美国第35任总统肯尼迪就职演说

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第一篇:美国第35任总统肯尼迪就职演说

John F.Kennedy INAUGURAL ADDRESS

FRIDAY, JANUARY 20, 1961

Vice President Johnson, Mr.Speaker, Mr.Chief Justice, President Eisenhower, Vice

President Nixon, President Truman, reverend clergy, fellow citizens, we observe today not a victory of party, but a celebration of freedom--symbolizing an end, as well as a beginning--signifying renewal, as well as change.For I have sworn I before you and

Almighty God the same solemn oath our forebears l prescribed nearly a century and three quarters ago.The world is very different now.For man holds in his mortal hands the power to abolish all forms of human poverty and all forms of human life.And yet the same revolutionary beliefs for which our forebears fought are still at issue around the globe--the belief that the rights of man come not from the generosity of the state, but from the hand of God.We dare not forget today that we are the heirs of that first revolution.Let the word go forth from this time and place, to friend and foe alike, that the torch has been passed to a new generation of Americans--born in this century, tempered by war, disciplined by a hard and bitter peace, proud of our ancient heritage--and unwilling to witness or permit the slow undoing of those human rights to which this Nation has always been committed, and to which we are committed today at home and around the world.Let every nation know, whether it wishes us well or ill, that we shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe, in order to assure the survival and the success of liberty.This much we pledge--and more.To those old allies whose cultural and spiritual origins we share, we pledge the loyalty of faithful friends.United, there is little we cannot do in a host of cooperative ventures.Divided, there is little we can do--for we dare not meet a powerful challenge at odds and split asunder.To those new States whom we welcome to the ranks of the free, we pledge our word that one form of colonial control shall not have passed away merely to be replaced by a far more iron tyranny.We shall not always expect to find them supporting our view.But we shall always hope to find them strongly supporting their own freedom--and to remember that, in the past, those who foolishly sought power by riding the back of the tiger ended up insidect.To those peoples in the huts and villages across the globe struggling to break the bonds of mass misery, we pledge our best efforts to help them help thelves, for whatever period is required--not ause the Communists may be doing it, not ause we seek their votes, but ause it is right.If a free society cannot help the many who are poor, it cannot save the few who are rich./

5To our sister republics south of our border, we offer a special pledge--to convert our good words into good deeds--in a new alliance for pross--to assist free men and free

governments in casting off the chains of poverty.But this peaceful revolution of hope cannot ome the prey of hostile powers.Let all our neighbors know that we shall join with them to oppose agssion or subversion anywhere in the Americas.And let every other power know that this Hemisphere intends to remain the master of its own house.To that world assembly of sovereign states, the United Nations, our last best hope in an age where the instruments of war have far outpaced the instruments of peace, we renew our pledge of support--to prevent it from oming merely a forum for invective--to

strengthen its shield of the new and the weak--and to enlarge the area in which its writ may run.Finally, to those nations who would make thelves our adversary, we offer not a pledge but a request: that both sides begin anew the quest for peace, before the dark powers of destruction unleashed by science engulf all humanity in planned or accidental

self-destruction.We dare not tempt them with weakness.For only when our arms are sufficient beyond doubt can we be certain beyond doubt that they will never be employed.But neither can two at and powerful groups of nations take comfort from our present course--both sides overburdened by the cost of modern weapons, both rightly alarmed by the steady spread of the deadly atom, yet both racing to alter that uncertain balance of terror that stays the hand of mankind's final war.So let us begin anew--remembering on both sides that civility is not a sign of weakness, and sincerity is always subject to proof.Let us never negotiate out of fear.But let us never fear to negotiate.Let both sides explore what problems unite us instead of belaboring those problems which divide us.Let both sides, for the first time, formulate serious and precise proposals for the inspection and control of arms--and bring the absolute power to destroy other nations under the absolute control of all nations.Let both sides seek to invoke the wonders of science instead of its terrors.Together let us explore the stars, conquer the deserts, eradicate disease, tap the ocean depths, and encourage the arts and commerce.Let both sides unite to heed in all corners of the earth the command of Isaiah--to “undo the heavy burdens...and to let the oppressed go free.”

And if a beachhead of cooperation may push back the jungle of suspicion, let both sides join in creating a new endeavor, not a new balance of power, but a new world of law, where the strong are just and the weak secure and the peace preserved.All this will not be finished in the first 100 days.Nor will it be finished in the first 1,000 days, nor in the life of this Administration, nor even perhaps in our lifetime on this planet.But let us begin.uUlsda E/ 5

In your hands, my fellow citizens, more than in mine, will rest the final success or failure of our course.Since this country was founded, each generation of Americans has been summoned to give testimony to its national loyalty.The graves of young Americans who answered the call to service surround the globe.Now the trumpet summons us again--not as a call to bear arms, though arms we need;not as a call to battle, though embattled we are--but a call to bear the burden of a long twilight struggle, year in and year out, “rejoicing in hope, patient in tribulation”--a struggle against the common enemies of man: tyranny, poverty, disease, and war itself.Can we forge against these enemies a grand and global alliance, North and South, East and West, that can assure a more fruitful life for all mankind? Will you join in that historic effort?

In the long history of the world, only a few generations have been granted the role of defending freedom in its hour of maximum danger.I do not shank from this

responsibility--I welcome it.I do not believe that any of us would exchange places with any other people or any other generation.The energy, the faith, the devotion which we bring to this endeavor will light our country and all who serve it--and the glow from that fire can truly light the world.And so, my fellow Americans: ask not what your country can do for you--ask what you can do for your country.My fellow citizens of the world: ask not what America will do for you, but what together we can do for the freedom of man.Finally, whether you are citizens of America or citizens of the world, ask of us the same high standards of strength and sacrifice which we ask of you.With a good conscience our only sure reward, with history the final judge of our deeds, let us go forth to lead the land we love, asking His blessing and His help, but knowing that here on earth God's work must truly be our own.肯尼迪就职典礼

时间:1961年1月20日 地点:国会大厦

今天我们庆祝的不是政党的胜利,而是自由的胜利。这象征着一个结束,也象征着一个开端;意味着延续也意味着变革。因为我已在你们和全能的上帝面前,宣读了我们的先辈在170多年前拟定的庄严誓言。

现在的世界已大不相同了。

人类的巨手掌握着既能消灭人间的各种贫困,又能毁灭人间的各种生活的力量。但我们的先辈为之奋斗的那些革命信念,在世界各地仍然有着争论。这个信念就是:人的权利并非来自国家的慷慨,而是来自上帝恩赐。

