高中英语写作技巧

第一篇：高中英语写作技巧

高中英语写作技巧和方法浅谈

中学生英语学习面临很多问题，不仅是阅读、改错和完型，还有学生们的书面表达能力，在写作方面还需要广大教师积极探讨和研究。找出切实可行的训练方法和技巧。我们知道要想用英语把文章写好，首先需要打下牢固的语言基础，即相当程度的语言造诣、良好的语言修养和敏锐的语言感知能力。写作者必须懂得写作的具体步骤，了解写作的性质，掌握写作的技巧。更为重要的是，中国学生还必须解决用英语思维的问题。不懂得英美人思维方式人，无论语言功底有多深，是写不出地道的英语文章的。英语语言的功底指对这门语言中各种语言知识的掌握和运用能力，其中包括用词的准确和精炼、修辞手段的自如运用、时态的准确运用以及语法和句法结构的熟练掌握等。写作中常出现的问题是用词欠准确，这主要是由于对词意和词在不同的语境中所产生的不同语意把握不好所致，而词汇量的贫乏也无疑是造成用词欠妥的一个重要因素。当然，掌握了一定词汇量而不懂得修辞知识的人仍不可能把文章写好。而我们的学生在写作中常有如下几种病句出现：

一． 不一致（Disagreements）所谓不一致不光指主谓不一致，它还包括了数的不一致、时态不一致及代词不一致等．

例１． When one have money ,he can do what he want to.(人一旦有了钱，他就能想干什么就干什么．)

二． 修饰语错位（Misplaced Modifiers）英语与汉语不同，同一个修饰语置

句子不同的位置，句子的含义可能引起变化．对于这一点中国学生往往没有引起足够的重视，因而造成了不必要的误解．

例１． I believe I can do it well and I will better know the world outside the campus.三． 句子不完整（Sentence Fragments）在口语中，交际双方可借助手势语气上下文等，不完整的句子完全可以被理解．可是书面语就不同了，句子结构不完整会令意思表达不清，这种情况常常发生在主句写完以后，笔者又想加些补充说明时发生．

例１． There are many ways to know the society.For example by TV ,radio ,newspaper and so on.四． 悬垂修饰语（Dangling Modifiers）所谓悬垂修饰语是指句首的短语与后面句子的逻辑关系混乱不清．例如：At the age of ten, my grandfather died.这句中＂at the age of ten＂只点出十岁时，但没有说明” 谁”十岁时．按一般推理不可能是my grandfather, 如果我们把这个悬垂修饰语改明确一点，全句就不那么费解了．改为：When I was ten, my grandfather died.例１． To do well in college, good grades are essential.剖析：句中不定式短语 “to do well in college” 的逻辑主语不清楚

五． 词性误用(Misuse of Parts of Speech)“词性误用”常表现为：介词当动词用；形容词当副词用；名词当动词用等．

例１． None can negative the importance of money.剖析：negative 系形容词，误作动词。改为：

None can deny the importance of money.六． 指代不清(Ambiguous Reference of Pronouns)指代不清主要讲的是代词与被指代的人或物关系不清，或者先后所用的代词不一致。试看下面这一句：

Mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted her to be her bridesmaid.(玛丽和我姐姐很要好，因为她要她做她的伴娘。)

读完上面这一句话，读者无法明确地判断两位姑娘中谁将结婚，谁将当伴娘。如果我们把易于引起误解的代词的所指对象加以明确，意思就一目了然了。这个句子可改为：

Mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted my sister to be her bridesmaid.例1.And we can also know the society by serving it yourself.剖析：句中人称代词we 和反身代词yourself指代不一致。改为：

We can also know society by serving it ourselves.七． 不间断句子(Run-on Sentences)什么叫run-on sentence?请看下面的例句。例１． There are many ways we get to know the outside world.剖析：这个句子包含了两层完整的意思：“There are many ways.” 以及“We get to know the outside world.”。简单地把它们连在一起就不妥当了。改为：

There are many ways for us to learn about the outside world.或：

There are many ways through which we can become acquainted with the outsideworld

八． 措词毛病(Troubles in Diction)Diction 是指在特定的句子中如何适当地选用词语的问题，囿于教学时间紧迫，教师平时在这方面花的时间往往极其有限，影响了学生在写作中没有养成良好的推敲，斟酌的习惯。他们往往随心所欲，拿来就用。所以作文中用词不当的错误比比皆是。

例１． The increasing use of chemical obstacles in agriculture also makes pollution.(农业方面化学物质使用的不断增加也造成了污染。)

剖析：显然，考生把obstacles“障碍”，“障碍物”误作substance“物质”了。另外“the increasing use(不断增加的使用)” 应改为“abusive use(滥用)”。改为：

The abusive use of chemical substances in agriculture also causes/leads to pollution.九． 累赘(Redundancy)

言以简洁为贵。写句子没有一个多余的词；写段落没有一个无必要的句子。能用单词的不用词组；能用词组的不用从句或句子。如：

In spite of the fact that he is lazy, I like him.例１． For the people who are diligent and kind, money is just the thing to be used to buy the thing they need.剖析：整个句子可以大大简化。改为：

Diligent, caring people use money only to buy what they need.十． 不连贯(Incoherence)

不连贯是指一个句子前言不对后语，或是结构上不畅通。这也是考生常犯的毛病。例１． The fresh water, it is the most important things of the earth.剖析：The fresh water 与逗号后的it 不连贯。It 与things 在数方面不一致。改为：

Fresh water is the most important thing in the world.十一． 综合性语言错误(Comprehensive Misusage)

