《远大前程》中皮普的人物性格分析

第一篇：《远大前程》中皮普的人物性格分析

摘要:本文深入细致的分析了狄更斯《远大前程》一文中的主要人物皮普的生活经历与心路历程,揭示了英国维多利亚时代人与人之间赤裸裸的金钱关系,展现了生活在那个时代的底层民众的生存状态。

关键词:狄更斯远大前程皮普人物性格

《远大前程》是查尔斯·狄更斯艺术生涯后期最具代表性的长篇小说。小说描述了一个名为皮普的孤儿的生活经历和心路发展历程,艺术的揭示了这位孤儿从对幸福生活的期望到幻想破灭的整个过程。在这本书中“,远大前程”是一句反话,并不是真的指孤儿皮普有什么远大的前程,而恰恰是指的一种“幻灭”,一种幻想的幻灭。但如果读者只是把本书理解成一本描写孤儿幻想破灭的书,那就误解也低估了作者的本意,作者是要在对孤儿皮普的描述中展现19世纪英国维多利亚时代的社会生活,揭露了资产阶级金钱世界的种种罪恶。主人公皮普自幼就失去了父母,作者在小说的开始以第一人称的口吻这样叙述着主人公的身世“:我说皮利普是我父亲的姓,那是有根据的,因为我父亲的墓碑上刻着他的姓,而且我姐姐也这么说。我姐姐嫁给了铁匠乔·葛奇里,现在是葛奇里夫人了。至于我,从来没有见到过父亲和母亲,也没有看到过他们两位的照片。”从这里我们可以了解到,这样一个自幼由嫁给铁匠的姐姐抚养长大的孤儿,在那个时代是不可能获得什么太好的教育的。教育的缺失和家境的情况使得幼年的皮普把姐夫当做理想的奋斗目标。而事实上,在这个由姐姐掌握大权的家里,姐夫也是唯一可以“以诚相待,推心置腹”的人。而“一手”抚养他长大的姐姐呢“,我的姐姐乔·葛奇里夫人比我要年长二十多岁。她一直说我是由她一手带大的,因此在左邻右舍享有很大名气,倍受夸奖。从小我就想了解这里的“一手”究竟是什么含义。我所知道的她的手,是结实笨重而又冷酷严厉的,因为她特别喜欢把她的巴掌打在她丈夫的身上,当然也喜欢打在我的身上。我想乔·葛奇里和我就是这样由她一手带大的吧。”读者可以在字里行间读出作者的良苦用心,但即使在这样充满了暴力的家庭里长大,皮普依然保持着天真、质朴的性格,文中作者还特意用一段对吃面包的描述来展示皮普的天真可爱“:在吃晚餐时,我们有个习惯,要比较一下吃面包的速度,不时地悄悄拿起所啃的面包比一下,并且相互会心地表示赞美。这样,我们啃面包就越啃越有劲。”幼年的皮普也是善良的,这一点即使是在面对逃犯时也未曾改变,也正是这种善良为他日后的命运埋下了伏笔。哈维莎姆小姐的出现,彻底改

变了皮普一生的命运。在这里我们要注意一点,那就是作者查尔斯·狄更斯的哲学思想之一是环境对人思想的影响。狄更斯认为,不同的环境可以造就成不同的人。当然,我们知道,内因才是决定一个人发展的关键因素。皮普如果不是一个天真、质朴的少年,而是一个成熟、倔强的少年,也许这个故事就不会是这样一个结局了。对一个一心想要“报复男人”的哈维莎姆小姐来说,皮普是一个绝佳的工具和发泄对象。让年轻漂亮的养女埃斯特拉去主动接近皮普,却又不断的嘲笑皮普,哈维莎姆的计划是成功的。年轻的皮普就像一个提线木偶,被哈维莎姆小姐和命运玩弄于股掌之间。对爱斯特拉的倾慕使皮普开始厌恶自己“那双粗糙的手和那双笨头笨脑的皮靴”,用皮普自己的话说就是“我现在对这些东西很是瞧不起了,这些东西过去没有烦恼过我,现在却使我烦恼了。它们确是些粗俗不堪的东西。”也开始埋怨起一直“以诚相待,推心置腹”的“伙计”“我决定回家去问问乔,为什么他总是告诉我那些牌叫做贾克,而实际上应该是奈夫。我想,如果当年乔的教养高一些,我也不至于落到这地步。”应该说,作为一个孩子,在虚荣面前有些抱怨还是可以理解的,毕竟这也符合人性。于此同时,从这里开始我们也以看到,狄更斯在《远大前程》中对人物心理的描写比之以往更加细腻、真实,对人物内心世界的探索更加坚决、彻底。与其前期的人物形象相比,皮普的形象更加丰富逼真,这是作者摆脱了人物单一性和确定性的一种表现。也使得皮普这个人物更接近现实,更能反映当时的社会情形。在皮普的身上,我们看不到狄更斯早期作品中那种脸谱化的描写,看不到作者直接定义的人物性格,而是一个有其自身言行举止,内心活动的崭新的形象。对皮普的是非要由读者自己来判断、评价。皮普是真实的,也就是从这一刻开始,那种对虚荣的爱慕情结开始萌动,那种摆脱现状的想法开始不可遏制的出现,并很快的开始实施“一两天后的一个早晨,我醒来时突然想到一个非常好的主意。我要使自己走向不平凡,最为上策的办法是去找毕蒂,学会她所知道的一切东西为自己所用。”从这一刻开始,皮普开始了他的奋斗历程。从这一刻开始

第二篇：(英语毕业论文)《远大前程》中皮普的性格分析

英语专业全英原创毕业论文，是近期写作，公布的题目可以用于免费参考（贡献者ID 有提示）

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154 奈达功能对等理论指导下英汉广告修辞的翻译策略探究 155 艾米丽的心理性格分析 156 论被动句的翻译

157 Text Cohesion in English Business Contracts 158 从生态批评论梭罗《瓦尔登湖》中对工业化的思考 159 简与林黛玉性格及命运对比 160 凝视与对抗：《屋顶丽人》中的两性战争 161 命案现场——阿加莎死亡观简析 162 动物习语在英汉文化中的异同分析 163 傅东华译《飘》归化现象浅析