今天,我们不敢忘记我们是第一次革命的继承者。让我们的朋友和敌人同样听见我此时此地的讲话:火炬已经传给新一代美国人。这一代人在本世纪诞生,在战争中受过锻炼,在艰难困苦的和平时期受过陶冶,他们为我国悠久的传统感到自豪--他们不愿目睹或听任我国一向保证的、今天仍在国内外作出保证的人权渐趋毁灭。/

5让每个国家都知道--不论它希望我们繁荣还是希望我们衰落--为确保自由的存在和自由的胜利,我们将付出任何代价,承受任何负担,应付任何艰难,支持任何朋友,反抗任何敌人。

这些就是我们的保证--而且还有更多的保证。

对那些和我们有着共同文化和精神渊源的老盟友、我们保证待以诚实朋友那样的忠诚。我们如果团结一致,就能在许多合作事业中无往不胜;我们如果分歧对立,就会一事无成--因为我们不敢在争吵不休、四分五裂时迎接强大的挑战。

对那些我们欢迎其加入到自由行列中来的新国家,我们格守我们的誓言:决不让一种更为残酷的暴政来取代一种消失的殖民统治。我们并不总是指望他们会支持我们的观点。但我们始终希望看到他们坚强地维护自己的自由--而且要记住,在历史上,凡愚蠢地狐假虎威者,终必葬身虎口。

对世界各地身居茅舍和乡村、为摆脱普遍贫困而斗争的人们,我们保证尽最大努力帮助他们自立,不管需要花多长时间--之所以这样做,并不是因为共产党可能正在这样做,也不是因为我们需要他们的选票,而是因为这样做是正确的。自由社会如果不能帮助众多的穷人,也就无法挽救少数富人。

对我国南面的姐妹共和国,我们提出一项特殊的保证--在争取进步的新同盟中,把我们善意的话变为善意的行动,帮助自由的人们和自由的政府摆脱贫困的枷锁。但是,这种充满希望的和平革命决不可以成为敌对国家的牺牲品。我们要让所有邻国都知道,我们将和他们在一起,反对在美洲任何地区进行侵略和颠覆活动。让所有其他国家都知道,本半球的人仍然想做自己家园的主人。

对联合国,主权国家的世界性议事机构,我们在战争手段大大超过和平手段的时代里最后的、最美好的希望所在,我们重申予以支持:防止它仅仅成为谩骂的场所;加强它对新生国家和弱小国家的保护;扩大它的行使法令的管束范围。

最后,对那些与我们作对的国家,我们提出一个要求而不是一项保证:在科学释放出可怕的破坏力量,把全人类卷入预谋的或意外的自我毁灭的深渊之前,让我们双方重新开始寻求和平。

我们不敢以怯弱来引诱他们。因为只有当我们毫无疑问地拥有足够的军备,我们才能毫无疑问地确信永远不会使用这些军备。

但是,这两个强大的国家集团都无法从目前所走的道路中得到安慰--发展现代武器所需的费用使双方负担过重,致命的原子武器的不断扩散理所当然使双方忧心忡忡,但是,双方却争着改变那制止人类发动最后战争的不稳定的恐怖均势。

因此,让我们双方重新开始--双方都要牢记,礼貌并不意味着怯弱,诚意永远有待于验证。让我们决不要由于畏惧而谈判。但我们决不能畏惧谈判。

让双方都来探讨使我们团结起来的问题,而不要操劳那些使我们分裂的问题。

让双方首次为军备检查和军备控制制订认真而又明确的提案,把毁灭他国的绝对力量置于所有国家的绝对控制之下。

让双方寻求利用科学的奇迹,而不是乞灵于科学造成的恐怖。让我们一起探索星球,征服沙漠,根除疾患,开发深海,并鼓励艺术和商业的发展。/

5让双方团结起来,在全世界各个角落倾听以赛亚的训令--“解下轭上的索,使被欺压的得自由。”(注:《圣经·旧约全书·以塞亚书》第58章6节。)

如果合作的滩头阵地能逼退猜忌的丛林,那么就让双方共同作一次新的努力;不是建立一种新的均势,而是创造一个新的法治世界,在这个世界中,强者公正,弱者安全、和平将得到维护。

所有这一切不可能在今后一百天内完成,也不可能在今后一千天或者在本届政府任期内完成,甚至也许不可能在我们居住在这个星球上的有生之年内完成。但是,让我们开始吧。公民们,我们方针的最终成败与其说掌握在我手中,不如说掌握在你们手中。自从合众国建立以来,每一代美国人都曾受到召唤去证明他们对国家的忠诚。响应召唤而献身的美国青年的坟墓遍及全球。

现在,号角已再次吹响--不是召唤我们拿起武器,虽然我们需要武器;不是召唤我们去作战,虽然我们严阵以待。它召唤我们为迎接黎明而肩负起漫长斗争的重任,年复一年,从希望中得到欢乐,在磨难中保持耐性,对付人类共同的敌人--专制、社团、疾病和战争本身。

为反对这些敌人,确保人类更为丰裕的生活,我们能够组成一个包括东西南北各方的全球大联盟吗?你们愿意参加这一历史性的努力吗?

在漫长的世界历史中,只有少数几代人在自由处于最危急的时刻被赋予保卫自由的责任。我不会推卸这一责任,我欢迎这一责任。我不相信我们中间有人想同其他人或其他时代的人交换位置。我们为这一努力所奉献的精力、信念和忠诚,将照亮我们的国家和所有为国效劳的人,而这火焰发出的光芒定能照亮全世界。

因此,美国同胞们,不要问国家能为你们做些什么,而要问你们能为国家做些什么。全世界的公民们,不要问美国将为你们做些什么,而要问我们共同能为人类的自由做些什么。

最后,不论你们是美国公民还是其他国家的公民,你们应要求我们献出我们同样要求于你们的高度力量和牺牲。问心无愧是我们唯一可靠的奖赏,历史是我们行动的最终裁判,让我们走向前去,引导我们所热爱的国家。我们祈求上帝的福佑和帮助,但我们知道,确切地说,上帝在尘世的工作必定是我们自己的工作。/ 5

