about the issue.⑵ In response to the problem, some people believe…,in their minds,…Other maintain that…, in their eyes,…

⑶ Personally, I side with the former/ latter opinion.⑷ In conclusion, it is clear that

4观点论证型

模板一

⑴ It is true that 普遍的观点.⑵ However, 不同的观点/现象.⑶ I think,我的观点.⑷ 理由或其他论据 can be listed as follows.⑸ Firstly，论据一.⑹ Secondly, 论据二.⑺ For example, 支持论据二的事例.⑻ Thirdly, 论据

三.⑼ A case in point is 支持论据三的事例.⑽ There is no doubt that 重申观点.⑾ Therefore, 与该观点相符的做法.⑿ In a word, 总结全文.模板二

Topic

⑴ Many people believe that 社会现象/事实.⑵The truth is deep and profound.⑶ As we all know,具体表现一.⑷ In addition, 具体表现二.⑸ There are numerous examples supporting this argument.⑹ A case in point is 阐述第一个例子⑺ For another example, 引出并说明第二个例子.⑻ Moreover, 阐述第三个例子.⑼All mentioned above that tells us that重申观点.⑽ But(One thing we have to notice is that)提出个人建议.⑾ In short,总结全文.常用句式

⑴ It is well known that …plays an important part in…

⑵ It is believed that …

⑶ There are many reasons explaining …

⑷ From what has been mentioned above, we may safely come to the conclusion that …

5应用文

⑴建议信模板

Date

Dear ___________,⑴ I am delighted to learn that _________.⑵ It____________.⑶ In my opinion, ________.⑷ On one hand,_________.⑸ On the other hand,_________.⑹ As to ________, I suggest ___________.⑺ If__________.⑻ It is unnecessary for you to _____________.⑼ In addition, ________________.⑽ I am sure _______________.⑾ Please inform me _________________.⑿ I amlooking forward to __________.Sincerely yours,Signature

常用句式

⑴ I would like to suggest that …/ I am writing with my suggestion that…

⑵ You have asked me for my advice with regard to …and I will try to make some conducive suggestions.⑶ If I were you, I would…

⑷ As you may agree that...⑸ I hope you will find these suggestions helpful/ practical/ useful.⑹ I hope you will take my suggestions into consideration.⑺ I would be happy to see improvements in this regard.⑻ I would be ready to discuss this matter to further details.⑵倡议书模板

Date

Dear________,⑴ I am writing this letter to call on ____________to ____________.⑵ As some of you may know,___________.⑶ In fact,___________.⑷It is necessary for us to___________.⑸ On one hand,__________.⑹ On the other hand, ______________.⑺ However,___________________.⑻So it is high

time_____________________.⑼ Firstly, ________________.⑽Secondly, _______________.⑾ If you are willing to ____________, please ______________.⑿ Join us in the action and extend ________into a spirit that dares any possible difficulties.Thank you.⑶求职信模板

Date

Dear_______,⑴ I am applying for the position of _________advertised in _________.⑵ I major in

_____.⑶ My training in ________definitely meet your qualifications.⑷ My complete resume is attached.⑸ I will graduate on____________ from_________.⑹ In addition to the required courses of this program, I have_________.⑺ I also have some experience in ___________.⑻ I believe my training and experience _________________.⑼ You will find me to be ________________⑽ I hope that you will consider me for your position.⑾ May I have a personal interview at your convenience? ⑿ I can be reached by telephone __________.Sincerely yours,Signature

常用句式

⑴ I am writing to apply for the post of …advertised in …

⑵ In reply to your advertisement in…, I beg to apply for the post …in your company.⑶ I feel I have the qualifications and experiences needed for the position of …

⑷ I shall bring with me the full details of my testimonials as you request.⑸ I hope I may be granted an interview when I can explain my qualification more fully.⑹ It seems that my experience, together with my education, has given me ideal preparation to assume the role of…in your firm.

第二篇：大学英语写作

1.对立观点式

A．有人认为#是好事，赞成#，为什么？

B．有人认为# 是坏事，反对#，为什么？

C．我的看法。

模板:

With the development of our society, # has increasingly become a common concern of the public.(可再加一句情况说明)

Some people are in favor of the idea of doing #.They point out the fact that 支持# 的第一个原因.They also argue that 支持# 的另一个原因.However, other people stand on a different ground.They consider it harmful to do #.They firmly point out that 反对# 的第一个理由.What’s more, 反对# 的第二个理由.There is some truth in both arguments.But I think the advantages of#/doing # 的好处overweigh the disadvantages.Given more correct directions, all of us can benefit more from it.(结尾一段也可选用这种方式:

Therefore, in my opinion, although there are advantages of #/doing # 的好处, its negative effects should not be ignored.Given more correct directions, all of us can benefit more from it.)

Colleges Have Opened Their Doors Wider With the development of our society, the fact that colleges have opened their doors wider has increasingly become a common concern of the public.Some people are in favor of the idea of opening the colleges’ doors wider.They point out the fact that it allows more students to pursue higher education.They also argue that it will provide more talents for our society.However, other people stand on a different ground.They consider it harmful to open the colleges’ doors wider.They firmly point out that it will be much harder for the graduates to find a job.What’s more, it will lead to a social problem.There is some truth in both arguments.But I think the advantages of

opening the colleges’ doors wider overweigh the disadvantages.Given more correct directions, all of us can benefit more from it.(141 words)(结尾一段也可选用这种方式: Therefore, in my opinion, although there are advantages of opening the colleges’ doors wider, its negative effects should not be ignored.Given more correct directions, all of us can benefit more from it.)(141 words)

2.社会问题(现象)式

A．一个社会问题或者现象

B．产生的原因

C．我的看法。

Work in the Countryside(positive)

1.许多大学毕业生自愿到农村工作

2.出现这种现象的原因

3.我的看法

Work in the Countryside With more and more university graduates in our society, how to find a good job has increasingly become a common concern of the public.It is reported that many university graduates would like to work in the countryside.There are a number of reasons for this phenomenon.To start with, it is a fact that with more and more university students graduating each year, the job market competition becomes more and more fierce, and many graduates cannot find jobs in the cities.Secondly, most villages that are trying to employ university graduates have developed well.It makes mot much difference whether to work in the countryside or in the city.Last but not least, some university graduates who come from the

countryside are eager to go back home to contribute to the construction of their hometown.Based on the above reasons, I think university graduates should go to work where they are needed most and where they can make full use of their talents.Working in the countryside can be truly an advisable(明智的)choice.(170 words)Misleading News(negative)