所谓“综合性语言错误”，是指除了上述十种错误以外，还有诸如时态，语态，标点符号，大小写等方面的错误。

例1．Today, Money to everybody is very importance, our’s eat, cloth, live, go etc.所以面对这些学生常犯的病句，我们应该拿出一些方法在平时的教学活动中加以运用和操练。写作时作者必须清楚写作的具体任务、写作的特殊性以及写作所需要的各种技巧。写作是一种综合的智力活动，其作品是以思想为基础，以语言为工具而创造出来的艺术品。写作不仅需要丰富的想象力，还需要严谨的语言逻辑和独特的思想。否则，文章决不可能成为语言的佳作。

一、夯实基础，养成良好的写作习惯是前提

第一，要调动学生主动学习的积极性。

第二、要加强词汇、语法、句型教学及操练。

第三，努力创造课内外的语言环境，学生的各项语言技能是相互依存、相互促进的。教师在平时的阅读课教学中有意识的培养学生进行逻辑思维的能力显得尤为重要。如 ： ①topic sentence，要求学生通过阅读找出每一段的关键词及关键句；

②short summary of each paragraph，要求学生用自己的话归纳出每一段的大意； ③best title，要求学生根据每一段的内容写出标题；

④infer and imply，要求学生根据阅读内容及教师有意所设置的问题品出文章的弦外之音，培养学生联想及空间想像能力；

⑤paraphrase，要求学生用自己的话解释文中的新词、习语及难句，旨在培养学生熟练运用近义词、同义词及其同义结构的能力；

⑥short passage，要求学生将所学的课文缩写成一篇80到100字左右的短文，培养学生的概括能力；等等。

二．训练技巧，提高作文档次是目标

有了扎实的基本功，还应掌握一定的写作技巧。据统计，近几年全国英语高考卷中的写作，主要是关于记人、叙事、写信和通知或看图作文等内容的记叙文、议论文和应用文。最近几年的高考作文题表明，看图作文在高中作文教学中有着举足轻重的地位。

无论是记叙文、议论文还是应用文，在具体的写作过程中，我们均可以按如下方式进行训练。

1.认真审题立意，确定写作中心。找出根据这个中心能够扩展的材料有哪些。要避免写那些与中心内容无关紧要的细节。以命题作文“The Classmate I Admire Most”为例，文

章的主题是关于记叙我最欣赏的一位同学，因而就不能泛泛谈论这位同学的家庭关系、社会背景等，而要紧紧抓住这位同学身上能够吸引你的地方展开。

2.围绕中心，列出写作提纲。提纲一定要包含所提供的情景、要点，同时要尽量使用自己熟悉的词汇与句型。仍以“The Classmate I Admire Most”为例。提纲可以

①Who is the Classmate I admire most? ②My reasons.（Some examples）

③What can I learn from the Classmate.3.根据字数多少，扩展成篇。扩展的内容一定要紧扣主题，千万不要写那些与主题不相关的内容。扩展时要注意短文的字数，以避免由于字数不够引起的扣分。在写的过程中也有一些值得遵循的规律，以下几点可供参考。

1、在整篇文章中，努力避免只是用

一、两个句式。要灵活运用各种句式。如倒装句、强调句、省略句、主从复合句、对比句、分词短语、介词短语等。

2、使用不同长度的句子，通过分句和合句，增强句子地连贯性和表现力。

3、改变句子的开头方式，不要一味以主、谓、宾、状的次序。可以把状语置于句首，或用分词等。

4、学会使用过渡词，即关联词。如：

①递进 furthermore, moreover, besides, in addition, then,what's more，what was worse，once more,etc

②转折 however, but, nevertheless, afterwards,etc

③总结 finally, at last, in brief, to conclude, in a word, in general, generally speaking, in short, as you know, in the end ；etc

④强调 really, indeed, certainly, surely, above all, etc

⑤比较、对比： just like, just as, in the same way, more or less, sooner or later, on the contrary, on the other hand ；

⑥并列： and, also, as well as, and then，⑦顺序、动作过程：first, firstly, first of all, second, secondly, at first, at last, next，⑧时间：now, then, afterwards, soon, five minutes later,before long, shortly after that, soon after supper, to this day, just now, just then

⑨结果：thus, therefore, so, as a result, seeing that, luckily, unfortunately ⑩解释和说明： that is to say, namely, for example, actually, and so on, such as, believe it or not, to tell you the truth,according to this, for this reason.5、尽量避免重复使用同一单词或词组。

6、确定文章用第几人称写，基本时态是什么。一句话，要使所写文章连贯（coherence），形体不散，逻辑经得起推敲。

三、大量实践，讲究方法是提高作文质量的重要保证

总之，写作能力的培养和提高，有赖于扎实的基础、写作方法和大量的写作实践。只要我们从这点出发，充分调动学生的学习积极性，以学生为中心，创造良好的课内外语言环境，定能有效地促进学生写作能力的形成，改变目前学生写作能力弱的现状，在写作方面，推动英语教学再上新台阶。例文：Mr Moor, our English teacher, is a lovely man.He is thirty-four years old and he is from the United States.We all love him thanks to his teaching attitude that every one can learn English well as long as he/she works harder.No matter when we ask him questions, he is always glad to answer them.Furthermore, he often asks us to study the questions and problems carefully before we start to solve them.It is demanded that every student raise and answer a question every day.As he said, asking “why” is able to assist us to know more.With time flying, we have been making more and more progresses, and of course, we admire him more and more.今年命题者用诗歌的形式来表现提纲。同学们第一次接触到这种命题形式，乍一看确实有点手足无措，仔细分析其实今年的命题在实质上并没有发生改变，依然是换汤不换药（old wine ,new bottle），完全就是一个穿上时尚外衣的老朋友――提纲式作文。

此题等价于如下考生最擅长的提纲式作文：

题目：My Teacher Mr.Moore

内容必须包含以下三点：

1．lovely and thirty-four

2．encourage us, leads us to a world of “why”

3．we admire him more and more

此时大家再来写这篇作文，就会觉得得心应手，因为大家平常训练最多的也就是这种类型。

根据提纲式作文写法分析如下：

第一段：提出文章要描述的对象，于是就可以写出第一段内容Of all my teachers, Mr.Moore is the one who impressed me most.当然最好不要写成This is my teacher Mr.Moore.这种开头一般是介绍或者寻人启事，呵呵。