第二篇:美国第35任总统肯尼迪就职演说中英文

美国第35任总统肯尼迪就职演说中英文(全文)John F.Kennedy INAUGURAL ADDRESS FRIDAY, JANUARY 20, 1961 Vice President Johnson, Mr.Speaker, Mr.Chief Justice, President Eisenhower, Vice President Nixon, President Truman, reverend clergy, fellow citizens, we observe today not a victory of party, but a celebration of freedom--symbolizing an end, as well as a beginning--signifying renewal, as well as change.For I have sworn I before you and Almighty God the same solemn oath our forebears l prescribed nearly a century and three quarters ago.The world is very different now.For man holds in his mortal hands the power to abolish all forms of human poverty and all forms of human life.And yet the same revolutionary beliefs for which our forebears fought are still at issue around the globe--the belief that the rights of man come not from the generosity of the state, but from the hand of God.We dare not forget today that we are the heirs of that first revolution.Let the word go forth from this time and place, to friend and foe alike, that the torch has been passed to a new generation of Americans--born in this century, tempered by war, disciplined by a hard and bitter peace, proud of our ancient heritage--and unwilling to witness or permit the slow undoing of those human rights to which this Nation has always been committed, and to which we are committed today at home and around the world.Let every nation know, whether it wishes us well or ill, that we shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe, in order to assure the survival and the success of liberty.This much we pledge--and more.To those old allies whose cultural and spiritual origins we share, we pledge the loyalty of faithful friends.United, there is little we cannot do in a host of cooperative ventures.Divided, there is little we can do--for we dare not meet a powerful challenge at odds and split asunder.To those new States whom we welcome to the ranks of the free, we pledge our word that one form of colonial control shall not have passed away merely to be replaced by a far more iron tyranny.We shall not always expect to find them supporting our view.But we shall always hope to find them strongly 1

supporting their own freedom--and to remember that, in the past, those who foolishly sought power by riding the back of the tiger ended up insidect.To those peoples in the huts and villages across the globe struggling to break the bonds of mass misery, we pledge our best efforts to help them help thelves, for whatever period is required--not ause the Communists may be doing it, not ause we seek their votes, but ause it is right.If a free society cannot help the many who are poor, it cannot save the few who are rich.To our sister republics south of our border, we offer a special pledge--to convert our good words into good deeds--in a new alliance for pross--to assist free men and free governments in casting off the chains of poverty.But this peaceful revolution of hope cannot ome the prey of hostile powers.Let all our neighbors know that we shall join with them to oppose agssion or subversion anywhere in the Americas.And let every other power know that this Hemisphere intends to remain the master of its own house.To that world assembly of sovereign states, the United Nations, our last best hope in an age where the instruments of war have far outpaced the instruments of peace, we renew our pledge of support--to prevent it from oming merely a forum for invective--to strengthen its shield of the new and the weak--and to enlarge the area in which its writ may run.Finally, to those nations who would make thelves our adversary, we offer not a pledge but a request: that both sides begin anew the quest for peace, before the dark powers of destruction unleashed by science engulf all humanity in planned or accidental self-destruction.We dare not tempt them with weakness.For only when our arms are sufficient beyond doubt can we be certain beyond doubt that they will never be employed.But neither can two at and powerful groups of nations take comfort from our present course--both sides overburdened by the cost of modern weapons, both rightly alarmed by the steady spread of the deadly atom, yet both racing to alter that uncertain balance of terror that stays the hand of mankind's final war.So let us begin anew--remembering on both sides that civility is not a sign of weakness, and sincerity is always subject to proof.Let us never negotiate out of fear.But let us never fear to negotiate.Let both sides explore what problems unite us instead of belaboring those problems which divide us.2

Let both sides, for the first time, formulate serious and precise proposals for the inspection and control of arms--and bring the absolute power to destroy other nations under the absolute control of all nations.Let both sides seek to invoke the wonders of science instead of its terrors.Together let us explore the stars, conquer the deserts, eradicate disease, tap the ocean depths, and encourage the arts and commerce.Let both sides unite to heed in all corners of the earth the command of Isaiah--to “undo the heavy burdens...and to let the oppressed go free.” And if a beachhead of cooperation may push back the jungle of suspicion, let both sides join in creating a new endeavor, not a new balance of power, but a new world of law, where the strong are just and the weak secure and the peace preserved.All this will not be finished in the first 100 days.Nor will it be finished in the first 1,000 days, nor in the life of this Administration, nor even perhaps in our lifetime on this planet.But let us begin.uUlsda E In your hands, my fellow citizens, more than in mine, will rest the final success or failure of our course.Since this country was founded, each generation of Americans has been summoned to give testimony to its national loyalty.The graves of young Americans who answered the call to service surround the globe.Now the trumpet summons us again--not as a call to bear arms, though arms we need;not as a call to battle, though embattled we are--but a call to bear the burden of a long twilight struggle, year in and year out, “rejoicing in hope, patient in tribulation”--a struggle against the common enemies of man: tyranny, poverty, disease, and war itself.Can we forge against these enemies a grand and global alliance, North and South, East and West, that can assure a more fruitful life for all mankind? Will you join in that historic effort? In the long history of the world, only a few generations have been granted the role of defending freedom in its hour of maximum danger.I do not shank from this responsibility--I welcome it.I do not believe that any of us would exchange places with any other people or any other generation.The energy, the faith, the devotion which we bring to this endeavor will light our country and all who serve it--and the glow from that fire can truly light the world.And so, my fellow Americans: ask not what your country can do for you--ask what you can do for your country.3

My fellow citizens of the world: ask not what America will do for you, but what together we can do for the freedom of man.Finally, whether you are citizens of America or citizens of the world, ask of us the same high standards of strength and sacrifice which we ask of you.With a good conscience our only sure reward, with history the final judge of our deeds, let us go forth to lead the land we love, asking His blessing and His help, but knowing that here on earth God's work must truly be our own.