164 从“爱的习惯”看多丽丝.莱辛笔下的两性关系

165 从精神分析学角度探究《呼啸山庄》中的希斯克里夫 166 论《太阳照常升起》中的象征主义 167 功能对等理论指导下的外贸函电翻译 168 浅析《小妇人》中马奇太太的教育方式 169 从《红字》看霍桑的政治观

170 非英语专业大学生听力课堂焦虑的影响及解决策略 171 从奥运菜单看中式菜肴英译名规范化程度

172 A Contrastive Analysis of Chinese and American Nonverbal Privacy 173 中美礼貌语中的“面子文化” 英语专业全英原创毕业论文，是近期写作，公布的题目可以用于免费参考（贡献者ID 有提示）

174 弗吉尼亚伍尔夫《墙上的斑点》的叙事技巧分析 175 《最蓝的眼睛》和《宠儿》中黑人女性的悲剧根源

176 庄子和梭罗自然观比较——以《庄子》与《瓦尔登湖》为例 177 通过对比研究看电影《小红帽》对经典童话小红帽的颠覆 178 从文化视角看中西方的礼节差异 179 英汉爱情隐喻比较研究

180 《喧哗与骚动》中没落的悲剧 181 论莎士比亚十四行诗的特征

182 论教师的非语言行为在课堂教学中的作用 183 论中英文习语翻译的处理技巧及文化差异 184 《围城》英译本中文化负载词的翻译研究 185 论苔丝悲剧的成因

186 从词汇对等角度看《红楼梦》中“笑”一词的英译 187 A Comparative Study of Jane Austen and Emily Dickinson 188 从翻译目的论角度分析商务广告翻译 189 第二次世界大战中的温斯顿丘吉尔 190 如何激发初中生学习英语的兴趣

191 从《肖申克的救赎》看美国的个人英雄主义 192 化妆品说明书特征及其汉译技巧 193 威廉福克纳作品中的悲剧美学思想

194 《哈克贝里·费恩历险记》中哈克和吉姆的人物形象分析

195 The Blacks’ Soul Under the Impact of the White Culture in The Bluest Eye 196 A Reflection upon American Heroism Based on Reviews of Hollywood Movies 197 美国动画片名的翻译 198 A Study of Neo-Classicism 199 英语中的女性歧视

200 血性意识—D.H.劳伦斯的自然主义爱情观

第三篇：浅析《远大前程》中皮普的个人抱负与自我完善

英语专业全英原创毕业论文，是近期写作，公布的题目可以用于免费参考

最新英语专业全英原创毕业论文，都是近期写作 浅析《远大前程》中主人公皮普性格发展的形成因素 2 礼仪在商务谈判中的应用 A Study on the Cross-Cultural Management in the Sino-American Joint-Venture Enterprises－－With Special Reference to Changan & Ford Motor Company 4 An Analysis of American and Chinese Culture in Kung Fu Panda 5 文化与幽默欣赏 文化差异对中美商务谈判的影响 7 农村学生英语学习情感障碍分析 8 跨文化交际中的肢体语言差异 《当幸福来敲门》之美国文化价值观分析 10 英语中称谓语的性别歧视现象 Cultural Input and Syllabus in English Teaching 12 Strategies of Trademark Translation from Cross-cultural Perspective 13 《简爱》中的人文主义思想述评 14 《等待野蛮人》中的寓言式写作手法 勃莱特.阿什利－－《太阳照常升起》中的新女性 16 英语中的性别歧视 论《宠儿》中社区与逃离的关系 弗吉尼亚•伍尔夫《达洛卫夫人》的生态女性主义解读 19 《永别了武器》中战争对人类所造成的毁灭 20 课堂英语教学与网络英语教学的对比 21 《苔丝》中的女性与自然 教师身势语在英语口语教学中的应用 An Analysis of Hemingway’s Attitude towards War in For Whom the Bell Tolls 24 浅谈大学英语教育的文化融入 论汉语成语中数字英译的语用等效性 《恋爱中的女人》欧秀拉和古迪兰的性格对其爱情观的影响 27 论《双城记》中卡登形象的塑造及其意义 28 英汉习语渊源对比及其常用分析方法 29 论英语称谓语中的性别歧视现象 The Study of English Film Title Translation Methods and Some Requirements to the Translators 31 从《嘉莉妹妹》看本性与理性的斗争

农村初中英语口语教学现状的调查与分析——以xx中学为例

路易斯——现实世界在非现实世界的投影——解读《夜访吸血鬼》的现代性 34 英汉语中恐惧隐喻的认知分析 35 《老人与海》中的和谐关系

The Inconsistencies between Margaret Mitchell’s Gone with the Wind and Alexandra Ripley’s Scarlett

探究希腊神话对英国戏剧及诗歌的影响

《弗朗西斯麦康伯短促的幸福生活》中麦康伯个性转变之分析 39 从功能对等理论角度看校训的汉英翻译原则 英语专业全英原创毕业论文，是近期写作，公布的题目可以用于免费参考

中英报刊新闻标题语言特色探讨 《紫色》中“家”的解读

The Application of Task-based Approach to Improving Speaking Ability in Middle School 浅析文化语境对翻译的影响

礼貌原则在英汉语言文化差异中的应用 英汉语言中的性别歧视现象

由中国的圣诞节“热”来看中美文化的冲突及融合 《秀拉》的女性主义解读

英语教学中合作学习策略的初步研究 论《睡谷传奇》中的幽默元素

《魔术与童年》翻译中英汉词汇衔接对比研究 文化适应性原则在食品商标翻译中的应用 高中英语新课标在xx中实施情况调查与分析 小说《飘》中斯嘉丽的人物性格分析

《荆棘鸟》中的三位女性形象——追寻荆棘的女人

试比较《汤姆索亚历险记》与《哈克贝利芬历险记》中主人公性格异同点 《德拉库拉》中病态感情和正常感情的对比和碰撞

农村初中学生英语学习策略应用情况的调查分析——以xx初中为例 《傲慢与偏见》中的女性意识分析 解析《紫色》中妇女意识的形成

An Analysis of the Tragic Fate of Mary Turner in The Grass Is Singing 悲剧英雄—赫尔曼梅尔维尔笔下的比利巴德形象分析 顺应论视角下的电影片名翻译

