商务英文合同的句式特点及翻译

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第一篇:商务英文合同的句式特点及翻译

[摘要] 在合同中较多使用复合句能够将各方的权利和义务在有限的条款中完整明确地体现出来,确保合同句子结构的严谨性,以及文意的严密、细致,但也增加了合同翻译的难度。本文分析了英文合同法律文件中复杂句的特点,提出了在分析句子结构、成分的基础上,采用顺序法、逆序法及分译法翻译进行翻译的策略。

[关键词] 合同法律文件复杂句翻译

我国与世界各国双边贸易日趋频繁,使得合同翻译成为一项必不可少的工作程序。合同是当事人之间设立、变更、终止民事法律关系的协议。因此,合同翻译至关重要,其内容直接影响合同双方的利益。如何做好合同法律文件的翻译,保证中方的利益不因合同文本的翻译而招致损失越发具有现实的意义。其中,由于合同的严肃,严谨,严密性,导致复合句的应用较多,而结构复杂的复合句的翻译恰是保证整体翻译效果和准确性的关键。

一、要翻译好结构复杂的复合句,首先要了解商务英文合同的句式特点

商务合同作为一种实用文体,在词汇使用方而具有与其他文体不同的特,如用词正式规范,大量使用商务术语、法律术语及其他具有法律语言特点的正式词语。因而商务合同的翻译要求译者具有一定的专业知识。在句式结构方面,商务合同也与其他文体迥异。商务合同英语常不以易于理解为目的,大量使用复合句。究其根源,还是源于商务合同英语的文体属性。作为法律文书,商务合同规定各方当事人的权利和义务,合同文字的表达必须完整、细致、严谨、明晰。而英语的复合句,可以包含多个从句。从句之间的关系可能包容、限定,也可能并列平行,因此,在合同中较多使用复合句能够将各方的权利和义务在有限的条款中完整明确地体现出来,确保合同句子结构的严谨性,以及文意的严密、细致。但是复合句中往往包含若干从句、修饰语等等,有时会显得臃肿、晦涩,无疑会增加理解英文合同的难度,与此同时也增加了合同翻译的难度。

二、要掌握商务英文合同复合句的翻译方法

商务合同中英文复合句的出现频率高,句子结构复杂,逻辑性强,无疑给译者增添了许多困难,但是,无论多长的句子,多么复杂的结构,它们都是由一些基本的成分组成的。只要弄清了合同原文的句法结构,找出整个句子的中心内容及各层意思,然后分析各层意思之间的逻辑关系,再按汉语的特点和表达方式组织译文就可以保证合同翻译的准确性。合同复合句的分析方法具体要遵循以下步骤:首先,译者要找出全句的主语、谓语和宾语,即句子的主干结构,其次,要找出句子中所有的谓语结构、非谓语结构、介词短语和从句的引导词,然后再分析从句和短句的功能,即:是否是主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句或状语从句等,以及词、短语和从句之间的关系。最后,分析句子中是否有固定搭配,插入语等其他成分。例1:

If a Party breaches any of the representations or warranties given by it in Articles 18.1 or repeated in 18.2, then in addition to any other remedies available to the other party under this contract or underApplicableLaws,itshallindemnifyandkeep indemnified the other Party and the company against any losses,damages,costs,expenses,liabilities and claims that such Party or the Company may suffer as a result of such breach.分析:

第一步,拆分句子:

此长句可拆分为四个意义段,分别是

1)If a Party breaches …in Articles 18.1 or repeated in 18.22)then in addition to …Applicable laws

3)it shall indemnify and …costs,expenses,liabilities and claims

4)that such Party or …as a result of suchbreach.第二步,句子的结构分析:

1.句的主干结构是主语(It)+(情态动词+动词原形)(shall indemnify and keep indemnified…against)+宾语(the other Party and the Company)。

2.“if”引导的是条件从句,条件句的宾语部分跟随后置定语(given by it in Articles 18.1 or repeated in 18.2)。

3.“in addition to”引导的是增补成分,其核心词remedies也跟了后置定语(available to the otherPartyunderthiscontract orunderApplicablelaws)。

4.而“that”引导的则是后置定语修饰紧邻的五个名词。

5.固定结构“indemnify sb.Against …”使某人不受……

根据以上分析,以及汉语的行文习惯(条件在前.结果在后,以及定语在所修饰的核心词之前),以上条款可翻译为:如果一方违反任何其根据第18.1条或18.2条所做的陈述及担保或重述,则另一方除根据本合同或相关法律寻求任何可能的救济之外,违约方应当赔偿另一方或合营公司因此种违反而招致的任何损失、损害、费用、开支、责任或索赔。

在对长句进行分析的基础上,商务合同长句具体翻译方法又可细分为二种:即,顺序法、逆序法和分译法。

(1)顺序法。所谓顺序法就是按照原文的顺序组织译文。在商务合同中,当英语长句陈述的是一连串的动作并按发生的时间安排或逻辑关系排列时,此类长句与汉语的表达方式较一致,可按原文的顺序译出。

例2:

In the event that the Company's operations are reduced substantially from the scale of operation originally anticipated by the parties,or the Company experience substantial and continuing losses resulting in negative retained earnings not anticipated by the Parties in the agreed Business Plan, or in any other circumstance permitted under Applicable Laws or agreed by the Parties,the Parties may agree to reduce the registered capital of the Company on a pro rata basis.上述句子的逻辑关系非常清楚,即:三个假设条件,一个结论,表达顺序与汉语一致。因此,可按照原文的语序进行翻译。参考译文:如果合营公司的经营规模比双方原来预期的规模有大幅度缩减,或合营公司持续遭受严重亏损,导致双方商定的业务计划中所未预期的盈余保留负数,或在任何相关法律允许或双方一致同意的情况下,双方可以协议按原有出资比例减资。