第三篇:肯尼迪总统就职演说(中英文)

肯尼迪总统就职演说(1961年1月20日)

Inaugural Address of John F.KennedyJanuary 20, 1961

Vice President Johnson, Mr.Speaker, Mr.Chief Justice, President

Eisenhower, Vice President Nixon, President Truman, Reverend Clergy, fellow citizens:

约翰逊副总统、议长先生、首席大法官先生、艾森豪威尔总统、尼克松副总统、杜鲁门总统、尊敬的牧师、同胞们:

We observe today not a victory of party but a celebration of freedom, symbolizing an end as well as a beginning, signifying renewal as well as change.For I have sworn before you and Almighty God the same solemn oath our forebears prescribed nearly a century and three-quarters ago.我们今天所看到的,并非是某一党派的胜利,而是自由的庆典。它象征着结束,亦象征着开始;意味着更新,亦意味着变化。因为我已在你们及万能的上帝面前,依着我们先辈175年前写下的誓言宣誓。

The world is very different now.For man holds in his mortal hands the power to abolish all forms of human poverty and all forms of human life.And yet the same revolutionary beliefs for which our forebears fought are still at issue around the globe--the belief that the rights of man come not from the generosity of the state but from the hand of God.世界已然今非昔比,因为人类手中已经掌握了巨大的力量,既可以用来消除各种形式的贫困,亦可用以毁灭人类社会。然而,我们先辈曾为之战斗的那些革命性的信念还依然在世界上受人争议——那就是,每个人享有的各项权利决非来自国家政权的慷慨赐予,而是出自上帝之手。

We dare not forget today that we are the heirs of that first revolution.Let the word go forth from this time and place, to friend and foe alike, that the torch has been passed to a new generation of Americans--born in this century, tempered by war, disciplined by a hard and bitter peace, proud of our ancient heritage--and unwilling to witness or permit the slow undoing of those human rights to which this nation has always been committed, and to which we are committed today at home and around the world.今天,我们不敢有忘,我们乃是那第一次革命的后裔。此时,让这个声音从这里同时向我们的朋友和敌人传达:火炬现已传递到新一代美国人手中——他们生于本世纪,既经受过战火的锤炼,又经历过艰难严峻的和平岁月的考验。他们深为我们古老的遗产所自豪——决不愿目睹或听任诸项人权受到无形的侵蚀,这些权利不仅为这个国家始终信守不渝,亦是我们正在国内和世界上誓死捍卫的东西。

Let every nation know, whether it wishes us well or ill, that we shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe to assure the survival and the success of liberty.让每一个国家都知道,无论它们对我们抱有善意还是恶意,我们都准备付出任何代价、承受任何重任、迎战任何艰险、支持任何朋友、反对任何敌人,以使自由得以维系和胜利。This much we pledge--and more.这是我们矢志不移的承诺,且远不止此!

To those old allies whose cultural and spiritual origins we share, we pledge the loyalty of faithful friends.United there is little we cannot do in a host of cooperative ventures.Divided there is little we can do, for we dare not meet a powerful challenge at odds and split asunder.对于那些与我们共享同一文化和精神源头的老朋友,我们许以朋友的忠诚。在许许多多的合作事业中,我们会尽己所能以促进我们的团结,而决不故意制造分裂,因为我们不敢轻易面对由分歧或体系崩溃而导致的巨大挑战。

To those new states whom we welcome to the ranks of the free, we pledge our word that one form of colonial control shall not have passed away merely to be replaced by a far more iron tyranny.We shall not always expect to find them supporting our view.But we shall always hope to find them strongly supporting their own freedom--and to

remember that, in the past, those who foolishly sought power by riding the back of the tiger ended up inside.对于那些新成立的国家,我们欢迎它们加入自由阵营,并在此许以忠告:某种形式的殖民控制决不会仅仅因为被另一种更为残酷的霸权所取代就消声匿迹。我们不会期待他们始终支持我们的观点,但我们希望他们能始终坚定地维护他们自己的自由——并且牢记,在过去,那些愚蠢地骑上独裁的虎背以谋求权力的人最终都以葬身虎腹而告终。

To those people in the huts and villages of half the globe struggling to break the bonds of mass misery, we pledge our best efforts to help them help themselves, for whatever period is required--not because the communists may be doing it, not because we seek their votes, but because it is right.对于那些寄居于大半个地球上的草舍村落、为着挣脱无尽苦难的枷锁而奋斗的人民,我们承诺将尽我们最大的努力,以使他们获得自助的能力。因为这是时代对我们提出的要求——不是因为共~产~党人可能如此行事、不是因为我们需要他们的选票,仅仅是因为这样做是正当的。

If a free society cannot help the many who are poor, it cannot save the few who are rich.如果一个自由的社会不能帮助贫穷的多数,它就不能拯救那富裕的少数。

To our sister republics south of our border, we offer a special pledge: to convert our good words into good deeds, in a new alliance for progress, to assist free men and free governments in casting off the chains of poverty.But this peaceful revolution of hope cannot become the prey of hostile powers.Let all our neighbors know that we shall join with them to oppose aggression or subversion anywhere in the Americas.对于我们的南部邻邦共和国,我们许以特殊的承诺:将我们的良言转为善行,在为了进步而结成的新盟邦里,帮助自由的人民和自由的政府摆脱贫困。但这一希翼中的和平革命不能成为敌对势力的牺牲品,让我们所有的邻邦都知道,我们将与他们一道,反对发生在美洲任何地区的侵略和颠覆。

And let every other power know that this hemisphere intends to remain the master of its own house.让所有其他势力都知道,这一半球的人民致力于维护他们作为自己家园主人的地位。

To that world assembly of sovereign states, the United Nations, our last best hope in an age where the instruments of war have far outpaced the instruments of peace, we renew our pledge of support--to prevent it from becoming merely a forum for invective, to strengthen its shield of the new and the weak, and to enlarge the area in which its writ may run.对于那个主权国家的世界性会议组织——联合国,我们最后一次良好祝愿是发生在战争机器远远超过和平机器的时代。为了防止它沦为仅仅用来谩骂攻讦的论坛,为了加强它对新成立国家及弱小国家的保障功能、为了扩展其权力涵盖的领域,我们现在重申对它的支持承诺。Finally, to those nations who would make themselves our adversary, we offer not a pledge but a request: that both sides begin anew the quest for peace--before the dark powers of destruction unleashed by science engulf all humanity in planned or accidental self-destruction.最后,对于那些主动站到我们敌对面的国家,我们提出的不是许诺,而是恳求:在被科学释放出的、黑暗的破坏力量以有计划的或偶然性的自我毁灭方式吞噬全人类之前,恳求双方再一次地开始谋求和平的努力。