从功能对等角度看信用证英语的翻译 功能对等理论视角下的英文歌曲汉译探究 探讨《根》中黑人与美国人的根

增译法在《水晶宫》英译汉翻译中的应用 冰山原则在《老人与海》中的体现

从保罗的恋母情结角度分析劳伦斯的《儿子与情人》 论英语课堂教学中的非语言交际 论《女巫》中的成人形象

《圣诞欢歌》中斯克罗吉的性格分析

从传播美学分析国内畅销知名化妆品广告中的译文

简奥斯汀眼中的理想男人——试析《傲慢与偏见》的男主人翁 中西方常用标语分析

从关联理论看中国电影名称的翻译 汉英翻译中的中式英语的成因及对策

英语演讲语篇中的parallelism及其汉译策略—以奥巴马就职演说稿为例 不同国家的商务谈判风格及其对策

An Analysis of Sexism in English Advertisements 浅析《他们眼望上苍》中女性意识的觉醒

从中国传统民居乔家大院和西方哥特式教堂看中西文化差异(英语系经贸英语)论苹果公司的撇脂定价策略 英语专业全英原创毕业论文，是近期写作，公布的题目可以用于免费参考

论流行网络词汇的汉英翻译

浅析《德伯家的苔丝》中两位男主人公

从汉英动物词汇的文化内涵看中西方文化差异 87 从宴客角度探究中西方文化理念的差异 88 商务英语新词构词研究

浅析文化差异对国际贸易的影响

从语境视角浅析《生活大爆炸》中反语的幽默属性 91 红字中的象征意义

An Analysis of Gender in Oh,Pioneers!93 论女性主义对翻译标准的影响 94 论概念隐喻视角下的隐喻翻译

浅析奥斯卡•王尔德童话作品中的唯美主义思想

A Study of Angel Clare’s Multiple Personalities in Tess of the D’Urbervilles 97 《雾都孤儿》中的反犹主义

从奥运菜单看中式菜肴英译名规范化程度

The Lost Generation—“Nada” in Hemingway’s “A Clean, Well-Lighted Place” 100 春节与圣诞节的对比研究

美国电影中的大众文化价值观研究 102 从接受美学视角看中式菜肴的英译

格赖斯会话合作原则与莎士比亚喜剧中的幽默解读 104 论中学英语教学中学生文化意识的培养 105 中英语言中动物词汇的文化含义对比

The Loneliness in Far From the Madding Crowd 107 从译者主体性视角探析《红楼梦》中概念隐喻的翻译策略 108 词汇负迁移对汉译英的影响 109 肢体语言在英语教学中的应用 110 中西方礼仪文化差异比较

概念隐喻在英语汽车广告中的应用 112 《傲慢与偏见》中的三层反讽

Verification of Soft Term in Letter of Credit 114 浅析英语广播新闻的语言特色

Cultural Elements in Chinese Film Subtitles and Their Translation Strategies 116 试论班扬《天路历程》中基督徒的精神历程 117 旅游英语翻译的研究

试论用英语电影进行英语文化教学 119 母语负迁移对中学英语写作的影响 120 论翻译美学视角下的公示语翻译

从翻译审美分析食品品牌名称翻译的原则及策略 122 从中西思维差异角度看汉英翻译中的中式英语现象

A Study on the Effectiveness of Cooperative Learning in Junior High School 124 从女性主义视角分析《飘》中斯佳丽人物形象 125 组织学习障碍及相应的对策 126 商务信函的写作原则与技巧

中英婚礼习俗中的红和白颜色文化的研究 英语专业全英原创毕业论文，是近期写作，公布的题目可以用于免费参考

论中美文化差异对其商务谈判的影响及策略 129 从童话看中西方儿童教育的差异

《推销员之死》中主角威利的性格分析 131 浅析威廉福克纳的《喧哗与骚动》 132 英汉恭维语及其应答的对比分析 133 文化意识与外语教学

托妮•莫里森《宠儿》中的主角赛丝的女性形象研究 135 浅谈商务英语于商务信函中的运用 136 论希斯克利夫出走的必然性

The Linguistic Features of American Inaugural Address 138 论爱伦坡小说中的哥特式风格 139 英汉基本颜色词对比研究

论建构主义理论下初中英语教师的课堂角色定位

英语流行歌曲中隐喻的功能分析——以后街男孩的歌曲为例 142 On the Difference of Family Education between China and America 143 汉语对英语语法学习的负迁移 144 论《达芬奇密码》中的基督教元素 145 外交语言策略中的合作原则

试论任务型教学法在英语阅读教学中的应用

试析《哈克贝利费恩历险记》中主人公冲破种族主义桎梏追求自由的精神 148 中餐菜谱翻译的错误分析

卡特福德的等值翻译理论与名词化翻译——以《入乡随俗》英译汉为例 150 论商标名称汉英翻译中的合作原则

151 从跨文化的角度研究故事影片名字的英汉翻译 152 文化差异对国际商务谈判的影响 153 论英语习语的语言和文化功用

154 男权社会女性意识的觉醒——弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫女性主义文学研究 155 论罗伯特•佩恩•沃伦《国王的人马》中对真理与自我认知的追求 156 情感在中学英语教学中的应用

157 On Relationship Between Mothers-and-Daughters-in-Law in China and the West 158 跨文化交际中的语用失误与避免方法

159 从《篡夺》中看辛西娅奥兹克作品中的反偶像崇拜精神

160 从道德角度分析简•奥斯丁《劝导》中的女主人公安妮•艾略特 161 《荆棘鸟》的女性主义解读

162 场独立和场依存对不同主题阅读材料的影响研究 163 英汉礼貌原则的比较分析

164 浅析英语专业学生在听力理解中的策略运用 165 英汉习语对比研究及其对高中英语教学的启示

166 《呼啸山庄》和《远离尘嚣》中女主人公的女性意识的对比 167 Purity and Doom: on Thomas Hardy’s Tess’s of the d’Urbervilles 168 从现代主义角度分析《无名的裘德》中裘德的无根性 169 On the Anti-traditional Factors of Feminism Translation 170 《阿甘正传》承载的美国青年价值观 171 中西校园流行语的文化对比 英语专业全英原创毕业论文，是近期写作，公布的题目可以用于免费参考