(2)逆序法。所谓逆序法就是逆着原文的顺序翻译。在商务合同中,有些英语长句的表达次序与汉语习惯不同,甚至语序完全相反。因此,根据汉语的习惯,译者必须从原文句子的后面译起。由于译文句子的前后与原文句子的前后相比,有倒置现象,因此,逆序法又称为“倒置法”。

例3:

The Seller shall not be responsible for the delay of shipment or non-delivery of the goods due toForceMajeure,whichmightoccurduringtheprocess of manufacturing or in the course of loading or transit。

这里原文的行文方式是把信息的重心放在句首,先表明卖方的免责事项(The Seller shall not be responsible for the delay of shipment or non-delivery of the goods),接着再规定由于什么原因引起的不能交货或延迟交货才会免责(due to Force Majeure)。而对不可抗力又做了限定

(which might occurduringtheprocessofmanufacturingorinthecourse of loading or transit)。而按照汉民族的思维习惯往往是先谈原因再讲结论。因此翻译时译者应采用逆序的方法将原文表示免责条件的“duetoForceMajeure,whichmight…ofloadingortransit” 移到句首。再者, 英语中的非限制性定语从句(即本句中的which might occur...of loading or transit)翻译成中文时要么仍翻译成定语放在所修饰的词之前,要么处理为别的成分。根据以上分析,原文可翻译为:凡在制造或装船运输过程中,因不可抗力致使卖方不能或推迟交货时,卖方不负责任。

(3)分译法。分译法就是将原文一个句子分成几个句子来翻译,或者将其中某个较长的修饰成分单独翻译成一句或几句。这是由于在商务合同中有些句子过长,又含有多层意思,而主句和从句或主句与修饰语之间的关系又不十分紧密,如果采用一个汉语句子对原文进行翻译,容易导致句义混乱,这种情况下,译者可以把长句中的从句或短语化为句子分开来翻译。这样做也符合汉语多用短句的习惯,同时也可以使句子意思表达得更清楚明了。例4:

EitherPartymayterminate thecontract incase of failure on the part of the other Party to fulfill or perform any of its obligations hereunder and in the event that such failure remains unremediedsixty(60)days after the service of a written noticeas described in Article X below by the non-defaulting Party to the other Party specifying the failure in question andrequiring it to be remedied.原文是商务合同中有关期限和终止的条款,按照先讲结论,即合同任一方具有的权利(Either Party may terminate the contract)然后再列举实施此权利的条件(in case of failure...and in the eventthat...)的顺序行文,而汉民族的行文习惯往往是先条件后结论,所以译文在整体上应采用逆序法。但,即:违约行为60天内未改正,60天是从无责任方书面通知送达之日算起,书面通知中无责任方已指出对方违约行为并要求其改正等等。如不对内容进行分解,则可能导致句义混乱。因此,翻译此句时应采用拆译法,以期将原文意思表述清楚。参考译文:如果一方未完成或未履行其在本合同项下的任何义务,而且未按照下述第X条规定在另一方向其送达书面通知,指出其违约行为并要求其予以改正后六十(60)天内,其仍未子以改正,另一方则可以终止本合同。

商务英文合同为了在有限的条款中完整、明确地表达合同各方的权利和义务,大量使用信息包涵量大的复杂长句,给译者造成一定困难。但不管遇到何种类型的长句,译者都可在对原句进行分析的基础上,根据汉语行文习惯,采用顺序法、逆序法,以及分译法或同时采用几种方法的方式,准确翻译原文。

参考文献:

[1]张新红等:商务英语翻译(英译汉)[M].北京:高等教育出社,2003

[2]傅伟良:合同法律文件翻译谈[J].中国翻译,2002,(5)

[3]肖石枢:英汉法律术语的特点、词源及翻译[J].中国翻译,2001,(3)

[4]陈建平:经贸合同英语的语言特征及其翻译[J].中国翻译,2005,(7)

第二篇:浅析英文商务合同的句式特征及其翻译

浅析英文商务合同的句式特征及其翻译

作者:马 群时间:2009-2-18

【论文关键词】英文商务合同 句式特征 翻译

【论文摘要】商务合同是当事人之间设立、变更、终止民事法律关系的协议。英文商务合同在句式上体现出表意缜密、逻辑严谨、结构复杂的文体特征。本文基于实例分析,探讨了商务英文合同中含有情态动词的句式以及复杂句式的特点及其翻译方法。

根据《民法通则》第85条规定,合同是当事人之间设立、变更、终止民事法律关系的协议。

作为法律文书,商务合同规定各方当事人的权利和义务。商务合同一经依法订立,就成为一种法律文件而对缔约各方具有法律约束力,成为商务活动中解决争议的法律依据。合同的这一性质影响着其文字载体的风格。合同文字表达必须完整、明确、肯定,英文商务合同在句式上因而也体现出表意缜密、逻辑严谨、结构复杂的特征。具体表现为商务英文合同中大量使用含有情态动词的句式,以及大量使用复杂句式。本文以实例分析为基础,从英汉语言差异的比较出发,从以上两个角度阐述英文商务合同的句式特征及其翻译技巧。

一、含有情态动词的句式

权利义务的约定部分构成了商务合同的主体,情态动词的准确使用旨在明确约定当事人的权利(可以做什么),当事人的一般义务(应当做什么),强制性义务(必须做什么)和禁止性义务(不得做什么)。may旨在约定当事人的权利(可以做什么),shall约定当事人的义务(应当做什么),must用于强制性义务(必须做什么),may not(或shall not)用于禁止性义务(不得做什么)。与商务合同英语特别相关的情态动词主要是shall和may。

shall在商务合同英语中表述各项具体的规定和要求,表示强制性地要求承担责任或履行义务,含有“本条款具有法律规定的指令性和强制性”之意。根据Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English,shall 解释为(formal or old-fashioned)used in official documents to show a law,command,obligation or compulsion。这一用法的shall 的主语一般以第三人称居多,且此时shall 必须重读。shall这一用法的否定形式shall not表示“禁止”或“不得”。例如(1):If any change is required regarding the terms and conditions of this agreement,then both parties shall negotiate in order to find a suitable solution,provided,however,that any change of this agreement shall be subject to the approval by the government of both parties.(译文:若须对本协议的条款进行任何修改,双方须经协商妥善解决,但本协议的任何修改须经协议双方政府的批准。)