We dare not tempt them with weakness.For only when our arms are sufficient beyond doubt can we be certain beyond doubt that they will never be employed.But neither can two great and powerful groups of nations take comfort from our present course--both sides overburdened by the cost of modern weapons, both rightly alarmed by the steady spread of the deadly atom, yet both racing to alter that uncertain balance of terror that stays the hand of mankind's final war.So let us begin anew--remembering on both sides that civility is not a sign of weakness, and sincerity is always subject to proof.我们不敢以软弱诱惑它们,因为只有当我们的军备充足到确切无疑的程度时,我们才能确切无疑地肯定它们永远不会被投入使用。但这两个强大的国家集团都无法从彼此当前的做法中得到安慰——双方都背负了过高的现代武器系统的成本、双方都理所当然地对致死性原子武器的持续扩散感到惊恐不安,但双方都竞相改变不确定的恐怖均衡,这种均衡恰恰抑制了人类最后摊牌的冲动。

Let us never negotiate out of fear.But let us never fear to negotiate.让我们永远不要因为惧怕而谈判,让我们永远不要惧怕谈判。

Let both sides explore what problems unite us instead of belaboring those problems which divide us.让双方探寻那些能将我们团结在一起的因素,而不是那些刻意挑出那些分裂我们的因素。Let both sides, for the first time, formulate serious and precise proposals for the inspection and control of arms, and bring the absolute power to destroy other nations under the absolute control of all nations.让双方首先提出认真细致的方案来核查及控制军备,并将毁灭其他国家的绝对力量置于所有国家的绝对控制之下。

Let both sides seek to invoke the wonders of science instead of its terrors.Together let us explore the stars, conquer the deserts, eradicate disease, tap the ocean depths, and encourage the arts and commerce.让双方努力去激发科学的奇迹,而非科学的恐怖。让我们一同探索星空、征服沙漠、消除疾病、开发海洋深处,鼓励艺术和商业。

Let both sides unite to heed, in all corners of the earth, the command of Isaiah--to “undo the heavy burdens...[and] let the oppressed go free.”

让双方在世界每一个角落,都共同信守《圣经.以赛亚书》中的教诲——“卸下重负……让被压迫者自由。”

And if a beachhead of cooperation may push back the jungle of suspicion, let both sides join in creating a new endeavor--not a new balance of power, but a new world of law--where the strong are just, and the weak secure, and the peace preserved.如果合作的滩头堡能够遏制重重猜疑,让双方携手进行新的努力——不是为了建立新的势力均衡,而是为了建立新的规则体系——以使强者正义,弱者安全,和平维系

All this will not be finished in the first one hundred days.Nor will it be finished in the first one thousand days;nor in the life of this Administration;nor even perhaps in our lifetime on this planet.But let us begin.所有这些工作将不会在从现在起的一百天、一千天内完成,也不会在本届行政分支任期内完成,甚至可能不会在我们的有生之年完成,但是,请让我们现在开始工作。

In your hands, my fellow citizens, more than mine, will rest the final success or failure of our course.Since this country was founded, each generation of Americans has been summoned to give testimony to its national loyalty.The graves of young Americans who answered the call to service surround the globe.我的同胞们,我们事业的最终成败将掌握在你们的手中而不仅仅是我的手中。从这个国家被创建那天起,每一代美国人都被召唤去证实自己对国家的忠诚。那些响应号召献身国家的年轻美国人的安息之所遍布全球。

Now the trumpet summons us again--not as a call to bear arms, though arms we need--not as a call to battle, though embattled we are--but a call to bear the burden of a long twilight struggle, year in and year out, rejoicing in hope, patient in tribulation, a struggle against the common enemies of man: tyranny, poverty, disease, and war itself.现在,召唤的号角又一次吹响——不是号召我们扛起武器,虽然武器是我们所需要的——也不是号召我们去参加战斗,虽然我们准备战斗——而是号召我们年复一年地去进行一场漫长而未分胜负的搏斗,在希望中欢乐,而患难中忍耐,以反对人类共同的敌人:暴政、贫困、疾病以及战争本身。

Can we forge against these enemies a grand and global alliance, North and South, East and West, that can assure a more fruitful life for all mankind? Will you join in that historic effort?

为了反对这些敌人,我们能够将南方与北方、东方与西方团结起来,熔铸成一个伟大的和全球性的联盟,以确保全人类得享更为成果累累的生活吗?你们愿意参与这项历史性的努力吗?

In the long history of the world, only a few generations have been granted the role of defending freedom in its hour of maximum danger.I do not shrink from this responsibility--I welcome it.I do not believe that any of us would exchange places with any other people or any other generation.The energy, the faith, the devotion which we bring to this endeavor will light our country and all who serve it.And the glow from that fire can truly light the world.在世界历史的长河里,只有少数几代人被赋予了在自由面临最大危机时捍卫自由的使命,我不会畏缩于这一责任——我欢迎它!我也不相信我们中的任何人会愿意与其他国家的人民或其他世代的人民易地而处。我们在这场努力中所倾注的精力、信念和奉献将照耀我们的国家以及所有为之献身的人,火焰所放射出的光芒必将普照全世界。

And so, my fellow Americans, ask not what your country can do for you;ask what you can do for your country.所以,我的美国同胞们,不要问你的国家为你做了什么,而应问你能为你的国家做些什么。My fellow citizens of the world, ask not what America will do for you, but what together we can do for the freedom of man.我的世界同胞们,不要问美国将为你做些什么,而应问我们应该一起为了全人类的自由做些什么Finally, whether you are citizens of America or citizens of the world, ask of us here the same high standards of strength and sacrifice which we ask of you.With a good conscience our only sure reward, with history the final judge of our deeds, let us go forth to lead the land we love, asking His blessing and His help, but knowing that here on earth God's work must truly be our own.最后,无论是美国公民还是世界其他国家的公民,请用我们要求于你们的关于力量和牺牲的高标准来要求我们,本着我们唯一可以指望有所回报的善意良知,依着能最终裁决我们功业的历史,让我们着手领导我们所热爱的国家,在祈求神的赐福和神的帮助的同时,也能深切体认,在这片土地上,神的工作必定也是我们自己所应承担的使命。

第四篇:美国第16任总统林肯就职演说

美国第16任总统林肯就职演说(全文)

合众国的公民们:

遵从和政府本身一样古老的惯例,我在你们面前做一次简明扼要的演讲,并当场立下誓言,这是美国宪法所规定的在总统“行使职责之前”所要履行的仪式。

我觉得没有必要探讨行政公务,目前没有特别忧虑或高兴的事情。

南部诸州的人民看起来存在着疑虑:共和党执政意味着他们的财产、和平和人身安全将会出现危险。这种疑虑绝无明智的理由。真的,事实是最有力的证据,供大家去检视。你们可以从他几乎所有的演讲中发现这一点——就是现在在你们面前演讲的这人。我只能从这些演讲中挑选一篇,当时我发表宣言——我并不企图,直接地或间接地去干涉蓄奴州的惯例。我相信我没有这样做的合法权力,我也不倾向这样去做。