172 浅析当今网络英语交流中的缩略语

173 《哈利波特》系列里哈利波特与伏地魔的二元对立分析 174 逆成构词的分类及其认知机制和规律 175 从《西风颂》看英国积极浪漫主义的特征

176 美国电影与文化霸权—以好莱坞大片《阿凡达》为例 177 从《动物庄园》看乔治·奥威尔反极权主义思想 178 中西方婚礼礼服颜色的对比研究

179 Two Trapped Roses—A Comparative Study on Emily and Miss Havisham 180 英汉白色词的文化象征意义及翻译 181 中式英语的潜在价值

182 On the Feminist Consciousness Reflected in Pride and Prejudice 183 Analysis of Advertisements Based on the Cooperative Principle 184 翻译中的性别－－《简•爱》几个中译本的女性主义解读 185 论《海狼》中拉尔森船长本性的双重性 186 从《美国的悲剧》解析美国梦

187 用本我，自我，超我的弗洛伊德理论来解析《红字》 188 从生态女性主义角度解读《苔丝》

189 鼓励性教学方法在中学英语教学中的应用

190 On Translation of Culture-Loaded Words in Subtitle of Ashes of Time Redux 191 The Awakening of the Female Consciousness in Pride and Prejudice 192 中美文化差异对商务谈判的影响

193 从《好事一小件》和《洗澡》的对话对比分析看人物形象塑造的差异 194 英汉形状类量词的隐喻认知分析 195 对《愤怒的葡萄》中圣经原型的分析

196 守望何物－－《麦田里的守望者》中霍尔顿的困惑 197 《野性的呼唤》中自然主义探析

198 从《老人与海》中看海明威的人生哲学 199 《贵妇画像》主题和写作艺术特征

200 浅析《远大前程》中皮普的个人抱负与自我完善

第四篇：简爱中主要人物性格分析

摘要《简·爱》以19 世纪早期英国偏远乡村为背景以女主人公简·爱的经历讲述了一个坚强、独立、自尊与自信的女性的爱情故事塑造了一个具有顽强生命力、值得赞美的女性形象。通过对这部小说中简·爱的人格魅力以及从她身上获取的某些思想启示分析进一步讴歌平等与自立尊严与爱情的永恒主题。关键词《简·爱》人格魅力平等尊严叛逆精神 《简·爱》的意义不仅在于英国文坛发现了夏洛蒂·勃朗特而且使全世界千千万万的女性从女主人公身上找到追求平等和自立的精神源泉。对正在恋爱或即将恋爱的年轻人了解、认识、矫正自己的爱情心理及培养理性健全的人格也会有所启发。长久以来简·爱一直被称为神奇的女性是一代又一代女性心目中的偶像。无论何时简·爱的文学形象总是能促使人们反思尊严与爱情能不能兼得当人们遭遇坎坷曲折的人生经历时要如何激励自我而非堕落毁灭当人们拥有金钱和地位时能否操纵一切为所欲为在今天全球金融危机的大环境下人的精神世界变得越来越脆弱物质世界变得越来越强大作为凡夫俗子的我们能否为不安的心灵留下点什么呢带着这些困惑的思绪我们重拾19 世纪英国现实主义作家夏洛蒂·勃朗特的小说《简·爱》女主人公简·爱身上独具特色的人格魅力无法不让人赞赏叹服也让人们得到很多思想启发找到叛逆与平等、贫穷与自立、尊严与爱情的精神动力。简·爱———这位瘦小、贫穷、长相平庸但自尊、自爱、自立和自信的女性将为人们逐一解惑。

一、尊严与金钱的对抗 现实生活往往是残酷或不尽人意的谁都有他人难以理解的难处如果金钱和尊严不能兼而有之不同的人会有不同的选择。细细品味简的人生经历对于人们在尊严和金钱之间如何抉择有着一定意义上的启示。首先简自幼便成为一个孤女被抛掷给了冷酷无情的舅母———里德太太。在这里她饱受欺辱。一天还是小孩子的简看到一本英国禽鸟史的书觉得好玩就躲在窗帘后头入神地看被她野蛮的表兄发现便一把抢过她手中的书说“你没有资格拿我们家的书你是靠人养活的妈妈说过„你没钱你父亲一文也没留给你。‟你本该去要饭不该在这儿跟我们这样上等人家的孩子在一起生活跟我们吃一样的饭穿妈妈买的衣服�6�7�6�7滚站到门口去别站在镜子和窗子跟前。”1这话意味着什么呢意味着那种没有钱就没有尊严可谈的观念这在当时的社会是普遍的。就像里德这样一个十四五岁孩子的头脑中此观念也根深蒂固他觉得简跟他们不一样还骂简是“耗子”是偷吃别人东西的耗子。他之所以这样鄙视简没有别的理由就是因为简没有钱是贫穷没有地位的下等人她应该去要饭她没有资格过上等人的生活。简到了寄宿学校以后这种观念的冲击更为突出。因为寄宿学校里都是些没有钱的穷孩子或者是根本没有父母的孤儿是这个社会上被鄙视的一群。老师鄙视他们主教、学校的负责人更鄙视他们随便地加以处罚。简只是由于不留神把写字板摔落在地上便被罚站在高凳上示众并不许所有学生和她说话。这对简来说无疑是对她尊严的无情践踏所以从小她就产生了为捍卫尊严而不屈服于现实的巨大勇气。其次磨难中顽强长大的简最终凭借优异的学业和出色的才华从寄宿学校毕业她很快谋到了一份家教的工作来到了桑菲尔德给当地富有的庄园主罗切斯特先生的女儿当家庭教师。在罗切斯特家的生活给她提供了一种前所未有的际遇尤其是简和罗切斯特从陌生到了解然后相爱。罗切斯特起初的高傲冷漠并没有使简对他阿谀奉承谄媚讨好。面对主人说话时的专横粗鲁她依然保持自我不卑不亢。“我没吭声只是微微一笑那微笑既不显得很得意也不表示要顺从”。简给人们展示出了一个个性鲜明自尊自信的女性形象。那时社会中已经充斥了太多的物质元素金钱的作用和等级的观念也被大大地神圣化。面对贫困的现实又有多少人可以像简一样坚强地捍卫做人的尊严坚守内心那一片精神的净土对简而言她决不能因为“穷”因为身处逆境就丢弃了人格、丢弃了尊严、丢弃了良知。如果说没有金钱是万万不能的现实中没有几个人能够真正做到视金钱为粪土但若当一个人“穷”得只剩下钱的时候那将是何等的悲哀。试想一个浑身上下珠光宝气的行尸走肉又怎能比得上有高尚灵魂的穷人简仍然是原来的简在生活中选择了尊严自立这既是她面对残酷现实的抗争和自强也是她高尚灵魂的折射。再次从另一个角度来看如果简很有钱是否就一定能够获得人们的尊敬并且拥有尊严我们知道庄园主罗切斯特虽然不年轻帅气却是位很富有的绅士。漂亮的塞莉娜因他有钱而赞美他说“你有体育家的身材和气度所以我爱你”。罗切斯特信以为真。塞莉娜跟另一个男人却说他是丑八怪。他原以为只要有钱人家就会尊重他但事实上并不是这样。为了钱有人当面总说好话实际上却会背后捅刀、诋毁或者蔑视你。由此可见金钱并不能买到真正的尊严。