1.当今社会虚假新闻越来越多

2.分析出现这种现象的原因

3.呼吁社会改变这种不智之举

With the development of our society, misleading news has increasingly become a common concern of the public.It is reported that there are more and more misleading news in our society.There are a number of reasons for this phenomenon.To start with, it is a fact that there are more and more modern communication tools in the world, misleading news can easily spread.Secondly, some journalists would like to draw public attention and increase the sales by publishing misleading news.Last but not least, the public would like to share some interesting news which may be misleading.Based on the above discussions, I think we should take action to prevent misleading news.Think twice before we speak can be truly an advisable choice.(124 words)

3.应用文

写信:感谢信, 投诉信，道歉信,邀请信,申请(贷款、入学、求职)，请求别人帮忙（写推荐信，搜查资料)

Dear Sir or Madam,(不知是谁的情况下，如果有要求写给谁要写上具体的名称)

I am a student/customer who….I am writing to thank you for/complain about/apologize for/invite you to do/apply for/ask for your help to do sth.描述过程或原因.When I …, I was really thankful/upset/sorry /honored/interested/upset.I sincerely hope that ….If you can…, I will be really….I am looking forward to your reply.Yours sincerely,Lily

A Letter to Apply for a Student Loan

1.介绍你的个人情况

2.申请助学贷款的原因、数额及用途

3.如何保证专款专用以及你的还款

Dear Sir or Madam,I am a sophomore in Peking University who majors in Engineering.I am writing to apply for a student loan of 2,000 yuan.It is hard for me to make the application, but I have to.Last year both my parents were laid off, and what’s worse, three weeks ago my mother was discovered to have caught a serious disease.Therefore, I could not get support for my study form my family any more.When I knew that I have the opportunity to apply for the student loan, I was really happy and excited.So I immediately write this letter to you to ask for your help.I sincerely hope that I can get the loan.I promise that all the money will go to my tuition and fees for the next year, and I will repay it within four years, that is, one year after my graduation.If you can grant my application, I will be really grateful.I am looking forward to your reply.Yours sincerely,Lily

(166 words)

4.图表作文模板

图表作文提示部分包括图表和文字要点提示两部分。图表的类型主要有：圆形（饼型）图（pie chart）、柱形图(直型图)（graph）、曲线图（chart）和数据统计表(表格)（table）。① 描述图表 ②分三方面解释原因 ③下结论

1)As can be seen from the in______.During the period from _______to _______, ________rose from ________to _______, while _______ decreased from _______ to _______.2)We believe that there are a number of reasons for this phenomenon.To begin with,____.Secondly, ____.Last but not least, _____.3)In conclusion, ______.We can imagine that _____.范文： Health Gains in Developing Countries

1．以下图为依据描述发展中国家的期望寿命(1ife expectancy)和婴儿死亡率(infant mortality)的变化情况

2．说明引起变化的各种原因

1960 1990

Health Gains in Developing Countries

life expectancy of developing 40 years nearly 60 years, infant

develops quickly in developing countries during this period, and living quality improves the development of national health care systems.When they become richer and richer, they care more about personal health conditions.medical sciences also develop at a fantastic speed, and it is much safer for mothers to give birth.the situations in developing countries are changing for the better.(169 words)

注:还须注意今年的热点问题,如:就业(有关词汇如: graduate, apply for, applicant, candidate等);经济问题(有关词汇如: the financial

crisis/tsunami等);或城市交通问题等.

第三篇：大学英语写作教程

大学英语写作教程：（四六级范文集）

目录

1.大学英语四六级写作基本要求，范文两篇（了解题目，提纲，字数，时间等要求）

2.分析题目提纲，历年作文题目每类两个（对比观点题；问题解决题型；利弊分析题型；原因解

释题型；综合类题型（叙事型）；通知、海报、启事与指令；讲话稿的撰写；申请信、简历、介绍信、推荐信）

3.篇章写作

对比观点题 两篇例文找出模板句型，模板句型介绍

经典用语

案例分析（列举一篇以前学生写过的作业，随堂分析，包括用词，语法，观点陈述）--一篇类型相同，不同题目的文章，分析完案例，学生随堂写一篇同样题目的文章，作为比较

4.附录：范文（1.思路分析，即范文中的body部分内容概述，帮助学生对于各种话题扩展思路和信息量；

2.经典用语）

第四篇：大学英语A写作题目

大学英语A写作题目

1.Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a letter to one of your former classmates.You should write at least 80 words, and base your letter on the Chinese outline below: 1.你的朋友杨英要从另一个城市来看你。

2．你将到机场接她，但由于某种原因，你不能去。3．写封信给她，解释原因，并告诉她如何到你家。

March 25, 2006 Dear Yang Ying, I am writing to say that I will not be able to meet you at the airport next Monday morning.This morning my boss asked me to go to Shanghai on business tomorrow.It is something very important for our company and I will have to go.By the way, I will be back within 10 days.When you arrive, please take Bus No.925 and get off at the Yu Garden.The bus station is not far from my house and you will find my house easily.My mother is always at home.I told my mother that you would come already.Looking forward to seeing you.Yours.Li Ming

2.Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a letter to one of your friends.You should write at least 80 words, and base your letter on the Chinese outline below: 1． 你即将参加全国网络学院英语考试，现在正在复习。2． 说明你在哪些方面还有问题。

3． 请对方所说如何针对这些问题搞好复习。

Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a letter to one of your friends.You should write at least 80 words, and base your letter on the Chinese outline below: 1.告诉对方你将参加英语四级考试 2．询问对方如何做准备 3．请对方建议一些参考书。March 25, 2006 Dear Mary, I would like to thank you for your nice birthday gift and kindness.It looks very nice and I like them very much.I will attend the English examination that is organized by the National Internet Colleges.I am studying hard and reviewing English.You know, I am very poor in English, especially in listening and writing.I need your help.Could you give some advice on how to review English and how to improve listening and writing.Looking forward to receiving your reply as soon as possible.Yours

sincerely, Wanglin 3.Directions:For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a letter to one of your former classmates.You should write at least 80 words, and base your letter on the Chinese outline below: 1． 了解对方毕业后的情况。2． 你的近况

3． 邀请对方方便时来访。Dear Xiaoping, Hi!How are you getting on? I miss you very much.It is a long time not to contact you since we graduated from our university.I really want to know more about you.After graduation, I attended a big company and I have become a sale manager.I feel very lucky because my boss trusts me very much.If you have free time, please be bound to visit me and we can communicate with each other and show you around our city.Miss you!Yours, Mice March 25,2006