提名和选举我的这些人完全清楚,我已做了这个声明和许多类似声明,而且决不改变;不仅如此,在政纲宣言中,我接纳选举人的一项清晰明确的决议,这对他们、对我都是一个法律,我现在宣读一遍:

决议:保持各州的权利不被亵渎,特别是各州依靠自己的独立判断去命令和管理自身机构的权利,这种权力平衡是必要的,能保证我们的政体尽善尽美和持久长远;我们公开抨击,用非法武力去侵犯各州或准州的土地的行为,不论用何种托词,都是最大的恶行。

我现在重申这些主张,只是向公众表明一个最鲜明的事实,没有哪个地区的财产、和平和安全会受到即将上任的政府的蓄意侵犯。我还要加上一句,不论出于何种理由,只要各州的要求合法,政府都会高兴地给予与宪法和法律一致的保护——对各州不会厚此薄彼。

对于遣返逃避服兵役和服劳役者这个问题有很多分歧。现在我宣布一个条款,这个条款和任何其他条款一样都是标明在宪法里:

任何据一州之法律在该州中服役或服劳役之人逃往另一州,不能根据另一州任何法律或条例判决,而解除其服役或服劳役,而应依照有权要求该项服役或服劳役之当事一方的要求,把该人遣送。

毫无疑问,这一条款的订立者是要求归还我们通常所说的逃亡奴隶,法律制订者的目的就是法律。所有国会议员都宣誓拥护整个宪法——这个条款和其他条款一样遵守。因此对于适合这一条款情况的奴隶“应该遣送”,他们的誓言是相同的。现在,如果他们平心静气地作一番努力的话,为何不能用差不多相同的看法,去通过一项法律,使得这一致的宣誓长久地保有?

这一条款是由国家还是由州政府来实施,有着不同的看法,但实际上这并非什么很重要的问题。如果这个奴隶要遣返,那么不管哪个官方来实施,对他或其他人来说,都是没有影响的。对于怎样去履行一个誓言,任何人在任何情况下怎会只因一个非实质性的争论而不去信守诺言,谁愿意这样呢?

再说:在这个问题上,处于文明和人道的法律体系中,就不能把捍卫自由的任何法律让人人知晓,以便一个自由人不会在任何情况下被当作一个奴隶遣送?而同时,宪法的这一条款的法律执行不也是得到了贯彻吗?宪法不是保证“每一个州的公民拥有其他州公民一样的基本人权和豁免权”吗?

今天我庄严宣誓,既无保留意见,也不用苛求的尺度去分析宪法或法律。我现在不能做这样的选择:国会的某些特别法案要去彻底实施。但我做一个建议,不论是正式和私下场合上,配合和服从还未撤消的所有法令会更为安全,不要指望违背宪法而触犯其中一项会不受惩处。在我们的国家宪法约束之下,从第一位总统任职开始到现在已有72年了。其间有15位性格各异和非常卓越的公民先后执掌了政府的行政部门。他们克服了许多艰难险阻管理着政府部门,一般而言都赢得了伟大的成就。继承这些前人的经验和智慧,在这伟大而特殊的困境中,我担当起同样的工作,去度过宪法规定的四年短暂任期。联邦的分裂,以前只是一种威吓,如今却是难以避免的侵袭了。

我相信在普通法和宪法中各州构成的联邦是永恒存在的。在所有国家政府的基本法中如果没有明确指出这种永恒性,那也暗含着这一点。可以断定,没有一个合法政府为它的基本法规定了终结的期限。不断地执行我们国家宪法明文规定的条款,联邦将会永远存续,这不可能终结,除非是超越宪法本身的某些行为。

再说:如果合众国不是一个正规政府,而只是各州的一个契约性质的联盟,作为一纸契约,难道就能够不经过所有缔约者而无声无息地失效了吗?缔约的一方可以违反它——或者说,撕毁它——但不是需要所有的缔约者才能合法地废止它吗?

从这些普遍法则来推理,我们发现从法律上去考察这种永恒性的主张,已被联邦自身的历史永久地确立。联邦比宪法古老得多。事实上,它是在1774年联合订约而成立的。1776年的《独立宣言》使其完善并延续下来。1778年联合政府条款使其进一步成熟,当时13个州由此明确宣誓和保证联邦会永恒存在。最后在1787年,宣布制定和认可宪法的一个目的是“组成一个更完美的联邦。”

但如果只由一州或一部分州破坏联邦而合法化,那么联邦比没有宪法之前更不完美,它已丧失了永恒性这一要素。

从这些观点推断,没有哪个州能根据自身意图就可以合法地脱离联邦;所作出的决议和法令在法律上是徒劳的,一州或数州反抗美国执政当局的暴力行动,可依其实际情形,认定为反叛或革命。

从宪法和法律的观点出发,我认为联邦是不可分裂的,我将竭尽全能、精心细致地依据宪法本身明确授予我的权力,使联邦的法律忠实地在各州得到实施。做到这一点,我认为只是应尽的一个基本职责,我将依实际情况来履行它,除非我的合法主人——美国人民限制必要的手段或采取一些郑重的方式指示我相反的做法。我相信这不会视作一种危害,只是把它视作联邦明确表示的意图,即它要用宪法来维护和延续自身。

做到这一点并不需要流血或暴力,不会有上述情况发生,除非国家执政者被迫去这样做。

给予我的权力将是执掌、使用和保有属于政府的财富和名分,征收普通税和关税;为了这些目标所必需的措施之外的手段,将不会涉及,不会使用暴力去反对或离间任何地区的人民。要是国内任何地方对联邦的敌对势力强大和普遍,因而可以阻挡称职的公民去就任联邦职务,这个地方的人民就不会强迫那位讨厌的异类人去任职。尽管政府有充分合法的权力去执行这些职责,但这种实施会引起极大的愤怒,是缺乏洞察力的,因之我认为这段时间暂缓落实这些职责。

邮件,除非是受到拒斥,仍将在联邦的各处予以投递,竭尽所能采取一切办法,将会使各地人民得到完全安全的感觉,这最有助于从容地思考和反省。这里讲述的措施将会予以实施,除非目前的事态和过去的经验表明需要适当的调整和改变,在任何情况和危机状态中,我将极其清醒地履行职责,以应对目前的实际形势,心中怀抱和平解决国家**的信念和希望,恢复友爱和融洽的和谐秩序。

在某些地方有些人寻找各种理由去破坏联邦,为得到任何借口而欢欣鼓舞,这是否属实,我无意肯定也无意否定。但如果真是如此,对他们我不需要去说什么,然而对那些真心爱恋联邦的人,我不应该说说话吗?