二、叛逆精神———对平等自由的向往追求 人类的思想是最不应该受到束缚的叛逆也是最不该受到压制的。如果一个社会是兼容的就完全能把叛逆精神看作是一种合理看作是一种必然。否则这个社会本身就是一种不合理或者不能称之为健康的社会。人类的本性促使简对她的命运进行不屈不饶的抗争从而实现她对平等自由梦想的追求。首先简在罗沃德学校曾对海伦说“当我们无缘无故挨打的时候我们应该狠狠地回击我肯定我们应该回击———狠狠地回击教训教训打我们的那个人叫他永远不敢再这样打人。”“狠狠地回击”1这便是简的叛逆精神。骄横残暴的约翰把她看作丫头一样可是简不畏强暴怒斥这个迫害她的小魔王“你这男孩真是又恶毒又残酷你像个杀人犯———你像个虐待奴隶的人———你像罗马的皇帝”3。接着便和他扭打起来。其次当罗切斯特第一次看到简时他就感到有一种全新的东西———一种新的活力和新的感觉不知不觉传遍了他的全身。这种感觉和简所预见的一样。在罗切斯特假装要娶英格拉姆小姐从而试探简时简心中的哀伤和爱恋把她的情绪推向高潮“你以为我能够留下来成为一个对你来说无足轻重的人吗你以为我是一架自动机器———一架没有感情的机器任凭别人从我嘴里抢走我那一口面包把我杯子里的活命水倒掉我也能够忍受吗你以为就因为我穷、地位低下、相貌平凡而且身材矮小我就没有灵魂没有一颗心了吗你想错了我的灵魂和你的一样———我的心也和你一样富于情感如果上帝赐给我一点美再加上大量的财富我会让你同样难以离开我就像我现在难以离开你一样”4。这段经典的表白道出了简内心中最诚挚最真实的感情它使人们产生共鸣。可以说简和罗切斯特相见、相识到相爱的过程里她的叛逆精神、自强自尊的品质无不深深地征服了他。再次我们不能否认简有自己的尊严在追求爱情上虽然她没有甜腻的赞美、温柔的话语但其感情足够真诚炽烈尤其是她从没有忘记平等的要求。简和罗切斯特谈到婚姻时曾义正词严地对他说“你以为因为我穷低微不美矮小就没有灵魂了吗你想错了我跟你一样有灵魂也同样有一颗心我现在不是凭着肉体凡胎跟你说话而是我的心灵与你的心灵在说话就好像我们都已经离开人世两人平等地站在上帝面前———因为我们本来就是平等的”5。以上充分体现出简的叛逆精神、坚决维护妇女独立人格、主张婚姻独立自主以及男女平等的主张也可以看成她对整个人类社会的平等自由的向往追求。

三、尊严与爱情的完美结合 尊严本身不是孤立存在的它是人与人交往中获得别人的肯定才能拥有的。马克思曾谈及人首先是把自己反映在另一个人身上一个名叫彼得的人所以会把自己当作另一个人来看只是因为他把一个名叫保罗的人看作自己的同种。也就是说一个人只有在另外一个人身上才能获得对自己的肯定。首先简和罗切斯特的首次交往对人们是非常有启示的。两人在山里不期而遇当罗切斯特问简“你觉得我英俊吗”简当时脱口而出“不先生。”这句话对罗切斯特的震动很大。于是他进一步追问“你觉得哪里不好看呢”简意识到自己说的话有点不礼貌向他道歉并解释道“先生我太直率了请原谅。我本来应该说问到外貌问题是很不容易当场就随口做出回答的应当说各人有个人的审美观说美并不重要或者诸如此类的话”2。简的两个回答对罗切斯特了解她至关重要使罗切斯特认识到简是一个可以和自己在精神上平等交谈的人。罗切斯特心中有道伤口就是塞莉娜当面吹捧他却背后嘲笑他。可今天这个其貌不扬、平民模样的女子当面这样的直率和真诚一下子抬高了简在他心目中的地位。而道歉更使他感觉到眼前这个女子不仅诚实还有教养。其次精神上的平等使得他们处在平等的地位相互尊重相互理解从对方那里取得了一种人的尊严感的满足在这样的基础上两人产生了恋情。但是当简准备和罗切斯特结婚时却知道了他已有妻室拥有强烈尊严感的她尽管痛苦却还是毅然选择离开桑菲尔德远离她深爱着的人。此刻简觉得“它再也不能去求助于他 啦因为忠诚已遭到破坏———信任已经丧失对我来说罗切斯特已不是过去的他因为他原来不像我过去所想象的那样我不想把他看成邪恶我不愿意说他欺骗了我。不过他在我心中已失去了正直不欺的属性因此我必须离开他这一点我看得很清楚”1。简还是原来的那个简她极不愿意未婚夫把她当作玩偶一样打扮不在乎罗切斯特先生能给她买多少漂亮的饰品更没有把他当作跨入贵族社会的阶梯。在非常强大的爱情力量的包围之下在美好、富裕生活的诱惑下简依然要坚持自己作人的尊严。她所要的只是一颗真心一颗没有被大量的恩惠压倒的心。结果简将梦想中的婚礼变成了她和罗切斯特的诀别。可见既便是在爱情面前她选择的依然是人的尊严。简这样做并不是过于爱惜自己也不是过于畏惧道德。恰恰是由于爱要求她这么做。爱要求她追随美好要求她必须和自己的所爱保持平等这是他们进行最高层次爱之交流的根本前提。如果没有这些爱只能使她堕落。这正是简所具有的值得赞美的精神魅力使她能够成为独立女性的代表。再次离开后的简遇见了表兄圣约翰———忠诚的基督教徒。他眼中的尊严境界超越了人是一种和神结合而产生的尊严感。简的坚韧个性赢得了他的欣赏于是他便向简求婚。但是简的内心依然牵挂着罗切斯特对他的爱一刻也未曾中止过。而她又很清楚表哥结婚的目的只是为了上帝。她拒绝了她永远不可能接受没有爱情的婚姻。不能再犹豫徘徊了简重返庄园却意外地获知庄园被罗切斯特发疯的妻子放火烧毁她也因大火而亡罗切斯特则丢掉了财富截断了手臂还失去了光明。然而他身体上的伤残抵不过精神上的痛苦对简的日夜思念使他孤寂的生活备受煎熬。这时面对深爱的人简更加确信他自己的重要她回到了罗切斯特的怀抱。历经磨难的两人终于结婚简既拥有了尊严同时也获得了真爱。简凭借她的人格魅力收获了罗切斯特深沉纯净的感情和真正属于她的尊严幸福。简的人格魅力就像沙漠中的泉水滋润着人们干涸的心灵。其实一个人即使拥有再多的财富和整个世界的财富比起来不过是沧海一粟即使一株生长在山谷里的野合也会有自己的骄傲也会找到属于自己的美好春天。精神世界是可以平等的。无论你是什么人只要你对大自然的生灵怀有同样的敬畏之心只要你对人世间的不幸怀有同样的悲悯之心人人都是平等的。不管是贫穷还是富有不管是貌美如花还是相貌平平只要拥有健康的心灵和充实的胸怀拥有独立的人格和坚强的个性不屈不挠勇于奋斗深处苦海却没有迷失自我纯真的本性就能拥有人的尊严和幸福的生活。参考文献 1 夏洛蒂·勃朗特.简爱M.北京译林出版社1994.2 夏洛蒂·勃朗特.简爱M.北京人民文学出版社1991.3 路文彬.阅读爱情M.广州花城出版社2004.4 徐葆耕.西方文学十五讲M.北京北京大学出版社2003.5 徐晴谢丽娜.外国文学名著快读M.北京中国妇女出版社2001.