第二段：详细描述，根据提纲中的关键词lovely, thirty four, encourage us, leads us to a world of “why”加以组织，连接成有逻辑关系且阐述清楚的话语，这也是这篇文章的考点所在。于是可以这样来适当添加内容：

Though he is 34, he appears very young for his age.And he is one of the most popular teachers among our students.Compared with other teachers, Mr.Moore pays more attention to his way of teaching.He tries various ways to make his classes vivid and interesting.He always tells us we should not only

know “what”, but also understand “why”, so, instead of giving us answers immediately, he encourages us to think by ourselves whenever he puts forward questions.With his help, we’ve learned how to analyze and settle problems.What a wonderful world of “why” he leads us to!

这一段第一句就相当好，首先用Though来过渡。接着连词and继续描述Mr.Moore的特征the most popular.Compared with词组自然过渡到描述Mr.Moore如何encourage us to try ,然后用with his help来总结他的教学给我们带来的影响。本段末尾用一个感叹句来揭示leads us to a world of “why”。文中连词用得相当好，每一句话都有连词来过渡，这是同学们最缺乏的。另外文章句型的多变性也值得大家学习，比如使用固定搭配not only…but also, compared with, instead of, with his help等，这些使得文章必然是满分。同学们平时应该有意识地用连词连接自己说的每一句话。使自己的文章更加紧凑，层次清晰；同时记得使用比较好的固定搭配，让你的文章增色。

第三段：总结自己的观点。这是各种文体的通用写法。根据提纲中的we admire him more and more.为了承接第二段内容，我们写出一个承上启下的句子：He is so learned that we all admire him very much and we all love him for ever.最后总结高考作文变化的应对策略，同学们应该沉着，敏锐地分析高考作文花架子下的实质，这样大家就可以以不变应万变。无论高考作文形式怎么变，大家的高分永不变！

附范文：

My Teacher Mr.Moore

Of all my teachers, Mr.Moore is the one who impressed me most.Though he is 34,he appears very young for his age.And he is one of the most popular teachers among our students.Compared with other teachers, Mr.Moore pays more attention to his way of teaching.He tries various ways to make his classes vivid and interesting.And he always tells us we should not only know “what”,but also understand “why”, so, instead of giving us answers immediately.He also encourages us to think by ourselves whenever he puts forward questions.With his help, we’ve learned how to analyze and settle problems.What a wonderful world of “why” he leads us to!

He is so learned that we all admire him very much and we all love him for ever.

第二篇：高中英语写作技巧

写作中一些技巧：

1、审题：审题是做到切题的第一步。所谓审题就是要看清题意，确定文章的中心思想、主题，并围绕中心思想组织材料。

2、进行构思，列出简单的提纲，打造文章之骨架：审好题、立好意后，就要写提纲，打造文章的骨架。文章布局要做好几件事：安排好层次段落，铺设好过渡，处理好开头和结尾。

3、扩展成文：根据字数多少扩展成篇。扩展的内容一定要紧扣主题，千万不要写那些与主题不相关的内容。展开的方式包括：顺序法、举例法、比较法、对比法、说明法、因果法、推导法、归纳法和下定义等。可以根据需要任选一种或几种方式。

在这一步骤中还需注意三方面问题：

1）确保提纲中段落结构的思路与各段主题句的一致性。只有这样，才能保证所写段落不

偏题、不跑题。

2）要综合考虑各个段落的内容安排，避免段落内容的交叉。

3）用好连接词，注意段落间、句子间的连贯性。要做到所写文章层次分明，思路清晰，文字连贯，就需要在句与句之间、段与段之间架起一座座桥梁，而连接词起的正是桥

梁作用。

在扩展的过程中也有些窍门，以下几点可供参考：

1）在整篇文章中，避免只是用一两个句式或重复用同一词语。英语中存在着极为丰富的同义词，准确地使用同义词可以给读者清新的感觉。同时要灵活运用各种句式，如

倒装句、强调句、省略句、主从复合句、对比句、分词短语、介词短语等，从而增加

文章的可读性。

2）使用不同长度的句子。如果一个意思用一句话写不清楚的话，通过分句和合句或用两

句、三句来表达，增强句子的连贯性和表现力。

3）改变句子的开头方式，不要总是以主、谓、宾、状的次序。可以把状语至于句首，或

用分词等。

4）学会使用过渡词。

（1)递进furthermore，moreover，besides，in addition，then，etc

（2)转折however，but，nevertheless，afterwards，etc

（3)总结finally，at last，in brief，to conclude，etc

（4)强调really，indeed，certainly，surely，above a11，etc

（5)对比in the same way，just as，on the other hand，etc

5）确定文章用第几人称写，基本时态是什么。使用人称时人物不能张冠李戴或指代不明。

时态要尽量保持一致。

4、检查修改：要检查复核，不要写完了事。

要留时间通读全文，修改可能出现的错误。检查上下文是否连贯，句子衔接是否自然流畅。检验的标准主要是句子是否通畅，该用连词的地方用了没有，所用的连词是否合适，是否有语法错误，主谓是否一致，动词的时态、语态、语气的使用是否正确，词组的搭配是否合乎习惯，是否有大小写、拼写、标点错误等，还有就是注意卷面整洁。

可归纳为：中心突出，主题明确；层次清楚，条理清晰； 表达力强，传情达意；语句通顺，句型多变；过渡自然，衔接紧凑；标点正确，大小无误；字迹清楚，卷面整洁。

以上是一些写作技巧以及相关的一些注意事项。下面我们来看看一些最近几年常见的体裁及可借鉴的写作模式。

一、议论文

议论文要求学生就某一方面的问题通过摆事实、讲道理的方式来发表自己的看法。一般来说，议论文由论点、论据、论证三部分组成。要做到：1）论点要正确无误。2）论据要可靠充分。论据可以是人们公认的真理，也可以是经过实践考证的经典著作。3）论证要合理严密。人们常用的论证方法有归纳法、推理法、对比法。议论文一般按提出问题、解决问题的逻辑顺序来安排层次。