在进入事关我们国家组织和它的利益、记忆和希望这样重大的问题之前,详细阐释我们为何要介入这个问题,不是很明智吗?当你们要逃避的苦难完全可能并不真正存在,你们愿意如此绝望地走出冒险的一步吗?比起你们要从一切真实的灾难旁逃避而言,这种逃避使你们遭遇更为巨大得多的灾难,你们愿意冒险寄希望于这样可怕的一个错误之上吗?如果宪法的所有权利都得到了保障,那么人们都会承认处于联邦之中是满意的。那么现在宪法明文规定的权利是否已被否定?是这样吗?我想不会。让人快慰的是,人们的想法是如此的一致,没有哪一方敢如此大胆行事。想想吧,如果你能,那么就举出一个宪法明文规定数量的威力去剥夺少数派宪法上明文规定的权利,那么从道德上看,革命是有理的;如果这项权利举足轻重,那么就更是如此了。但我们这里并非这样的情形。少数派和个人的所有重要权利在宪法中通过保证和拒绝、担保和禁令这样的方式得到明确的保证,有关宪法的争议从未涉及到这一方面。但从没有哪一部根本大法能制定出一项特别条款去解决实际行政工作出现的各种问题。既没有人有如此先见之明,也没有任何精确适度的文件,能圈定所有可能出现的问题。逃奴是由国家还是州政府去遣送?宪法没有明确说明,国会是否可以在准州禁止奴隶制?宪法没有明确说明。国会是否必须在准州内维护奴隶制?宪法没有明文规定。

从这类问题导致了我们全部的宪法争论,我们由此分成了多数派和少数派。如果少数派不愿服从,那么多数派必须让他们服从,否则政府就此毁灭。不存在其他的可取之道,为了延续下去政府要从属一方或另一方。如果少数派宁愿脱离而不愿服从,他们就制造了一个榜样,这榜样反过来将分裂和毁灭他们,因为当他们中的多数派不愿服从少数派的支配的话,那么少数派将从中脱离出去。比如说,一个新联盟的任何一个部分一年或两年以后为什么就不可以随心所欲地再次脱离呢?目前联邦中的某些州宣称脱离联邦不也是这样?那些坚持分裂意见的人现在正受到这种性质的教育。

这些组成新联盟的各州存在纯粹同一的利益吗?会做得亲密无间,能防止再一次脱离吗?

很明显脱离联邦的核心观念是无政府主义。多数派在宪法的检验和约束下执掌政权,总

是能随着大众那种深思的意见和深厚的情感而顺应变化,那么这样的多数派就是自由人民唯一的真正领袖,谁拒绝它就会陷入无政府状态或专制之中。全体一致是不可能的。少数人的统治,以长治久安之道而言,是完全不可取的;因此,拒绝多数人的原则,所剩下的只会是某些形式的无政府状态和专制。

我并没有忘记一些人提出的设想——把宪法问题交给最高法院来裁断,我也不否认这类裁断在任何案例中对诉讼当事人及诉讼对象都有约束力,而他们也有权在所有同类案件中受到政府所有其他部门非常高的敬意和重视。尽管在司法中这类裁断可能出现错误,仍会产生不良后果,但局限在特定的案例中,有机会可以去改变,决不会成为其他案例的一个榜样,比起其他实践所产生的不良后果,它更容易忍受。与此同时,公正的公民必须坦承,如果政府事关全体国民的方针无法逆转地由最高法院来裁断,那么一当这种用于个人诉讼当事人中间的一般诉讼介入的话,人民就会失去了他们自身的主宰地位,到了这个地步,实际上已顺从地把人民的政府交到显赫的大法官手上。从这个观点看不存在对法官或法庭的指责。对于严格地按程序交到他们手中的案件作出裁断那是他们无法推诿的职责,要是有人寻求把法官的裁断转变为政治意图,这可不是他们的错误。

我们国家一部分区域的人相信蓄奴制是对的,应该继续下去,而另一部分区域的人相信它是错的,不应该继续下去。这是唯一本质上的分歧。宪法中有关逃奴的条款和禁止外国奴隶贸易的法律都得到良好的执行,也许,就像人民的道义观念不完全同意法律本身,但法律仍得到执行一样。对于两项事实所引起的无趣的法律义务,人民中的绝大多数是遵从的,很少数的一部分均予以违反。对于此,我认为,不可能完全予以消除,在一部分地区分裂出去之后,会比以前更糟。外国奴隶的流入,现在没有完全消失,但之后会在一部分地区毫不限制地复苏过来;而逃亡奴隶,现在只是部分的遣返,但在另一地区,将来是完全不遣返。

就地缘而言,我们不可能分离。我们不能彼此各自迁移开去,也不能建立起不可逾越的高墙隔开彼此。丈夫和妻子可以离婚,不再相见,互不来往,我们国家的不同部分却不能这样做。他们不只是要面对面,而且要交往,不管和睦的还是仇视的,彼此必须不停地交往。那么交往在分裂后会比分裂前更为方便或更为适当吗?外国人之间订立协议会比朋友间制定法律更容易吗?陌生人之间的协议会比朋友间的法律更为忠实地被执行吗?假设你要进行战争,你不能一直打下去,当双方损失巨大、毫无所获时,你会停止战斗,作为交往的方式,这个完全同一的老问题再次摆在你的面前。这个国家,和它的社会事业机构属于居住其间的人民。任何时候他们对现政府产生了厌恶,他们可以根据改进政府的宪法权利来行动,或者用革命的权利进行分割或者摧毁现政府。我不可能不知道这些事:许多可敬的和爱国的公民渴望修改国家宪法。尽管我没有提出修改的建议,但我坦承人民在整个事情上拥有合法的权利,去运用宪法自身规定的任一模式;在目前的形势下,我不会阻碍而会帮助人民运用公正的机会正实行这种权利。我决心加上一条意见,对我而言,更喜欢人民代表大会的模式,它允许人民自己去提出修正案,它可以代替那种由别人提出的倡议,而人民仅仅被允许赞成或反对的模式,这些倡议并非专门为了人民的意图而特别选定的,而且不可能像那些人所希望的那样,仅仅赞成或否决那样简单明了。我知道一项宪法修改的提议——这项修正案,毕竟,我没有看到——国会已经通过了,其目的是联邦决不能介入各州内部机构,包括人员服役的事宜。为了避开对我已说的发生误会,我脱离我的意图,不再谈及特定的修正案,尽管这样,我还是要说一句,现在把这一条款作为宪法意味的法律,明文确定,不得更改,我并不拒绝这样做。