第五篇：论远大前程中社会因素对皮普爱慕虚荣性格的影响

Social factors on the development of pip’s vanity in Great

Expectations

Abstract

This paper studies the social factors on the development of pip’s vanity in Charles Dickens’ Great Expectations.It argues that, compared with other factors that affect pip’s vanity, social factors has its own distinguishing affects, and that is, it straightly pushes pip to be a vanity man with various ways.The combination of the social factors and pip’s vanity through the exploration of the following three aspects, namely social factors with his terrible educational background, social factors combined with his poor family situation and social factors tinted with the cruelty of the bourgeoisie will be closely examined in this paper.In this way it plans to prove that social factors are the factor that straightly pushes pip to be a vanity man.Keywords: social factors;terrible educational background;poor family situation;cruelty of the bourgeoisie

论远大前程中影响皮普虚荣性格发展的社会因素

摘要

本文研究社会因素对远大前程中皮普虚荣性格的形成的影响。笔者认为，与其他影响皮普虚荣性格的因素相比，社会因素有着非常独到的地方，即它直接的从各个方面把皮普塑造成了一个虚荣的人。本文从皮普教育的缺失，贫困的家庭环境，资本主义的残酷三个方面对皮普虚荣性格的形成进行了考察，从而证明社会因素直接地把皮普塑造成了一个虚荣性格的人。

关键词：社会因素，教育的缺失，贫困的家庭，资本主义的残酷

Contents

Number of pages: 16 Introduction.................................................................................................................1 2 Pip’s Character of Vanity............................................................................................2 2.1 A Brief Introduction to the Victorian Age............................................................3 2.2 The Prototype of Pip in Great Expectation..........................................................4 2.3 His Vanity in Great Expectations.........................................................................5 3 The Social Factors that Mold Pip’s Vanity..................................................................6 3.1 His Terrible Educational Background..................................................................7 3.2 His Poor Family Situation....................................................................................8 3.3 The Cruelty of the Bourgeoisie............................................................................9 3.3.1 Vengeful and Wealthy Miss Havisham......................................................10 3.3.2 Indulgent and Hypocritical Mr.Jaggers.....................................................11 4 Conclusion................................................................................................................12 Notes............................................................................................................................13 References....................................................................................................................14 Acknowledgement.......................................................................................................15 Declaration...................................................................................................................16

1.Introduction Dickens was one of the most influential writers of the 19th century, played a crucial Great Expectations was written by Charles Dickens(7 February 1812–9 June 1870).He contributed greatly to the development of the writing style in British Literature.Through his numerous works，he exposed the readers to different aspects of the times he lived in and explored the unfairness and hypocrisy of the capitalist society and he analysis that the social factors that we lived in influences the formation of our characters.The social factors can be reflected in various ways such as education, families, friends and the living experiences.Pip is the hero in Great Expectations, whose life has through several changes.Each change is a new development for him and last forging a new Pip: The one who is fall in love with the beautiful Estella, the love drives him to run after the knowledge and fame;the one who gains a big fortune to have a gentleman cultivation in London;the one whose dreams fall into fallacy, which lets him realizes his guilty and starts repentance.Every stage Pip’s character is under subtle change that is related to the things happened around him.To say it in different way, pip’s change in every stage is influenced by the social factors especially let him to chase after the vanity like the upper class gentlemen life and wealth.Thus, this paper mainly studies the social factors on the development of pip’s vanity in Charles Dickens’ Great Expectations with the factors of terrible education, the poor family and the friends around him who live in the cruelty Bourgeoisie.In this way to prove that social factors are the factor that straightly pushes pip to be a vanity man.2.Pip’s Character of Vanity