4.Directions: For this part, you are supposed to write an announcement.You should write at least 80 words, based on the following situation.Remember to write it clearly.英语系请著名翻译家李教授为本系学生作一个讲座。请写出一则关于这个讲座的通知，通知内容包括以下几个方面： 1）讲座的主题和主要内容； 2）讲座的时间和地点； 3）参加讲座的对象；

4）要求学生在讲座之后进行一次讨论。

Notice March 25, 2006 Professor Li, a famous interpreter, who is invited by our English department, will give a lecture to our students.The topic is how to improve our spoken English.He has rich experience and we believe, we can learn a lot from him.The lecture will be held in Room 201, the Report Hall of the Lab Building at 8:00 pm , Saturday, 26 March.The Freshmen in our department must attend the lecture on time and will be required to have a discussion about it.Be punctual and Welcome all the other students in our college too.English Department

1.Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write an E-mail to one of your former classmates.You should write at least 80 words, and base your E-mail on the Chinese outline below: 1.了解对方毕业后的情况。2.你的近况。

3.邀请对方方便时来访。Dear Sam, It is lovely to write to you.I haven’t seen you since we graduated.I'm told that you are in New York now.What have you been doing these years? Do you keep in touch with other classmates? I am now working in Shanghai JiaoTong University as a teaching assistant.My main duty is to support my teacher with her everyday teaching.The job requires great patience.But it is always a nice thing to work in a college, especially with those kind teachers and lovely students.I miss you very much.I would be very happy if you come to Shanghai and I’m sure we'll have a good time then.Looking forward to hearing from you.Yours, Alex

2.Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write an E-mail to one of your former classmates.You should write at least 80 words, and base your E-mail on the Chinese outline below: 1.告诉对方你最近将出去旅游。2.了解对方所在地的旅游点。3.请对方给予帮忙安排。Dear Susan: How is everything going with you these days? I'm going to Guilin, your hometown, for a holiday this Friday and stay there for about a week.Guilin is a wonderful place that I have always dreamed to visit.Since you work there right now, could you tell me about where to stay, where to eat and what to see in Guilin? I'm also told that Yangshuo is the most beautiful place in Guilin, and there are lots of activities you can do, so I plan to stay there for five days.Would you please book a nice hotel for me if it is convenient for you? Well, I feel very excited that we'll see each other very soon.Looking forward to seeing you.Love!

Jane 3.Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a letter to one of your friend.You should write at least 80 words, and base your letter on the Chinese outline below: 你的一位外国朋友给你来信，打算到中国旅游。你给他回信，提出旅游建议。你的回信应包括下列内容： 1.接到朋友的来信；

2.你对旅游的安排计划及理由； 3.表达你希望见到朋友的心愿。Dear Tom, I'm glad to know you want to make a tour in China.Now I'm living in Shanghai, and there are so many famous places here.I have made a plan for your visit in Shanghai.First we can go to the Peoples' Square, the most famous place in Shanghai.Then we can go to Yu Garden, which I think you have heard before.In the evening, we may have dinner at my home and you care welcome to stay at my home for several days.I'm looking forward to your coming to Shanghai.I am sure you will like this city.Yours, Mark 4.Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a letter to one of your friend.You should write at least

words, and base your letter on the Chinese outline below: 选择一个你想旅游的地点，并安排旅行计划。你应包括下列内容： 1.说明你想旅游的地点； 2.说明你为什么选择这个地点； 3.描述你的旅行计划。Dear Alice, How is everything going with you? I plan to go to Sanya in Hainan province for my summer holiday.It's a famous seaside resort in China with clear water, beautiful sand and tall palm trees.It’s a wonderful place for a relaxation.You can enjoy delicious seafood and fresh fruits of many kinds.What's more, you can do a lot of activities there, you can go swimming, surfing and diving, and you also can have a barbecue on the beach.I plan to stay there for a week and I believe I will enjoy myself there.Regards ever，Jimmy

5.Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a letter to one of your friend.You should write at least

Yours

words, and base your letter on the Chinese outline below: 你的朋友邀请你参加他/她的生日聚会，告诉对方你不能接受他/她的邀请。你应包括下列内容：

1.告诉对方你不能接受他/她的邀请； 2.对对方的邀请表示感谢； 3.说明无法接受邀请的原因。Dear Lily, Thank you very much for the invitation to your birthday party this Saturday evening.But unfortunately I am not able to take part in it, because I have to play a football match this Saturday afternoon.As you know, I am a member of the football team in our university.This weekend we will have matches with all the other universities in Shanghai.We have already been preparing for a few months.I don't know how long my match will last.So I can't come to your party.I wish you a very happy birthday.Have a good time and a lot of fun!Best regards, Hongli 6.Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition.You should write at least 80 words, and base your composition on the Chinese outline below: 假如你是李明，遗失了一个书包。你应包括下列内容： 1.包在哪里遗失的；

2.这个包对你很重要； 3.拾到者应该如何和你联系。A Schoolbag Lost I carelessly left my schoolbag in classroom 811 on the morning of July 3rd, Saturday when I was in a hurry to send a classmate to hospital.I rushed back only to find it gone.It is a black canvas shoulder bag, which has a big pocket on the front with a “friend” logo on it.In the bag there are three textbooks, a Chinese-English dictionary, a bunch /set of keys and a wallet.Inside the wallet there are 225 RMB and an ID card, of which I am in urgent need to register for CET 4.It will be highly appreciated if the finder can get in touch with me as soon as possible.My telephone number is 85488548, or you can find me in Room 210 of the 3rd dormitory building.Your kindness will be rewarded for sure.7.Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition.You should write at least 80 words, and base your composition on the Chinese outline below: 你应邀到一位好友家吃晚饭。事后给朋友写信表示谢意。你的信应包括下列内容： 1.表达谢意；

2.表达想回请的意愿；

3.期待朋友的光临。Dear Cindy，Thank you for your invitation to your home for dinner yesterday.It was a beautiful night.I enjoyed the food and the music very much.This Saturday is my birthday, there will be a birthday party at my place, and I will invite some close friends to have dinner at my home.I do hope you can come to join us.We will have a barbecue in my back yard, and one of my friends will play the guitar, he can play very well.We can sing and dance to the music.It would be fun.Please make sure you will come.I am looking forward to having you at my party.Yours，Cathy

8.Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write an E-mail to one of your former classmates.You should write at least 80 words, and base your E-mail on the Chinese outline below:

1、了解对方近来的情况。

2、通知对方同学将在五一举行聚会。

3、请对方参加。

Dear Echo，It is lovely to write to you.I haven’t heard from you for a long time.How is everything? I am now working in Shanghai JiaoTong University as a teaching assistant.My main duty is to support my teacher with her everyday teaching.The job requires great patience.But it is always a nice thing to work in a college, especially with those kind teachers and lovely students.There will be a former classmates’ get-together during this May Day holiday at our mother school.I miss you and the happy school days we spent together.And I think this get-together would surely bring back a lot of old memories.So do come to the party if you are free.I am looking forward to your reply.Yours truly, Richard

9.Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write an E-mail to one of your former classmates.You should write at least 80 words, and base your E-mail on the Chinese outline below:

1、了解对方最近的学习情况。

2、你的学习情况。

3、请对方说说提高英语水平的经验。Dear Jane，It’s a pleasure to hear from you.I’m really happy to know that you can continue your study in Oxford, which is a world-known university in Britain.How about your study and life there? Since I am now working in a multinational company in which English is very important in daily life.I have to use English, which I’m not very good at, every day.I begin to study English in Shanghai Jiaotong University recently.But it's really hard for me to work in the day and study in the evening or on weekends.And the most difficult thing for me is grammar.You have always been good at English.Would you please tell me your own experience in English study and give me some tips? Looking forward to your reply.Best wishes，Robin

10.Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write an E-mail to one of your former classmates.You should write at least 80 words, and base your E-mail on the Chinese outline below: 1.你的近况。

2.请对方帮你购买英语语法书。3.邀请对方方便时来访。Dear Eric，Haven't heard from you for a long time.Is everything going well with you? I am now working in a multinational company in which English is very important in daily life.I have to use English, which I’m not very good at, every day.I begin to study English in my spare time, but it's really hard for me to work in the day and study in the evening or on weekends.And the most difficult thing for me is grammar.Since you are always good at English, would you please buy a good English grammar book for me? We haven't seen each other since last summer.Why not come to Shanghai for some days? It will be great that we can be together again.Looking forward to seeing you.Yours，Mike

11.Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write an E-mail to one of your former classmates.You should write at least 80 words, and base your E-mail on the Chinese outline below: 1．告诉对方你将参加英语四级考试。2．询问对方如何做准备。3．请对方建议一些参考书。Dear Alex，How is everything going recently? Thanks very much for your tips on improving my oral English.It helps me so much that I become confident enough to take every chance to communicate with foreigners in English.I am going to take CET-4 at the end of this term.Great efforts should be made to pass the test successfully.I know that you passed it last term.Could you please tell me what did you do when you were preparing for the test? I don't want to fail it.In order to get well prepared, I need a lot of practice.Would you be so kind to recommend me some books for practice? Looking forward to hearing from you.Best wishes，Jean

12.Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition.You should write at least 80 words, and the theme of your composition is My Plan for the Spring Festival.The Spring Festival is the most important time of the whole year for Chinese people.We will usually have a long vacation.So it is really a good idea to make my plan for the Spring Festival in advance.On the first day of the Spring Festival, I always go to my grandparents' home and have a wonderful dinner.So it will be the same this year.After the family get-together, I am going to have a trip with my friends.Qingdao will be a good choice for me at that time.On the last two days of the Spring Festival, I will go back and have a rest.You know, the relaxation is also important for us during the holiday.These are my plans for the Spring Festival, what about yours? May everyone have a great Spring Festival.13.Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition.You should write at least 80 words, and the theme of your composition is Why I Like Learning English.Nowadays, studying English gains popularity in China.Many rich parents would rather send their children abroad to receive education than let them be educated in China.I am also among the fans of English.First, I like English because

it has become an international language.If I can speak English, then I can go almost anywhere around the world without any communication problem.Secondly, because English sounds so soft, especially American English, I love to hear it and speak it.So I like learning English!

14.Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition.You should write at least 80 words, and the theme of your composition is My Dream.I have a dream that I will be always young.Then I will have enough energy to do everything that I want.Moreover, I don't have to worry about being too old to take care of myself, thus becoming a burden to my family.I know that my dream will not come true.However, I think it is lucky that I am young now.So I will treasure my time, enjoy my life and try my best to do everything well.15.Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition.You should write at least 80 words, and the theme of your composition is About Self-study.We all know that for a school student, the amount of time spent in classrooms with teachers is very limited.It is therefore very important for him to take full advantage of his spare time to

have self-study.To make his self-study successful, one needs both good methods and perseverance.Before starting his self-study, one should recall the way his teacher gives lessons.With those methods in mind, one would study more efficiently.Perseverance is also essential in self-study.Since no one would urge him to finish something in self-study, one can only rely on himself to overcome the laziness to continue with his study.16.Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition.You should write at least 80 words, and the theme of your composition is The Job I Like.I have decided to take teaching as my life-long career.A variety of reasons have led me to choose this occupation over others.First, teaching is learning.To make my lectures more constructive and stimulating, I have to read more books, explore new knowledge and gain a better understanding of the world.Second, teaching means freedom and independence.As a teacher, I'm free to use my own ideas and make my own decisions.Finally, I like teaching because it offers certain peace of mind.Nothing, not even a big salary, can equal for the opportunity to continue learning, the satisfaction of being your own boss, and a gentle peace of life.17.Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition.You should write at least 80 words, and the theme of your composition is My Favorite TV program.I like watching TV very much.And my favorite TV program is news.Because I can know what is happening in our nation and in the world every day through news.And I watch TV for news at the same time every day.I believe that many people like watching TV for news too.I can find some interesting things through news.Also we can know what we can do and what we can not do through news.I can acquire some knowledge from news.18.Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition.You should write at least 80 words, and the theme of your composition is My Family/ Living in a Big Family.My family is a big family.My father was born in Shaoxing, Zhejiang province in 1946.And he came to Shanghai with my grandparents when he was a little boy.He has two older brothers.One lives in Shanghai, the other lives in Jiangsu now.My mother was born in Anshun city, Guizhou province in 1952.She has one younger brother, and two younger sisters.And In 1960s, she entered the factory where my father was in.At that time, the