（一）议论文的写作步骤

1、引言（introduction）：由于英语作文受时间、字数的限制，因此，在引言段中作者就

必须简单解释要讨论的问题，并明白地亮出自己的观点，如提倡什么，支持什么，反对

什么等。

2、展开段（supporting sentences）：展开段是议论的过程，作者必须有足够的证据（adequate

proofs）来论证自己的观点。一般可提出一个或两个proofs, 并对此用一两句话分别进行

阐述。

3、结论（conclusion）：结论段可以用一两句话来结束文章。同时要注意与引言段呼应，但不能照搬前面的原话。

（二）议论文的类型

英语议论文根据命题特点，从形式上来看可分为如下类型:

1、对问题“一分为二”的观点。这类文章大多结合当前时事，要求学生就某种现象谈其利弊。如“轿车大量进入家庭后，对家庭、环境、经济可能产生的影响”。此类文章的模式及套语如下，仅供参考：

第一段：

nowadays more and more people…/… plays an important part in… like everything else… has /have both favorable and unfavorable aspects(both advantages and disadvantages).generally, the favorable aspects(advantages)can be listed as follows.第二段：

first…secondly…in addition(what’s more)…

第三段：

every coin has two sides.the negative aspects(advantages)are also apparent(obvious).to begin with… to make matters worse… worst of all…

第四段：

through above analysis/all things considered, we can see that the positive aspects(advantages)outweigh the negative aspects(disadvantages).therefore …

范文：讨论电脑的利弊。

computers are playing a more and more important role in modern society.they are widely used almost in every field, such as business, transportation and education.we use computers to process and store all kinds of information.also, they are entering ordinary families.we use computers to control electrical appliances and to entertain ourselves by playing games on them.without computers, the world would not be what it is today.in spite of this, computers cause problems.for instance, a great system will break down when only a single computer goes wrong.it is possible that somebody breaks into a computer system to steal secret information.we cannot rely so much on computers.so we should develop more advanced and reliable computers in order to make our life more colorful and meaningful.2、“两者选一”的观点。这要求学生在a和b之间作一选择或比较，如“乘火车还是乘飞机”。

第一段：

some people hold the opinion that(a)is superior to(b)in many ways.others , however, argue that(b)is much better.personally, i would prefer(a)because(a)has more advantages.第二段：

there are many reasons why i prefer(a).the main reason is that ….another reason is that…

第三段：

of course, choosing(b)also has advantages to some extent.(give one or two advantages of b)

第四段：

but if all these factors are considered,(a)is much better that(b).from what has been discussed above, we may finally draw the conclusion that…

3、“我认为……”即“我的观点”型。如“一些学生喜欢拿自己的同学开恶作剧的玩笑，谈谈你的看法。”

some of the students around us like playing practical jokes on others at school, but frankly speaking, i don’t think it’s wise to do this kind of thing, for they often lead to a lot of problems.in my opinion, playing tricks on your classmates might ruin the friendship between you and your friends.as young students, we sometimes do something only for fun without thinking of others’ feelings.playing some jokes may more or less hurt your friends.what’s more, playing tricks on others may do harm to their bodies.the victims of the jokes might suffer from severe pain not only mentally but also physically.last but not least, humor has been well defined as thinking in fun while feeling in earnest.if a person wants to make true friends, he must learn to foster the friendship which can enrich his life.he should learn to treat his friends sincerely and frankly, to give advice and to help whenever they need but never to` play meaningless practical jokes on them.4、图表作文。图表式作文通过阅读图表中的数字与项目得出一个结论或形成一种看法。写作要点：不需要把表中的数据一一列出，只要选几个有代表性的数据加以叙述并结合数据抓住实质简而议之。

下面的模式可供参考：

模式一：

第一段：

… is known as one of the most serious problems in today’s world, as is shown in the grapy,/according to the figures shown in the grapy,(表述图表中的数字)

第二段：

（陈述理由）furthermore,（继续陈述理由）as a result,（引起的后果…的减少或增长）(…experiencing a decrease/increase)

第三段：

so i believe…will be achieved through efforts of every person.模式二：

第一段：

from…we can see the increase/decrease（描述数字的句型）…was/added up to（数字）in（时间）, while it increased/decreasedto(数字and数字)in(时间and时间)respectively.therefore, it can be predicted that …will further increase/decrease(is/are to be on the rise/decrease)in the future.第二段：

there are chiefly three reasons for the rise/decrease.firstly…secondly…, apart from the above reasons…

第三段：

in spite of what is mentioned above, there are still… the grapy/table indicted… hence, the situation is still serious and how to …is still a challenging task.5、看图写话。根据图画写故事，伴之以简单议论或者简述图画内容，透过现象看本质，以议论为主。

以XX年的高考作文为例。图片上女儿在学骑自行车，奶奶、父亲和一手拿着急救箱的母亲三人满头大汗地扶着车，深怕女儿摔着了。图片下有一行字：你们让我自己骑好吗？这仍是一个涉及到孩子怎样独立的问题。此类文章可采用以下的模式：

1.outline the reasons/the cause of the problem.2.many ways can be used to solve this serious problem, but the following ones may be effective.3.first of all…besides…/another way to solve the problem of …is…finally…

4.from my experience, i feel there is no shortcut in doing everything./ maybe these are not the best

or only measures we can take.but it should be noted that we should take great pains to…