Pip is the hero in Great Expectations who is also a victim.His life reflects the background of the Victorian age when the society is dark and the people there all chase after the vanity of the wealth and the social status.It is also mirrored the life experiences of Charles Dickens.Pip actually is living in the lower class who has no good education and the rich family.When he lives with Joe, his dream is to be a balcksmith.But when he falls in love with the girl, he begins to hate his dirty hand that using to strike the iron.Apart from that, when he is in the cultivation for a gentleman, he begins to escape to meet the low class: Joe, though he is actually not a gentleman there.All the change of Pip’s character reflects the common features of the people in Victorian age and mirrored the life experiences of Charles Dickens.2.1A Brief Introduction to the Victorian Age In Great Expectation, Charles Dickens showed us a lively picture, which gave us a rough sketch of The Victorian Age.The country was ruled by Queen Victorian from 1837 to 1901, and during this period, the cruelty and the greedy of the Bourgeoisie that deeply affect everyone’s character.In society, the wealth and the greedy are like an evil.The distribution of wealth is always unequal and the contrast of the rich and the poverty is very sharp.On one hand, there excises the noble manor life and the comfortable life of the landlord;on the other hand, it is the farmer’s dilapidated cottage and the unemployed worker’s desperation.Family life for the middle and upper class was extremely important, as the families were large and living together in big houses, life was very comfortable for them and enjoyable.Poor and working class families, such as Dickens's were forced to work in factories doing dangerous jobs.Children were being exploited, into doing harsh dangerous work, for little pay and no gratitude.Besides, the Industrial Revolution of the late eighteenth and the early nineteenth centuries had transformed the social landscape, enabling capitalists and manufacturers to amass huge fortunes.Although social class was no longer entirely dependent on the circumstances of one’s birth, the divisions between rich and poor remained nearly as wide as ever.London, a teeming mass of humanity lit by gas lamps at night and darkened by black clouds from smokestacks during the day, formed a sharp contrast with the nation’s sparsely populated rural areas.More and more people moved from the country to the city in search of greater economic opportunity.Throughout England, the manners of the upper class were very strict and conservative: gentlemen and ladies were expected to have thorough classical educations and to behave appropriately in innumerable social situations.2.2 The Prototype of Pip in Great Expectation The prototype of the pip in great expectation should trace back to the purpose of Charles Dickens to write Great Expectations.In the Victorian Age, the contrast of wealthy and poverty is sharp and the cruelty and the exploitation is everywhere, which let all the lower class form a wrong value: run after the wealth and the upper class.Therefore, the vanity breeds out.So as Charles Dickens, he wrote Great Expectation to draw a picture of the people who run after the vanity through Dickens’ own life experiences.When Dickens was young, his parents had troubles in finance and disasters in the social, so they lived a rough live and had to change their living-quarters frequently for the lack of money which could be used to pay the rents.Dickens wasn't an orphan, as Pip is, but he may well have felt like one.His parents were sociable, pleasant people, but when Charles, who was the eldest boy, was nine, the Dickens’s pulled up roots and moved to London to try to live more cheaply.Charles was appalled by the cramped, grubby house they lived in there, and even more ashamed when his father was arrested and taken to debtors' prison.The rest of the Dickens’s were allowed to move into prison with their father, but twelve-year-old Charles had to live on his own outside.Therefore, the expectations of pip to get the social advancement and the wealth are the mirror of Dickens himself to make a great expectation to change his life style.2.3 His Vanity in Great Expectations In Great Expectations, Pip, the novel’s protagonist, lives in the marsh country, works at a job he feel enough, considers himself too good for his surroundings as shown by the following account in the book Great Expectations.“Joe was a fair man, with high brown hair and blue eyes.He was a mild, good-natured, dear fellow Joe and I being fellow-sufferers……”

But when he meet the Estella at Miss Havisham’s house, he suddenly feels shame about his surrounding and from this time his vanity breed out from his brain: he want to be a rich, a gentle and a uncommon man, though it is just a expectation that is impossible for him now as shown by the following account.“Being alone in the courtyard I looked at my coarse hands and my thick boots.They had never troubled me before, but they troubled me now.I wished Joe had been rather more genteelly brought up, and then I should have been so too.” page 49

“……and that I hadn’t been able to explain myself to Mrs.Joe and Pumblechook, and that there had been a beautiful young lady at Miss Havisham’s who was dreadfully and proud, and that she had said I was common……”page 70

“I had never thought of being ashamed of my hands before, but I began to consider them rather a bad pair.Here contempt was so strong that it became infectious and I caught it”chapter7 page47

When Pip comes to London to have the cultivation for the gentleman, he begin to look down upon the low class, even his best friend: joe.As shown in the book.“One Monday morning I received a letter from Biddy in which she informed me of Joe’s intention to visit me at Barnard’s in the next morning.I did not look forward with pleasure to this visit, and if I could have kept him away by paying money……but I had the sharpest sensitiveness to his being seen by Drummle, whom I held in contempt because he was idle, stupid and haughty.” Chapter 15Page 114

It’s no doubt that there are a lot of words and description of Pip’s mental.All that gives the impression that Pip is a vanity man.The Social Factors that Mold Pip’s Vanity

The social factors can be reflected in various ways such as education, families, friends and the living experiences.This paper mainly studies the social factors on the development of pip’s vanity in Charles Dickens’ Great Expectations with the factors of terrible education, the poor family and the friends around him who live in the cruelty Bourgeoisie.3.1 His Terrible Educational Background In Pip’s family in Great Expectations, the rough sister couldn’t gives Pip chances to satisfy his curiosity for knowledge．Although Joe is a good man and expects Pip to learn, but he is helpless.As to he is almost an illiterate.When Pip attends a night class，he sadly find it is not a school, where has no textbooks and no teacher in the real sense as shown in Great Expectations.“During this period I attended an evening school kept by Mr.Wopsle’s great-aunt.Her method of education was peculiar, for she usually went to sleep from six to seven every evening, leaving her pupils to improve themselves as best they could by seeing her do it.Mr.Wopsle’s great-aunt, besides keeping this Education Institution, kept in the same room a little general shop.”Chapter 6 page 33