在商务合同文体中,通过may提出的要求通常不带强制性,有时为实现要求还准许附加条件;也可在一定条件下表示允许或许可。may not可表示根据特定规定或要求而“不得”或“不可以”,语气不及shall not强烈,使用也不及shall not普遍。

例如(2):The Buyers may,within 15 days after arrival of the goods at the destination,lodge a claim against the sellers for shortweight being supported by Inspection Certificate issued by a reputable public surveyor.(译文:货物抵达目的港15 天内,买方可以凭有信誉的公共检验员出示的检验证明向卖方提出短重索赔。)

二、复杂句式

与普通英语相比较,商务合同英语中的句子结构就其长度和使用从句的连续性而言要复杂得多。商务合同文体中的完整长句的使用可以准确界定合同当事人的有关权利与义务,排除被曲解、误解或出现歧义的可能性。句子的状语(从句)和定语(从句)等附加成分不仅多,而且常居于明显的位置,对主句意义进行解释、限制或补充,一则可以体现这种文体庄严的风格、严谨的结构和清晰的逻辑条理;二则可以对履行权利与义务的条件、方式、地点以及时间等进行限制,从而避免漏洞,防止今后可能发生的争端,维护双方的合法利益。

1.定语从句

在商务合同中,为了使条款明确清晰,排除被误解的可能性,经常使用大量的结构复杂的定语从句,来精确地说明一些名词。定语从句与中心词分离的现象十分普遍,一个名词带有多个并列的定语从句,或者一个定语从句修饰多个中心词(公共定语)的情况也很常见。例如(3):A reply to any offer,which purports to be an acceptance but contains additions,limitations or other modifications,is a rejection of the offer and constitutes a counteroffer.which 引导的非限制性定语从句修饰reply,可译为:对发价表示接受,但载有添加、限制、或其它更改的答复,即为拒绝该项发价并构成还价。

又如(4):The seller must deliver goods which are of the quantity,quality and descriptions required by the contract and which are contained or packed in the manner required by the con tract.句中两个which引导的定语从句是对名词goods的规定,而不是描绘与形容,句子的深层结构是“Goods must be”,如译成:“卖方必须交付……的货物”,则显得翻译腔很浓,语义也含混不清。因此可以按照句子的深层结构译成汉语的主谓结构:卖方交付的货物必须与合同所规定的数、质量和规格一致,并按照合同所规定的方式装箱或包装。

再如(5):A reply to an offer which purports to be an acceptance but contains additional or different terms which do not materially alter the terms of the offer constitutes an acceptance.句中有两个连环定语,第一个修饰offer,第二个修饰terms,前者译成前置定语,后者译成条件分句:对发价表示接受但载有添加或不同条件的答复,如所载之添加或不同的条件在实质上并不更改该项发价之条件,乃构成接受。

2.状语从句

多个状语同时修饰一个动词,或者一个状语中包含另一个状语的现象十分常见。

例如(6):Within 30 days after the signing and coming into effect of this contract,the Buyer shall proceed to pay the price for the goods to the Seller by opening an irrevocable L/C for the full amount of USD30,000 in favor of the Seller through a bank at export port.此句的主干为……the Buyer shall proceed to pay the price……to the Seller,其中含有一个时间状语within 30 days after the signing and coming into effect of this contract。从语用的角度来看,商务合同中许多时间状语表示的是某一缔约方必须在何时何地承担某一义务和享有某一种权利,即时效性。因此整个句子的重心不是句子的动词,而是发生动作的时间。在译成中文时,为了突出行为的时效性,时间状语应尽量靠近表示义务责任的关键词“须”。此句中还含有一个较为复杂的方式状语by opening an irrevocable L/ C…,其中含有三个介词短语作定语修饰an irrevocable L/ C。按照汉语的行文规范,方式状语一般应位于动词之前。因此本句可译成:买方须于本合同签字并生效后30天内通过出口地银行开立以卖方为收益人的不可撤销信用证支付全部货款计30000美元。

3.条件从句

商务合同主要约定合同各方应享有的权利和应履行的义务,但由于这种权利的行使和义务的履行均附有各种条件,所以条件句的大量使用成为商务合同的一个特点。条件句多由下列连接词引导:if,in the event of,in case(of),should,provided(that),subject to,unless otherwise

等。

例如:(7)Either side may replace the representative it has appointed provided that it submits a written notice to the other side.(任何一方都可更换自己指派的代表,但需书面通知对方。)

(8)Either Party may terminate the contract in case of failure on the part of the other Party to fulfill or perform any of its obligations hereunder and in the event that such failure remains unremedied sixty(60)days after the service of a written notice as described in Article X below by the non-defaulting Party to the other Party specifying the failure in question and requiring it to be remedied.(译文:如果一方未完成或未履行其在本合同项下的任何义务,而且未按照下述第X条规定在另一方向其送达书面通知,指出其违约行为并要求其予以改正后六十(60)天内,其仍未予以改正,另一方则可以终止本合同。)

(9)Should the Sellers fail to effect delivery on time as stipulated in this Contract owing to causes other than Force Majeure as provided for in Clause X of the Contract,the Buyers shall have the right to cancel the relative quantity of the contract.(译文:除本合同第X款规定的不可抗力的因素之外,如卖方没能及时按合同要求交货,买方有权取消相应的部分合同数额。)