factory was in Anshun, then it was moved to Wuhan city.After my parents retired from the work, they came to Shanghai and live with us, their children, my sister and me.Last year, the 13 people of my family including my father's brother's family went back to Shaoxing to visit our relatives there.It was the second time I had gone there.And we all felt happy!And this year, we plan to go back to visit my mother's mother in Anshun.It has been more than 30 years since my father left there.And his brother's family will join us together.We are looking forward to their coming.19.Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition.You should write at least 80 words, and the theme of your composition is About Television.Before the television was invented, many families enjoyed listening to the radio when they were free.Since the television was invented.It has become one of the most popular ways of entertainment for most people.People can acquire every kind of knowledge from the television.We can listen to music, watch movies, listen to the news report, etc.on TV.Nowadays, television has already become part of our life.And it brings us a lot of fun.And the television program is more exciting than before.20.Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition.You should write at least 80 words, and the theme of your composition is My Classmates.I have many friends in my class.They’re lovely and interesting.I would like to introduce some of them.Alice is very cute.She＇s also kind to everyone and she＇s very enthusiastic.She＇s always ready to help others, but she is forgetful.She always forgets to bring her textbooks, but our teachers always forgive her.Ben is the most talkative boy in our class.His nickname is “chatterbox.” He has a great sense of humor and he always makes me laugh.Linda is a quiet student.She is good at every subject but she never shows off.Allen is a very tall boy.He plays basketball very well and he is on our school team.He often says, “Playing basketball is good for your health.” How about your classmates? Do you like them? Try to admire your classmates.You will be happier.5.Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a letter to one of your former classmates.You should write at least 80 words, and base your letter on the Chinese outline below: 1.告诉对方你的近况。

2.介绍你所在城市的旅游景点。3.邀请对方国庆假期来旅游及安排。

6.Directions:For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a letter to one of your former classmates.You should write at least 80 words, and base your letter on the Chinese outline below: 1． 告诉对方你最近将出去旅游。2． 了解对方所在地的旅游景点。3． 请对方给予帮忙安排。

7.Directions:For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a letter to one of your former classmates.You should write at least 80 words, and base your letter on the Chinese outline below: 2.了解对方近来的情况。

3.通知对方同学将在元旦举行聚会。4.请对方参加。

8.Directions:For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a letter to one of your former classmates.You should write at least 80 words, and base your letter on the Chinese outline below:

1.你的近况

2.请对方帮你购买英语语法书 3.邀请对方方便时来访.Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write an E-mail to one of your former classmates.You should write at least 80 words, and base yo ur E-mail on the Chinese outline below: The importance of English 1.英语在现代社会中占有重要地位。2.英语对于我有重大意义。

3.我打算如何提高自己的英语水平。

1．（2005年六级真题）

Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write an open letter on behalf of the Student Union asking people to give help to a student who is seriously ill.You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below:

1． 对病人的简单介绍：目前的病情和家庭情况

2． 目前的困难：无法承担医疗费用，需要护理

3． 希望捐助；联系方式

Your Help Needed

Dear friends，I am writing to you, on behalf of the Student Union, to ask for your help for Li Ming, a schoolmate of ours from the Department of Computer Science.He is seriously ill now and has to have a heart transplant at once.To make things worse, he comes from the west of our country and his family is quite poor.Li Ming is now confronted with the following difficulties.To begin with, he can’t afford the medical expenses.His family

doesn’t have a good financial background.Moreover, his parents have already been deep in debt in order to send him to university.In addition, his family is far away and he needs someone to take care of him day and night.Only with intense care can our friend recover from his disease.On no account can we see our friend suffer or die.He is in desperate need of your help, especially financial donations to help him pay for his expenses.Let’s all give him our hands.Anyone who wants to offer help can contact us at 88588858 or you can email us by love@sina.com.Please act without delay.Yours sincerely，Zhang Hua

Chairman of the Student Union

2．（2005年6月六级真题）

Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a short essay entitled Say No to Pirated Products.You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below:

1． 目前盗版的现象比较严重

2． 造成这种现象的原因及其危害

3． 我们应该怎么做

Useful words and expressions:

盗版：piracy(n.)

盗版产品：pirated products

知识产权：intellectual property rights

侵犯版权：infringe sb’s copyright;copyright infringement

Say No to Pirated Products

Piracy is a serious problem with which this country is confronted.In many places we see people peddling pirated books or disks.Actually, piracy has become so widespread that it has severely hindered the development of the nation’s economy.A number of factors account for the problem, but the following are the most critical ones.First, pirated products are much cheaper than copyrighted ones, so they are very attractive to people, especially youngsters, who are not financially well-off.Secondly, with highly developed technology, it is not difficult

to manufacture pirated products.With one authorized copy, the illegal producers can make thousands of fake ones at a very low cost, thus making huge profits.As a result, intellectual property rights are severely infringed upon.Honest producers will lose the motivation to develop new products.Meanwhile, pirated products are often of low quality, thus damaging the interest of buyers.In view of the seriousness of the problem, it is essential that laws and regulations be formulated and enforced to ban the manufacture and circulation of pirated products.Meanwhile, people should be educated to say no to these products.With these measures taken, we have reasons to believe that the problem can be solved in the near future.3．（2005年12月六级真题）

Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to

write a letter to a company declining a job offer.You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below:

1.对公司提供职位表示感谢

2.解释为何不能接受所提供的职位

3.希望予以谅解，并表示对公司的良好祝愿

A Letter Declining a Job Offer

December 24, 2005

Dear Sir or Madam:

I am responding to your job offer on December 20, 2005.I was

informed that I would be offered the position as an interpreter for your company.I cordially appreciate your trust and I am much obliged to you for providing me with this valuable opportunity.However, I have to tell you that I cannot accept it.The major reason is that I don’t think I am the most appropriate candidate for this post.As a non-English major, though my written and spoken English are outstanding than most of my peers, I am not well trained in translation, not to mention interpretation, which, I believe is highly demanding.Maybe my performance in the oral examination has misled you.Actually, I am more interested and more competent in my own major, that is, program designing.Last but not least, I happened to have been offered such a position with another company.Nonetheless, I, again, want to express my sincere gratefulness and I earnestly apologize for any inconvenience hereby caused.Finally, I hope you can find the ideal candidate as soon as possible.Best regards.Yours sincerely

Li Ming

4．（2006年6月六级真题）

Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a short essay entitled Traveling Abroad.You should write at least 150 words based on the chart and the outline given below:

Number of people in City X traveling abroad in 1995, 2000 and 2005

1.近十年来X市有越来越多的人选择出境旅游

2.出现这一现象的原因

3．这种现象可能产生的影响

Traveling Abroad

It can be seen from the chart that there have been sharp increases in the number of people traveling abroad in City X in the past decade.As the chart shows, the year 1995 witnessed only about 10,000 people from this city touring abroad.In 2000, the number soared to nearly 40,000.Last year, more than 120,000 people in the city chose to spend their vacations outside China.A number of factors account for the change in the chart, but the following are the most critical ones.First, thanks to the policy

of reform and opening-up, the nation’s economy has been developing at a considerably high speed in the past decades.Therefore, the people have more extra money for traveling.Secondly, other relevant state policies and the boom of touring industry provide citizens with more opportunities to go out and see the world.Last but not least, people have attached greater importance to the quality of life, thus they spend more money and time traveling and sight-seeing.In a word, this chart is a perfect indicator of China’s fast expanding economy and people’s rising standard of life.The trend of traveling abroad will further stimulate the development of our economy and broaden people’s horizons.5．（2006年12月老六级真题）

Directions: For this part you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled The Celebration of Western Festivals.You should write at least 150 words following the outline given

below.1.现在国内有不少人喜欢过西方的某些节日

2.产生这种现象的原因

3.这种现象可能带来的影响

The Celebration of Western Festivals

No one can have failed to notice the fact that an increasing number of Chinese are fond of celebrating some Western festivals today.For instance, on Valentine’s Day, many people give flowers or chocolate to the one they love.Another case in point is Christmas.It seems that people around the country now love to celebrate the festival.34

A number of factors account for the phenomenon mentioned above, but the following might be the critical ones.In the first place, due to the policy of reform and opening-up, Chinese people tend to know more about Western culture and be influenced by it.Secondly, some businessmen wish to make money by encouraging people to celebrate those Western festivals.Last but not least, as traditional Chinese festival lose their attraction, many people tend to find joy in Western festivals.Though we need not criticize people celebrating Western festivals, nor can we stop them, we have to beware of the danger behind it.While enjoying the atmosphere brought by those Western customs, we might well lose our own tradition and identity.6．（2006年12月新六级真题）

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled The Importance of Reading Classics.You

should write at least 150 words following the outline given below.1．阅读经典书籍对人的成长至关重要

2．现在愿意阅读经典的人却越来越少，原因是„„

3．我们大学生应该怎么做

The Importance of Reading Classics

Reading classics plays a vital role in a person's growth.By reading classic works, either Chinese or foreign, one can learn a great deal about history, geography, politics, wars and customs.Besides, as these classics are the outstanding representatives human language, reading them can enormously improve our ability to read and write and to inherit cultural traditions.36

However, a diminishing number of people would like to read classics now.A variety of factors may have contributed to this phenomenon, but the following are the critical one.In the first place, as the pace of life and work quickens, people can find little time to indulge themselves in thick and serious works.They would rather read light and easy magazines or surf the Internet and do online reading.In the second place, most classics depict things far away from our real life, which makes reading them seem irrelevant.As college students, we should shoulder the burden of inheriting and developing cultural heritage.Therefore, it is essential that we should make plans to read classics regularly.Besides, we should try to influence people around us into reading them.六级考试写作备考：新东方课堂讲义(7)

7．Keeping Pets

There is no denying the fact that keeping pets is a hotly debated topic today.Some people think keeping pets is a good thing to do.They believe that pets, like cats and dogs, can help relieve the loneliness suffered by senior citizens and other social members who are confined to their homes for this reason or that.They also argue that keeping pets helps mankind understand animals’ world and develop positive feelings toward them.Others, however, hold the opposite view.They regard keeping pets as a useless but harmful thing to do.First, pets can transmit diseases.Secondly, the noises and dung of pets are sources of pollution.Last but not least, as many rare birds and animals are kept as pets, they will surely be hunted on a large scale, which means a threat to the balance of the ecosystem.Weighing the pros and cons of these arguments, I am inclined to agree with the latter.Anyway, we can lessen our loneliness and express our love toward animals in other ways.And it is my belief that only by placing man and other species on an equal basis can

we expect to have a lively and colorful world.8.Where There Is a Will, There Is a Way

A well-known proverb goes that “where there is a will, there is a way”, which means that one can find a way to success as long as he or she has a strong will.With a strong will, one can focus all his energy on one point, which makes his success possible.Without a strong will, however, one can be easily distracted from his goal or discouraged by setbacks, which leads to his ultimate failure.History abounds with examples of strong-willed figures winning success.Actually, there is no better illustration of the proverb than the deeds of Gou Jian, king of Yue in ancient China.Defeated by Fu Chai, king of Wu, Gou tried every means possible to steel his will.Eventually, with the help of Fan Li and Xi Shi, he managed to rebuild his country and his armies and had Fu Chai taste the bitterness of failure.39

In short, a strong will is essential if we want to make achievements in our studies or work, or indeed in any other aspect of our lives.One should lose no chance to strength his will and remember, God helps those who help themselves.9.More Students Pursue Master Degrees

It can be seen from the chart that there have been sharp increases in the number of students attending graduate entrance exams in a college in the past decades.As the chart shows, the year 1996 witnessed only 200 students taking part in the exams.In 2001, the number nearly doubled.In 2006, far more students prepared themselves for graduate studies.A number of factors could account for the change in the chart, but the following are the most critical ones.First, thanks to the policy of reform and opening-up, the nation’s economy has been developing at a considerably high speed in the past decades.40

Therefore, the people have more extra money for education.Secondly, other relevant state policies and the boom of higher education provide students with more opportunities to pursue higher degrees.Last but not least, the increasingly fierce competition forces college students to further their study in order to gain more edge of competition.In a word, this chart is a perfect indicator of China’s fast expanding higher education.Although many problems have arisen in the process, we have every reason to believe that they can be solved in the near future with effective measures taken.10.Studying Abroad: Hardships and Rewards

The recent years have seen a dramatic increase in the number of Chinese studying abroad.Obviously, studying abroad has its rewards.In the first place, a student can have access to advanced science and technology as well as desirable working conditions which might not be available at home.In the second

place, he can be exposed to entirely new ideas and trends.Last but not least, by living and studying in a foreign country, one can improve his foreign language much faster than at home.However, just as every coin has two sides, studying abroad may also confront one with a series of hardships.For one thing, learning a foreign language is far from an easy thing at the beginning for most people.For another, a completely new environment with different customs and habits may also be a barrier to overseas students, especially to the young.An added difficulty lies with finance: it can cost a lot to study abroad.From my point of view, the advantages of studying abroad outweigh its disadvantages.But it is a big decision to go abroad to study and one should take into consideration his financial conditions and his ability to adapt to new surrounding.Personally, I choose to go abroad and study if I find it necessary.11．（投诉信）