最高执政官所拥有的一切权力都来自于人民,他们从未指定他去确立分裂各州的条款。如果他们要做抉择,他们能够自己去这样做,但与执政官没有什么干系。他的职责是管理他执掌的政府,把政府毫无损害地传递到他的继任者。

为何不对人民最终的裁断抱着坚毅的信任?在这世界里就没有更好或同等的希望了?在我们当前的分歧中,双方就不相信自己是正确的?如果统率万国的万能之主,带着他的永恒真理和正义,站在你们北方这边,或站在你们南方那边,经过美国人民这位伟大法官的裁决,真理和正义将真正地大白于天下。

作为我们赖以生存的政府机构,人民为了避免伤害明智地只给予他们的公务员一点点权力,同样高明的是规定只隔很短的时间就把那点权力收回到他们自己手中。当人民保有正直的品性和警醒的心灵,即便行政机构极度腐败或愚蠢都不能在四年的短暂舞台上,对政府造成非常严重的损害。

我的国人们,所有人一起冷静地、好好地思考这整个问题。没有价值的事情会随着时间而消失。如果你们中任何一个人慌慌忙忙对一个目标迈出了热情冲动的一步,这一步你绝对没有经过深思熟虑,这个目标随着时间流逝而无法抵达,不好的目标只能受到挫败。你们当中不满的人仍拥有古老的宪法,它未受到损害,再者还可以微妙地表明,你们有自己在宪法之下的法律;而新政府如果有心,也没有直接权力去改变其中任何一项。如果表明不满的人在这场争论中占据了正确的一边,也没有单独的好理由去贸然行事。理解力、爱国心、基督教精神,还有对上帝的坚定信仰,他从未放弃这块偏爱的土地——这一切仍可以用最好的方式充分调解我们目前的全部困难。

在你们的手里,我的同胞,不是在我的手里,握有内战的抉择权。政府不会袭扰你们。你们不会受到攻击,除非你们自己挑衅。你们没有向天发誓去毁坏政府,而我要做一个最严肃的承诺,要去“维持、保卫和支撑它。”

我不愿意就此结束。我们不是敌人,而是朋友;我们必须不成为敌人。尽管激情会让我们的情感关系扭曲,但没必要绷断。回忆的神秘之弦,从每一片战场和爱国者之墓伸展开琴弦,在这宽广的国土上与每一颗搏动的心房、温暖的壁炉联结起来,当我们本性中的更为美好的天使——只要他们真的乐意——去再次触抚琴弦,我们仍将陶醉于联邦大合唱之中。

已经是三月底了,安德森那里的情况越来越危急,或许现在要塞里的将士们已经开始挨饿了。此时的白宫却正在举办总统就任后的第一次大型招待会:身穿一套崭新燕尾服的林肯和身材姣好、光彩照人的玛丽站在一处迎接着来宾。上百双幸灾乐祸的眼睛在等待着林肯出丑。可今天,他却一直自然地和众人聊着天,自始至终表现得十分得体。明天的泰晤士报记者准又能写出这位新任总统讲的许多故事了:关于他喝醉了的马车夫,或是他在西部生活时遇到的种种趣事。告辞时,客人们或许还会想,当前的局势似乎还并不太危险。事实上,这歌舞升平的一幕不过是林肯有意安排,避人耳目的。招待会期间,他就以十分严肃的态度通知了各位部长,当晚要召开一次紧急会议。招待会结束之后,部长们都留了下来,林肯通知大家说,斯科特将军催他们赶快放弃萨姆特要塞,问大家该怎么办。那天晚上,每位部长回家时,心里都一定是忐忑不安的。几个小时之后,也就是第二天一早,他们还要再去参加一次会议,听取总统的意见。林肯决定派一艘船给要塞运送给养;在此之前要通知南部的官方,船只不过是给要塞里断了口粮的将士们送粮食的。倘若南方反应正常,那么一举两得:一则

政府的声望得到了保障,再则要塞内官兵性命也都保住了;若是南方真像几个星期以前所叫嚣的那样,动用起武力来,那么虽然战争打响,但挑衅的罪名却自然而然地落到了南方人的头上,是他们先放了第一炮,引发了紧张局势,他们理应为此负责。同时,北方人民的愤怒也会被激了起来,要知道,没有这种群情激昂,战争是打不胜的。

第五篇:原声彻底模仿-肯尼迪总统就职演说[定稿]

肯尼迪总统就职演说(节选)

Inaugural Adress In the long history of the world, only a few generations have been granted the role of defending freedom in its hour of maximum danger.I do not shrink from this responsibility-I welcome it.I do not believe that any of us would exchange places with any other people or any other generation.The energy, the faith, the devotion which we bring to this endeavor will light our country and all who serve it.And the glow from that fire can truly light the world.And so, my fellow Americans, ask not what your country can do for you;ask what you can do for your country.My fellow citizens of the world, ask not what America will do for you, but what together we can do for the freedom of man.在世界的历史长河中,只有少数几代人被赋予了这种在遭遇最大危机的时刻保卫自由的角色。我绝不在这责任面前退缩;我欢迎它。我不相信我们中间会有人愿意跟别人或别人或别的世代交换地位。我们在这个奋斗过程中所献出的经历、信念与虔诚,将照亮我们的国家一级所有为国家服务的人,而从这一火焰闪耀出的光辉必能照亮全世界。

因此,同胞们:不要问你们的国家能为你们做些什么,而要问你们能为国家做些什么。

全世界的公民:不要问美国会为你们做些什么,而应问我们在一起能为全人类的自由做些什么。

疯狂注释:

1.grant 同意;准予

7.faith 信任;信念 2.defend 防护;防卫

8.devotion 奉献;忠诚 3.maximum 最大程度的 9.endeavor 努力;尽力 4.shrink 退缩

10.light 照亮;使明亮 5.responsibility 责任;职责

11.glow 炽热;光辉 6.exchange 交换;调换

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