(10)In case no amicable settlement can be reached between the two parties,the case in dispute shall be submitted to arbitration which shall be held in the country where the defendant resides.(译文:如双方达不成友好的协议,争议可提交仲裁。仲裁在被诉方所在国进行。)

(11)Unless otherwise agreed,delivery of the goods and payment of the price are concurrent conditions,that is to say,the seller must be ready and willing to give possession of the goods to the buyer in exchange for the price and the buyer must be ready and willing to pay the price in exchange for possession of the goods.(译文:除非另有协议,货物的交付和价款的支付应是同时履行的条件,换言之,卖方必须乐意让出占有将货物交至买方以交付价款;同时,买方须乐意支付价款以交换对货物的占有。)

综上所述,商务合同英语正是为了准确严密地规约当事人的权利、义务和责任而采用的一种文体形式,其措辞准确严密,条理清楚、结构严谨。准确理解商务合同英语的句式特征并灵活运用其翻译技巧,可以帮助广大经贸工作者准确有效的翻译和起草合同,避免不必要的纠纷与争端,从而促进我国国际贸易的交流与合作。

参考文献:

[1]车丽娟.商务英语翻译教程[M].北京:对外经济贸易大学出版社.[2]胡庚申.国际商务合同起草与翻译[M].北京:外文出版社,2001.[3]周振邦.商务英语翻译[M].青岛:青岛海洋大学出版社,1997.

第三篇:英文商务信函常用句式

As the season is rapidly approaching,```由于季节很快来临,·······

We shall be very much obliged ```原义是“我们将非常感激”。在商业信函中,意思相同的套语有好几个,目前多倾向于用We shall appreciate it very much```.There is a brisk demand for these goods.对这些的需求很旺盛

询盘与请求有用句型

1.Could you please``` This company specializes in student exchanges between Europe and China.Could you please send us a copy of your summer calendar of forthcoming cultural and educational events? 本公司专门举办中欧学生的交流活动,敬请寄送暑假文化教育活动日程表一份。

You have previously supplied us with cotton piece goods.Could you please now quote for the supply of the items listed on the enclosed form? 贵公司曾向我们提供过棉匹布,现在请提供所附表格上列举的货物的报价。

2.Will you please```

Will you please quote inclusive of transportation and insurance, and inform us the delivery time.烦请贵公司提供包括运输和保险在内的报价,并告知装运时间。

Will you please send us your completed/general/latest/current catalogue and price-list? 请寄送贵公司总的、普通的、最新的、最近的目录和价格表。

3.We will be interested in```

We will be interested in discussing terms with you.When the final decision has been made, would you please tell us what discounts you offer on bulk purchased?请告知贵公司对批量购买提供的折扣率,待我方做出最终决定后与贵方洽谈具体事宜。

We will be interested in importing American furniture and would be pleased to know the specifications or details of your display cabinets together with prices and the terms of payment.我公司愿意进口美国家具,请寄送有关鬼子的价格和付款条件的详情。

4.```we are interested in```

We have been importers of shirts for many years.At present, we are interested in extending our range and appreciate your catalogues and quotations.多年来,本公司经营衬衫进口生意,现欲扩展业务范围,盼能惠赐商品目录和报价单。

Please send us your keenest quotation for snooker tables.We are interested in purchasing them but we need to have further details of the costs before making a final decision.请寄给我们贵公司台球桌的最优报价,我们有兴趣购买,但需要进一步

了解有关价格的详细情况才能作出最后决定。

5.```interest us```

Your ad in today’s China Daily interests us, and we will be glad to receive samples with your lowest prices FOB Huston.我们对你方刊登在今天的《中国日报》上的广告很感兴趣。如能寄来样品并附上最低的休斯顿离岸价格,我们将不胜欣慰。

Your corduroy cap in assorted colors interests us very much, and we confirm the order we placed with you by telephone this morning.我方很喜欢你方的杂色灯芯绒帽子,现确认今天早晨与您电话联系的订单。

6.We intend to/ want to/would like to ```

We intend to purchase two Sony TV sets before the end of the fiscal year, and we should appreciate your offering us the best price.我们有意在本财政购买2太索尼电视机,敬请贵方报出最优价格。We would like to inform you that we will be accepting orders for the new 100A and 101A models beginning March and expect to e-mail you new prices within this week.我方从三月起接受新型100A和101A的订单,并将于本周内将新价格电邮给你方,特此告知。

7.We will appreciate it very much if```

We will appreciate it very much if you’ll send us the recent ‘US Retail Trade Report’ with regard to the major trends and changes in the US retail industry.敬请贵方寄一份有关美国零售业总趋势和主要变化的《美国零售业报告》

It will be very much appreciated if you will quote your lowest prices with quantity rebate in Deutschmarks.如能报出贵方的最低价及以马克计算的批量购买折扣,将非常感谢。

8.Please inform of```

Please inform of your best prices, C.I.F.Qingdao and send us a catalogue of your product range.请您将最低青岛到岸价格报给本公司,同时将贵方所经营产品的目录提供给我方。

Please inform of your best delivery dates and the terms of payment.We would like to pay on the usual trade terms, i.e.cash 30 days after monthly statement received.请告知我们贵公司最方便的交货期和支付方式。我们愿意用通通常的贸易条件付款,即收到银行结算单后30天付款。

9.We are in the market for```

We are in the market for household linen and shall be glad to receive your best possible quotation, indicating origin, detailed specifications, packing, and quantity available.我们正欲家用亚麻制品,如蒙贵方寄来最优惠价格,注明原产地、详

细规格、包装和可供数量等,将不胜感谢。

If you are in the market for the above mentioned products, please let us know.We shall be pleased to send you our latest catalog, together with a list of our quotations, on CIF Dalian basis.如你放需购上述产品,请告知。我方将寄送最近的目录连同大连到岸报价