The terrible education background couldn’t cultivate Pip to have the right value to the society and the life.So Pip wants to study hard just because of his vanity: the love for Estella．Pip wants to learn and become a gentle man.When Pip later becomes a London gentleman，he learns from Mr.Pocket．At this time，the purpose of receiving education is only to decorate the gentleman’s status.Thus throughout Pip’s receiving education, He learns only a little from his teachers.His real teachers are his sufferings．Pip’s process of being taught is mainly the process of his teaching himself.He is thirsty for knowledge but his teachers never satisfies his intellectual need or tell him the math of life．From the beginning to the end of the book．Originally, he wants education because of his love for Estella．There are great gaps between Pip and Estella, Pip wants to narrow these gaps by learning more．All those are driven by his vanity for the beautiful Estella and for the upper class life.3.2 His Poor Family Situation Pip was an orphan who lived with his sister and brother in law.The poor living condition made him quite sensitive, which also made him feel shame of his family situation when with Estella and the friends.Although Joe treated Pip as his best friend who he could believe in and give sincerity and comfort to, what Joe could do was too little to help Pip, not the good living situation and the good education.Thus, Pip formed the false values about the wealth, the social status and the wrong outlook about the world.Pip couldn’t refuse the temptation around so he lost his balance in mind because he always thinks he is poor and common man.He was eager to be a gentleman and the husband of Estella, though it is impossible of the family situation for him.However, he lived in his dream.His sister punished him in lots of ways such as using the tar water as medicine, her ring and thimble as torture instruments.Mrs.Joe liked to tell others that it was her that brought Pip up and she suffered a lot for this.However, she never gave Pip any good family situation to have a good education and the good value about the life and the wealth.What Pip felt was the following:

“My sister’s bringing up had made me sensitive.In the little world in which children have their existence, whoever brings them up, there is nothing so finely perceived and so finely felt, as injustice.”(69)

Therefore, when Pip got the information that he had come into handsome property, he feel that he have the chance to be a gentle man and will not to be the low class of the society.And then, he waste the money every day and persist in he will be the upper class man.However, all that is because of his poor family situation that couldn’t give him the good education and had the right value of life and the wealth, which straightly let him got the vanity that he come into handsome property to have the chance to be a gentle man and the upper class of the society.3.3 The Cruelty of the Bourgeoisie In the Victorian Age, because of the Industrial Revolution and the development of the society, the Bourgeoisie is very cruelty for the wealth and the social advancement.Sometimes they are ruthless for the low class to reach their own purpose.3.3.1 Vengeful and Wealthy Miss Havisham In Great Expectations, Miss Havisham is a mad, vengeful, a wealthy old lady, who lives in a rotting mansion and wears an old, smelly wedding dress, which she never takes off in her rest of life.She is a poor role in the novel.Miss Havisham’s life is dominated by a disobliging man who named Compeyson, who leaves her alone on their wedding day.From then on, Miss Havisham turns all the clocks in her house at twenty minutes to nine, the moment when Compeyson dumps her, and she wears only one shoe, because when she is informed of his betrayal, she had not yet put on the other shoe.With such kind of manic, obsessive cruelty and miserable suffering, Miss Havisham adopts Estella and raises her as a gun to fire the men.Miss Havisham is an example of single-minded vengeance pursued destructively: both Miss Havisham and the friends in her life suffer painfully things because of her quest for revenge.Miss Havisham completely hasn’t seen that her actions are great hurtful to Pip and Estella.She is redeemed at the end of the novel when she realizes that she has broken Pip’s heart in the same manner as her own;rather than achieving any kind of personal revenge, she has only caused more pain.Miss Havisham’s begging for forgiveness reinforces the theme that bad behavior can be redeemed by contrition and sympathy.But Miss Havisham has also done the worse thing for Pip.She not only gives Pip the expectations to catch Estella, but also give Pip’s expectations to be a gentleman of the upper class, which indulges Pip’s vanity to chase after the illusory dreams.She knows that Pip is from the low class and Pip sometimes is self-contemptuous as shown in the book Great Expectations.“……my dream had come true, my wild fancy was surpassed by reality;Miss Havisham was going to make my fortune.” chapter 13 Page 92

Miss Havisham’s revenge straightly put Pip to run after the wealth and the social advancement.To say it in different way, Miss Havisham straightly put Pip to be a vanity man for the wealth and the social advancement.3.3.2 Indulgent and Hypocritical Mr.Jaggers In the beginning, Pip’s vanity is buried in his heart as shown in the book: “one morning after I wake up, a good idea comes into my heart: I’ll let myself uncommon.”, but when he meets Mr.Jaggers his vanity comes into a summit.Mr.Jaggers as a represent of the decaying legal system of British also gives Pip a dream to be the upper class of the society.The dream let Pip got the expectation.On the contrary, in London, Pip has never studied the knowledge and the manner of the upper class, but the luxury of the upper class as shown in the book:

“We always derived great satisfaction from making an appointment for this purpose.We ordered something special for dinner, with an expensive bottle of wine, in order that our minds might be fortified for the occasion.Dinner over, we produced pens and paper.I would then take a sheet of paper and write across the top of it, in neat hand writing, “Memorandum of Pip’s Debts” chapter 19 page 145

That is the indulgence of Mr.Jaggers who hasn’t paid the responsibility to Pip’s development, which is also because of his hypocritical.To say it in other words, Mr.Jaggers is an irresponsible lower.What he wants is just the attorney fees.Mr.Jaggers is also a vanity man as shown in the book:

“Now, I have nothing to say to you,” said Mr.Jaggers, throwing his finger at them.I want to know no more that I know.As to the result, it’s a toss-up.I told you from the first it was a toss-up.Have you paid Wemmick?”

From this point of view, Pip is also a victim.Although he is vanity after suffering Miss Havisham and Estella, the greatest culprit is Mr.Jaggers indulgent and hypocritical.It is his indulgent and hypocritical put Pip’s vanity to the summit.4 Conclusion The development of Pip’ vanity has a deep relationship with the social factors such as education, family and social activities.In the thesis we’ve talked about many aspects that influenced the development of Pip’s vanity.Pip lost his nature in his own life is because he has got the wrong value towards wealth, love and social status.Then the terrible education condition was an important aspect that Pip learnt little useful knowledge from the school or the teacher.Wemmick helped Pip when Pip faced the difficulties.He gave his true love to Pip who once saved his life.At last, Pip knew that he should abandon the wrong value and find back his natural character.The novel tells us that we must establish the right value for the wealth and the social status and shouldn’t be mislead by the wrong value from the social factors.The social factors can be the good thing for our development and can also mislead us to the abyss.To say it in other words, they can be educational and destructive.Of course, different people will lead different lives in the same social factors.But the most important factor is our own nature.