二、记叙文

记叙文要求学生根据题目提供的信息，组织语言材料，编写成文。一般说来，记叙文有时间、地点、人物、事件、原因和结果六要素，写作时要明确清楚地给予表达。

1、记人。要注意介绍人物的身世、经历和事迹等。

第一段：

in my life i have met many people who are really worth mentioning.but perhaps the most unforgettable person i have ever known is…

第二段：

it is his special quality that is always kept in my memory.第三段：列举第一个特点或外貌，在描写时一定要围绕一个主题句展开。

第四段：列举第二个特点，在描写时也一定要围绕一个主题句展开。

第五段：谈谈感想。

例文：

the most unforgettable teacher

in my life i have met many people who are really worth mentioning.but perhaps the most unforgettable person i have ever known is my chinese teacher.it is his special quality that is always kept in my memory.for one thing, i was attracted by his wide range of knowledge.i remember that we students always attended his class with great eagerness because his lectures were humorously delivered, and he never failed to give us valuable advice.nothing seemed difficult to learn through his explanation.for another, i was deeply impressed by the respect he showed for us.as he treated us like friends rather than students, we all liked to visit his home for social activities as well as for advice.although it is over a year now since i attended his last class, he is the talk of our old classmates, and i know part of him has already stayed in my heart.2、叙事。记事文要描写事情发生与发展的过程，叙述事情发生的前因后果等，也就是说在写事件时，应抓住事件发生的时间、地点、人物等几个基本要素。也就是我们常说的五个问题：

1)what happened?

2)when did it happen?

3)where did it happen?

4)who was involved?

5)why did it happen?

抓住这几个问题，一般就能把一个事件完整地表达出来。

范文：

an unforgettable examination

i have experienced many kinds of examination in my life, the most unforgettable of which was the final-examination last term.before the examination, i stayed up late in order to get a good score.the next morning i rushed to school without breakfast.in the course of the examination, i saw a very difficult problem and it took me a lot of time.i thought hard but couldn’t work it out.soon after i gave up, i fell asleep at my desk.when i woke up , the examination was over, you can imagine what happened in the end.i drew a good lesson from this examination.that is, listening attentively and going over your lessons regularly means less work.三、书信的写作

1、称谓：

无职衔的男子：mr.wang/zhang

已婚女子：mrs wang/zhao

未婚女子：miss wang/zhang

博士：dr.zhang

教授：pro.lin

还有一些表示感情色彩的词。

如：dear dr.smith/dear madam/dear sir2、正文

正文要从称谓的下一行写起，可以和称谓齐头写，也可以向内缩五个字母写。正文就是要具体地写你想表达的内容，要注意表达清楚、简练，让收信人很容易得知你要表达的内容。

3、结束语：

结束语写在正文的下方，另起一行。常用的结束语有：

best wishes!/ good luck!/give my best wishes to your family!/looking forward to your reply!

4、签名：

sincerely yours/yours sincerely/truly yours/yours respectfully/respectfully yours

例文一：下面是一个叫kurt的人写给父母的家书。

17th dec.dear mother and father,i feel very excited at the thought that in another week i shall be with you again on holiday.i have enjoyed my stay in england very much indeed.mr.dowson and my fellow students are all very nice to me.but, as they say in england, “there’s no place like home,” and i think one feels this above all at christmas time.i am leaving here early on thursday, the 23rd, and i shall arrive in basle on friday morning, so i shall be home somewhere about lunch time.can you meet me at the station, as i shall have a lot of luggage?

i’ve got some christmas presents for you all.i’m not going to tell you what your presents are, so it will be a surprise.i hope you will like them.how are you all at home? i hope you are all keeping well.see that father always puts on his big coat when he goes out, so that he doesn’t catch cold.i can’t say how much i want to see you and my brother all again.love and all good wishes,kurt

例文二：写求职信的一般模式

dear 1 ,i would like to apply for a position in your company.2.i enclose my resume which describes my education and work experience.3.i would appreciate it very much if you could give me a chance.i look forward to your reply.yours sincerely,4上述内容中所填的内容依次是：

① 正确的称谓

② 信息来源及求职原因

③ 具体介绍自己的情况及适合这职位的原因

④ 署名

四、说明文

说明文就是用简单的文字说明事物的特点、类别、构造、用途、成因等。它包括广告、知识小品、教材、书文简介、理论性概念或定律的解释。

写说明文应清楚以下几点：

1、条理分明，遵循空间顺序、时间顺序、逻辑顺序、因果关系。

2、说明文要浅显、准确、简介，避免过分的夸张。

例文一：以“how to protect your eyes”为题写一篇130字左右的文章。

how to protect your eyes

“eyes are windows of the soul,” people often say.everyone understands how important the eyes are.but how to protect eyesight remains a question among us students, at least many of us.if you want to protect your eyesight, you must pay attention to the following points:

first, you should not keep your eyes working for a long time.after you have studied for a ling time, about an hour or so, you had better have a rest by looking in the long distance.secondly, you should keep your book about a foot away from your eyes when you read it.you should also keep in mind, “don’t read in a poor light or in the sun;don’t read in the moving bus or in bed.” doing eye-exercises will help you keep good eyesight.if you fail to keep these rules, you will become short-sighted sooner or later.例文二：

你到杭州游览，报上介绍三家酒店，情况如下：

酒店a，四星级，位于火车站旁，房间和各种设施条件良好。

酒店b，四星级，位于著名的西湖旁，景致极好。

酒店c，二星级，位于离开西湖仅5分钟步行路程的一条小马路上。

你会选择哪家，请说出你的理由。

i will choose the two-star-hotel near the west lake.first, i am a student.i can’t afford my own living now.so there is no need to waste money to choose a four-star hotel.it is a waste of money.second, this hotel is quite near to the west lake.it only takes me five minutes’ walk.so i don’t need to pay for taxies or buses.it is very convenient for me to visit the west lake anytime i want.and with all the money i have saved, i can enjoy a more exciting visit to the west lake.i can visit more places, play more games and also enjoy more good food.though the hotel is not as beautiful as the other two hotels, and its services may not be as good as those two hotels, i will still choose this hotel because i think i can enjoy my several days’ trip here.总之，英文写作是一个学生英语综合能力的书面体现，它需要一个长期复杂的训练过程。但是如果教师让学生在了解掌握写作技巧和模式的基础上，同时在平时不断从学生的实际水平出发，有目的、有计划、有要求、有检查、有反馈地培养学生的写作能力，由易到难，循序渐进，那么学生到写的时候就能做到厚积薄发、思如泉涌、下笔如有神。