Directions: Write a letter of complaint according to the following situation: You bought an air conditioner in Sun Appliance and had it installed the other day, but you found that the fan made too much noise when the machine operated.You demand the store to send a representative to check it up.Write your letter in no less than 150 words.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter;use Li Ming instead.You do not need to write the address.June 23, 2007

Dear Sir or Madam，I’m writing to lodge the complaint about the poor quality of an air conditioner that I purchased from Sun Appliance Company.43

Frankly speaking, Sun Appliance has always been my favorite.On April 4, 2007, I bought the air conditioner(serial number 12345)from one of your chain store located in Lang Fang.The machine operated well at first, but ten days later, there was a fault that bothered me, that is, the fan made so much noise that I could not sleep well at night.Worse still, the cooling system didn’t work well and the machine began to leak recently.Its poor quality ruined almost all my previous impression toward your products.I strongly suggest that a repairman or a service engineer should be sent to my home without delay.I wonder if you could pinpoint the exact cause of the malfunction as soon as possible.If you can’t, I am afraid that I will request for full amount of refund or a new air conditioner.I would appreciate all your assistance in this matter.If you have any questions, please don’t hesitate to contact me.Look forward to your reply.44

Yours Sincerely，Li Ming

12．（邀请信）

Directions: Suppose you are the dean of the History Department, Peking University.You want to invite Professor Herb Jason, a well-known scholar of Chinese history, to come to attend an international conference on Chinese history.You’ll cover the following points:

1)The purpose of the invitation

2)The time and place of the conference

3)Ask him a favor of presenting a lecture to your students during his stay

Write your letter in no less than 150 words.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter;use Li Ming instead.You do not need to write the address.June 23, 2007

Dear Professor Herb Jason，I am Li Ming, dean of the History Department, Peking University.I am writing to invite you to participate in an international convention that is to be held in Beijing from 22th to 25th, July, 2007.Since your visit in Beijing last year, all the teachers that attended your lecture have been deeply impressed with your

thorough knowledge and profound understanding of the subject.We would be pleased if you could come, as our guest of honor, to the International Conference on Chinese History, If possible, would you please deliver a speech on whatever subject that interests you.Enclosed in this letter is a time schedule for the event.You would, of course, receive our standard honorarium to cover traveling and other expenses.When you arrive in Beijing, I will certainly meet you at the airport.Please let me know your date of arrival if you can come and tell us when you can make the trip.If you have any questions, please don’t hesitate to contact me.Look forward to your reply.Yours sincerely，Li Ming

13．（感谢信）

Directions: Write a letter of thanks according to the following situation.Once you were ill and were hospitalized for a few weeks in the Chaoyang Medical Center, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province.During your stay the entire staff were kind to you.When you came back home, you wrote them a letter of thanks.Write your letter in no less than 150 words.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter;use Li Ming instead.You do not need to write the address.June 23, 2007

Dear Sir/Madam，I’m writing to extend my heartfelt thanks to all the nurses and doctors in your hospital.Last month, while I was on a business trip in Taiyuan, Shanxi province, I suffered from a bad cold and a fever, so I was sent to Ward Rom 201, Chaoyang Medical Center.During my stay at hospital, nurses on duty patiently took my temperature, regularly examined my body, and often fed meals to me.In addition, doctors prescribed me the most effective drugs and gave the best medical advice.Thanks to the constant care from the hospital staff, I recovered quickly.Now that I have returned home, the excellent service of your hospital still impresses me.I believe that as patient, I have received the most professional treatment and the most considerate care.Please allow me to convey my sincere greetings toward the doctors and nurses that contribute all their efforts, patience and energy to their patients.Nothing can express my gratitude

except my best wishes to them.If you have anything that needs my help, please don’t hesitate to contact me.Yours sincerely, Li Ming Directions: For this part you are allowed thirty minutes to write an E-mail to one of your former classmates.You should write at least 80 words, and base your E-mail on the Chinese outline below: 写一封电子邮件给你的中学同学，表达对过去中学生活的难忘；希望他能给你介绍英语学习的经验。

Hi mate，I havent seen you for a couple of years.how is everything going on? have you ever met any of our classmates before? I keep memorizing the wonderful life in the high school.I will never forget the time that we led our basketball team to win the champion from the high school basketbal league.currently, I am seeking a way to learn english.you was the top student in english class before.I would be much appricated if I can obtain your advise how to improve the english skills.I am looking forward to receiving your email.50

第五篇：大学英语四级写作

大学英语四级写作

议论文

议论文是作者对某个问题或某件事进行分析、评论，表明自己的观点、立场、态度、看法、主张的一种文体。写议论文要把握三性和三要素。三性指准确性、鲜明性和生动性。三要素指论点、论据和论证。

论点的基本要求：观点正确，概括全面，见解新颖，有实际意义，要恰当地综合运用各种表达方式。

论据的基本要求，真实可靠、充分典型。

论证的基本要求：推理必须合乎逻辑，论证要讲究顺序，论证要符合正确的推理形式。简而言之，英语议论文共有三大特点：

1、观点鲜明的开头；

2、紧扣主题的结尾；

3、有主题句并且衔接自然的中间段落。

这三点当中，第1、2点早已为绝大多数中国学生所熟知，因为开头点题和结尾扣题同样也是汉语文章的要求。

另外，英语文章和汉语不同的是段落的主题句一定要放在段首，而不能按照中文的写作习惯放在段落的中间或者最后，在英文应试写作中更加如此。正因为没有“主题句”的思想，所以中国学生在写英语文章时经常“想到什么，就写什么”，这在英语议论文中是不能接受的。

常用的关联词分为四类：

1、列举类

列举法常用在议论文中，当作者提出一个论点后，可通过列举出一系列事实对其进行说明或论证。

列举类关联词有：

first(ly), second(ly),...finally;for one thing, for another;on the one hand, on the other hand;moreover;furthermore;what's more;in addition;besides;first of all;in the first place, in the second place;(at)last;then;next;the last but not the least2、举例类

举例法是用事例或数据对中心观点进行说明论证的方法，举例类关联词有：

for example;for instance;such as;like;take...for example;a case in point;namely;in other words;that is;especially;in particular3、比较和对比

比较是把两种或两种以上的事物进行比较，以辨别出它们的相似之处；对比是将这些事物进行对照，辨别其差异而指出各自的特征和本质。这类关联词有：

but;however;yet;otherwise;while;in contrast;by contrast;on the contrary;similarly;likewise;like;conversely;rather than;instead;on the other hand;equally;nevertheless;nonetheless;unlike;still;in the same way;compared with...4、因果类

as a result;since;because(of);thanks to;due to;owing to;for this reason;hence;thus;therefore;on this/that account;on account of;consequently5、总结类

总结法是指在表达了一个观点或举了一个例子后，进行总结、给出概括，这类关联词有： in this case;according to;in a word;in brief;in short;to sum up.范文1：

Career or Family: which is more important?