10.We are prepared to ``` We are prepare to purchase substantial quantity of polyester cotton blended fabrics of the following specifications, and shall appreciate your quoting us your rock bottom prices and acceptable terms of payments.蹦公司需购大量聚酯棉混纺纤维,详细规格如下。请蒙贵公司报以最低价格和可接受的付款条件,不胜感激。We are prepared to allow you a 4 % quantity discount if your order exceeds 1,000 dozen.如你放订货超过1000打,我方将给予4 %的折扣。

2.回复函

①表达对对方来信询问的感谢

⑴ Thanks for your inquiry of ```, requesting terms for bulk buying.谢谢贵方······来函询问大量购买的条件。

⑵We are pleased to learn from your letter of``` that you are interested in our```我们很高兴从你来信中得知你对我们的······很感兴趣

⑶With reference to your inquiry of``` we shall be glad to supply``` at the price of ``` 关于贵方······的询问,我方将乐于以······的价格供应·······

⑷We have received your letter of ``` and noted with pleasure that you are interested in developing business with us in``` 贵方······的函悉,很高兴贵公司愿与我方在······方面发展业务关系。

⑸Your inquiry dated``` has obtained our best and immediate attention.贵方······的询问,得到了我方迅速密切的关注。

②提供信息

⑴ Here are``` on ```现寄上我方有关······的·······

⑵ We take pleasure in enclosing a detailed quotation for```我方很高兴附上·······的报价单

⑶ Enclosed please find our catalogue and price list.随函附上我方目录及价目表。⑷Enclosed is our latest catalogue together with a revised price list showing our best possible terms.随函附上我方最新的目录及修订的价目表,从中贵方会看到我方可以提供的最佳条件。

⑸ To acquaint you with``` we handle, we are sending you a commodity list and several sample books for your reference.为使你方熟悉我方经营的·······寄上商品目录和一些样品册,供您参考。

③结尾

⑴ Please do not hesitate to write to us if you need further information.如果您需要进一步的信息,请写信给我们。

⑵Await your favor.期待您的光顾。

⑶Many thanks for your inquiry, we look forward to receiving your order in the near future.非常感谢贵方的询价函,我方期待不就收到您的订单。

⑷ We assure you that your order, which we look forward to receiving, will have our immediate attention.我方期待收到贵公司的订单,并保证将在第一时间处理贵公司的订单。

⑸We hope you will be well pleased with the goods and that we can establish a pleasant and lasting business connection with you.我们希望您会对这些货物满意,并盼望能与你们建立起愉快而持久的业务关系。

3.投诉与索赔

①.描述问题

⑴ On examination, we found all the goods were wetted.经检验,我们发现左右的货物都已受潮

⑵We checked some of the items and found they were in damaged condition.我们检查了部分产品,发现它们已严重受损。

⑶ It contained articles different from what we have ordered.这批货物与我们订购的物品不符。

⑷The goods we ordered from you on June 6 haven’t arrived yet.我们6月6日订购的货物至今仍未到达。

⑸The quality of this lot of goods is so far below the standard that we cannot use them for our purpose.这批货物的质量远远低于标准,我们无法使用。

⑹We are disappointed to find that the items delivered don’t match the samples.我们遗憾地发现所运货物与样品不符。

⑺Your incorrect delivery has caused a great deal of trouble to us.你们的错误给我们带来了巨大的麻烦

⑻Delivery of the goods ordered on March 3 is now considerably overdue.3月3日订购的货物的交付时间现已逾期甚久

⑼The goods are not up to the standard.货物没有到达标准。

⑽We regret that only 20 sets have been received to date whereas our order indicates

25.我方非常抱歉地通知您,迄今为止我们只收到了20台货物,而我们订购的是25台

②指出具体的行动来解决问题

⑴Would you please send someone to repair it today?您能今天就派人来修理吗? ⑵Please send us the replacement no later than June 20.请于6月20日之前将替换品送来

⑶We would like someone to come and fix it now.我们希望现在有人来进行修理 ⑷Please look into this matter at once and let us know the reasons for the delay.请立即对此事进行调查,尽早通知我们延迟的原因。

⑸We hope that the goods will be sent immediately.希望货物即刻发运

③要求行动

⑴We shall be glad to learn from you that you are preparing to make some allowance for the damage.希望贵方能对我方造成的损失作出补偿

⑵We would be much pleased that the case be settled on an amicable basis.诚望此事有好解决

⑶In view of our friendly business relations, we are sure that the matter will be settled appropriately.鉴于我们之间友好的业务关系,我方相信此事定会得到妥善解决。⑷We are looking forward to a satisfactory conclusion of the matter.我方期待此事有一个令人满意的结局。

⑸Your quick dispatch will be most appreciated.请尽快发运,我方不胜感激 ④强烈要求行动

⑴If you cannot deliver the goods within ten days, we’ll reluctantly turn this matter to our attorney.如果在10日内不能送达货物,我们不得不付诸法律。

⑵Unless your assignment reaches us no later than```, we will cancel our order.除非你们的货物在······前到达,我们将取消订单。

⑶If you cannot provide qualified goods within 3 days, we ’ll ask for a refundment.如果在3日内不能提供合格产品,我们将要求退还货款。

⑷You’ll have to make compensation for all our costs.你们要赔偿我们的全部损失 ⑸I hereby inform you that I am lodging a formal complaint with your company.特此通知贵方,我公司将正式投诉贵公司。

4.理赔与拒绝函

①开头

接受索赔:

⑴···should reach you in three days```

⑵The attached check for``` is Newton’s way of assuring you that your satisfaction is very important to us.⑶By```(time), your three Dove Bicycles should reach you at ```shop.拒绝索赔:

⑴We understand your concern about the ```As always, we are willing to do as much as we reasonably can to make things right.⑵You were right in assuming that ```We are always interested in doing whatever we can to make our sales satisfactory.⑶Your order and request are sincerely appreciated.We are always grateful for the opportunity of serving you in the best way we can.②间接拒绝索赔