参考书目：

1．高考英语全能训练及专项指导

2． 英语常见问题解答大词典 ibs7-27-03887-9/h94

3． a brief discussion about how to improve middle school students’english writing proficiency

______ journal of chongqing three gorges university ruan hongbo

4．how to improve students’ english writing ability

_______ china educational technique and equipment li liang

5．on the teaching of writing in basic english class

_______ journal of jiangxi science and technology normal university

第三篇：高中英语写作技巧

高考英语写作技巧

一, 高考英语书面表达基本策略:

仔细审题。如果是看图写文，看懂每幅图之间的联系至关重要。

写要点。据每幅图写出一至两句话。因为每年高考书面表达一般控制在10句话，120 个词左右。

连句成文。每句话写好后，用适当的连词连接起来，使之上下连贯，呼应，通顺，简洁。查错漏。完稿后，检查一下有没有时态，语态，拼写错误并逐一加以改正。

卷面整洁。卷面整洁干净甚至比准确，通顺，简介更重要。因为整洁干净给阅卷人精神 上带来愉悦，相对而言，分数自然要给得高一些。

为了帮助同学们在平时写作练习的时候时刻牢记这些写作的基本要领，特编顺口溜如 下：细审题，巧构思，列要点，防遗漏。写日记，同汉语；书信，通知格式要牢记。看清图 表细梳理，写人记事按顺序；完稿后查遗漏，整洁干净莫忘记。

二, 高考英语书面表达高分策略：从遣词，造句，谋篇三个方面分析。

遣词的原则：使用高等级词汇及短语, 如果仅仅记住几个简单基础的词汇,而且一味的 重复低水平的英语知识点,还远远没有达到大学的入学要求。这就要求考生在平时的训练和 考试当中，有意识的强化“复杂，高级”这两个概念，使自己的作文能力区别于普通学生的作

文，使自己一下子就站在一个比别人高的位置上，充分显示自己的实力。

平时学习过程中注意总结各种各样的词汇。以描述人物的词汇为例：

表达人物爱憎感情：

like, love, be interested in, be fond of…

hate, dislike, be tired of, lose interest in…

happy, excited, pleased, satisfied, angry, sad, worried, disappointed, terrified, mad,frightened… ….造句的原则：

句式多变，语法活用，句子是表达一个完整意思的最小当位，所以造句能

力在英文写作中是非常重要的。好的英语句子能够生动，形象，准确的表达内容。所以要想 写出漂亮的书面表达，必须从写好句子开始。

谋篇的原则：

满分作文都有个共性就是有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使全文结构紧凑。文章的连贯性和紧凑感是很重要的。句子作为最小的表达意思的语言当位如果只是被随意的整合，是无法达到有效表达的目的。

常见的句子之间的连接手段有：

使用代词指代上一句中的名词

重复使用上一句中的词

使用连接词

使用平行结构

高考大纲中常用的连接词:

表并列补充关系的: what is more, besides, also, as well, moreover, furthermore, in addition,表转折对比关系的: but, however, yet, instead, on the other hand, on the contrary,although, different from, in contrast to, despite, in spite of, whereas, unlike, nevertheless,not only…but also, here…there, years ago…today, this…that, the former…the latter,then…now, the first…whereas the second, once…now, on the one hand…on the otherhand, some…others,表因果关系的: since, as, because(of), for, so, thus, therefore, as a result, so that,表条件关系的: if, on the condition(that), as long as, unless, or else,表时间关系的: when, after, before, until, as soon as, later, afterwards, soon, lately,recently, since, from then on, eventually, in the meantime, then, suddenly, at the sametime, next, early this morning/year/century, after an interval, now, after, presently, later,afterward, somewhat later, finally, at last, all of a sudden,表特定的顺序关系: above all, first of all, firstly, first, secondly, the , next, finally, in the end,at last,表换一种方式表达: in other words, that is to say, to put it another way,表进行举例说明: for instance, for example, like, such as,表陈述事实: in fact, actually, as a matter of fact, to tell you the truth

表总结: on the whole, in short, all in all, general, in a word, in conclusion, in closing, insummary.考试作文经典妙语集锦

topic 1:people attend college or university for many different reasons(for example ,newexperiences, career preparation, increased knowledge).why do think people attend

college or university? use special reasons and examples to support your answer.students have ample opportunity to explore a variety of interests, increase boththeir general and specific knowledge, prepare for a choosen career and develop

independence.all of these are valuable goals to achieve, but it is my belief that most studentstoday purse higher education insgroupsto prepare for their future careers.the world has changed a great deal since universities were established.topic 2:do you agree or disagree with the following statement? parents are the best

teachers.use special reasons and examples to support your answer.frist ,our parents begin teaching us the moment we are born, and what they teachus in those early years are the most important we can learn.in addition, they teach us how to be independent and how to learn.inally, our parents are devoted teachers who always want the best for us.topic 3: food has become easier to prepare.has this change improved the way peoplelive ? use special reasons and examples to support your answer.in the past , preparing a meal was a long and laborious process.meals can now be prepared in a matter of minutes rather than hours.most importantly ,because food preparation is no longer such a time-consumingprocess, people have more time for other things.英语谚语佳句