When asked about their opinion of career and family, people always respond differently.Some people deem it more important to pursue their career, while there are always other people who argue that family should be the number one in one’s life.It goes without any question that career plays a key role in our life.In the very first place, career can give us an aim to live on.Without career, much of our living time will be certainly wasted.What’s more, career can provide us with a means to live on.Most of the people earn their income from a job.On the other hand, family is also an indispensable part of life, as many people will admit.Family is always regarded as a place where we can escape from troubles in life.In addition, we can obtain a sense of belonging to from family.Without it, anyone will feel lonely and desperate.In my opinion, career and family are not in opposition to each other.Rather, they can enhance each other so that one’s life can become better and better.Therefore, it’s not a choice between right and wrong, but one between ideal and practical.作文中可用的谚语或句子：

As a saying goes:俗话说

1、A good beginning is half done.良好的开端是成功的一半。

2、An hour in the morning is worth two in the evening.一日之计在于晨。

3、A good idler ,an old beggar.少壮不努力，老大徙伤悲。

4、Do as the Romans do.入乡随便俗。

5、Each coin has two sides.有利必有弊。

6、Failure is the mother of success.失败是成功之母。

7、It is never too old to learn.活到老学到老。

8、Like father, like son.有其父，必有其子。

9、No cross, no crown.不见风雨，怎见彩虹。

10、Practice makes perfect.熟能生巧。

11、Where there is a will, there is a way.有志者事竟成12、Time flies.....时光飞逝。。

13、Look before you leap.(三思而后行。)

14、“No pains, no gains”.（没有付出就没有收获）

15、As a proverb says, “Everything has two sides”.On the one hand, physical exercise is good for your health.On the other hand, if you don’t deal with it properly, it will do harm to your health.So we should look at the matter from two sides.一．The main types of guided writing:

1.提纲式作文：

Directions:

Women make a great contribution to the progress of modern society.But there are still some people who don’t agree with it.There has been a discussion recently on the issue in a newspaper.Write an essay to the newspaper based on the following outline.1.Role of women in modern society

2.Prejudices and discrimination against women

3.My comment

You should write about 200 words within 40 minutes.Women play an important part in modern society.Now many women are going into professions, such as medicine, law and engineering.They comprise a large part of the workers in offices and factories.Many jobs they are engaged in are in line with their special capabilities of their sex.In addition, some of are working up to important positions which used to be held mainly by men.There are even some businesses which are run completely by women.It is obvious that women are making an outstanding contribution to the progress of modern society.There are, however, still some people who assert that men are superior to women in many ways.In the first place, many jobs men do can hardly be done by women, who are physically not strong enough.They believe that women are the weaker one, both physically and emotionally.According to them, a woman’s place is within the protective environment of the home.Secondly, most of the world-famous scientists and statesmen are found to be males.Finally, the whole society seems to have always been dominated by men only.In their opinion, men should enjoy more rights than do women.Personally, I’m firmly standing on the side of those women right defenders.Since both men and women are equally important in human activities, they should be on an equal footing.二、The structure of a paragraph and its development:

1.Structure of a paragraph: topic sentence, development sentence and concluding sentence.2.Ways of developing a paragraph:

1)Comparison and contrast(对比法)

2)Cause and effect(因果法)

3)Exemplification(举例法)

4)Generalization and qualification(概述法)

5)Argument(议论法)

三、Some sentence patterns commonly-used in controlled writing :---关于利弊、优缺点的句型：

have the advantage of „..(有„.方面的长处)

benefit sb/sth.(对„有好处)

benefit from sth.(由于„.而受益)

do(a lot of)good to sb.(对„.有许多好处)

be good for sb./sth.(对„.有益)

do damage to sth./damage sth.(对„.造成损害)

be as(not so)good/great as „„

not so much „ as „(与其说„,不如说„)

---说明原因的句型：

1.There are some manygood reasons for„ to do sth

Example: There are two reasons for the changes in people’s living conditions.First, we have been carrying out an opening and reform policy.Second, our national economy is developing rapidly and the birth rate has been put under control.2.We have two good reasons for „

3.The reasons for „ is that + 从句

--表示不同看法的句型：

1.Different peoplehave hold different opinionviewon

this questionproblem

Some believe that „Others argue that „Still others maintain that „译：人们对国际文化交流的看法各不相同。有些人认为，国际文化交流能促进各国人民之间的友谊和了解。另一些人则争辩说，中国是一个具有5000年历史的文明古国，并且有自己的传统文化，它和西方文化截然不同。因此，他们反对国际文化交流。我认为，第2种看法是片面的。现在国际文化交流是非常重要的。各国人民应该互相了解、互相学习以便增进友谊。

People differ in their opinions on the international cultural exchange.Some believe that international cultural exchange contributes to the friendship and understanding of the people all over the world.Others argue that China is an ancient civilized nation with a history of 5000 years and has its own

traditional culture, which is quite different from that in the western countries.Therefore, they are opposed to the international cultural exchange.In my opinion, the second view is one-sided and partial.The international cultural exchange is of great importance now.People of all countries should understand each other and learn from each other to enhance the friendship among them.1.They are quite different from each other in their opinions.2.Some people hold the opinion that it is good to have a small family.Example: Parents and children think differently on this question.Parents hold that children should work hard and do well at school.Children, however, maintain that they should have freedom to spend their leisure time and to plan for their own future.---表示必须、紧急、有困难做某事的句型：

1.It is important(necessary, urgent, difficult, easy, convenient, comfortable, expensive, desirable, advisable)for sb.To do sth.2.have trouble difficulty(in)doing sth.(有困难做某事)

have trouble with sth.(对„有困难，不好对付)

---关于因果关系的句型：

1.The reason for higher prices was an increase in demand.because as since causesresult in thereforeas a resultbecause of---辩论中常用的句型：

1.There is no doubt that „毫无疑问 2.It is obvious/clear that 明显„

3.As is known all众所周知4.(It’s)no wonder„(难怪)

5.It goes without saying that „(不成问题，很自然)

6.What is more important更重要的是7.I am convinced that我坚信