⑴The best we can do is```

⑵```permit us to serve you only as a cash customer

⑶We feel at this time you will be acting in your own interest by```

⑷We must consider the sale final.⑸In view of this explanation, you will understand why we must sand by our guarantee policy in this case.③结束

第四篇:商务合同缩略词的特点及翻译技巧

商务合同缩略词的特点及翻译技巧

摘要:近几年,伴随中外商贸的发展,针对商务合同翻译技巧的研讨颇多。其中,缩略词作为商务合同的重要组成部分,其翻译的科学得体与否直接影响着整个商务合同的翻译质量的高低。本文基于商务合同缩略词的特点探究其翻译技巧。

关键词: 商务合同

缩略词

翻译技巧

引言

商务英语作为应用英语发展的重要分支,在国际经济发展不断繁荣的当下,其发展的空间和前景也在日趋广阔与明朗。在商务英语的翻译中,包括商务合同在内的公文翻译在整个翻译中所占的比重和价值在不断提升。如何更好地做好商务合同的翻译已经成为当前翻译领域中研究的一个主要内容。笔者在借鉴相关理论研究的基础上,对商务合同中缩略词的翻译技巧进行分析,希望能助力整个商务英语翻译理论研究的深入。

一、商务合同中缩略词的内涵及特点

在探究商务合同中缩略词翻译技巧的进程之中,一个首要研究的问题和方向就是缩略词的内涵及特点。

(一)缩略词的内涵

如今,在学术界中,关于缩略词的界定尚未构成一个较为同一的说法。依照辞书中的描述性的诠释,缩略词是经由一些常见的字母而降低某些其中较为冗杂的单词或短语而产生的。例如:在商务合同中,FOB、W.A、D/A、D/P等都是较为常见的缩略词。在不断的发展中,缩略词在数量和涵盖的范围等方面呈现出不断向上发展的趋势。在这种快速发展的趋势下,商务合同中缩略词的翻译成了学术界中的一个重要的研究点。

(二)缩略词的特点

在商务英语中,缩略词的利用与在其他表达情况中的利用并无较大的区别。但是由于商务合同在很大层面上是一个法律层面的概念,因此,缩略词在这一领域的应用中具体呈现出以下几个特点:

首先,缩略词的普适性。在语言交流中,交流双方只有就语言符号本身所要表达的内涵进行统一的界定,其所具有的沟通价值才有效。在这种语言交流的诉求下,缩略词在商务合同中所承载的内容应该具有内在的一致性,或者说是内涵表达的一致性。

其次,缩略词的灵活性。缩略词的灵活性是其不断成长与发展的结果,显现在两个层面:一方面,缩略词在数量和内涵上不断丰富,这是为了满足商业社会不断发展的诉求,另一方面,缩略词在构词的进程当中,目前比较常见的是首字母的提取法。但是,随着语言使用密度的不断加大,很容易出现同一个缩略词表达不同的内容的情况。尤其是对表达的严谨与持重水平标准比较高的贸易条约的翻译和订定中。

最后,缩略词的严谨性。在商务条约中,任何条约文书中呈现的内容都将从法律层面上具备必然的尺度与条件。在商业合同中缩略词的使用与翻译时,也应该按照科学与严谨性的准则进行相关翻译。在我国改革开放的初期,一些具有一定发展意义的国际项目在具体的合同条款中,由于一些关键的词组翻译的忽略而造成了很大的经济损失。

总之,在商务合同相应的缩略词的翻译进程中,翻译工作者应该在考虑缩略词自身的普适性与灵活性的同时,进一步从严谨的角度进行考虑。这不仅是缩略词在商务合同中所体现出来的特点,在很大程度上也是进行商务合同中缩略词翻译的重要的出发点。

二、商务合同缩略词的翻译技巧

在商务合同的翻译过程中,除了传统的准确、通顺及雅致等方面的基本要求之外,商务合同中的缩略词的翻译应该从其自身的特点出发进行准确的翻译。笔者在参考相关的理论研究成果的基础上,从以下几点对其翻译方法进行探讨:

(一)还原法

缩略词在商务合同中的使用的出发点是为了从语言的表达中实现更大程度的节省。比如,在时候及各类相干表达质料上。但是,从商业合同的意义上来进行分析,其功能意义远远大于其所有使用的表达方式。在这种还原的翻译法的使用中,可以避免合同中重要数据及信息在语言传递与表述中的失真。这一点在商务英语的翻译中显得尤为重要。由于一个已背离了最初表达思想与意义的翻译,即使其在说话的斟酌中表现出了再高的程度,其所具备的代价和意义已大打折扣。所以,通过这种还原法的翻译技巧,可以最大限度地维持信息传递的真实度。在进行还原的进程中,同时需要牢记的是,不要从译者的主观思路进行考量,所要的缩略词的使用和翻译应该基于其本原的含义。这一点要借助专业的辞书及手册,保证其翻译的真实性。通过这种还原法进行翻译,可以使商务合同的阅读者更好地知晓合同的内容,从而避免因为缩略词的指代关系的不明确而导致句子含义表达的不通畅。

(二)替代法

商务合同的翻译,尤其是在涉及相关的文化产品的进出口贸易的翻译时,一些缩略词在选择与使用的进程中,缺乏对目标语言及相关认知心理的把握与权衡。因此,在此类缩略词的翻译时,要在保证其缩略词的根基表达内在不走样的前提下,经由过程替代的体例进行更加得体的表达。这种表达是处于交流的需要。从这个思路来分析,无论是商务合同中缩略词的翻译,还是日常英语的翻译,语言之间由于存在着客观的差距,将直接影响着语言表达者的需求。因此,在没有一一对应的缩略词的翻译时,要从表达文化的现实诉求出发,将说话的内在来源根基,进行有用的替代与对接。这种对接也是缩略词商务合同发展中的一个非常重要的出发点。不夸大的是,这类表达的意义的替换是一个比较大的工程,其所必要的不是某一个,或者是某一类缩略词的替换,因此,从商务翻译的久远角度进行斟酌,进行体系与完整的清算与归纳是将来这类替换翻译技能实行的一个首要的标的。