A friend in need is a friend indeed.患难见真情。

All good things come to an end.天下没有不散的筵席。

All roads lead to Rome.条条大路通罗马。

All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.只会用功不玩耍，聪明孩子也变傻。

A miss is as good as a mile.失之毫厘，差之千里。

A new broom sweeps clean.新官上任三把火。

An eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth.以眼还眼，以牙还牙。

Constant dripping wears away a stone.水滴石穿，绳锯木断。

Do as you would be done by.己所不欲，勿施于人。

Doing is better than saying.与其挂在嘴上，不如落实在行动上。

Fact speak louder than words.事实胜于雄辩。

Failure is the mother of success.失败是成功之母。

It is never too old to learn.活到老，学到老。

Love me, love my dog.爱屋及乌。

The die is cast.木已成舟。

The early bird catches the worm.早起的鸟儿有虫吃。

Time flies.光阴似箭。

Time is money.时间就是金钱。

Unity is strength.团结就是力量。

Until all is over one's ambition never dies.不到黄河心不死。

Water dropping day by day wears the hardest rock away.滴水穿石。

Wealth is nothing without health.失去健康，钱再多也没用。

What's done cannot be undone.生米煮成熟饭了。

Where there is a will, there is a way.有志者事竟成。

Where there is life, there is hope.留得青山在，不怕没柴烧。

You cannot eat your cake and have it.鱼与熊掌，不可得兼。

You can take a horse to the water but you cannot make him drink.强扭的瓜不甜。

第四篇：2013高中英语写作技巧

2013高中英语写作技巧

书面表达历来是英语教学中一个难点，要想在限定的时间内写出一篇质量上乘的文章，非一日之功。纵观几年来的高考书面表达，我们可以看出，高考英语写作越来越重视情景的设置，要求考生总结自己的感受和见解，给出自己的观点。书面表达又是全面衡量学生英语综合水平的一种测试形式，因此，我们不得不重视。

一、英语写作教学中存在的缺陷

1．在平时教学中，教师缺乏一定的时间对学生进行有针对性的辅导，导致学生写完书面表达后，不知道自己哪方面不足，更不知道如何改进。教师本身对写作训练重视的程度不够，学生对写作更是捉不起兴趣。

2．受汉语思维方式的影响，学生在写作过程中容易写出语法不通的句子。同时．由于学生对英语文化背景知识的缺乏，在写作中常出现一些知识性错误。因此，教师应培养学生用英语思维的习惯并加强英语文化背景知识的学习。

3_单词背诵是很枯燥的，很多学生不愿意记单词和词组，这就严重影响了写作水平的提高。词汇量的匮乏直接影响学生写作，而且在考试中，高级词汇的使用会增加文章的亮点。因此，教学中应该重视词汇的教学。

4．教师缺乏一定的指导技巧和系统的训练方法。教师在教学中对写作的训练并没有理清思路，分散、无条理性的指导会使学生更迷惑，不知如何下笔。

二、提高写作教学效果的对策

1．提高学生对写作的重视程度

首先，学生对写作重视起来，才能下工夫去训练和提高。一些学生认为即使付出努力，写作水平也不会得到提高，这是错误的想法。教师要从本质上使学生认清写作的重要性，写作也是和人进行有效交流的手段，真正认识到写作在实际生活中的重要作用。教师要从自身转变，考虑到学生的实际接收水平，在写作教学中寻找适合学生的、科学的教学方法。

其次，写作练习要落在实处。写作水平的提高不是一蹴而就的，需要持续的学习积累，而写日记是鼓励学生写作的有效方式之一。如果学生能够随时将自己在生活中的所见所闻都用英语记录下来，日积月累，学生的写作水平一定能够得到提高。通过这种方式，不仅能够提高学生的英语表达能力，而且还能培养学生用英语思维的习惯。

2．培养学生扎实的写作基本功

对词汇、短语、句型的熟悉是写好一篇文章的基础。因此，学生必须熟练掌握单词，对句型结构和语法知识全面了解，才能在写作的时候信手拈来，熟练运用。这就要求教师在教学过程中注意自己语言的准确性和生动性，从而为学生树立良好的学习榜样。学生只有具备良好的基础知识才能写出优秀的文章。记忆单词的方法有很多，如分类记忆，将词汇分类后再进行记忆；图表记忆，运用图表形式将一些重点单词罗列出来再进行记忆；卡片记忆，学生自己动手制作小卡片，在卡片上记录复杂的单词，随时记忆。在记忆的同时，还要克服易忘的问题。教师要为学生创设适当的情景，提供多条记忆线索，以便于学生记忆。教师不仅要运用多种教学方法，积极引导学生运用各种有效的记忆方法，还要在提高学生记忆效率方面下工夫。

3．加强范文的讲解和展示

英语范文具有优秀的格式、内容、要点、结构以及高级词汇和句型。因此，教师应该重视范文教学，为学生树立优秀的文章模版，让学生进行模仿。在实际教学中，教师挑选参考书、报刊、杂志上优秀的文章或者是学生写的优秀作品作为范文，为学生讲解文章的优秀之处，从而在潜移默化中提高自己的写作能力。另外，摘抄范文也是一种提高写作能力的方法，通过摘抄优美的语句，学生可以模仿写出同样优美的语句。同时，背诵范文也是相当必要的，背诵范文能够增加语感。教师应该定期进行一定的背诵检测，检查学生背诵范文的情况，学生背的优秀文章多了，在写作过程中就会日然而然地将优美的句子运用到自己的文章中，从而提高自己的写作水平。