例如,在相关的商务合同的翻译中,难免涉及一些国际性质的组织。因为中西方在翻译的基础上存在着必然的倾向性,所以,将这种语言层面的倾向性进行很好的规避的一个非常重要的方式就是进行替代法的翻译。通过这种替代翻译的方法,就可以达到很好的理解效果,继而促进商务谈判活动的进行。

(三)格式翻译法

第五篇:商务合同翻译

1)为了便于甲方及时开展工作,乙方应于2009年12月31日前将第一批寄售货物运到甲方处。在2010年3月十五日左右,甲、乙双方应就剩下的寄售期限可能销量达成共识。

In order to facilitate Party A’s work of starting the consignment sales on time, Party B should ship the first lot of consignment goods to Party A before Dec.31, 2009.On or about March 15, 2010, Party A and Party B shall meet to mutually determine on acceptable sales level for the remainder of the consignment period.2)在寄售合同到期后的一个月内,甲方将按合同单价把已售出的货物以美元形式全额汇给乙方。如果有销售额总额超过15万美元的情况,甲方应在一月内将销售款以美元形式汇给乙方。

Within one month after expiration of the consignment period, Party A shall remit Party B the total sum in U.S Dollars based on the contracted unit price for those items which have been sold.If at any time the total value of goods sold exceeds the amount of U.S.Dollars 150000, Party A shall remit the total sum in U.S.Dollars to Party B within one month’s period of time.3)装配所需的主要零件、消耗品及部件由甲方运至广州。如有零部件短少或破损,甲方应负责补充替换。

甲方应于成品交运1个月前开出不可撤销的信用证以支付全部装配费和乙方在广州购买零件、消耗品和部件的费用。

The main parts, consumption articles and components required for assembling will be sent in time to Guangzhou by Party A and if there is any shortage of , or damage to these parts and components , Party A shall be responsible for supplying replacements.Party A shall pay Party B by opening an irrevocable L/C covering the full amount of assembling charges and costs of parts , consumption articles and components purchased in Guangzhou by Party B , one month before the shipment of the finished products concerned.4)一切与本合同有关的进出口手续,均由乙方办理。

乙方将所装配的晶体管收音机运交甲方指定的外国买主。有关运费和保险费由甲方负担。All import and export procedures in connection with this contract shall be taken care of by Party

B.All transistor radios assembled by Party B will be shipped to foreign buyers designated by Party A.The relevant freight and insurance premium shall be borne by Party A.5)晶体管收音机的商标由甲方供给,如有法律纠纷,甲方应负完全责任。

如因装配需要,由乙方在广州购买的零部件必须达到品质标准,并应事先经过甲方核准。The trade marks of transistor radios will be supplied by Party A and should there be any illegal involvement, Party A is to be held fully responsible.All parts and components purchased by Party B in Guangzhou, if necessary for assembling transistor radios, must measure up to the quality standards of, and be approved by Party A beforehand.6)本合同自受聘方到校之日起生效,到聘期届满时失效。如一方要求延长聘期,必须在合同期满前一个月用书面向对方提出,经双方协商同意后另签延聘合同。

This Contract comes into effect on the first day of the engaged party’s arrival at the AA University and ceases to be effective at its expiration.If either party wishes to renew the Contract, the other

party shall be notified in writing one month before it expires.Upon agreement by both parties through consultation, a new contract may be signed between two parties.7)公司为一有限责任公司及在中华人民共和国法律下的法人,公司的所有活动应遵守中华人民共和国颁布的法律、法令及条例,公司的所有合法权益及利益受中华人民共和国的法律管辖及保护。

The Company is a limited liability company and a legal person under the laws of the People’s Republic of China.All the activities of the Company shall comply with the laws, decrees and regulations promulgated by the People’s Republic of China.All the lawful rights and interests of the Company are subject to the jurisdiction and protection of the laws of the People’s Republic of China.8)合营的一方如不履行本合同或公司章程的义务,违约一方得赔偿另一方因此而遭受的经济损失。

在合营期限内,双方都无权单方面宣布撤销或终止本合同。

If either of the Parties fails to fulfil its obligations under this Contract , it shall compensate the other party for all its economic losses resulting therefrom.During the term of operation of the Company, neither Party has the right to announce unilaterally the cancellation or termination of this Contract.9)公司注册资本为9000万美元。由中方在签约后30天内提供土地使用权。外方在2001年3月1日以前提供办公楼、厂房、必须的设备、设备、机器、工具、仪器、工业产权、非专利技术、生产资金、流动资金等。

The registered capital of the Company is USD 90 million.The Chinese Corp provides the right to use land within 30 days after signing the Agreement.The Foreign Co.provides the office building, factory premises, necessary facilities, equipment, machines, tools, instruments, industrial property rights, non-patent technology, production funds, operating funds, etc.before March 1, 2001.10)如因不可抗力事件使公司无法继续营业时,本协议可通过双方协商予以提前终止。如果中方或外方想要把本协议规定的权利和义务进行全部或部分转让,另一方有优先购买权。转让必须得到审批机关的批准。

In case of Force majeure, which makes it impossible for the Company to continue its business, this Agreement may be terminated ahead of schedule through consultation between the two parties.If the Chinese or foreign party wishes to make an assignment of all or part of its rights and obligations prescribed in this Agreement, the other party shall have the preemptive right to purchase the same.The assignment must obtain the approval of the examination and approval authority.11)如果在保证期内发现运交的设备有缺陷,投资人必须按中方的要求,及时适当解决

In case defect of the delivered equipment is found within the warranty period.INVESTOR shall take appropriate action for settlement without delay ,upon SINO`s request

12)在上述情况下,该缺点经鉴定是由于中方操作经验不足,搬运不当或某一物品的消耗所致,则投资人应要求中方支付实际运输费用

In the above instance investor shall request SINO for payment of the actual costs of transportation ,when such defect is judged to be due to inexperienced operation by sino or due to inappropriate handling ,or due to an article of consumption

13)在投资人派遣工程师的任务完成以后,中方如有必要仍可要求投资人继续给以技术支持,但投资人应要求中方为这种增加的合作支付费用,合作的条款由双方将来讨论约定。

Sino shall be able to request for continued technical support from investor , if necessary, even after completion of the above despatchofinvestor`sengineers.however ,in this instance.investor shall be able to request sino for the cost of such additional technological cooperation.terms and conditions shall be subject to mutual discussion and agreement between sino and investor ,in future

14)乙方确认由其所生产的许可证产品必须严格按照甲方所提供的设计,图纸及规格生产,除依第C条第一款规定的修改内容以外,在任何情况下许可证产品均具备与 所生产的产品相同的质量与运动性能。如果乙方未严格依照甲方的设计,图纸及规格生产,则甲方对于乙方的许可证产品不承担任何担保责任。

15)GTT是中方和投资人之间的桥梁GTT应协助中方用展销会,研讨会,技术培训等办法在中国销售产品GTT应在产品品质合格时考虑把这些产品销往欧洲和非洲

1)GTT shall act as a bridge between SINO and INVESTOR

2)GTT shall assist SINO in marketing in china of products finished by SINO by means fo trade show ,seminar ,technical traning program ,ect

3)GTT shall consider marketing finished products to Europe and Africa when the quality turns out to be satisfactory

16)如果初次检验不合格应进行第二次检验,如果第二次检验仍不合格,则投资人赢在2个月内自费调换有关设备如果检验合格,双方应签署检验证明书一式二份,双方各执一份

1)In case initial test is unsatisfactory ,a second test shall be carried out.if the second test is again unsatisfactory ,INVESTOR shall replace the equipment involved atits own cost ,within two months after the second text

2)in case text results are satisfactory ,SINO and INVESTOR shall sign a text certificate in duplicate and each party shall keep one copy

17)本合同的订立,效力,解释,执行及由其引起争议的解决均适用中华人民共和国颁布的法律,法令,和条例规定

The making ,validity ,interpretation and implementation of this contract and the settlement of disputes arising thereform shall shall be governed by laws ,decrees and regulations promulgated by the people`s republic of china

18)受聘方的工作时间每周5天,每天7小时,受聘方按照中国,澳大利亚两国政府规定的节假日放假,寒假按本校校历规定。

The engaged party works five days a week and seven hours a day ,the engaged party have legal holidays as prescribed by both Chinese and Australian governmentthe winter vacation is fixed by the school calenderf

19)聘方每月支付给受聘方工资2000澳元,并按照澳大利亚政府对在澳工作的外籍教师的规定提供各种福利待遇

The engaginfg party pays the engaged party a monthly salary of 2000 australian dollars and provides him with various benefits as prescribed by Australian government for foreign teachers working in Australia

20)受聘方在入境,离境,或过境时,必须遵守澳大利亚政府有关外国人居住,工资福利以及旅行等的法律,规章,并遵守聘方的工作制度。

The engaged party shall abide by the laws and regulations of the Australian government concerning residence ,wages and benefits ,and travel for foreigners when entering ,leaving and passing through the territory of the country ,and shall follow the working system of the engaging party

21)双方均不得无故撤销合同如果聘方要求中途终止合同,除按上述条款承担工资福利待遇外,需给受聘方增发3个月的工资作为补偿金,并于1个月内安排受聘方及其家属回国并承担有关费用

若受聘方中途提出辞职,聘方自同意之日起即停发工资,受聘方不再享受各项福利待遇,受聘方及其家属回国的一切费用均由本人自理

Neither party shall cancel the contract without reasonable causes ,if the engaging party finds it

22)乙方在签约后15天内,为加工设备开出以甲方为受益人的银行承兑信用证,其金额不得少于2220万日元,见票180天付款。这份信用证,只有在乙方收到甲方为芦笋罐头对开的信用证后才能生效,甲方在收到这份信用证后,应及时装运加工设备,提供本协议第七条所需的单证和180天到期的汇票,以便取得他的银行承兑。

Party b shall within 15 days after signing this agreement establish in favour of party a an banker`s acceptance l/c in payment for the equipment ,for an account not less than J 22200000,available by draft at 180 days sight ,the l/c will be effective only after receipt by party b of a satisfactory reciprocal l/c opened by party a for payment of canned asparagns ,after receipt of the l/c ,party a shall effect shipment of the equipment of the equipment in time ,provide the required documents according to article 7 of this agreement together with the draft at 180 days sight ,and obtain its bank`s acceptance

23)乙方将向甲方提供上述货物在香港和日本市场的市级零售价以供甲方参考,乙方无权干涉甲方的销售价,销售场所,和销售办法,但有权提出积极地建议,甲方有责任向乙方提交销售报告(包括零售价)销售过程中出现的问题和为提高销售额而提出的建议,乙方应向甲方提供各种有利于销售(包括免费样品,试销货物,化妆品促销资料,技术交流和有贮存条件等)便利。

Party b will submit to party a the actual retail prices of aforesaid articles in hongkong and Japanese markets for party a`s reference.Party b has no right to interfere with a`s selling

price ,spot and method ,but it has the right to make positive proposals , partya is responsibleto submit party b regular reports on selling situation(covering retail price), problems arising in the course of selling and making proposals to improve sales ,party b should provide party a with various arrangements which are conductive to sales(including samples free of charge ,articles for trial sales ,data for promoting cosmetic sales ,technical exchange and conditions for storage etc.

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