4．改变写作的评价方式

改变传统的评价方式，归根到底是要树立学生的自信心，使学生敢于发表自

己的观点，敢于在习作中展露个性。批改方式多样化，应该把教师笔批、面批和学生互批、轮批、集体批、指定部分学生批等批改方式有机地结合起来。写作评讲自由化，可以学生自评、同学评、教师评或以互相探讨、辩论的方式进行。写作能力肯定化，在教学中，教师要注意及时鼓励、肯定学生的习作成果，为学生提供更多的展示机会。教师在批改过程中，如果点评恰当，可以让学生体会到自己在写作方面取得的进步，得到激励，建立自信，从而成为以后进步的动力，也可以通过适当的点评让学生认识到自己在写作中的不足，进行适当的改正，调整好学习的策略和心态。教师在批改过程中要注意从全局批改，从文章的结构到内容，从文章立意到支撑文章观点的材料使用是否恰当都要进行点评。此外，恰当使用评语可以增进师生感情，促进师生之间的合作，直接关系到学生能否认真听取教师的指导意见，从而完成对书面表达的改进。

5．丰富和扩展学生英美文化知识和生活常识

学生具备了丰富的英美文化知识和生活常识，才能更好地用英语思维写作，了解英美国家的文化，才不会张冠李戴，弄出笑话。弄清英美文化知识可以正确理解英语中的一些俚语和常用说法，使得文章更地道。英美文化知识是学生进行有效写作的必要条件，可以使学生更好、更地道地写出文章，也提高了学生的书面交际能力。

6．培养学生对写作的兴趣

兴趣是最好的老师，兴趣对调动人的思维有积极的作用。在教学中教师应该运用多种教学手段来激发学生的写作兴趣。教师可以举办写作大赛、书法大赛来激发学生的写作热情，通过多媒体的电教手段，创设出逼真的教学情境，让学生身临其境，有感而发。在实践过程中，让学生感到写作不再是一件难事，形成良性循环，从而爱上写作。在教学过程中，教师还要注意学生的主体地位。学生在写作过程中按照自己的想法自由创作，其他同学可以一起探讨别人作品中的优点和不足之处，进而对自己的写作起到指导作用。在课堂上，教师给予学生充足的时间和空间来探讨写作立意、写作方法，争取每个人都可以写出自己认为最完美的文章。

写作教学具有一定的难度，但也不是没有规律。我们应该遵循教学规律，按照循序渐进的原则进行教学，指导学生在平时多加观察、积累，背诵优秀的文章

和语句，由浅入深，由易到难，系统地进行训练。在高中英语写作教学中，教师要以学生为重心，充分发挥学生的积极性和主动性，鼓励学生多写、多练，从而从真正意义上提高学生的写作能力。

第五篇：浅谈高中英语议论文写作技巧

浅谈高中英语议论文写作技巧

高中英语议论文的写作，大多有具体要点(即论点或论据)的限定，所以并不需要如何地纵横捭阖，如何地旁征博引。但是，麻雀虽小，五脏俱全，一篇100来字的议论文，同样必须逻辑严密，结构清晰，语言洗练，必须论有中心，言而有据。下面笔者就从篇章结构，短语句型等方面来浅谈高中英语议论文的写作技巧。

一、篇章结构

（一）掌握议论文约定成俗的模式，即从“主题句一正面论述，反面论述一结论”四大块去营造文章的基本结构(四块论)。例如，学校几天前举行了“要不要穿校服”的讨论。有些同学认为穿校服看起来很整齐，不必花时间和精力去追赶时髦，而且老师很容易就认出是本校学生。而另一些同学厌倦穿校服，认为大家都穿校服显示不出个性，而且校服的质量太差，物非所值。请表达你的观点。首先，我们应该陈述主题：Wearing school uniform every day spreads as an order over many schools.Is it good or bad for students? Different people, however, have different opinions on this matter.第二段，从一方面来阐述观点：Some people say that it has a bad effect on developing students’ personal character.According to them, students are tired of wearing the same clothes everyday, which is hard to tell who’s who.Furthermore, the cost of the school uniform is not low as many people think.With the bad quality, it is not well worth the money.第三段，从另一方面来阐述观点。在作文中可以引用一些常用的谚语类句子，例如：However, as a

popular saying goes ,“Every coin has two sides”.Others argue that it is good for students.In their opinion, wearing school uniform will prevent students from wasting so much money on clothes and time on catching up with the fashion.In addition, it is easy for the teachers to recognize the students.最后一段，表达自己的观点，There is no doubt that wearing school uniform every day is good for students.In short, I firmly support the view that we should wear school uniform.这种“四块论”是最简单最直接的议论文写作方法，掌握好能帮助学生在考试中得分。

(二)抓住议论的主体。例如，写一篇关于“学校规定‘课间学生只能呆在自己的教室里'对吗?”的议论文。议论的主体是“学生课间时不能只呆在自己的教室里”。有的同学在写的时候先说“学生若课间被允许到其他班级活动，就可以交到更多的朋友”，然后又说“交到更多朋友就可以学到更多知识”，“学到更多知识就可以为社会做出更大的贡献”„„这种论述方式貌似环环相扣，承前启后，实则是中心涣散的流水账，说到最后，不仅读者会一头雾水，连作者自己都会忘了自己在说什么。

二、短语句型

在句子间使用连接词，能使文章脉络更加清晰，逻辑关系更加流畅。例如：

1．The water was polluted．As a result，the fish died．

2．However，others think we should have junk food.3．On the other hand packaging can have many disadvantages．

4．Firstly many people die of passive smoking and secondly it can aggravate lung diseases．

相关的连接词还有：On the contrary，all in all，in short，generally，worse still，on the other hand，in conclusion，as a consequence，also，personally，furthermore，definitely，surely，undoubtedly，obviously，additionally，in addition，moreover，consequently，clearly，besides，as well，likewise，in my opinion，for the sake of，last but not the least，to begin with，firstly(first)，etc．

很多时候，一些常用的句式或句子也能承上启下，使相关的信息得到巧妙的过渡和衔接。例如：

The main reason is that…

I can't agree more．

Another thing we can't forget is that…

There is every reason to believe that…

As we all know…

总之，议论文是高中英语作文的重点类型，掌握好议论文的写作对学生成绩的提高有很大帮助。以上就是我对议论文写作技巧的一点心得体会。